Radioanatomi Tract.respiratori & Mediastinum
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Transcript of Radioanatomi Tract.respiratori & Mediastinum
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RADIOANATOMI THORAKSAND MEDIASTINUM
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Radioanatomi
cabang ilmu yang mempelajari tubuh manusia melalui pemeriksaan radiologi
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Pemeriksaan X-ray • Rutin : PA• Spesial :
Lateral (kanan, kiri)APTop LordotikOblik (kanan, kiri)Lateral dekubitus
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Metode Pemeriksaan Khusus
• Tomografi• Bronchografi• USG• CT scan• MRI
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Traktus Respiratorius
1. Saluran napas atas(Cav. Nasi and pharynx)2. Larynx3. Trachea and bronchus4. Paru - paru + Vaskular (lymph)5. Dinding thorax dan diafragma
• 3,4,5 Foto thorax• Paru - paru !
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Indikasi foto thorax
• Riwayat kontak dengan penderit TB• Batuk > 2 minggu• Infeksi saluran pernafasan berulang• Hemaptoe• Ekstra pulmonary TBC• Erytema nodosum / conjuntivitis
phlyctenularis• Fissura/fistula ani chronicum• DM• Indikasi pencegahan
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Posisi PA
Prosedur :• Posisikan pasien diantara sumber sinar
dan film• Pasien mengambil posisi membelakangi
sumber sinar, dada menempel pada film, posisi tangan di pinggang dengan posisi siku flexi. Jarak antara film dan sumber sinar 1,5 m
• Sinar X pada TH 6-7 KV 50-60 Mas 10-20
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Kualitas foto thorax bergantung pada:1. Kualitas:
KV Mas pemprosesan
2. Simetri3. Semua bagian thorax terfoto4. Identitas dan marking5. tidak ada artefak6. tidak ada gerakan pada saat difoto7. Inspirasi maksimal
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Yang dilihat pada foto thorax
• Jaringan lunak• Costae and clavikula• Trachea• Bentuk, ukuran dan posisis
jantung• Pulmo
Hilus Corakan Bronchovaskular
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Lapang Paru:
• Apeks• Lapang atas• Lapang tengah• Lapang bawah
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Pembagian lobus paru - kanan
Superior Lobe Superior Lobe Apical Segment (1)Apical Segment (1)
Posterior Segment (2)Posterior Segment (2)
Anterior Segment (3)Anterior Segment (3)
Medial Lobe Medial Lobe Lateral Segment (4)Lateral Segment (4)
Medial Segment (5)Medial Segment (5)
Inferior LobeInferior Lobe Apicobasal Segment (6)Apicobasal Segment (6)
Mediobasal Segment (7)Mediobasal Segment (7)
Anterobasal Segment (8)Anterobasal Segment (8)
Laterobasal Segment (9)Laterobasal Segment (9)
Posterobasal Segment (10) Posterobasal Segment (10)
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Pembagian lobus paru - kiri
Superior LobeSuperior Lobe Apicoposterior Segment (1)Apicoposterior Segment (1)
Anterior Segment (2) Anterior Segment (2)
LingulaLingula Superior Segment (3)Superior Segment (3)
Inferior Segment (4) Inferior Segment (4)
Inferior LobeInferior Lobe Apical (5)Apical (5)
Antero medial basal (6)Antero medial basal (6)
Latero basal (7)Latero basal (7)
Postero basal (8) Postero basal (8)
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Foto dada Lateral
Indikasi•Untuk melihat kelainan yang tidak tampak pada foto PA
•Untuk melihat mediastinum
•Untuk melihat Jantung
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Prosedur• Posisikan pasien diantara sumber
sinar dan film• Posisikan bagian lateral dada(kanan,
kiri) menempel pada film• Tangan ada di belakang kepala• Sentrasi sinar di Th 6-7
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Yang dilihat pada foto lateral
• Trachea dan percabangan bronkus• Jantung, arkus aorta, aorta (asc &
des)• Paru (kanan/kiri)• Retrosternal space• Retrocardial space• Sinus Costophrenikus• Sinus Cardiophrenikus
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Foto AP
Indikasi:•Pasien yang sakit parah •Anak-anak/bayi•Obesitas, hamil, asites, tumor abdominal
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Prosedur:•Pasien berbaring di meja pemotretan dengan kengan ke atas
•Film diletakan di bawah punggung
•Sinar datang dari anterior, centrasi th. 6-7
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Foto dada top lordotikIndikasi :
• Untuk mencari kelainan yang berlokasi di apeks / lobus medial
Prosedur:• Penderita berdiri di antara film
dengan sumber sinar, menghadap ke arah sinar.
• Penderita berdiri 30 cm di depan film dengan punggung menempel pada film.
• Tepi atas/puncak film berada 1 inchi diatas bahu
• Sinar diarahkan ke manubrum sterni.
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Foto dada oblik
Indikasi:• Mempelajari jantung• Mempeljari kelainan yang tidak
tampak pada PAProsedur
• Posisikan pasien antara film dengan sumber sinar
• Bagian ventral thoraks sebelah kiri/kanan menempel pada kaset dan membentuk sudut 45°
• Centrasi sinardi vertebrata thorakal 6-7
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Foto film lateral dekubitusIndication :
• Untuk mempelajari cairan di rongga plural yang berjumlah sekitar 100-200 cc atau pengumpulan cairan yang tidak terlihat dengan foto PA
Prosedur• Penderita erbarin di meja pada sisi
kanan/kiri tengan lengn diatas kepala • Sinar diarahkan pada vert thorakal 6-7
dari anterior /posterior
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Batas Mediastinum
• Top : Apertura thoracis sup.
• Dorsal : Vertebral Column.
• Ventral : Sternum.• Inferior : Diaphragm.• Lateral: mediastinal pleura.
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Mediastinal
1. Anterior superior 2. Anterior medius3. Anterior inferior 4. Superior medius5. Tengah 6. Posterior superior 7. Posterior medius 8. Posterior inferior
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Untuk melihat Mediastina
1. Radiografi :•Foto dada: - PA.•Lateral.•Foto kontras esofagus
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2. Fluoroskopi :• Untuk mempeljri pulssi• Untuk mempelajari pasisi organ di
rongga dada• Untuk mempelajari kaitn massa
dengan organ terdekat• Diafragma• esofgus.• Jantung dan pembuluh darah besar• Untuk mempelajari efusi perikardial
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3. Tomografi.4. Angiografi5. CT Scan / MRI.6. USG7. Nuclear med. Radioisotop.
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Lokasi dari kelainan mediastinum
Anterior superior•Vaskular : aneurisma•Thymus : hyperplasi, thymoma
•KGB : lymphoma.•Tiroid : intrathoracal struma.
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Anterior medius• Dermoid• Teratoma
Anterior inferior• Kista Pericardial .• Diafragma :hernia diafragmatica
• Thymus.
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Superior medius• Vaskular• Dermoid• Teratoma• Trauma Mediastinum
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tengah•Dermoid•Teratoma•KGB
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Posterior superior• Osofagus : diverticel, achalasia
• Vaskular• Tumor Neurogenik : neurinoma, neurofibroma
• Pancoast tumor
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Posterior medius • Tumor Neuragenik• Kista Bronchial : kongenital
Posterior inferior • Tumor Neurogenik • Diafragma