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Transcript of The H I Ndustani Manual - Forgotten Books
LIBRARY
THE UN IVERSITY
OF CALIFORN IA
ANGELES
every varie ty of Idiomat ioConstruct ion. Fcap . 8vo . 7s . 6d .
TOTA ITIHAS : T he T ales ofa Parrot . Demy 8vo. 53.
BURMES E .
DAVIDSON, LIEUT. F. A. L.
A NGLI C I SED CO LLOQU IAL BUR M ESE : or, H ow to Speak t}
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Ls"
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Text -i
Book‘
sfManua ls , Sec" in
r ORlENTAL LANGUAG ES .
C H IN ES E .
BULLOCK, T. L. , Professar ofChinese In the Universi ty ofO xford .
PR OGRESS IV E EXERC ISES I N THE CH I NES E WR ITTEN LANGUAGE .
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OUGLAS , SIR R. K. ,Professor ofChinese at K ing’s College.
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STRONG, GEO . V . ,L ieut . , 6th U .S . C av.
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S IN G H A SA N BA T T IS I . T ranslated into H ind i from the Sanscri t , inthe N agari Character. Royal 8vo . 12s . 6d .
5"A R H LA K I H I ND I , translated into Urdu, w i th an Introduc tion and
N otes in the Persian Character. Royal 8vo . 12s . 6d .
CHAPMAN , MAJOR F. R . H .
ENGL ISH H I NDUSTAN I PO C K ET VO CABULARY, containing 2 , 200 use
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URDU READER (G RAD I'
A T ED) F OR M I LITA RY STUDENTS. C on
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T H E BAGH -O—BAHAR .— L i terally ‘ translated Into Engl ish, w i th
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ORBES , DUN AN, LL .D.
I NDUST A N I NG L ISH D ICT IO NARY , In the Persian Character, w i ththe H ind i word s in N agari also ; and an Engl ish-H industaniD ictionary“in the English Character ; both in one volume .
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ORIENTA L LANG UAG ES
H IN DUI
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ORBES , DUNCAN, LL .D.—t
‘
01zti nued .
T OTA KAHAN I ; or, T ales ofa Parrot , in the Persian Charac ter,wi th a complete Vocabulary Royal 8vo. 85 .
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T H E SYNTAX AND ID IO M S O F H I NDUSTAN I . A Manual of the
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H INDUSTAN I STU M BL I NG BLOC K S . Be ing d iffi cu t Po ints in theSyntax and Id iom of H industani Explained and Exemp lifi ed .
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INCOTT, FREDERIC , III .R .A .S .
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T H E H I ND I MANUAL. Comprising a G rammar of the H ind iLanguage both L i terary and Provinc ial ; a complete SyntaxExercises in va I ious sty les of H ind i compos i t ion : D ialogues on
sexeral subjec ts , and a complete Vocabulary in the N agari andRoman Charac ters . Fcap . 8 \ O . 6s .
PLATTS , J . T Pe rsian T eacher at the Univers i ty ofO xford .
H I NDUSTAN I D ICT IONA .RY D ic tionary ofUrduand Classical H ind Iand English , In the Persian and N agari Charac ters. Super Royal8vo . £3 3s .
H I N D I STAN I MANUAL, containing a Compend ious Gramma r , Exerc i ses for Translat ion , D ialogues, and V ocabu ary , in the RomanCharacter . N ew Ed i t ion . 18mo. 3s . 6d .
GRA M M AR O F THE URDU O R H I NDU STAN I LANGUAGE . H industan iword s in the Persian Cha rac ter. Demy 8y o. 125 .
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Ii—af A l l th e a b ov e r it e s a re n et:
T H E
H INDUSTAN I MANUA LI NTENDED T O
FAC I L ITATE T H E ESSENT IAL ATTA I N M ENTS O F CO NV ERS I NG W ITHF LUENCY, A N D CO M PO S I NG W ITH ACCURACY , I N T H E M O ST USEFUL
O F A LL T H E LANGUAGES SPO K EN I N OUR EASTERN E M P I RE
Part I
A C OMPENDIOUS GRAMMAR O F T H E
LANGUAGE
W ITH EXERC ISES,USEFUL PHRASES
,D I ALOGUES , E T C .
Part II
A V O CABULARY O F USEFUL WO RDSEN GL ISH AN D H INDUSTAN I
SHO \V I NG AT T H E SA M E T I M E T H E D I FFERENC E O F ID IO M BETWEENT H E TWO LANGUAGES
BY T H E LATE DUN CAN FO RBES , LL .D.
A N ew E d z'
fz'
on, carefu l ly rev ised
BY SH AMSUL ‘ULAMA M. YUSUF JA
‘FA RI
KHAN BAHADUR , C H IEF M AU’LAV I , BO ARD O F EXA M I NERS , CALCUTTA
TWEN TY-SECO N D EDIT ION
LO N DO N
C RO SBY LO CKWO OD AND SON
7 STAT IO N ER S’ H ALL C O U RT , L U DG ATE H I LL1918
[ A l l r ig/11‘s reserved ]
EDIT O R’
S PREFA CE
T H E main princ ip l e fol lowed in th is ed ition of
Forbes’
H z
'
nd zZr/Zmi zlfmmal has b een to make it
an up- to -date e lementary book for l earn ing the
language as M. is spoken EHKI‘
WrHUfll by the
Urdu- speak ing peop le of Ind ia.
I n the“
fi rst ~
place all O bso lete word s and
grammatical form s have been removed from
P latts’ ed ition of this book . Some of the rul esof grammar have al so been material ly al tered or
mod ifi ed , wh i le simp ler co l loquial word s have
been substituted for som e l e ss used ,though
perfectly correc t, word s . Again ,certain lessons
that were considered not so useful have been
omitted al together, and some sentences here and
there have been improved upon or expunged as
was thought necessary.
T o keep the book , which is intended for
beginners on ly, within its l im ited scope many
rul es of grammar and id iom have been l e ft out.
For these,studen ts - may re fe r to H olroyd
’
s and
Phi llott’
s works on the subject.
M. Y . JA‘FARI.
C ALCUTTA .
Sept/ember I , 1916.
117 8 9 15
H I NDUSTAN I MANUAL
PA RT I .
SECT ION I .
O N T H E LETTERS AND PARTS O F SPEEC H .
0
0
I .— TH ROUGH OUT the extens ive empire of I nd ia , from C ape
C omorin to K ashm i r , and from the Brahmaputra to the Ind us ,the H industani i s the language most general ly used . I t
_
consi s tsof two d ialects that of the Musalmans , comm only cal ledthe Urd zZ or R eg/1m, and that of the H indus , called H ind i .The former abound s i n word s and phrases from the Pers ian andA rabic ; the lat ter confines i tself to word s of nat ive origin , orword s borrowed from the Sanskri t . A s the two d ialects , however , follow, i n the mai n , the sam e grammat i cal rules , they areund erstood here to be both i nclud ed und er the general nameH industani , which means , par excel lence, the
'
language ofH indus tan .
2 .— The following l i t tle work has two d i s t i nc t objects i n v i ew
first , to afford ample material s for exerc ise i n speaking , wr i t ing ,and composi t ion , to those who have alread y mad e some progressi n the language , and who have acquired a fai r knowledge of oneor both of the O r ien tal alphabets , second ly , to enable thoseWhose time and avocat ion s d o not perm i t them to make a profound stud y of the language , to acquire at leas t a fai r pract icalknowledge of i t . The Roman character i s used throughout asa mere matter of economy the same may be eas ily transferredi n to ei ther of the O rien tal characters by the aid of the tables tothat effec t given i n pp. 2, 3, etc .
2 T H E PER S I -ARAB I C ALPH ABET.
3.— The Persi -A rabic A lphabet as appl ied to the H in
dustani z
5 .
EXE M PL I F ICAT IO NS.5 2 eNA M E. < 5 POW ER. 3
‘
33r
N o
$5 "a g 2: F i na l . fi l ed za l . l n zfza l .
r“ N
i s; Q
a.
J w
jg f
dd l o d
T H E PERS I-ARA B I C AL PH ABET.
I .
i
2. 3.
Qm5: 2
NA M E. 25; POWER .9 a.n:Q
dal a d
gal o_
z_
skinu
.) 873
dup 3
zddufi: z
toe la t
5.
EXE M PLI F I CAT IO NS .
F ina l . Al ed z'
a l . [ n i l z'
aL
un fla é
uéd é
Lz la lo kisulai lo
la b iaJigs /e
T H E PERS I -ARA B I C AL PH ABET.
5 .
EXE M PL I F ICAT IO NS.
F ina l . Im'
l z'
a l .
JJ w
5.T e
b (D
Transl i terated by a comma above the line.
CO RRESPONDENCE O F VowELs. 5
I n the preced i ng table , the fi rs t column contains the nam esof the let ters as pronounced i n Ind ia. The second columngives the full d etached form of each let ter as i t i s writtenat the end of a word , when preced ed by any of the let ters
l,
a), j )
which , i t may be observed ,
never a l ter i n form ,nor un i te wi t h the let ter that follows . The
th ird column contai n s the correspond i ng.Engl i sh let ters , som eof which are marked wi th a dot und erneath , which d ot or d ot sserve two purposes
,viz . i n the fi rs t place they ind i cate that there
i s a sl igh t d ifference of sound , and i n the second place theyserve to poin t out
,i n the followi n g work , the correspond ing
Pers ic let ters. The fourth column gives the i n i t ial , med ial , andfinal form s of the let ters , when comb i ned together i n wr i t ing.
Lastly , i n the fi fth column are given th ree word s , wi th a view toShow the d i fferen t form s of the let ter opposi te . I t i s need lessto say more about the alphabet i n th i s l i t tle work , except that i ti s read from right to left
,con trary to ours .
4.—A table showi ng the correspond ence of the vowels i n the
Persian , Roman , and Devanagari characters
VOWEL S . IN I T IAL . N O N - IN I TIAL .
a 3! ab i t? A.) bad 33
1 z'
1 w t, is {a we cha rger
Qt
g(i
.a,
g 41
l; C.
5;
£1
_4
Al
6 OF T H E CO N SONAN TS .VOWEL S . IN I T IAL . N O N - IN I T IAL .
J l e q rifl e/7. 1165 c g be a
d l (12 a Luv-l i az'
sd m as bai 3
These vowels and d i ph thongs are to be sound ed uni form ly asfol lows : a
, unmarked , i s very short , as i n the word A mer ica ,
or l ike our u i n the word s sun and pan ; i , short , as infi t,fi n
u , s hort , as i n put , pus/z, or our 00 infoot ; ( i , long ,as i n fa r ,
fa t/zer ; a, long , as i n pole , mole ; 72, l ong , as i n rule , fool ; nu ,
l ike our ou i n sound ; e , l ike our a i n fa te ,or the French 3 i n
béle,te‘
te ; z“
, long . as i n the word s pol i ce ,mac/zi ne, or our ee i n
bee, see and az’
,l ike our a i i n a isle ,
or the G erman az’ i n K a iser ,Ia C aesar or emperor. The A rab i c term i nat ion d i s represen ted i n the Roman character by a or c}
, accord i ng as i t s soundi s shor t or long.
5 .
— A table showi ng the agreemen t o f the consonants ,Pers ian
,Roman , and Devanagari z
+3 wi n m a
If a j/z $ 5 (Ill $ 1
tit W Q d 3
O F T H E CO N SO NANTS . 7.
j 7” 3 m 31
we]? M g mk 7 -3
u n Wetc .
gs nk vg
un s fl 0. k Jw a
uz sk n ékh q s la g
ue fi fi ge y fl
The consonants , wi th few except ions , are to be pronounced as
i n Engl ish . The letters 1 and d are softer and more‘
d ental thanwi t h us c]: i s uni form ly sound ed as i n c/zurc/z, c/zz
'
n M and gfi
are bes t learned by the ear the former i s forc ibly uttered l ikech i n the Scott i sh word lac/z g_
/z i s less forc ibly u t tered , l ike theG erman g i n sage” ,
wagen k/zand git wi thout the dash beneathare to be sound ed as they are i n the compound s ink-born and
dog-lzouse ; g i s un i form ly sound ed hard , as i n go, g ive, never
l ike our g in gem , gentle ; i s of rare occurrence , and i s sound edl ike the j i n the French word s jour , jamaz
'
s. I n a few word sfrom the Pers ian the letter w , though wr i tten , i s not sound ed ;in wh ich case i t i s marked thus , it). A final 72 preced ed by a longvowel has generally a nasal sound , as i n the French word sborz
,ton , to d enote wh ich sound we shall use We may
Th is nasal {1 occurs in H ind i word s only.
8 ART I CL E A N D SUBSTANT IVE .
occas i onally use 72 to d enote the A rabic nunnatz’
on ,wh ich may be
m et wi th i n a few ad verbs borrowed from that language ; as i nthe word s fiasa’an , purposely , z
'
ttzfriéazz, accid en tally. A ll theres t of the consonants not here specified are und erstood to besound ed as i n Engl i sh ,
or very nearly so . An apostrophe
above the l i ne d enotes the A rab i c consonant
the mark l.) between two vowel s or a consonan t and a
vowel d enotes the Izamza . Las tly , a final short a unmarked
d enotes the weak or unaspi rated 5 of the Persian character ;o
as m oana’
a , a slave . From these b ri ef h ints the at ten t i ves tud en t wi l l be enabled , should he feel i ncl i ned , t o transposethe followi ng d ialogues , etc . , i n to ei ther or bo th of the nat ivecharacters
, an exerci se that wi l l greatly con tribute to hi simprovemen t . This much being prem i sed , we now proceedto treat of the part s of s peech ,
followi ng the sam e arrangementthat hold s i n the grammar of our own tongue .
I . ARTIC LE .
6 . The Hindus tani , l ike the Lat i n , has no word which corre~spond s exactly wi th our d efini te art i cle the : we occas ionally ,however , fi nd the d emonstrat ive pronouns y i/z, th is , and wu/z,that , employed as art i cles when gr eat preci s ion i s required as
wi ll be seen hereafter. The place of our i nd efini te ar t icle a oran i s suppl ied by the numeral ek , one , or the ind efini te pronounkoj , some , a certai n ; thus , ele d dm i ; or bal l
“
a man ,
some man , or a certai n m an .
I I . SUBSTAN T IV ES .
7 . Gender .— There being no neuter gend er i n H indus tan i ,
all sub stant ives are e i ther masculine or fem i n ine , except a fewwh i ch are of both gend ers . Males are O f course mascul i ne ,and females fem i n i ne ; but wi th regard to the gend ers o f thei n ferior an imal s , and of all l i feless th ings , pract i ce alone can
d eterm ine . W'
e may ad d as a general rule , however , that al lab s tract nouns , names of lower animals , and l i feless mat te r i ngeneral , end ing i n z
“
, are fem i n i ne ; those i n t are al so fem in ine ,i f d erived from A rab i c roo ts ; and those i n z
'
s/z,i f d erived from
Pers ian verbal roots . A s except ions t o thi s rule , we maym ent ion prim
”
, water , g/zz‘
,clar ified butter,jz
‘
, m i nd ,d a/zz
‘
, curd ,
bat/n”
, an elephant , and won“
, a pearl , wh ich are mascul i ne .
I O ADJECT IVES— PRO NOUN S .5. E xception 2 .
— Mascul i ne common nouns end ing i n a or(in, i f purely I nd ian , and many ni ascul ines end i ng i n theunmarked a or impercept ib le lz (chiefly from the Persian andthe A rab i c), change thei r final vowel i n to e i n the obl i que casess ingular and nom i nat i ve plural , and i n to on for the ob l iqueeases plural th i s change i s called an i nflec t ion , and such nounsare said to be i nflected . Thus , katta
’
, a d og ; gen . s ing .
[ mi le-Ea“
,-ke, vb
"
, etc nom . plur. kutfe ; gen . plur. , etc . ,button-ltd ,
-ke,
-,éz‘ voe. plur . kutz‘o. So bano
’
a, a slave ; gen .
s ing . bande-eu'
, Jee, -kz‘
nom . plur . bande gen . bandon-ka'
,e tc .
Proper nam es (mas cul ine), except names of places general ly ,and mos t of the common nouns taken from Sanskri t , Persian ,
or A rabic, are not i nflec ted . A few names of relat ion , however ,
though not of Sanskri t , Pers ian , or A rab i c origi n , are a lso noti nflected , such as abod , oaba
'
, father , amma, m other ,father 's b rother , pi mp/2d , father
's s i s ter’s husband . But
a_
paternal grand father , nd na’
, a maternal grand father , and alsora
‘
ja , a H ind u king ,may or may not be i nflected , the m od ern
tend ency be ing n
b
ot t o inflect. N ames of places end ing i na or a, except those of H ind u sacred places , are i nflected ; asxl l a leka , Mecca ; rl/aéée se , from Mecca ; Befzjfa
'
,Beiye tab ,
up to Bei z'
yri but Gay ri se Mat/1rd taéand not Ga,e se
I I I . ADJECTIVES .
9 .— Adj ect ives are generally placed be fore their subs tan t ives ,
as i n Engl i sh . A dj ec t ives end i ng i n any le t ter except a, and
a few that end i n the unmarked or short a , are i nd ecl inable .
Those end i ng in a“
, i f purely Ind ian , are subj ec t to a sl igh tchange or i nflect ion i n the term i nat ion , whi ch , as well as them od e of form i ng the d egrees of compari son , wi l l be not iced Inthe Syntax. (Vzde paragraph
IV . PRO N OUN S .
I o.—The. personal pronouns are thus d ecl ined
S i ng . First Person . Plur .N om . ma in,
I . lzam , we .
G en. me rri , mere, men . lzanz-arri , - d re,
-a'
r i .
D . 8: A . maj/z-ko or muj/ze. barn -no or -en, etc .Ab . muj/z-se 12am -se.
L oc. maj/z men ,- par , J ak. [mm -men, etc .
Agt . mazn -ne. lzanz-ne.
T he s tuden t w i l l observe tha t al l reference s are made , no t to
the pages ofthi s work , b u t to the number ofthe paragraph . W henreference i s made to my G rammar, the page is ind icated .
PRONO UN S . I I
S i ng. S econd Person .
N om . £22,thou . tum , you .
G en . tera, tere, ter z'
. tmn - lzri ra, Jafre,-/zd r i .
D . A . tnj/z-ko or tnj/ze. tum-no or - lzen.
Ab . tuj/z-se. l unz -se.
L oc . tnj/z- naen,a r ,
—tak. {um -men, etc .
Agt. tzZ- ne. tum-ne.
a . I t wi l l be observed that the fi rs t and second pers . pronouns ,I
'
and‘ thou '
,have a d eclensi on pecul iar to them selves .
I n the. fi rs t place,the gen . s i ng. end s i n rd , re ,
rz‘
, and the gen .
plur. i n d rd , are, are“
, i ns tead of the li d , ke, lac“ of the substan ti ves.
The other cases singular are formed by ad d i ng the requi s i te postposrtions to the oblique form s or i nflec t ions 712t and tuj/z : atthe same t ime , the d at i ve and accus . may opt ionally ad d ko ore. T he cases d enot i ng the agen t s ing. are formed by ad d i ng neto the nom as maz
'
n-ne and tzZ-ne, and not mujIz-ne, e tc as
one would expect .I I .
— The res t of the pronouns are very simple in thei rd eclension ; al l that i s requi s i te i s to remem ber the nom . and
O b l i que form or i nflect ion o f each ; thus , yz’
lz,he
,etc . , inflect.
z'
s-kd ,-/ée, véz" .
S ing . Third Person Plur .N om . 3472, he , she , i t , or th i s . y z
'
lz, they , these .
G en. z’
s—lai , -ke, wéz‘
. z'
n -na‘
,Jae , Jar.
Dat. i s-lzo or z'
s-e. i n - leo or z'
n lzen.
A e . y in, z'
s -ko, or z'
s- e. yz’
lzz'
n - lzo or z'ull en, etc .A b . z
'
s-se. i n -se.
L oc . z’
s-men,-par , J ab. z
'
n -men,-par ,
J ae.
Agt. z’
s-ne. z'
n/zon-ne.
*
a . Exactly l ike 3117: are d ecl ined the three following pronouns ,of which i t wil l be sufficien t here to give the nom i nat i ve andi nflect i on of each , s i ngular and plural .N om . w i t/l , he , she , i t , that . i on/z, they or those .Inflec . as—kd ,
-ke, néz" , e tc . nn -né, -,ée, -
,éi .I n terrogat i ve .
N om . kaun , who ? kaun, who ?
Inflec. ke’
s-kri , née, -kz‘
, e tc . kin -Ea“
,-ke, -ki .
Relat i ve.N om . jo, he who ,
e tc . jo, they who.
Inflec . jz'
s- lea'
, 4 a» , etc . jin -kd , ace, -kz’
.
N ot z'
n -ne , i t being now obsolete .
I 2 PRO NO UN S— VERB .
e. The followi ng in terrogat i ve i s appl i cable ei ther to thes ingular or plural .N oni . leyri , what (general ly appl ied to abstrac tInflec . kd /ze- lzd ,
-ke, Jzz‘
, of what , etc .O bs. I n pure U rdu, however , the ob l ique cases of kaun are
used for those. of Ami . The form s led /ze led and ka/ze ko mayoccasional ly occur , but not the others .
c. The word rip ,when i t m eans ‘ self ’
,i s i nd ecl i nable i t gi ves ,
as a possess ive ad j ect ive , ap -na’
,- ne ,
-n-Z, of or relat ing to self,
own . Theword a“p rip ka’
, etc . i s a lso employed when ad d res s ing ,
or Speaking of, a superior , i n the sense of ‘ your honour yourworship ’
, h i s honour’
, etc . , as wi l l be fully explai ned i n theSyntax , paragraph 37 .
d . The ind efi nites’
are Ito} and kuc/z/z, some , a , any ,—the
inflect i on of both being the sam e— viz. kisz‘ or kisfi ,
of which kz'
szi
i s the old er form . The plural i s Pan“
, or leaf-ere, some , several .To these may be ad d ed lzar , or lzar -ek
,every , which has no
i nflect ion . S ab, every , or al l , when accompanied by i t ss ubs tan t ive , i s i nd ecl inable ; but when used by i tself, i n an
emphat i c sense , i t has sob/107i for the ob l ique cases plural ; as
sab log ka/zte lzaz'
n, all people say ; sao/zon ne ka/za
‘
, by all i t wassaid . The compound jo- leoj, whosoever , has a d ouble inflect ion ,jz
'
s 45d , wee, —ki .
V. VE RB.
1 2 .-The Hindustani Verb is ext remely regular . The ih
fi nitive or verbal n oun always end s i n mi ; as , g i rna’
, to fal l ,al so falling— a mascul i ne noun subj ec t to inflect ion i n thegen i ti ve , etc . ; as , gz
'
rne ka’
,of fall ing ; g i rne ko, t o or for
fall i ng. By st r iki ng off the syllable mi we have the root ofthe verb , wh ich i s a ls o the 2nd person s ingular of theimperat i ve ; as , g i r ,
fal l thou . By changing na’ i nto téwe
have the presen t par t ic i ple ; as , g z'
rfri , fall ing . By leav ing out then of the i nfin i t i ve we have the pas t par t ic i ple ; as , gi rd , fal len ,except when ei ther of the long vowels a“ or 0 preced e s themi ; i n which case . i n ord er to avoid a hiatus , the n i s changedi n to y ; to bring , hiya,
brought . From these threeprinci pal parts of the verb
,viz . gz
‘
r , gi rta, and g i rd , all the o therparts are form ed , e i ther by the ad d i t ion of term i nat ions or bym eans of the follow i ng auxi l iary tenses , wh ich mus t , i n thefirs t place , be carefullv learned . These auxi l iary tenses are onlytwo i n number .
But [ erac/zi z , wha t th ing , is an excep tion to th i s rule .
VER B . I 3
I . PRESEN T TEN SE .
I . ma in lain , I am . lzam lzaz'
n, we are.
2 . tzZ Izai , thou art. tum 120, you are.
3. wuh bat, he , she , or i t i s . wa/z lzaz'
n, they are.
2 . PA ST TEN SE .
1. main tad or t/zr‘ , I ,
was. 12am t/ze, we were.2 . tzZ t/za
‘ or t/zz‘ , thou wast tum Me or th in, you were.3. q z tbaor the“, he or shewas. wu/z t/ze ormen,
they were.
a . I n the fi rs t o f the above tenses there i s no d i s t inct ionbetween the mas culi ne and fem i n i ne gend ers , but i n the secondor pas t tense the forms Md and the are used when the nom inat ives are mascul i ne , and flu
“
and that when fem i n i n e , excepti n the I st person plural , i n wh ich Me i s used for both themascul ine and the fem i ni ne gend ers . We may h ere observe , asa un iversal rule , that i n all the tenses the verb mus t agree wi t hi t s nom inat ive i n gender , nameer , and person . I n tenses otherthan the aori s t and imperat i ve the mascu li ne singular i s d , thefem i n i ne s ingular i s i , the mas c . plur. e, and the fem. plur. in(con tracted for z
’
yan). A s a general rule , i t i s sufli c ient to ad dthe nasal a to the las t word of the fem i n ines i n the plural as ,
g i rtz’
th in, not g i rtz‘
n ti n‘
n the lat ter mod e , though noti ncorrec t , i s nearly obsolete .I 3.
— W e shal l now proceed t o a few parad igm s , or examplesof the conjugat ion ofa neuter or in transi t ive verb , such asg i rna,
to fall ; where i t may be observed that the tenses natural lyd iv id e them selves i n to three groups of three tenses each , wh i chtend s greatly to ass i s t the memory .
ROO T , gi r , fall thou ; pres . part . g i rtci , fall i ng ; pas t par t.g i rd , fal len ..
Tenses of tlze Root.
AO R I ST. I fall or shal l fall , etc .I . maing ir-zzn
,I fal l or shal l lzam g ir
-en, we , etc .
fal l .2. tr?g ir
-e, thou falles t , et c . tum gz'
r-o, you , etc .3. wn/zgz
'
r-e, he fal ls , etc. ton/zg i r en, they , etc .The FUTURE . I shall or wi l l fal l , e tc. formed by ad d i ng tothe aori s t go
” for the masc . and gt“ for the fem . s ing. and ge
mas c. (as well as I st pers .. fem . ) and g in fem. plur. (2nd and
3rd persons).
I 4 VERB .
m . f.I . ma ingi r
- zZn-
gd g t.
2 . ti2g i r—e-gd tum g i r
-o-
ge
3. wall g i r-e-
gd wa ll g i r-en-
ge
IMPERAT IVE . L et me fall , etc . d iffering from thei n the 2nd pers . s ing.
S i ng. Plur .I . ma ing i r
-dn, le t me fall . lzam gi r-eri , le t us , e tc .
2 . t i2g i r , fal l thou . tum gi r—o, fall y e .
3. wall g i r-e, le t h im fal l. wu/zg i r
-en, le t them , e tc.
Tenses of tbc Present Partz'
czple.
The C O N D IT ION AL . H ad I falle n or (would that) I fell , etc .I . ma ing i rtd or g i r l i
'
. 12am gi r- te,
2 . tum gi r- te or 4 572.
3. zi mit g i rtd or g i rtz‘
. wulzgi r- te or
PRE SENT. I fal l or am fall i ng , etc.
m . f. m .
I . ma ing i r/d 122272or g i rti /zdn. h am g i rte 1zam.
2 . t22g i rtd lza’
i or g i rtz‘
lza i . tum gi rte 120 or gi rtz'
110.
3. wu/zg i r td Jrat or g i rtz‘
lzai . wu/zg i rte [ min or g i rti'
Iza in.
IMPER FECT. I was fall ing , e tc .m . f. m .
I . ma ing i rtd t/zd or g i rtz‘
t/zz‘
. 12am g i rte tlze ,
2 . 112gi rtd t/I d or g i rtz'
t/zz‘
. tum g i f te til e or g irti t/zi ri .3. wu/zg i rtd tlzd or g i r ti
‘
t/zz'
. wang i rte the or gi rtz'
t/zi r'
z.
Tenses of tbe Past Partz'
czple.
PA ST TEN SE . I tel l.
m . f. In .
I . ma ing i rd or g i r r. 12am g i re,2 . t i2g i rd or g i r l
"
. tum g i re or g i rz’
n.
3. 201212g i rd or g i r l”
. wall g i re or g i r in.
PERFECT. I have fal len .
m . f. m .
I . ma ingi rd [ 22272or g i r z'
122275. lzam gi re Iza in,
2 . h i g i rd Iza i or gi n“
lia i . tum g i re, g i rz‘
, no.
3. wait gird izai or gi n“
Izai . wulzg i re, g in“
, tra in.
VERB ‘T O BE
’
. 15
PLUPER FECT. I had fallen .
m . f. m .
I . ma ing i rd t/zd or g i re“
t/zz‘
. ham g i re the,2 . t22gi rd ind or gi rz
‘
t/zi . tum gi re the or g i r i th in3 wall g i rd t/zd or g i re
“
ti n“
. zen/zg i re the or g i r e"
t/zz‘
n.
14 .—The next i s a verb of very extens ive use i n the language
and conj ugated precisely l ike the preced ing .
H and , to be or becom e .ROOT , no, pres . part . lzotd , pas t par t . li d /d .
Tenses of ti nRoot.
AO R I ST I be , or shal l be , or should be , e tc .I . ma in lznn . 12am lion.
2 . tn Izo. tum 120.
3. wall 120. w i l l: Izon.
FUTURE. I shall or wi l l be , e tc .
ma innungd or -
g i . 12am nonge.
tzZ lzogd or -
g z‘
. tum koge or g z'
.
zouli lzogd or -
gz‘
. zen/znonge or -
g i‘
.
IMPERAT IVE . Let me be , e tc.ma in lzz2n. nanz li on.
tiZno. tnm no.
wu/zno. wnlz lion.
Tenses of the Present Par/iczple.
IN DE F IN I TE . H ad I been or (would that) I had been .
main I . Izam'
tzZ ll oi d or note" . 2 . man lzote o’
r lzotin.
wait 3. wnlz
PRE SEN T . I am or become .ma in lzotd or Izoti—lzdn. I . 12am note-na in.
tn lzotd or lzoti - lza i . 2 . tum lzote Or'
lioti -no.
zouli lzotd or lzoti -na i . 3. wee/z Izote or lzoti - lzain.
IMPERFECT . I was becom i ng .
main lzotd t/zd I . izani ote t/zetn or 2 . tum or102211 lzotz
‘
ti n"
. 3.
“wi th otz‘
th in.
16
I .
2 .
3.
5°
vERB‘To BE
’
, ET C .
Tenses of t12e Past Par/triple.
PA ST TEN SE . I was or became .I . 12am
1222,d or 2 . tum 1zz2
,e or 1222272.
3. 202212
PERFECT. I have been or become.main1222
,d or 12222 122222. I . 12am 1i z2
,e Iza in.
t221222,d or -12a2. 2 . tum 1222
,e or 12222 120 .
2022121222,
-d or 1222; -12a2'
. 3. 202212 1222,e or -12a i 2}.
PLU PERFEC'
I‘
. I had been or become.ma in 1222
,d tlzd I . 12am the
t22 or 2 . tum or202212 3. 202212 1222
“
MM .
15.— By the aid of the aori s t and future of the verb Izond we
are enabled to ad d four more tenses , i f requ ired , to all o therverbs . Thus , let us re-assume gi rnd , to fal l , where we have
I .
2 .
3.
I .
2 .
3.
Additional Tenses of t1ze Present Particzple.
IMPERFECT PO TENT IAL . I may be fal l ing , etc .maingi rtd or g i rtz
‘
122222. 12am gi rte 12022.
i z2gi rtd org i rtz'
120. tnnzgi rte or g i rtz'
120.
2112212g i rtd or g i rtz'
120.
IMPERFECT FUTURE . I shal l be fall i ng , etc .maing i rtd , etc . , 1222nga
'
, or 1zam g i rte 120nge, etc .gi rti
- li ang i‘
,etc . tnmgi rte Izoge or gi rti 120g2
'
.
t22gi rtd 120ga' or gi rti
‘
120g2'
. g i rte Izonge or g i ri i
202212gi rtd 120 org i rtz‘
1zog i .
Add itional Tenses of the Past Participle.
PERFECT PO TENT IAL . I may have fal len .
maingi rd or g i r i 122272, etc . 12am gi re 12072, e tc .tngi rd or gi r i 120. tum gzre or gi r i 120.
202212gi rd or gi r i 120. 202212gi re or gzr i‘
12022.
18 VERBAL EX PRE S S IO N S .so l ib/2nd , to wri te ; l ihhne-wald , the wri ter ; l ihhne-wd l z
‘
, the(female)wri ter. (2) There i s an i nd ecl i nable part i ciple , cal ledt he pas t conjunct ive , of very frequen t occurrence i n thelanguage , formed from the root ; and , ih
'
fact , the mere root ,wi thout any ad d i t i on , frequently suffices ; thus , bol , or bot-he, orbol -har , or bol—ha rhe, al l d enote having spohen . I n a sentencethi s parti ci ple saves the use of the conjunc ti on anr ,
‘and
'
;thus , i nstead of saying , he arose and spoke (20 2212 uthaanr bold ),the H industani id iom i s 202212 22th (or nth -he, etc . )bold , he havingar i sen spoke. (3) There i s a kind of ad verbial express ionform ed by changing the final td of the pre sen t part ic iple i ntote, and affixing the syllable h i : thus bol te-hz
‘
, on speaking , oron the instan t o f speaking . (4) I t i s worth whi le not i cinghere that imperat ives i n H industan i may be d ivid ed i ntoclasses presen t and future ; and agai n they may be ei thersingular , ord i nary plural , or respectful plural ‘
Presen t . Future .S i n gular. g i rnd or gi r iyo.
O rd i nary plural . gi rnd .
Respectful plural.The form g i riyo may be used as precat ive even i n the 3rdperson , mean ing ‘may
— fal l ’ , ‘would that— fal l ' ; and g i rna
may be used poli tely for the present , meaning please fal l '
G i r iyegd may also b e used pol i tely for the presen t. I n theform s gi r iyo and g i riye, if the ve rbal root end s i n e or yo and
ye are turned i n to jij'o and jiye ; as from p i nd , to d rink ,
p ijiyo and pz‘
jiye, and from lend , to take , l ijiyo and l ijiye.But from harnd , to d o , hijiyo and h ijiye, and from hond ,
t o be , 1222jiyo and h z2jiye are exception s to the rule . Thesingular form i s only used for the Dei ty , for ch i ld ren to showaffec t i on , and sometimes i n poetry the ord i nary plural i s usedi n ad d ress i ng men ial servan ts , common people , i nferi orrelat ions , e tc . wh ile the respectful plural i s used i n ad d ress ingsuperiors , equal s , and people of rank and posi tion .
b. We may further observe that the four ad d i t ional tenses(par. 15) are , comparat ively speaking , of rare occurrence ;therefore the s tud en t need not at fi rs t burd en h i s m emory wi ththem . Thus the really serviceable tenses wi l l be red uced to thesacred number n i ne ; and i t w i l l further ass i s t the memory t ov i ew them as thr i ce three ; viz. th ree ten ses from the rootthe aori s t , fu ture , and imperat ive ; three from the presen tparti c i ple— the ind efin i te , the presen t , and the im perfect ;lastly , three from the pas t part ici ple— th e pas t , th e perfect ,
PA SS IVE VO I CE . 19
and pluperfect. The tense called the i nd efini te , mainboltd ,
i s not always a presen t tense , but whether preced ed by a conj unction or not , has the sense of cond i t ional or optat i ve ; asagar main bol td , i f I had spoken : th e auxi l iary verb i n thepresen t and imperfect ten ses when om i t ted lead s to thei r be ingm i staken for the
“
cond i t i onal; I n negat i ve senses , however , theauxi l iary. verb had better be om i t ted as 202212 babh i
‘
nahz'
n d td ,
he never comes .I 7.
— The pass ive voice i s formed i n H indus tani by prefi xingthe pas t part i ciple to the var ious tenses of the word jd nd , to goand as th i s i s a verb of frequen t occurrence , not so much i nform ing the passi ve voice (which i s of very rare occurrence),but as a useful member i n the format i on of compound verbs ,we shal l here give i ts n ine useful tenses . The pas t par ti c ipleof jd nd i s gayd , being one of the very few i rregulari t ies whichoccur i n H indus tani verbs : the regular form jdyd i s used i ncertai n compound s only .IN F IN . jdnd , to go. RO OT , jd . PRE S . PART. jd td .
PA ST PART. gayd .
Tenses of the Root.
Aoris t . main I go or shal l go t22jd -e.
Future. mazn ;a,22n -
ga or -
g2‘
ts d -e-
gd or —g2'
, etc .Imperat ive. mazn jani n , t22jd ,
202212jd ,e.
Tenses of the Present Participle.
Ind efin i te. mainjd td orjd ti i z2jd td orjd tz‘
, etc .
Presen t . mainjd td orjd tz‘
hnn 122jd td orjd tz‘
hai , etc . ,
Imperfect . mainjd td thd orjd tz‘
the“
t22jd i d thd orjati th i , etc.
Tenses of the Past Participle.
Pas t . maingaya or ga,z‘
; t22gayd , etc.
Perfec t . maingayd had or ga,z‘
122222 t22gayd ha i , e tc.Pluperfect . ma ingayd thd or gee/2
”
th e“
i z2gayd thd , e tc.N ow, to form the pass ive vo ice of any ac t ive or transi t ive verbi n the language (when such a rari ty i s requi red ), we havemerely to in sert the pas t part ic iple of such verb immed iatelybefore the various tenses of jd nd . The part i ci ple m us t ofcourse agree wi th the nom i nat ive i n gend er and number , as i sthe case i n Lat i n and French . Thus dehhnd , to see , pas tpart ici ple dehhd , saw or seen ; the aoris t of the pass ive Vo i cew i l l be
20 PA SS IVE VO I CE .
ma in dehhd I shal l or should be seen .
t22 dehhd jd ,e, thou wi l t or would be seen .
muh dehhd yd e, he wi l l or would be seen .
12am dehhejdgh , we shal l or should be seen .
tum a’ehhejd p , you wil l or would be seen .
2022h dehhe they wi l l or would be seen .
When the nom inat ives are fem i n i ne , the part ic i ple wi ll becomedekh i
‘ throughout thus , 20u12 dehhz‘
ga,2‘
th i‘
, she had been seen202212 dehhz
‘
ga,2‘
th in, they (females) had been seen .I 8 .
— A nother verb of very frequent occurrence i s the act iveor transi t ive verb harnd , to d o or make. L i ke jd nd , i t formsi ts pas t par t ic i ple i rregularly , being hiyd (seld om hard , theregular form). A s i t hold s a very importan t rank in theformat ion of compound s , and at the same t ime serves to showa pecul iari ty i n transi t ive verb s wh ich wi l l be fully explai nedhereafter , we shall here subjoin i ts n ine useful tenses .INFIN . harnd , to do . ROOT , har. PRES . PART. hartd .
PA ST PART. hiyd .
Tenses (f the Root.
A oris t . ma in har d /2, t22hare , 202212 hare, etc .
Future . ma inharungd , t22haregd ,20uh barega, et c .
Imperfec t . mainharun. t22har , 202212 hare, etc .
Tenses of the -Present Particip le.
I nd efin i t e . mainhartd t22hartd , e tc .Presen t . main hari d h2222, t22hartd ha i , etc .
Imperfect . main hartd thd , t22hartd thd , etc.
Tenses of the P ast Particip/e.
Pas t . main-ne hiy d , t12-ne hiyd , us-ne hiya, e tc .
Perfec t . ma in-ne hiyd ha i , i zZ-ne hiyd ha i , e tc .
Pluperfect . main-ne hiyd thd , t22-ne hiya thd , e tc .a . The pecul iar i ty here , which appl ies to almost all trans i tiveverbs , i s , that i n the tenses of the pas t part i c i ple , we s ee whatought to be the nom i nat i ve changed i n to that form of theablat ive d enoti ng the agen t , i nd i cated by the par t i cle ne, by.
’
The verb then no longer agrees wi th the agen t , or what weshould cal l the nom i nat ive , but i s e i ther used i n the simpleform of the mascul ine si ngular as above , or agrees i n gend erand number wi th the obj ec t or thi ng done, as wi ll be shownmore fully in our remarks on syn tax or composi t ion .
ADVERBS— PRE PO S I T IO N S . 2 1
V I . ADVERBS .
19- In Hindus tani the ad verbs presen t few pecul iari ti es .
Mos t adj ect ives may be used ad verbially when occasionrequires ; as , 202212 aehehhd holtci haz, he speaks wel l . I t maybe proper to men t ion (p . 22)a series o f useful ad verbs . Some ofthe series (viz . 5 and 6) are ad j ec t ives as well as ad verbs .a . From the I st series we have o ther adverbs rend ered moreemphat i c by the ad d i t ion of thus , j us t now ;habhz
‘
,ever , sometimes , etc. From the and series , by
changing 2272i n to in; thus , ya/ n‘
n, exactly here : 122212272, whereabouts , somewhere , etc . From th e 4th , yen/2272, i n th i s veryway ; 20222212272, i n that very way , thereupon , at that very t im e ,exactly. The I st, 2nd , and 3rd series may be mod ified wi ththe pos tposi t ion se, from , and tab , unt i l ; as , ah-se, from thepresen t t ime ; t dn-tah , thus far ; 2
'
22’
12ar-se , from th is d i rec t ion ,e tc . N os . 5 and 6 are at t he same t ime ad j ec t ives subjec tto i nflect ion ; and we may
—ad d , i n conclusion , that whend ecl i nable ad j ect ives i n a“ are used ad verbially , they are employedi n the s imple or crud e form , that i s , the nom i nat ive s ingularmascul i ne .
The following ad verbs of t ime are very pcc’
ul iar : hat,to-morrow or yesterday ; parson, the day after to-morrow orthe day before yes terday ; 222227 5022, the th i rd day from th is ,pas t or to come . O fcourse the read er or hearer wi ll be able toperceive from the con text whether these word s refer to the pas tor future.
V I I . PREPOS ITION S.
— The Hindus tani d oes not , s trictly speak ing , posses s thatpar t of speech which we cal l a prepos i t ion ; the d eficiency ,however , i s amply suppl ied e ither by the pos tpos i tions alread yment ioned i n the d eclension of the N oun N o . 5 , or by employingcertain subs tant ives express ive of t ime , place , s i tuati on , etc .Such word s are (improperly) called
‘ compound postpos i t ion sa very absurd term ; for i t so happens that they are nei thercompounds nor postposi tions. They are ,
i n fact , subs tant ives inan obl i que case , hav ing a postpos i t ion general ly und erstood .
T he maj or i ty of them are mascul ine , and consequen tly requi rethe subs tan t ive wh i ch they govern to be put in the gen i t ive casewi th the postposi t ion he. This wi l l be eas ily und erstood bya few examples , thus , before the house
’
wi l l be expressed in
Hindustani ‘ i n fron t o f the house '
as , ghar he dge;or a’
gegharhe, where the word dge i s i tself i n the ablat ive or locat ive case ,
ADVERBS .22
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CO N JUNCTIO N S . 23
wed (in) be ing und ers tood . So ,1wi th the man
’ i s l i teral ly ‘i h
company of the man’
; as 22222221 he s22t/z, i . e . s22t/2 men.
These par t icles , generally in prose , follow the subs tant ive theygovern .
22. The followi n g prepositions are mascul ine , and requi re thegenitive ‘ in he ; viz. , dge , before (i . e . dge 2ne2i , i n front , from 2ig2i ,the front ); 2222212222 , w i t hi n (i e . i n the i nsid e o f ) ; 22152223 above ;b2i
'
z'
s, by reason (of) ; 62222252223 even wi th ; 522122221, wi thout (notw i th in ) ; hand after (t ime) , pzeh/ze, beh ind , i n the rear ; 62212,i n , among ; p2i 2 , over , across ; pd s , neat ; w i thout (i nwan t of) ; ta le, und er ; s222
‘12, wi th ; s222n/2ne, before ; sahah,
because (of); s2'
2022, except ; hane, near ; g i rd , around ‘
; le'
ye ,
for,on accoun t (of) ; 22222re, th rough ; 22222122h2h and 2n222022fi h ,
conformable (to), accord i ng (to ) gan’
,e bymeans (of); nazd z’
h ,
near ; n z'
e/ze, beneath ; 2022ste, for or for the sake of ; 1222112,th rough the med ium of. (Vta
’e H i nd . G ram . , p . 7 1 .
h. T he fol lowi ng are fem i n i ne and consequently t he nounwh ich they govern mus t have the gen i t i ve i n h2 ; viz , ha
’
hat,
concetning (i .e . on the subj ec t -
212at, on accouii t (of);hhd tzr ,
for the sake (of) ; 12222212, l ike (after the manner of) ;toward s , i n the d i rec t ion 22222
'
r ifat, th rough (the med iumof) : nz
’
shat, relative to ; from the report (of). Examples :22222221 h2
‘ for the sake of the man s/222122' h2‘
tawf, toward s(i n the d i rec t ion of) the c i ty .
2. A . few preposi t ions govern the gen i t ive wi th he or h i ,accord i ng as they preced e or fol low t he substant i ve ; t hus ,when the word 222222222221, d enot ing l ikeness , comes fi rs t , he i sused , and i f las t , he
"
; as , 22222n2°
n21 sher he, or sher h2 22222722'
n21,l ike a t iger. There are several o ther word s wh ich seem t ofollow the sam e rule , i ns tances of which occur i n the Bag/2 0
thus , he 22222222“
12222227 he, wi thout consen t of HerMaj esty .
(V2'
21e Hind . Gram . , p . 98 ,
21. The followi ng preposi t ion s are frequen tly to be met wi th ,
along Wi th word s and phrases from the A rabi c and Pers ian ,
which enter so frequently in to H i ndus tan i . Examples : 222,
from ; except ; 622, by,i n ; 522, wi th ; he , wi thou t ; ba r ,
on , i n ; 52122, wi thou t (no t possess i ng) ; da r , i n ;’
22122, Upon ;from ;
’
2'
n21, near f2'
,i n ; h22, l ike ; 12, to , for ; wi th
m in , from .
V I I I . ’
C O NJUN C TION S .
2 L — C onj unct ions and In terject ions i n H i n dus tan i offerpeculiari ty d i ffering from those
'
of other languages ;‘ hence i t
wil l suffi ce to subj oin a l i s t of the more useful o f each . The
24 I NTERJECT IO N S— N UMERAL S.conj unct ions i n par t icular , being of frequen t occurrence , ough tto be comm i tted t o m emory . The followi ng are among themost useful . aur , o, and ; j ,
o agar , i f ; agarehz’
al though ;warna (for 20a -
gar-na ), i f not ; ma nar ,
except ; 1eh2n ,20a-1eh2
’
22,
but ; ha lhz, moreover , nay , bes id es , on the con trary ; fa r ,but ,
yet ; h/z2, also , even ; to, pas , then , therefore ; h i , that , t hus , as ,
whether , or , etc . ; hy z222h2, because ; go(h2), al though ; goya"
, as ,
i f ; 222212222 to,otherwi se ; ha re/zana’, al though ,
however much ;hanae , yet , 1212202212, whether ;y22, ei ther , or , etc .
1x. INTERJEC TIO N S .
22 .—The followi ng l is t i nclud es the more common shd
'
hash
(shad -hash ), happiness or good luck to you 22fi r 2‘
n wel l d one !wond erful ! 2022124 02212 1 adm i rable ! kj'd hhzih ! how excellen t202212 j2
'
hyd -hat l2az'
what an affair — al l express ive ofadm i rat ion and encourag emen t , l ike b ravo ! well d one ! etc .But h22p re (0 father) as toni shing d read ful 1222, e 1222,e, 12222
—
12222,2022,e .
’ alas , alas ! alackaday ! woe's me ! hat chh i -ehh i ! tush ,pshaw, pish , fi e
,fie d zZr , 21221 ! avaun t express sorrow ,
con tempt , and avers ion . A 2, 0 ! oh re ! or are ! holla , you are
used i n cal l i ng at ten t ion— the las t two i n a d i srespectful wayre (m . ) or 22
“
(f. ) agrees i n gend er wi th the object of ad d ress ;as laund
’e re you boy ! launch
“ you gi rl
X . N UMERALS .
23.
—In Hindus tani the numerals are less regular than theyare i n m os t European languag es . Wi th us , when we know thefi rs t ten or twenty numbers , we have a key to the whole ; i nH industani i t i s neces sary to comm i t to memory al l the numbersup to 100 , which we accord i ngly here subjoin :
C ARD I NAL N UMBERS .13 terah
I 4 212a 2221a12
15pand’
rah
I 6 sofa/2
17 satrah
18 atth222171219 2222n 2
‘
s
20 hi s
2 1 z'
hhz‘
s
22 ha'
,2‘
s
23 te,2"
s
24 chanhz’
s
28 22221222[ i s29 222222
'
s
30 ti s
31 2222'
s or iéafl i s32 ba/fi s
33 2222‘
s or. tam fi s
34 clan / 2222’
s
35pa2'
2222‘
s
25 N UMERAL S .of men tal ari thmet i c , as the fol lowing s pecimen s wi ll show;thus
2220 or r/222222/2,or 1222201222 or 1222222222
212222221222} 52222222
221222} d ef/2
2221222}
The word 22222222 prefixed to a number d enotes one quarter22222222s the number as paune 220, 2— 1, or 12. The word sau'd
d enotes a quarter add ed ; as , sa 2222, 25 The word 5222122
d enotes a hal f ad d ed ; as ,s222
'122 2222, The word s (fer/2, xi ,and or 2212222 225, when used wi th col lect i ve numbers , as100 , e tc . , d enote mul t i pl i cat ion ; as , .
-sa22, I fix 100
or 130 ; so , 2% x
2. The H indus were the i nven tors o f the ten numericalci pher s or figures of ari thmet i c . From I nd ia the i nvent ionfound i ts way among the A rabs , and through these i t reachedEurope . The following are the th ree variet ie s o f the ten
ci phers :
European . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A rabian
H ind u Q i a a uée c q qo
These“ c i phers are employed from left to righ t , as amongourselves . Even the A rabs , who read from righ t to left , s t i l lwri te thei r numbers as we d o thus
1859 MN =q=tlQ
The following are the d ays. of the week i n U rdu and
H i nd i :U rdu. Hind i .
1220222‘ or yak-51222222622. 1220222:
P i r or -51222222222. 5 0222202223 somba’
r .
or si -slzamba .
Budd /2 or Budd/24 222222
j22222a'
2'
a2 or panj- slzamba . B2‘
2
'
1222spa2S1222kr20222'
.
5 222222122223 slzamba , or Il a/222. S lza222212a 2‘
.
SECT IO N I I .
O F SYNTAX , O R C OMPO S IT IO N O F SENTEN C ES ;Toge2122r 2222212 22 Series of [ Va /22212222
” P lzrases and
G ra222222a22'
2r21 E xerez'
ses .
L ESSO N 1 .
24 .—\N e have alread y ment ioned that ad j ec t ives general ly
preced e their substant ives , as i n Engl i sh . I f the ad j ec ti ve end sin any le t ter except 22 or a , i t i s , as i n Engl i sh , i nd ecl inab le.
Those end ing i n 22, i f purely Ind ian , wi l l change i nto 2 or 2,accord i ng to a simple rule. The term i nat ion 22 i s used beforea mascul ine no un only , and i n the nom i nat i ve case s ingular (orthe accusat i ve case , i f und er a nom i nat i ve form , Wt h i s ofvery frequen t occurrence , as we shal l soon see ). The term i nat ion 2 i s used before a subs tant ive mascul ine , i n any cases i ngular where a pos tposi t ion or in terj ec t ion i s used or und ers tood , or before any masculi ne in the plural number . Las tly
,
2 i s used always before a fem i n i ne noun . Thus , bard glzar ,
a large house ; ba2e g/2a 2 2222, of a large house ; pltir éare glzar ,
largeb
houses, 6am g/2a2022pa r , on the large houses . Agai n ,
122225 , a book , being fem i n i ne , we say , 52222 222222, a largebook
, bar2 222225 222222, i n a large book ; 22222 2222226222, largebooks , e tc . Ad j ect ives purely A rab i c , Pers ian ,
or Sanskri t ,end i ng i n 22, are no t necessar i ly subj ec t to any change orinflect ion , and i n the appl icat ion of such , pract ice must be themai n guid e .
a . I n l ike manner , the gen i t i ve case of a noun or pronoungeneral ly preced es the word whi ch governs i t ; and the
‘
use ofkei . 22, or 22 ; 222, re, or r2; 22222, 2222 , or 22r2;
‘
1222r22, 12a'
re,or
1222r2 and 2222, ne, or 222, i n the format ion of such gen i t ives , i sd eterm i ned by the same rule that regulates the 22, e , and 2 of thead j ect i ve . Hence
,i n H indus tan i , the appl icat ion of all
geni t i ves , nouns , and pronouns , i s prec isely that of thed ecl inable ”
ad ject i ve ; t hus , 222ara’222 i s used when the noun
b elonging to i t i s mascul ine,and i n the nom . case s i ngular ; as
22222ra’22262222, mara
’222g120r22, e tc . , the man 's son , horse , e tc .
When the word belonging to 222ara’ i s mascul ine , but not i n thenom . s ingular , or the s ing . acc . form wi thou t ko, then 122 mus tbe used as ,
2222222222 5222 ko, to the man ’s son 22222ra’be 522022
220, to the man 's sons . When the word belonging to mara’ i sfem i n ine , i n all cases 22 i s used ; as , mara' 12272222, the man
'swi fe ; mara
’
1222222be, to the man’s daughter .
28 SY NTA X .
5. I n i llus trat ion of the preced ing princi ples , which are reallyas s imple as they are important , we shal l here subjoin for thebenefi t of the stud en t a collect ion of phrases and exerc ises . I nord er not to at tem p t too much at fi rs t , we shal l confine ourselves to a l im i ted number of substant ives and ad j ect i ves .
Substant ives .Mascul ine . Fem i n i ne
mard , 22222222.
j2bdu2nd ,
l s/zau/zar ,
512222.5e222.
52221221222 12223222, -e.
1222222, - e.
ja'
nwar .
glzord ,-e.
222225
222122222.
22222.
Ad j ec ti ve s .
122212251222,-e.
-2. 22222
(for rat ional be ings as
( 51222122, -e,-2. wel l as animal s).
22a22/2a2, sha f i r , i gnorant ,bad ,
wicked 2_
/z2zr225 ,521222, -e,
-2.
great , large , 52 rd ,-e,
-2.
l i t tle , small , 212120222, -e,-2.
lazy , 5 2232.
wise(indecl . 22222222(for rat ional ugly , 522214 272212.
beings) 32222222jl22222r , [ 222512
2. To these we may prefix ,when requi red , the ad verbs 52212222,
much or very ; 22212221222 or {zad d -se 202222222, excessively as 52112222
222222222,
-e,- 2, very good . Thi s col lect ion o f subs tan t ives and
ad j ect i ves , together wi th the pronouns and the two auxi l iarytenses of the verb ‘ to be ’
, wi ll furn ish am ple materials for ourfi rs t essay on composi t i on . We shal l further l imi t ourselves toemploy the substant ives only i n the nom inat i ve and gen i t i vecases , s ingular and plural .d . I t i s need l es s to say that i n Engl i sh , when we use the verb
‘ to be i n making an assert ion , we put the nom inat ive fi rs t ,
hand some,
O F ADJECT IVE S AND SUBSTAN T IVE S . 29
then the verb , and lastly the th i ng asserted as , my father i swi se ‘ that man i s ignoran t. ’ In H indus tan i the rule i s , fi rs tthe nom i nat i ve , then the th ing asserted , and las t of all the verb ;thus , 2222222 522 22222222 ha i ,
‘my father wi se i s'
; 50 ,20222 2222222
2222-222222 25 2,‘ that man ignoran t i s . ’
e. T he stud en t must bear i n m i nd that the d emonstrat i vepronouns , th i s and these
,and 222222,
that and those , are
used wi th nouns in the nom i nat ive singular or plural and theybecome 2s and 22: respect ively when the noun i s in any ob l i quecase s ingular and 222 and 2222 ; when i t i s i n any obl ique casep lural.
EXAMPLE S .th is i s my brother , 32272 22zer22512222 12222.that i s your son , 222222222r225e2222222.these are thei r houses , 3222 22222e glzar 1222222
thi s i s my father's house
, 3222 mere 5222 g/zar 2212.
that i s your brother's horse , 202212 222222222273 52222 222 glzord2222,
th i s i s that man 's mother , y2/2 us mara’22 222222212222.
that i s your Si s ter , 2222212 2222221222r2 52222222 12222.
thy si s ter’ s hors e i s swi ft , 2er2'
52212222222(23120222tez
- rau lzaz’
.
th i s pen i s very good , y z‘
lz 222222222 522122222222222222222.
that i s a very good book , 202222 5222222aelze/z/zz“
222225 2222.
she i s a l i t tle woman , 2222212 2122022h is father. was a great man , 5227) 522222222222222222.
your si ster was very hand som e , 2222222222 52212222 52222222225222 222.my brother
's horses were ex mere 2e<glzore 2221222y2zt
tremely swi ft , tez tl2e.
the ir chi ld ren ’s books were very 22222e 22222022 22 22222522 5222222
good , a212222222222.
E xercise — I am that man ’s brother. This woman i s mybrother ’s daughter. That boy i s my bro ther
’s son . This i s mys i ster 's book. That man i s th i s boy 's father. These houses arevery lofty . That gi rl 's mother was very wi se. Your father 'shorse was very swi ft . My bro ther
’s chi ld ren are hand som e .My s i s ter
's d aughters are very good girl s . That man ’s brother 'swi fe was a very ignoran t woman .
’
That was a very hand somewoman . This boy i s very lazy. These gi rl s are very lazy .
These women were excessively ugly . The man ’s horses werevery smal l . They are very bad husband s . She i s a bad wi fe .They are very bad wives.
30 or COMPAR I SO N .
L E SSO N 2 .
25— 022 122 degrees of 2022222222502 . l n form i ng the com
parative and superlat ive d egree s of ad ject ives , the H indus tanii s somewhat d eficien t . When two obj ec ts are compared , thatwi th which the comparison i s mad e i s put i n the ablat ive case(so far l ike the Lat in ) ; but there i s no al terat ion mad e i n thead j ect ive thus , to express i n Hindus tani the phrase th i s housei s higher than that house they say 322 g2ar 12s g2a r 52 27222222
th i s house than tha t house (or compared wi th that house )i s h igh .
’
Sometimes , however , the ad verbs z ijd da or aur ,
d enoting ‘m ore ’
, are used as i n our own language , whi ch i scertai n ly an improvemen t as y i/zg2ar usg/zar 5 2 zz
’
ycid a 5221a2zd‘ th is house i s more lofty than that house. ’ To form the
superlat i ve d egree . they merely make a un iversal compari sonthus , t o expres s th i s house i s the h ighes t
’
, they say y 2'
2g2ar 5 225
52 2222222“
2a2’
,
‘ thi s house i s h igher than all .’
But some times ,when the th ing referred to i s not known to the speaker , thesuperlat i ve d egree i s mad e by repea t i ng the ad j ect ive and
placing the postpos i t ion 52 between ; as a222e 52 2222222 222221
212221220, show me the bes t s tuff. Sometimes , to express ani n tens ive d egree , the adj ect ive i s repea ted ; as ta
'
za ta'
za 2221212,
qui te fresh m i lk. Thi s wi l l put the read er i n m i nd of our owns imple bal lad s , where we meet wi th such expressions as the redred rose the d eep d eep sea ’
, e tc .EXAMPLE S .
the elephan t i s larger than the 222256020224 2 52222220222
horse ,the fox i s smaller than the dog , 1022222
“
2221224 2 2220222022‘
the horses are swi fter than the 20222 g202'
2 2222200224 2 fez-m a
elephan ts , 222222.
the elephan t i s the larges t 222222“ 5 4 5 jcinwarofi -re 5a r2i
animal of al l ,the elephan t , the horse , and 2222235020222 5225
the d og are wi ser than al l ja’
rzwarofi 52 22252yd r 2022
o ther an imals , 2222.
E xer ci se -The cow i s more lazy than the horse . These men
are more wi cked than d ogs . The boys are more ignoran t thanthe gi rls . The horses and t he d ogs are hand somer than theelephants . My pen i s be t ter than your pen . This boy i s wi serthan that boy. My father
's horse i s swi fter than your brother's\Vhen general assertion is mad e
,the Engl ish ‘is
’ is translated by12222
'
or 2012‘
2a 2’
; and otherwise by
O F I NTERRO GAT IVE S. 31
mare. Our. d ogs are swi fter than your horses . The men are
worse than the women . The fox i s wi ser than the d og. Thi spen i s the worst of all (worse than all ). This woman i s thehand somest of all (more hand some than all). That girl wasmuch wi ser than her mother. She was the wi ses t of al l thegirl s (wi ser than al l the gi rl s).
L ESSO N 3.
26.—W e shall now proceed to the format ion of i n terrogat ive
sen tences,i n trod ucing at the same t ime a few ad d i t ional ad verbs
and adj ect i ves , together wi th the var ious tenses of the verb 202222“
(par. to be , and some of the numeral s .a . I n ask ing a quest ion , the H industani d oes no t , l ike the
Engli sh,i nvert the word s and the tone of the voice alone
marks the interrogation . There are , however , a few i n terrogat iveword s . such as 2222222, who 2ya
'
, what ? 22222522, where ? etc . , theuse of which cannot be m i s taken ; and al l such in terrogat iveword s,when used , are reserved so as to come before the verbat the end . When a sen tence con tai n s no such i nterrogat iveword , the word or dyd i s used at the beginn ing , l ike the 2222or 222 222 of the Lat in , as . 2y22y 2
'
2 2222222272 22122222 2222'
27 i s th isyour pen This word 2y2i , however , i s no t absolutely necessaryi n speaking , as the tone of the voice i s qui te suffi cien t to ind icatei n terrogat ion .
EXAMPLE S .who i s that man ? 20222 22252222
“
2222222 2222'
who i s th i s woman ? y 2‘
2’
2222rat 2az22z 2222"
who are these boys ? 3222 122222 2222222 25 222
who are those girls ? 20222 [ 22222232222222 222: 221222
whose house i s thi s ? 3222 225222g222r 2a 2‘
2’
whose ch i ld ren are these ? y 2'
2 22322 1222222 2212222?
whose books are these y 2'
2 222252222222222?
whose daughter i s she ? 20222 22'
s22‘
5222“
2222'
where i s my father ? 222222
22“
52222222222222 2'
i?
where i s hi s brother ? 22522252222“
222222222222'
1?
where are your father's horses ? 2222222212222 22 22222222
222222i?
where are my brother’s ch i l were 5227 22 lar202222
‘
222225222
d ren ’s books ? 222222222222225’
where may be that man’s 223 2222221122
”
22222222£g2or i 22222222
mother ’s mare ?i s th i s your house ? 3222 2222222222212g2ar or
y2'
2 222222222222g2a2' 22zz
'
32 O F I NTRAN S I T IVE VERBS.was that my father
's horse ? 2y 22, 20222 were 5222 222 3720222
22222
may th is be my si s ter’s table ? 2122, 3222 222222 522222222
“
22222 2222
how many pens w i l l there be ? 222222 22212222 2022ge
what- l ike books wi l l they be ? 2a2’
s2’
22222522 202g2
E xercise — Where i s your bro ther ? Where i s th i s man 'smother ? W' hose son are you ? Whose horses are these ? H ow
many houses are there ? What sort O f book i s th i s ? I s thatyour si s ter 's tab le ? I s th i s pen yours ? Where had you beenyesterday ? Where w i l l these child ren be to -morrow ? Whenw i ll you be at home (i n the house)? W as your father at homeyesterd ay ? W i l l your b ro ther he at home to-morrow ? Weremy two books on the table yes terday ? Where are h is four sonsH ave hi s th ree d augh ters b een at hom e ? Were there sevenhorses there yesterday Will there be eigh t men i n the houseth ree days hence ? ‘N ere there five or six d ogs there two d aysago ? What i s th i s th ing ? W hat an imals are these ? I s thatan imal a horse or a cow ?
L ESSO N 427 .
— VVe shal l next i n trod uce a new l i s t of subs tant ives,
t ogether wi th a few i n trans i t ive verbs conj ugated l ike(par. 13) at the same t ime we shal l employ al l the cases of thesubs tan ti ves and several Of the. relat ive nouns or prepos it ionsm en t ioned i n par. 20 . The sen tences wi l l now be lengthened ,
but they w i l l presen t no d i fficul ty to a s tud en t of mod erateat tent ion and capac i ty .
d ay ,2122 (m . ) nigh t , 2222 (f. )
c i ty,
slza/zr (m . ) a boat , 2222o (f )r iver , d ary22 m . ) a tree , da ra22t (mm )fores t
, janga l (m . ) a road , 2222 (f.a plai n , 2222 2222222 (m . fru i t , 22222022, 152221(m .
water , pdm‘
(m . bi rd , par22222’
(m 22222°
y22 (f )fi sh
,m ac/2212
“
(f ) name , 2222222 (m .
s treet , 2272222,
-2 (m . ) people; 1225r
I nt ransi t ive Verbs .to stay , dwell , 22222ar2z22, 22222122 i to flow , 5222- 2222
to come,
22-2222 to proceed ,age 522r22222to go
, 122-2222
,22a l -rta ad vance ,
to run , 217222224 222 to retreat , fal l back , 2222- 2222
to slee p , 30—2222 to S it d own , 52 222- 2222
t o arrive , [0222222224 222 to re turn , p22}-2i 2z2i
to d ie , mar -2222(pas t p . 222222 )
34 O F TRAN S I T IVE VERBS .nom i nat i ve or agen t , then the obj ect , and las tly the verb butthi s rule i s frequently d eparted from , especial ly i n poetry .
The nom i nat ive and obj ect may , of course , be much more complex than i n the foregoing sen tence ; thus , ‘ the t iger of theforest eat s the flesh of all other an imals — j4 22g2zl 222 slzer a z2r
sabja‘
nwarofl 222gas/22 2222222 12222. I n languages wi th regularcases , l ike the L at in , the object i s pu t i n the accusat i ve case ,which has generally a term inat ion d ifferen t from the nom i nat ive . I n Engl ish always , and i n H indus tani generally , theaccusat ive i s the same as the nom i nat i ve , and i s to be d eterm ined m erely by i nference or pos i t ion . There are , however , i nH ind fi stani , i ns tances i n which i t i s necessary to d i s t ingui sh theobj ec t w i th the ad d i t ion of th e post pos i t ion 20, wh ich , thoughnot reduced to a certai n rule or principle by grammarians ,form s one of the n icet ies of the language . O f th i s we shal lt reat i n ou r next lesson . I n the meanwhile we shal l proceed toour lesson on trans i t i ve verbs , which govern merely the simpleor nom i nat i ve form of the obj ec t
, as i n Engl i sh .
Substan t ives .22222 (f. ) m i lk ,
2224 22124 22 (m . ) r i ce (boiled )524 222 (f. plate ,
21222 (f. Spoon ,
2222512222 sugar ,12222222
“
(f. sugar-cand y ,2124 2222 (m . ) 1 ttc/2/222r2 (f. )
a e er ,24 22222 m . ) news ;gas/22 m . )
Adj ec t i ves .clean
gar22z pure ,222221222 read y ,Transi t ive Verbs .
to swim , p4 2'
r -2222* to learn ,
to bring , 1222222 to give,
to make (prepare), 64 22222222 t o say , tell ,t o eat , t o see , look ,to d rink , p i 2z22 to hear ,t o make , d o , 24 22222 to s trike .to place , put , 2222122222 to read ,
to take away , 127222222 to wri te .t o cal l , 2221222222 to take
,
In H industani 1522222252, intransi tive.
21222212 m .
2222 m .
22254 22 m .
2124 2222124 m .
22222222“ f. )
224 22 m . )t
vvvv
OF TRAN S I T IVE VER BS . 35
EXAMPLE S .he
'
i s bringing bread , 202212 2022“
122222
we dri nk water , [ 24 22 2222222222 24 222.they d ri nk wine , 202212 3124 7 2222222 124 222.mybrother will d rink cold pure 22227 22 212224
“
2124 222222 s2if 24 222“
-water ,make tea, 21222
bring a spoon , 2124 2222124
give me some meat , 22222j/2 20 22221212gar/22do.
bring a kni fe and fork , 22 2222222"
222222221220.
make breakfas t ready , 12222222“
24 2°
y222‘ 24 7 0.
bring a clean plate , g22f 6225 4 22 l22,0.
whenWill you get d i nner ready? 2222222224 224 232222 24 20232 2wi ll you d ri nk wine 222222 5124 2242 p ipge .
5’
what wi l l you eat ? 222222 2y22212220222
Exercise —Do you eat any frui t Bring me some tea , sugar ,and m i lk. Put a kn ife and fork on the table for my father ;C ool (make cold ) some wi ne for us . Prepare d inner for sixpeople. Y ou wi l l br ing
‘us some rice and m i lk Wil l you giveme. some wi ne a nd some cold water , that I may d r i nk DO
you d rink.tea ? -Wi l l your b rother d r i nk wi ne ? Bring us .
three knives ,_
three forks , three Spoons , and th ree clean plates .He read s very good books ? He wri tes a let ter t o me
_
everyday. She was wri t ing let ters when I came to her house.He hears good news of him . We were read i ng thei r le t terswhen they arr ived . Tel l us all the news of the c i ty. I wi l ltell you the news of the ci ty when I return . G i ve us somebread and but'ter.
L ESSO N 6.
29 .—When the obj ect of a transi t ive verb i s d efini te or
specific , as a general rule , the postpos i tion 20 i s ad d ed ; forexample , the phrase 2222222 s ignifies" bring a kni fe ’ buti f we wi sh to say bring the kn i fe we ad d the postposi t ion 20 ;thus , 2222222220 120.
EXAMPLE S .‘put the water on the table , 222222
”
22222par 7 4 220.
take away the sugar , 522224 2 127220
give me the wi ne , 2124 2222 222221722 do.
clean (make clean ) the plate , is 24 54 22-20 s22f 24 2'
0.
cool the water , 25 2222221 20 2124 22422"
24 20.
E xerci sa— The dog i s d ri nking the m i lk . They were putt ingthe water on the table. Who has taken away the sugar. H e
36 or TRAN S I T IVE vERBs.
i s cleaning the plate. They are cooling t he water. Take awaythe meat and put the wi ne on the tab le . Put the water near me
on th i s table . T he d ogs w i l l d ri nk the water. Bea t (or s tr ike)that id le boy. H e was eat ing the sugar and d ri nking the wi ne .I shall see h im to-morrow. We shal l see them to-day i n theci ty. I f they see us here they w i ll beat us very much . We shal lnot see that man i f we remai n in th i s house.
LESSO N 7 .
3o.— When we have occas ion to use a t ransi t i ve verb i n any
tense formed from the pas t part i c i ple , the nom inat ive of thesen tence assumes the case of the agen t (a ide par. 8) wi th thepart i cle 220. The ve rb then agrees i n gend er and number wi ththe object , or what i n Lat i n would be the accusat i ve case thus ,‘ the man wrote a le tter ,
’
must be 22212222”
220 02 212222122l i terally , by the man a let ter a
_
viro epis tolascripta So far th e construct ion agrees exactly w i t h theL at i n pas s ive voice ; we must remark , however , that i f i t i snecessary to rend er the obj ect of the sentence very d efini te , andconsequently to ad d to i t the part i cle 20 , the verb must be usedalways i n the form of the 3rd person s ingular mascul ine °
as ,
the man ki lled the t iger ,’
2224 221 220 5202' 20 ”2422-4414 ; 5 0 , th eboy has s truck the girl ,
’
wi ll be [ 4 220 220 14 r2i -20 22222122 124 2.
( V2‘
4’
0 Hind . G ram . , p . 103
EXAMPLES .he has placed good food upon 225 220 21222224
‘
mez pa rthe table , 124 2.
she has mad e tea ,as 220 222224 22022
“
24 2.
my father has d runk all the 222020 220 54 5 5124 2222 p i Z2“
wi ne , 124 2.0
we d rank cold water , 124 222 220 2124 222234“
2222222232211who has eaten the rice ? 212222225 210 222yd
he cal led al l the servan ts i nto 225 220 5 4 2224 u24 r0222057112” 222022
the house ,we had given very good bread 24 222~ 220 24 2222 2022
to the men . 4 4 9220202220the women ate bread and d rank ’
4 22r4 2‘022220 4 222147224712
m i lk , piy ci .
[ N ora — For any new word t hat may henceforth occur , consul tthe G eneral Vocabulary , Part I I .]
Ex ercise. Have you learned the H industani language ?I hav e read a few
_ pages Have you seen the ci ty of C alcutta ?
.USE OF sakna AND chukna. 37
You have mad e the voyage of the sea , what "
wond ers d id yousee there ? I may saywhat one Of the sages said ,
‘The wond erthat I saw on the sea was thi s , that I came safe to land .
’
H ow much money have your friend s given you ? My fathergave me an ord er for one thousand rupees . H ow much d id yougive t o the man ? H ow many rupees d id he d emand of you ?He d emand ed ten rupees , and I gave him th ree rupees and
a hal f. Have you prepared breakfas t ? Have you prepareda good d inner for two people ? Have you put the bread onthe table ?
L E SSO N 8 .
31 .-The subj ect of th is lesson wi l l be the pecul iar appl i cat ion
of two useful verbs , viz. 5 4 22222, to be able (to can), and 22222222 ,
to have d one ‘
or fin ished . When these have occasion to governanother verb ,
the lat ter i s used , no t i n the i nfin i t ive (as wi th us),but i n the root , which i s always placed fi rs t ; and the twotogether thus form a sor t of compound verb.
EXAMPLES .he can (or i s able to) speak our 2022 24 2224 22 24 22222 2025 4 2222
language , 2222.
are you ab le to read mywri t ing ? 222222 2220222122222154 22-5 4 220 20 2
no one wi ll be able to read th i s 22222222220 224
but yoursel f, 154 22
-5 d 2eg2i .
he can speak a l i t t le Engl i sh ? 4 0222 24 222-24 222 (or 220222
24 2222) 4 23220222014 4 2222202.they have d one eat ing ? 20222 22222 22220 24 22.
have you d one wri ti ng ? 222222 22222 22220 20
they had d one read i ng when j4 2 20222
I arrived -there, 24 2
22-02220 220.
E xercise.— When he had d one wri t ing the let ter , then I came
away from th e house. When you come shal l come) hereto-morrow, I shal l have d one read ing the book . C an you swimacross th i s r i ver ? I cannot swim at all , but my brother i s an
excellen t swimmer . So great was the darkness that I could no tsee anything. The ruler of th is v il lage canno t speak Engl i sh ,
but he can speak Hindustani well . I hope I shal l be able- tolear n the language of this country i n the space of six m onths .
L E SSO N 9 .
32 .—The verbs
’
lagnd ,s ign i fying to begi n , (202222, to grant
perm i ss ion or al low, and 24 2222, to get perm i ssion or beallowed , govern the infin i t i ve Of another verb i n the i nflecteds tat e , that i s , -220 i nstead of 4 222, as Wi l l be seen i n the followi ng
38 USE O F lagna AND chahna.
sentences . \Ve may not ice here a wel l-known pecul iar i ty i nH i ndustani in the use of the conjunct i ve par ti ci ple ; asjd -24 2 ,
122-20, e tc .
, hav ing gone . I t serves to throw two or more shortsentences i n to one ; thus , ‘
Go to my room , and bring me
quickly my sword ,
’
222020 24 2224 20 222022j2i -24 2 222022“
24 120222 ja ld z‘
(V24 0 par 16 ,
EXAMPLE S .he rose and began to say , 20 222 2222-2222 24 22 0 laga
’
.
they began to read , 72222224 22222 12 9 .
you began to eat , 222222 2222220- lag0.
he allows them to come in to 2022 222220 5224 2 222022 22220-22024
the house , 24 2.
le t him go , u520j4’
220
he i s al lowed t o come, 20222 22220-
222222222.he wi l l al low us to d o what we 10 222222 c2222022g0, 50 2012222222220
l ike , 24 2220-2l’egci ,
E xe222'
50.—H e sat d own and began to tel l th i s s tory. O ne
man began to say , I Shall no t be able to eat th i s bread . A notherbegan to say , I w i ll not al low the ch i ld ren to read these books .H e wi l l give you leave to walk i n thi s beau ti ful gard en everyd ay . The Honourab le C ompany (K awpaw
'
8 4 22222222) wi l lal low me t o go to England for the space o f th ree years and six
m on ths . My father i s al lowed to go to C alcut ta on accoun t Oft ransacti ng (making) busi ness . G O to my b rother
's house ,presen t to him my compl imen ts , and bring home my sad d le .S tri p off your clothes
,swim across th i s r iver , and bring the boat
to thi s s id e .L E S SO N 10 .
33— The verbs 22222224 to be about (to do), and 24 22222, i n the
sense of ‘ to make a pract i ce of' , to be i n the hab i t of'
, governthe pas t part i c iple o f another verb ,
i nstead of the i nfini ti ve .
The par ti c iple so governed i s always i n the s imple form of thes ingular masculi ne i n 22.
EXAMPLES .he i s i n the habi t of read i ng 2022 24 2 5 2222 20 24 2222
2 24 2221"
every morning ,
he is i n the hab i t o f wr it ing 20222 24 2 202 222222 [ 22222-24 222
someth ing every d ay ,
he used always to give (make) 20222 24 22 0524 52dg2'
24'20
’
y z’
lz
th i s i njunct ion to the scholar , 222222222322-24 224”
2222.
he i s about to come here , 20222)24 24222221
2220222222224 2.
th iswork is about to be fini shed , 3222 222222 4 2 2222 2222224”
24 2.
O F INTEN S IVE VERBS . 39
But 222222222, mean ing ‘ to wi sh ’
,
‘ to d es i re i s preced ed byan uninflec ted i nfini t ive , as , I wi sh to learn the Persian’ lang
-uage ,
22222222F 2225 2'
24 22222 52222222 0222222222222.
We may here observe that the form 222222'
ye of the verb( 2222 22 is frequently used impersonally , l ike the Lat i n ‘d ecet
’
;‘O portet
’
,or the French ‘
il faut ’ , as 224'
22'
y 0 22’
222222j2i ,0 , youmust go ,
“or i t i s necessary that you go . This form of 22222222 i sgeneral ly followed by the aori s t , as i n the preced ing example ,but i t may also be preced ed by an uninflected infini ti ve , as 0 22025222224
“
222222320, i t i s proper (necessary or d esi rable) to learn goodmanners .But 2102222 222222320 means
‘ let me (or us) see’
, and not ‘we
must seeE 2 0222
'
50.
— I am accustom ed every d ay to ri se at the dawn .
He i s i n the habi t of d i n ing every day at two O’clock . We make
i t a pract i ce t o read three hours every morn ing. I wi sh verymuclr to lear n the language of thi s country . Do you wi sh toread th is book ? I t i s necessary to learn the Pers ian languagein ord er to speak and und ers tand well the H i ndustan i . I t i sd esi rable to know the language of the coun try i n whi ch you aredwelling .
LE SSO N rr.
34 .
—The Hindustani abound s i n a species of compoundverbs . the forces ofwh ich are too numerous to be m entioned inthi s li t tle book . A verb i s rendered i n tensive by em ployi ngonly i ts root , to which some other verb i s subj oi ned . The rootof the princ ipal verb con ti nues invar iable , and the subjoined orauxi l iary verb i s fully conjugated i n the usual way th
’
us ,22222222 ,
to beat , becomes in tensi ve by ad d i ng to i ts root the verbwhereby 2222224 222222 s ign ifies ‘ to ki ll d ownrigh t so 222222202222;to throw d own ; 201 22222222, to Speak out ; 2 224 27222222, to d ie24 522 24 22222, to si t d own ; to lose ; 202-2202222. to b reakto pieces , to smash . A l though almos t every verb may thus berend ered i ntens ive , yet i t i s impossible to give any rule respec ti ngthe servi le or second verb , which i s usual ly em ployed for thatpurpose. The only course left for the s tud en t to pursue i scarefully to ob serve the usage of the best authors , and wheneverhe meets wi th an i n tensive verb le t him end eavour‘ t o rememberit, h is need less to ad d t hat the servi le verb of an i n tens ive hasfor the time laid as id e i ts own prim i t i ve meaning .
40 O F i NT EN srvE vERBs .
who killed that man ?
he has placed all the th ings onthe tab le ,
lay my watch on the shelf,they have eaten up all thed i nner
,
wri te a let ter for me , 222022“
02 222222“
1222-220.
he has cut d own al l the t rees 225 220 242522 20 5 4 2 224 24 2222222ih the gard en ,E x0222
'
50.— Put all the th ings on the table . That man has
killed my companion . H as he wr i t ten out the two let ters , asI told him ? The king said to the sold ier , ‘
C ut off thi s man ’ shead i n my presence.
’ Throw out the water from th is basin .
They al l spoke out , saying , We w il l not s i t d own in your houseunless you make an apology for th is cond uct . ’ His father ,mother , brothers , and s i s ters have all d i ed . The goat hassmashed the looking-glass wi th h i s horns . He has los t a greatsum of money (very many rupees ) i n gambl ing. You wi ll s i td own in thi s room un t i l I re turn from the king's aud ience
The d og has eaten up the whole of the butter .Who has cut d own that fine t ree ?
L E S SO N 12 .
35.— O f the use of the possess ive ad jec ti ve pronoun 42- 2222.
When the nom i nat ive or agen t O f a sen tence i s followed i nthe sam e clause by a possess ive pronoun belonging to i t self,such possessive i s i n H indus tani rend ered by 422222, -220,
never by the possess i ves,2220222
, 222020, e tc .EXAMPLE S .
I read my book ,
thou read es t thy book ,he read s h is (own) book ,
she read s her (own) book ,
we have seen our father ,have you wri t ten your let ter ?the gold sm i th and carpenterwen t to thei r (own) ci ty ,
the women feed thei r (own)’
4 2224 2022 42220 24 22212022 20
ch i ld ren , 222122“
1223222.
N .B.— I f in the above examples the word s ‘h i s ’
,
‘ her ’
, orthei r ’ refer 2202 to the nom i nat ives , but t o somebod y else , thenthey must be expressed by or 225 etc .
EXAMPLE S .h is 710 as d a
’m i 00 wri n gi d la
'
m 770 M b c/zi z072 feo 77702 far7
‘
a/E/z-d zj'ci lzaz.
77107'
1'
g/mfl Mkpar raé/z-a’o.
wu/z 500Mam a Hui -gay .
7770 770 0pm“
kz’
ta’
bpar/l td lzzm.
tzZ 0pm“
ki ta’
bpar/2m“
170 1.
207112 0pm”
ki td bpay/l i d l mz.
wu/z 01pm“
kz'
fa’
bpag'lzfz
‘
lzaz'
.
120 777 770 apne 007) 170 dek/za’
lza i .
tum 770 apn i c/zi tt/zz‘
l i b/z? [ 20 7°
.5‘
szm d r aur bar/70,7“
(215770 s/za/zr
42 USE O F T H E PRONOUN ap .
mysel f. I t may also be used i n the same sense wi thou t thepersonal pronoun as , he h imself wi l l go ; cip d ,
e77ge,we wi ll com e ourselves . The word 770, however , i s frequen tlyem ployed i n a very d i fferen t sense , l ike our terms ‘ you
,s i r '
,
‘ your honour ’ , ‘ your worsh ip '
,
‘ hi s honour ’
,
‘h is worshi p ’
,
etc . , and the verb i n such cases agrees wi th i t i n the 3rd personplural . The word s sci /770
,mas ter , monsieur , and [ 70070 7 or
0777 7773 your h ighness , and ja 777i0- 7’
7i l z‘
, your maj es ty , are usedi n a s im i lar manner when a person i s ad d ress ing ,
or speakingof, hi s superior i n rank , or as a m ere matter of pol i teness , bys trangers O f rank and respectabil i ty , when ad d ress ing eachother.
EXAMPLES .I shal l see him mysel f, 7770777 zip 77500 7700777277500.
wi l l she herself come 0y ci 707717 a"
; ci,0g i
wi l l you come yoursel f to 077! cip ciloge f?
morrow?wi l l you , s i r , come to -morrow ? cf? 00 ! 77,077g0how i s the heal th of your 777 077 7777zcij0777
'
5ci 007
honour ?wi l l you , s i r, d ri nk any wi ne ? 07771717 51777 7001573
707730
may i t please mons ieur to s i t 0777717730 sci /770.
d own ,how i s the heal th of your 12770727 077
"
7777zcij-7 5077e 007577
h ighness 0777?
Ex0r7 7'
50.— I am going there m ysel f th i s very d ay. Will
you come yoursel f to -morrow ? I f he h imsel f cannot gi ve themoney , perhaps h i s brother w il l be able to ad vance i t for h im .
We d o not wi sh to appear ourselves i n thi s business. I amyour worsh i p
’s fai thful slave . I have sough t for the ch i ld i nyour honour 's gard en . Your worshi p 's (mas ter
's) d i nner i sread y. Mas ter 's palk i (vulg. palanqui n) i s now at the d oor.You
.s ir
, are my father and mo ther ; there i s no one i n theworld ,
except your honour , who wi l l ass i s t your poor m i serab leslave . Where i s the nat i ve country of th i s gentleman ? Willyour maj es ty rid e on the whi te elephant to-day ?
L E SSO N 15.
38.—U se of the Infini t ive.
The i nfini t ive , o r verbal noun , i n H ind ii stani , is applied i na varie ty O fways d ifferen t from what i t 1s m Engl i sh or Lat in .
(1) I n the fi rs t place i t i s used , l ike the Lat in gerund , to express
USE OF T H E IN F IN I T IVE , ET C . 43
O bl igat ion thus , 777777-00 7077170 771777777 170gci or 150 705777, you mus t(or wi l l have to) go there. (2 ) I t i s somet im es used as an
i nj unct ive ; thus , 77001777771 look ! 177750c 70177777 ! take care !00 7277 0050 777 770 017777777, swear not at al l . (3) I t i s used as
a future imperat i ve ; as fl a i r , magar 10177 7077005 77770 ,
well ,’
you may go , but com e back soon . (4) I t i s also used as
presen t poli te i nfini t i ve ; as 70 70 707717 077770 777771770 7707777, le tme have that book , please. (5) The i nflec ted form of thei nfini t ive , followed by 077, 00, or 07, is used , l ike the L at i npart i c iple i n ‘ turus ' to express a future i n tent ion , as 7770 7 77
77017777 777770-0ci ,‘ non sum iturus ,
’ I wi l l 7707 go , 7 07717 77017777
17017770 07, She d oes not i n tend to wri te . For a ful l account ofthe var ious uses O f the infini t i ve , 777770 Hind . G ram . , p . 129.
EXAMPLE S .you must go home , 777 77700
(gr/7077 [ 777777 170gci .
I must buy a good horse , 00 0 717717170<731707 0
“
Q0
d o no t comm i t such folly , 075 7 00- 7077077f7 770d o not go to that country , 775 777 7710 777077 770jci 7777.I do not now i n tend to go to 00 7770 777 [ 7 7777 (777077) 77017777
Pers ia, jci 770—0ci .
Ex0r7 7'
50.—We must not do ev i l to the end that good may
resul t . That wound ed sold ier must not eat so m uch frui t .You must read three pages o f thi s book every d ay. DO no tSpeak more non sense . N ever st r ike your horse on the head .
DO not st rike your d og i n that manner. DO not d ri nk any ofthe foul water of tha t r iver. When do you i n tend going toEurope ? He is about to travel i n Pers ia (F ci rs), A rabiaand Turkey She d oes not mean to remai n i n thi scountry after the cold season . The Offi cers d o no t in tend togo to the tiger-hunt .
LESSON 16.
39 .
— U se Of the Relat ive and C orrelat i ve.S tric tly speaking , the H ind fi stani language d oes not possess
a relat ive pronoun correspond ing to the L at i n 0777, 07770, 077077,‘
O r to our ‘who
’
,
‘which ’
, and ‘ that '. For example , 7777 5 07 77
0777 p0 7770 100777777 7 , the man i s wi se who Speaks l i t tle , i s expressed in H indfi stani as follows : jo 500g ; 170 7 50 (or707717)00 777 001777 17777 ; l i terally , ‘whatever man i s wi se , the same
s peaks li tt le .
’ Here the word 70 i s called the 7 010 77770, and 50
the 707 7 01077770. We need not here enter on an elaborate
44 O N O R I ENTAL PH RA SEO LO GY .
d escrip t ion of thi s pecul iar i ty of the language , both‘
as regard srelat ives and correlat i ves i n general , which wi l l be much be tterund erstood by the followi ng.
EXAMPLE S .that wh i ch you say i s al l t rue , jo 777777001770 50050 70 00 7.
speak plai n ly whatever comes jo 0177170 07 777 7770777 0 7771 777077
i n to your m i nd ,50 scif0000.
the man whom you saw i n jz'
s 51700175 -00 70 70 - 770 001 s0a0r
the ci ty yes terday d ied th i s 777077 7700077 71777, 50*cijfajr 00
m orn ing , 7770 739 70 77.
t he le t ter which you wro te to j0 70777177 777 777-770 170177
me has not arr ived ,7177, 5 0 7700777
where there i s a rose , there i s [ 017077£ 77100 7. 70017077 017777 007al so a thorn , 170 7.
as you act, so wi l l you ex j777'
5 77 0777'
0g0, 70075 77
peri ence ,
wherever you go . th i ther wi l l j7'
c7170 7‘ 717777 7777170 7' 7770 777
I also go ,as the mas ter , so wi l l be the j777577 77577777 00gci 700 750 07 s1777
scholars ,Ex07
'
7 7'
50.— That very fool i sh y oung man has los t i n play al l
the money that h i s father had given h im when he left home .They broke to pieces al l the furn i ture wh ich they found i n the
people ’ s houses . The king highly approved of the horses whichyou sen t to h im las t year from
'
A rabia. Why have you notd one what I told you ? The Offi cer reward ed the sold ier whosaved h is l i fe . Have you mad e a copy of the peti t ion whichthe vi llag ers brough t to me yesterday A t th e root of the verytree und er which you are now s tand ing there i s buried a pot fulO f0 5177
'
0f7‘
5 . The servan t whom you recommend ed to me i sa great rascal .
L E S SO N 17 .
4o.
— O u O r iental Phraseology.
The phraseology of the Eas tern languages i n general i s mored ramat i c than ours . A s a rule , when reference i s mad e to theword s or ac t ions of a th ird person , that pronoun must be usedwh ich the person himself would make use of on such occas ion .
Thi s pecul iari ty completely al ters the whole s tructure of anH i ndus tani sen tence compared wi th the correspond ing Engl i sh .
For example , The prisoner told me that he would kill 5 170 700The mod ern tendency, however, is to use 707717 instead ofso.
PROG RES S IVE LESSO N S A N D EXERC I SES . 45
H 0 50 77 i f he saw him ; 0777717 770 07 7770 777 5 170 7017
H asan 00 777777—d 7717277g77 agar 77300 710017 727700] 11te1al ly , ‘ theprisoner said t o me thus , I wi l l k il l 5 170 7017 11775 0 77 i f I see him .
EXAMPLE S .my brother said to me that he 77707 0 017770
“
770 777 77j17-50 001777 07was going to C alcutta next 77777777 K 0100770 001j
'
77,7277g 77.
d ay ,
he told m e to go home , 773770 777771170 0 001777 0757170 7 777,0.
d id he not tell you that he had 0y 0 777777 5 6 7777 001777 71777
lost all hi s m oney at play ? 07 7770 777 770 07 7777 5 770 777771j77,0777077 17777 -a
’ij 7i
he says that h i s paren ts have 707717 0017777 170 7 07 77707 7 77777-0777d ied , 7770 7 -
g0 ,0.
ask him whether that horse be 775 -50 7772717170 07 37717 £10070
h i s own or not , 777 77717777 0“
17777 07 777717777.
he says i t i s assured ly h is own ,0017777 170 7 07 010777777 -177
170 7.
Ex0r7750 — My mas ter send s you h is compl imen ts and d es i resme to say that he cannot com e to see you to -d ay as he i s busywri t ing. I told him , that i f he would prove to me that he d idno t charge me more than the market price (or pri ce curren t) forthe grain , then I would give h im the sum he asked . I wrote tomy fri end th is morn ing and told h im that I would send h im thebook m a d ay or two i f he d id not require i t sooner. He toldme that he had suffe red grea t hard shi ps on the Journey thathe had been robbed of part of hi s p roper ty , and obliged to sel lthe res t i n ord er to pay h i s expenses d uri ng hi s way home .
He wi shed t o come here thi s morn ing to see you , but he toldme that h i s horse was d ead , and therefore he could not come.
L E SSO N 18
N .B.— The remai n ing exerci ses i n th i s sect ion are of a
m i scellaneous d escrip t ion , and not , as h i therto , l im i ted toa par t icular rule o f syn tax.
—The stud ent , at every s tep , mustbear i n m i nd the preced i ng pri nc iples of grammar , and by the
’
t ime he has fin ished the sect ion he wi l l find h imself wellqual ified to converse on .all ord i nary subjects
'
wi th neatness andproprie ty. O f course hi s s tock of word s m us t be as ye t but'
scanty but that wi l l i ncrease dai ly by pract ice .bring breakfas t , 17777 77 7
“
bri ng d i nner , 017777777
bring bread , 7 077bring m i lk ,
46 PROG RESS IVE LESSO N S AND EXERC ISES.
give sugar , sizaiear do
eat your d inner, apmi k/za'
mi ékdp .
d ri nk m i lk ,l igh t the lamp , c/zz
'
rdg izja ld l o.
l ight the cand le , baftz‘
ja la'
p .
bring the shad e , fa'
m is l i p .
put out the cand le , battz‘
buj/zd p .
raise the shad e , f dzzzZs ugbdp .
d on'
t forget , Ma i l /1d mat.
come here ,z
'
a’
lzar d,o.
/come near, nazd z
‘
k a‘
,o
where d o you come from lenlam se a’
,e Izo
where are you going ? kid/zarjd pge 2’
make ready the tea , c/zd'
band y .
turn to the right, ( id /zine plzz'
ro.
turn to the left , bd,e72p/zi ro.
go home quickly , ja ld g/zarjd p .
E xercise.-\Vho is bringing the breakfast ? S ir, I have
brough t the breakfast. What is there to-day for d inner ? Theyeat good bread and d rink fresh m i lk. Have you l ighted the
cand les ? Bring us some tea , sugar , bread , and“
m i lk veryquickly. Where have al l the servants gone to ? S ir, they have
all gone home . When wi l l they come back ? When you gothere , you wi l l first turn to the left and then to the right. Ask
these sold iers ofwhat reg iment they are . W hat is the name of
the officer A t what hour to-morrow morning wi ll they marchfor Dilhi
L ES SO N 19 .
move straight on , sz'
a’
lze cige c/za lo.
/cal l the porters , magi
/rm? (orbul lz
'
yofi )koéula'
lo.
take away the tab le , mez Zeja'
p ,
take away the th ings , aséa’
b ufi zdp .
raise the table ,
be careful ,what is your command ?
get ready the carriage ,
it is ofno consequence ,
are you at le isure ?be pleased to forgive me ,
bring a l i ttle bread ,
have you madethe bed ?
fasten the d oor,they are old ,
Qabar -d d r 120.
zip ka’
[zukm kyai lzai
ga‘
r z‘ taz'yd r 164m .
kuclzk muga'
yaka
tum kofargat Iza imuj/ze mu
'
ds jzye.
t/zor i raft“
lei/0.
éic/z/za zm d éi c/zbdya’
Iza i .9
dar 'wa’
za band karo.
wu/z bfi r/ze Izai fi .
PRO GRESS I VE L ESSON S A N D EXERC I S ES . 47
th is is a m isfortune , yz'
lz baméak/zti (or iifat) Iza z'
.
they are ignorant, wu/zjci /zz'
l lzaz'
fi .
bring my book , men“
ki tcib lei/0.
bring my Shoes , mer z‘
jzi ti kip .
go to the market, tuméci zci rjcip .
bring a l ittle meat, t/zorci goslzz‘ lzi
,a.
E xercz’
se.— Sir, al l the porters have com e. Te ll them to put
the th ings in the carriage. Have you fastened the d oor of the
house ? When I shal l be at leisure I shal l see him. H as the
servant brought the meat from the market ? Have you putmybooks on the tab le ? S ir , pray forgive me , I had forgotten.
Wel l , do not forget again. What a great misfortune th is is !S ir, I have brought your shoes . I am not at leisure to see him
to-day , tel l h im to come early to-morrow. Who is that old
man who is stand ing near the d oor
L ESSO N 20 .
who are you ? tuméazm120/why are you come kz
'
s wcisgfe ci,e 110 i?
you wil l say someth ing to me , muj/zse kuc/zfz ka/zoge.
d on'
t be troub lesome , d z}? 7m éaro.
call my house steward , mere k/zci nscimci ri éo 6111420.
ord er d inner, k/zci ne h i [zuém do.
I wi l l go out, mambei /zarjcifi figdbr ing my clothes , mere iaapre hip .
please come quickly ,
repair the warehouse ,
bring the newspaper ,is th is the very th ingthey are all there ,
who is he‘
?
is any one there
say that again ,
how are you
we Shall go to-morrow ,
move th is way,
move that way ,
has the gun fired ?E xercise.
— Who is that man , and why has he come here ? IS
the newspaper come to-day Where have you put my c lothesH as the fi d izsdmd fi yet returned from the market ? Tel l me
when he comes back. S ir, the fi d zzsdmd rfi says there is no good
éog‘lzi mam mmatéaro.
( Mi mi ? hip .
y z’
lz wufzi iza z’ .9
wa/zci li sab/zz‘
1zam .
wu/z faw n kaz’
2’
wa/zci fi koj ka iwulzph i r kako.
tuméaz’se ho1zaméaljd fi ige.
z'
a’lzar lzagfo.
ud/zar lzata.
48 PROGR ESS I V E L ESSON S A N D EXERC I S ES .meat in the market to-d ay. C arry the books and newspapersto the warehouse . \Vhat wi l l he say to you to
-morrow ? H ow
is he tod ay? H e says that he is now much better. T he gun
in the fort is fired.every morn ing at d awn
, and also at the end
ofevening twi l ight. Such is the custom of th is country.
L ESSON 2 1.
send for the palanquinquickly , pai l/ei ja la’z'
ma fig tip .
has the master r isen sci /210 ut/ze lzaz'
zi
th is is a very fi ne fru i t, y i li ba l m! k/zzib mewa baz’
.
th is is wonderful news , y z’
lz’
ajz‘
b 1312000 7 Iza z'
,
we are hungry and th irsty , 1zam b/zs /zepz'
y ci se lzaz’
zi .
he is a careful man ,
'wu/z bus/zyci r ci dm i lzaz’
,
they are great rogues , wu/z ba fe d cig_/zd bd z lzaz’
zi .
the whole land is level , 50020m i n ban i bar lzaz'
.
h is heart is grieved , us h i d l'
l m njz‘
a'
a lzaz'
. [ lza zisyourbusinessnowcompleted
? tum/mm 50m ab tamcim [ ma
is the proof Of it strong ? a’aZiZmash }; lza z
She is very impud ent , wu/z bar i gustcifl fi az’
.
the sky is quite c lear, ei swei n éz'léul l geif /zaz'
.
these are m isch ievous ch i ld ren , 3272 Za rée nag/Ma; lm z
'
zi .
he rece ived great punishment , us me barfm za pd}they all remained h id den , wa ll 500c/zz
'
ppe ralze.
h is heart is restless , 115 h i d z'
l beéam’
r Iza z'
.
he is a fool , wu/zéewuézif /zai .
th is paper is moist , y z'
lz kcigfi ag nam Iza z .who is m aking a no ise .éa zm slzor ka rtci lza z
'
what are you saying tum kyai kahfe 120
Exerczse.— Sir , the palki is ready. Bring me some paper ,
that I may write . A sk that man i f his master has yet risen .
What is the name of th is fruit ? I s there much frui t on that
tree ? I shal l come home when I have completed my business .
Do not make so much noise there . Y ou said that these men
were great l iars. Y ou say that you are very careful . T he foolsays everyth ing that comes into h is heart , but whatever comes
into the heart O f the wi se , the sam e remains h id den . T he
news from the army th is week 15 by no means favourable. The
man who brings the news is a very great rogue , and those who
bel ieve him are fools .
L ES SON 22 .
Speak easy U rdu, sa lz‘
s Urd zi 0010. [ cinci lzzi ci
whence are you come ? éa/zci zi se ci,e 120 i? (or, ka/zci ri 30
go away, you have leave , c/zalejcip , tum/m i rug/y ewlzaz.
50 PROGR ESS I V E L ESSON S A N D EXERC I SES .he has got a long beard , m et
”
bi z g'
i d ci g'lzi Iza z'./what b ird is th is y i/z baum i e/zz
’
gy ci Iza z'
he is a great d runkard , 702111 ba rd sizarcibi baz’
.
they are d ec id ed ly gui lty , wall yabz‘
flan buszi r wei r l mz'
z}.
whose field is th is y z'
lz b/zet bis h i Iza z'
/there are many fl ies here , y a/zci fi ba/zut makb/zziyei zi Iza i fi .
they have great prud ence , unko bar i d zi r-a /zd eslzi lzai .
howmany peoplewere present? bz’
l ne rid /m“
lzci zz'
r t/ze
E xercise — H ow many rupees are there in the bag? Bring
water, that I may wash my hand s and face . I have sufferedmuch sorrow on your account. What is the name of th is fi neb ird ? These fl ies g ive m e much troub le. That fakir has a verylong beard . G ive h im a rupee and tel l him to go away. Te l lh im that i f he makes such a no ise another day I wil l punish himseverely. Where d o your friend s l ive ? A re all the peoplepresent tod ay
? H is friend s afford h im one hund red rupeesa month. That man is quite innocent. There are many veryfi ne trees in that fie ld . These men never Speak the truth ;I cannot place any rel iance upon what they tel l me.
L ESSO N 24 .
there is no oil in the lamp , 6/2271n me/i tel
pray give me a sample , mujlze eb namzina d zjz’
ye.
th is is a mere stratagem , y z’
lzjabag,‘
lzz‘
la lzaz.
where is h is shop m i d d aleci n balza‘
ri [ mi 5?
have you got a rope tum/Zai repas ram lza i
the king sat upon the throne , bri d e/2a]; taézfi t par bait/2d .
h is voice is good , usb i ciwciz lzaz'
.
what sort ofan imal is th is y i/z baz’
sci jci l zwar Iza iwhat is your ad vice ? fam/aim
“
ky ci ga lci fz lea z’
what is your age? tum/zci r i
'
umr by ri [ mi 1?
send the palk i near me , palki merefei s b/zejo.
g ive me the wh i p and hat , e/zci bub aur {0155 do.
/bring water for wash ing the lzri t/z d/zozze boprim
“
l tilo.
hand s ,
how is your health m izi ijrip/ea Zzaz'
ai lza z’
g ive me the tooth -brush and m in ed /l? our manjan do.
powd er ,bring a sui t ofclothes , eieforci bapfri [ dobring ink , pen , and paper, d awei t ba lam our brig/gag Ia
'
,0.
whose horse is that ? tau/z bis h i g/zop i lza z'
who is that European ? wu/zgora‘
ba l m lza z’
if"
PROGRESS I V E LESSO NS AND ExERC i SES . 5 1
E xere2'
se.—O ne d ay ,
-in the summer season , a king and hisson went a-hunting. When the air became very hot , then theyplaced each h is c loak on the back ofa certain jester. T he king ,
having laughed , said .
’
N ow , 0 jester, there is an ass'
s burd enon thy back . T he jester gave answer, V eri ly , your Majesty ,
I bare the burd ens of two asses .
L ESSO N 25 .
whose house is th is ? y 272 bis bci gbar 12a2'
th is soi l is barren , y z’
b zami 72 zisar boz’
.
they are very avaric ious , wab bare bz’
r; i 1222272.
th is rupee is adulterated , y z'
lz rzzpz'
y ci b/zoi ci lzaz.
its shape is bad , asbi slzabl blzara'
b 72222.
theEngl ish language is d ifii cult? abgrez i zab2i 72 mus/zbz'
l [ mi 2’
brush Off the Spid er'
s web , mabr i bci jci l ci c/z/zug'
ci dri lo.
.what fault has he comm i tted um e by ci fabri r b i baz’
there is much d ewon the grass , g/zcis par babut sizabnam (or05 ) lza z
'
.
now they are very helpless , ab 202212 ba/zut la' e/zci r ba z’7i .~what bus iness are you doing ? 122722 byri brim bar ie 120
there is no end ofhis chattering , asb i babwci s bi 2'
7212'
122i
they mad e much apology ,72e ba/zui '
ag r bz'
y ci .
my parents have gone to the ir mere mci bcifi 2272be g lzar ga lehouse (other people
'
s house), ba2'
7i .
there are many fruits in that 225 beigfi me7i plzal babut 12a2'
7i .
gard en ,
I have a headache ,muj/ze da7
'd - 2’
-sa7' baz
’
.
where d id you hear th is news ? 122772 72e bobeiayz'
lz blgabar szmiit is late , let us d epart , der bam 12072.
Exercise.— They thus say , that in a certain house a tiger and
a man saw a picture , in wh ich the man was d rawn as victoriousand the beast subdued . T he man said to the tiger , Dost thou
see the bravery of the man , how he has overcome the t iger ?T he tiger gave answer, T he painterwas a man ifa tiger hadbeen the painter, then the d rawing would not have been in th ismanner.
L ESSO N 26.
he has a l iver complaint, 223 bojzlgar b i bima'
r i baz‘
.
th is is a fi ne season , y ib ac/zc/zlzci maurom baz’
.
sow that seed in the gard en ,zzs bijbo brigj me72b0,0.
he has a toothache , 225 be dam 772072dard baz'
.
52
there are many playth ings inthe bazaar,
what is your occupation ?
th is translation is very good ,
h is case wi l l come on tod ay,
your watch goes well ,th is is a wax cand le ,
how much is the fare of the
boat ?
what O'
clock is it ?brush my hat and coat ,
what is the fare for a day ?
y 212 7720772 b i ba t/i 1za z.
PROGRESS I V E LES SON S A N D EXERC I S ES .ba
'
z2i r 772e72ba1222t b122°
1072e 17a2°
72.
72277272227 22byd per/2a“
12222
y i lz ta 7y°
22772a ba1212tflab 12a2.
225 bci m abaa’dama a
'
j120g2i .
tambci r i g lzar i ache/212i clza l/i
[ 12a2.772i
,0 bci bi
'
l 712i b/22i 7 2i l1a2'
baz’
baje li a2'
7i .9
mer i {op i a22r boijlzri ro.
eb d 2°
72 b2i b122i 7'
2i by 2i 1za z'
l i ft up the b l ind s , take away j122°
177221 222122i,0, bartan lejajo.
the d ishes ,place my watch on the table ,
th is fruit is very ac id ,
why are you angry?
12am2i r2‘ glzar i mez par rabblzo.
y i/zpbal bard b/zafi ci 12a2°
.
222772 by072gjugye 1202fe 120 f?
E xercise — O ne day a stag ,from fear of the hunters , having
fled . entered wi th in a certain cave . I‘
hére a large tiger hay inggone , se ized and began to eat the stag. A t the time of d ying ,
that hel pless an imal said in his own heart . A las , what a great
m isfortune is m ine I fled h i ther from fear ofman , and now
I have fal len into the c laws Ofan animal whose cruelty is even
greater than man'
s.
L ESSO N 27 .
th is is a very d ifficult, business ,they are very artful ,that is a very beauti ful gard en ,
th is cloth is very coarse ,
are you fi t for the bus inessit is cold er to-d ay than yester
d ay ,
th is l ine is be tter,h is heart is very sorrowful ,she is d umb and d eaf,th is story is al l a l ie ,
these are fi ne raisins ,
he has a large house ,
th is room is wel l l ighted ,
th i s room is very lofty ,
how long is th is c loththese are very wicked ch ild ren ,
y 2°
12bani m22512b2'
l b2i 772 12a2'
.
202212 bare 17222-2222 12a202212 babut b
_
7222b;227'
at ba'
gfi lza i .
17212 bapn i ban i 772022i 12a2'
.
by ri , t22772 225 bam be 1a 2b 170 1?
ba l re a]°
5ard i zz'
ya‘
da 1za z°
.
y z'
12 safar bz'
lzfar
725b2i d z'
Zbani gfi amg i fi ba i .
2222212g2272g i a 227' ba12r i 17a2
°
.
31272 b irya b2
°
1b221j1222212 12a2.
y z'
lz balza i b1272b 7722272abb2i 12215.225b2i ba l m! ban i maba
'
ri 1za z°
.
bamarci b_
1222b rauslzan 12a2'
.
bamarci balzzzt 2272d 12a2'
.
y 2°
12 bapfri b2°
t722i lamb2i 12222'
2212212 bal m! sbar i r Zarbe 1zaz'
7i .
PROGRESS I V E LESSO NS A ND EXERC I SES . 53
his d ispos ition is cruel , z°
5b2i 7722'
zcijbe- ra12772 12a2°
.
they are lazy and negl igent , 202212 5 2251 a22r £22212! 1222272.they are of very stern d ispo 2272212 bare 5ab/22-7722
'
z2ij12a272.sition.
Exe7 22°
5e.— In a dark night a bl ind man , having taken a lamp
in h is hand'
, and a jar on his Should er , was going along in the
market. Somebody said to h im , O fool in thy eyes day and
night are al ike ofwhat use is a lamp to thee ? T he bl ind man ,
having laughed , said , 0 you great b lockhead do you imaginethat the lamp is for my benefit ? N O , it is entirely on thy ac
count, that thou mayest not break my jar am id st the darkness.
L ESSO N 28 .
th is pen is too soft , 37272 ba lam baba i 122“
72a7'772 12a2
°
.
th is paper is very coarse , y 2°
12 bagbag ba12222 772og‘2i 17a2
°
.
th is letter is i ll - Shaped , y 2'
12’
12a 77’
bad -5 2Z7'at 12a2°
.
you speak very slowly , 222772 ba122222i122°
52a bolte 120.
can you speak Engl ish ? 222772 a 72grez i bob-5abte 120
d escend , otherwise you wi l l fal l , 72a122'
7220 gz'
roge.
/ you must go with me , 12am2i 7'
e 5 22212 tumbe72ja‘
722i
take away th is bund le , gag/27 2"
bo loj2i ,o. [ 12a2’
72.
it is c loudy , yea it rains a l i ttle , bad l i 12a2'
,ba lbi 122201212 b2272de72
see, has it c leared up a l i ttle deb/20, 2i 5m2i 72 b2221212 b1222l2i /za z°
we know it all , 12am y 2°
12 5abj2i 722e 12a2°
72.
they know a great d eal , 202212 bal2z2i‘b222:1212j2i 722e 12a2°
72.
he gave me much trouble , 225 72e 1222772 bo bar i tabl ifd z‘
.
Why d o you laugh without be-5abab by 2272ba7251e 120
Causethey have annoyed us very 227212072 72e 12am bo balza i dz'bbmuch , b2
°
y2i 12a2°
.
th is is not my house , y 2°
12glzar me7'2i 722i122
°
7212a2°
.
al low me to smel l that flower, 2022121512221 77222jlze 5 2272g1272e do.
apply oil to that chair , 225 212a22b2‘
772e72 7'
a22g;12_ a72 ma lo
open the lock of that d oor , 225 darwaze bci buflb12010.
Exercise — A very poor man went to a very_
rich man and
said ,
“W e are two sons of A dam and Eve (A dam 0 Hawci ),therefore we are brothers you are very rich and I am very poorg ive m e a brother
'
s share. T he rich man , on hearing th is ,
gave to the poor man one baur i . T he poor man said ,
“O h ,
sir why do you not bestow upon me a brother’
s Share ? H e
replied , Be content , my good friend ; i f I g ive all my poorbrothers one baur i each , I shall not have any remaining.
S4 PROGR ESS I V E L ESSON S AN D EXERCI SES .L ESSO N 29 .
some ofour sold iers have beenwound ed ,
beat that lazy boy ,
d ig up that und erwood .
having said th is , he d eparted ,
wring the mo isture from the
c lothes ,
they sleep care lessly (sound ly),what is the amount O fyour b i l l ?a wasp has stung m e ,
what is the tonnage ofthis sh i p ?
what need is there Of so much
care
what is the price Ofthese th ings?what is the d epth of th is tank ?what is the d ifference betweenthese two
Br e7'ez°
5e .W
'
rite a letter for m e .
foot.
why are you making th is unreasonab le excuse ?
12a 7722i 7'
e ba'
ze 52°
p2i122‘
zablzm i
1227,e.
725 5 2252122g'be bo 7722i 7'0.
225 ja72ga/ bo b120d -
a'
2i 10.
ba lzbar 202212 ( bald -
ga la.
bap g'
e b2i p2i 72i -d 2i 10.
202212 be-blzabar 502‘e 12a2
°
72.
2‘22772122i 7'2i 122
°
52ib bz'
z‘72e b2i 12a2
'
77722j/2e eb bar 71eda72b- 7722i 7'
2i 12a2°
.
ja122i z 772e72 b2°
272e boj12 b i5a 7722i
,i 12a2
°
2
°
t72i 2°
1222°
y2i 2bi by2i 122ija t
bi by2i bi 772a t 12a 2° é’
12i 12ib b2°
t772i gab rci 12a2°
272 2107207277ze7i byri farb 12a2°
A person went to a scribe , and said unto him ,
H e sa id , There is a pain in myT he man sa id , I d o not w ish to send you anywhere ,
T he scriberepl ied ,
Y ou are speaking the truth but when I write a letterfor any person ,
then I am always sent for to read it for nobod yelse is able to read my handwri ting.
L ESSO N 30 .
th is army does not know its fazzj bawd'
z'
d 5b zo dd ril l ,
between you two what fightingis there
in th is book how many chaptersare there
on these good s is there anyd iscount ?
the d rum beats every day in the
fort,th is boy is much loved by us ,
in th is tank are there any fi sh ?
72a12i 72.
d07707°
2 772e72 ba 2°
5 i la rd}12a 2
°
b2°
f2ib me72b2'
2‘
72i fa5 le7212a2°
72
a5b2ib par baa/712 da51227'
i
la 772b77r bz’
ba me7212a7‘ roe baj12i12a2
°
.
y 2°
12 la 7 b2i 12a 7772i r2i ba1222tp iyd ra‘
12a2°
.
t2i12i b me72by e/212 mac/zlzlzyaa12a2
°
72
PROGR ESS I V E LESSO NS A N D EXERC I SES : 55
make a hole here in the earth , ya122i 72 zam i 72 me72 eb 5 22r2ib12ba 7'o.
I caught a fi sh wi th a rod ,12am 72e ba725 i 5e eb mac/zlzl i
fabr i .th is cow has no horns . g2i ,e be 5 i 72g 72a12i 72ba z'72.ofwhat kind is th is c loth b2
°
5 b2°
5m b2i y 2°
12 baprd 12a2°
d o you intend go ing to Europe ? wi lciya tjane b2i 2‘22772/22i r2i 27 222122
12a2°
hang up th is lamp in the hall , y 2'
12 lamp d 2i1a 72me721a2b2i do.
do you go by land or by water 222772 1212225b j2i ,0gey2i tar i
E xer22°
5e.— A certain hare , having gone to the presence O fthe
tigress , said to her,“O tigress , of me every year there are
many young ones , but of you, during the whole of your l i fe ,
there are no more than two or three. T he tigress , havingsm iled , repl ied ,
" What you say is very true : Of me , ind eed ,
there may be only one young one in all my l i fe , but that one is
a tiger.
L ESSO N 31 .
there is no lock to your box , t22772122i re ga72d 22bc12e me72 t2i 12i
72a lz2'
721za z°
.
there is much mud on the river darya‘
be b2°
722i 7'e-par bar i
s ide ,bi e/zar 12a2
°
.
how many passengers were in b2°
172e 7722252ifi 7' 225j22122i z me72i‘lze
that vessel ?the whole room was scented , 52i 7'2i bamrci bb225/2b22 5e mu
'
a t
gar 1222,2i .
are you the owner O fth is house ? 222772 25 glzar be 7722i12'
b 120
from id leness is loss , 5 22522“
_
5e z2y2i 7212a2°
.
such as you wi ll do , so wi ll you ja z°
52i barage wa2°
5 2i papge.
fi nd ,
resignation is the best com b2°
122‘a7’ 52i 1122
'
5abr 12a2°
.
panion ,
th is world is the house ofd ece it , d a rzy ci fareb b2i g lzar 12a2°
.
the fruit Of rashness is repent ja la’i b2i plza l pa512em2i 72i ba i .
ance ,
patience is an excellentqual i ty , gabr acl2012122' b12a51a2‘ l2az
°
.
temperance is excel lent physic , pa rbez bar i dawci 12a2°
.
hearing is better than speaking , 52272722i b2°
122‘
a 7' 12a2
° ba1272e 5e.
from labour resul ts greatness , m2°
1272a t 5e ban i}E xer22
°
5e.—A certain O ld woman had a goose wh ich every d ay
used to lay an egg of gold . O ne d ay the old woman thought
in her own m ind , thus ; I f I increase the food of th is goose,
56
then She w i ll every d ay give two gold en eggs.
PROGRES S I V E L ES SON S A ND EXERC I S ES .Having thus
d eterm ined , the o ld woman began to g ive the goose every d ayas much food as she could eat. N ow, after some d ays the
goose , hav ing become very fat , gave no more eggs.
L ESSO N 32 .
Such as you speak so w i ll vou ja2°
5 2i ba/zoge 2oa2°
52i 5 72720ge.
hear,th is world is the harvest for thenext ,
contentment is the key of re
pose .
to be ignorant is d eath to the
l iving ,
m oderation in everyth ing is
best,to the wise a h int is enough ,
d eath laughs at expectations ,
ass ist your brother in d istress ,
very frequently med ic ine is
s ickness ,
man becomes known from h is
conduct
from proh ib ition d es irecreases ,
in
d 2277y 2i 2i b122'
7'
at b2°
blzeti 11a2°
.
ba722i'
a i 2i 7‘
a'
772 b i bu72ji 1z2i z°.
zz°
72d072 be lz'
ye 7°
2
°
122i1at 77222721
1za z°.2
°°
tz°
d 2i 1 lzar 21222 me72 b2°
1zfar
12a2°
.
'
2ib2°
1bo 2
°
5122i 7‘a ba s l7az°
.
22772772ea’
072par maut 12a725t2‘
12a2°
.
ta72gz°
me72 apfle b122i , i bi ma
d ad bar .
ab5ar aub2i t daw2i b2' 7722i r i 17012"12a2
°
.
2i d 772i eba1a72 5e palzelzand j2i 12i12a2.
772a77.’
barne 5e 2‘
122i12 ba r/222”
12a2°
.
fortune d oes not increase wi th d2i 722i,i 5e 7
'
ozi 72a122'
72ba r/I i i .
wisdom ,
E xer22°
5e.— O ne d ay a large hul l was grazing in a field , when
a conceited fly came and sat on one of h is horns . T he fly‘
began to say in her own m ind ,
“ I am very heavy , and i f Iremain here , assured ly the bul l w i l l not be ab le to l i ft h is headfrom the gr ound . Then the fly said aloud , O bull , I am
afraid I am giving you great inconven ience ; i f so it be , then
speak out , and I w i l l immed iately d epart. T he hull answered ,
“O fly . be not uneasy on my account , for I was not in the
least aware ofyour being there ti l l you spoke to me.
LESSO N 33.
during th is month much rain 25 772a12i 77e me72 pan i babut
fel l , ba 7 '
5 2i .
eb 72a 22ba 7' 227a12a' 72bbej-do.
darab/zt be z‘a le ba i t/20.
send a servant there ,
sit under th is tree ,
58 PRO GRESS ivE LESSO NS A N D EXERC ISES .
your s ignature is necessary to
th is bond ,
tod ay there is a guest in theirhouse ,
who is th is boy’
s guard ian ?
it is very late , perm it us to go
home ,
in th is affair there is much
cruelty ,
they comm it oppress ion O f
every sort,
/we have at present a longjourney ,
Exe7 22°
5e.—A certain feeb le O ld man , having gathered a load
ofwood (l iterally sticks) in a forest , was carrying it to h is own
house . A fter hav ing gone som e d istance , the old man became
very tired , and hav ing thrown down the burd en from h is
shoulder on the ground , he began to cry out, O Ange l ofDeath , d el iver me from th is m isery !
"
A t that very instantthe A ngel of Death stood be fore him , and said ,
“W hy have
you cal led m e , and what do you want w ith me ? O n see ingth is frightful figure , the old man tremb l ing , repl ied , O friend ,
be pleased to ass ist me , that I may l i ft once more th is burd enupon my should er for th is purpose only have I called you.
L ESSO N 35 .
have you a glas s for hold ing 222772122i 7'e p2i 5 512i 512i da zed;the med ic ine ? 7
‘ab1277e b i 12a2°
man has reason , a brute none ,
’
abl ci dm -i bo 1202i 12a2°
, j2272wa rbo 72a12i 72.
please g ive me a letter O f intro eb 5 2°
f2i 7'
2
'
512 b2i fla g; 77272j12eduction , 722iya2292172.
why d o you wri te with a bad 272772 b2°
5 202i 5 te bare ba lam 5e
pen 12°
b12fe 120
O f these two wh ich is the best ? 272 772272 5e ba z m aelzc/z/ui
ba i ?
I wi l l take the business from 772a2°
72 222772 5e b2i 77z 12272g2i a22ryou and g ive it to h im ,
your going there is not neces 2'22772122i 7'2i j2i 7z2i 20a122i 72 b22212/2
sary ,2ar22r 7za12i 72.
he is well versed in th is sc ience , 25 5e 2212212 b1722b 22'2ib2f 12a i .
z
'
s tamassaépar l amluim dast
k/za f za rzin'
lzaz'
zi .
a] zmée g/zar med efém i/zma'
n
120 5.
i s larée h i murabbi h u m lza i642/q der 1112} 17am ko g/za r
ja'
ne do.
is h im med éar i be-murziwa/i
lzaz’
.
wu/z Izar tam /z h i zulm h zrfefl a i zi .
114 mm i s 2:1d a’zZr h i safar
a’
arpes/z lzaz'
.
PRO GRESS IV E LESSONS A ND EXERC ISES . 59
he is very learned and intel li wu/z ban i d rim i (tar'
aélmmzd
gent , h zz
'
.
this will be best ofal l , y z'
lz saése bi lztar lzogd .
[te l l me what he is say ing, h z/zo to waft kyd h z/zta
’
l mz'
.
tel l the groom to get the horse sd,z’
s se h z/zog/zord taiyd r h zre.
ready ,
Exefri se — In the country ofKashm ir a certain merchant had
an Abyss in ian slave whose skin was as b lack as charcoal . O ne
day in the w inter season the slave took off h is c lothes , and
having taken up some snow he began ,w i th great labour, to
rub i t on h is bod y. During th is h is m aster cam e that way , and
having seen th is curious c ircum stance , said ,
“What are you
d o ing here ? T he s lave answered ,
“ I am rubb ing'
my bod ywi th snow so that I may become wh ite l ike the p eople of th iscountry. H is master , laugh ing , said , O fool , do not labourin vain ; your body may , ind eed , d issolve the snow , but your
Skin will not thereby become wh ite .
L ESSO N 36 .
I also wish to go out,
why do you cl imb the tree ?When will yoube ab le to d epart?is the sad d le on the horse or
not ?
we will return in a few m inutes ,i f d inner be ready , br ing it,g ive my compl iments to your
master ,
do you know th is man ?
he has amassed much wealth ,
come , let us two have some
talk ,wi ll one horse be able to d rawso great a weight ?
[ you go on , we are com ing , tum dgejd o izam ci te lzaz’
ré.[
these th ings are come from yzlz cit izen wzldyat se d 2"
ban i .
Europe ,
where shal l we pass the night djh‘
n i t lzam h zh i fi ra/zmgewe have no time to play at 1zam éo fursat ab/ n
‘
k/zelne kipresent, fi zz/2272h zz.
77222272 éd /zar fi nd 2122272222
122272.
2122774 24 22par éy072char/222 ha 3?222772 h zb 22212cfi aZ-saéogeglzore [ 5227
7 2272 52272227222 [ 2222 h’
2122772 7726721222772p/22'
7'
2220272ge.
klzd na'
2222322277 izo 120.
lzamd rd sa la’
m .apne sd lzz'éko
éabo.
i s 22217722“éo {um /227222 120
mm: 5222222222’22221222‘j22772
'
h‘
h zz'
.
[ 222772 222772 h 22/2/2 6222 21222
h z7'
272,
eég/zord 227222” éoj/z 25 222722124 22
60 PRO GRESS I VE LESSO NS A N D EXERC ISES.
E x erc isa — O ne day an ox was grazing in a field in wh ichseveral young frogs were play ing . By chance one of the youngfrogs was crushed und er the foot of the ox and d ied . T heo ther frogs having seen th is went home
,and having to ld thei r
mother what had occurred ,they then sa id ,
“0 mother, we
never before saw so large an an imal . O n hearing th is , the old
frog , having d istend ed her be lly very much , said . Is he as
large as th is ?" T he y oung ones repl ied ,
“A ssured ly , he ismuch larger than that. She then , having d istend ed hersel ftw ice as much , said ,
“Is he so large ? They answered ,
"O mother , he is a thousand times larger. T he old frog ,
however, through prid e ,continued to d istend her body more
and more , ti l l at las t her skin burst, and she d ied .
L ESSO N 37 .
he has scalded h is foot , ush i [ 722,0721'
1222122s gayd .
al l these kn ives are rusty , sab 21212727j'
a'
72 m ug-221222122
1222272.
these ch i ld ren are scream ing 31212 1227
7173 2a 77222772 21272 2122112022“
all d ay,h zrte 1222272.
we were seeking for th is all 1222772 {2277722777 21272 211227722122
d ay , 2122.
have you sealed your letter 272772 772 2215722 13122222par 7722212r h“
122221?
our house is shad ed wi th trees , 122277222722glzar (122722212207222 sdye
77227212a 2'
.
it is raining , g ive us shel ter ,1222772h ) pa7z2i 1z
do.
go forward there , and stand tea/22272 521 712122 i aur 17122222
sti l l , ra lzo,
bring out these th ings from the pd lh‘
772272-se 32212 21122272 2221122
palki ,speak loud , then I Shal l hear éa land a
’
wa‘
z se 5010 to 77222272
you ,sun fi fi .
what d o you call that in 22s120 H ind i 22252272 772272 kyd
Hindustani ? h z/zte 120 2’
E xercz’
se.
— In the house of a certain person a bag of rupeeswas stolen . T he owner of the m oney gave information to the
judge O f that c i ty. T hejudge imm ed iate ly cal led before h im all
the people of the house , but after much investigation he wasunable to d etect the th ie f. A t
'
last he said to them , T hisn ight
I wi l l g ive each ofyou a stick one cub i t in length , and it wi l l sohappen that the stick O fh im who is the th ief will become one
.PRO GRESS I VE LESSO NS A ND EXERC ISES . 61
inch longer than those of the rest. Having thus spoken , the
judge gave each a stick and d ism issed them . During the nightthe th ief, being afraid , said to h imsel f, I f I cut off one inchfrom my stick , in the morn ing it wi l l be of the same length wi ththe rest.
" Thus having - consid ered , he cut off an inch fromhis stick , and next d ay attend ed , along w ith the others. T he
judge , having looked at the sticks , thus d iscovered the th ief.L ESSO N 38 .
set up someth ing as a shel ter 22221717 2217222 22“
2i r 22 72722522
from the sun (sh ine), 212227 22 2227 0.
he agreed with me th is time , 25 727022 7272217 777272 522217 77772222922
exercise yourselfin wri ting and 272777 12217722 22727'
par/2772 22
read ing , 777225172 2am .
on hearing th is news they were 32217 2172220 2 5 727722 207212 22212722
much frigh tened , 22227 -
5222howmuch ind igo will th is chest 2227722 772125 5227722722 77727252277722
containthey are al l offend ed with one 7272217 5 22222 22725 7 2 5 2 fi af d170272.
another,tel l the coachman not to d rive g227
'222277 52 20170 22 227722 222 7722
so fast , 12227222.
we have escaped from the hand s 1222777 2272527722272 22 1222217 52 222217
ofthe enemy , ga,2.
the whole c i ty has been flood ed , 22277722777 51722177' 77727252221222 22g223122
17222.
put these two trays close 7 72 22077072 22517223707220 2225 2225together, 7 2222170.
wi th th is our joy wil l be 25 52 1722777227 2“
22725172"
273722220increased ,
Ex2r2252.— A certain person having a pain in the stomach
went to a phys ic ian and said ,
“For God'
s sake , d octor , g ive me
some physic , otherwise I d ie from a pain in the stomach . T he
d oc tor asked him what he had eaten that day. T he man said ,
Merely a piece ofburnt bread . O n hearing th is the d oc torsaid ,
L et me look at your eyes. Then , having cal led one of
h is servants , he said , Bring me the med ic ine for the eyes .
T he s ick man , on hearing th is , screamed out, O d octor, is
th is a t ime for your joking ? I am d ying from a pain in the
stomach , and you talk of med ic ine for the eyes. What connection is there between m ed ic ine for the eyes and a pain in the
stomach ? T he d octor repl ied , I wish , in the first place , to
make your eyes sound ,for it is evid ent that you are unable
62 PRO GRESS IVE LESSO NS AN D EXERC ISES .
to d istinguish between b lack and wh i te , otherwise you wouldnever have eaten burnt bread .
L ESSO N 39 .
we have much red uced our
expend i ture .
th is money must be sent backto h im ,
the command er- in - ch ief has
pard oned a sold ier,rule your paper, then wri te ,
all the people have d ied wi thhunger,
they have fallen one uponanother,
spl ice these two ropes together ,
they l ive in great affl iction , or
through much toi l ,he has bui l t a house on the
bank of the G anges ,
he d rove the carriage two kos ,when one ofthe wheels broke ,
12am ne afn i éLzarc/z balzm‘
éam éard z'y d Im i .y z
'
lz r dpaz’
us ko zarfi r wdpasbaffle lzorige.
sz'
pa/z-refld'
r ne ck rz'
pd /zi ko
mu'
a’
f kz’
ya’
.
apfze kdgéag par m l’
star karo,
taélz'k/zo.
fab (idmz‘
m i re blzzZé/z ke marga ,
e lzaz’
zi .
wulz eéd zisrepar gaff -pare.
[ 6ami n dozzozém ssz
'
yozi ko mz
’
la'éar
wu/z ban“
takl z‘
f se gugrd /z
éarte lzaz'fi .us 7te Gangd be éz'mz' re ek
maka‘
n bandyd baz.
do kos gri n“
ko Izaréédyd t/za' él '
eépa/zz'
y ci guy-gaya'
.
E xercisa — Two women were quarrell ing with one another
about a ch i ld , and nei ther of them had any witness. Havinggone before the judge , the one continued saying ,
“T he ch i ld ism ine and the other also was saying ,
“T he ch i ld is m ine ,
0 your worsh i p , g ive me justice . T he judge , be ing helpless ,sent for the executioner, and s aid to h im , O f th is ch i ld maketwo pieces , and give one to each of these women. O n hearingthe ord er ofthe judge , the executioner d rew the sword ; and wasabout to cut the ch i ld in two. During th is , one of the women
stood sti ll , and said noth ing , but the other woman , weepingaloud , said ,
“O S ir, d o not kil l my ch ild ; i f such is justice,I give up my c laim . For G od
’
s sake give her the ch i ld . O n
hearing th is , the judge became conv inced that th is ind eed wasthe real mother. T o her he gave up the ch i ld and to the other
woman having g iven punishment, he ord ered h is people to
expel her from the country.
LESSO N 40 .
why should we run awav , there 1mm ky zb i b/zdgeri , yalzd fi kuc/z/z
is no d anger here? Maaf 7za/z z‘ 72
PRO GRESS I VE LESSONS A ND EXERC I SES . 63
he has abandoned h is late um e apne ag le dos/ad Kro c/21207
friend s ,
they went to Europe sixmonths c/zlza malzz‘
ne iz zi,e él ’ wzz/z
ago ,wz
’
lziwzt ga ,e.
on hearing a statement O f th is z'
s- tara lz kz‘
Mt rim /re
sort, they began to laugh ,lzafém e Inge.
gard ener , sow the seed of th is ma'
l z' , {S p/2171 h i 617°édgfi mm
flower in the gard en , 60.
he has taught us with great um e ban”
mz'
l mrzt se /zam éolabour, si /é/zdyd Iza z
'
.
by the grace O f G od we have k/zua’d kz
‘
mz
’
lzréa’ n i re [ mm m
found repose ,d ra
'
m pciyd .
it is very cloudy , perhaps it éa/zut clz/zdyd lza z'
,s/zdyad
wi ll rain much , fi dm‘
£14225 barsegd .
he has amassed much wealth um e ba/zut 7nd ! aur matti'
and property , jam’
kiy d lza z'
.
in th is house there is a hall is g/zar mm eéd i ld ri aw '
tin
and three rooms , kawre lzaz’
ré.how long is it S ince you re kz
'
tne d in 1212; él’
tum 72e yz’
lz
ceived th is news ? élzabar pdjExercisa— A fox having seen a crow s itting on the branch
O fa tree ,with a fi ne p iece Of cheese in h is mouth , began to
th ink in her own heart , H ow shal l I get th is d el ic ious morse linto my own possession ? She then said aloud , 0 Master
C row , I am quite d el ighted to see you th is morning : your
e legant figure and b lack feathers have entirely fasc inated myheart. Will you s ing to me one of your charm ing songs , so
that the pleasure of my ears may be l ike that of my eyes ?
O n hearing th is flattery , that fool ish crow opened his mouth
that he m ight Show his Skil l in music . A s soon as he openedh is mouth to sing , the piece of cheese fell upon the ground .
T he fox immed iately se ized it , and walked away , saying , Myd ear friend , your voice is a l ittle out of tune to-d ay : prayremain s i lent ti l l I have gone some d istance. In the mean
time , rece ive th is ad vice of m ine— N ever pay any attention to
the word s ofthose who flatter you.
LESSO N 41 .
they,l ive wi th their parents , wu/z apne mzi éa‘p be riff/z ra/zfe
lzaz’
fi .
we have taken a walk on the lzam ne daryd ke bina‘
re sax’
r
bank Of the river, 132“
Iza z' .
64 PROGRESS I VE LESSO NS A N D EXERC I SES .
for how much w i ll you sel l z'
se bz'
l zze bo mere fi dwz'
nd be
(th is) to m y master ? luff/z bee/zoge .5’
[is there anyth ing to be had there tea/1.172 bueb/z b/zcine p ine bz
'
for eating and d rinking ? e/zz’
z mi l ti lza i
are you at all aware where they {11m bo bue/z/z ma'
l zim baz’
bz'
are gone ecu/z babd zi ga,e baz
’
fi
remain here unti l we return , ya/zz’
zi flm/zro jabrab bz'
bam
plzz’
r d,e72.
the kni fe fel l from my hand were luff/z re c/z/zzzrz‘
darya‘
me72into the r iver , gz
'
r
in speaking H industani , our zaba’
n bol /ze meri
general faul t is in not bamrira‘
bug' zi r abgjar yz’
lzz‘
pronounc ing each ind ividual bo/ci lzaz’
, bz'
judejude ba ijfobletter ful ly , b i i p zi rd ta laf uz nalzz
‘
zi barfe
ba z' zi .a man who cannot Speak the jo slzablzs 7m logofi bi zaba
’
n na
language of the people bol—sabz‘d lw bz'
jz'
n be n i t/zamong whom he sojourns Md 0 h i s/z bare, use bd
'
ze
may sometimes be in d anger wabt b/zs /ze marne bd
ofStarving , d udes/m baz'
.
he tel ls you to speak to h im in tum se babni lzaz’
bz'
men“
h is own language , zabd n me72muj/z se bola.
E xerez’
sa— A certain washerman had an ass , wh ich he usedto let go in a gard en for the purpose of grazing. T he peopleof the gard en used to beat the ass , and d rive h im away fromthence. O ne day the washerman fastened around h im a tiger
'
s
Skin , and said ,A t the time of n igh t go you into the gard en
to graze , and d o not make any noise . Even SO every nightthe ass in the tiger
'
s skin used to go into the gard en. VVhen
ever the people saw h im by n ight , they used to th ink for certainthat th is was a tiger. O ne n igh t the gard ener h imself saw him ,
and from fear he went up into a tree. In the meantime , another
ass wh ich was in that neighbourhood mad e a noise , and the ass
O fthe washerman ,on hearing that , also raised his voice , and
began to bray in the manner of al l asses. T he gard ener, on
hearing his noise , d iscovered what he was. H e came d own
from the tree, and hav ing thoroughly beaten the ass , he d rove
h im out O f the gard en . Hence , on th i s subject'
the wise men
have said,
for asses’
s ilence is best.
66
what a b lockhead you are to
require repeated orders for
such th ingsbring bread , b iscuit,m eats , cake , etc
you know I cannot d rink teaw ithout cream ,
the bread is very bad , and fullO fsand ,
d ischarge the baker i f he ever
dare to send such bread
sweet
M ISC ELLANEO US D IALO GUES A N D EXERC ISES .
111111 byd abwab 110 ! bz'
az'
rz'
on be wdrte tum bo bd r
bd r bubmbz
’
rbzd , mfg/1d}, beb ,ma
jdm‘e Izo bi ma id mo ld}
bégiza z’
r e/1d nalzz‘
ri p i -rabtd .
7‘
oi 1‘
nz'
lzdyat aur 111111
blzarz‘
lza z .nd a -od 1 bojawdode dead agar
bab/u‘
101111 a1r1'
7 012 é/zej/zehere ,
the waterwith wh ich th is tea 15
b1‘
jar/11 bare.
jzr pdn z’
re yz/z e/zd band}gajmad e has not been bo i l ing ; 11111 101112 blzaal td 71a thd ; 1
'
r
it has no taste at all . men la zzat mutlab
these eggs are not fresh ; from y zlz ande td ze bzr-re 111171
whom have you brought ne [ lye 11am fi’gh zrazl d andonthem N ever bring any to be r1wd
,e our barb/z
the table but those that are mez -par mat ld ,o.
laid at home ,
Exerezflre — O ne n ight a bd zz' found in a book that whoever
has a small head and a long beard 1s a fool . T he bd zz'
, havinga smal l head and a long beard , said to h imsel f, “ I cannotincrease the S ize of the head , but I wil l Shorten the beard .
"
H e sought for sc issors , but could not fi nd them . Hav ing no
other course , he took hal f h is beard in h is hand , and carriedthe
‘
other half toward s the lamp when the hair took fi re , the
flames reached h is hand ; upon wh ich , letting go his hold , the
beard was entirely consumed , and the bdz i Overwhelmed wi thshame , as it ver ified what was wr itten in the book .
L ESSON 43.— O N DINNER .
tell the cook to have the d inner odware/zz'
re babo bz’
1211 bajeready at three o
'
clock ,sir, d inner is ready , rd lzz
'
b, b/zd nd faz'
yd r 11111.
where is the soup and the rlzorbd aur r/zorbd pi ne bd
soup-Spoon ? e/zame/za ba/zd b lza ibring a hot-water plate , garm pdm
‘
bd od ran [ d,0 .
some bread , potatoes , greens , bur/111 12112, rdg , barm
cabbage , caul iflowers , tur —boéz, r/za lgi am,
n i ps , carrots, cucumbers , ga‘
jar , b/zzre.
M ISCELLANEOUS D IALOGUES A N D EXERC ISES .
letme have a clean plate , kn ife ,
fork , Spoon , salt , mustard ,
vinegar ,pepper,horse-rad ish ,
O il , and everyth ing of th issort.
67
ob rdf ribdbi , ebbur i , bd d id ,
ebameba , namab , rd}; ri rba ,
mzreb , rabajd d , tel , aur rab
ebz’
zed irz‘
.tarab-bi mujbe do.
let me have of every sort of mezpar bar eb garabbi tarbdm‘
vegetab le on the table , and
tel l me the name ofeach .
what do you cal l that vege
table ?get one d ressed for me everyd ay, and tel l me the
'
name
of each as I eat it, ti l l yousee I can call for everyth ingof th is sort by its propername ,
do so with e veryth ing else , as
th is wi l l be a capital planfor learn ing and d igestingth is useful tongue , being at
once a meal and a lesson ,
bring some beef, mutton ,veal ,
fi sh , mm,and venison ,
can y ou d ress
d ishes wel l ?what fruits are in season now?
bring me some ofeach sort,
Hindustani
to-morrow we shal l d ine in thecountry , send everyth ing intime ,
will th is meat keep so long 1n
th is weather
buebb baebb rabbo, our eb
eb. bd b dm mujbe batd 0.
ar tarbd r i bo byd babie bo
bar roz mere Ziye eb pabd d d ,
aurjab mai d bbd/12d tab bar
eb bd b dm mujbe batd d djabrab bi tum y ib 71ajad lo bia iri bar eb eb iz bd maid tbz
‘
bb dm ba i d -rabtdbd d .
bareb eb iz med bb i aird b i
baro, by d bi ir mufi d zabd d
be ribbd e aar yd d bard e bd
y ib aebebbd gar iba bai , bi
rabab o {abab donad b i bai d .
baebb gd ,e bd gorbt ld ,o, bder
bd gorbi , baebbg'
e bd gorbz‘
,
maebb l i , margb i , b irad bd
gorbt.
H i d dd ri d d z'
bbd d d tam aebcbbd
pabd -rabie bo
bi r bir mewe bi ab farl baibar birm re tbord tbord mere
fdr id 0.
bam bdl d ibd t med bbd d d
bbd edge, rab eb ized barwabt
i r ma d ram med y ib gorbt ztd z
der tbabregdnow you may all d epart, you ab tum rabjd o, 7714 5 111 baz.
have leave ,
Exerez'
re.—LA person said to h is servant, I f you see two
crows together early in the morning , apprise me ofit, that I mayalso behold them , as it wi ll be a good omen ,
whereby I Shal lpass the whole day pleasantly .
’
crows in one place : he informed h is master ;
In'
Short, the servant saw two
but wh en the’
latter came , he saw only one , the other having flown away. H e
68 M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES AND EXERC ISES.
was very angry , and began to beat the servant at wh ich time“
a friend sent h im some v ictuals . T he servant said ,
“O mylord you saw only one crow, and have Obtained victuals had
you seen two, you would have got a beating.
L ESSO N 44 .— O N N AM ING , TELL ING , SPEAK ING , ET C .
what is the name of th is ? irbd byd 11dm ba i
what d o you cal l th is th ing ? z'
r eb iz bo byd bab ie bo
what do they cal l that m 11rbo H i d d d ri d d i zabd d med
Hindustani ? byd bab ie ba id
can you tell m e where Mr. i 11111 bab -rabie do-bi rd bib
l ives babd d rab ie ba id
tel l me the name of th is in 211111 apd i zabd d med irbd 1i d 11i
your own language. to ba ia’
p .
d o not tell anyone what I said 11r bi ia'
b b i bd bai jo buebb turnto you about that book , re ma i d 11e babd biri re 11a
bab d d .
he would not tell me wh ich O f urbi marz i 11a ib i jo mujb re
the two was yesterd ay'
s or bab id bi i 1i donad rababod
to morrow s lesson , med ba1111 ba l -bd ba i,a 11r
baud bal—bd bogd .
your servant d oes not m ind 11) ap d e 11a11bar re Jo babie
what you say to h im , ba1d wub md 11id d ab i n .
tel l h im he is a great rogue , i1r re babo bi i d rabb i dag/1a“
and that he is always tel l ing bd z ba i,our ai d e d bd be
h is master no end of l ies. rdm d e bamerba 17112111 be
(li t. he is constructing bridges p 11! bd d db id ba i .of l ies),
well , I w i ll not speak to h im . aebebba , ma id ur-re 11a bol d dgd .
as I may get angry and beat byd‘ajab bi mujde gburra
h im but g ive h im h is wages d -jd 13 our z1re md r bazibd d .
and d ismiss h im , bararemazd d r i debar rubbra i
bar -do.
what d id he say when you told jdb tum 11e mere i bi r d 11e tabh im to remain ti ll I returned ? 11re ibabard e babd to 11r11ebyd
babd
he said he had bus iness and 11r11e babd bi m11j/1e bdm ba i ,
could not possibly remain , mai d biri tam /1 d abz’
d rab
rabi d .
d id you ask h im ofwhat nature bya’
i umd e 11r re pd ebbd bi wubthe business was bdm bir iarab bd bai
y es , I d id ask ; but he said it bd d , pd ebbd to ibd , magar z1r1ze
was an affair ofsecrecy wh ich badd bi wub bbed b i bd i ba i
he could not d ivulge , urbo maid baya‘
d d ab id bar
rabi d .
M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALOGUES A ND EXERC ISES: 69
they speak Engl ish among w11b dpar med adgrez i bol ie
themselves and Urdu wi th bai d 11111 bam re U1'd 12.
us ,
they wil l know h im to be wub are pardesi b i jd d edge,a foreigner, _
though he Speaks agarebi zoub H 111d12ri d 11i
Hindustani very grammati zabd d babui bdbd’
1da bol i d
cally ,
could I speak Hindustani agar mai d H 1'
11d 12ri d 11i zabdn
I would with pleasure ; but , bolrabid , ia bburb i re bol i d
alas, I_
cannot join two sen par.
afi or ba i . bi 11r zabd n
tences together in that med ma i d do jamle m i ld
tongue , 11ab i d rabi d bad .
you wil l be ab le to speak it in tum ebad d bi mab inod med 501
a few months , and you Ought raboge, i ambed ebd biye bi
to practise speaking it with aire bar eb d dmi re bold baroeveryone who is ab le to tel l bi jo rabib iaur par boind
you how to speak it wel l , ba id rabe.
how much I regret not to be mujbe bir badar afror bai biable to und erstand what H i 11d 12ri d 11i zabd 11med /owub
they say in Hindustani , bol i e bai d mai d ramajb11ab i d rabi d .
I take the l iberty to inform you gari dbb i ma'
df maid dp-réthat noth ing but practice bab id b12d bi mar/1b be riwd
,
will enab le you to speak our biri rey ib bo11e bd 11ab id
with fluency, bi dp re 50! rabed .
E xerci se — A poet went to a_rich man , and bestowed great
praises on h im ; at wh ich the latter , be ing pleased , said ,
I have not any money at command , but a large quantity of
grain : i f you come again to-morrow,I wil l give you some .
T he poet went h ome , and early the next morn ing went againto the rich man , who asked him why he was come. H e
answered ,
“Yesterday yOu prom ised to give me some grain ,
and I am now come for it."
T he other repl ied , Y ou are an
egregious fool ; you d el ighted me with word s , and I have alsopleased you ; why , therefore , Should I give you any corn ?
T he poet went away ashamed .
L ESSO N 45.—O N V IS IT ING , SH O PP ING , ET C .
bring the palki near me , i d ibi merefd r id ,o.
takeme to Mr.— ’
s,
11111jbe rd bib be d d d le
jd 0 .
send the peon on before to see p iyd de bo dge bbejdo b1 debbei f the gentleman be at home rd bzb gbar med bazd b1
or not, 11ab i d .
70
bring the palki close to the d oor,go as fast as you can ,
ask i f the gentleman has goneout, and when hewi l l return ,
g ive my compl iments to your
master, and g ive th is note
to him when he returns ,
you have lost the road to Mr.
’
5 house th is is not it.ask the people in that house to
Show you the way ,
go to the C h ina bazar, [ s ide ,
keep on th is s ide or on that
take care you d o not go near
that bull ,keep clear Of that dust on the
road ,
let that chair go on before ,
keep beh ind my brother’
s chair,
bring the umbrella to th is S ide ,
d o not go near the carr iage ,
put d own the palki ,stop , I am going to th is shOp ,
what is the price of th is book ?I wi ll not give so much ,
I won'
t give hal f the price youask ,
M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALOGUES A ND EXERC I SES .
pd lbi da1'wd ze re bbi rd -do.
ji i d d iezjd -rabojd ,o.
pd ebbo bi rdbib bdbar ga,e
baid bi 11ab i d,o ur .babpb i r
dwedge.
tum ai d e rdbi b bo merd raldm
babad , our y ib ebi i ib i 1111bo
ded d jab 101111pb i r d ,ed .
tum 11e rd b ib be gbar bi
rdb gum bi ,yi li rdria 11ab i d .
i1r gbar be d dmiyod re babo bi
i 11111bo rdb d ibbd -ded .
Cb ind bd zd r b i rdb lo.
ir garaf 1‘
abo, yd 11r,
ia1'
af.
bi zabar—dd r ,11r rd d a
'
be fd r11ajd d d .
1'
drie b i 11r gara'
re bar/10.
i1rjbappd d bo dgejd d e-do.
mere bbd}bejbappd d bep i eb/zerabo.
ebbd id (or ebba i r i ) ir ia‘
raf1a”
,o.
gd r i befdr mat/d o.
pd lbi d i ebe 1abbo. [ 111211.rabo , ma i d i r d 12bd 11 med /aid .
i r bzi db b1 b ima t bai 11111 .f’
mazd i i 11d 11a d 12dga'
.
i um jo md dgie do, urbi d d/zi
bb i b imat 11a d 12dgd .
I d o not want the book , but i f mujdey ib bi ia’
b darba'
r 11ab i d ,
you give it very cheap I maypurchase it ,I have no cash about me , but
i f you will fol low me you
wi l l receive your money at
my house ,
bring the book wi th you , and
then receive its price ,
Exereire.— O ne day a tyrann ic king ,
lebi 11 agar babai rar i i beebo,
iomai d z1re moi le-rabi d 111212.
merepd r aabd 11ab i d ba i , le bi d
agar i 11111 merep i ebbep i e/zbed,o, io mete gbar par i umbo
rupa i m i ledge.
bi i d b ai de rd i/z 1d 71d , tab urb-d
having gone out of the
c i ty unattend ed , saw a person s i tting under a tree , ofwhom he
inquired , \Vhat is the character of the k ing of th IS country ?
is he oppressive or just ?T he king said , Do you know me
?
H e answered H e is a great tyrant.
H e answered , N o.
M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES AN D EXERC ISES . 71
T he king rejo ined ,
“ I am the monarch of th is place. T he
man was terrified , and asked , DO you know who I arri ?
T he king said he d id not. H e rejoined , I am the son of such
a merchant ; three days in every month I lose my senses , and
th is is one ofthose three d ays. T he king laughed ,and end ed
the conversation.
L ESSO N 46 .— O N WALK ING
,R ID ING , ET C .
“
he is gone out somewhere to zoab pbi r d e bo bab i d bdbar
walk , 2.
I shal l go out also , and walk mai d b11i bd bar jd ,12dgd aur
round the fort, b i i’
e b i ebd rod taraf pbi r a
in”my country people walk
a great d eal ,can you walk much ?I l ike walking very much , and ,
were I not lame ,I would
walk out with you,
walking in the open field whenit is cool is h igh ly benefic ialto health ,
do nOt walk among that grass ,lest you tread on a snake ,
is the horse ready
put the sad d le well on ,
hold the brid le t i l l I be fairlymounted ,
take up the stirrup one hole ,
see that the re ins are strongand kept in constant repair ,
here , you groom , hold the
horse , I must d ismount for
a l i ttle ,
take care , he wi ll break awayfrom you,
see is that ground proper forthe horse to go over ,
coax h im that he may not be
restive ,
mere mulb med log babui
paidai eba i ie ba id .
i 11111 babui eba l rabie bo
maid fi dp d eba/d d babui para11d bar i d b d d , a11r agar
Zad grd 11a boi d ia dp be rd ibbdbarjd i d .
ibad a’e wabi maidd d med
pb i r d d iandururi i bo babui
i 1r gba’
rpar ma i pbi ro, mabddd
biri rd djbpar pd p d fare.
gbord iaiyd r bai
aebebb i iarab z i 1z bad dbo.
lagdm ibdme rabojab iab mam
aebebb-i iarab rawd r 11a bo
jd ,12d .
r ibdb bd eb gbar ebarbdp .
debbobdgmagbd i baid bi 11ab id ,
a 11r bamerba 11a/zed ib ib
ibdb rabbo.
ra,i r
,i dbar d , gbord pabar;
zard m11j/1e 11iar11d bai .
bbaaardd r wab iambd rebd ib
re ebb izi -jd ,egddebbo to 1111111 zam i 11 gbore be
eba l- d iba id e be Iii/b bai bi11abi d .
11re ebumbd ro bi be-eba i d i ri a
bare.
M ISC ELLANEO US D IALOGUES AN D EXERC I SES .
put a c loth over the horse'
s gbore be mud /1 par a d d/zer i
eyes ,
where is the sad d lecloth ,
crupper, the b it, be llyband ,
martingale , etc .
exam ine the place care fully ,
and see how . far the water
comes up , _
You must not give the horse
water now wh i lst he is so
very warm .
is th is a quiet horsedoes he stand fi re
walk him about , rub him wel ldown , and take care , at
your peri l , that he does not
catch cold ,
E xereire.— A learned man used to attend a mosque , and
preach to the people. O ne of the congregation wept con
stantly. O ne day the preacher said , My word s make a great
impression on
‘
th is man'
s heart , wh ich is the reason ofhis cryingso much . O thers O bserved thus to the man who wept T he
learned man d oes not make any impression on our m ind s '
what kind of a heart must you have to be always in tears ?H e answered ,
“ I d o not weep at h is d iscourse , but I hada favourite goat , of wh ich I was exceed ingly fond . When the
goat grew old he d ied now , wh enever the learned man Speaksand wags h is ch in , the goat comes to my remembrance ,
for
he had just such a long beard .
L ESSO N 47 .—O N SPO RT ING .
is there much game in th is ir g i rd—o- d a
'wd b med bi z/111ineighbourhood ?
r/zibd r b ai t?
there are wi ld buffaloes in a1'
11e io babui ba i d , a 11r barb/1
abundance , a few t igers . rber bb i , a11r bar i arab be
and all kind s of smaller bi ra11 aw '
ebboie ebboie
game , rb ibd r .
in every field there are par bar eb bbei med i i iar a 11r
trid ges and quai ls , and that ba i ered ba i d , am ‘
jb i lswamp is ful l of sni pe and ebabiyod a 11r 111111g£ds fod
water- fowl , re bbar i ba i .
zid-
porb ,d ame/11
"
, d dba'
na ,
pei i , zerbad d wagba i rababad ba i
11rjaga/1 boba -Mdbi jauebo, a11r
deb/10 bi pd d i babd d iab
(Uri bai .
gbore bo fd d i 11a dead ebdbiye
jab iab bi wub a ird gar /11
rabe.
y ib gbar ib gbord bai
iop a 11r bad d zib be ebb12i 11e re
bbazf
abid io '
d ab i d
z1re iab ldp ,aebebb i iarab ma lo,
a 11r aga r 11re rara’
i pabad eb ito i 11mjd 710.
74 M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GU ES AN D EX ERC ISES.
E xereire.—A woman was walking , and a man looked at her,
and followed her. T he woman said , Why d o you followme ? H e answered . Because I have fallen in love wi th you.
T he woman said , W hy are you in love with me ?my S ister ismuch hand somer than I am She is com ing after me go and
make love to her. T he man turned back , and saw a woman
wi th an ugly face . Be ing greatly d ispleased , he went again to
the other woman , and said , Why d id you tell a falsehood ?T he woman answered , N e ither d id you speak truth ; for i fyou are in love w i th m e why d id you go after another woman ?T he man was confound ed and went away in s i lence.
L ESSO N 48 .— O N TRAVELL ING .
how many stages is Delh i from ir rbabr re D ibi i iab bai
th is town mad zi ied ba id
is your boat read y i ambd r i birb i i ta iya’
r ba i
are al l you people ready to go i umbd re log rab iayyd r ba id
a voy age to Benares bi daryd bd rafar Bad d rar
what is the h ire of th is boat i r birb i i bd bi rdya do mab i d e
for two months ? be wd rie bi /d d bogd
at wh ich hour d oes the tid e bir wabi jawd r bogd jo izamserve to go up the river ebarbdp b1 tarafjdrd ?tod ay
?
we must not commence such .
a journey wi thout be ing provid ed with every necessaryand comfort , few of wh ichare procurab le on the way ,
both to avoid expense and ih
conven ience , we must reduce
our baggage to as smal la quanti ty as possible.
I am not going by water,I prefer going by land ,
we must have everyth ing wel lpacked to guard against allacc id ents , wh ich occur fre
quently by the carelessnessOf servants , ind epend ent Of
those common to al l travellers
,
bamed a ire rafar med bar eb
gard r i lawd zim a 11r d rdm
be rdmd d rd ib l ire bzgfi ai rel m/11d 11a ebd /ziye bi a ire
(lawd zim wagba i ra) rorie
med bam m i l ie bai d .
b_
bareb a 11r mur/zbi l d i re bar/me
be wdrie bam bo ebds e bi
mabd d r bbar arbdb bam
bared .
mam iar i bi ra'
b re 11aja,12dg12,
fi urbbi bi rdb bib ior bog i .
bamed ebdb iye ,
bi'
a ldwa 1111'
d 111 bd d irod be jo rab murd
flrod bo ld bib boie bo i d ,
fi d r 11a11barod bi gba/Za i re
bd i baebd e be l iye rab cb i zod
bo ae/ze/zb i larab re bad db
M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES A ND EXERC ISES . 75:
come , chairman , in whoseservice are you, and when
. d id you arrive in C alcutta ?how many other chairmen are
with you ?d esire the people always to
pitch the tents near water ,and , i f possib le , und er trees.
are they all your countrymen
only, or your relationswhat tribe ofcha irmen is there
here who make more moneythan the rest
what d istrict is th is vi llage in ,
and who is the magistrateof it ?
how very h igh ly cul tivated the
country is through wh ichwe passed to-day
tel l the proprietor of that
vi llage to send some Of h is
people in the even ing to beatup the game for us ,
take care that everyth ing is pa idfor, and that no violence beused against the vi llagers ,
Exereire.— A m iser said to a friend , I have now a thousand
rupees , wh ich I will bury out Of the c ity, and I wi ll not tel l th issecret to anyone besides yoursel f . In short , they went outof the c i ty together , and buried the money under a tree.
‘
Some
d ays after , the m iser went alone to that tree , but‘
found no
s igns of h is money. H e said to h imself, “Excepting that
friend , no other has taken it away ; but i f I question him , he
wil l never confess.
"
H e therefore went to h is house , and said ,
A great d eal of money is come to my hand s , wh ich I wantto put in the same place ; i f you wi ll come to-morrow , we wil lgo together. T he friend , by coveting th is large sum , replacedthe former money, and the m iser the next d ay went therealone , and found his money. H e was d el ighted with h is own
contrivance , and never again placed any confid ence in friend s.
byzid mabre, ti 1m bir be bad
babd r i bar ie do a 11r Kalba i ie
med bab re d,e bo .
f’
i ambd re rd ib b1'
i 11e a11r babd r
bai d
logod re bab—do bi bamerba
fd d i be nazd ib bbaimabbard bored ,
a11r agar do
rabe, ia. darabb iod be ia le.
wb rab d i re iumbd re der bba,1
baid bi 11d ie r irb ie be
baunri g d i babd rod bi a iri ba i
bi ziydda r 11pa ,i aurod re
yabd d bamd rabi i bai i’
y ib gd ,od bir g i l'
e med bai
a11r yabd d bd bdbim baud
bai ?
ji r rarzam i d bo dj bam ia ibarbe d
,e wabd d b i bbei i
byd bb d b bai /i 1r gd ,od be zamzd dd r re babo
bi rbdm bo ai de ba, i d dm ibbej-de, bi bamd re wdr i e
rb ibd r gber- ld
,ed
b_
babard d r rab eb i zod bi bimat
d i -jd ,e, a 11r bari i wd lod parbuebb 1
5 111111 11a bo
76 M I SC ELLANEOUS D IALOGUES AN D EXERC ISES .
L ESSO N 49 .— W ITH A MUNSH I .
munshi Sah ib , I am very gladto see you ; why have you
been absent SO long
have you brought me the worksofSauda?
can you teach me both the
Hindustani and Persian languages
11hat are the best books
d o not allow m e to pronouncebad ly ,
d o not use so many hard word s ,
tel l me a Short h istory , or the
news of the day ; for , unlesswe converse much together ,how can I learn to speak
your business is to teach me
the real pronunc iation and
id iom of the language ,
is th is correct or not ?pray, sir , in your opin ion , is
H industani or Pers ian the
more d ifli cult ?
as to the d ifl‘i culty of Hindustani there can be no d oubt ,but it is more necessary than
Persian we are thereforestriving to learn it. C an youteach us
do say, in your O pin ion , for the
person who has transactionsof all sorts w i th both the
h igh and the low throughout
Hindustan , of these two lan
guages , viz. Hindustani and
1111111rb i rd bib, mujde dp bo
d ebbbar babui bburb ii i d i m 11ddai dp yaba
’
d by zi d
11a d,e
mere wd ri e S aadd bi bul l iyd i
ld,e ba id .
9
H 1°
11d 12rid 11i a 11r F d rri zabd a
110110 dp mujbe par/1d rabie
bai d
ba 111z ri bi /a'
bed rab re acbebb i
ba l dbard ia laj
'
az 11111j/1e ba1'
11e
11a d ijiy e.
a ire 11111r/1b1'
i a lfd z 11a iri 1 md l
eb 11111bb iarar b1'
rra ,yd a] bai bi
bbabar mujlzre babiye by zi d
bi agar bam bdbam M125
g 11fig 12 11a baredge ia mai d
bol d d by d d bar ribb12dgd 2’
dp bd y ib i bdm bai bi rab i d
ialaj’
ag a 11r zabd d be mabd
ware m 11jbe ribbd ,ed .
y ib ibib ba i bi 11ab id
babiye rdbib dp bi d d d iri med
H 1
'
11d 12ri d 11i zabda yd F a'
rri
baz11z-ri z iyd da m11rbb1'
l ba i 1?
H 1'
11d12rid 11i zaba’ d be i rbbd l
med to bur/1b rbub/za 11abi d
lebi d F d rri re‘
11rbi z iyd da
gard ra i ba i , iri wdrie 11a-111
11rbe ribbd e b i bor/zirb bar ie
ba id , dp domed ribb ld
rabedge ?
bba id bab iye to, dp be b_
baya’
l
med 11r rbabbr be wd r ie ] 0
bar iarab bd bd r 0 bd r a 11r
rarobd r ebboie a 11r bare
donod birm be logod re
iamdm H 1'
11d 12rid 11'
med
M ISCELLANEOUS D IALOGUES A‘
ND EXERC ISES . 77
Persian , wh ich is the more
requisite ?
in acquiring Hindustani , whatis your ad vice ? Speakcand id ly , that I may learnthe language accord ingly ,
and remain eternally obl igedto you on that account ,
S ir , your remark is just ; and
I am surprised that other
Engl ish gentlemen do not
th ink the same way,
in European languages we
reckon eight or n ine partsof speech ; in H ind fi stani
you reckon only three , viz.
the noun , the verb , and the
particle ,
Exereire.—A horseman went to a c ity , and hearing there
were many th ieves in the place; said to h is groom at n ight,“Do you sleep , and I will keep watch , for I cannot rely on
.you. “ T he groom answered ,
“A las my lord , what word s are
these I cannot consent to be asleep and my master awake.
In short, the master went to s leep , and three hours afterward sawoke , when he cal led out to
'
the groom , What are you
d oing ? H e answered , I am med itating how G od has spreadthe earth upon the water. T he master said , I am afraidlest the th ieves come and you know noth ing of it. H e replied ,
O my lord ! rest satisfied , I am on the watch . T he horse
man went to sleep again , and awaking at m idnight , he calledout , Holloa , groom ! what are you d oing ? H e answered ,
I am considering how G od has supported the Sky withoutpil lars. H e repl ied ,
“I am afraid that am id st your med ita
tions the th ieves will carry away the horse . H e repl ied , O
my lord ! I am awake ; how can the th ieves come ?”
T he
caval ier again went to sleep , and an hour Ofn ight remain ing ,
he awoke , and asked the groom what he was doing. H e
replied ,
“ I am considering , S ince the th ieves have stolen the
horse , whether I shal l carry the sadd le upon my head to
morrow, or you, sir.
rabb id bo, 11re H 1'
11d 12ri d 11i
a11r F d rri dod od med re
baud ri zabd d zi yd da zar 12r i
bai
H i d d zi ri d d i zabd d b i tabri i be
bd re med dp bi'
byd ra idbba i , rdf bab iye bi ma id i1r be
bamzijib zabd d ribb12d , di bdir bd i bd bamerba ibrd d
1d a/1d rabd dgd .
ap d urari farma ie ba111 a 11r
ia'
afjad bai bi a 11r rd bibd d i
A dgrez aird 11ab i d Mayd i
bar ie.
Faradg i zabd d od med ba l ime
b i d ib yd 111111 birmed ba id
H i d d d ri d d i med ri rf i i d
baid , ya'
11e, irm a11r]? l aar
78 M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES AND EXERC ISES.
L ESSO N 50 .-W ITH A N AT IvE O FF IC ER.
the recruits will go to bal l praetice every even ing ,
when was th is man enl istedpress the butt wel l to the
shoulder,pul l the trigger strong with them id d le finger,
at what time does the battal ionmar ch to-morrow morning?
how many men are for piquetto-n ightpray , sir , to what regiment d o
you be longis your whole regiment at pre
sent quartered here, or elsewhere P
do you know where it was firstraised
what rank d o you hold , and
how long have you been an
Offi cer ?
what is your pay, and do you .
rece ive the whole monthlyor not ?
und er s'
uch Offi cers as you in
our army , how many men
are generally placed ?
does a sold ier’
s continuance on
guard last from sunr ise tilln ine O
'
clock , or ti l l twelveo
'
clockhave you clearlyunderstood all
that I have said or not ?
be not in the least apprehen
s ive in answering me Speakwhatever you please withoutreserve , I will not take it inthe least am iss,
bar roz rbdm bo 11a,e ripd b i
ebd d d md r i be wdriejd / dge.
y ib bab bbar i i bd dbad da moddbe par aebrbb i
zarab dabd ,o.
bi eb'
b i 11dg1i labiabi par zor re
d dbo.
fajar bir
bareg i
djrd i b1'
i 1zejawd 11 bibaii
b i
11a11bar i be wdri e ba idbabo, m iyd d i 11m bir
'
pal iadbe bo
I
dj-ba l i ambd r i iamdmpal iadyabd d ia 111ai bai bi a 11r
bab i d f?
i ambed buebb ma'
112m ba i bi
wab fab le babd d bb'
ar i b i2,i
ib i
dp by d'
abda rabb ie ba id , a11r
bab-re'
ubd e-ddr bd i d .9
wabi pa l iad bd eb
di bi iad b_ b1odb byd ba i , a11r
dp bo mdb-ba-md b pd r i mi l i iba i bi 11ab i d
d; re'
ubdedd rod be md -iabibamd re yabd d be larbba r
med , bi i 11e jawd d abrar
rab ie ba id fé’
pabar d in obarde iab
ripdb iyod bd
bai , ydfajr re dopabar tab
jo buelzb mai d 11e tum-re bad d
ro i 11m z1re acbebb i iarabramajb- liye
jawd b ded e med buebb b_b_a 11f
ma i baro ; jo bucbb bo ro be
dbarab babo, bam dargi e
bard 1i a md d edge.
M ISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES A ND EXERC ISES . 79
Exereire.—A certain man -went to a darwesh , and proposed
three .questions : F irst : W hy d o they say that G od is omn ipresent I do not see H im in any place Show me where H e is .
Second : W hy is man pun ished for crimes , since whateverhe does proceed s from G od ? Man has no free wi l l , for he cannotd o anyth ing contrary to the will ofGod ; and i f he had power,he would d o everyth ing for h is own good . Th ird . H ow can
God punish Satan in hell-fi re , since he is formed Ofthat element
and what impress ion can fi re make on itsel f T he darwesh
took up a large clod of earth , and struck h im on the head withit. T he man went to the bd zi and said ,
“ I proposed three
questions to such a d arwesh , who flung a clod of earth at me.
T he bdgi , having sent for the darwesh , asked , Why d id youthrow a clod ofearth at his head , instead ofanswering his questions T he darwesh replied , T he clod Ofearth was ananswerto his Speech : he says he has a pain in his head ; let him Showthe pain ; then I wi l l make God vis ib le to hi m : and why does
he make a complaint to you against me ; whatever I d id was the
act of G od— I d id not strike h im w ithout the wil l of Godwhat power do I possess ? and as he 15 formed Ofearth , how can
he suffer pain from that element T he man was confounded ,and the bd z i h igh ly pleased with the darwesh
'
s answer.
L ESSO N 51 .—W ITH A HEAD SERVANT .
do you speak our language .
yes , sir , I can speak a l ittleEngl ish ,
I have not yet learned to speakHindustani ,
where d o you now l ive ?pray what is your name ? letme know also your master
’
s
name ,
how long have you been inthatg entleman
’
s service ?where is your native country,
and how far may it be hence ?do people
'
in general go there
by land or water ?
what is the most importantarticle of trad e in that
country,
’
and what th ings areproduced in greatest abun
dance there ?
i zem damar i zabd d bol ie bo .9
bd d rdbzb, ma1d A d grezi baebb
buebb bol rabi d b12d .
maid 11e ab iab H i d d d rid d i
bold i 11ab i d ribb i .
ium dj-ba i babd d rabie do iby 12d /i , i 11mbd rd b dm bj/d ba i
a11r apd e rdbib bd d dm bd i
ba i ld o.
bab re 11r rdbzb be d d d naabar
bo i’
iambd rd wa iad. babdd bai ,
a11r yabd d re bi i d i d 12r bogd
wabd d obrar log b_
b 11rbb~i b i
rd b rejd ie baid bi iar i re 2’
ur mulb med raaddgar i b i
rab re bar i ji d r byd ba i a11r
wabd d byd byd eb i z ed barrai
repaid d boi i bai d
8o M ISC ELLANEO US D IALOGUES A ND EXERC ISES.
are your parents al ive or not. i 11111bd 1e mad bdp ji te bai d biand d o you ever go to see 11ab i d , a 11r 111111 babb i apd e
your relations and friend s’
azi zod doriod b i mula'
bd i bo
bb i jd ie dod o you know at what rate i ambe d barb/1 bba bar ba i bi
copper sells in the market i d d bd yabd d bd zd r med birhere ? bbd
,o bibi d ba i
what , cannot you even say that byd ti1m i i 11i bd i bd i 11ab i d
one pice worth of -copper bab rabie bi eb paire bd
w i ll be the weight or s ize of i d d bd paz’
rd bbar bogd bi
a pice or not ? 11ab i d
do you know nowadays at 111 d 11zod i 11m jad ie do b1 rer
what rate a seer of m i lk bbar d 12db rbabr med b1i 11e
sel ls in the c ity , and in the bo bibi d ba i ? a 11r bdba r
country for how much ? bi t1ze bo .f’
you may now d epart, bar ab ti1mjd ,a,rubbra i ba i .
E xereire — A certain king had a w ise wazir, who resigned h isoffice , and employed h imsel f in worsh i pping God . T he kingasked the nob leswhat was becom e of the wazir ; they answeredthat , having quitted his exalted station , be employed h imself Inserving the De ity. T he king went to the wazir, and asked , Owazir, what offence have I comm itted that you quitted myservice ? " H e answered , S ire ,
for fi ve reasons have I d oneth is . firstly, because you used to Sit and I remained stand ingin your presence ; now , I serve G od , who has commanded me
to si t at the time of prayer : second ly , you ate , wh i lst I waslooking on ; now , I have found a Provid ence who eateth not
h imself, but sustains me th ird ly , you wh i lst I watchednow, I have a master who knows not slumber, but protects me
wh i lst I rest : fourth ly , I was always afraid that i f you shoul d
d ie I m ight experience some m isfortune from enem ies ; nowI serve a G od who is immortal , ne ither can enem ies do me any .
injury : fi fthly, w ith you I was afraid that . i f I should havecomm itted a fault you would not have forgiven me but H e
whom I now serve is so m erc i ful that i f I comm it a hund reds ins every d ay he pardons me.
L ESSO N 52 .
— BETWEEN A EURO PEAN DOC TO R A N D
A N AT I VE PAT I ENT.
tel l me what is the matter with babo i ambd rd bd l by d bai .
you,
how long have you been il l ? ti 1m bab re bima'
r do 1’
how d id the fever attack you poble tum/zed bu,b_
bd r b)f12d -bar
at first ? dyd idd
82 M ISC ELLANEO US D IALOGUES A ND EXERC ISES .
a good appetite .
"
T he physi c ian said ,
“Th is is theway to enjoyhealth . H e then mad e
_
h is obeisance and d eparted . T he
phys ic ian begins to speak when evi l would resul t from h is
s i lence ; e i ther when there is eating to excess , or when d eath
m ight ensue from too much abstinence. Then d oubtless , h is
speech is wisdom , and such a meal wi l l be productive ofhealth .
L E SSON 53.—BETWEEN A C I V IL IAN A ND A SAR ISH TA -DAR ,
O R N AT I VE O FF IC IAL.
pray , sarz'
s/zta-a’d r gd lzz
'
b, are sar z'
slzta-dd r sd lzz'
b d) md l ke
you somewhat versed in the [ aim re knell /z wdh’
f lza z'zi éz'
reyenue d epartment ? na/z i riwhat do they cal l a lease , and par/{d kz
’
séo rleczfzie Izaz‘
d , aur
what its counterpart ? éaéd k’
yat ky d [m i 1?
d o the farmers pay the revenue asdm i md l -gzzzar i {éz'
s‘zf-wd r
to G overnment by instal ad déarte lzai riyd ya/é-mm /zt?m ents or in the gross
d oes th is spec ies of revenue
come in before , or during ,
or after the cropd oes free land , or that not
assessed , pay anyth ing at
all to G overnment , or not , byway ofacknowledgment ?
who used to settle formerlythe assessment of the severald istricts
in what respect d oes the h im ingo aur patwd r i medfarkcounty reg istrar d iffer from d vd bai ?
the town or v il lage c lerkpray tel l me the true state of gard {Ii i /z i /zz
’
leba l dy to kl grip )?what are cal led .v/zz
'
kam i por y d clzaéod me72slziéami fi endtions ofa v i llage or farm , kyd h i t lzaz
'
is any paper cal led a d eed of kin“
h igfi ag pal /tar led ndw
abd ication or rejection , and éd z-ndwa Iza i yd bd z-da'
wd ,
what d oes it imply ? aur wée ma'
m‘ éyd lzaz
’
zi
in these d ays , when constab les i s zamdfle med jabéis i zamz’
n
are put over any land owner, dd r par 7712112091517 c/z/zufle
is dunage exacted , or not , lza i d fa laéd zza lag/d Iza z' éz'
and to what amount ? a 11r d is kaa’
r
2'
s jaralz kd mafi gzi l akgarfaglée dge,palzzn ie/zfd Iza i yd w eedi e/z me72, y d uséep i e/z/ze
mu'
dfi yd'
72e l d -Mi rdjzam i n re
due/i ll b/zi sar dd r meri
a’
dk/zz'
l lzofd Izai y d 72a/2:72
sa/dm-i y d nazrd fle ke gar/r
par E?
parganozi ki dgeéazméarz‘d Md 1?
MISC ELLANEOUS D IALO GUES A ND EXERC ISES . 83
in the Country d oes the con mufi zgfisa l med marl djz’
r do
tracting farmer or the land d d d dd r mz'
l l i Iza z' d i ' zamz‘
d
hold er rece ive the sustenance d d r do
money ?
what is the name of the paper jzs ddgfi ag med dz'
sz'
gdp d dz“
wh ich contains an account zamz‘
d,td ldb jdgjd l g iwd d a ,
ofthe tanks , orchard s , boun wa-
g fi az'
ra dd alzwd l l id/2ddaries , etc. , of any v i llage li d/ i Izotd lzaz
’
zzsdd d d m dyd
ba i ?
they cal l itmuwdzad a , or boun usdo muwd zad a y d radba
dary sketch , da d d i da/zl e ka z’d .
Exercise — A certain lawyer had a very ugly d aughter who
was arrived at a marriageab le age ; but although he offereda considerab le dower and other valuab les , no one was incl inedto wed her. Brocad e and d amask , and pearls and jewels , wi llappear d isgusting on a brid e who is ugly. A t last , throughnecessity , he married her to a b l ind man. I t is said that, inthe same year, there arrived from the island of Sarand ip
(C eylon) a famous phys ic ian who could restore sight to the
b l ind . They asked the father, W hy d o you not have your
son - in- law cured ? H e said , Because I am afraid that, i f heshould recover h is sight , he wi l l d ivorce my daughter , who isnow his wed d ed wi fe. I t is best that the husband of an uglywoman should be b l ind .
L ESSO N 54.—O N HOUSEKEEP ING .
butler ! have you brought a (djgdm dmd d ! ) tum (ddware/zi )eood ld
,e do2’
yes , madam one has come lzd d (mem-sd lzib), dj ed dy d
tO -day he is present here , lzaz'
y z'
lz lzd g z’
r lza z .can you coed l am (d/zd d d -fadd ) sad le lzoyes , madam I can prepare lzd d mem-gd lzz
'
d,bispae/zz
‘
s {aralztwenty or twenty- fi ve d z
'
s/zer,
ded/zd d e laz'
yd r dar sad ld lzzi d .
have you any eer l zfi ea les l zzm/zd repd : do; lza z'yes , madam ! certificates from jz
‘
lza'
d mem.sd lzz
'
b, das éd ra/z
ten or twelve ged l lemed , (salzz'
d- logod ) d z“
c/zz'
l l lzz'
yd d
daz’
d .
your certifi cates are good but tum/zdm‘
clzz'
ll/zz’
yd d to aelzelz/zz‘
I wi l l not g ive you sue/z d ig/z lzaz'
d ledz'
d ab/z i 1zam (z'
ln i
wages just now, landing/dd ) 72a dedge.
madam can please lzerself ; first (dug d r md lz’
d lzaz'
d ) pablesee my work ; should it be ddm ded/zled ; parad d bogd
approved , youwi l l ofyourself to d]? I n”
muj/ze z'
z‘
d d dedgz‘
d i'
g ive wiza l wi l l satz'
gfvme, merd pel bhar-id , e.
84 O N H O USEKEEP ING .
I wi ll try you for a month , and ed mab i‘
ne dam (tumda‘
rd ddmfor that time pay you seven
rupees ; after that , i f yourwork be good , I wi ll payyou ten rupees a month ,
very wel l , madam I will work ,
butler ! tel l th is man that we
want t/ze l i ttle breadfast earlyevery day, at seven o
'
c lock ,breadfast at e leven , tifi n at
three , and d inner , in the
even ing , at e ight O'
clock ,breadfast is on the table ,
the curry is good , but the
outlets are spoi led ,
i f he remain a short time , he
w i l l learn what d ind offoodyou eat,
two guests (outsi ders)wi l l d inehere to-day get whatever i s
requi red from the market atonce ,
bring a roastingfatal and some
ch ickens ,the butc/zer has not brought
mutton to- day,
has not the bader come yet?
make two or three toasts ,the mas ter and m istress bot/zd i ne out to- day ,
the butter -man has not come
yet , and breakfast—time is
at hand
let someone go gn iedly , and
bring the butter soon ,
the ti nn i ng of the cookingutensils is all off, send for
the ti n -man,
the coo/dingr ingred ients also are
finished ,
nurse ! bring baby ; the master
is going out , and wants to
d i ss it ,
d ed/zedge). tab tad sd t rzZpa idodge, p i e/zlze ddm aelzclz/zd
bogd to das rnpai dedge.
mai d dd 77:(aelzc/z/zd lznzd r),
Md nsdman I i se batd -do d i
sawere roz sd t baje (cd lwti'
lzd g i r i ), gyd ralz baje (barf[ Me i r
-i ), tin baje (ti an ), anrslzdm
“
do d tlz baje (ki d-
d d )lzamed ( li d/ziye.
(lzd jzi r i ) mez par Iza i .dd n
‘
toae/ze/z/zi lza i , led in (datl isMardb lzo-
gayd ).t/zore d in ralzegd to (jd n
jd'
egd ) d i dp (daisd dd d d d )d/zd te Izaid .
a] (bd lzar de do sd lzibod ) ddd/zd nd lzogd ; (jo duck/z
elzd /zzye) abd i bd zd r se molle- d
,o.
(dabd di mwgfi i ) d ur due/212
e/zidan (e/zzize) ld ,o.
dj (h i e/tar) (matan ) na/zi d
roti -wd ld ab tad nalzm dyd
do ti n (lost) bandp .
d/ sd lzib anr mem (donod5 dd
dd d dd bd lzar lza i ).mad/zan iyd d ab tad d all i n dyd ,
‘
aur lzd zi r i dd wad? (d -
gay d
(do, i ja ld 7a,e) anr maddlzan
(dan y -dar ) l d ,e.
dartanod par (dala'
j) na/zzn
ralzi (da la'
j-
gar) do buld lo
(masd l i lz) M i fi at/n [ l o-
gayd
lza i .(dyd l ) dd dd do ld
’
o sd lzibéd /zar jd te lza i d , (elz17ma lend )e/zd lzte ll o id .
O N H OUSEKE’
EP ING .
nurse ,
‘
see what the c/zi ld is
d oing !tell the groom to get the buggy ,
- ready , the master is goingout,
let h im get the p/zaeton readyat four o'
c lock ; we Shal l go- Outfor a d r ive,groom ! bring the horsequickly ,
I amsadd ling it , sir
the capta i n s horse goes both in
t/ze sadd le and In a carriage ,
I always prefer r id ing (onlzorsebacd ),
th is hor'
se Is very vici ous ,
the horse has d ropped a shoe;send for thefarmer
shoe the horse ,
liane the sad d lemended ,
sweeper ! sweep the place ,
sweeper come here ; see how
fi lthy th is room is ,madam ! I have bntjnst swept .
it the ch i ld ren have l itteredit again
"
,
washerman what sort of
clothes have you brought ?SIr ! nowadays the water is
d irty ,
why don'
t . you clear it witha lum
1 do, S ir, and yet . it remainsd irty ,
you are very careless ; you
have not -even done the
i ron ing well ,tai lor ! how have you sewnth is
sti tc/i nicely ,
sew the mas ter'
5 s/zi rt soon ,
bearer ! take a letter and postit, and i f any letters for me
dyd ! deddo (bdbd ). dyd dartd
da i !
sa,is se dado (baggd i
‘
taiyar
dare), sd d ib bddar jd tedaid .
cdd r baje (jitan ) taiyd r dare,
dam (dawd dd dne)jd ,edge.
sa,i s gdord ja ld i ld ,
o.
sd d ib (zin das radd )dun .
(daptd n -sd‘
dib) dd gdord (z i nsawdm
’
bd i‘
detd ) anr gd rz‘
med bd i lagtd dai .
dam damesda (z i n - sawd r i )pasand darte dai d .
y id gdord bard (natddat) da i .gdore dd ed na
’
l gi r-
gayd (na'
l
band ) do bn ld’
o.
gdore de (na'
l lagd'
o).zin dz
“
(marammat dard o).(mid ta r ! )jd d rn do.
mzd tar ! yad d d d o deddo y id '
(damrd ) dazsd ma i ld dai .
mem sd d ib (abd i to jd d r gayd'
idd ) bdbd logod d e pd i r
(d d rd dar-d iyd ).(ddobz
‘
tum daise dapre ld ,edo .
fi’
sddib (dj-da l )pdn i mai ld dai .:
tum (pd itd i r i‘
) se dya‘
d (safd )nad i d darte.
sd d ib ! (dari d to dun ), (pd i rbd i )mai ld rad td da i .
tum bare (snst) do ; (istr i ) bd iacdcdd i nad i d d i .
(darz i l )y id tum d e daisd szyddai
tum (badd iyd acdcddd d iyd
daro).sddi b dd (damis)ja ld (si ,o)berd ! cd i ttd i le jd ,a (d d d mendd l anr damd r i cd i ttd i
86 ON H O USEKEE P ING.
have arrived , bring them yd d a“
; dod ,to lete d o.
w i th you ,
I have posted the letter , sir ! sd d ib, c/zi tt/zi'
d d l -dya (wi ldyatT he E ng l isd ma i l has not d z
“
dd d ) abd i nabi d d,z‘
, post
yet arr ived ; the post-master md star dad td tdd d i dj dersaid it would arrive late med d , eg i
‘
.
tod ay ,
who is going round the bunga
low
what gentleman'
s donse is that
bring some fi re and a c/zeroot,bearer get the bath water ,
see who that is com ing in a
pdaeton ,
it is the major ,
let the gentleman come in ,
g ive h im my compl iments ,
bring a cda i r , and some tea
for the gentleman ,
tel l the peon to remain in
attend ance ,
Where"
is thepandhe-wd ld gone?
tel l him to pul l thepanddd ,
who brongd t the major'
s letter ?
he is present there , sir
tel l him to g ive my best com
pl imen ts to his master ,
the water -man has not put
water in the batd - room to—day
give the mnnsd i my com pl iments ,
wel l , mans/u" where were you
yesterday?
S ir ! there was a great dea l ofrain yesterday, I was unable
never.m inda t wdat rate does gra in sel l
nowad ays?
wheat sells at twenty seers , and (bi s ser) ged zid anr bdjs ser
gra in at twenty- two , (clzana'
) bidtd dai .
(badgle) d i (cd d ron tazy’
) daungd zimtd dai
wud d i s sd d ib d i (dot/i i ) daidg ld ,o,
aur (cd urnt).berd nad d ne de l iyepd n z
'
radddo.
deddo to (jitan par ) dann d td
d a i .
(mejar—sdd ib) dazn .
sd d ib do d d e do (sa ldm dado).
d arsi ld,o, aur sdd ib de l iye
(cd i ) ld ,o.
(cdaprd si ) se dado d d z i r rad e.
(pandd e-wd ld dadan gayd
dadopandd d dd i d cde.
mcy’
ar -sd d ib d i cd i ttd i daun
dng d r ,wnd dd g i r da i .
dado ,sd d i b do (dad ut badut
sa ldm) dad e.
bd isd tc‘
ne dj (gd usl -ddd ne)med pd n i nad zn bdard .
(mans/i i ) sd d ib do damdrd
saldm do.
(mnnsd i . ji ! ) dal dp dad d d’
td e ?
sd d ib da l (pd nz'
bad nt)barastdid d (d na sadd ).
dncdd parwd nad id .
djda l (andjdd dy d bd d ,o da i
O N GENERAL BUS INESS . 87
L ESSO N 55.— O N G ENERAL BUS INESS .
sarkar, take the d raft and'
bring the money : be quick ,
what must be d one ? it is now
eleven O'
clock ,be quick , that I may have the
money in time ,
let me have it by two 0'
,c lockgo to the counting-house , and
speak to the head sarkar,tell the sarkar to take banknotes and pay the amount
of the d raft,the money must now be sent
to Mr.
request Mr. to ord er what
remains to be pa id in beforethree O
'
clock ,have you ever been to Mr.
’
s gard en
sir, I go that way every day ,
youmust go there immed iately ,
else noth ing will be d one ,
send a sarkar to h ire a boat,
I wil l go to C hauringI to-day,
go to the C h ina Bazar , and buya pair ofglobe lanterns ,
who will col lect the b i lls
sardd r d una’i le/d o anr r d
pazja ld ld o.
dyd darnd dogd"
abd i gyd rad
baje da id .
jald i jd p , d i majd do wad tparr dpa i m i ljd ,ed .
do ba/e tad merepds ddz i r daro.
daftar—fi d ne med jddar bare’
sardd r se dado.
sardd r se dado d i band - lot ledar
d nnd i de r zZpai ad d dare.
rdpaz abd i fn ld ne sdd ib do
bdejne dodge.
fn ld ne sd d ib se arz daro, d i ti n
baje sepad le bddi r dpai adddared .
tam dabd i fn ldne sd d ib de bdgdmed ga,e do
sd d i b,mai d dar roz us rdd
sejd td d zi d .
tam wad d d isi wadt [ d onab i d to ducdd na dogd .
sardd r do ed d isd ti d i rdya
darne de [ 2ye bdejo.
ma id d] C danr ing i jd d dgd
Cd ind bd zd r jd dar do go!
dann.
bi l dd rdpiya wnsd l
daregd ?
Exercise.—There was a king, who had no son he tried many
remed ies and exped ients , but d erived no ad vantage whateverfrom them ; he was therefore greatly d ejected , but would not
d iscover the cause of th is to any one. By chance , a strol lingm end icant arrived ; he then d isclosed th is h is affl iction to him ,
on wh ich the holy man wrote out a charm , and thus prescribed .
“A fter d issolving th is in rose-Water , you must d rink it alongwith your
“
queen and on your having a son , you must cal l h imM id r Mnn i r , bestowing on h im every sc ience '
and all sorts of
accompl ishments ; but beware of marrying him against h isconsent. Hav ing thus d irected , he wand ered away. Th isd ivine prescription be ing d issolved in rose-water, the king and
88 O N GENERAL BUS INESS .
queen d rank it O ff, and by its blessed influence they had at lasta
,
-fine healthy boy. Whatever the pilgrim had enjo ined te
specting him , was al l put in practice.
L ESSO N 56.—1n continuation .
Agbajdn is clever in col lecting dgd djd n bi l de rupa i wusd lb i lls , darne med dfld b d usdyd r
d a i .
it is very d iffi cult to get money fuld ne sd d ib se rdpiya m i lnd
ofsuch a one , bad ut musdd i l dai .
I’
have been to the bazér sugar maid bd zd r gayd td d , cd i n i ab
is now seers a rupee , rapa i d i sd rde tin ser d a i .
it wi l l be better to wait a few tdore d in sabr darde daprdd ays ,and then buy the c loth , mol - lend bid tar da i .
Ofwhat use are such people ? a i se d dmt d is ddm de d ai d
they know noth ing of busi wud ducd d d dm nad i d jd n te.
ness ,
I und erstand bus iness— I am mai d dd rbd r /d ntd d d d , mujdenot easi ly imposed upon , jareb dend d sd d nad i d .
raisins are s ix seers for a rupee , d isdmisd r dpa i dz“
cdda ser da i .
buy about one thousand rupees'
ed d azd r rzipai d i mol - le-lo.
worth ,
there is no und erstand ing the bd za‘
r d d n i rdd td z‘
d ma’
l dmhazér prices ,
nad i d do-sadtd .
in C alcutta , the -bazér rate is : K a ldatte med bd zd r dd n i rd d
scarce ly for two hours al ike , dogd ar i edsd d nad in rad td .
I,made a d eposi t ; to-morrow
'
ma i d d e bai'
d na d iy d dai , da l
1 Shal l see.them weighed ,
. cd i zed wazn darwd l d dgd .
see that you are not imposed dd abara’
d r , dad z‘
d tum tdage naupon , jd ,o.
'
have you‘
com pared them with tum ne undo namd ne se mi ld
the Sample ? d o they agree ? l iy d dai .f’ wud mi lte daid
yd nab id
two or three packages are do y d tin baste sab se bid tar
superior, d aid .
goand procure a pass for the jo jo cd z‘
zed taiyd r da i d ,jd ,o,th ings that are ready, aur unde wd stepd s le- d
,o.
Exercise.— When the prince became a man , be one day took
leave of h is father and went away to enjoy the chase , where
a beauti ful d eer came in s ight , grazing on a pla in ,with a gold en
collar round its neck . H e then gave these orders to the peoplewho were with him :
“Y ou must manage to catch th is fawnal ive— surround it on all s ides ; i f we thus get i t,
‘
so much the
90 GENERAL BUS INESS .
E xercises —“l ine in th is perplexi ty the eyes of the princel ighted on a dwell ing , and th inks be ,
" Wel l , let me at leastlearn to whom th is house belongs. H e then beheld a vener
ab le aged dar wesh seated there , to whom , after salutation , he
observed , Wi th your leave may I remain all night here ?By al l means , my ch i ld , repl ied the venerab le man , the
house is at your service. H aving quickly given the necessaryd irections for his guest s repast , as we l l as the horse
'
s gra in
and fod d er , when d one also 11 1th entertain ing h im , he asked ,
Prav who are you , young gentleman , and why have you come
here ? H e then related the whole of h is late ad venture. In
the meantime ,what d oes he see ? Lo ! on a splend id throne ,
four fairy queens , exquis itely beauti ful , c lad in rich brocad e ,
and covered from head to foot wi th jewels and prec ious stones ,
sud d enly d escend ed , who , having al ighted , mad e their obe isanceto the reverend sage , and seated themselves respectful ly in h ispresence .
L ESSO N 58 .— I n con tinuation .
bring those good s In carts from parm i t~
gd ar se wud cd zzen
the custom house , gd f zvod med le-d 0.
you must attend to everyth ing , tum/zed sab bd tod d d Mayd l
darnd paregd .
put the godown N O . 2 into d d sre nambar dd goddm
order , and see that there is d urust daro,aur d eddo
no d amage , ducdd nudsd n na done pd ,e.
i f you don'
t look to everyth ing , agar tum sab cd i zod d i dd d
who else wi l l ? bard d r z‘
na daroge, to daun
daregd L?
I am going out, let me see mai d bd dar jd td d d d ,ddabar
everyth ing ready when I dar d i jab ma id lautdar
come back , dni n to sab cd z ed taiyd r
pd ld d .
darbz'
i n , are the counting-house darbd n , daftar -fi d ne de sar
sarkars corne d d r sab d,e d a i d
who is at work in the iron l nd d r de dd rdd d ne med daun
factory ? ddm dar i d d a i
sir , nobody is yet come ,sd d ib
,do; abd i
‘
tad nab i d dyd .
how is th is ? not yet come ! bd t dyd d a i ? d i wud abd i‘
tad
what t ime of day d o they und i‘
d d e— wud d i s wad t
mean to come d nd cd d d te dai d
th is is the case every d ay , and dar roz y id i d d l d a i i si wd ste
therefore Mr.—
'
s work is fuld ne sd d ib dd ddm abd i
not yet d one , tad nad in d o cd udd .
O N GENERAL BUS INESS . 9 1
when they come tod ay we jabwud djdwedge to dam unse
w ill settle th is business , y id bd i sam/d ledge.
Mr. is speaking to m e f uld ne sdd i b dar roz i s dam de
d ai ly about th is work , l iye mujd e dad te dai d .
when they come , send them jab wud d ,ed to undo mere pd sto me.
Exercise — T he sage remarked ,
“Well , th is was not your
visi ting-d ay here , pray tel l me on what account you have
come. They repl ied ,
“Worsh i pful saint , there is a princessnamed Badar .Mun i r ; we intend ed to pay her a vis it, th is is theroad , and we could not fi nd it in
_
Our hearts to pass by withoutfirst paying our respects to you. H e then said , Good , do
take th is prince also along with you ; he wi l l at al l events see
whether Badar Mun i r is more lovely than the lad ies of h is
palace, or they fairer than she. T o th is the fairies agreed ,
and , having handed them to their throne , fi ew away, and in the
twinkl ing O fan eye reached the palace ofBadar M unz‘
rf T he
instant that M id r Mun i r d iscovered that ange l'
s face , brightas the moon , he became enamoured with her , wh i le she also ,
adm iring his rad iant countenance and flushed by love'
s magicbloom , shone resplendent with the charms ofa damask rose.
L ESSO N 59 .— l n continuation .
how long are those Europegood s to l ie at the custom
hou'
se ?
sir, without an invoice to knowwhat they are ,
how can
I bring them ?
d i fferent sorts of good s payd i fferent rates ofduty ,
by O pen ing the boxes and
seeing the ir value , you willbe ab le to und erstand ,
sir , I cannot myself O pen the
packages ,
in open ing the packages , the
good s may be injured ,
sarkar , take the invo ice and
go d irectly ,
sir , I am going ; please to giveme the invo ice ,
dabtad wud wi ldyati cd i zed
parmi t—gdar
'
med part“
ra
sddib, bzfla i r cda ld n dy d d
dar asbdb ddald s dar ld
sad id d d d .5’
dar ed cd iz dd judd judd madsul da i .
un sand zi dod de ddolne , aur
d imat deddne se, tum ma l dm
ddr-sadoge.
sddi ,b ma i d adeld baste ddol
nad i d sad td .
basta ddolne se sd dyad . cd i zed
ddard b dojd ,ed .
sardd r , cda ldn leda i i si wad t
wad d d jd o.
d uzd r ma i d jd td d d d ,cdd ld n
92 O N GEN ERAL BUS INESS .
at two o’
c lock the custom do baje parmi t-gda r de sd d ib
house O ffi cer came and ne d dar sand d d dd ulwd,e.
- opened the boxes ,
when I have s igned each in jab maid sab cd d lanod parvoice , I wi l l g ive them to sad i d dar cd udd dgd to
the sarkar to be copied , and d d r do nad l darne do d d dgd ,
th en send them to you, pd zr tu/nd d repd s bdei o dudgd .
kirani , copy these , and give d zra’
n z‘
, nad l darde pzyd de dethem to the sergeant , d awd le dar -do.
cal l a b lacksm i th , and O pen l ud d r do buld dar , sand zi d dd ul
the boxes ; com pare the wd dar, asbd b d i ta
'
d d d aur
value and quan tity of the dz'
mat cd d la‘
n. de mutdbid
goods w ith the invoice , then dardepd i r band -daro.
make them tight again ,
E xercise — Three watches of the nigh t gl id ed away in such
pleasure, harmony, and d el ight , as human tongue cannot
express . When these four fairy d amsels were about takingleave , they ad d ressed the prince thus : C ome along. H e ,
be ing pierced to the heart w i th the arrow of lot e , repl ied ,
I wi l l not go , i f you must set off, by all means d epart.’
O n representing th is to Badar .Munz‘
r , that She m ight persuadeh im to take leave ,
they perceived that she also had no d esire to
let h im go away. In th is perplexity they Observed , N owwhat
is to be d one ? i f we leave h im , how Shal l we Show our faces tothe holy man ? and i f we convey him hence in the presentposture of affairs , She wi l l be offended ; the best ad vice is towa i t a l ittle longer, t il l both begin to S lumber. A fter th is ,
wi th the fatigue of s itting up , both got a-nod d ing ; they thengently and artful ly raised h im on the throne, and with some
ph i ltre lul l ing h im asleep , flew offw ith him.
L ESSO N 60 .—l n continuation.
sergeant, when you have S igned dawaldd r , jab apn i‘
sad i‘
d dar
your name , give it to the cdudo, to tadwz’
ldd r do do.
cash ier,the Officer hav ing entered the ddazd d cd i
‘
ne sab sandud d i‘
particulars of every case in ajnd s dd d d l a lag a lag l i dd
h is book , and the duty on dar dar ed cd z‘
z
O
d d madsuleach article , wrote the judd judd lagddar jam
'
amount ,taking the invoice , I had to wud i cda ldn ledar pd i r par
go again , and show it to mi t-de sddib de d uzd r med
the head Offi cer, [ d nd d d I d
94 O N GENERAL BUS INESS.
i f I don'
t go myself, noth ingis d one ,
S ir, I know , fi ve days ago , you
wrote to Patna that the
th ings would be forward edto-morrow or next day , and
no pass is Obtained ,
how can they go? they can
’
t
be sent wi thout a pass ,
is the order for screws gone to
Kashipur factory ?
they prom ised . to send them
to- day ,
i f they d on'
t come th is eveningyou go there before gun- fi re ,
for want of these screws the
bales of cotton are lyingloose ,
no one knows when the vesselwi ll sai l ,
have you col lected the b i llsI gave you yesterday
sir, I have given in the moneyfor all you gave me
,
E xerci se — T he prince ne i ther d istinctly articulated with h ismouth , nor opened h is eyes , all that he raved be ing ,
“A las .
Badar rld un i r !"
In short, they placed h im in the palki , and
conveyed h im w i th fear and trembl ing to the king , to whomthey Stated the matter so : May it please your Majesty,
yesterday afternoon a lovely fawn came in s igh t , and the
prince . after forb id d ing us , set h is horse after it h imsel f atful l gallop ; we nevertheless followed at a respectful d istance.
She took shelter in so w i ld a wood , that the prince escapedour s igh t entirely , though we were al l following him wi th our
eyes ; besides wh ich , d arkness overtook us , and we beinghelpless passed the whole n ight in that place ; but ris ing byd aybreak we continued - our inquiries ; at last we found h im
bzgda i r mere jane de d ucdd
nad i d dotd .
dd uddwand, paned d in gugra
d i dug d r ne l idd d tdd , d i
da l P atne do ch i zed rawd na
dodg i , aur abtad dda ld siudma nad i d m i ld .
wud dy d d dar jd sad i i dam ?
wud pd s bzgda i r bd ijwddnad i d jd
-sad ti d .
K'
d sd ipzi r de lud d r—djgd ne .med
pecd band ne do dudm bdejdgayd d a i
undod ne a/ bd ejne dd wa’
dad zyd da i .
agar wud dj sd dm tad na d,ed
to tum top de dgejd nd .
in pecdod de na done se, sd r i
mid de baste ddulepa g'
e dai d .
d isi do ma'
l zim nad i d jad d zdab dd ulegd .
dyd tum un tamassudod dd
rupiya wuszi l darcd ude, joma i d d e da l tumded d zyetd e i?
dd ud dwand , ji tn i farded ta
massud d i dpne bande do
dawd le d i id i d , sab d d
r dpzya ld -dzyd da l .
~O N GENERAL BUSINESS . 95
in th is d istracted cond i tion , at the lodge of a herm it there.
When we inquired of him , he also gave us no informationwhatever , though we naturally conjecture that the person '
s
name wh ich is mentioned must be one with whom the princeis in love .
"
L ESSO N 62 .— 1n continuation .
do you know where N ajmudd in is ?
sir , I heard he is not com ingto-day ; h is brother says he
has a fever ,how d oes he mean to d o h is
work ? he has a fever dai ly,
was the c loth exam ined yesterd ay , and placed to Muham
mad A l i ’s account '
?
sir, it is entered in the wastebook , not in the ledger,
why so ? i f he O bjects to the
brokerage ,how is it to be
settled ?
sir, I wil l thank you to settle sd d i b, dp us de sd td i s bd l dd- it with h im ; he d oes not fa isala dared ,
wud damd r im ind us in the least , bd t ducdd bd i nad i d md ntd
‘
.
make out the account ofwhat jo daprd i s wad t tad us d e mol
c loth he has purchased up lzyd da i us dd d isdb daro.
to th is time ,
balance the account , leaving da l dd daprd amdnat radd
out the cloth bought yester dar ,ag ld d isd b daro.
d a
the dccount ough t not to re m i zd n d iye bzgda ir disd b pardmain unbalanced ,
na rad ne d end cd dd iye.
Exercise.— T he king then tend erly began My ch i ld ,
i f youw i l l d iscover your affliction , we shal l then consid er ofa remedyfor it.
”
A fter much entreaty he returned , O h , my d ear father ,the only spec ific I want is Badar Mun i r ; possessed of her
I would recover.
" They next interrogated about her ad d ress
and resid ence. T he prince sorrowfully said , I know not ,
ind eed . H e rejected all food , continued day and n ight heaving
tum jan te do N ajmudd in
dad d d dai
sd d i b, mazn ne sund da i d i wud
djnad i d d,egd ,
° us de bd d}ne dad d d i us do buddd r da i .
wud dy d d dar nandar i daregdus do dar roz tap d ti d d i .
da l daprod dd nz'
r_d
_ d darydftdarde Mud ammad
’
A l i de
ndm med jam'-d/_zarcd d iyd
gayd da i , y d und i d .9
sddi b dj 7'
d dar bad i med l idd d
gayd dai , led in dd d te med
m undar ijnad zn du,d .
n i sd dy d d d d,d agar wud
da l ld l i dz“
dastzi r i dd'
uzr
radd td da i to dy d d dar
96 O N GENERAL BUS INESS .
d eep sighs , and weeping b i tterly. Witnessing th is d istress ,h is parents also were sorely affl icted , and kept beating the irbreasts in such anguish for their son that the affairs of the
state were runn ing fast into d isord er and confusion. T he
m in ister was a prudent man , and thus remonstrated to H is
Majesty Let not your Highness be so woe-begone , but attend
as usual to the,interests of your kingdom ; your slave is d is
patch ing messengers in every d irection ; should a princess of
the name be found anywhere; we may then get the princemarried to her ; i f the parents agree with a good grace , all is
wel l i f not, why, let us force them .
"
L ESSO N 63.— l n continuation .
the‘
account of Shawls , hand d isdb.
sdd l.
r dmd l , aur bdftekerchiefs , baftas , etc. , wh ich wagiza i ra dd , jo tdadar gaydhave been agreed for, is al l td d
, sab bebd d do-
gayd .
settled ,
there is noth ing else due to us dd aur d ucdd bdd i'
nab i d ,
him ; i f you please to com agar dp jam’
0 flared dd
pare Dr. and C r. you Wi l l mudd ba la dared to ma'
l zim
see ,
Panchft sarkar, what are you
d oing ? see that the accounts
are correct ,
I am '
afraid there are errors in
C aptain L eyden’
s last year'
s
account ,
I can ’
t make out what sugar,coffee , sugar
-candy , and rai
sins have been purchased ,
S ir, here is noth ing“without a
wri tten ord er the accounts
agree wi th what is wr itten ,
that'
s not what I mean . I sayit
’
s not c lear what belongsto each account ,
sir, there is no fear about that— I have by me the accounts
ofsales and purchases ,
P ancd d sardd r , dyd darte do .9
d eddo d i d isdb di tdb med
gda lati na do.
mujde '
sdadd d a i d i K aptd nL eden sd d i b de sd l -gugasd tede d isd b d i td b med gda l tiyd ddaid .
ma i n nad zn ma'
l zim dai sad ta
d i d i td i sdadar , aur dadwa ,
aur m isr i , aur d isdmisd
ddar i d i gad da i .sd d i b, bigda i r tad r i r i dudmde yad d d ducdd nad i d dai ;
disd b tad r i r se mi ltd d ai .
y i d merd ma tlab nab i’
d . Ma i n
dad td d d d d i d ar ed de
d isdb med d i tnd dogd , y id
sdf ma'
l dm nod -i d dol d .
sad ib, us dd ducdd andesda
d ad td— merepd s fi ar id our
fa roddt de d isd b da i d .
98 O N GENERAL BUS INESS .
I t appears to me all the ac mujd e ma'
l d m dol d nai , d i sab
counts are in con fusion ,d isdb ulatpa lat da i .
sarkar, are all my th Ings sardd r , mer i sab cd i zed ta iya‘
r
ready dai d
sir , the sarkar has taken sd d ib, sardd r unde l iye rdpiyamoney for them ; no d oubt legayd da i ; aur gard r do
they wi l l be here by two baje tad cd i‘
zed yada‘
d
O'
clock , pad ud cd edg i .when they come , send them jab wud d
,ed usi
‘
d am N a e
immed iately to N ayd G hat , Gdd t par bdej-dend .
it is now h igh water, I can'
t ab bd d tdd da i , ma id aur
wait longer, tdadar nad i d sad td .
E xercise —When the bearer of such cheering intell igenced el ivered the letter into the m inister’
s hand s , he forthwi thconveyed it to the emperor
'
s C O tu t and when H is Majesty cas t
h is eyes over th e l ines , he fel t his heart glow wi th renovated
v igour. In Short , he was supremely happy , and accord inglyOrd ered a revvard for the bringer of these glad tid ings. Thatd ay , in every house over the whole c ity, there were great
rejoic ings , and the king thus instructed the m in ister : I w i l lset out on such a day to celebrate the auspic ious marriage ofM i d r q n z
‘
r ; in the meantime , get all the equi page imme
d iately ready for the royal nuptials , as wel l as the necessar iesfor ourjourney . In that period every requis i te was prepared ,
and the king set forth in great pomp and splendour, alongwi th h is army ,
w ith a retinue and procession so numerous and
resplend ent that a d etai l here would prove too ted ious. In
a few weeks he entered th e other'
s territories wi th becom inggrandeur and d ign i ty , w ith flying colours and band s ofmusic ,
and thence , having accomplished the Object ofh is journey, he
returned to his own capital in a very Splend id manner , bringingwi th h im his son and daughter, attended wi th melody , pleasure ,
and del ight.
H I NDUSTAN I MANUAL .
PA R T I I .
A PRACTICAL AND PHRASEO LOG ICALVO CABULARY.
ENGL ISH AND H INDUSTAN ’I'.T H E following copious selection Of phrases wi ll be found to
answer two d istinct purposes : (1) to exerc ise the stud ent in
read i ly turn ing into Hindustani every possible variety ofEngl ishexpressions ; (2) to serve as a vocabulary of useful word s,each sentence contain ing a lead ing word printed in i tal ics ,
arranged accord ing to the order of the alphabet. T he HinduStani word or word s in each sentence , correspond ing to the
Engl ish word printed In ital ics , is included with in a parenthes is.
T h is plan of vocabulary w i ll , it is presumed , have a great
advantage over a mere d ry l ist of word s , as the stud ent will , inevery instance , see the manner in wh ich the word 15 employed .
F inally ,the same word is occas ionally repeated twice ,
ib r even
thrice ,when it happens to have more than one s ignification , or
when it d enotes d i fferent parts of speech , as substantive , adjective , or verb .
A .
abandoned —i
absent.
T he crew , dauing abandoned jaddzz‘
(or mal ld d ) jad d z do“
the sh ip , had run away, (cddordar)bddg-
ga,e tde.
H e does not abate me one mujde wud ed paisd'
nad z‘
d
pice, gdatd td .
A bide with me a few days , more sd td cdand roz (rado).H e possesses great abi l i ty , wud
_d
_d_i2b (ddbi l iyat) radd td
dai .
H e Is an able man , wud (ld ,i d ) d dmt dai .Are you able to do th is ? tum y id (dar-sadte do)2
’
I have been absent ten days,-maid das roz se (gZiair-d d zi r)d d d .
100 absta in ~ —add i tion .
“'
e ought to absta in fromcomm i tting evi l .
I t is absurd to speak thus ,
Take as much as you please ;I have abundance ,
That is an A byssin ian s lave ,
H e goes to an academy dai ly ,
Do you accede to what I propose or not ?
I stil l retain my H indfi sténiaccent,
T he book you sent m e was
acceptable,H e immed iately accepted myOffer ,
Except you accompany me , Iwi ll not go ,
I was not able to accompl isd
mywishes ,
Have yOu an account withh im
H e is accused of robb ing his
master ,
A ccustom yourself to read and
Write ,
Th is fi‘n it is very acid .
H e hasmany acqua intances ,I am aq zd i d ted with all ,H e das acqui red great knowledge ,
H e has been tried and acqui tted ,
A gooa ac'
tio'
n d eserves Our
praise ,
H e is éKCeed ingl y acti ve in
that business ,T he angel Of God expelledA dam and Eve fr'om parad isc ,
T he angel o/ deatd seizes uponall men ,
H e has received an add i tion
to his salary,
damen cd d d iye d i bad i se (bd zraded ).
a isd dad nd ('
abas) da i .mere pd s (dasrat) se dai ji s
dadar cdd do lo.
wad (H absd i g izuldm)dai .wud (mad rase do) da r roz jdtdda i .
jo ma i n dad td d un , tum us do
(dabd l darte do)yd und i d
mai d abtad H ind zistd n i zabd ndd (ladja ) radd td d d d .
tum nc jo d i td b'
mujde bdejiwud mere (pasand d d ).
us d e'
fi - lfaur mer i bd t (dabd l
tumd d re (damrd d l iye) bigda i rma i n nad i d jd ne dd .
ma i d apn i murd d (d d si l’
na
dar-sadd ).us de sd td ducdd (d isdb d i td b)
radd te do
ustd d d i cd i z c'
d urd ne dd (us
par i lzdm lagdyd gayd da i ).l idd nepag‘d d e d i (
’
d dat
y id pda l bad ut (ddattd ) da i .us débad ut (dsdnd ) da i d .
ma i d sab se (wd d if d d d ).us ne bad ut
'
i lm (d d si l d iy dda i )
mudaddame d i tadd idd t de ba‘d
wud (ri dd d iyd gayd ).nee (tan ) ta
'
r'
z‘
f de note
da i .
wud us ddm med '
d id dyat
(cdd ld d ) da i .dd udd de fi r isd te
'
d e’
(A dd n‘
i_
o
H an na do)fi rdaus se d idd l
d tifll .
(ma lad -ul—maut) sab d dmiyod
l .
us d i tanddwd d dd (igdfi z) d d ,dda i .
a ord— ancient.
Pray aford meyour assistance ,
I do not wish to ajront h im ,
H er age is not more than ten
years ,
m id rbd n i darde (mer i madad
d ijiy e).ma id us do (na-rd z darnd )
nad i d cd d d td .
us d c“
('
umr ) das baras se xi
yd da nad i d d a i .
DO you know who is his agent tumjd nte do us dd (gumd sd ta)
Stand ing before the court , he
began to be much ag i tated ,
1 agree to what you say,
H is company is very agreeable,
What agreement had vou withh im
T he a i r of th is country is veryunfavourab le ,
A las ! it is all true ,
T he two are perfectly a l ide ,
I saw an a l l igator in the
Ganges ,
A l low m e to go with you,
H e mad e me an a l lowance of
ten rupees ,
Have you
a lmanac?
I have not ye t l earned the
a lpdabet,Speak a loud ,
that I may hear
you,
What al teration shall I make ?I t is now d one , and ca n
'
t be
a l tered ,
H e has amassed great weal th ,
T he b i l l w i l l amount to 500
rupees ,
\V hat is the amount O f y our
b il l ?
I was amazed at the amount ,
got th is year’
s
A muse yourself awh i le in the
gard en .
D ibl i is an ancient c i ty ,
daun da i’
ad d lat med ddare done parwud bad ut (dd dpne) la d .
jo tum dad i e do so ma id dabd l
dar i d d d d ).d i sudbat n id dyat (d i l
cdasp ) da i .
us se tum ne dy d (i drd r ) .d iydtd d
i s muld -d i (dawd ) badut nd
muwdfi d . da i .
(afi os) sab sacd d a i .donod bi - l-dul l (y adsd d ) da i d .
ma i d ne ed (magar )Gangd med
dedd d .
apne sd td mujddo cda lne (do).us d e m ujd do das rzipiya
(dastd r i ) d z"
.
tumd d re pd s i s sd l d z“
(jantr i )d a i ?
ab tad mai d d e (a l if-be) sidd inad i d .
(buland dwd z se) dado d i maidsunun ,
ma i d dyd (tabd i l dard d )ab wud do cd udd aur (tabd i l
nad i d do sad id ).us nebad ut daulat
d isdb d z“
jam'
pd n sau rdp iyd
715
tumd d re d isd b d i dy d (jam'
)dai ?
d isd b d i jam'
dedddar muj/ze
(ta’
ajjub d d ,d ).
t/zor i der tad bdg_
d_
med (d i l'
bad ldp ).D id l i (dad im) sdad r da i .
angry— arrested .
Does th is make you angry ?
Do you know th is an imal'
s
name ?
C an you g i ye an answer to
th is ques tion ?Th is w i l l answer my purpose ,
I am very anxious to get
there ,I have not seen h im anywdere,
H e made no apology for his
m isconduct ,H e made an appeal to Government ,
H e wil l not appear personal lyin th is business ,
I t appears to m e very s trange ,
H e/made an appl ication to thejudge ,
H is good s will be appra isedand sold ,
I appredend you have madea m istake ,
H e was appredended and putInto prison,
H e has appropr iated all his
property to th is purpose ,
DO you approve of what Isay ?
H e teaches the Bengali , SanSkrit, Hindustani , Persian ,
and A rabic languages ,There are fi ve arcdes in the
veranda ,
Th i s is an arduousund ertaking ,
L et us argue the point together,
H e uses very strong arguments ,I am now learning ar i tdmetic ,
T he king was at the head of
h is army ,
H e was arrested for debt - byBabfi Rae C handar ,
103
dyd tum is se (gd usse) dote dotum
"
i s jdnwar)dd ndmjdntedo
is sawd l dd (jawdb) de sadte
do
is se (merd ddm d id le
wadd d pad nd od d ebadut (dd r ) dai :
maid ne use (dad-i d ) nad zn
d edd d .
us ne apn i bad -atwd rz‘
dd
ducdd (’
ugr) na d iyd .
us ne sardd r med (api l d i ).
wud dd wud is ddm med (zd d i rna dogd ).
majd do bard ta’
ajjub (ma’
l dm
dold da i ).us ne jaj sdd ib de pds (dard_
d_
wd st) d i .us d c
“
cd ized (d imat tafw i’
z
dodar ) becd i jd ,edg i .
ma id (samajd td d d d ) d i tumd e dda td d i dai .
wud (gi r iftdr darde daid
d_
d d ne) bdejd gayd .
us ne apn i sd r i daulat is ddm
(mafi sd s d i da i ).jo ma i n dad td d d d , wud tum
(pasand darte do)wud Baugld S ad sdr i t, H in
d d std n i , Farsi aur (’
A rabi )sidd d td dai .
bardmde med pd d cd (m id rd bed )dai d .
yid bard _ (musdd i l )ddm dai .
dam dpas med is bd tpar (bads;dared ).
wud dawi dal z'
led ld td dai .
fi l dd l ma id (d isd b)si dd td d d d .
bd dsd dd apne (la sddar ) dd pesdwd idd .
Bd bd -R d,e C dandar ne usda
darz dewd ste (gi r ijtd r diyd ).
104
Have you heard the news of
h is arr iva l ?
I am not acquainted wi th thatar t
,
They are very artf ul,
They d ea l in various articles ,
H as he repaired the carriageas I told him ?
Let us now ascend the moun
tain ,
A sd h im what is h is name ,
T o whom d oes that ass belongT he people of the villages
assembled ,
I saw a great assembl y O f
p eopl
I assent to your proposal ,
H e asserted that i t is so ,
W e ough t to assi st each other,
W hy d o you associate wi thev i l company ?I assure you there is no d angerin that matter ,
A ssured ly th is is true ,
H e man ifested great aston isd
ment on h is part ,A re you acqua inted wi th the
sci en ce of astronomyH ow shal l I atone for th isco nduct ?
T he enemy'
s cavalry attacded
us ,
H e never attempted to learn,
L et us attend to our stud ies,
I have rece i ved not ice to a ttend
the court at ten O'
clock ,
Your atten d ance there is re
quired ,
a rriva l— attendauce.
us se (pd cd do) d i tumdd rd ndm
wud d i sdd (gadd d ) da igd ‘
od de d dm i (jam'
li d/e).
d am sabad par apnd (d i l
mujd e dacdad r i med das bajed d g i r done d i i tti ld
'
m i l i da i .
wad d d tumd d r i (d d g i r i )r d r da i .
dp ue us de (padud cdne) d ifi abar sun i
ma id us (d unar) se wd d ifnad i d d d d .
wud bag'
e (d i le—bd z) dazn .
wud d ar d ism d i (cd i zod ) d itijd ra t darte da zn .
(muwdjid ) mere dad d e de usnegdri d i marammat d i da i
ab dam pad d g'
par (cdard ed ).
ma i n ne d dm iyod d i bar i
jamd'
a i ) d edd i .ma i d tumd d r i bd i (dabd ldar i d d d d ).
us ne (dad d ) d i y id a isd da i .
d amed cd d d iye d i ed d d sre d i
(madad dared ).bad sudbat med dy d d (rad tedo)é’
'(yad i n raddo) us mu’
d ma lemed
ducd d dd d tra und id da i .
(yad z‘
nan)y id sacd da i .
us n e apud u i d dyat (ta'
ayjub)d d i r d iy d .
tum ( i lw i da i l at) med dudd l
radd ie do
damd r i i s tads i r dd (dafi i ra )d i s ta rad do sad id d a i
d usdman de sawd rod ne dam
par (dam/a d iy d ).is ne s i ddne med d ucdd (dosd z
'
sd
I06 ban i s/z— begnn
W e may no“ban is/z our fears,
'
l hey are banbei s in C a lcutta ,
H e is lately become a banbrnpt,
“'
e sat on the bare ground ,
Y ou have mad e a bad barga in ,
Th is d og barbs at everybody ,
I have sold my 20 barrels of
flour ,
Th is land is entirely barren ,
A las what base conduct am
I gui lty of
Bring some water in a basin .
Put these th ings in a basbet,I saw numbers of people bat/zi ng in the G anges ,
H e bears th is load on his head ,
Y ou bore it very patien tlv ,
I have beaten him twice in
learn ing ,
T he master has t/zoroug/zlybea ten the slave ,
I s that a man or a beast ?
Th is is a beautif ul gard en ,
T he sh i p was beea lnzea’ four
d ays ,
Beebon to h im to come here ,
H e has lately become veryproud ,
H e is i ll and confined to his
bed,
I have been stung by a bee ,
I beg your pardon for what
I have d one,
'
I here IS a begga r at the d oor , daru vazepar (fobi r) Iza i .
I Izave begun to speak Engl ish , main ne angzez i bolna (s/zuru’
b i lza i ).
ab 12am a’a/zs/zat (a
’zi r barel i ).wu/z K a lbatte men (ma/zajan ibarte) Iza in.
702112 More a’inon se (de uui lzj'd )
120-
gay d ba i .
1zam zamz’
n par bai tbe.
tum (sana’e)men tbaga
'
legap
y i/z battd sab par (bbaunbta'
ba i lma in ne apne ate be bz
‘
s (p ipe)bee/wIza in .
y i/z zam i‘
n bi - l—b'
ul l (usar ) ba i .
afi os / bra (baa’
) ba'
m 771t se
sarzaal b iZ/i é’zara sci fa
’
n i'
(tas/zt)men la’
,o.
i n M iami bo (tobre) men fab/lo.
ma in ne ba/znt adm iyon bo
Ganga men fi ns] barte)deb/2a.
wu/z apne si r par y ib boj/z
(a'
botaba i ).tum ne ba/zut sabr be sat/z(bara
’as/zt biyd ).
ma in nepar/zne me72 us far domartaba (sabbat basi l b i ).
nzal ib ne glut/am bo (fi fi b’
nzara'
) ba i .w ub insa
’
n ba i yd (baiwan )y i li ba/zut (W usb -n nma) bjg};ba i .
faba‘
z (big/l a ir 1za be) thei ra’
in t/za/zrzi ralzd .
ya/zdn ci ne ba'
use (i s/za'
ra baro).t/zore a
’
in sewulz ba/zut magfi r ii r
(120-
gayd lza i ).w i t/Z bima
'
r i b i Zza’
lat me72
(bistar )far para’
Izai .slza/zaa
’
b i“
7nabbbz‘
ne muj/ze
a’anb nui rd
jo ma i n n e biya Iza i (mu'
df
beg inning— bleeds.
I t has ne ither - beginn ing nor
end ,
H e bel ieves whatever peopletell h im ,
Does th is knife belong to youT he ears of corn , be ing ri pe ,
bend to the ground ,
H as the med ic ine afford ed youbenefitI have been three years in
Benga l ,I beseee/z you to pay attention ,
H e is beset on all s id es withbusiness ,
I am going to the shoemaker'sto bespeab a pair of shoes ,
th ink it wi ll be best to d o so ,
I am a poor man , be pleasedto bestow one rupee ,
Mine is better than yours ,Beware of the engine ,
Why do you bi d me d o th is
H ow big is the book you
speak of
G ive me your bi l l , I wi llpay it ,
Bind h im hand and foot ,H e has bound up the parcel ,What bi rd is th is ?H e was bi tten by a jackal ,Th is fruit is very bi tter ,
Am I blameable in th is ?
T he blame rests only upon me ,
N 0 , w ithout d oubt you are
blameless ,A fter be ing bled , he recovered ,
I have cut my finger, see howit bleeds ,
I 07
na us bd (awwa l )ba i na dfi i r
7'
o buelz/z b-i log use balzte ba znwu/z (bdwar bar - letd bai ).
y i li ebbur i (tnmbd r i ba i )andf bi bd len pub/gm bobar ,
zamtn par j/zubtz'
Izain).tum bo i s dawa se but /2b
(fa ia’a) in? d
main (Bangd le) nzen tin ba i as
se bun .
main (i l timd s bartd bun) bitip tawajju/zfarmd ,en.
wuli e/zaron taraf se bani men
(gbi rd ) ba i .
ma i n moo/ u bi duban par eb
Jorajutd (banwane bo ba/zne)jd i d tum.
mere nazd ib a isd barud
bogd .
ma i n mulztdj/i un, m i /zrbd nz’
se
eb rupiya (’
indyat btjiye).tumbd re se merd (aebebbd )bai .injan se (bus/zyd r rabo).tum bis wd ste muj/ze y i li bd nzbarne bo (babte) boé’
wu/z bi td bjis bd g ibr tum ne
biya'
bi tn z‘
(bar i ) baitum afn i (bi sd b bi fard ) [ d o
main add barungd .
us be ba'
t/z pri onus negatbr i bo (basd lzai )y i li baun (cb i r iyd ) baius bo eb gi dar ne (bd td ).yi li gbal babut (bagwa
’
) ba i .byd main i s men (tabst
'
r -wd r )bun [ bat
i s ba‘
(i lzam) inuj/zz‘
far lagta .
nab i‘n , be-slzabb tum (be-busur)
bo.
ba'
d (fasd b/zulwa’
ne) be wu/z
inert“
ungl z‘
bat-ga,i , deb/to byd
(Mun bab id bai ).
I 08 blessing— brave.
Bv the blessi ng of G od I am
be tter ,
H e is now quite bl i nd ,
H e led him bl i ndfold through
the c i ty ,
H e is a blocblzead ,
Wh ere there is blossom we ex
peet fruit ,Th is plant wi l l soon blossom ,
H e blotted the whole of his
papers ,
B lo wthe dust offyour book ,
Y ou blunder continually ,
Th is kni fe is very blun t ,
H e d oes not suffer m uch painin the body ,
H e is bol der than I ,
F ix a bol t on the window ,
H e wishes to have a bond for
th is amount ,
T he d og has a bone in h is
mouth ,
I have been to the boobsel ler'
s
shop ,
H e was born before you ,
I want some money ,from
whom can I bor row ?
Put th is oil into a bottle,
Read to the bottom ofthe page ,
H aving made a bo w, he sat ,
Bows and arrows were formerlyused in war,
\Vhat shall I put in th is box
That lady wears bracelets ,
That tree has many branclzes ,
Don’
t you know brass fromcopper?
H is sold iers are verv brave,
flzudd be jazl se ma i n bi li tar
bun.
wulz ab bi - l -bnl l (and/1d ) lza i .
wulz asb i (dub/z band barbe)useslzalzr men l iyepb i rd ).
wulz (a lnnab) lza z'
.
ja luin (gut) ba i , waban ummed
7776206 b i lza i .
y i lt darablztja ld plzzi legd ).us ne apne sti re bdg lzagon par
(s iya'
lzi d d l - d i ).apn i bi td b par se gard (plumb
tum banzeslia (gba la ti ba rte Ito).yi li clzlzur i bar i (bund ) bai .us be (badan ) men ba lzut dard
nalzin ba i .
wulz uzujlz se (z iyd da slzujd'
)lzai . _
(burbd ) blzirb i men lagd -do.
wulz i n r zipaon bd (tamassub)clzd lztd lza i .
us butte be mun/z men (ebbadd i ) lza i .
ma i n (bi td b-faroslz) b i duba’
n
par gay d t/ui .
wulz tu/n se pesb iar (pa i da’
)t/zd .
7nujlz bo ibore r zipa i b i garuratlza i
,bi s se (barg l i in )
i s tel bo (bota l ) men rabbo.
is saflze be (n i clze) tab par/lo.
wuli (saldm) barbe,ba i t/2a
“
.
ti r aur (bamd u) pesbtar lard ,
iyon men i sti'
wa’
l biyejdtetlze.
i s (sandubclze) men nzazn bya‘
rabl nin
wulz bibi (bare)gabi n ti bai .
us d arabbt b i bali nt si (d d /i
ya'
n) lzutu.
tum'
(pi ta l ) aur taube men
imtiyaz nab in bar sable .9
usbe sipa’
lzi bare (babd d ur )lzazn .
I 10 burst— castle.
H e burst open the d oor ,
H e is gone to bury his father,
H e is come on busi ness ,
H e 15 now very busy , and can
not speak to you,
I am go ing to the bazar to buypapen
C .
That sh i p has lost her anchor usjalzdz bd (rassci ) aur langarand cable. gu
Th is cage is to keep b ird s in, y i lt clziriya'
n rabbne
Where d id you get that cabe ?
T h is wi l l be to them a great
ca
Have you made a calculation
of the cost?
T he cow and ca lfwere together ,T he seawas quite ca lm ,
Buy me two cand lesticbs ,
Where d id you buy th is canvas P
H e is a person ofgreat capaci ty ,
Wh ere is the sh i p '
s captain ?H e has sent me a card of
invi tation ,
I have no care on that account,
H e is a carpenter ,
I saw h im carry ing a load on
his head,
Have you no case for your
razor ?
Th is is a very d iffi cult case,.In caslz and notes 1 have 500
rupees ,Put these th ings in a casb,
Cast away th is cloth ing ,
H e l ives near the castle,
us ne darwa’
za (torbar blwld ).wulz apne bjp bo (gd rne) gayalza i .
wuli (bani ) be l iye dyd ba i .wub is wabt brim men n i lza
'
ya i
(mas li zi l ba in , turn se ba'
t
nab i ti bar sabte.
main bdgizag (fi ar idne bo)bdzd r fei ta
'
bun .
y i lt (bul i cba) tum ne babdn
pdyd 2’
auben y i lz sablzt (dfat) lzog i .
(bbarclz) ba'
(andd z) biya‘
lzaitum ne
gd ,eaur(baclzbrd )dononsa'
tlztlze.
samundar bi’
l bul l (sa’
bin ) tlui .
do (sluzm’
d dn) mere l iy e mot- lo.
y i li (tat) tum ne balza’ n mol
wuli bar i (l iya'
ba t) bd d dmt
lza i .
ja lza‘
z bd (ndbjtud d ) babd r’
z ba i .
us ne d a'
wat bd (rub’
a) mujlzeblzejd ba i .
us sabab se mujlz —bo buclzlz
fibr ) nalzin.
wulz ba i .
us bo ma i n ne si r par bojli
by d tum/tare astare ba’
nalzin lza i 1?y i lt bar i muslzbi l (bd i ) nai .(nabd ) aur lot m i la
'
bar mere
pa'
s pa' neli sau r zipai ba in .
i n clzi zonbo pipe)men rabbo.
y i lz baprd plzenb-do).wulz (bi l
'
e) bepd s rabtd ba i .
cat - clzicbens .
Th is cat has very large c laws ,
Have you seen to-day’
s cata
logue of the sale ?C atclt that b ird ,
/ Do you know the cause of th is ?What need of all th is caution ?We ought to be cautious , and
not give offence to any ,
When will you cease talkingH e is a very celebrated poet ,P lace th is in the centre,
Th is house has been bui lt a
cen tury ,
I am certa in of it ,I have rece ived from h im a
certifi cate ofmy capacity andgood conduct,Here is plenty of cbaf , but no
wheat ,Is th is cltain made of ironTake a clzai r , and sit d own ,
H e writes only wi th cbalb ,
H e is gone there for elzangeofcl imate ,
/I must cbange my clothes ,H IS mind IS cbangeabl e,What clzapter shall we read
She d raws pictures with ekar
coa l ,H e clzarges very h igh ,
They are very cbar i table to the
poor,H e bestows a great deal inclzar i ty ,
That is a clza‘
rnzing song ,
These artic les , I th ink . are
clzeap ,
They clzeat whom they can ,
Th is clzeese is not good ,
I saw a hen with ten clzicbens,
I I I
i s (bi l l i )be bare barepanje ba zn .
djbe n i la'
m bi (fi ltr ist), deb/t ibai ?
us clzi r iyd bo (pabro).tum is bd (sabab)ja
'
n te 120 t’
i tn i (b_ lzabardci r i )byd garur
bani bo clui lzzye bi (i lztiycit se
ra/zen), aur bisi bo az iyat
na den.
bab bolnd (band baroge)mutt bard (masbbzi r )sli d
’
ir ba i .is bo (bi clz)men rabbo.
y i li (eb sau baras) bd glzar li ai .
inujlze usbci (yabi n) ba i .us se main ne bdbi l iyat aur neb
clzalan bd (sa’
rtifi bat) bd s i lbiyd li a i .
yaluin(bbusi )bali nt bai , magar
gelzzin nab i n .
byayi lz (zanji r) lolze bi li a i(clzaubi ) lo aur bai tlto.
wuli s i rj (bbariya'
se) l ibltta"
wuli d b-o- lzawa bi (tabd i l ) bel iye waluingay d (
bai .
inujlz bo bapre (badalnei ) lia i n .
wult (talawwunnn izdj) ba i .12am baun (bab)par/zenwub (bo,ele) se taswi ren
blza i nclzti ba i .
wuli bare”
(b imat Zeta”
) ba i .wulzglgar i bon bo babut blzaira
'
t
d iyd bar te)ba in .
wub balzut (bba i ra'
t)bar id bai .
wuli eb d i l—baslzg i t ba i .
ma in in clzizon bo (sas/d )sa inajlztd bun.
wuli jinlzen tlzag sabte ba zn(t/zagte li a in
y i lz (pan i r )aclzcli lui na/zzn .
mai n ne eb inurgfi i bo das
(cbzizon) samet deb/2d .
1 I2 cl: ief— cl i /nate.
My c/zief reason for com inghere was to see yOu ,
I have known h im s ince h isclzi ld/zood ,
These are but clzi ld islz employments ,
H e has lately come from C lzina ,
W hy are all these cb ips here ?take them away ,
C ut th is stick w i th a c/zisel ,I t was his OWn clzoi ce to d o so ,
C lzoose wh ich of these two you
please ,
Mix some cinnamon W l th the
other Spices ,
O ne and a c ip/zer make ten ,
They all sat in a ci rcle,
They have c i rculated noticesin all d irections ,
H as th is co in been long in
ci rculation ,
Th is is a curious ci rcum
stance,
H e is one Of the C ompany’
s
civi l servants,'
H e is civi l to every one ,
H e received 115'
w i th greatc ivi l i ty ,
Have you any further claim
on that gentleman'
s estate ?
T he claws of that an imal arevery Sharp ,
Bricks are made ofclay ,
She is more clever than he ,
T he attorney has written to
h is cl i en t,T he cl imate of Europe is vervfi ne,
merd (as! ) nza tlab yalza'
n ane
se tum/zd rd d eb/i nd tlzd .
ma in use (larabpa'
n ) se jd ntdlzzin.
y i li faba t (ti/tuna) sbagfi l
lza in.
tlzore d in li zi e bi wu/z (C lzi n )seyaluinayd lia i .
y i li sd rd (barbut) yalian by zin
pard bai .9 use le-jdo.
i s labr i bo (rub/taut se bd to.
us ne apn i (raza'
mand i ) sey inbd in b iyd .
in donon men sejzse clui lzo (lo).
aur masd l i lzon be sd tlz (dd rclzi n i ) Mi ld /o;
eb par (sitar ) rablzne se das
liote lzazn ;
wulz sab (lza lba ) bandlzbar
ba i tlie.
un lzon ne lzar taraf islztiba'
r
(jd r i biye ba in ).is sibbe bd (clza lan ) bali nt d inse bzi
,a
'
li a i
y i li'
ajab (mdjard ) ba i .
wulz K ampan i be (mulb i ) abl ibd ronmen se lia i .
wulz lia r eb s'
e (abb lrib be sli t/21)peslz-d td li a i .
us ne 1mm se bar i (tawd an'
) besat/z muld bci t
‘
b i .
tum us sd lzi b be ma“
! par anrbuclzlz (da
’
wa) rabbte biousja
'
nwar be (clzangul ) bali nttez lzazn .
i nten (nzi tti ) se banti ba zn .
wulz larbi is la rbe se (gali i n )ba i .
wab i l ne apne (muwabbi l ) bol ib/2d lzai .
Yurap b i (a’
b-o- lzawd ) balzutaclzclzlzi ba i .
I 14 company confess.
I am glad to be in his company , us b i (musd lzabat)bali ut bjgwus/z nan.
L et us compare my wri ting liam apud l ib/1d tumlzd re se
w ith y ours ,
A sh i p sai ls by the compass , (butb-numd se) jala i e cli al /d
VVhy act thus ? have you no bynd n isd barte bo .? tum/zen
compassion ? (ralnn )nab i n d tdA re you competen t to the work tum is brim be (ld l
z'
b) lzoI have long compla i ned ofh is ma in us be clzd l -clza lan bd
cond uct , bali nt d in se (slzdb i bun).H e is always com ing wi th '
zvulz bameslza (nd l i slz) ba rtdcomp la i nts , d td ba i .
H e is complete master of th is usbo i s zaba’
n par (p ii r i bud ratlanguage ,
li d s i l ) lza i .S ir, Mr. send s h is conz g fi ar i b
-parwar , fuld ne sd lzib
pl imen ts to you ,dpbo (sa ldm ) babte lza in.
Unless you comply , what can agar tum (rd gzi ) na 120, to ma inI do byd barun
H e is now composi ng a gram ab wulz sarf o nalzw b i bi ttib
mar , (tasn if barte lta iu).I d on
'
t exactly comprehend ma in y i lz blzub nabin (samajli )th is ,
sabtd .
I cannot concea l th i s matter , i s bd t bo ma in poslzida nali in
rabli sabtd ).L et us not indulge concei t, lzam sab (d imdgb ) 7i a baren .
That man is very con cei ted , wulz d dmt bard ba i .
I conceive you are in the righ t, ma in (b_ lzayd l bartd li zin ) b ili abb tum/zd r i taraf lza i .
Th is business does not concern y i li bdm tum se nalzin
you,
Th is has caused her much i s se wulz babut (glzabrd -
gaj)concern li a i .
I t is time to conclude, (tama’
m barne) bd wabi bai .Th is is the conclusion of the y i lz bd b bd (db_ lzi r) ba i .
chapter ,
I saw a great concourse of ma in ne bali nt d dmiyon ba'
people , (jama‘
lo) d eb/i d,
My cond i tion is be tter than h is ,merd (lza
‘
l ) us se bi lztar ba i .H is cond uct is to be com us bd (bdm) ta
'
r i/ be ld I ib ba i .
mend ed ,
“'
ho w il l cond uct us th ither ? wa/zdn li am bo baun (lejliggd )I con/ess my conduct has been ma in (ibrd r bar i d bzin)bi mere
am iss , at"
J ! fi an ib bule.
confidence convey.
I place no confidence in whatthey say ,
H e is now confined in jai l ,
Is the news confirmed or not
Y ou have confused my work ,
There is no connection in these
sentences ,
H e conquered the whole coun
try ,
1 am not conscious of havingsaid so ,
Do you consent to my pro
posal ?She went without my consent,
That is ofno consequence,I wi l l consider of it ,T he cargo of the vessel was
consigned to him ,
H is consti tution is very strong,
L et us consult upon th is sub
ject ,H owmuch ind igo wil l th is boxconta in
Treat no one with con tempt,I am content wi th what I have ,
They are very contentious ,There is a continual noise in
, th is place ,
T he G overnment contracted for
the paper,Contrary wind s detained the
vesse l ,By what contr ivance shall wego there
Will your com ing to-morrowbe conven ien t?
1 15
Are you fond of couvet sati on ? tum (guft—o-
g i2)be sli d 2bboWill you please to convey th is dp m i lzrban i se y i li clii z us tabarticle to him (le-d en).
nu be balznepar ma i n (i’
ti bd r)nab i n bartd .
wuli ab band i -blgd ne men
(ba i d ) ba i .bbabar (ta lzbib b i i ,i )yd nalzzntum ne merd bdm (darlzambar/2am bar -d iyd ).
injum lon menbuclzlz (mund sabat) nab i n .
us ne sd rc mulb bo (fatli bi yd ).
mujlze (y dd ) na/ztn bi ma i n ner
a isd bad d bai .mer i bd tpar tum (rag i 120)
wuli bigba ir mer i (zyd zat) begay
”
.
buclzlt (mugdyaba ) nab in .
ma in usejabd z bd bojbd usbe (dawd lebiyd gayd ) tbd .
us be (buwa) balzut aclzclz/ze
12am.
lzam is mubaddamemen(mas/zwara baren ).
is sandubclze men bi tnd n i l
bis i b i (lzibd rat)mat baro.
j0 mere pd s bai us par mujlze
(band'
at) ba i .wub bare (jlzagrd l zi ) lzazn .
i s jagali men (bameslza) slzor
ralztd bai .
S arbd r Balzd dur ne bdg lgaz bd
(tbebd l zyd ).bd d - i (mublzd l if) se jalzd z
cblzznbd i abd .
lzam bis (tadbi r ) se walzd n
ja ,enge .
bal d ne men tum/zen (sublzi td )
1 16 con 'inced— c;a tit.
I am convinced what you sayis t1ue ,
Having no cook , he coobs for
h imself,
I t is cooler to-day than it was
yesterday ,
P lease copy th is for me ,
Buy some cord , and tie these
th ings together ,
I s there no corb to th is bottle ?'
I here was great plenty of
corn last year ,
Have you any correspondencew i th h im
Society here is extremely cor
rupt ,W'
hat wi ll be the cost of these
articles ?They l ive in cottages ,Move th is couclz into the other
l oom ,
H e couglzs all night ,He is a
o‘membei ofthe Supreme
Counci l ,L et us regard good counsel ,
Coun t over the money I gave
you ,
Th is is a counterfei t rupee ,
Th is coun try produces much
Th is is my native country ,
Buy for m e a couple ofrazors ,
Y ou possess greater courage
than I ,
They are excess ively covetous ,
There 15 a cracb in th is bas in ,
Th is m i lk produces no cream ,
God cr eated the world ,
G od is the C reator ofal l crea
tures ,
Do you cred i t what he says?
mujlze yab in ba i ) bi tum/zd rdbalznd rd st lza i .
bdwarclzi na lzone be sabab se
wu/z apud blzdnd dp (pabdletd li a i ).
ba l se dj (sard i ) ziy d a’a lza i .
m i lzrbd n i barbe i s bi (nab i )merebuclzlz (rassi ) mol - lebar , in
clzi zoiz bo —ibattlzd bdndbo.
i s bol d ! b i (d d t) nali inp i clzlzle sd l (andj) bi balzutbasrat i li i .
tumbd r i (bba tto bi tdbat) us besd l/z lza i
yalzdn be logon be wati ren ibdyat (bure) li d in .
in cli i zonb i by d (b imat) bog i
wulz(jbopriyon)menrab ie/1am .
d i isre bamre men i s (pa lang )bo le-jda.
wulz rd t bba r (blzanstd ) lzai .wuli supr im (baunsal ) bd eb
m imbar lza i .
bam n eb (sa ld lz) md nen.
ma i n ne ]0 rupa i d iye unbed
y i lz (blzota) r dpiya li a i .i s mulb men balzut (r d / i )paiddlzoti ba i .
y i li merd (watan ) lza i .(do) usture mere l iye mol
- lo:
mujlz se tum ziy d da (d i ler i )rablzte li o.
wulz bare (.tdmz lza i n .
y i lz bartan plzutd ) lza i .is dud li se (maldj) nab i n
n iba lti . [ biydblzudd ne d unyd bo
b_
lzudd (bjgd l ib) tamdmlubd t) bd lza i .
tum isbd bali nd (bdwa r ba i
te lzo)
1 18
H as the cargo rece ived anydamage
?
Th is house is very damp ,
They spend the ir t ime in s inging and d ancing ,
W hy are you afraid ? there is
no danger ,
I dare not d o as you say,
T he n igh t was very darb ,
They are in gross darbness ,
What is the d ate of h is letter ?
They rise at dawn ,
What tim e of the day is it ?
I saw a d ead snake on the
road s id e ,
H e is deaf: and can hear no
th ing ,
H e dea ls honestly w ith everybody ,
T he good s you'
have purchas edI th ink are very dear ,
H e is very dear to me ,
A debtor is one who owes
1noney.
They only l ive by decei t ,What is there more d ecei tfulthan the human heart ?
Y ou have been deceived bythem ,
L et h im decide th is question ,
I asked h im , but he decl ined ,
That article decreases in valued ai ly,
A d ecree was passed for th ispurpose ,
I shall deduct so much fromhis account ,
damage—ded uct.
us be lzisdb se main i tnd (bambard rigd
byd jalzd z be‘
md l men buclzlz
(nubsd n )palzunclzd i’
yi lzg lzar bali nt (mar tzi b) li a i .wuli apne aubd t (ad eli ne)gd ncmen basar barte lza in.
tum by zindarte /Z0 buclzlt (andes/za) nalzin.
ja isd tum balzte lzo,wa isd barne
b i (jur ,at na lzinrablztd lzd i i ).rd t bali nt (and/zer i ) tlzi .wuli bare (and/zere) men pa relia in.
us be bba tt b i baunsi (td r ib_ b )li ai
wuli (nur be tarbe) ntli te 11am .
ab by d (wabt) lza i ft?rd lz be bind re mazn ne (mard
bu,d ) sdnp deb/2d .
wuli (babrd ) ba i , bucb/z sunnalzin sabtd .
wuli sab be sd tlz d iyd natdd r i se
(bd robd r ba rtd bai ).jo asbdb dp nebbar i dd ba i , mere
nazd ib , ba 7 d (gi rdn) lia i .wulz mujlze ba rd (piyd rd ) ba i .
(barzdd r ) wulz bai jo rupiyad lzd rtd li o.
wuli (fareb- lzi )sed in bd t/eba zn .
d dmt be d i l se ziyd da mabbd r
baun lza i
tum ne un se (dagi ia bhd i lzai
wuli y i lt mu dma la (fa isa lbare).
ma i n ne us se darblzwd st b imagar us ne i nbd r biyd .
us elz i e bi b imat roz-ba -roz
(bam lzoti jd ti lza i ).is i sabab eb (bubm )jd r i ltd /i .
deep— desire.
H ow deep is th is tank ?Do you see any defect in th is ?
H e“
mad e h is defence in court,
T he statements of both de
fiendant and plainti ff wereheard ,
They are not deficient in sense ,
She is deformed in person ,
W ho defrays the costs of his
learn ing ?H is m ind is much dejected ,
There is much delay in th is ,
Th is is my del iberate opin ion ,
H er hand s and feet are verydel i cate,Th is is a most del i cious morsel ,I was greatly del ighted to see
him ,
T he fever is so v iolent that heis sometimes del i r ious ,
Did you del iver to h im mymessage ?
H e del i vered his brother frommuch d istress .
Have you any demand uponme
H e d emanded more than h is
d ue ,
H e d en ies hav ing said this ,
When d o you intend to de
part?I cannot depend upon what hesays ,
That depend s upon the state of
my health ,
Th is is a d eposi toryfor boobs ,
What d escr iption gave he of
the placeThey deser ve to be pun ished ,
I will desi re him to d o so ,
1 19
wulz saed be (ld ,ib) lzain.
ai sd barne bo ma in use (ba
yi /i td ld b bi tnd (gali rd ) lzaitum is men bucli lz (
'
a ib) deb/ztelzo
us ne'
ad d lat men ('
ugr) b iyd .
'
7nud da'
i aur (madda'
d’
a la i lz)dono/i be i zlzd r sunega ,
e.
wulz (bam)-'
abl nali in lza i n .
us bd badan (bad -slzabl ) bai .us be s ibbne bd blzarcli baun
(detd ba i )us bd d i l ba/zut (add s) ba i .is bdm men bali nt (tawabbuf )bai .
y i li mer i pabbi (ta/w i z) ba i .asbe bd t/z pa
,on balzut (nd zub)
li ain.
y i li bali nt (lag ig n iwd la) lzai .us be deb/zne se ma in bali nt
li d,d .
tap a is i sablzt lzai bi babbi
babb i wub (aul faul babuelagtd li a i ).
tum ne merd paydm us bo
pail anclzdy dusne apne bli d , i bo bar i tabl ifse (najd i d i ).
muj/z par buclzli tumbd rd
(da'
wd ) baius ne babb se zi yd da (clzd lzd ).
[ bai lwulz a isd babne se (inbd r bartdtum bab (jd ne) bd i rd da
rabbte lzo
us b i bd t par ma i n (i’
timd d )nab i n bar -sabtd .
wulz mer i tandurusti par(maubuf ) bai .
y i li (butub-blzd na ) li a i .us jagali bd us ne byd (bay d u)
120
I have a great desi re to see
h im ,
H e is very desi rous of seeingYOU .
H e despai rs of accompl ish inghis object ,
W e ought not to despise anyone ,
Your papers have been al l d e
stroyed ,
Do not d etain the servant anylonger,I am determined to do as you
recommend ,
There ismuch dew on the grass ,
H e was ruined by playing at
d i ce ,
See i f th is word is in the
d i ctionary ,
What sort ofd iet does be useWhat is the d iference betweenthe two
People are ofd ijeren t O pin ionson the subject ,
Do you th ink that the Engl ish“
language is d ifi cul t ?
D ig up th is jungle ,
I t requires only d i l igence ,
They are d i l igen t scholars ,
H er eyes are become d im
through age ,
H e d ines at one o'
c lock ,
I must go now , it is d inner
time
desi re- d isadvantage.
us bo deb/w e b i ni ujlz bo ba r i
(Mrpd lzislz) ba i .wulz tum lzd re deb/me bd ba rd
(d rzzimand ) lza i .wuli apne bdm be anjdm se
(nd -ummed ba i ).bam bo na clzd lziye bi bisi bo
(li ab i r samjlten).tumlzd re bdg_
lzagd t sab (barbd dear).
tum us naubar bo aur mat
(at/Mn)tumlzd r i sa ld lz be mutdbib
barne bd ma in (pabbd zrd darabbtd rum).
glzd spar balzut (slzab-nam) lza i .wuli pd sd ) bbelne se tabd lz
lzzild .
deblzo to bi y i li lajg'
e (laugjga t)men lia i .
wulz ba isi (g_
lzigd blzd ta lza i )i n donon menby d (farb) lza i 1?
is mubadd ame men d dmiyon
b i (7nubbta l if) rd ,en li d in .
tum samajbte lzo bi a izgrez i
zabd n (muslzbi l ) lzaii sjanga l bo (b/zod -d d lo).faba t (boslzislz) darbd r li a i .
wulz (m i lznati ) slzdgi rd lza in,
burlzdpe se us b i dub/zen
(dlzund lzl i ) lzo-
ga,i n .
wuli eb baje (blzdnd bbd td ba i ).mujlze abjd nd clzd lziye (bbd ne)li d wabt ba i .
Th is 15 the d i rect road to y i li K albatte bi (s i d/zi ) rd /z
C alcutta ,
P lease d i rect me where to fi nd
h im ,
I will attend to your d i rections ,
Th is road is very d i rty ,
I f you act thus , it will be to
your d isad vantage,
y i li id li bar i
lza i .
dp gard (batld -d ijzye) bi ma inus bo babd npd ,zingd .
ma in dp bd (i rslzd d ) bajdla un J d .
gjgal i g) lzazagar tum a isd baroge to tum
lzd rd ba rd (nubsd n) bogd .
I 22 d istinct— d roz'
e.
H is articulation is c lear and us bd ta laf uz ba/zut sdf our
d i stinct, rud e z'li ba i .Tel l me the name of th is d is i s (mard z) bd ndw batd p .
temper ,
I cannot d istinguis/z these twoletters ,
She is now in great d i stress ,Th is is the ir d iversion ,
A d ivi dend on h is estate w i l lbe paid the first of next
month ,
W hy do you do so?
T he vessel is now in docb
repairing ,
H e is a doctor ,
Th is is very strange doctr ine,H e has taken two doses of
med ic ine ,
Double th is string , and then it
wi l l d o ,
I s th is paper doubleI t is doubtful i f he wi ll come ,
I
H ow can one horse d rag such
a load ?There is a d ra in under the
house ,
G ive me one d raug/zt ofwater ,
Make the figures , and d raw
a l ine ,
I wi l l show you a beauti fuld raw i ng ,
I thought thus in my d ream ,
H e cares noth ing about d ress ,
Wai t a l ittle , he is now
d ressi ng ,
H e always d r ives very fast,
I heard that he is sufferingfrom d ropsy ,
I d rove a nai l into the wall ,
i n donon barfon men ma i n
(ta in i z) nab i n bar sabi d .
abwu/zba/zut (ld c/zd r i )menIza z .y i/z un bd (taznd s/zd ) ba i .d d sre inab i neb i pa/zl i td r i b/z usbe md l bi (bist)pa/zunc/zeg i .
tum, a isd by zin (bar te bo).jabd z (dab) men marammat
botd ba i .
wu/z (.tabib) ba i .y i li
'
ajab .ta rali bd (usd l ) ba i .
us ne do (bbzp urdb) dawd b/zd , iba i .
i s ras si bo (do/2rd baro) to bdm
by d y ib (do/2rd ) bdg_
/zag Iza ius be d ue na d ue men (shabb)lzai .
eb gbord i tnd boj/z bis tara/zsabtd lza i
g/zar be n i c/ze (mor i ) ba i .
muj/i e eb (g/zdnt)pd n i pi ldp .
Iza ndase l i b/to , aur eb ' lab i r
mai n tum bo eb bb zi b-sd ra i
(tasw i r ) d ib/zdningd .
ma i n ne men a i sa
deb/2d .
w it/Z (poslzdb) b i buc/zb parwdnab i n bar i d .
t/zord sabr baro wu/z ab bapre
pa/zi ntd ) ba i .TOM/l bames/za gd r i ba/zut tez(bdnbtd ) ba i .
ma in ue sund bi us bo (jalandar bi ) bimd r i ba i .
ma in ne eb bi l d iwd r men
d rum— ebb.
“
T he d rum is beat in the fortdai ly ,
H e is quite - a d runbard ,
Th is house is exceed ingly d ry ,
Whose are these d ucbs and
geese ?
That note falls d ue to-morrow,
She is both dumb and d eaf,”
H e has learned so long , yet he
is a d unce,Real and d urable happiness isnot attainable on earth ,
Do these artic les pay d utyA dwarf is one who is l ittle in
stature ,
Dwel l where he may, he is
unhappy ,
H e is eager to und ertake the
business ,
H e shows great eagerness to
learn ,
In th is way I can earn ten
rupees a month ,
Y ou are not in earnest in what
you say , you only jest ,I gave ten rupees earnest
money ,
Y ou d eafen one’
s ears by your
.noise ,
They manufacture eart/zen
ware ,
An eartbguabe was fe lt latelyin th is neighbourhood ,
Do you travel east , west , north ,
or south ?
I will set you an easy lesson ,
T he tid e has begun to ebb,
bi l'
e men (nabbd rd ) lza r roz
bajtd ba i .
wub bard (matwd l d ) ba i .y i li g/za r babut (szibbd ) bai .y i li (ba ttab) aur bans bis be
ba inus bund i bi (m i
'
d d ) ba l ta ind inbogi .
wu/z (gung i )b/zi lza i anz ba/zr ib/zi .
i tne d i non par/me pa r bb i (alimab bd abmab) ba i .
dunyd men bbwusb i saclzc/zi
aur (pd ,ed d r) bisi bo mi ln inab in .
in c/zizonbd (mabszi l )lagtd ba i(baund ) wub ba i jis bd badd
c/z/zotd 120.
clzd /ze bab i n (rabe) nd -bbwusb
b i rabtd lzai .
bdm utlzd ne bd wu/z bard (d rzzi inand ) ba i .
wuli s ibli ne bi bag-
i (bbwd lzisli )zd /zi r bar i d ba t .
is tarab se ma i n das r upaiuza/zi na (ba 7nd ) sabid lzzin.
turn (sacb mucli ) to nalzin
ba/zte ,faba.
t bansi se babte120.
ma i n ne das rzipa i bd (ba i'
d na )
tum aisd slzor mac/i d le /lo bi
(ban )plzatte bai n .
wu/z (matti be) bartan band te
Izain.
t/zore d in lzzi l e bi is nawd lz men
(bli zinclzd l ) bd d t/zd .
(masbr ib), magfi r i b,jan zib, y d
slzimd l bd safar barte 120ma in tum bo (sab l ) sabab
(ab b/zd t/zd ) s/zurzi'
bai .
124
There w i l l soon be a solar
ecl ipse,
I saw him s i tting on the edge
of the river,W ho is the ed i tor of th is newspaper ?
She has wri tten a book on
ed ucation
H e has sold all h is ejects ,
I gave h im med ic ine , but it
had no eje ct,I saw a b ird '
s nest wi th four
G ive th is book to your eld er
brother,Her'
s is an elegan t house ,
H e is very eloquent,C h ina is a large empi re,W ho vn
'
ll employ such peopleWh o is your employer ?What is your employmen t
Th is house is empty , it has no
tenant,
E nclose m y letter in yours ,
Th is afford sme encouragemen t,Your former kind ness encon
rages me ,
There is no end to h is talking ,
I must endeavour to see him
to- day ,
Th is note wants your endorse
ffleflt,
T he cat is the enemy of the
mouse ,
H e goes to work with great
energy ,
I have engaged him as myservant ,
I have an engagement th isevening , and therefore can
not accept your invitation ,
ecl ipse— engagement.
tbore d in men (suraj-galia n )
main ne us bo‘
daryd (bind reba it/1d d eb/i d .
i s abbbd r bd (edi tar) baun lia i
us ne
bi tdb l ib/i i lia i .
us ne apnd sab (asbdb) bee/z
ma i n na us bo'
dawd d i , lebin
us bd buclzb (asar ) na b ii ,d .
ma i n n e eb c/zirzyd bd g/zonsld ,
aur clza'
r (ande) debbe.
apne (bare) bbd} bo y i li bi td b
dend .
us bd glzar balzut (sat/2rd ) lia i .wu/z bard (bolne wd ld )ba i .Cb i n eb ba r i (sa ltanat) ba i .baun a ise logon bo (bdm degd )tum/zd rd (d bd ) baun ba itum byd (bdm) barte 110 1?
y i li g lzar ba i , is men
bo,i bi rdyadd r nab i n Izai ,
merd biza tt apne bba tt men
(rabb-do).y i li mujlz bo (tasa l l i ) detd ba i .dpb i agl i m i/zrbd n i merd (d i lbarbd ti ba i ).
us b i babwd s bi (in ti lzd ) nalzin.
a] us b i muldbd t bd mujlze
(basd )barud clzalzzye
is bundi par tumlzd re (dastbba t) gard r ba in .
clzzibe b i (d usbman ) bi l l i lza i .
w it/z bar i (lzimma t) se bdm
bar id ba i .
main ne i s bo naubar (rabblzd)ba i .
mer i a] b i rd t eb jaga/z (mi /imd n i ) ba i , is l iy e ma in dpb i da
'
wat babii l nab i n bar
126 exceed s— expressed .
H e exceeds every one in intell i
gence ,
Th is is most ex cel lent frui t ,What you propose , I th ink , is
exceptionable in one par
ticular ,I wi ll give you th is in exclzange
for that ,T he exclzange is a place wheremerchants m eet to transact
business ,I have no d es ire to exclzange
s ituations with you ,
L et us exci te each other to
study ,
Pray excuse my not havingformerly written to you,
They made many excuses ,
Three men were executed for
murd er last Mond ay ,
W ho is the executor to his
estate ?
Do you expect to see h im
shortly ?T he king expel led h im fromthe land ,
What wi l l be the expense of
doing th is ?House-rent is very expensivein C alcutta , balzut (ziyd da) lia i .
H e has exper ience in business , '
zouli bd r-o-bd r men (mas/zslzdb) lza i .
I f you ask , he wi ll expla in agar tum pzi cli lzo, tojo tum na
any part wh ich you d o not samajlzte lzo wuli tam/zen
unders tand , (samjlzd -degd )These articles are for expor ta .y i li asbd b (d zi sre mulb bo b/zejnetion ,
be l iye) lza in.
Much ind igo was exported last balzut n i l pi c/zlzle malzine men
month , (rawd na l uri d )I d on
'
t know how th is phrase main nalzin jdntd y i li bd i“
is expressed in Engl ish , A ngrezi men bi s tarali (bol i
jd ti ) liai .
'wulzd d ndl
'i menli ar eb se (bard )li a i .
y ib mewa balzut lzi lza i .
mer i d d n ist men, jo tum tafwi zbarte lio
,eb b
_
lzdss bd t men
bdbi l - z z'
tzrd z ba i .
us be (bad le) main tum bo y i li
d zi ngd .
(mandi ), wulzjagalz lzai jalzansauddgar tijd rat barne bo
i battlze lzote lzainmai n apn i lzd la t bo tumlzd re
lzd l se (tabd i l barne) b iblz7p d lzislz na/z in rablztd .
lzam eb dusre bo par/me bi
(ta1g _
1b den).ma in ne ]0 dge b_ lza tt na l ib/2a
y i li buszi r m i lzrbdn i barbe
'
runlz ba/zut ('agr ) Id le.
pi c/zlzle d uslzambe bo tin d dm i
g un barne b i’
i l lat men
plzdnsi d iye ga,e).
us b i jd ,edd d ba baun (i rias i )lza i
(tum/zen ummed lza i ) bi use
ja ld debbogebd dslzd lz 726 21s (1
7
85 (”ibi /ti
is bdm barne menbyd (Marc/z)
extenta —fatlzer less. 127
Th is is the extent of the irlearning ,
I showed you an extract fromth is letter,
’
Th is is extraord inary news ,H is ch i ld ren are ex travagant,H er eyebrows are b lack ,H ow can you wri te i f you shut
your eyes
Th is is a book offables , y i li (bisson) b i bi tdb lzai .H erface isfa i r ,
usbd (clzi lzra ) b_ lz_ s -sd rat bai .
Formerly there was an ind igo palzle yalia' n n i l bd (bd rblzd na)
factory here ,
H ad it not been for his assistance , I should havefa i led inmyp urpose ,
From fatigue and hunger they
fainted away ,
I t is nowfa i r , you can go ,
Have you fai tlz in what theysay ?
H e is an old and fai tlzf ulservant ,
H e was killed by a fal l fromhis horse ,
Be assured that the report is
H e has a largefami ly ,
So scarce was com . in that
c i ty , that it was feared there
would be afam ine,I t is now cold , what need haveyou ofafan
She has entirely f asci nated myheart,
H ave you fastened the sad d leon the horse ?
A re these sheepfat or lean ?H e d ied there , leaving a wid ow
.and fi vefat/zer less ch i ld ren ,
nu be pa rltne bi (badd ) y i li ilzai .
ma i n ne i s blzatt bd (intibbd b)tum/zen d iblzdyd .
y i lz ('
ajib)bbabar li a i .us be larbe (fugzi l—bbarclz)ba zn .
usb i (blzawen) bd l i lzain.
tum (dnbb) band barbe by zin
bar l ibli sabte lzo
us b i madad agar na lzoti , to
merd bdm (anjdm na)pd td .
wub mdndag i aur blzi ibli se
(gjgaslzmen dab d smdn (sdf) lza i tum jd
sabte lzo.
by d tum un be balzepar (yabi n )barte b0 1?
wulz purd nd aur (imd ndd r )naubar lzai .
wulzglzore se (gi rbe) mar-
gayd .
tum fi d ti r jam'
rabbo.bi y i li
blzabar (jlzzi t/z) lza i .wulz bard (
’
iyd l-d d r ) li a i .
us slzalzr men aisi and] b ibi l lat tlzi bi sab bo b
_lzauf
(balzt)bd til d .
ab jd rd lzai , tum/zen (panb/ze)bi byd zarui at lia i 5’
us ne bi l -bul l mere d i l bo
(molt- l iy d ) li ai .tum negliarepar zin bo (bandlid iyd ) lza i [ dubl i 2
’
by d y i li blzeren (moti ) lza inydwuli eb bewa aur pdncli (yatim)larbe clzliorbar -walzdn mar
I 28 fatigued gli t.
I am very much fatigued wi thwalking ,
Those th ings are not yet ready,
whosefault is itW ho is there that isfaul tless ?P ray favour me with your add ress ,
T he w ind on the river is
favourable for going up the
country ,
Th is l ittle boy is myfavour i te,
W e ough t to fear G od more
than man ,
I would have gone there ,but
I went not , from fear of its
being too late ere I arrived ,
T o - d ay there is a feast at h is
house ,
T h isfeatlzer is very beaut i ful ,T he features of these two are
al ike ,
H e is now very feeble ; he is
unable to stir from home ,
T he squirrel feeds ch iefly uponfruit ,
I feel a pain in my s ide ,what
shal l I d o ?I saw several kind s of b ird s , a
pair of each kind ,male and
There is a ferry -boat at th islace ,
T li)
e whole so i l of that country us mulbbi sd r i zam in (zar—bl zez)isferti le, lzai .
Go ,fete/z some frui t out of the ja,o,bag]; se tlzord mewa
gard en ,
I know not i f many or few ma in nalzin jd ntd bi wa li dn
were there , (tlzore) i lze y d babut.T o whom does th is field y i lz (blzet) bis bd lza i .
9
be long ?I t is better to sit sti ll than to clzupbe ba i l lie ralznd (larne) se
fi g lzt, bi lztar ba i .
ma i n sai r ba rne se balzut (tlzab)
wu/i clzi zen jo abtab taiyd r
naiz i n , to bis b i (tabs i r ) ba ibaun (be busur ) lza i(mi lzrban i bazbe) apne g lzar bdtlzibd nd (fa7 7nd 2ye)
clzarlzd o b i tarafjd ne bo da r i 'dbi lzawd (muwdfib) ba i .
=y i lz baclzclza
'
7nerd bali nt ('
az i z)lzaz.
lzam bo clzd lziye bi d dm i b i
ban isbat fli t/dd se zi rd d a
ma zu walzdnjd i d leb i n is (darse) na gayd bi waluin palzunclzne men der lzog i .
dj us beg lzar eb (e iydfat) lza i .
y i lz (par )balzut s227 at lzaz.
i n donon b i (slzabl )melti lza z .
ab wulz balzut (ga'
if ) lza i , gbarse bd lzar n iba l nalzin sabtd .
g i lalzr i blzd ss-bar me wa lzi
(blzd ti ) lza i .mere pa lzl zi men dard (ma
'
lum
li otd lza i ), main bya barun .4’
ma i n ne baliut bism b i clzirzydndeb/ti n , lzar lzar bi sm bd eb
jo7 d , ya'
ne na7 aur (md da ).i s mabd m par eb (dong i ) li ai .
I30 flour—formidable .
Bread is mad e offlour ,
Y ou must not pluck these
flowers ,
H e can play upon thefi ute ,
There are a number offi ies ,
H e cut the parrot's wing, lestit should fly away ,
I n the morn ing there is a th ickfog here ,
Fold these th ings in paper,
- Y ou go before , I wi l lfol low ,
I am not at al l fond of that
frui t ,Wh at sort offood is th is ?H e is a greatfool ,T o be angry wi thout a cause
isfool ishness ,
L ook at the horse ’
sfoot,“'
hy d id you forbi d him to
com e
T he stream now runs wi thgreatforce,
H e fe l l d own and cut h is forehead ,
H e is gone to a foreigncountry ,
She possesses muchforeszghtho can fo7 etel l what wil lhappen on the n i orrow
For d o ing th is youmustfo7fei ta rupee ,
Don'
t forget to tell him what
I said to you ,
I f he had acknowledged h is
faul t , I should havefoig'
ven
h im ,
\ Iake a tab le of th isfo7m ,i s shabl b i eb mez band 0.
Wh ich part ofh is letter d o you us be bha tt ba baun sa h issa
th ink the best , theformer or tum/zen pasand d td ha i ,the latter ? (palild );'d p i chhld
T he objections youmake to my jo i'
ti ra‘
g tum mer i tajw iz parplan are ind eed formidable, barte ho sobahut (sabhtflzai n.
(d te)bi roti banti ha i ,i n phzi lon) bo mat toro.
wub (bdnsl i )bajd nd jd ntd ha i .yahd nbahut (mabbhiydn)hazn .
us ne tote be par bat-d d le, b i
(u7 nafd ,e)is jagah subh bo (buhd sd )bahut hotd hai .
i n 61217 075 bo bdg_
lzag men
(lapeto).tum dge jd ,a, ma i n (p ichhe
wuh pha l mujlz bo buchh nab i n
y ih baisd (bhd nd ) ha iwub bard (abwab) haz.
be—sabab bhafd hond (nd dan i )ha i .
g li07 e bd (pd on) deb/10.
tum ne use byun d ue se (man'
bzyd
dhd r is wabi bare (zor) se
bahti ha i ,
wuh g i r-pard aur (peshd n i ) us
b i bat-gaj.
wuh pardes)gay d hai .
wuh bar i (d 127 andesh ) ha i .baun (bah sabtd ba i ) bi ba l
azsd barne se tum/ten eh
7 7t ya (bhond )paregd .
yo ma in ne tum se bahd hazwub
us se bahnd (blzul najd nd ).agar wuh apn i tabs i r bd ibbd l
bartd , to ma in use (mu’
df
forsabe—futur i ty . 131
L et us not forsabe our friend s be—basi b i hd lat men ham bo
in the ir d istress ,
H e has mad e a largefi rtune,
Ifound itund erneath the table ,
T he foundation of the house
was laid,
There are fountains of watereverywhere ,
Whose are those fowls in the
gard en ?
Y ou are free to do as you
please ,
I t is so cold tod ay, I th ink at
night it wi l lfreeze,I have engaged the whole of
th is vessel ’sfreight ,I have frequent opportuni tiesof see ing it ,
I s th isfresh m i lkThese greens are fresh fromthe gard en ,
What shall I do ? I have no
fr iend ,
I am now entirelyfr iend less ,I have seen a most frightful
figure ,
In Ind ia the frogs are verylarge ,
H ow d oes he manage his
household affairs ? is he
fruga l or extravagant ?
T he purpose for wh ich you
sent me has beenfulfil led ,
I s th i s cask empty orful l ?H ow soon can you furn ishthese th ings
H e makes all kind s offurn iture,
W e cannot see intofuturity,
chd hiye bi dostori bo na
(chhor—den).us ne (md l ) bahut jam
’
biyd
hai .
main ne usbo mez be n i che
(756W )ghar bi (bunyd d )par i .
sabjagah yahdnpd n i be (chashme) hain .
is bagh menbis b i (murgjiy dn)li d in
tum bo bo,i (robtd nah i n), jo
chd ho so baro.
dj a isi sard i ha i bi slzdyadrd t—bo (ba7f )pare.
is sd rejahd z be (naul )bd ma i nne ibrd r bzyd ha i .
is be debhne bd (absar)mauba’
mi ltd hai .byayih (i d ea ) dudh hai i
’
y ih bdg_
lz b i (td za) tarbd riy dnli d in .
ma i n bya barun i’ bo,i merd
(dost) nah i n ha i .merd is wabt bo
,i (dost nah i n ).
ma in ne bar i (bhauf-nd b)(sd rat) debb i ha i .
H i ndustd n men (mendab)bahutbare lzote ha i n .
wuh apne ghar be bharch menbis tarah cha ltd ha i ?’ (bzfdyat se), y d fug zi l -March i se
y i s murd d be l iye tum ne mujhebhejd thd
, wuh (pur i ho
ga, i ).y ih p ipd bhd l i hai yd (bhard )etum y ih ch i zenbi tn i jald i (taiyd r )bar -sabte lio
wub har bism bd (asbd b) taiyd rbartd hai .
(dyanda b i bd t) ham nah i n7
'
d n -sabte.
132
Do you expectmuch gain fromth is trad e ?
W hy have you left the gardengate open
Gather up the crumbs ,There are no l im i ts to h is
generosi ty ,
H e is very generous and gentle,A re you acquainted with thatgentleman ?
H e has composed a book on
geography ,
C an you get me another bookl i ke that
ga i n—grand .
by d tum/zen ummed ha i bi i sbd r -bd r se bard
(bdgfi ) bd phd tab byan blzuld
roti be tubre (jam'
baro).us b i b i i nti lzd
nah i n .
wub sabh i aur (narm-d i l ) ha i .tum un (sd lzib) boy
'
d nte ho ft”
unbon ne jughrdfi ya) men eb
bi td b tasn ifb i hai .mere l iye us b i s i , eh dusr i
bi td b (le-d ) sabte lzoDo you know how to gi ld tum jante ho bag_
ba g byunbar
paper ?H e showed me a gi lt pictureframe ,
H e has fi ve ch i ld ren ,
boys and two gi r ls ,A re you g lad or sorry on th isoccas ion ?Take care , th is wil l easi lybreak , it is mad e ofg lass ,
I have bought a pair ofg loves ,
three
Te ll the carpenter to g lue
these two board s together,Is th is cha in mad e ofgold .
s i lver, i ron ,brass , or copper?
Have the goodness to informme ,
Y ou have got many booksgive me one ,
Every one d oes not know how
to govern ,
H e is now Governor of C han
d ernagore ,
In th i s province much gra in
is produced .
Whose grand house is that ?
(zar-affshd n ) barte ha in 2?us ne mujlze tasw
-i r bd eb
sunahrd chaubthd d i bhdyd .
us bepanch la rbe hain , ti n betedo (betzydn).
tum i s mauba‘
par (blzwus/z)hoyd nd
bhabard d r , y ih d sd n i se tut
jd ,egd , (sh islze) bd ha i .
ma i n ne eb jord (dastd na) moll iyd ha i .
y ih do tabhte (saresh se yorne)bo barha, i se babo.
yih zanji r (sone), rupe, lolze,p i ta l , yd tdnbe bi ban i ha i
dp (mi /zrbd n i barbe) mujhefi abar bijzye.
tumlzd re pd s bahut bi td ben
(hain ), eb mujhe do.
har eh shag ; (bd dslzd lzatbarud ) nah i n jd ntd .
wub ab Chandar—nagar bd
bard (hd bim ) lza i .i s sube menbahut (gha l la ) hol dha i . [ ha i
wub bis bd (d'
l i slzd n ) mabd n
134 hang— heavy .
H ang the keys upon the nai l , bhnnti par bunji rdn(latbd )do.
W hen d id that happen uh bab (wd bi‘
hu,a
'
)In th is world no one enjovs is d uny d men bi s i bo bd mi l
perfect happi ness , (b_ hwush i ) nah in ha i .
They who fear G od here wi ll jo d uny d men bhudd se darte
be happy hereafter, hai n wub ubbd men(bhwush )
I s the lesson you have gi venme hard or easy ?
Th is is a great hardship ,
T he hare is a very tim idanimal ,
I s there any harm in d oingth is ?I wr ite in great haste to save
the post ,Y ou must try to hasten his
com ing ,
They hastened away as fas t asposs ib le ,
T o act in a hasty manner is not
wise ,
O n entering the room he tookoff h is hat ,
L et us ha te noth ing but sin ,
H ave you any acquaintancew ith that gentleman ?
l have got a pain in m y head ,
H is wound is now hea led ,
H is hea l th is sound ,
Here is a heap of papers , putthem away ,
H ear what 1 say ,then give an
answer,T he heart ofman is inc l ined to
ev i l ,T o - d ay the heat is very great ,In heaven is unspeakab le happ iness , in hel l
'
unutterab lewoe
Th is box is very heavy ,how
can I carry it ?
dp ne jo sabab 7nt bo d iy d
ha i (mushbi l ) ha i y d d sd n
y ih bar i (sabh ti ) ha i .
(bfi mgosh ) bahut bus-d i l jd nwar ha i .
hy d is bdm be barnemen buchh
(nubsd n ) ha ima i n bahut (ja ld ) l ibhtd b zinbi djb i d d bpar cha ld -jae
us be (ja ld ) d ue be l i re tumhenbosh ish barnd hog i .
wuh apne 7nabd 22r bhar bahut
(ja ld )gela .
(ja ld i ) bd m barnd be-wubnftha i .
hamre be andar d te-h i us ne
(top i ) utd r- l i .
ham siwd gund h be bi si se (nafrat na baren ).
tumhd r i un sd h ib se jd n pahchd n (ha i )
mere (si r) men dard ha i .
is bd 2abh 7n ab (achchhd ) hogay d .
usbd (mi zdj) dur asi ha i .yahdn bdgfi ag bd (dher ) hai ,
jo jo bd ten ma i n bahtd hun
(suno), ba'
d us-bejawd b do.
d dm i bd (d i l )bad i b i tarafmd li l
hotd ha i .
dj sh i d dat b i (garm i ) ha i .(bi h isht)men bhwush i bay d n se
bd har ha i , aur (dozab_ h ) men'
aga‘
b nd -
guftan i ha i .
y ih sand zib bard (bhd r i ) ha i , i sbomain by zinbar lejd l zingd
“heel - hour .
When walking I trod upon h isheel w ith my foot ,What is the height of th iswal l ?Th is large estate is without anhei r ,
C an you afford me any help inth is affair ofm ine
H e is very helpless ,
They l ive only upon herbs ,
T he crows steal , and afterward s hide what they can ,
There are few h i l ls in Bengal ,
Y ou can just give h im a h int
of th is affair,T o go there I must h i re a
palankeen and boat ,
Have you read the history o f
EnglandH e hi t me a very hard blow on
the head ,
H e holds h is pen in the lefthand ,
Make a hole in the ground here ,
G od is holy , just ,’
and pure ,
I t is late ,let me now return
home,I ate some honey out of the
honeycomb ,
H e has obtained much honour ,
I hope to have an interviewwi th you very soon ,
Th is cow has no horns ,An hospi tal is about to be bui ltthere ,
They show great hosp i ta l i ty ,
/Bring some hot water ,Do you know what hour it is ?
135
cha ine men merd pd lon us b i
(ef f)fi rmw are .
is d iwd r bi bi tn i (unchd , i )ha iis bar i mi lb iyat bd bo, i (wd rzs)
nah i n .
tum mere is bd m men buchh
(madad ) bar sabte ho
wuh bahut (ld - chd r ) ha i .
wub faba i (tarbd r i ) bhd -bar
ji te hain.
bawwe, bhd nd churd te hazn ,
aur phi r jo buchh ho sabta
hai (chhipd te) ha in .
Bangale men (pahd r) bahutbam hazn .
tum is bd t bd (i shd ra) use barsabte ho.
wahdnpahunchne be l iyemujheeb pd lbi aur bi shti (hi raya )barn i hog i .
tum ne I ng l i std n bi (td r i bh )parh i hai
us ne bare zor se mere si r men
mubbd (md rd ).wub bd
,en hd th se ba lam (p
bartd ) ha i .
yahdn zami n men (sd rd bh)baro.
bhud d (budd i is), aur’
d d zl aur
pd b ha i .bahut der h ii
,i ab ma i n (ghar )
M an.
ma in ne mabbh iyon be chha tte
se (shahd ) bhaya .
us ne bar i (’
izzat)pd , i .mujh bo y i h (ummed ) ha i bi
jald i tum se muld bd t hog i .
is gd ,e be (si ng ) nah i n .
eh (haspatd l ) wahdn banne bo
ha i .
wuh bar i (m ihmd n -dd r i ) barteha in .
thord (gar /n)pd n i ld ,o.
tumjd nte ho hyd (bajd ) hai 27
136
H e is a man of a very humane
d isposi tion , and humble in
h is own esteem ,
H e possesses great human i tyas wel l as hum i l i ty ,
I am both hung ry and th irsty ,
T he hunter is gone a -hunting ,
I t hurts h is m ind to see such
wicked ness ,
I had no idea that you wouldcome to-d ay ,
They spent the ir time in id le
They are ignorant and id le ,
Such a sentiment is i l l i bera l ,I t is not good always to asso
c iate wi th i l l i terate persons ,
H ow long have you had th isi l lness ?
There is an image in that
temple ,
Whence arose th is imagina:
tion ?
H ow d o you imag ine that Ishould agree to th isTh is is of wood , in imi tation
of stone ,
Y oumustgo there immed iately ,
T he undertaking is l ikely to
be attended with immense
expense ,
T he bod y is mortal , the soulimmorta l
They are immovable in theirO p in ions ,
I t is our duty to impart knowledge .
A h upright judge will be im
partial ,
humane impartia l .
ushe m i zdj men bar i (rahmd i l i ), aur b_ _
hd bsd r i ha i .’
us men bar i (adm iyat) aur
(fa ro- tan i ) ha i .ma i n (bhubhd )piyd sd hun .
(shiba'
r i ) (shibd r -bo)gayd ha i .a isi burd
liyon bo debhne se usbd
d i l (dubhtd hai ).
7nujhe buchh (fi ayd l ) na thd
bi tum djd ,oge.
wah (bebd r i ) men apne aubd t
ed i‘
barte hain .
wub bare (nd dd n )aur susthazn .
y ih bhay d l (bam i ne)pan bd ha i .
(nd -bhwd ndon) be sd th hame
sha suhbat rabhnd bhubnah i n .
bi tne d in se tum boy ih (bimd r i )ha i 1?
us but-bhdne men eh (but) ha i .
y ih (Qayd l ) bahdn se pa iddh 72
,d
tum byunbar (gumd n) barte hobi ma in y ih bubzi l barungd
is bopatthar b i (md n ind ) labr ise bandy d ha i .
tumbo (fauran ) ~wahd 7°
z jd nd
ma'
l dm hotd ha i i s bdm men
(bahut) b_ _
harch paregd .
yzsmfd n i aur r zih (bd b i ) ha i .
wub apui tajwi z men (mustabz
'
l l ) ha in .
'
i lm bd (pha i ldnd ) ham parwdjib ha i .
rd stbd z hd bim (be- tarafdd r )
138
Will my stay ing here ti ll theI S t of next mon th be anyi nconven i ence to you ?
It wi l l be i nconven i ent for me
to wai t on you to—morrow ,
Is what I say correct or in
cor rect?
My fam i ly has lately been increased ,
There is a rumour Ofincreasingthe army ,
They Speak i ndecent language ,
H e is now i ndependent of anyone ,
I s there an index to th is book ?H OW long have you been in
I nd ia ?
Th is is not to be treated w i thi nd zfif fi ence ,
I s th is an i nd igenous plant ?I was formerly employed in
Mr.
'
s i nd igo factory ,
I heard of your i nd i sposi tionlast week ,
I knew h im from h is i nfancy ,
What d o you i nfer from what
he said ?W e must show kind ness and
respect to our i nfer iors , as
wel l as superiors ,
G od is i nfin i te in power and
w isdom ,
W e have no i nfluence over
them ,
I s there no one here that can
give me information con
cerning th is ?She is very i ngen ious ,H e possesses much i ngenui tyT he petition was s igned by
every inhabi tant of the
vi l lage ,
2nconvenzence— znhabi tant.
wah bar i (hunar-mand ) ha i .use bard (hunar ) ha i .
’
arg i par sab gd ,on-be (rahne
wd lon) ne dast-bha tt biye.
d zi sre mab i ne-b i pahl i td r i bh
tab mere rahne se tumhenbuchh (tabl if) hog i
bal tumse muld bd t barne-bd
mujhe (subh i td ) na mi legd .
jo ma in bah i d hun d urasi haiyd (nd -d urusl )
thore d in se mere'
iyd l—atfdl
(barb -
gag ha in ).fauj—be (barhd ne)-bi bhabar
ha i .
wah (fuhsh) babte hazn .
wub bi lfi'
l sab se (d zd d ) ha i .
i s bi tdb-b i (fi hr ist) ha idp bi tne d i non se (H i ndustd n)men ha in .
f’
y ih bdm a isd nah i n bi tum
is sew fi at) baro.
y ih paudhd (isi mulb-bd ) ha ipah le mai n. fuld ne sd h ib-b i
(n i l )b i both i mennauba r thd .
tumhar i (bi 7nd r i )-bd hd l ma innepi chh le hafte sund .
ma i n us bo (larabpan ) sejd ntdhun.
unhon nejo bahd , us se tum by d
(na tija n ibd lte ho)ham bo chd h iye bi (chhoton)be sd th bh i m ihrbd n i aur
adab sepesh dwehja ise baronbe sd th .
bhud d bi bud rat aur h ibmat
b i (intihd bo, i nah in ).un par hamd rd buchh (bas)
nah i n .
boli yahdna isd nah -i h jo mujhei s bd remen(bhabar ) de-sabe
inhuman— insured . I39
T heir d ispos i tion is inhuman ,
They d el ight in al l kind s of
i n iqui ty ,
H is health has been i njuredby too great exertion ,
I never d id him the least
H e practises i njustice toward sall ,They are all i nnocent,These an imals are i nofi nsive,A n i nquest was held y esterd ay
on the body Ofa person whoshot h imself,What kind Ofan insect is th isH e is so i l l that he is insensi ble,
Y ou had better insert th is inyour letter,
H ow very i ns ign ifi can t isman ,
compared to the A lm ighty
H is word s are i nsi ncere ,
They behaved in an i nsolent
manner ,
H e has lately become insolvent,
C al l a person to i nspect th isc loth ,
T he good s are al l ready for
your i nspection ,
I w i l l be wi th you in an
i nstant,Man acts from reason , an imalsfrom i nstinct,
In Europe and Bengal are
nob le i nsti tutions for com
municating knowledge ,
C an you i nstruct me in th issc ience ?I have insured that vessel for
rupees , and I have
un ~be mi zdjmen, be- rahmi )hai .wuh har tarah—be (gand h )barne se bhwush hole ba zn .
ziy d da m i hna t barne se un
b i tandurusti men (b_ ha la l
ma i n ne use buchh bh i (garar )babh i nah i n pahunchdy d .
wub har bis i par (zulm ) bar idhai .
wuh sab (be-gundh) ha i n .
y i hjd nwar (muz i nah in ) hazn .
wub d dm i yo apne dp gol i
md rbe mar -
gayd ,ba l us-bd
badan (debhd -
gay d ).y ih bis bi sm
-bd (bird ) ha iwuh a isd bimar ha i bi (be-hosh )hai .
bihtar ha i bi tum isba apnebha tt men (l ibho).
bd d i r - i mutlab bhudd -be ban i s
bat d dm i bi tnd buchh (nd
.
ch i z) ha ii s- b i bd ten (nd -rd st) hazn .
wah gustdbh i se)pesh d ,e.
us-bd thore d in se (dewd ld )n i bld hai .
eh d dm i bo i s hapre-be (jdnchne)bo buld
,0.
dp-be (7nuld hage)-be wd ste sab
ch i zen taiyd r hai n .
main (eb dam ) men dp be pd sd,zingd .
d dm i , tam i z se, aur janwarapui (samajh) se, bdm bartd
ha i .
Y zi rop aur Bangd le menta'
l im
be bahut achchhe (dastur)bard r d iye hai n .
is'
i lm men tum mujhe (ta'
l im
de) sabte ho .5’
main ne pachd s hazd r rupa i bous jahaz-bd (bimd ) hiyd ha i ,
140 insurancepol icy — irregula r .
the i nsurance pol i cy in my
possessmn,
She has a wond erful i ntel lect.H ow d id you recei ve th isi n tel l igence
H e is an intel l igent man ,
I ntemperance hurts body and
m ind ,
H ave you any inten tion to go
to EuropeThere is no intercourse betweenus ,
I have no i nterest in th ismatter ,
W hy should we i nterfere in
that affair ?Y ou must i nte7pret what he
says to me ,
I f you know not the language agar tum mulb-b i bol i mah i nO f the country , you must use jd nte ho to rabhnd
an in terpreter ,
I hOpe , sir, I d on'
t interrupt sd h ib, mujhe ummed hai bi
you,ma i n dp -bd mufi i l na
Your com ing here is an i nter tumhd re d ne se mere bd m men
ruption to my business , (b_ ha lal ) hotd ha i .
Shal l I introd uce you to that ma in dp bo un sd h ib se
gentleman (m i ld'
un)H e was i n trusted w ith the us bo sd rd bdm (sipurd ) hiydwhole bus iness ,
I t is said a house wi l l be mashhur ha i bi Ganga- Sagar
buil t at G anga Sagar for thebenefit ofi nva l ids , mabd n banegd .
W ho i nvented th is instrument ? y ih d la bis ne (ijd d) biydT he N awab imagined his nawwd b ne samjhd bi hamd r isold iers were i nvinci ble ,
sipd h par bo,i (fath nah i n
pd -sabtd ).H e has given me an invi ta us ne mer i (da
’
wat) bi ha i .t ion ,
Where is the invoice of these i n asbd b-bi (fi hr ist)bahd 7i ha i ?good s ?
H is affairs are much i nvolved ,as-bd bd r-o-bd r (abtar ) ha i .
T hese l ines are i rregular , y ih sa tren (sidh i nah in).
aur (bime-bd bagbag) merepd s ha i .
us bo‘
ajib ('
abl ) ha i .bis tarah tum ne y ih (b_ habar )pa; e
wub (hashy d r) d dm i ha i(bad -
parhez i ) jism aur mi zdjbo 7nu
_
z i rr ha i .
Y zi rop jd ne-bd tum buchh
(i rd da ) rabb ie 120hamd re tumhd re bi ch buchh
(sar—o-bd r) nah i n .
mer i buchh (g_
harae)nah i n ha i .
ham byun us bdm men (dabhld en) .
9
jo wub majh se bahtd hai tum
hen usbd (ta7juma barud )
142 bind led large.
T hey bind led a fi re with straw , unhon ne payd l -bd d la 0
They showed us very great
bindness ,W e traversed the bingdom Of
Persia ,
G ive me a b iss , then fly yourbi te,Th is is a beauti ful cat, she hastwo bi ttens ,
H e fel l on h is bnees and askedpard on ,
T ry i f you can open th is bnzfe,
Here is a bnot in th is string,
loose it,Do you bnow what peopleth ink Ofh imWhat is wealth without bnow
They labour hard for the irl iving ,
Here are fi fty labourers em :
ployed ,
Having la i d by his profits , hebecame rich ,
I t will cost a labh ofrupees ,
Being lame, he walks wi th a
st ick ,/ P lace th is lamp in the hal l ,Will you go by land or by
sea ?
Where d o you mean to land ?
G hulam Husain is the land
lord O fth is house. I am his
tenant ,
DO you speak our language?I am overcome wi th languor ,
I_
caught a large fi sh yesterday,
unhon ne ham par bar i (m ih7bd n i ) b i .
ham ne tamdm (7nulb)- i I rd nb i sai r b i .
eb (bosa)mu/h bo do aur apud(patang ) urd nejd p .
y ih bahut bhub-szi rat bi l l i hai ,aur us-be do (bachche) ha in .
us ne apne (zd nu)tebbar mu‘dfi
chd h i .
debho to tum i s (chhur i )bo bholsabte ho.
i s rassi men eb (g i rah) ha i , isbo bholo.
tum (jd nte)ho d dm i use baisd
b_
hayd l barte ha in i’big/pai r (
'
i lm)-be, daulat hy d
ha i !
wuh ba r i (mihnat barbe) apu igugrd n ba rte hain .
yahdn pachd s (mazdur) is bd mmen lage hule hain .
mandfi'
bo (jam'
) bar be wuhdaulat-mand li e—gay d .
eh (ld bh ) rup iya is men bha rch
wub (langrd ) hone-be sabab se
ld th i tebbar cha ltd hai .
y ih (lamp) dd ld n men rabho.
tum (fi ushb i yb i rd h jd ,oge y dtar i -b i f?
tum bahdn (utroge)Ghuldm H nsa in is ghar
-bd
(md l ib) hai , ma i n us—bd
bi rdyadd r huh .
tum hamd r i (zabd n ) bolte hemujh par (md ndag
'
i )gizd l ibha i .ma in ne ba l eb (bar i ) machhl i
pahr i .
last— level . 143
I saw h im last Tuesday, (p ichh le)Al angal bomain ne usbo debhd .
W hy do you laugh without be sabab byun (hauste) horeason
I s it lawf ul to do th is ?L et us lay aside everyth ingthat is evi l ,They are exceed ingly lazy ,
Melt th is lead in the fi re ,
Where d oes th is road lead toThat poor man is b l ind ,
another lead s h im ,
Don'
t lean upon the table ,
I saw a monkey leap over the
fence ,
Y ou can learn faster than I ,I took a lease of th is house forfi ve years ,
I t is late ,let us now take leave,
I t is said he intend s soon to
leave th is country ,
H e led so bad a l i fe no one
respected h im ,
H e left all h is business to h issarkar,
Be ing lame O f his righ t hand ,
he writes with the left,
H e fel l O ff h is horse and brokehis leg ,
Th is writing is not leg ible ,
S ir, are you now at leisure,can I speak with you ?I am very poor, can you lend
me a few rupeesMy wages are less than his.
W hy'
d id you let loose the
horse ?
L et us see i f we can read th isbook ,
The g round is quite level ,
y i h barnd (jd , iz) ha i ?ham bo chd h iye sd r i burd
,iyon
bo (chhor-den).wuh n ihdyat (sust) hazn .
i s s i se bo dg men pigh ld py ih rd sta bidhar (jd td ) haiwuh be-chd ra andhd hai , dusrd
use (rd h batd td ) ha i .mez par (bojh )mat do.
mai n ne eb bandar bo bd r
phdnd te) debhd . [ hotum majh se ja ld i (s ibh) sabtemain ne y ih ghar pdnch baras
(bi rdya ) l zyd .
der hai , ham (rufi sat)hon.
sund hai , bi wub ja ld is mulbbe (chhorne)-bd i rd da rabhtd
hai .
wah a isi bur i chd l (cha ld ) bibisi ne us-bi
'
izzat na bi .
us ne apnd sab bdm sarbd r
par (chhor-d iya).d d hine hd th-be lule hone se
wub , (bd ,en) hd th se l ibhtd
ha i .
ghore se g i r—bar usbd (pd ,on)
tut-galyd .
y ih libhd parhd nah i njd td ).sd hib, abh i dp bo (fursat) hai ,ma i n bd t bar sabtd huh
mai n bahut ld chd r hun, thore
rupai (barg de-sabte ho) 2’
merd mah i nd us-be mabi ne se
(bam) hai .tum ne ghore bo bis waste
(chhor—d iya)(debhen), is bi tdb bo ham par/7sabte hain yd nah in .
y ih zami n bi l bul (bardbar)hai .
144 l iable— l ist.
By d o ing th is you are l iable to
a penal ty ,
H e is exceed ingly l i bera l ,They were in prison , but are
set at l iberty ,
Have you seen h is l ibra7y?
T he d og l ichs water wi th h is
tongue ,
L ift up the l i d of th is box ,
H e th inks noth ing of tel l ing a
l i e,
H e l ies d own und er the shade
O fa banyan- tree ,
L ifie is short , we ought now to
prepare for etern i ty ,
H e fel l to the ground l ifeless ,
C an you l ift th is stone ?
I s th is package l ight or heavyTel l h im to l ight a fi re ,
W e must l ighten the boat ,
otherwise it wi ll s ink ,I t l ightens very much ,
I was out yesterday in a storm’
ofthund er and l ightn ing ,
My house is very much l ibe
yours ,
I should l ibe much to vis i tEurope ,
I am l im i ted not to g i ve more
than one hund red rupees ,
Th is c loth must have a l in ing ,
H ow many l inbs are there in
that chain ?A l ion is stronger than a t iger ,
H er l ips are red ,
I s the med ic ine you Speak of
a l iquid?
“'
ri te a l ist of the th ings sent
to Dacca,
y ih bdm barne se tum par
jurmd na (ld zim ) bogd .
wuh bare (sabhi ) ha in .
wuh baz’
d—Ma’
ne men the, lebin
ab (chhute) hazn .
dp ne us-bd (butuh-bha’
na )debhd hai
buttd zabd n se pd n i (p i td ) ha i .
is sandub-bd (dhabnd ) uthd p .
wah (jhuth ) bolne menbuchhnah in dar i d .
bargad—be darafi t-be sdye men
wuh (sotd ) ha i .(zi ndag i ) bam ha i , ham boabfi br i
'
dh i bat chdh iye.
wub (be-jd n) hobar zami n par
ga r-
pard .
tum i s patthar bo (uthd ) sabteho
y i h bojhd bhd r i ha i yd (halbd )dg (ja ld ne) bo use babo.
hamen bi shti bo (ha lbd barud )chdh iye nah i n to dub-jd eg i .
bijl i bahut (chamabti ) ha i .ma i n ba l tu
’
fd n aur (b7jl i )-bewaht bdhar thd .
merd ghar tumhd re gha r-be
(ham-shahl ) ha i .w i l dyat jd ne-b i mujh bo bar i
(bhwdh ish) ha i .
eh sau rupa i se 27) d d d dene
b i mujh bo (parwd nag i )nahzn .
zs bap7 e bo (astar ) darbd r haz.
i s zanji r men bztn i (bare) d n )hazn
(sher -babar ) ch i te se zi rd da
baw i boi d ha i .
usbe (honth ) (ld l ) hazn .
jis dawd -bd tum gibr barte ho
wuh (pat/i ) ha iyo ch izeh t be ga 777 unbi
(fi hrzst) Izbl w.
146
Th is is a very low wal l ,T he price he asks is very low ,
Lower th is bucket into the wel l ,Thei rs is a l ucrative employment ,
Put th is luggage in the boat ,
H e is now grown very lusty ,
“’
hat is the name Of th ismachi ne
H e was bit by a mad d og ,
H av ing made a pen he began
to wri te ,
H e made me wr i te the letterd irectly ,
These are 777ag‘
n ifi cent bui ldings ,
H e has two ma i dser van ts ,
.l /abe haste and write the letter ,
“’
ho manages h is affa irs ?W e ought to love all 7nanbind ,
H e spoke to us in th is manner ,
need s someTh is garden
manure ,
Show me a map of Bengal ,Th is floor is paved withmarble ,
T he reg iment wi ll march to
m orrow ,
Put a marb on the paper thatis yours ,
I have been to the marbet,
“'
hen w i l l their marr iage takeplace ?
H e is a very kind master
(mean ing teacher or preceptor ),
W ho is the master (mean ingowner ) of that slave
low— master .
us g huldm-bd (md l ib) baun
ha i ?
y i li a'
Zwa’
r balzut (n ic/zi ) ba i“
.
'
zou/z ba/zut (t/zor i ) kz‘
mat
mang td lza i .
i s do! 130 b ize med n ic/ze
azz-be bdm me/i bard (naf ) lza i .
is (asbab) bo bi shti me/i i'ab/zo.
'w l l /Z ba/zut 120 -
gaya Izai .
is (ban-bra”
72am byd Izai
bis i but/e 72e use bti tci .
i ts ue ba lam (baua’
be) l ib/ma"
s/zur z?’
biy d .
i zs ue us i wabl maj/z se b iza tt
(l i b/zwci
y i /z‘ima
’
ra tei i ba/zut
us-b i do (md 7mi ,e7i ) 11am .
ja ld fla t; l ib/20.
m zkd bdm baun (bartti ) lza i11am bo c/za
'
lziye bi sab (ban id dam) bo‘
p iya'
r bareié.us 72e (i s tara lz) se lzamcz
'
l'
e sat/zbat-c/zi t b i}
i s bag izmei i paus)dalmi zar zi rlza i .
Bangale-bci (nabs/2a) Ji b/zap .
y i /z fars/‘z (sa71g - i -marmar )- ,bzi
band lza i .
ba l las/zbar -ba (buck) bogd .
jo bagjag tum/Zara ba i us parbaro.
mam t/za’
.
arm -bi bab bog-i ?
sou/z bard mi/zrba'
n (usta'
d ) lza i .
maste‘
r w m ines .
I s yourmaster (meaninga Euro
pean gentleman ) at home ?
C al l the carpenter and h is
ma te now ,
H ow can they work withoutmater ials
I mean to go to K h idarpurto -morrow,
By what means can you d o- th is .
.Measure th is cloth ,
Th is 15 a kind ofmeasure ,
ll 'l eet me at Maulavi Sa'
id'
s
house to—morrow,
I am read ing a bookofmemoi rs.
Make a memorandum ofth is ,l have a bad memory ,
Tel l the carpenter to mend
th is box ,
Th is is an article ofmerc/zan
H e is now a mere/cant in
C alcutta ,
W e ought ever to be merciful ,
I walked four m i les and met
no one ,
W hat Is the best met/zod (mode)of learn ing a language ?I d id not arrive there t i l l mid
Shal l I put it at the top or in
the mi dd le?
Th is paper is mi dd l ing ,
She is m i ld in temper,
G rind th is wheat in the m i l l ,I have considered th is in myown mind ,
H ad you m inded what he said ,
then it would be well ,L ead and copper are dug out
ofm ines ,
147
tumlzd re (sd lzib) g lzar men
li a i n
bar/zan‘
aur us-be (sd t/i i ) boab/i i d ne-be l iye balz
‘
o.
bzgéa i r (sdma‘
n )—12e wu/i ey zzn.
bar bdm bar sabte li ain
ba l merd (i rd da) K b i g rpur
jd ne—bd ba i .
tum bis (tadbi r ) seyi /i bdm bar
saboge
i s bapre bo (ndpo).y i li eb bisni bd paima
’
na) lia i .ba l /Waulav i S a
'
i d—beg/zar men
muj/i se (m uldbd t)baro;ma in (tagbi re)-b i eb bi tdb
par/zid mm.
i s-b i eb (y d d -d d s/zt) band /o.
merd (li djiza ) ba/zutkhara‘
b bai .
i s sand s -b i (marammat barne
bo).
bar/tan“
se lea/20.
y i li md l (l ijd rat)—,éd li a i .
wu/i ab K a lbatte men saud d
gar i bartd li a i .
li am bo (ra lzm ) barnd lzames/zamanasib ba i .
ma i n do bos c/zala'
aur bisi bo
(na deb/i d ).bis i zabd n be s ibli ne-bd baun -sci
(tar-
ib) bibta r li aima in (do—pali ar ) tab wa/i an
na/z i n fi anunc/i d .
ma in i s bo upar raébzin yd
(bi c/i )men
y ib ba'
gbag mutawassi t) bai .usbe mizdj men (ta/zammul )Iza i .
is geli iZnno (cnabb i )menp i so.
ma i n ne y in apne (d i l ) mentajw i z biyd .
i ts-bi bd t agar tum (ma'
nte) tobnub li otd .
si sd aur tanba (bnd non) seb /zodbar n ibd ld ja
’
td lzai .
I48 m inute— motiz'e.
I shal l return in one m inute,They are ful l ofm i r i li ,
They are always in misch ief,
T he wicked man is alwaysm iserable ,
Ad isers never th ink they haveenough ,
They l ive in great m isery ,
H e has met with a great m is
fortune,I was grievously m i s led byfollowing your ad vice ,
Th is is owing to your m i s
management,I suppose you have m is
reckoned these rupees count
them again ,
H e has much misrepresentedthe matter,
They fired several times at a
leopard , but missed it ,
W e ought not to m isspend our
time ,
Y ou mistake my meaning ,
W e should not m istrust without cause ,
l ll ix these together ,
I t is improper to mock any one ,
H e is ofa modest d isposi tion ,
They molest us ve ry much ,
I shal l rece ive the money afterone mont/z ,
T he moon has not yet risen ,
H e wi ll come in the morn ing ,
T he motion of th is whee l isvery quick ,What is your motive for doingth is
ma i n eb (pa l ) mei ip/zi rtau/z ba/zut (g ums/i i ) se blzarelza in.
zoulz lzameslza (bure bdm ) bartelza in.
bad a'
a'
m i bameslza (dardmand )rabtd lzai .
(bafi z‘
lyb i‘
lzi rs babb i”
nalzin
b/zarti .
w i t/z bare (d ub/z)menrabtel za zn .
us ne bari (a’
fat) ut/za'
j.
tumlzd re”
nasz‘
bat-be muwdjz’
b
clza lne se ma in sabb i d lzob/zemenpar-
gaJa.
tum/2am“
bad - zntzzam i se y i lza isd bu a .
ma in samaj/ztd lzzzn tum rupa ig inne men p/zi rbar
gzno.
us ney ib (bd tgfi a la t) zd lzi r b i .
eb c/zi te par unbait ne ban“
gol iydnclza ldjn lebin (fliauib i ).
ba rn bo mund sib nab i n bi apndwabt (ed i
’
)baren .
tum mere ma tlab bo (g_
lza la t
samajlzte bo).be sabab b is i se bad (guma
’
n )bond/tam bo mund sib nahin .
i n donon bo ba’ liam (m i ld -do).bisi -b i (nabl barnd ) mund sib
na lzzn .
wuli mi zaj-ba
'
(slza rm i ld ) ba i .wu/z liam bo ba/zut (sata
‘
te Ii d in).eb (malzi ne)-be ba
'
d mujlze
abtab nalzin n ibla'
.
wu/z (subb ) bo a,ega.
i s cbarb_
Iz-b i (ba rabat) ba/zuttez ba i .
is bdm be ba rne-bd tum/zen byd
lzufi
I 50 neglect— obey .
Th is is owing to your neg lect,
They are id le and neg l igen t,H e is a nen bour ofm ine ,
H e‘ l i ves in th is neig/zbour/zood ,
H ave you seen my new book
W e wi l l go there nex t month ,
I have broken the n ib of my
pen ,
These are very n ice mangoes ,
I n ipped my fingers wi th the
p incers ,
I cannot hear so much noise,
What they say is al l nonsense ,
T he plaintiff was nonsui ted ,
H e asked, but I gave h im
71ot/zi ng ,
My fingers are numbwith cold ,
What number of persons werepresen t ?There are n umerous
‘
errors in‘
your wri ting ,
They took w ith them theirl ittle ch i ld and i ts nurse.
H ow can the boatmen row
wi thout oarsI n a court it is usual for
witnesses to take an oat/z,
Y ou should pay obed ience to
h is ord er5 ,
G ood ch i ld r en are obed ien t to
their parents and obl ig i ng to
every one ,
I must obey h is ord ers ,
tum/zd r i (be-bhabar i ) se y i li
b rad ba i .wu/z sust aur (gizdji l ) ba zn .
wu/i merd parosi ) ba i .wu/z (fi d s b i ) rabtd lza i .
tum ne mer i (na l i ) bi tdb deb/i iba i ?
li am (dyanda ) malzi ne waban
muj/z se mere ba lam-bi (nob)tut-gaj.
y i li babut dm ba zn .
mer i ung lzj'dn muclzne se (dab)
ma i n i lue (sbor )-b i ba rdd s/zt
na/zz'
n bar sabi d .
] 0 wu/zbalzte bai /i sab (fwd /ziy d t)ba i .
mudda'
i -bd (mubaddama bbd
m’
j Il iad ).us ne to mdngd lebin ma i n ne
(buc/i /z na ) d iyd .
mer i ung l iy dnjd re se (tbi tbar )ga l i li d in .
(g i n ti me72 bi tne) d dm i bd z i rt/ze
tumlzd re l ib/me men (ba/zut si )gfi a l t/j
'dn ba i /2.
s ou/z apne c/z/i ote bac/zclze aur
usbi (d d / i ) bo sd t/z le-
ga le.
O
bigiza i r (d d /2d )-be mal ld lzbyunba r nd l
o bbc-sabte [ la in
gawd /zon bo’
aa’
d lat men
(basam) b/zd nd fa rtd ba i .mund sib ba i bi tum i s -bd
(bub/n ) m dno,
ac/zc/zlze larbe mdnbdp-be (tdbi'
d d r ) lzote aur sab bo (Qui ns/z)rabbte lzazn .
muj/ze us - bd bub /n (md nnd )bogd .
object— open . I5 I
What was the object of your
go ing there ?Y ou should try to obl ige yourmaster
,
These word s are obscure,Th is terni has become obsolete ,Th is is an obstacle to mylearn ing ,
They are obstinate in theiropinions ,There was no occasion for your
com ing ,
H e has occasioned his parentstroub le ,
A fter another month I shal lhave occupied th is house
twenty years ,
I d on’
t remember th is ever to muj/z bo y d d na/ u‘ n bi babb i
have occurred before,
dge a isd (i ttifd b bud lzo).Th is is a very retriarkable y i b bare ta
'
aijub bi (bd i ) bai .
occurrence .
Th is is a very odd kind ofexpression ,
What offence have I comm i tted ?I cannot th ink ofthusmfend ingh im ,
H ad I known th is before ,I
should have ofered you myservices ,I am going to Mr.
'
5 ojice,
H e is a European ofi icer ,
There 15 no oi l 1n the lamp ,O nce upon a time , an old man
and an old woman went to
the forest to gather sticks ,There is some omission incopying ,
I omi tted to mention that, ma i n y i li bat ba/zte ba/zte ra/z
G od is - omn ipoten t and omni bli ud d (bd d i r ) aur (li ar jdpresen t, li d ei r ) lza i .
/Open the d oor
, darwa’
za
tumlzd re wa/zdn jd ue-b i by d
(gfi arae ) t/ziapne d bd bo (rd g i rabbne b i )tumben bos/i i s/i barud
cbd /ziye.
y i li alfd z (mugfi lab) ba iy i li i sti la
'
li fi l lzd l (ma i rab) ba i .
y i li mere s ibli ne- se (md n i'
) ba i .
'wu/i apui rdy par (are b 77,e)
ba in .
tumlzd re d ne bd (maaba‘
) na
tbd .
wu/i apne mdnbdp-be ranj-bd
(bd i s b iz/d ).eb malzi ne be ba
'
d i s gbar men
rab ie muj/i bo bis baras
y i li (’
ajab) tarali -bd baldm
ba i .
ma in ne byd (tabs i r) b i ba ia isd us bo (na-bfi ious/i rab/zn d )muj/ze pasand na/i in.
agar ma i n pali le a i s i bd i jd ntdto dpb i madad barne bo
(lzd ei r ) lzotd .
ma in f uld ne sd /zib-be (daftar )menjd td bun.
wu/z w i ldyati ba i n .
c/zi rdgfi men (tel ) nab in .
bi s i zamd ne meneb (bur/i d ) aureb (bur/ziyd ) janga l men
labriy dn c/zunne ga,e.
nab l barne meu'
i buclz/z (ra/z
I 52 operate—pa inter .
H ow_
d ocs th is med ic i ne y i lz dawd ba isi (td s i r rabb i -i
operate ? lza i )What op in ion d o you form on i s men dp by d (biy d s) barteth is subject ? [ min1?
H is house 13 opposi te to m ine , un -bd g/za r mere g/zar-be
(sdmne) ba i .H e has met wi th much opposi ba/zut logod ne i sbi (mubbd lation , fat) bi ba i .
I have brough t some oranges , mai n buc/zlz (baule) [ dyd bun.
H e is celebrated as an orator , wu/z (fasi lz)maslzbur ba i .Th is is an order for a hundred y i li eb sau rupai -bi (bund i )
rupees , lzai .
Th is school is without order , y ih mabtab be (tartib) lzai .I have ordered the good s to be sab clzizon-be taiy d r barne-bo
got ready , main ne (bubm biy d lia i ).H e was well versed in O r ienta l (mas/zr ib i )
'
i lm se wulz bitd bl i terature ,
wdbif t/ze.
Do you know the or ig in of tum i s babdwat—bi (as! ) jd nteth is saying ? lzo .
f’
Th is is not the or ig i na l writing , y i/z (asl i ) talzr i r nab in ba i .They wear d ifferent kind s of wulz taralz tara/z-be _ (zewar)
ornaments , palzi n ti ba zn .
These ch i ld ren are orp/zans , y i li larbe yatim) li d in .
VVe cannotovercome the enemy , d uslzman par 12am (glgd l ib)ualzin lzo sabte.
/T he river has over/towed its da ijyd
-bd pd n i bind ron se
banks , (bd /zar n iba l -gayd ).I t is better that you over loob y i/i bib ior bai bi a
'
p usbe busur
his offence , se (dar gugar baren ).A sud d en gust of wind overset J
'ab-d -
yab bawd-be eb jlzobe ne
the boat, nd,o bo (d ubd -d iyd ).
W ho is the o wner of th is house ? i s g izar-bd baun (md l ib) ba iWhose oxen are these P y i li bisbe (bai l ) Iza in
P .
I have rece ived a pacbet from main ne mad rds bi d db se eb
Mad ras ,
In what page of the book d oes bi tdb-be bis (sas e) men wu/z
the word occur ? lafg d td lzaiI have apa in in my head ,
mere si r men (dard ) ba i .Where d id you get th is pain t ? tum ney ib (rang )babdupdy dIn former times , there l ived in ag le zamd ne menGb i n -be mulb
C h ina a celebrated pa inter ,menAl d u i ndm eb baro
“
(mubv name Mani , saww i r ) t/zd .
154
In read ing you ought to pausewhere there is a stop ,
I have had a mon th’
s paybeforehand ,
H e is a very just man , he paysall h is d eb ts ,
H ewi ll have onlypecun iari'loss ,
T he w ind ows are so smal l , onecan but just peep through
them ,
These ch i ldren are peevi s/i andperverse ,
For d o ing th is you must payapena l ty ,
Lend me your penbn ife to cut
mypen ,
H is turn ofm ind ispens ive,I percei ve no error in your
com posi tion ,
Th is b lem i sh is notperceptible,Your work is nowperfect,
W e ough t to aim at perfection ,
though we cannot attain it ,
H e generally prom ises , but hedoes notperform ,
T he whole apartmentwas fi lledw ith perf ume
,
T he house is perfumed by the
fragrance of these flowers ,
P er/zaps th is news may be true ,
I s th is regulation to be permanen t ?
I have perm ission to go for
three months .
Bring aperm i t for these good s ,
Will you permi t me to walk al i ttle in your gard en
pause peip ler ed
par/m e men tum bo wabf-b
jaga li garnr bai .
ma i n ne eb ma lzi ne-bi (.ta lab)peslzg i pa
'
,i lza i .
‘
ZUIt/l bard t/zib d dm i li a i , apudsab bar; (ad d ) bar i d ba i .
un -bofaba t md l i (nubsd n)bogd .
b/zi g’bzydn a is i tang li d in ,bi
d dm i us se faba i j/zdnb)sabtd ba i .
y i /i larbe aur (d/z i t)
(s/zdyad )y i li bbabar sac/z lzo.
by d y i li d , i n pa'
li d d r ) bogd
ma in ne t in malzi ne-be l iye
jd ne-b i zjd zatpd li .
i s asbd b-be lejd ne-bd (_rawanna)
[ cf/0.
apne ba’
gfi mengara sai r barne
bi (ijd zat) d zzizyegdThere is a perpetual flux and jawa
‘
r bba'
t/zd (lzames/ia ) lzotdreflux ,
I am much perplexed in th isbus iness ,
lia i .
bdm men
(li ai rd n ) Inn}.i s ma in. ba/zut
y i/i bdm barne se tum/zen(jurmd na ) d en d bogd .
(balam ) ban d ne bo muj/i e apud(clid bz?) do.
is-bd d i l (mutafabbi r) ba i .tum/zd r i tali r i r men gl ia la ti
na/z i n (pd td ).y i li d dgjg (d ib/zdj nab i n) detd .
’
ab tum/zd rd bdm (tamdm) lio
bani bo c/zd /ziye b i (bamd l )- bdbasd baren agarc/i i lzd si l ) nalzo.
wu/i absar u 'a'
da bartd lza i ,lebin purd na/z in bartd ).
sd rd bamrd (Mi nus/b bd ) se
basa bu,d tbd .
i n p/zulon-b i b/zzousli -bzi se sd rd
person— plan .
i
Who is thatperson?I have d one th is deed through
hispersuasion ,
H isa nswers are pertinen t,Y ou must make a peti tion to
the merchants ,Have you a p/zia l for the
med ic ine ?Th isp/zrase is very common .
I am not fond of takingp/zysic,
Do you know what pbysicianattend s him
I will show you a beauti fulpi cture,
G ive me a smal l piece ofpaper,
H e is a person ofgreatp iety ,
T he pi lgr im is gone on pi l
gr image,H is house is ornamented wi th
I want a pair ofp incers fromthem ,
Whose is that pinnace nowpassing?
I was near fall ing into ap i t,
T he afflicted should exc ite ourpi ty ,
What a pi ty you d id not tellm e th isWhat is the place called wherehe l ives
T he plague of th is business isend less ,
T he plague has done much
harm to Ind ia,
Th is writing is pla in and easyto be read ,
W ho is the plaintijr in th is
affair ?Have you seen the plan of the
bui ld ing ?
155
wub (snag s) baunbaiun -be (babne) se main ne y i/i
bdm biy d .
i s-bajawdb (sli d / i sta) ba i .
tum bo c/i d lziy e bi sauddgar
sd lzibonbe ndm ('
arg i ) l ib/to.
tumlzd re pd s dawd rab/zne bo
ba i
y in (bd t) to'
dm bai .
mai n (dawd ) bbd ne-bd slzd,ib
nab i'n .
tum jd nte lzo baun (li abim) un'
b i da ze/d bari d bai .5’
mai n tum bo eb babut ac/i cbb i
(tasw i r ) d ib/zdni rigd .
muj/z bo eb c/z/zotd (tubrd )bdg iiag bd do.
wu/i bard (d i ndd r) bai .wub (li dji ) (bajjbo)gayd ba i .
us-bd g/zar (satunou) se d rd staba i .
main eb (sandd si ) un se cbdbtd
bun.
y i li (bajrd ) 7'
o jatd bai bisbd
ba i ?
ma i n us (garli c) men g i rte
g irte bac/zd .
li am bo c/zd /ziy e bi musibat
zadon par (ralzm)baren .
bya b i (afi os) bai bi tum ne
muj/z se na babd
usjagab-bd ndm byd lza i jabanwuli rab id bai
i s bdm men (d ibbat) be- inti /zdlzai .
td‘un se H industd n bo ba/zutnubsd n pa/zuncli d .
yi li'
fi at (sdf ) bai , aur ba
d sd n i par/zd jd td ba i .i s mubaddame men baun
is gba r-bd (nabs/2a ) tum ne
d eb/i d ba i
I56 plane— postmaster
Smooth th is board wi th aplane,
A re these planbs for saleT he ins id e wal ls are plasteredwi th l ime ,
W e have now no time toplay ,
I f he had informed me of th isbe fore , I should have beenbetterp leased ,
I pledge my word to act in th ismanner ,
Th is kind of frui t isplentiful ,I have an excel lent p louglz andone pair ofoxen ,
When the rains arrive I shal lp lougb th is field ,
H e is a poet ; have you seen
h is las tpoemTh is need le has no point ,She has been at the point of
d eath ,
H ad you asked , I could havepoin ted out to you in whatmanner to act,
H e received us w ith great
pol i teness ,H e rid es out every morn ing on
h ispony ,
H e is nowbecome poor ,
C alcutta is a very populous c ity.
I have h is portra i t in mypossession
H ad I stud ied earl ier, by th istime I m ight have possessedmuch learn ing ,
There is no possibi l i ty of your
getting there tod ay ,
I f the letter goes by to- d ay'
s
post, you must send it to the
post-ofi ce now,
What wi ll be the postage ?I have sent word to the postmaster
,
(rande) se is ta_
b_
bte bo c/zibnd
baro.
by d y i/z biba [ la i n
andar-b i d iwd ron men (g ac/zlzbd r i ) lzzZ, i lza i .
12am bo ab (bbelne)-bi fursatnab in.
agar wulz pesli tar muj/z se
bab i d , to main zzyd da
(fibrous/z) lzotd .
ma in baul (d etd bun) bi mazn
y un barungd .
i s bi sm -bd plia l (babut) ba i .mere pds eb acbc/zlzd (lza l ) aurba i lon -b i ebjor i ba i .
jab barsd t d,eg i , to ma i n is
blzet bo (jotungd ).wulz(slzd
'
i r ) lza i , us-bi
(nagm ) tum ne deb/i i ba i
i s s22,i -bi (nob) naiz i n .
wu/z marne-be (bar ib)palzuncli it/i zn .
agar tum puclz/zte, to ma i n
bdm barne-bd taur (batd
wulz bare afi ldb se bamd re.
sd tlzpes/z-dy d .
wu/i (tatta) par liar sub/z bo
sawd r lzote ba in .
'wub ab (gi zar ib) lie-gay d .
K a lbatta bard (dbd d )slza/zr ba i .
(mere pd s) is-be (c/zi lzre-biw i r) liaz.
lzo-
gayd lzotd ).mumbin nab i n bi tum a]wa/za' n pa/zuncbo.
agar tum dj-b i (d db)par bba jtbbejte lzo , to abb i (d db-
g izar )menb/zejnd c/zd /ziy e.
(a'
db-bd mabsul ) by d bogd .9
main ne (dab munsbz‘
) bo ba/zldb/zejd bai .
158
W ho is the presi dent of that
soc iety ?I presume , sir , you have latelyarrived in th is country ,
Th i s is mere]y apretence,These are verypretty flowers ,I could not preva i l upon h im
to remain here longer,Th is d isord er is at present verypreva lent,I thought you m igh t have pre
ven ted the ir going away ,
Y ou went previous to myarri val ,
/What is the pr i ce of th is ? Is
that really the marbet pr i cev
(orpr ice curren t)W e ought to shunpr ide,
VVho is the pr i ncipal in the
bus iness ?T he book wi ll shortly be
pr i n ted ,
H ow many pr i soners are in
jai l ?They held a pr ivate conversa
t ion ,
I s there a probabi l i ty of myseeing himThat is not at all probable ,
Where can I procure a budgerow ?
Those articles are the produceof th is country,
Th is piece of land producesnoth ing but weed s ,
They use only profane lan
guage ,
I promised to cal l upon h im
to -d ay,
By th is our happiness wil l bepromoted ,
president— promoted .
us jamd'
a t-bd (m i r - i majl is)baun lza i .
5’
sd lzib, mai n (samaj/ztd ) bunbi
_
dp ya/zdn t/zore'
arse se
d,e Izain.
y i /zjaba t (babd na ) lza i .y i li
ma in nu bo yalzdn z iydda'
arse
tab tba/zrd na sabd .
y z'
l
/iZ
bimd r i bi lji'
l
a i .
muj/ze bizayd l t/zd , bi tumun/zenjd ne se (rob sabte Ito).
mere d ne se peslztar ) dp c/za le
ga ,e.
i s-b i (b imat) by d ba i t/zibtlzib wu/z i (bd zd r -bd n i rb
_
lg)lza i
lzam bo clzd /ziye gizarur ) se
parbez baren .
i s bdm -bd (as! md l ib) baunba i ?
y i li bi tdbja ld jd ,eg i .
jel -b_ lzd ne men bi tne (ba id i )Iza in f?
.un/zon ne buc/z/i (pos/zid a)bd t—c/zi t bi .
byd is bd t bd (bar i na lzai ) bima in use deb/z sabungd
us bd buclz/zbb i (bar i na)na/z i n .
muj/ze eb bajrd babdn(mi legd )“5
wub sab c/zizen i si mulb-bi
pa idawd r ) lia in.
is bat‘
a - i zam i ng/zd s
-be siwd; aur bucblz
nab i n (ugtd ).wu/zfaba t (bur i ) bd ten balzteli d i n .
ma i n ne un se (wa'
da biy d ) bidjtumlzd repd s d , 22ngd .
is se barnd r i (ziyd da )
prone— provided .
Man is prone to err,
L et me hear you pronounceth is word ,
I s my pronunc iation correct ?
What proof can you g ive of
th is ?I f you take away th is propthe roof may fall ,Th is d octrine is propagatedeverywhere ,
Do you conce ive th is to be
proper ?H e is a person ofproperty ,
Y ou w i ll have your proportionof profi ts ,I propose that we share the lossbetween us ,
A re you the propr ietor of th ish ouse
Will you prosecute h im for h is
oflence ?
H e is now ln greatprosper i ty ,
H is affairs are now very prosperous ,
In whatever he und ertakes heprospers ,
I t is a prince ’
s glory to protecthis people ,
They fled to the king for protection ,
They who are proud have l i ttlesense ,
I can prove th is to be true ,
Th is is a common proverb,Be ing in service all the time ,
have you not prov i ded for
your fam i ly
I S9
d dm i gundb—bz taraf
lza i .
is lafg -bd (ta laf uz ) muj/zesund
,o.
merd (ta laf ug ) d urust ba itum is-bd by d (sus t) d e- sab
te 120 t’
agar tum y ib (tbun i )n ibd l - logeto c/z/zatg i r
-pareg i .
is mas,a lepar /zarjagab (
‘ama l )
biy d jd td ba i .tum samaj/zte bo bi y i/i t/zib
ba i ?
wu/i bard (daulatmand ) d dm iba i .
nafa'
men tum apud para(um )Mega
mer i (tajw i zy ib ba i )bi jo buclzbnubsd n lzzi
,d bai , 12am donon
us men s/zar ib lion .
tum is g/zar-be (md l ib) lzo
is-bi tabs i r -be sabab byd tum
uspa r (nd l i sb ba roge)i n d inon us-bd (nas ib) c/zambdbu
,d Iza i .
is wabi us-be bdm men b/zs
(tarabb i ) lzo-ra/i i bai .
ji s bdm menwu/i bd t/i dd ltd ba i ,us men (bdmy db botd ba i ).
bd ds/zd /z-b i buzurg i is men ba i
bi wu/i apu i ra'
iyat-b i{zifd gat bare.
wu/z pand /z)-be l iye bd ds/zd /z-bepd s b/zdg—ba rga,
e.
(mugjrur ) lzote ba zn bam'
abl rabb ie li a in.
ma i n (sdbi t) bar sabtd b dn, bi
y ib sacb [m i .
y i li mas/z/zur (masa l ) li ai .i tne d inon tab bardbar naubar
ra/ze aur p/zi r b/zi bd l
bacbc/zon-be l iyebuc/z/z (jam'
)na biyd
160 P rovidence put.
P rovi dence d irects all th ings ,
Th is d isease affects the wholeprov i nce,
Make provision for your
journey ,
H e does everyth ing he can to
provobe me ,
She is a w ise and pr udentwoman ,
A pujr
of wind wi l l upset th isboamW e must pul l the boat alongw ith a rope ,
Let me fee l your pulse,Y ou may expect to bepunts/zedfor th is ,
I am read ing a d ialogue be
tween a pupi l and h is pre
I f I had had sufli cient moneyI should have purclzased the
house ,
There were fewpurcbasers ,
G od only is pure, that is , freefrom sin ,
C an you inform me how the
heart may be purifi ed ?
I purpose to consid er th issubject ,
For whatpurpose do you maketh is
H e found a purse with fi ve
ashrafis in it ,
O ur sold ierspursued the enemys ixty m i les ,
Your pursui t of pleasure is
frui tless ,
H eput al l his savings into thebank ,
(P amvard zgd r)-be bd t/z med
d uny d bd bd rb/id na ba i .
y i /z bimd r i tamdm (sube men )p/za i l i li n, i ba i .
(tos/za)safa r -bd taiy d r baro.
usse jabdn tab lw-sabtd lia i
(gfi ussa b/ia rbd td )rabi dba i .
wulz ba r i'
ablmand aur
(busbyd r )'
aurat ba i .
bawd -be eb (tamdnclze) se y i /z
bas/zti ulat-jd ,eg i .
lzamen nd,o gun se (blzi nc/znd )
md zn tumlzd ri (nab? ) deb/21272.tum samaj/z rabbo bi tam/zen
is-be l iye (sazd m i leg i ).ma i n (ustd d ) aur (s/zdgi rd )-besawd l o jawdb par/z-ra/zdlai n.
agar merepds bdfi r i iy d lzotdto wub g/za r (Mar id td ).
(bizar id d r ) ba/zut tbore tlze.
faba t b/zud d (pdb) ba i , ya'
ne
be-'
a ib.
tum mujlze baid -sabte lio bi d i l
byunbar (sdf lzo—sabid ba i )ma i n (i rd da rabbtd bun) bi ismubaddame-bi tajw i z bar dn.
bis (gbarag) sey i li band le lio .9
us ne paneli asbrafiyon bi
(tba i l i )pa‘
,i .
bamd re s ipd /ziyon ne d uslzman
bd tis bos tab (pick/id biy d ).tum/zd r i (
'
d isli -jzij) be-fi i , idaba i .
unlzonne apn i sd r i baclzat baabmen (jam
'
b i ).
16 2 rasca l recover ing .
H e is a great rasca l ,
H e is very rasb in h is conduct ,
A t what rate do you buy th isc loth ?
I t is not good to eat rice raw ,
I cannot reacb so h igh ,
H e reads e igh t or ten hours
every d ay ,
S ir , the carriage is ready ,
Th is is al l rea l , not show
merely ,
Man has reason , the beasts
have it not ,
W hat is the reason you cannot
be s i lent ?What you say is reasonable,
That house has been rebui lt,
I received your letter datedI st March ,
G ive m e a receipt for the
money ,
I s th is intel l igence recen t ?
Tel l me the recipe for th ismed ic ine ,
H ave you recboned what these
th ings w i ll come to
I now recol lect what you toldme ,
I have no recol lection of his
tel l ing me it,
S ir, be pleased to give m e a
letter of recommendation to
that gentleman ,
I d esire no recompense for
serving you ,
They two are now reconci led ,
Have you any expectation of apud (md l ) pd ne-b i tum bucbb
recovering your property ? ummed fab/fi e bo
wub bard (bardm-zd da) ba i .wub bard (jald -ba
’
z) ba i .i s bapre bo bis (bbd /o) parbbarz
’
d te bo .4’
bacbcba‘
cbd wal (bbd nd ) b/zubnab in .
ma in i tnd zinc/2d nab i n (pabuncb ) sab i d .
wub bar roz d tb das gbante
parbtd ) ba i .sd b ib, gd r i (ta iyd r ) ba i .
y ib sab (bab ib i ) ba i , na
tamd sbd .
d dm i ('
abl ) rabbtd ba i ,jd nwarnab i n.
by d (sabab) ba i bi tum cbupnab in. rab -sabte
jo tum babte bo wub (m'
abnl )ba i .
wubgba r (pb i rbar ta iya‘
r biy d
gayd ba i .
tumbd rd bba tt mu'
a rrafla
yabum l i l d rcb -bd (mujbe
pabuncbd ).un rupapn bi (rasid ) mujdedo.
y i b bbabar (td za) ba iis dawd -bd (nusfi a ) mujbebatd
,o.
tum ne (b isa'
b-biy d )bi in cb izon
b i b imat by d bog i ?
ab mujbe (yd d - dyd ) bi tum ne
mujb se by d babd tbd .
mujbe (yd d ) nab i n bi is ne
mujb sey ib babd tbd .
gba r ib-parwar , eb (szfd rz
'
sb
n d ma )ful d ne sab ib-be ndm
mujbe’
i ndyat b ijiye.
ma i n dp b i bb idmat—gugd r i bdbucbb (ajar ) nab i n cbd btd .
un donon be dpas men ab (mel
rectify repentance.
I f there be any m istakes , rectifythem ,
I have very much red uced myexpenses ,
T o what d o these word s refer ?C an you give me a reference toany one
T he more I reflect upon th isc ircumstance , the more Iregret it ,
I feel much refresbed by the
ai r,
H e w i l l be ob l iged to refundth is sum ,
H e has ref used what ad vice Ioffered ,
I hear him very great regard ,
Y ou ought to have regarded
my ad vice ,
H is reg iment is gone to
C awnpore ,
I regret I d id not fol low yourad vice ,
T he business proceed s wi thregular i ty ,
163
These matters need to be regu in mu'
dma lon-be l iye (i nti zdm)
I shal l rejoice to see him ,
There is no ready money re bucbb nabd (bab i ) nab in .
ma i n ing ,
I wish to renew the lease of
th is house ,
T he month ly rent of th is houseis fi fty rupees ,
Your house need s repai rs ,
C an you lend me two hund red
rupees I will repay you inten days ,I now repeat what I told youbefore ,
Hereafter our repentance willbe useless ,
darbd r bai .
us-be d ebbne se main (bbwusb
menbucbb gfi a l tiyan ,
bon to (d urust) bar -d ijiye.
ma i n ne apna bbarcb babut
bucbb (gbatd -d iy d ba i ).y ib bd tenbis
-be (babbmenba i n
a isd d dm i bata sabte bo jo tumse (wdb if ) bo ft
”
i s md dde men jztnd gfiaur
bartd bun) utud b i mujberanjboi d bai .
mujb bo i s bawd se bari (td zag ibasi l ba i ).
i tne rupa i us bo pber—dene
fo nas-iba t ma i n ne bi , wub us
ne (na mdn i ). [ b ii i imain usb i ba r i (t
'
az im) bartatum/zen mer i nasibat (md nnd )
zarur ib i .
usbi (pa l tan ) k’
d npd r ,b0a i ba i .
ma i n pacbbtd td bun) bi ma i nne dp-bi nasibat na md n i .
y ib bam bar i (durusti )se cba lta‘
ma i n is gbar-bd bi rdya nama
pbi r l ib/zd nd cbdbta’
bun.
is gbar—bd mdbwd r i (bi rayn)
pacbd s rupiya ba i .tumbd rd gbar (marammat)talab ba i .
tum do sau rupai mujbe barede sabte bo .
? ma i n das roz
ba'
d (ad d bardungd ).j0 ma i n ne tum se pab le babdtbd , wub i (pbi r babtd bun).
p icbbe bamd re (tauba) barnese bucbbfd l ida na bogd .
164 re'pented rest.
H ad I acted as they ad visedm e , I should have repentedof it very much .
Th is is a repeti tion of what
was said before ,
“'
hat reply d o you make to
my questionI have made a report to
Mr.
I t is so reported ,
I w i ll represent the subject toh im ,
H is conduct was reproacbedby many ,
The ir cond uct d eserves reproof,
H e reproved them very sharply ,
‘What request d id they make ?I request of you only th is one
favour,These two very much resemble
each other ,
Y ou wi l l reserve for me three
cop ies ofyour book ,
VVhere d o you resi de
Is that the place of your resi
dence ?
H e has resigned h is former
otfi ce ,
Y ou cannot res i st h i s c laim ,
The enemy fled w i thout re
s istance.They are resolute in the ir wub apne i rd de parpurpose ,
ba in .
T o d o th is requires resolution ,is-be barne bo pabbd i rdda )da rbd r ba i .
I am resolved to d o so no more , ma in ne (basd biy d b ai ) b ip/zi r a i sd na bar dngd .
I pay great respect to what be ma in usb i bd t-bd ba rd (adab)says ,
bartd bun.
H e is everywhere respected ,us-bi barjagab (ta
‘g im)boti ba i .
I had no rest last night , ba l -b i rd t ma in ne bucbb
agar ma i n un -b i sa ldb parc/za l ta to main babut (pacbb
jo pob le babd gayd tbd usi—bd
(d ubrd nd ) ba i .mere sawd l -bd by d (jawdb)dete bo
fuld ne sd b ib bo ma i n ne
(b_ babar ) d i ba i .a/wd b toy enba i .ma in y ib mu
'
a‘
ma la nu se
('
arg ) barungd .
usb i cbd l par babuton ne
(maldmat b i ).un -be af
'
d l (sarzan isb)-be ld i bba in .
us ne un bo bum}(dbambdyd ).unbon ne by d (darfi wd st) b ima in tum se faba l y ib
'
inayat
(cbdbtd bun).y ib donon dpas men babut
(m i ltejulte) ba in .
tum ti n ji lden apu i bi tdb-bi,
tum babdn (rab i e bo)“by d y ib tumlzd re (rabue)-bijaga/z ba i
wub apne pab le’
ubd e se
(musta‘
fi ) bd d .
tum us-bd da'
wd (daf'
nab i n
bar -sabte).d usbman bn a i r (mubd ba le)
166 rocb— same.
T he sh i p ran upon a rocb , and wub jabd z bis i (cba td n) parwas lost , cba rbbar tabdb bd d .
T he roof of the house fel l in, gbar
-bi (cbbat)g i r -par i .H ow many rooms are there in us gbar men bi tne (bamre)the house ? ba i nThose trees were dug up by wub darab/zt (jar) se bbod -d d le
the roots, ga ,
e tbc.
Make the boat fast wi th a rope, b i sbti bo (rass i ) se bdndb -do.
R ub your hand s with th is leaf, i s patte bo apne bd tbon men
T he vessel ran upon a sand
bank and lost her r udder ,
By these d eed s he W i l l in the
end be ruined ,
W hat rule d o you observe in
stud y?
G od is the ruler ofthe un i verse ,
R un after h im and cal l himback ,
Th is kn i fe is covered with rust,
Th is is ind eed a sad m isfortune ,
‘
y ib babibat men eb (ba r i )muribat ba i .
H e is'
used to rid e wi thout a us bo bigba i r (zi n ) sawd r boneb i
'
da’at ba i .
I heard of h is safe arrival in ma in. ne sun d bi wub (sab ibL ond on , saldmat) l a ndan pabuncbd .
W e may l ive here in safety ,bam ya/zdn(sa ldmati )se raben .
Th is boat has ne i ther mast nor is bisbti men (pd l ) aur mastulsa i l , nab in .
S a i lors vis it d i fferent parts of (ma l la'
b ) d unyd -be mubbta l ifthe globe ,
mulbon-b i sa ir barte ba in .
H is sa la zy is 500 rupees a us—b i pd n sau
month ,r zipiya md /zana ba i .
There w i l l be a sa le of sa lt to ba l (namab) (n i ld m) bogd .
morrow ,
These articles are not sa leable, yi b asbd b bd bi l (farob_ bt)-be
nab i n .
you go there or not it tumbd rd wabdnjd nd na jd ndis al l the same
,donon (yabsd b ) ba i .
jabd z reti -be ti le par cba rb
gayd aur us-b i patwd r ){zi t—gaj.
in bdmon se d bb i r bo wub
(fi ardb bogd ).mutd la
'
e men tum byd (dastur )rabbte bo
Mud d jabd n -bd (bd bim) ba i . v
us-be p ic/zbe (dauro) aur use
pbi r buld - lo.
y ib cbbur i (zang)- blzurda bo
ga l i ba i .
samp le secret. I 67
Show me a sample of the rice , cbdwa l—b i (ba‘
ng i )
Th is rice is ful l ofsand ,
Your book has afford ed me
much sati sfaction ,
They are never satisfied ,
S ave th is for to-morrow,
I have saved my fr iend from a
very great d anger ,Tel l the carpenter to saw th isboard in two ,
Th is is an old say ing ,
These artic les are now scarce,
S catter th is seed on the ground ,
I have bough t a score ofsheep ,
H e treated my ad vice wi thscorn ,
S crape the ink offyour pen ,
I have scratcbed my finger wi tha nai l ,
W hy d o you scraw l on my mere bdgfi agpar byun (labi ren)paper bb incbte bo
These ch i ld ren scream all d ay , y ib larbe tamdm d i n (cb i l ldyd )barte ba i /i .
Th is lock is fastened on with y ib bujl (pecb) se lagdy d gaydscrews , ba i .
Th is is the vi llage scr ibe, y ibn on—bd (munsb i ) ba i .T he sh i p wi l l go to sea to bat jabd z (samundar ) men
m orrow ,
What d id you g ive for that tum ne us (mubr)-ba‘
by d d iyd
sea l ?
H ave you sea led your letter?
There are no seams in th is cloth ,
I had a long searcb to no
purpose ,
I have been searcbi ng for th isal l day ,
W e walked by the sea - sbore,Th is is a pleasant season of the
year ,
They keep all th ings secret,
muj/i ed ibbd
,o.
i s cbdwa l men(bd lu)bbard ba i .tumbd r i bi tdb parbne se mujbbo babut [ ZZZ
/i .
wub babb i (ser ) nab i n boie.
is boba l -be waste (bacbd - rabbo).ma in ne apne dost bo babut
bare bbd tre se (bacbdy d ) ba i .barba ,
i se babo,bi (d re) se is
tabb ie bo do bar -d d le.
y i b puran i (babdwa t) ba i .
y ib cb i zenbi lfi’
l (bamyd b)ba zn .
yib tubbm zam i n men'
(bo-do).ma in ne eb (bor i ) bberenmol
us ne mer i nas ibat bo (ba lba)jd nd .
ba lam se siyd /zi poncbbo).mer i ung l i eb bi l se (cbb i l -ga l
i ).
tum ne apne bba tt par (m ubr
bi bai )i s bapremen(s iwan)nab i n bai .
ma in ne der tab be-fdn'
da
(ta ld sb) b i .mai n d in bbar usb i ta ld sb men
rabd .
bam ne (darya bi nd re) sa i r b i .baras bbar men y ib (mausim )babut acbcbbd ba i .
wub sab bd ten posb ida) rabbteba in .
168 section— set.
Y ou wi ll fi nd th is in the fourthchapter , fi fth secti on ,
Y ou may remain here secure ,
I see,the troub le I take to
teach you is useless ,
Sow th is seed in the gard en ,
I f we seeb for knowledge , we
shal l fi nd it ,T he pol ice-offi cer sei zed him ,
S elect what th ings you choose,
I intend to sel l my old booksand buy new ones ,
I send m y servant to C alcuttaonce a week ,
T he king said , S end for the
executioner ,
She possesses much sense and
judgment ,
I t b ehoves us to keep our
senses und er control,
H e is a sensible man ,
I have sen t for a car riage foryou ,
Th is sentence h as no beg inn ingor end
,
My sen timents agree wi thyours ,
They l i ve in separate houses ,
H ow long is it s ince th e irseparation
T he sky is serene and c lear ,
A re you ser ious in what you
say?
Send a servan t ,
Ivory serves for various purposes ,
I have been in h is ser vi ce ten
y ears ,
I set off to- dav for Mursh idabad ,
us bo cbautbe bd b-bi pdncbwm
(farl )menpd loge.
tum yabdn (bba i r se) rabo.
ma in (debbtd ) bun,bi mer i
m ibna t tumbd r i ta’
l im men
be- szid ba i .
i s (bij bo bdg izmenbo.
agar bam'
i lm (dbd ndben), toa lbatta pa
'
,enge.
botwd l ne use pabar - l iy d ).tumjojo cb iacbd btebo(cbun - lo).merd mans/ta
“
ba i bi apuipurd n i bi td ben (beeb)-dalunaur na
,i bba r
-
12171272.
ma i n apne naubur bo
men eb bar K a lbatte
bun.
bd d sba'
b ne babd bi (ja l ld d bo)(buld p ).
wub bar i (’
abl ) aur rd'
e rabbti
ba i .
bani bo cbdbiyebi apue (bawd ss)babd men rabben .
wub ('
ablmand ) d dm i ba i .ma in ue ap
-be waste eb gd r i
i s (jum le)-bd na awwa l ba i
na d fi i i ’.
i s menmer i (rd'
e)dp semuwdjibba i .
wub (jude jude) gbaron men
rabte ba in .
bi tne roz se nu men (jud dj)ba i [ ba i
d smd n_
bjzfi b (sdf ) aur nurd n i
jo tum babte lzo (sac/z) ba i
eb (naubar ) bo bbejo.
bd tb i—d d nt.
tarab (drab-be bd
mon men (d td bai ).ma i n un -b i (Qidmat) men
das baras se bun.
ma i n dj (jd td
170 sigb— smootb .
W hy d o you sn
Th is is a s ign ofrainy weather,P lease to s ign th is paper,
I t s ign ifies l i ttle what they say ,
For the fool ish si lence is best ,
They all remained si lent,Th is is a s i lb manufactory ,
What can be greater si l l i ness
than to th ink thus ?
My case is simi lar to y ours ,
H is love toward s us is si ncere ,
H e is a man ofsi ncer i ty ,She sings very sweetly ,
The ir religi ous opin ions are
si ngular ,
T he boat is si nbing ,
N o man is so just that he sins
not ,
S i t d own , and see i f you can
und erstand th is or not ,
Wh at si ze is the book you
speak ofHere is a sbetcb of the vi llage ,
H e is a sbi lful phys ic ian ,
H e has much sbi l l,
T he sby is overcast ,
I had no sleep al l last n ight ,
H e sleeps every morn ing ti l leight o
'
clock ,T he cut in my hand smar ts
very much ,
L et me smel l that flower ,
These flowers are w i thout
Wh y d o you sm i le
T he house is ful l ofsmobe ,
Th is is smootb paper ,
tum b il /i n (tband i sd ns) bbartebo
y ib bd r isb-b i (n isbd n i ) ba i .
m ibrbd n i se is bdgizag pa r
(dast-Ma t) b ijiye.
jo wub babte ba in usmenbucbb(mugdyaba) nab i n .
be-wubufon bo (fi d mosb i ) bibtar ba i .
wub sab (cbup) rabe.
y ib (resbam )-bd bd r -bbd na ba i .
a isd bba vd l barne se ba rb -bar
aur baun s i (b imdba t) bosabti ba i
merd bd l tum/zd rd (sd ) ba i .us-b i mababbat bamd re sd tlz
(d i l i ) ba i .wub bard (rd stkbd z) ba i .
wub acbcbbd (gd ti ba i ).unbe magbabi fi ay d la
’
t (anobbe) ba in .
ndlo (d ubi—jd ti ) ba i .
bo,i d dm i a isd pb ib nab i n bigund /z na bare).
(ba i tb -jd p ) aur deb/to bi tum
ise samajb sabte boy d nab i
7i s b i td b-bd tum gibr barte bo
wub bitn i (ba r i ) ba i .5’
y ib us gd ,on-bd (nabs/2a ) ba i .
wub bard (bd bi l ) bab im ba i .
w ub bard (buna r ) rabbtd ba i .’
(d smd n)par bad l i cbbdj ba i .ba l ma in tamd m rd t nab in
wub bar sub/z d tb baje tab
(sotd ) ba i .mere bd tb -bd zabbm babut
(dard bartd ba i ).wub pb d l mujbe (sungbne-do).in p/zzi lon men (bbwus/z-bz?)
nab in .
tum by dn (musburd te) bo
gbar (dbd len) se bbard ba i .
yib (cb ibnd ) bdg_
bag ba i .
snark—spectacles .
These d ogs snarl at
another ,H e snatcbed it out ofmy hand ,
Y ou sneeze, because you have
got a cold ,
S now is wh ite ,
H ave you bought any soap ?
Th is pen is very soft,Th is soi l is ferti le ,
May I sol ici t, sir , th is one
favour,I wished to tell you sometbing ,
but have forgotten what ,Th is occasions me much
sorrow ,
H e appears very sorrowful ,
I am sorry for my offence ,
S ort these papers ,
Is th is the sort you wanted ?
T he soul must be happy or
m iserab le ,
I hear the sound ofmus ic ,
That fruit is sour , d on'
t eat it ,
S ow these flower- seed s in the
gard en ,
L eave more space between the
l ines ,In the space of three months ,
H e besought them to spare hisl ife ,
A sparb of fi re may set in
flames a whole vi llage ,
H e speabs the Bengal i languagewell ,
Show me a specimen of your
wr1t1ng ,
They wear spectacles ,
171
one y ib butte eb dusrepar gburrd te)ba in .
us ne ise mere bd t/i se (cbb i n
tum bo zubdm baa ba i , is l iye
(ebb inbte) bo.
(barf) sufa id boti ba i .tum ne bucbb (rd bzi n )mol—l iy d
ba i
y ib balam babut (narm) ba i .y ib (zam in ) ser -bd si l ba i .sdb ib, agar ijd zat den, to ma i n
eb ('
arg barun )ma in (bucbb bd i )tum se babnd
cbd btd tbd , leb i n bbul -gayd .
y ib mujb bo babut (d ubb) detaba i .
wub babut (d i l -g i r) ma’
l i im
botd ba i .
ma in apui tabsi r par (ranji da)
i n bdgbagon bo (bism-wd r
cbbdnto).y ib wub i (bism) ba i jo tum
cbdbte ibe
(rub) garur yd to subb men
rabeg i , y d d ubb men.
main rdg-bi (dwdz) suntd bun.
wub mewa (bbatta) ba i , use
mat bbd/o.
i spbul -be in bijoubo bdgb men
bo
salar)on be bi cb z iydda fagab
(cbbord -baro).ti n mab i ne-be (arse)men.
us ne nu se apui jd n (bafi sb i )cbdb i
bo-sabi d ba i bi eb (cb ingd r i )sd rc gd ,onbopb iinb
-de.
wub Bang ld b_ b_ ii b (bol td ) ba i .
apne bba tt-bd ' eb (namd ua)d ibbd
,o.
wub ('
a inab) lagd te ba zn .
172 spends— sticbs.
H e spends his money as fast ashe procures it ,
They trad e in d ifferent kind sof spices ,Take care you d on
'
t spi l l the
ink,
"
H e has done th is'
merely out y ib us ne fabat (d usbman i ) seofspi te
,
H av ing spl i t the cocoa-nut ,
h is friend and h imself d rankthe m i lk ,
Y ou have spoi led my paper ,There is a spot of ink on your
clothes ,
Spread th is mat upon the floor ,H aving spread a net at n igh t,he caugh t many b ird s ,
T he weed s spr i ng up very fasthere ,
Spr inble a l ittle water ,
That is a stag of twelve tine,
'
H e was s i tting on the sta i rs ,
you read ,stand in your
proper place ,
They all stared to see me ,
T he people were nearlystar ving ,
H e is a pe rson of h igh station ,
She intend s to make a longstay there ,
H e sti l l cont inues steady to his
purpose ,
T he jackal steals what he can
lay hold of,T he bank of th is river is very
C an you steer a vessel ?S ticb these papers together
w ith pas te ,
H e walks w i th a sti cb ,
H e is gathering wood (l i terallystjcbs) in the forest ,
ja isd wubja ld bd si l bartd ba i ,wa isd -b i apn i daulat boja ld(Marci: bar i d ba i ).
wub tarab tarab -bd (mard /ib)becbte barn .
bbabardd r rausbndj na gi
nd r iya l bo (torbar) wub aur
usbd dost donon usbd pd n i
p i -ga ,e. [ biyd .
merd bdgbag tum ne (bba rd b)tumbd re bapron par s iy db i
—bd
(d dg iz) ba i .is say
”
bo zam i npar (bicbbd—do).us ne rd t bo jd l (bicbbd -bar)babut cb i rzydnpabr in.
fi ard b gbd s yabdn babut ja ld(barbti ) ba i .
tbord pd n i (cbb irbo).wub bd rab -singd ba i .
wub (s irb i )par ba i tbd tbd .
jab tum parbo , tab apu i jagab(bbare-rabo).
wub sab mujb bo (_tibtzb ibd ndbbar ) debbte ibe .
wub adm i (bbzi bb )-be md re
(mar )-rabe ibe.
wub bare (rutbe)-ba d dm i ba i .wub babut d inonwabdn(rabne)bd i rd da barti ba in .
abtab wub apne i rdde par
(jamd bd d ) ba i .
g ida r jo pd td bd i (cburd - lejd tdba i ).
is da iy d-bd bind ra bard
(zincbd ) ba i .tumjaba
’
g (cba ld ) sabte boin bdgba gon bo le, i se (cb ipba
'
do).wub (ld tb i )pabarbepbi rtd ba i .wub janga l men (labr iy dn)
cbun td ba i .
174 success — sweep.
have had l i ttle success in
our work ,
“'
h o is to be his successor ?
The squirrels sucb th is fruit,
H e d id not sufi r me to sel lthe good s ,
“fi l l th is kind sui t you ?
Your advice appears sui table,
I have but two sui ts of c lothes ,
I t is now the summer season,
H e has rece i ved a summons to
attend the court to—morrow ,
W ho super i n tends th is work
I t wi l l then be in vain to suppl icate,
C an you supply me with these
artic lesH e has no means ofsupport ,H ow does he suppor t hi s
fam i lyI should suppose you are m is
taken ,
I am not sure that it is so ,
I am h is surety ,
\Ve saw a d ead body floatingon the surface of the water ,I felt great surpr ise on hearingth is ,
H e would have been greatlysurpr ised had y ou told h imth is ,
I am surrounded wi th d ifli
cul ties ,
I have no suspicion that he
has d one th is ,
L ook — here is a swarm of
bees ,
Sweep away th is l itter,
is bdm men bam ne tbord -b i
(jd lida )pdy d .
us-bd (bd / im mabd m) baunbonewa
'
ld ba i
g i labr iydn is mewe bo (bbd tiba zn ).
us ne mujb bo asbd b becbne (na
y ib b ism tum/zen pasand ba i )tumbd r i nas ibat (mund sib)
mere pas faba t do (jore) bapreba zn .
ab (garm i -bd mausim ) ba i .us—be pd s (saman) dyd ba i bi
wub ba l’
ad d lat menba‘
g i r bo.
is bdm-bd baun (mubtamimba i )
us wabt (ma'
za rat) mufid na
bog i .
tum y ib cb -i gen mere l iye (ld )sabte bo [ ri d /t in.
usbi (gugrd n)-bd bo,i
_taur
wub byunba r apne bd lbacbcbonb i parwar is/z bartd ba i )
ma zn (samajbtd ) bun bi tum
negba la ti b i ba i .mujbe (yab in) nab i n bi y ib
n i sd ba i .
ma i n us-bd (ad m in) ban.
bam ne eb murde bo pd n i -bi
(sd tlz)par babte debbd .
is bd t-be sunne se mujb bo bard
(ta ayjub) 1222d .
agar y ib bd i tum us-se babte ,
to wub babut (ta ajjub)
ma i n musbbi lon men gbi rd )122272.
mujbe gumd n) nab i n , bi us
ne a isd bi rd ba i .
debbo eb mabbbzyon bd (jbund)yabd n ba i .
is bure bo (jbd r
sweet fbrone. 175
T he sugar- cane is very sweet,
My foot swel led greatly ,
C an you teach me to sw im ? “ye/“z
Th is parro t swings upon a
W i re ,
Where is my sword
They teach wi thout any system ,
C ome
k
in , and tabe oj' your ana
’ar a
'
,o,
apne Zaéeia’e bo (afarcloaHaving taben the fort, theyentered the c ity ,
H e fabes med ic ine usual ly oncea
.month ,
They ta lb incessantly ,
T he same teacher that tang/i t
you fang/i t me ,
H e teac/zes Engl ish and
Bangali ,M ind you d on
’
t tear your newbook ,
Tel l me where I may meet
w ith h im ,
Th is -wi l l tend to increase our
knowledge ,
I t is now z‘emn time , the court
is open ,
When do you expect th is affairwi l l term ina l‘e ?
S ir, I return you many t/zanbs ,
Th is house must be tbaz‘e/zed
anew,
Do you wish for l/zicb paperor thi n
They exercise no ”l ong/i t on
the subject,H e threatens to punish them ,
T he prince sat on a throne,
ganna bard (nzi f/zd ) ba i .merd pdpn babuttum inuj/ze (pa i rn
sabi‘e lzo
y i li i ota da’a’e par ba i i/zbar
(j/zzi l i d ba i ).mer i (ta lwar ) baban ba iwu/z be par/zd fe Izazn .
bi l’
e be (Zebar )wub sba/zr men
a’d b/zi l 1222
,e.
wub li ar inani ne eb bd r a'
awd
(bbdy d ) bar i d ba i .wub Zagd td r (babie ba i n ).jis (asi da
’
)ne tum bous i ne inn/72e i b i par/i dy d ).
102112 A ngrezi
(s ibbd td ) ba i .bbaéara’d r afn i nan
“
bi td b na
mujlze (dai d /0) as-se babdn
muldbd z‘bog i .
_yi li bamen apna zlnz ba rbd ne
b i_
zfaraf (ind/Zbaregd ).y i li (daréd r )-bd wabi ba i ,
'
ad d
lat bbul i ba i .
tambare_
bjiayd l men y ib
1nubaa’a’a7na bad (anjdm)
pd ,egd
sd lzib,ma i n dp—bd babut
(shabr gngd r lzzzn.
is gbar bo na,e sir se (eb/zd nd )
e/zd b iye.
tum (mai d ) bdgéag e/zd /zie 120,
y d (pafla) ei s dd l menwub bucbb afn i (
’
abl )bo a
’ab/zl nab i n a’ere Ii d in .
wub zen/zen sazd d’ene-bi ja
'
lzam
bi dei d ) Iza i .s/zd b-zda
’a (tabfi t)par bait/2d .
I 76 thro w— treacherous.
T/zrow these b its of paper out
ofdoors ,
I t t/zunders very much ,
T he tide has begun to flow,
W'
ho brough t these tid ings
T i e it quite fast ,There is a tiger in that forestalso a tigress , together wi thtwo young ones ,
Th is ground has never been
ti l led ,
Where shal l we procure timber ?
Youth is the time of learning ,
H e is very tim id ,
I am qui te ti red ,
Th is is a ti tle only ,
They smoke tobacco,
Th is is tolerable writing ,
She has got the toot/iae/ze ,
W e travelled by the l igh t of
T he boat was tossed with the
waves .
Tone/z th is wi th your finger,
There are plenty of toys in the
bazar,What is your trade ?They transact d ifferent affairsthere ,
That money has been trans
ferred to me ,
W e have transgressed G od'
s
command s ,
T rans late th is into Persian ,
I s th is a good translationH e has been transported for
l i fe ,
W e travel led all thewayon foot,H e is travel l ing in Pers ia,
Their conduct is very trea
ailerons ,
i/z bdg_ _
7z -be puree darwd ze
be bd /zar (pli enb do).bd da l babut (goraj—ra/zd lza i ).ab/z i s/zur d
'
ba i .
y ili (bbabar) baun [ ayduse b/zzib magbn t
us jangal men eb (sber ) ba i ,our eb (s/zern i ) bb i , aur unbe
sd tlz do bac/zelze.
is zam i n men babb i (b/zeti )nab /
“
n
lzamen (sli d /z ti r) baban
jawd n i‘i lm s ibbne-bd (wabl )
lza i .wub babut (( l d ? ta ) ba i .ma in babut (i ltab gaya bun ).1'i/2faba t ba i .
w i t/z (tambd bz?)p i te ba zn .
y ib b_ /za .
t (par/2d jd i d ) Iza i .i ts-be (d dnt men dard ) bai .
lzam - ne (maslz'
a l )-bi rans/zan i
men sa ir b i .
ma ujon se bis/zti (tab 0 bd ld )li zi l i .
is bo apn i ang l i sebd zd r men ba/zut (blzi lone)12am .
tum/zd rd pes/za ) brd ba iwub wa/zdn tara lz tara/z-bdbd robd r (barte ba in ).
wub r zip iya us se lebar mere
(snpurd ) biyd gay d .
lzam ne bhada-bi (nd -farmd n ib i ).
isbd F d rs i men(tarjama baro).bya y ib (tarjama) b/zzi b ba iw it/i
’
umr bbar -be l iye (bd lepd n i b/zejd ga rd ).
bam rd ste bbar piy d da (eba le).w i t/z F d rs men (safar bar td )ba i .
inbe fi'
lon men dag/_zd-bd zi
bhar i ) bai .
178
T he house is unf urn is/zed .
She is quite un/zappy on th isaccount ,
Through God'
s
escaped unburt,
O ur sentiments are un i ted,
Do you concei ve th is to be
unjustW e should not be unbi nd to
each other ,
T o d o so is un lauf ul ,
They are very un learned ,
Un loeb the d oor ,W hy are you so unnzerezfulTheir d emand s are un reason
able,T he ways ofG od are unsea re/z
able ,
O ur joy is unspeabable ,
H is m ind is very unsteady ,
I am altogether unwi l l ing to
go there ,
I t were unwi se not to agree to
th is,
H e has proved h im sel f un
wort/wofyour protect ion ,
mercy we
A re there any upper rooms in
th i s houseThey are upr ight in theird eal ings ,
N o one urged him to d o so ,
Th is business is urgent,O fwhat use is th is ?I never uttered such a word ,
H e exerts h imsel f in va in ,
These th ings are va luable,
I va l ue h is friend sh i p greatly ,
un/ urn is/zed— z'a l i te.
wub gbar (d rd sta nab in ) lza i .wu/z is sabab se babutba i .
bjgud d -befag l se banibi lba l baeb—ga le.
Itamar i rdy (muttafi b) ba i .tum i sbo (insdfna/zin)sama/lztelzo
1zam bo dpas men(be-rob in)bondna ( bd /l i ye.
a isd barna (b_ b i ldf i sbar'
) ba i .wub bare (jd /zi l ) Iza in.
darwd ze-bd bufltum by zin a ise (be-rabm) lzounbe da
'
we (be-jd ) ba i t}.
wu/z (be-fdjda ) bos/zis/z bartdba i .
3772 C it i zen ba r i (b imati ) ba in .
ma in usb i dosti -bi babut (bad rba r td h d d ).
b_
budd -be burb/zd ne (sanzaj/z se
bd bar ) tra in . [ bd ba r)ba i .lzanzd r i b/zwus/i i (bay d u se
usbe d i l bo (barar) nah i n .
ma in wa/zdnjd ne bo bis i taro/z(rd g i n i l /t in).
i s bd t bd babul na barud
(nd d d n i ) lzotd .
us ne dp sd bi t bird bi wub
tunz/zd r i b inzdyat be (ld /'
b
is gbar men bo, i (bd ld -bi td na)lza i .
f’
wu/z apne nzu'
dmalon menbare
(bhare) Iza in.
b is i ne a isd barne bo use
(dmd da ) na/z i n bird .
yib bdm (garur i ) 12a i .yib bis (bdm -bd ) ba ima in ne a is i bd l babb i nab-in
(bab i )
va lue— wa i t. I 79
What is the value of these in motzyon-bi (b imat) byd ba i ?pearls ?
H e is ful l ofvan i ty ,
There are various opin ionsabout in
Th is chair has not been var
n i s/zed ,
C onfi d ing in h is luck , he ven
ta red all h is property on
th is risk ,Ver i ty I cannot bel ieve you ,
I meet wi th noth ing but ver a
tion in th is bus iness ,
They make no d istinctionbetween v ice and v i rtue,
W e should be v igi lan t in
avoid ing evi l ,What is the name of th is
H e cannot vi nd icate his con
duct ,
I must not v iolate the ord ers
of the Government ,
H is temper is very v iolent,L et us always . maintain vi r
tuous cond uct,I am going to v isi t him ,
She has a line voice,
I s the book irr one or
volumes ?
H e is now on a voyage to
Mad ras ,
two
Please to g ive me a wafer ,
What wages d o you rece ive ?Tell h im to wa i t in th is room ,
(burd l i ) aur -be dar
m iy d n wuli bucbbfarb na/z i nbarte.
li am bo burdn‘
se par/zez barnemen (lzos/zyd r) rabud c/zd /ziye.
is gd ,on-bd nd m by d lzai
mujb bo eb (wefar ) d i’
jzye.
tum by d (ujrat)pd te 120us se babo bi i s bamare men
(tba/zre).
wu/z (g izurur) se bhara bai .is bd i -b i bd bat (mubfi ta l if)rd
,en lzain.
is burs i par (raugfian) nabi n
apn i bis—mat—be bbarose , usne
apud sd rd md l i s bba tre
men (dd ld ).(sac/z -mucli ) ma i n tum par
’
i timd d nab i n rabli —sabta.
is bdm men (d i bbat) be , siwd
aur bucbb muj/ze bd si l nab i n
w'
u/z apne c/zd l c/za lan -b i bdbat
(’
ugr) na/z i n bar sabtd .
sa rbd r -be bubmon-b i mujbe
(nd -farmd n i ) i za barnd cbd
[war) bai .wu/z mi zdj bd babut (gizussabam bameslza (neb)-c/2alanifi tiy d r baren .
ma in un -b i (muld bd t) bo jd ta'
li zi n .
asbi ac/i c/zb i (dwd z) bai .is bi td b-b i eb (ji ld ) bai yd do f?
ab wu/i Madrd s bo (tar i b ird b)jd i d bai .
180
I have been wa i ti ng for you
two hours.
Y ou must end eavour to wabe
early ,
Do you mean to wa lb or rid e ?
T he gard en wa l l has fallen ,
I have wandered in all d ircetions over the country ,
I wan t to see h im ,
Th is is h is warehouse,
, T he weather is now warm ,
Th is tab le is warped ,
Th is horse is warranted without b lem ish ,
I l’ash your hand s ,
W ho is your washerman
W hy d o youwaste your paper ?
I watch an opportun ity of
go ing there ,
Your watch goes remarkab lywell ,These cand les are ofwax
,
Is th is the way to C alcuttaI wea r a suit of c lean c lothesevery day ,
0a i ting— whistl ing .
ma in tumhd r i do gban te se
(rd /z debhtd bun).tum za 2 d r *a 7be (uthne—bi )boshzsh b iya baro.
tum (pzy d da ) cha lnd chdhte hoy d sawd r .
‘3’
bdgfi bi (d iwd r)gzr an .
ma i n 72e mulb men. sab ta 7 af(sa i r b i ) ha i .
ma i n use debhnd (chdhtd bdn).y ih us-bd (gud dm) ha i .ab maus im (garm i )-bd ha t .
i s mez men (b_ ham) d(wa
'
da) biy d gay d ha i bi 2
'
s
ghore-be buch/i
'
a ib nah in .
apne hd th (dho lo).tum/zd rd (dhobi ) baun ha itum apnd bdg_
hag byun (fi a rdb)barte ho
ma in wahdn jane bd mauba'
(dizzi ndhtd ) hun.
tumhd 7 i (gha 7 i ) achchh i cho ltihaz.
y ih battiy d n'
r. (7720772)-b i ha in'
i .
K a lbatte-b i y ih i rdh ha i
ma in bar roz sdf bapron-bd eb
ford pah in td hun).H e weaves the kind of c loth we jis ta rah-bai ham baprd pawear,
H e wi ll return in a weeb ,
H e weeps because of the d eath
ofh is son ,
H as th is sugar been weighed ?
VVhat is the weightofth is stone ?Y ou are welcome,
Tel l them to d ig a wel l ,
h inte ha in,
us i tarah -bd
wuh (buntd ) bai .wuh eb (hafte)) menph i r d ,
egd .
wuh apne bete-be ma rne-be
sabab (7 ota)haiy ih shaba r (taul i )ga ,
i ha i
y ih patthar bi tnd (bhd r i ) ha itumhd rd and (si r dnbhon
'
r.par ).un se babo eb (bu/
d ) bhoden.
I und erstand wel l what you say , jo tum babte ho so main (fi ne)
Th is paper is very wet ,I whispered that to h im ,
I heard somebody whistl ing
samajhtd bun.
y ih bdg_ _g bahut (g i ld ) haz.
ma in ne wub bd t d hi sta as-be
bd n me72(bah i ).bis i shabhs bo ma in ne (si tibajd te) sund .
v. by S ham
Print 8
, That appears yel low , 7na'
l dm hotd ha i .
é Y esterday it rained much ,
She is quite young ,
I n the season ofyouth ,
H e showed great zea l , usne ba rd tapd b) gdh i r’
biy d .
They are very zea lous , wub ba re
T he breath of the zephy r feels (bd dpleasant to us ,
ba i .
UC SOUTHERN REGIONALLIBRARY FACILITY
B 000 006 8 12 2
H I N U U D I
By the late
Tex t-books an d Manuals in H in dustan i— co ntinued .
By Ma ior F. R . H . C HA PMAN , I nstructor in H industan i atth e Royal M i l itary C ol lege .
En glish -H industan i Pocke t V oc abulary : contain inguseful word s in c lassifi ed l i sts . (Urdu in Roman
C harac ter .) T h ird E d i tion , R evised ‘
and E n larged .
32mo , c loth . 33. net.
H ow to Learn H in dustan i . A Manual for allS tud en ts and a Guid e to th e L ower and H igh er S tand ardExam inations . S econd E d i tion , R ev ised and En larged .
C rown 8vo , c loth . 83. 6d . ne t .
.Urdu Read er (G raduate d) for Mil itary S tuden ts .
C ontain ing th e Urd u A lp h ab e t , l i sts ofuseful word s. sim p leg rammatica l exerc i ses (Urdu and Rom an iz ed Urd u), easy
se lections from various authors . m i l i tary and h i storica lse lection s , togeth er wi th a com p lete vocabulary of al l th e
Urdu word s occurring in th e text. R oyal 8vo. c loth .
n et.
By C o lo n e l W . R . M. H O LRO YD , form erly Di rector of
Pub l ic I nstruction . Punjab .
H in dustan i for Every Day . Royal 8vo. 324 pages .
88 . ne t.
By M. KEMPSO N , Director of Pub l ic I n struction in N .W .
Provinces , 1852—78 .
The Syn tax and Id iom s of H in dustan i. A Manualof th e L anguage , cons isting of Progress i ve E xerc ises in
G rammar , R ead ing .and T ran s lation wi th Notes . D i recti ons ,
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