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Transcript of The Metamorp hoses of Ovi d - Forgotten Books
WORKS EDITEDBYCHARLES HAINES KEENE.
The Metamorphoses of Ovi d, B o ok XI I I " with I ntroduct ion and N o tes . Price 2s . 6d
The Eolog'ues of Calpurnius S ionlus and H . Aureliu
Olympius N emesianus, with Introductio n, C omm en
tary, and A pp end ix . Price 63.
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The Electra of Euripides, wi th Introduction, N o tes , andA ppendix. Price 10s . 6d
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TheMetamorphoses ov id, B o okVII I ., wi th Introduction
and N o te s. Price zs .
LONDON : MA CM ILLA N A ND CO . A ND NEW YORK .
THE THIRTEENTH‘
BOOK
THE M ETAMO RPHO S ETS
O V I D
WI TH INTROD UCTI ON AND NOTE S
CHARLES HAINES KEENE , M .A . DUBL.
Pnorzsson or GREEK , QUEEN’S cont acts, coax
FOUR TH E D I TI ON
LONDON
GEORGE BELL S ON S , YORK -ST. , COVENT GA RDEN
CAMBR IDGE : DE IGHTON , BELL, CO .
DUBLIN
PR I NTED A T THE UN IVERS ITYBY PON S ONBY A N D WELD R ICK .
CONTENTS
[NTRODUCTION
TEXT
CONTEST FOR TH E ARM S OF A CH ILLES
UBQ/
_TRANSFORMATION OF HECUBA INTO A DOG
my.) TRANSFORMATION OF THE A S HES OF MEMNON INTO
B IRD S
TRANSFORMATION OF THE DAUGH’TERS OF AN IUS
INTO DOVES
TRANSFORMATION OF THE A SHE S OF THE B A UGH
TERS OF ORION INTO YOUNG MEN
TRA NSFORMA TION OF THE JUDGE , C RA GA LEUS ,
INTO S TONE ,A ND OF THE SONS OF THE K ING
OF THE MOLOS S I INTO B IRDS
TRANSFORMA TION OF A C IS INTO A RIVER-GOD 40
TRANSFORMATION OF GLA UCUS INTO A SEA -GOD 47
NOTES
INDEX
1057 65]
PA
"7m
IN preparing a S econd Edi t ion , I have again had
the advantage of PROFES S OR PA LM ER’
S k ind assist
ance . To both him and Mr. L. C . PUR S ER , Fe l low
Of Trin ity C ol lege , who has m ade num erous cor
rections and suggestions, I desire to express my
m ost cordial thanks.
A Tab le of C on ten ts and an Index have been
added .
DUBLIN, fanuary ,
1888 .
In the presen t (the Fourth)Edition , a conside rab le
am oun t o f new matte r has been in troduced in to the
Notes. This however, by means of som e changes in
the arrangem en t, has been done w ithou t increasing
the bu lk o f the volum e .
yanuary, 1898 .
INTRODUCTION
PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NA S O , born at S ulmo , B . C . 4 3,
died at Tom i , A D . 17 , was one of the m ost prol ific
poets of his time . H is works may be divided into
three periods. In the fi rst he t reated of love ; in the
second he wrote on G reek mythology and I tal ian
legends ; in the third he lam en ts his sufi'
erings at
Tom i , his place of exi le on the B lack S ea. The
Metam orphoses belOng to the second period ; and,
besides their intrinsicm erit , are interest ing as being,
perhaps, the m ost complete system of C lassica l
Mythology which we possess. The work covers the
period from Chaos, when the earth was w ithout
form and void (rudz'
s z'
ndzgeslague moles, i . to the
transformation OfJu l ius Caesar into a star ; and the
several tales of which it is composed are m ost in
geniously l inked toge the r, so as to fo rm a connected
chronolog ical series . The connexion between the
tales is, howeve r, Often exceeding ly sl ight , and in
som e cases (e . g . the C on test for the A rms of
Ach i l les) the episodes can hardly be properly Said
8 IN TRODUCTI ON
to describe a transform ation . The thread Of con
nexion in the present book is as fol lows
The prom ise m ade by Ulysses during the con test
for the arms of Achilles leads t o an accoun t Of that
hero ’s expedition to Lemnos to fetch Phi loctetes
and his bow and arrows. A s the Greeks start for
hom e after the capture of Troy,‘
the grief of the
Trojan m atrons, torn from the i r native land, serves
to in troduce the accoun t o f the sufferings OfHecuba,
which cu lm inate in her t ransform ation in to a dog .
Hecuba’
s g rief for the loss of her chi ldren rem inds
the poet of another m other, Aurora, who had to
m ourn her son, Memnon , slain by the Spear Of
Achil les. The wanderings‘
Of A eneas after the
dest ruction of Troy furn ish an Opportun ity for
int roducing various legends connected w ith the
places he visits, the narration of which cl oses the
thirteenth Book .
The subject-m atter of the Metam orphoses had
been t reated by Bocos in his
and by the A lexandrine poet , N icander, in his
‘
E'repowiip evd, as we l l as by Parthen ius, Theodorus,
and An tigonus. We learn throughA ntoninus Libe
IN TR ODUCTI ON 9
ralis that , in part at least , Ovid fol lowed N icander
in his m ethod of connect ing together the several
legends. Ovid m ade much use OfHome r and Euri
pides (especial ly the Hecuba and Bacchae), and
probably also of the works Of A em ilius Mace r and
Hyginus.
I t appears from Tristia, I , 7 , 13, that the editing
of the Metam orpho ses was interrupted by Ovid’
s
exi le , and that he made an unsuccessfu l attempt to
destroy his work, which had not yet been subjected
to the ullz'
ma lz'
ma,
The Metam orphoses are in hexam ete r verse , being
the on ly work in which Ovid has used that m etre ,
except his t reatise on the fish of the Black S ea,cal led Halieutica.
The three fol low ing are the principal manuscripts
Of the Metam orphoses
M , in the Lib rary of the Dom inicans Of S t . Mark,
at Florence. End Of e leventh century.
L, in the Laurentian Libraryat Florence . E leven th
cen tury . The most ancien t in I taly.
E , in the C ol legium Amplonianum at E rfurt .
Twe lfth cen tury.
10 IN TR OD UC TI ON
M and L seem to be copied from the same orig i
nal. Me rke l considers M the m ore trustworthy, as
the writer o f L seem s to have frequent ly introduced
m arg inal g losses into the text . E is a careful ly
written MS . , and free from the bold interpolat ions
of L. In som e instances Merke l prefers it to M .
The text of the presen t edition is that of Moriz
Haupt , edited by O tto Korn , Berl in , 1 88 1 , with the
fol lowing po in ts of difference
C api tals instead of small le t te rs are used at the beginning oflines and sentences.
Lines 332, 379, 849 , om i tted byHaup t as spurious, are givenin b rackets.
The b racke ts are removed from the passages 230, 295, 333
(m ecum gue reducere m'
tar), 404—407, 409—4 17, 461, whichare bracke ted as doub tful by Haupt ; but the reasons forregarding the readings with suspicion are given in the
several notes .
Line 51, M erke l’s una is given for t'
lla 163, at is omi tted189, M erke l’ s N am: is given for H ana : 29 1 , Merkel ’snarr
'
t for nor/it : 423, 549 , and 556, S iebelis’ H ecabe for
H ecuba 460 and 461 , M erkel ’s aut for ba ud : 589 , M erkel'sw nz
’
o for an d 693, M erkel’s [ me for bane : 694 , M erkel’ sz’
Ilac, dem zlrso per inertia vu lnere tela for z'
llam dem zlrsa per
fortz'
a pectora tela 884 , Merkel ’s is m olz'
s for e saxo :
928, conlecto sem z'
rze (see note) for conkctor sedula 967,
M erkel’ sfarm : for deum .
IN TR OD UCTI ON
I have made use of the fol low ing edit ions
Moriz Haupt,edi ted by O t to K orn, B erlin ,
1881 .
Gierig,edi ted by Jahn , Leipzig , 1823.
M erkel,Leipzig
,1880.
S iebelis, edi ted by Polle, Leipzig , 1878 .
Zingerle , in the series edi ted byK vic'
ala and Schenkl,
Leipzig,1884 .
Bailey ’s translation Of M inellius’ edi tion,London, 1770.
Davidson’s edi tion, London, 1750.
The references to the Metam orphoses are in R0
man num erals, e . g . in note on l ine 7 the reference
xiv. 467 Metamorphoses, Book 14 , l ine 467 .
My thanks are due to Professor PA LMER for
reading a portion of the notes, and m aking many
valuab le suggestions ; also to Professor MA GU IRE
for reading the proofs and suggesting several addi
tions to the notes.
DUBLIN,S ep tem ber, 1884 .
O rba parente suo quicumque volum ina tangis,H is saltem vestra de tur in urbe locus
Quoque magis faveas,haec non sunt edi ta ab ipso ,
S ed quasi de dom in i funere rapta sui .
Qui cqui d in his igi tur vi tI I rude cannen habchit
Em endaturus,si licuisset
,erat .
P. OVIDI I NA SONIS
M E T A M O R PH O S E O N
LIBER TERTIUS DECIMU S
CONTEST be tween A jax and Ulysses for the arm s of A chi lles.The arm s are awarded to Ulysses. A jax
,in a fi t of indig
nation,kills himself, and from his b lood springs the hyacinth ,
whose leaves are m arked wi th the initials of the hero’s nam e
(A I).
CON S EDERE duces et vu lgi stante corona
Surgit ad ho s cl ipei dom inus septemplicis A iax
t ue e rat impatiens irae , S ige1a torvoLitora reSpexit classemque in l itore vultu,
Intendensque manus ag imus, pro Iuppiter. ! inquit
A nte rates causam , et m ecum conferturU l ixes
A t non H ectore is dubitavit cedere flamm is,Quas ego sustinui , quas haca classe fugavi .
Tutius est ig itur fictis contendere verb is, 9
Quam pugnaremanu . S ed necm ihi dicere promptum ,
14 ME TAM ORPH OS EON
Nccface re est isti : quantumque ego Marte feroci
I uque acie valco, tantum vale t iste loquendo .
Necm em oranda tam en vob is m ea facta, Pe lasgi ,Esse t eor ; vidistis enim . Sua narret Ul ixes, 14
Quae sine teste ge rit , quorum nox conscia sola est. xPraem ia magna pe ti fateor: sed dem it honorem
A emulus A iaci nop, est te_ _
nuisse superbgm ,
S it licet hoc ingens, qu icquid Speravit U l ixes.
Iste tu li t pre tium iam nunctemptam inis huius,Quo cum victus cri t , m ecum certasse feretur.
A tque ego , S i vi rtus in m e dubitabilis esset ,Nobi litate po tens essem , Te lam one creatus,Mo enia qui forti Troiana sub Hercu le cepi t,Litoraque intravit Pagasaea C olcha carina.
A eacus huicpater est, qui iura silentibus i l lio 25
Reddit, ub i A eo liden saxum g rave S isyphon urguet .
A eacon agno sci t summus pro lemque fatetur
Iuppiter esse suam . S icab Iove tert ius A iax.
Nec tamen haec series in causarn“prosit , Achivi , a ? "
S i m ihi cum magno non est comm un is Achi l le . 30
Frate r erat fraterna peto . Quid sanguine cretus
S isyphio , furtisque et fraude sim illimus i l li
Inscri t A eacidis alienae nom ina gent is
An quod in arm amp g nulloque sub indice ven i,A rm a neganda m ihi ? Po tiorque videbitur i e , 35
Ul tim a qui cepi t, detrectavitque furore
Militiam ficto , donec so llertior isto
S ed sib i inutilior timidi comm enta retexit
LI B ER XI I I .
Naupliades an im i , vitataque traxit ad arma
Optim a num sumat , qu ia sum ere no luit u l la P
No s inhonorati et don is patruelibus orb i ,Obtulimus quia nos ad prima pericula, simus
A tque u tinam aut verus furor i l le , aut creditas esset ,
Neccomes—hie Phryg ias umquam venisset ad arces
Hortator scelerum ! non te, Po eantia proles,Expo situm Lemnos nost ro cum crim ine haberet
Qui nunc, utmem orant, silvestribus abditus an tt isS axa m oves gem itu, Laertiadaeque precaris
Quae m eruit, quae, si di sunt, non vana
Et nunc i l le eadem nob is iuratus in arma, 50
Heu ! p_
ar_
s_
una dlg urn, quo successore sagittae
Hercul is utuntur, fractus m orboque fam eque
Velaturque aliturque avibus, vo lucresque petendo
Deb ita Tro ianis exercet spicu la fat is.
I l le tam en vivit, quia non com itavit Ulixen .
Mal le t et infelix Palam edes esse relictus,
(Viveret aut certe letum sine crim ine haberet)Quem m ale convicti nim ium m em or iste furoris
Prodere rem Danaam finxit, fictumque probavit
C rim en et o stendit, quod iam praefoderat, aurum . 60
E rgo aut exilio vires subduxit Achivis,A ut nece . S icpugnat, sic est m etuendus U l ixes.
Q ui l icet e loqu io fidum quoque Nestora vincat, ”mgr:
_
I_
famen efi’icigt, desertum ut Nestora crimen Vi .”
I/c
E sse rear nu l lum qui cum inflb raret Ulixen 65
Vu lne re tardus equi fessusque senilibus annis,
Y
ME TA Ill ORPHOS EON
Proditus a socio est. Non haecm ihi crim ina fing i
Sci t bene Tydides, qui nom ine saepe vocatum
W Ce ipuit , trepidoque fugam expr rav'
am ico .
m {fl ak
A spiciunt oculis superi m o rtalia iustis
En eget aux il io , qui non tul it ; utque reliquit,S ic linquendus e rat : legem sib i dixerat ipse .
C onclamat socios. Adsum , videoque trem entem
Pallentemque m e tu et trepidantem m orte futug .
Opposui m olem cl ipei texique iacentem ,
Servavique an imam — m in imum est hoc landis
ine rtem .
S i perstas certare , l ocum redeamus in illum
Redde bostem vulnusque tuum so litumque t im orem ,
Post clipeumque late , et m ecum contende sub illO
A t po stquam eripui , cui standi vu lnera v ires
Non dederant , nu l lo tardatus vulnere fug it .
Hector adest , secumque deos in pro elia ducit
Quaque ruit , non tu tantum terreris, Ulixe ,
S ed fortes e t iam tan tum trahit i l le tim orig.
Hunc ego sa
Em inus ingenti resupinum
Hunc ego po scentem , cum
Sustinui sortem que m eam vovistM vi ,
Et vestrae valuere preces. S i quaeritis huius
Fortunam pugnac, non sum superatus ab i l l o .
Ecce ferunt Troes ferrumque ignemque Iovem que
In Danaas classes. Ub i nunc facundus U l ixes ?
Nempe ego m il le m eo protexi pectore puppes,
ME TAMORPHOSEON(J ;
0114 “A :
B enique , qu id ve rb is Opus est .9Specti mw
A rma viri fort is m edios m ittantur in hostes . 12 1
Inde iub ete pet i e t referentem ornate relatis.
’
Finierat Te lam one satus vulgique secutum
U l tima murmur e rat : donecLa‘
értius heros
A dstitit, atque oculo s panlum te l lure m orato s
Sustulit ad proceres, expectatoque reso lvit
Ora sono neque abest facundis g ratia dictis.
S i m ea cum vestris valuissent vota, Pe lasg i ,Non foret amb iguus tant i certam inis he res,Tuque tuis arm is, no s te po téi
’émur, Achi l le . 130
Quem quon iam non acqua m ihi vob isque negarunt
Fata,’— manuque simu l ve lat i lacrimantia tersit
Lum ina succedat Achilli,
Quarrrperq ilernmagnus Danais successit Achil les ?
Huic modo ne prosit , quod, uti est, hebes esse
v ide tur ;N eve m ihi noceat , quod vobis semper, Achivi ,Pro fuit ingenium , m eaque haec facund S iqua est,
nunc ocuta est,
sua quisque recuset .
o s et quae non fecimus ipsi , 140
a nostra voco . S ed enim quia rettulit A iax
Esse I ovis pronepo s, nost ri quoque sanguinis auctor
Iuppiteriest , totidem que g radus distamus ab i l lo .
Nam m ihi Laertes pate r est , A rcesius i l l i ,Iuppiter huic, neque in his quisquam damnatus et
exu l . 145
LIBER XI I I .
Est quoque permatrem Cyl lenius addita nobisA ltera nob ilitas. Deus est in utroque paren te .
S ed neque m aterno quod sum genero siorortu ,Nccm ihi quod pater est fratern i sanguin is insons,Proposita arm a peto . Meritis expendite causam . 150
Dumm odo quod frat res Te lam on Peleusque fueruntA iacis m eritum non sit, nec sangu inis ordo ,S ed vi rtutis honor spo liis quaeratur in istis.
Aut si proxim itas primusque requiritur he res,Est gen itor Pe leus, est Pyrrhus filius i l l i . 155
Qui s locusA iaci P Phthiam haecScyrumve ferantur.
Necm inus est isto Teuce r patruelis Achilli .
Num peti t i l le tamen, num si petat, auferat i l la
E rgo Operum quon iam nudum certam en habetur, 159
Plura qu idem feci , quam quae comprendere dictisIn promptu m ihi sit. Re rum tam en ordine ducat .
Praescia venturi genetrix Ncre‘
ia leti
D issimulat cultu natum . Deceperat om nes,In quibus A iacem , sumptae fal lacia vestis.
A rma ego fem ineis animum m o tura v iri lem
Mercibus inserui . Neque adhucpro iecerat h
Virg ineos habi tus, cum parm am hastamque te
Nate dea,’
dixi t ibi se peritura reservant
Pe rgama . Quid dubitas ingentem evertere.TrO iam .
Iniecique manum , fortemque ad fortia m isi.
E rgo Opera illius m ea sun t . Ego Te lephon hasta
Pugnantem dom ui , victum orantem que refeci .
QuodThebae cecidere ,m eum est . Me crediteLesbon ,
B 2
ME TAM ORPHOSE ON
Me Tenedon Chrysenque et C i l lan , Apo llinis urbes,
Et Scyrum cepisse m ea concussa putate
Procubuisse Si
d/
lo Lyrnesia m o enia dextra.
t ue al ios taceam , qui saevum perdere posse t
Hectora, nempe dedi : perm e iacet inclitus Hector .
I l l is haecarm is, quibus est inventus Achil les,A rma pe to : vivo dederam , post fata repo sco .
Ut dolor un ius Danaos pervenit ad omnes,Aulidaque Eubo icam complerunt m i l le carinae,Expectata diu nu l la aut con traria classi
F lam ina erant , duraeque inbent A gamemnona sortes
Inmeritam saevae natam m actare D ianae . 185
Denegat hoc gen itor, divisque irascitur ipsis,A tque in rege tam en pater est. Ego m i te parent is
I ngen ium ve rb is ad pub l ica comm o da ve rti .
Nunc equidem fateor, fassoque igno scat A trides
Difii cilem tenu i sub in iquo iudice causam .
Hunctam en utilitas popu l i fraterque datique
S umm am ove t sceptri , laudem ut cum sangu ine penset .
M ittor et ad m atrem , quae non hortanda, sed astu
Decipienda fuit . Quo si Telam onius isset ,O rba su is essent e tiam nunc l in tea ven tis.
M ittor et I liacas audax orator ad arces,V isaque et in trata est altae m ihi curia Tro iae
Plenaque adhuc erat i l la viris. Interritus eg i
Quam m ihi mandarat comm unem Graecia causam ,
Accusoque Parin praedam que H elenamque t e
posco , zoo
LI B ER XI I I .
E t moveo Priamum Priamoque A ntenora iunctum . xA t Paris et fratres et qui rapuere sub i l lo ,Vix tenuere manus— scis hoc, Menela
'
e — ne
ecum fui t ilLongareferre m o raest quae consilioque manuque
Utiliter fecim i tempore bel l i . flu?M e t h o
P9_st acies prim/as urb is se m o enibus hostes
C ontinuere diu, necapert i copia Martis
Ulla fui t : decim o demug pugnavimus anno .
Quid facis interea, qui nil, n isi proelia, nosti ? 2 10
Quis tuus usus e rat ? nam S i mea facta requiris,H o stibus insidior, fossas munim ine cingo ,C onso lorsocios, ut longi taedia be l li
Mente ferant placida dooco , qug simus alendi
A rmandique mpg ) ; m ittor, quo postu lat usus. 2 15
Ecce Iovis monitu, deceptus imagine somn i ,incepti curam dim ittere be l l i .
auctore spamdefendere vpgem. P M
Non sinat hoc po scat , 2 19o,
Quodque potest , pugui t . Cur non remoratur ituro s ? «
wt
arma m piai ew sfl PWNon erat hocnim ium numquam n isi magna loquenti .
Quid quod et ipse fugi t ? v idi , puduitque videre ,
Cum tu terga dares inhonestaque ve la parares.
Nccm ora,‘quid facitis ? quae vos demen tia ’ dixi
‘C oncitat, O socii , captam dim ittere Tro iam ? 2 26
Quidve domum fertis decim o , n isi dedecus, anno ?’
Talibus atque aliis, in quae dolor ipse disertum
22 METAMORPI-I OSE ON
Fecerat, aversos profugaa de classe reduxi .C onvocat A trides socios terrore paventes 230
NccTelamoniades etiam nuncW MM W '
A udet . A t ansus erat reges incessere dicti s
My):
Thersites, etiam perm e haud impune , protervisW
Em , et trepidos ci ves exhortor In bostem ,
Am issamque mea virtutem voce repono . 235
Tempore ab hoc, quodcumgue potest fecisse videri
Fortiter iste, meum est, qui den tem terga retraxi .
B enique de Danais quis te laudatve petitve
A t suaTydides mecum communicat acta,Me probat et socio“ semper confidit Uh‘
xe .
Est al iquid, dewm m
tot Graiorum m ilibus unum
A D iomede legi necm e sors ire iubebat.
Sum tamen et spreto noctisque ho stisque periclo
Interimo non ante tamen , quam cuncta co egi 245
Prodere, et edidici , quid perfida Tro ia pararet.
Omn ia cognoram , nec, quod specularer, habebam ,
Et iam prom issa pOteram cum laude reverti .
Handcontentus eo petii tentoriaRhesi ,Iuque suis ipsum castris com itesque perem i
A tque ita qaptim v ictor vo tisque po titus
C u ius e nos retium nocte m oscerat hostis
A rma negate m ihi , fueritque benigniorA iax !li
’
Devastata meo cum mu l to sanguine fudi
LIBER XII I .
C o eranon Iphitiden et A lastoraque Chrom iumque
A lcandrumqueHaliumqueNo emonaquePrytanimque ,
Exitioque dedi cum Chersidamante Thoona 259
Et Charopem , fatisque inmitibus Ennom on actnm ,
Quique m inus ce lebres nostra sub moenibus urb is
Procubuere manu . S unt et m ihi vu lnera, cives,Ipso pu lchra loco nec vanis credite verb is
A spicite en !’vestemque m anu diduxit et haecsun t
Pectora semper’
ait ‘vestris exercita rebus. 265
A t nil inpend r tot Telamonius anno s
bet sine vu lnere corpus.
Quid tamen hoc si se pro classe Pelasga
Arma tulisse refert contra Troasque I ovemque ?
C onfiteorque, tul it neque enim benefacta m al igneWt
Detractare meum est . S ed ne communia solus 2 7 1
Occupet, atque aliquem vob is quoque reddat hono
rem .
Reppulit Actorides sub imaging tutus Achi l lis WWTroas ab arsuris cum defensore carinis. 4/
Ansum e tiam H ectore is solum concurrere tel is 275
S e putat , Ob litus regisque ducumque m e ique ,
Nonus in Ofiicio , et praelatus munere sortis.
Sed tamen eventus vestrae , fortissime , pugnae
Quis fuit ? Hector abi t violatus vu lnere nu l lo .
Me miserum , quan to cogorm em inisse dolore
Tm “, quo Graium murus, Achil les
Procubuit ! necme lacrimae luctusve timorve
Tardarunt, qu in corpus hum o sub lime referrem .
24 METAMORPII OSEON
His umeris, his, inquam , umeris ego corpusAchi l lis,Et simu l arma tu li quae nunc quoque ferre
laboro .
S un t m ihi , quae valeant in ta lia pondera, v ires,Estanimus ce rte vestro s sensurpos410n0res.
Sci l ice t idcirco pro nato caerula mate r
Ambitio sa suo fuit , ut caelestia dona ,A rt is Opus tantae , rudis et sine pectore mi les
Indueret ? neque enim cl ipei caelam ina nori t ,Occanum et terras cumque al to sidera caelo ,Ple iadasque Hyadasque inmunemque aequoris
Arcton
Diversasque u rbes nitidumque O rion is ensem .
Postulat. ut capiat, quae non intellegit, arma.
Quid quod me duri fugientem munera bel li
A rguit incepto se rum accessisse labori ,
N30 se magnanimo maledicere sent it Achilli ?
S i simu lasse vocas crimen , simulEViI‘
n'
us ambo .
S i mora pi o cu lpa est, ego sum maturior i110. 300
Me pia det inuit coniunx, pia m ater Achillem ;
Primaque sun t i l lis data tempora, ce tera vob is.
Haud t imeo , si iam nequeam defendere crimen
Cum tan to commune virO . Deprensus UlixisW
Ingenio tamen i l le : at non A iacis U l ixes. 305
Neve in m e sto lidae convicia fundere l inguae slaw .
A dm iremurcum , vobis quoque digna pudore
Obicit. An falso Palameden crimine turpe
Accusasse m ihi , vobis damnasse decorum est ?
METAMORPHOSEON
Hostibus e medus. Et se m ihi conferat A iax ?
Nempe capi Tro iam prohibebant fata sine i l lo .
Fort is ub i est A iax ubi sunt ingentia m agn i 340
Verba v iri curhicmetuis cur audet U l ixes
Ire perexcub ias et se committere nocti ,
Perque feros enses non tantum moenia Troum ,
Verum et iam summas arces int rare suaque 344
Eripere aede deem , raptamque adferre perhostes P
(285-5? n isi fecissem , frustra Te lam one ct eatus
Gestasset laeva taurorum tergora septem .
I l la nocte mihi Tro iae Victo ri aggwrté est : M
Pergama tuncv ici , cum vinci posse co eg i .
Desine Tydiden vultuque et murmure nobis
O stentare meum . Pars est sua landis in i l lo .
Nec tu , cum socia clipeum pro classe tenebas,S olus e ras. Tib i turba comes, mihi contigit unus.
Q ui n isi pugnacem sciret sapiente m inorem
Esse , nec indom itae deheri praemia dextrae , 355
Ipse quoque haecpeteret . Peteret m oderatiorA iax
Eurypylusque ferox claroque Andraem one natus
Necm inus Idomeneus patriaque creatus eadem
Meriones peteret maioris frate r A tridae 359
Quip pe m anu fortes nec sun t m ihi Marte secundihj i
.
Ut il is; ingenium est, quod ege t nostro .
Tu vi res sine mente ge ris : m ihi cura fu turi .
Tu pugnare potes pugnandi tempora mecum
Eligit A trides. Tu tantum corpore pro des,
ci memores au t S i m ihi non datis arm a, 380
H date ! ’ et ostendit signum fatale M inervae .
‘
Mota m anus procerum est, et quid facundia
posset ,Re patuit ; fortisque viri tu l i t arma disertus.
Hectora qui solus, qui ferrurn ignesque Iovemque
Sustinuit totiens, unam non sustinet i ram
Invictumque virum v inci t dolor. Arripit ensem ,
Et meus hic certe est. A n et hunc sibi poscit
U l ixes P
Hoc’
ait ‘utendum est in me m ihi : quique cruore
Saepe Phrygum maduit, dom in i nunccaede madeb it,
Ne quisquam A iacem possit superare nisi A iax.
’
390
Dixit , e t in pectus tum demum vu lnera passum ,
pa s
M ETAMORPHOSEON
Qua patuit ferrum , letalem condidit ensem.
Nec valuere m anus infixum educet e telum :
Expulit ipse cruor rubefactaque sangu ine tel lus
Purpureum viridi genuit de caespite florem ,
Qui prius Oebalio fuerat de vulnere natus.
Littera commun is mediis pueroque viroque
Inscripta est fo liis, haecnomin is, i l la querellae .
y
Transformation of Hecuba into a dog .
VICTOR ad Hypsipyles patriam clarique Thoantis
Et veterum terras infames caede virorum
Quae po stquam ad Graio s, domino comitante ,
revexit,
Inpo sita est sero tandem manus u ltima bel lo .
r01a’
S Imu namusque ca unt Priamei'
a coniunx
Perdidit infelix hominis post omn ia formam , 4o'
se
Externasque npvo latratu terruit oras,Longus i
I
a clauditurHe l lespon tus.
I lion ardebat rat ign is,Exiguumque sen is Priam i Iovis ara cruorem
C onb iberat . Tractata com is antistita Phoebi 4 10
Non profecturas tendebat ad aethera palmas.
Dardanidas matres patriorum signa deorum ,
Durn l ice t , amplexas, succensaque templa tenentes
Inv idiosa trahunt victores praem ia Grai .
MittiturA styanax i l lis de turribus, unde
Pugnantem pro se proavitaque regna tuentem
LI B ER XI I I . 29
Saepe videre patrem m onstratum a m atre solebat.
Iamque viam suadet boreas, flatuque secundo
Carbasa m ota sonan t ; iubet uti navita ven tis.
" I'
ro ia, vale rapimur clam ant , dan t oscu la terraeTroades, e t patriae fum antia tecta relinquunt. 4 2 1
Ultima consm m m ‘ab ile visu ,
In m edi is Hecabe natorum inventa sepulchris
Prensantem tumulos atque o ssibus oscu la dantem
Dulichiae traxer’
e m anus. Tam em unius hausit, 4 25Inque sinu cineres secum tu li t H ectoris hausto s
H ectoris In tumu l o canumdevertice crinemnem acrimasque reliquit.
ub i Troia fu it , Phrygiae contraria te l lus
u s hab itata viris. Po lym estoris i llic
Regia dives e rat , cui te comm isit alendum
C lam , Po lydore , pate r, Phrygnsque rem ovit ab arm is
C onsil'
raem ia m
Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum ,ensem 435
Rex Thracum , iuguloque sui dem isi t alum n i
Et tam quam toTli cum corpore crim ina po ssent,Ex m isit in undas.
Litore Thr
Dum mare pacatum , dum ventus am icior esset . 440
H icsub ito , quantus cum viveret esse so lebat, £754.nExit hum o late rupta, similisque m inantiTemporis i l l ins vultum referebat A chi l les,Quo ferus iniusto petiit Agam emnona fe rro :
M A.
METAM ORFII OS EON
Inm emores’
que‘mei disce
’
ditis’inquit Achivi P445
Obrutaque est m ecum virtut is s P
M Ne facite ! utque m eu sine honore sepul
chrum ,
Pracet Achilleo s mactata Polyxena m anes.
’
Rapta sinu mat ris, quam iam prope sola fovebat , 450
Fort is e t infelix et plus quam fem ina VirgoDucitur ad tumulum diroque fi t hostia busto .
Quae meem or ipsa sui , po stquam crudelibus arisA dmo ta es; sensitque sib i fe ra sacra parari,
t ue NeOpto lemum stantem ferrum que tenentem
Inque suo vidit figentem lum ina vultu,
Ute e iamdudumg
e o so san uine . dix it ,Nul la m ora e st Q‘E‘l tu gulovel pectore telumC onde m eo iugulum que sim u l pectusque retexit.‘
_
Scil ice t aut u l l i ser 4 60
“(per tale sacrum num en p
MOrEZfiTum vellem m atrem mea fallere posse t .Mate r o2 st , m inuitque necis m ihi gaudia quamvis
Non m ea m ors i l l i , verum sua v i ta t rem enda est.
VO S m odo , ne S tyg io s adeam non l ibera m anes, 4 65Este pro enl, S i iusta petO , tactuque viri les
Virg ineo rem ovete manus. Acce t ior i l l i, N e w W m “Quisquis is est, quem caede m ea placare paratis,Libe r erit sanguis. S iquo s tam en u ltim a nost riVe rba m ovent oris, Priam i vos filia regisNon captiva rogat, genetrici co rpus inemptum
w e e /“M N
0 N‘
s“
LIB ER XI I I .
Reddite neve auro redimat ius t riste sepulchri,S ed lacrim is. Tunc
zcum poterat, redim ebat et auro .
’
'
D ixerat. A t popu lus lacrimas, quas i l la tenebat,“i i—“Non tene t . Ipse e t iam flens invitusque sacerdos 4 75
Praeb i ta com ecto rupi t praecord1a ferro .
I l la,super tet rem de fecto O l ite labens, M m
vPertulit intrepidos ad fata novissima vultus.
Tuncquoque cura fuit partes ve lare tegendas,Cum caderet, castique decus servare pudoris.
Priami0
Teque gemunt, Vi rgo , teque , 0 m odo reg i a con iunx,Regia A siae florentis imago ,
u V J J
ae malaisors, quamlwctorn isi quo
Edideras. Dom inum m atri vix repperit Hector .
Huicquoque dat lacrimas. Lacrim as in vu lne ra fundit,O scu la ue ore tegit, consueta ue ectora lan it
Canitie
c
inque suam concre to ir
C
I
l
saIiD
guine vgrrefsPlura qu idem , sed et haec lan iato pectore dixit
Nata, tuae— quid en im superest— d010r u l t im e
m at ri ,Nata, iaces ; videoque tuum , m ea vu lnera, vu lnus. 4 95
Et ne perdiderim quemquam sine caede m eorum ,
Tu quoque vu lnus habes. A t te , qu ia fem ina, rebar
A fe rro tutam . C ecidisti et fem ina ferro
ME TAM ORPHOSE ON
To tque tuo s idem frat res, te perdidit idem ,
Exitium Tro iae no strique orbator, Achil les.
A t postquam cecidit Paridis Pho ebique sag ittis,
Nunccerte , dixi , non est m etuendus Achi l les.
Nunc quoque m i m etuendus e rat . C in is ipse sepulti
In genus hocsaevit : tumu l o quoque sensimus ho s
tem
A eacidae fecunda fui . Iacet I l ion ingens,Eventuque gravi finita est pub l ica clades,S ed finita tam en : so li m ihi Pe rgama restant ,
141 In cursugue m eus dolor est . Modo maxima re rum ,
b f“? To t generis natisque potens nuribusque viroque .
Nunc trabot exu l , inops, tumulis avu lsa m eorum , 510
PeneIOpae m unus. Quae m e data pensa trahentem
Matribus o stendens I thacis haecH ectoris i l la est
C lara parens, haecest dicet Priam e i a coniunx.
’
“W Po stque tot am issos tu nunc, quae sola levabas
Mate rno s luctus, ho stilia busta piasti .
erias host i peperi . Quo ferrea resto P
Quidve m oror Quo m e se rvas, annosa senectus P
Quo , di crudeles, n isi guO nova funera cernam ,
Vivacem difi'
ertis anum ? Quis posse putaret
Felicem Priamum post diruta Pe rgama dici 520
Fe l ix m orte sua est. Nec te , m ea nata, peremptam
A spicit, et vitam pariter regnumque reliquit.
A t, puto , funeribus do tabere , reg ia v irgo ,C ondeturque tuum m onum entis corpus avitis.
Non haecest fortuna domus. Tibi mune ra mat ris 525
34 METAMORPHOSEON
Ve l le latens i l l i , quod nato redderet, aurum .
Credidit Odrysius, praedaeque adsuetus amorg
In secreta ven i t. Tum b lando callidus ore‘TOlle m oras, Hecabe ,
’
dixit ‘da m unera nato .
Omne fore i l lins quod das, quod et ante dedisti,Per supero s inro .
’Spectat t rucu lenta loquentem
Falsaque iurantem , tum idaque exaestuat ira,
A tque ita correpto captivarum agm ina m atrum 560
Invocat, et digito s in perfida lum ina condit ,Expellitque genis oculo s,— facit ira valentem
Inm erg itque manus, fo edataque sanguine sonti
Non lumen , -neque en im superest— loca lumin is
haurit.
C lade sui Thracum gens inritata tyrann i
Troada telorum lapidum que incessere iactu
C o epit. A t haec m issam rauco cum m urmure
saxum
Morsibus insequitur, rictuque in verba parato
Latravit, conata loqui . Locus extat et ex re 569
Nomen habe t ; veterumque diu m emot i l la malorum
Turn quoque S ithonio s ululavit maesta peragros.
I llius Troasque suos ho stesque Pelasgo s,I llius fortuna deos quoque m overat omnes ;S ic om nes, ut et ipsa I ov is coniunxque sororque
Eventus H ecubam m eruisse negaverit illo s.
LIBER XIII .
Transformation of the ashes of Memnon into birds
Non vacatA urorae , quamquam isdem faverat arm is,CM o iaegue Hecubaegue m ovari=C ura deam pr0pior luctusque domesticus angi t ku w m
Memnonis am issi , Phrygiis quem Iutea campisVidit Achi l lea pereuntem cuspide m ater ;Vidit , et i l le color, quo matutina rubescunt
Tempora, palluerat, latuitque in nub ibus aether.
A t non inpo sito s suprem is ignibus artus
Sustinuit Spectareparens, sed cri ne soluto ,
MS icut erat , magn i genibus procumbere non est 585
Dedignata Iov is, lacrim isque has addere voces‘
a ibus infe rior , guas sustinet aureus aether,Nam m ihi sun t totum rarissima templa per orhem
D iva tam em venio non ut de lubra gigsqueDes m ihi sacrifico s caliturasque ignibus aras.
S i tam en aspicias, Quantum fem ina praestem
Turn cum_luce
,
nova noct is_ gonfinia servo ,
Praem ia danda putes. S ed non ea cura neque hicest
Nunc status A urorae , m erito s ut po scat honores.
Memnonis orba m ei venio , qui fortia frustra.
595
Pro patruo tu l i t arma suo , pprim isgue sub ann is w W
Occ1dit a fort i— sic vo s Vo luistis— Achi l le .
Da, precor, huic aliquem ,so lacia m ortis, honorem
Summ e deum rector, maternaque vu lnera ELL:WIuppiteradnuerat, cum Memnonis arduus al to 600
c z
36 ME TAMORPHOSE01V
Corruit igne rogus, nigrique volumina fumi
Infecere diemzveluti cum fium ina natas
Exhalant nebu las, nec so l admittitur infra.
A t ra favi l la vo lat, glomeratague corpus in unurn
D ensetur,faciemque capit. sum itque calorem 605
las
Et primo sim i lis vo lucri , m ox vcra
Insonuit pennis ; pariter sonuere sorores
Innumerae , quibus est eadem natalis origo .
Terque t ogum lustrant , et consonus exit in auras 610
Terclangor : quarto seducunt castra volatu
Tum duo diversa popu l i de parte feroces
Be l la getunt , ro strisque et aduncis unguibus iras
Exercen t alasque
Inferiaeque cadunt cine ri cognata sepu lto
C orpora, seque v iro forti m eminere creatas.‘
Prae etibus subitis nomen facit auctor . Ab i l l o
Memnonides dictae , cum sol duodena peregit
S igna, parental i moriturae more rebel lant .
E rgo ali is latrasse Dymantida flebile visurn 620
Luctibus est A urora suis intenta, piasgueMNuncguogue dat lacrimas et to to t orat in orbe .
Transformation of the daughters of Anius into doves.
Non tamen eversam Tro iae cum mo enibus esse
Sp‘
em_qu’oque fata sinunt. S acra et, sacra alt
'
era,
patrem
Fert umeris, venerabi le onus, Cytherems heros. 625
LIBER XII I .
De tan tis opibus praedam pius eligit illam
A scaniumque suum , profugaque peraequora classe
Fertur ab Antandro , scelerataque l im ina Thracum
Et Po lydoreo manantem sanguine terram
Linquit, et utilibus ventis aestuque secundo
Intrat Apom m—
M em .
HuncA nius, quo rege stite Phoebus
R ite co lebatur, templo recepit ;
Urbemque o stendit delubraque nota duasque
Latona quondam stirpes pariente retentas.
Ture date fiamm is vinoque in tura profuso
Caesarurnque boum fibris de more crematis
Regia tecta petunt, po sitisque tapetibus al tis
Munera cum liquido capiunt C erealia Bacclio .
Tum pius A nchises :‘0 Pho eb i leete sacerdos,
Fall-05, an et natum , cum primum haecmo enia vid1,
B isque duas natas, quantum rem iniscor, habebas?’
HuicA n ius u iveis circumdata tempora vittis
C oncutiens et tristis ait : non falleris, heros M9”
Maxime vidisti natorum quinque parentem ,645
Quem nunc— tanta hom ines rerum inconstantia
versat
Paene v ides orbum . Quod en im mihi filius absens
A ux i lium , quem dicta suo de nom ine tel lus
A ndroshabe t , pro patre locumque et regna tenentem ?
De lius augurium dedit hu ic. Dedit a ltera Liber 650
Fem ineae stirpi voto maiora fideque
Munera. Nam tactu natarum cunctamearum
38 METAMORPHOSEON
In segetem , laticemque m eri , canaeque Minervae
Transfornmbantur, divesque erat usus in i l l is.
H ocubi cognovit Tro iae popu lator A trides,Ne non ex sensisse procellam
No s quoque parte putes, arm orum viribus usus
Abstrahit invitas grem io
Imperat Argo licam caelesti munere classem .
Efi’
ugiunt quo quaeque potest Euboea duabus, 660
Et to tidem nat is A ndros frate rna pet ita est.
M i les adest et, ni dedantur, be l la m inatur.
Victa m e tu pietas consortia corpora po enae
Dedidit ; et tinrido pw ignoscere fratri .
Non hicA eneas, non , qui defenderet A ndron , 665
Hector erat , per quem decimum durastis in annum .
Iamque parabanturcaptivis vincla lacertis
I llae to llentes etiamnum l ibera caelo
Bracchia ‘Bacche pater , ferOpem ! dixere . Tulitque
Muneris auctor opem : si m iro erde t e m ore 670
Ferre vocatur opem Nec qua ratione figuramPerdiderint, po tui scire aut nunc dice re possum .
S umm a m al i nota est : pennas sumpsere tuaeque
C oniugis in volucres, n iveas ab ie t e co lumb
Transform ation of the ashes of the daughters of O rion intoyoung men , represented in bas-relief on a gob let .
Talibus atque al11s po stquam conv iv ia dictis 675
Inplerunt , m ensa somnum petiere remota.
Cumque die surgunt, adeuntque oracu la Phoeb1
LIBER XI I ] . 39
Qui petere anti quarnmatremi ognataque iussit
Litora. Prosequ itur rex, et dat mun.u_ _s ituris, S.b”
Anchisae scept rum , chlamydem pharetramque negot i ,Crateram A eneae , quam quondam transtulit i l l i 68 1
Ho spes ab A 0n11s Therses Ism enius oris.
M iserat hanc i l l i Therses, fabricaverat A lcon
Hyleus, et longo cae laverat argumento .
Urbs erat , et septem posses ostendere portas : 685
Hae pro nomm e erant, et quae fore t i l la, docebant .
Ante urbem exequiae tumulique ignesque rogique
Efi'
usaeque comas et apertae pectoramatresS ignifican t luctum . Nm haewu que v
rierefi dentur,Sw at -1 6 _
_ uefi ontes; rondilzya 690
NudaM W dlaew
Ecce facit medi is natas O rione Theb is,Ira-
E, dare vu lnus ape_
1:to_ L
Pro popu l o cecidisse suo pulchrisque perurbem 695
cglgbrigue inparte cremari
Turn , de v irginea gem ino s ex it e favi l la,Ne genus in tereat , iuvenes, quos fama C oronas
Nom inat , et cineri materno ducere pompam .
Hactenus ant iquo signis fulgentibus aere ,
safl mw ur Crafer erat as er: ac na thO
Nec levioradat is o a i dona rerm tunt, 0 A m
Dantque sacerdoti_qustodem turis acerram
Dan t pateram claramque auro gemm isque coronam .
40 METAMORPHOSEON
Transformation of the judge, Cragaleus, into stone, and of the
sons of the K ing of the Molossi into birds.
Inde recordati Teucro s a sanguine Teucri 705
Ducere principium , Gretam tenuere : locique
Ferre diu nequiere Iovem , centumque relictis
Urb ibus Ausonios optan t contingere portus.
Saevit hiems, iactatque viros S tr0phadumque
recepto s
Portubus infidis exterru'
it ales A e l lo .
Et iam Dulichio s po rtus I thacamque SamonqueNeri tiasque domus, regnum fallacis Ulixis.
Praeter erant ecti : c tam l ite deorum
AmbraC 1am , _
yer§iqu
J ocalemqueChaoniosque sinus, ubi nati rege Molosso
Ig rita subiectm m nm s.
Transformation of A cis into a ri ver-god.
Proxima Phaeacum felicibus obsita pom is
Rura petunt . Epiros ab his regnataque vati 720
Buthrotos Phrygio simulataque Troia tenetur.
Inde futurorum ce rti , quae cuncta fideli
Priam ides H e lenus m onitu praedixerat, intrant 723
S icaniam . Tribus haecexcurrit in aequora pinnis,
E quibus imbrifero s est versa Pachyno s ad austros
Mollibus expo situm zephyris Lilybaeon at A rctos
A equoris expertes spectat boreamque Peloros.
Hacsubeunt Teucri , et rem is aestuque secundo
4 2 ME TAMORPHOSEON
Acidis 1n nob is fueri t praesentior, edam
W utrumque furt . W m potent ia regn iEst, Venus alma, tui ' nempe i l le inm itis et ipsisH orrendus si lvis et visus ab ho spite nu l lo
Inpune , et magn i cum dis contemptorO lym pi ,
Quid sit am or, sentit , validaque cupidine captus
W a um antrorumque snorum .
Iamque tibi fo rm ae ,M
iamque est tib i cura placendi ,Iam rigido s pectis rastris, Polypheme , capi l los 765
Iam l ibe t hirsutam t ib i falce recidere barbam ,
Et speciat e ferds in aqua e t conpgnere vdltus.
Caedis am or feritasque sitisque inm ensa cruoris
C essant , et tutae veniuntque abeuntque carinae .
Te lemus interea S iculam delatus ad A etnen ,
Te lemus Eurym ides, quem nu l la fefellerat ales,Terribilem Po lyphem on adit ,
‘ lumen que , quod
unum
Fronte geris media, rapiet t ib i dixit Ul ixes.
’
Risit et o vatum sto lidissim e , falleris,’ inquit, 774
‘
M Li t. S ic frustra vera monentem
Spernit , et aut gradiens ingenti litora passuDegravat , aut fessus sub opaca revertiturantra .
utrumque latus circum fluit aequoris unda . 4Hucferns ascendit Cyclops, mediusque resedit ; 780
Lanigerae pecudes nu l lo ducente secutae .
Cui po stquam pinus, bacu li quae praebuit usum ,
A nte pedes posita est, antemnis apta ferendis,
1 13111? XIII. 43
Sumptaque harundinibus compacta est fistu la centum ,
S enserunt toti pastoria sibila m on tes, 785
Senserunt undae . Latitans ego rupe m eique
Acidis in grem io residens procul auribus hausi
Talia dicta m eis auditaque verba notavi
Candidior fo lio nivei , Galatea, ligustri ,Floridiorpratis, longa procerior alno ,Splendidior vitro , tenero lasciviorhaedo,LEvioradsiduo detritis aequore conchis,So libus hibernis, aestiva gratior umbra,Nob iliorpalma, platano conspectior alta,Lucidiorglacie , matura dulcioruva
,
Mo llior et cygni plum is -et lacte coacto ,Et, si non fugias. riguo form o sior horto
Saevior indom itis eadem Galatea iuvencis,
Durior annosa queren,fal lacior undis,
Lentior et salicis virgis et vitibus albis,H is inm obilior S COpulis, violentior amne ,Laudato pavone superbior, acrior igni ,A sperior tribulis, feta truculentior ursa ,Surdior aequoribus, calcato inm itiorhydrog vEt , quod praecipue vellem t ibi dem ere po ss
'
em , 805
Non tantum cervo claris latratibusa cto ,Verum etiam ventis vo lucrique fugacior aura
A t bene si noris, pigeat fugisse , m orasque
I psa tuas damnes et m e retinere labores.
S unt m ihi , pars m ontis vivo pendentia saxo
A ntra, quibus necso l m edio sentitur in aestu,
44 ME TAMORPHOSEON
Necsentiturhiems. S un t porna gravantia ram osS unt auro sim i les Iongis in vitibus uvae ,S un t et purpureae tibi 61: has servamus et i l las.
Ipsa tuis manibus si lvest ri nata sub um bra
Mollia fraga leges, ipsa autumnalia com a
Prunaque , non solum nigro liventia suco ,Verum e tiam generosa novasque im itantia ceras .
Nec tibi castaneae m e coniuge , nec tibi dé‘
erunt
Arbutei fetus. Omnis tibi s'
erviet arbor. 820
Hocpecus omne meum est . Multae quoque vallibus
e rran t ,Mu l tas si lva tegit, multae stabulantur in antris
.)r
Nec, si forte roges, possim tibi dicere , quot sint .
Paupe ris est num erare pecus. De laudibus harum
Nil m ihi credideris praesens potes ipsa videre , 825
Ut vix circumeant distentum cruribus uber.
Sunt , fetura minor, tepidis in ovilibus agn i ;Sunt quoque , paraetas, aliis in ovilibus haedi .
Lacm ihi semper adest niveum . Pars inde bibenda
S ervatur, partern liquefacta coagu la durant . 830
Nec tibi de liciae faci les vulgataque tan tum
Munera contingent , dammae leporesque caperque ,Parve columbarum , demptusve cacumine nidus :
Inveni gem ino s, qui tecum ludere po ssint,
Inter se sim iles, vix ut digno scere possis,
Villo sae catulos in summ is m ontibus ursae
Inveni et dixi " dom inae servabimus isto s.
’
Iam modocaeruleo nitidum caput erifre ponto,
LIBER,XI I] .
Iam , Galatea, veni , necmunera despice nostra .
Certe ego me novi , liquidaeque in imagine vidi 840
Nuper aquae ; placuitque m ihi m ea forma videnti .
A spice, sim quantus. Non est hoccorpore maior
Iuppiter in caelo . Nam vos narrat e so letis
Nescio quem regnare Iovem . C oma plurim a torvos
Prom inet in vultus, umero sque , ut lucus, obumbrat.
Necmea quod rigidis horrent densissima saetis 846
Corpora, turpe puta . Turpis sine frondibus arbor
Turpis equus, nisi colla iubae flaventia velent.
[Pluma tegit volucres, ovibus sua lana decori est]Barba viros hirtaeque decent in corpore saetae . 850
Unum est in m edia lumen m ihi fronte, sed instar
Ingentis clipei . Quid Non haec omnia m agno
S ol videt e caelo S oli tamen unicus orbis.
Adde , qu‘od in vestro genitor m eus aequore regnatsf.
Hunc tibi do socerum . Tantum m iserere , precesque
Supplicis exaudi : tibi enim succumbimus uni . 856
Quique Iovem et cae lum spem o et penetrabi le
fulmen ,Nerei
'
, te vereor. Tua fu lm ine saevior ira est .
A tque ego contemptus essem patientiorhuius,
S i fugeres omnes. S ed curCyclope repu lso
Acin amas, praefersque meis conplexibus Acin!I l le tamemplaceatque sibi placeatque licebit ,Quod nollem , Galatea, tibi m odo copia detur,S entiet esse mihi tanto pro corpore vires. 864
Viscera viva traham , divulsaque m embra per agros
METAM ORPHOSEON
Perque tuas spargam— sicse tibi misceat — undas.
Uror enim ,laesusque exaestuat acrius ignis,
Cumque suis videor translatam viribus A etnam
Pectore ferre m eo . Nec tu, Galatea, m overis.
’
Talia nequiquam questus— nam cuncta videbam
S urgit , et ut taurus vacca furibundus adempta, 87 1
S tare nequit, silvaque et notis salt ibus errat
Cum fe rus ignams,necquicquam tale tim entes
Me vide t atque Acin , video que exclamat et ista
U ltim a sit,faciam ,
Veneris concordia vestrae .
’875
Tantaque vox, quantam Cyclops iratus habere
Debuit , i l la fui t . C lam ore perhorruit A etne .
A st ego vicino pavefacta sub aequore m ergor,
Te rga fugae dederat conversa Symaethius heros
A dfer opem , Galatea, precorm ihi ! fe rte , parentes,’
D ixerat et vestris periturum adm ittite regnis.
’88 1
InsequiturCyclops, partem que e m onte revulsam
Mittit , et extremus quamvis pervenit ad i llum ,
Angu lus is m olis totum tamem obruit Acin .
At no s, quod fieri solum per fata licebat ,Fecimus ut vires adsumeret Acis avitas.
Pum us de m ole cruor manahat
,et intra
Tempori s ex1guum rubor evanescere co epit,F1tque color prim o turbati flum inis imbre ,Purgaturque m ora . Tum m oles fracta dehiscit, 890
Vivaque per rimas proceraque surgit harundo ,Osque cavum saxi somat exsultantibus undis
Miraque res, subito media tenus extitit alvo
LIBER XI I I . 4 7
Incinctus iuvenis flexis nova cornua cannis, M M
Qui , nisi quod maior, quod toto caerulus ore , 895
Acis erat .— Sed sicquoque erat tamemAcis, in amuem
Versus et antiquum tenuerunt flum ina nomenfis1
Transformation of Glaucus into a sea-god .
Desierat Galatea loqui ; co etuque solut'
o
Discedunt, placidisque natant Nere1des undis.
Scylla redit : neque enim m edio se credere ponto
A udet , et aut bibu la sine vestibus errat harena, 901?Aut, ubi lassata est, seducto s nacta recessus
Gurgitis, inclusa sua m em bra refrigerat unda .
Ecce freto stridens, alti novus incola ponti
Nuper in Euboica versis Anthedone m emb ris, 905
G laucus adest , VW L
Et quaecumque putat fugientem posse m orari ,Verba refert . Fng i t i lla tam en, veloxque tim ore
Pervenit in summum positi prope litora m ontis.
Ante fretum est ingens apicem co llectus in unum
Longus ab aequoribus convexus in aequora vertex .
C onstitit hic, et tuta loco , m onstrumne , deusne
I l le sit, ignorans, adm iraturque colorem
Caesariemque umero s sub iectaque terga tegentem ,
Ultimaque excipiat quod tortilis inguina piscis. 9 15
Sensit, et innitens, quae stabat proxim a, m oli ,‘Non ego prodigium nec sum fera be lua, virgo ,S ed deus inquit aquae nec maius in aequora
Proteus
4s METAMORPHOSEON
Ius habet et Triton A thamantiadesque Palaemon .
A n te tamen mortalis eram , sed sci lice t altisDebitus aequoribus, iam tum exercebar in i l lis.
Nam modo ducebam ducentia retia pisces,Nuncin mole sedens moderabarharundine linum .
S unt viridi prato confinia litora, quorum
A ltera pars undis, pars altera cingiturherbis,Quas neque cornigerae m orsu laesere iuvencae ,
Necplacidae carpsistis oves hirtaeve capellae .
Non apis inde tu li t conlecto sem ine flores,Non data sunt capiti genialia serta, neque umquam
Falciferae secuere m anus. Ego primus in i110 930
Caespite consedi , dum lina madentia sicco ,
t ue recenserem , captivos ordine pisces
Insuper expo sui , quos aut in re tia casus
Aut sua credulitas in aduncos egerat hamosJ 934
Res sim i lis fictae : sed quid m ihi fingere prodest ?
Gramine con tacto co epit mea praeda m overi ,
Et mutare latus, terraque , ut in aequore , niti .
Dum que moror m irorque simu l , fugi t omnis in undas
Turba suas, dom inumque novum litusque relinquunt .
O bstipui , dubitoque diu, causamque requiro , 940
Num deus hocaliquis, num sucus fecerit herbae .
‘Quae tamen has ’ inquam vires habe t herba
manuque
Fabula decerpsi decerptaque dente momordi .
Vix bene conbiberant ignotos guttura sucos,Cum subito trepidare in tus praecordia sensi ,
Omnia mutantur, nih il interit.
Tb 7 13: 7 15a 7 01 p eraBohds ro s 3x61.
NOTES .
1—398 .
CONTEST between A jax and U lysses for the arm s of A chilles,which
,after the death of the hero , his m other, Thetis, offered
as a prize to the bravest of the Greeks.
A fter hearing the arguments adduced on both sides the
leaders decide in favour of Ulysses, and A jax , in his indignation,ki lls him se lf with his sword .
From the ground, dyed with his b lood , springs the Hyacinth ,on whose leaves may be seen the initials of the hero’s name
A I).Hom er in the N exvla. (A 543sq .)attributes the death of A jaxto his defeat in the contest for the armour of A chill es, but doesno t state whe ther he died by his own hand or otherwise .
The contest is said to have been described in the A ierorfs ofA rctinus
,and the
’I7u&s pmpai of Lesches.
The subject was dram atised by S ophocles in his Afas, and
also byPacuvius and A ccius. A ugustus too began a t ragedy onthe sam e them e
,but soon abandoned the task
,and
, in reply tothe inquiri es of his friends, said that his A jax had commi t tedsuicide on a sponge (Ajacem m um in spongeam z
'
ncubuz'
sse,
S uet . A ug .
We are told by S eneca that Ovi d borrowed m any of his ideas(e .g . line 12r)in the treatm ent of this fable from M . PorciusLatro ,who composed a declamation enti tled A rm aram yudz
'
cz'
um on
the sam e subject . The lat ter, by birth a S paniard , was a friendof the e lder S eneca, and lectured on rhetori c at R ome in thetime of A ugustus.
S ui das,following D ictys, gives qui te a different account of
the contest between A jax and Ulysses. H e says that the po ssession of the Palladium was the mat ter in d ispute
,and that
A gam emnon,having awarded i t to U lysses
,was filled wi th
apprehension of vengeance from A jax , and consequently hadhim assassinated in hi s tent .
52
S chiller in his S iegesfest has imi tated several passages fromthe contest for the arm s of A chilles, as well as from the transformation of Hecuba, whi ch follows.
1. C on sedere du ces , ‘the chiefs are seated .
’ These wordsconnect the I3th book wi th the preceding one , in which we are
told that A gam emnon,unwilling himself to bear the odium and
responsibili ty of the decision,had referred th e mat ter to the
assemb led A rgive chiefs. Juvenal, 7, I 15 sq. parodi es thi s passa e :g
C onsedere duces surgis tu pallidus A jaxDicturus dubia pro libertate
,bubulco
Judice .
I t would appear that com edere should be referred to a formconsideo
,no t to consido
,as in the dic tionaries. Consz
'
d z'
seems
to be the t rue perfec t of the lat ter word , e . g. Tac. A . I , 30com iderant (Medicean M S .
Vu lg i s tan te co rona ,
‘while the ring of rank and file
stood Corona is often used of a circle of li steners, especiallyin a judicial assemb ly .
2. S u rg i t ad h o s . T0201 8’ rose to address them .
’
Oli p e i d om inu s . Eaxempdpos.
S ep tem p l i o is . This is explained by lines 346, 347
Quae nisi fecissem , frustra Te lamone creatusG estasset laeva taurorum tergora septem .
Cf. I liad , H 2 19 , 220
A las 8’
37 7 159511 fiAOe cpe
‘pwv ordxos “Mire répyov,
xdlut eov éwrafiderov.
AJax The son of Telamon km g of S alam is. H e was calledA jax the G reat , and is to be di stingui shed from the lesserA jax, son of O ileus, king of the Lo crians , who also was presentat the siege of Troy .
3. t n0 erat inp at i ens irae ,‘and lacking control , as
he did, over his passions ,’ being ungovernab ly passionate .
’
U t is often thus used to specifythe general character or dis
posi tion under the influence of w ich an act is perform ed,e . g .
M a lta alza collzjg‘
zt Chryszpjus, at ext 112 0mm historia curiosas,
NOTES . 53
C ic. Tuse. 1, 45, 108 . Magm'
fice at ornate,at erat z
'
n pn’
m zir
inter suos copz'
orus,conm
'
m’
um compared ,Id. Verr. 2, 1 , 26, 65.
The m eaning here is wi th his usual uncurbed passion he
glanced sullenly (torvo respexz'
t vu ltu) at the S igean shore .
’
The violent and overbearing character of A jax is we ll exhibi tedin his speech .
S i g e ia . S igeum was the N .-W . prom ontory of
the Troad . N ear i t stood an altar to 26 159 ravop¢afos, whencethe adjuration pro yuppz
'
ter in the next li ne . S ee xi . 198 .
A jax had often protected the Grecian flee t drawn up on thisshore . S ee l ine 9 1 sq . The adj. is also found in the formS z
'
ge'
us . S ee Luc. Charon, 23: édéAw0018675011 7 61: 7 017rotoav. opa
‘
s ma éwl rji OM drry ; Ei'
yerov yév 61: 52i 307 1 7 21
p i‘
ndy ‘ 6117 1p SE6 A fas 7 6601117 111 31! 7 43‘
Pon‘
eicp .
4 . C lassem q u e in lit ore , sc. stantem .
5. Pro . A n interjection expressing indignation, wonder, orlam entation. I t is followed by nom .
,voc .
,or acc.
,and is also
used parenthetically . S ee line 758 .
6. A n te ra tes,before , in sight of the ships.
’
E t , and (before these ships wh ich I saved)is Ulysses compared wi th m e This use of at in indignant questions is frequent e . g . E t ta, Cam i ,jeram xii . 465. E t is tot crz
'
m z’
m'
bus
testz'
m onz’
zlcgue com/fetus z'
n eorum tabellrlr rpm 5161"
alz'
guam
ponz’
l, quorum omm
’
um palam ,caussa z
'
ncogm'
ta, voce damnatur
est ? C ic. Verr . 2, 5, 16, 4 1 . E t sun ! qu i de ma Appz'
a gue
rantur,taceant de curia I d . M il . 33, 9 1 .
7 . H ect ore i s fl amm i s , cf. xiv. 467 : D anaos pavem nt
Pergamafl ammas.
9 . Tu t iu s , m ore prudent .’ C f. Caes. B . G . 3, 24 : Tu tiusesse arbz
‘
trantur,obsessz
'
s w’
z’
s,comm eatu z
'
ntercluso sine u lla
vu lnere w'
ctorz'
a potz'
rz'
.
10. S o i n ix. 29 sq . Hercules saysM eli orm ihi dextera lingua.
Dumm odo pugnando superem,tu Vince loquendo .
11. I st i . This pronoun is specially used of an Opponent in a
lawsui t .13. M ea . Emphati c, Opposed to m o in next line.
14 . V id i st i s en im ,
‘for you were eyew itnesses of them .
’
S ua narret U lixes ,‘let U lysses recount his.
’
54 METAMORFIIOSES .
16. Q uorum nox consc ia nola eat ,‘ to which night alone
is privy .’ S ee lines 98—101 .
16 sq . Great, I adm i t,is the prize sought, but my rival
takes away the honour of the contest : it is no cause of pride toA jax to have won anything
,great though i t be
,to which U lysses
raised his hopes.’
19 . J am nun c , ‘already
,
’ i .e. independently of the issue ofthe contest . N uncjam now,
as opposed to past t im e .
Tem p tam in i s . Th is word is found in the plural in iii . 34 1and vii . 734 . Temptam entum is the m ore usual word .
20. U lysses,even though defeated
,will be suffi ciently rewarded
by being ab le to boast of having contended wi th the bravesthero in the Greek arm y . Q u o , sc. certam z
‘
ne.
21. V irtu s ,‘valour . ’ D ub i tab i l i s
,open to question.
’
Cf. i . 223: N ee erz'
t dubz'
z‘abz
'
le verum . First found in Ovid,who is partial to adjectives of this form .
22. N ob i l i ta te,high or nob le birth .
’Cf. Pont . 4 , 16 ,
43sqMaternos Cottas cui Messallasque paternosM axima nob ilitas ingem inata dedi t .
23. Telamon took part in the first capture of Troy,when
Hercules at tacked the ci ty to punish Laom edon’s perfidy in de
frauding him of the celebrated horses of Tros, wh ich had beenprom ised as a reward for the rescue o fH esione . S ee xi . 2 12 sq .
24 . The A rgonau tic expedi tion sai led from I olcus on the Pagasaean gulf to C olchis for the Golden Fleece . C ol ch aC olchica. Cf. vi i . 394 Cole/12
'
s Colchz’
cz’
s)venem'
s .
25. A eacus, M inos, and R adamanthus were the judges ofthe Lower World . Lucian (C haron however , representsA eacus as fare-collec tor for C haron’s boat : q m 6 7 01611113
A iaxbs dyavaxfi’
jaer pna’dBOAbV émroAé
‘
w. S i len t i b u s ,‘ the
silent shades of the departed , ’ as in v . 356. I n Virgil , A . 6,
264 , we fi nd the full expression umbrae sz’
lentes . In xv . 66,m
'
lentes the Pythagoreans during the first five years of the ird isciplesh ip , when they were required to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras .
26. S axum g rave . Cf. 0d . A 598 : Adam51110118735.
"
NOTES . 55
S i syphon . The allusion to S isyphus is introduced becausehe was reputed father of U lysses, to whom he transmitted a
share of his cunning . S ee note on line 48 .
27 . A gn o sci t , recognises as his son .
’Cf. C orn . N ep. A ges.
1, 4 : Quem i lle natam non aguarai , m on
’
ens suum esse dix
erat .
28 . A b I ove te rt iu s , ‘ third in descent from Jupiter,
’not
including Jup i ter the first in the series. Jupiter , A eacus,
Telamon,A jax . Yet wi th secundus the first in the series is
included : e .g . Hor . S . 2, 3, 193 Ajax,
heros ab A chilles secan
dus,i .e . next to
_
A ch illes. Liv. 7, 1 fin. : (Cam z'
llus)secundusa R om ulo condz
'
tor urbis R om anae .
29. S e r i es , ‘ line of ancestors, ’ ‘ lineage,’ ‘pedigree .
’C f.
C v. Pont . 3, 2,109 : D z
'
gne vz’
r hac sm’
e. S tatius, Theb6, 268 : S eries antz
‘
qua parentum . I n cau sam p ros i t , ‘helpmy cause .
’ Cf. Quint . 8 , 3, 9 : In id guogueproa’
est,u t terrae
saccum aegualz'
ler tralzant.
31. Frat e r , ‘cousin.
’The relationship is expressed by
patrueli s in line 4 1 . Frater g ermanus is the strict expressionfor brother . ’ A jax was son of Telam on
,A chilles of Peleus.
Telam on and Peleus were brothers, being sons of A eacus and
Endeis.
82. 1111,i .e . S z
'
syplzo , which is readily understood fromsanguine S z
'
syplzzo. C f. Juv. 14 , 239 sq
QuantumD ilexi t Thebas si Graecia vera M enoeceus
,
In quorum sul cis
where quorum refers to Thebanos implied in Tkebas .
33. I n seri t A eacidi s , ingrafts o n the stock of the A eaci dae .
’
I t is doub tful whe ther the verb here is z'
nsero, sew'
,sz
'
tum,or
sem i,sen
‘
am (both of which words are used of grafting byC olumella), as the following passages show z— Tac. A . 13, 14Insz
'
tus et adoptivus. S uet . Tib . 3 z'
nsertus est et
Lz’
vz’
orum fam z’
lz’
ae,adoptato in eam m aterno aw . Haupt
thinks the sim ile is from grafting, as explained above but the
m eaning m aybe sim ply ‘ thrusts in the nam e of a strange familyamong the A eacidae ’ (z
’
nsero,z'
nseru z'
) see line 166 and ii i . 1 17necte cz
’
m’
lz'
bus z'
nsere bellz’
s.
56 ME TAMORPHOS ES .
34 . sq . A n oracle declared that should U lysses join theTrojan expedition he would have to undergo twenty yearswandering . When
,therefore
,A gam emnon and Menelaus came
to secure his assistance he feigned madness, and yoking an oxand an ass toge ther
,he began to plough and to sow salt in the
furrows. Palam edes (the son of N auplius), however, de tec tedthis im posture by placing the infant Telemachus before the
plough,whereupon U lysses
,having stopped his team
,was
ob liged to abandon his assumed part . U lysses,owing to this
circum stance,conceived a deadly enm i ty to Palam edes
,and
subsequently secured his execution o n a false charge . S ee line56 sq . A n is som e times used to introduce a sim ple direc t quest ion when a negative answer is expected . The full expression
,
as S iebelis says,would be utrum res ita se habet ut dix i
,an
, 850.
N u l l o sub in di ce , ‘no t owing to , forced by, an inform er. ’Cf. v . 62 : Postguam exhalantem sub acerbo vulnere vitam
D eploram'
t A tkz’
n . Juv. 15, 26 : hoe I thacas nu llo sub teste
canebat.
36. U lt im a (se . arma) cep i t ,‘was last to take the field . ’
Ultimus woul d be the m ore usual const ruction.
D etroctavi t ,‘shi rked . ’
37 . I s to,than Ulysses.
38 . S i b i inut i l i or, because he roused the enm ity ofUlysses .
C omm en ta re tex i t , unm asked his devi ces.
’
39 . M erkel reads i f: instead of ad .
41. Patru eli bu s . S ee note on line 31.
4 3. Furor i l le . The madness ofU lysses. S ee note on 34 sq .
44 . Ph ry g i as , i .e . Trojan .
45. H o rtato r sce l erum ,
‘inciter to crime .
’ Observe the
emphatic posit ion of the words. Cf. Virg . A . 6, 529 : H ortat‘
or
scelerum E olzdes . I h. 2,164 : scelerum gue znventor Ulysses.
Po ean t i a p roles . Philoctetes, the son of Poeas
,when on
his way to Troy, was b i t ten in the foot by a serpen t,and owing
to the stench of his wound was left behind at Lem nos by theadvice of U lysses. A s he possessed the arrows of Hercules,
58 ME TAMORPHOSES .
gives utantur instead ofutuntur in the next clause , whichwouldthen be explanatory of why the epi thet mag na was used . Forpars cf. xi . 2 16 pars m z
’
lz'
tz'
ae Telam on . V irg . A . 2 , 6 quorum
(neuter)pars m agnafu z’
,
‘in which I played a prom inent part . ’
Q u o su c cesso re sag i t tae H e r cu l i s u tu n tur,‘whom the
arrows of Hercules have as their new owner . ’ C f. line 1 18 sq .
N ostra (se . clz’
peo) novus est successor Izabendus.
53. V e la turq u e al i turq u e av i b u s ,‘ is dependent on birds
for both his dress and food .
’The verbs are m iddle : ‘ clo thes
and feeds him se lf. ’ A ccius in his Philoctetes says : pro veste
pz’
nnz’
s m em bra textz'
s conteg it.
V o lucresq u e p et end o ,‘ in shooting birds.
’C f. A ccius
Pinnigero haec , non arm igero in corporeTela exercentur vetere abjecta gloria.
D eb i ta Trojan i s fat i s ,‘ destined for the destruction of
Troy . ’ S ee note on line 45.
56. Ulysses b rought about the death of Palamedes by accusing him of treachery . To corroborate the charge , he concealedin the tent of Palam edes, according to O vid
,som e gold ; ac
cord ing to ano ther account,a le t ter written in Priam ’
s name.
57 . This line is rejected by M erke l and K orn. I f i t isre tained , i t is to be taken parenthetically . S ine cr im in e ,wi thout be ing accused of treason .
’
58 . M a le conv ict i , &c. ,‘U lysses remembering too well the
madness which Palamedes had exposed in an evi l hour . ’ I t
was unfortunate for Palam edes that the feigned madness ofU lysses was de tected byhis m eans
,as the vengeance ofU lysses
was thus roused against him . For the use of m ale cf. Hor . O .
4 , 6, 14 : m aleferz’
atos ,‘ keeping ill-tim ed hol iday . ’ Ter. A d .
2, 1 , 37 quae res tz
'
bz'
verta t male, m ay that m at ter turn out
unfortunately for you .
’ For the correlative use of bene see Hor .O . 3, 27 , 59 : Potes Izac ab orno Pendu lum zona bene te secuta
Laedere co llum ,
‘the girdle that has fortunately
,opportunely
,
accompanied you.
’
59 . R em D anaam ,
‘the Grecian cause.
’ S IMMONS .
Prob av i t ,‘established . ’ C f. C ic. Fl . 37, 93.
60. Prae fo d erat ,‘had buri ed beforehand .
’ I n V irg . A . 1 1,
473 praefodz'
untportas ante portasfossasfacz'
unt. S ee S er
NOTES . 59
vius ad lac. The sense referring to time , no t place, which isrequired in the present passage, is found also in Plin. Nat. H .
17. 1 1 ,
61. E x i l ic. Leaving Philoctetes in Lemnos like a banishedman. S ub dux i t , drew dim inished .
’
62. N e ce . Causing the arm y to stone Palamedes.
63. In prose quoque would stand after Nestora .
64 . The inc ident referred to is narrated in I liad, o 75sq . D io
m ede , having vainly appealed to Ulysses for aid, him selfrescued
N estor from the at tack of Hector. D iom ede and Ulysses werethe spe cial friends of N estor.67 . M ih i ,
‘by m e .
’
68 . Tyd i d es . D iomede .
69 . C orri pu i t,‘reproved . ’ Cf. iii . 564
Hune avus,huncA thamas
,hunc ce tera turba snorum
C orripiunt dictis frustraque inhibere laborant .Hor. S . 2
, 3, 257 z'
mpransz’
correptus voce m ag istri . Cf.Iliad
, o 94
1rfi (pet/yew nerd. 11637 0. BaAdwxaxbs £19 311 51111 4)
70. M ortal i a,
‘hum an affairs .
’ Cf. Virg . A . 1 , 462 : m en
tem m ortalia tang unt, i b . 4 , 372 : nee S aturm'
us lzaec ocu lis
pater aspz'
cz'
t aequ z'
s.
71. U lysses , when wounded by S oens and surrounded by theenemy
,was rescued byA jax and M enelaus . S ee I liad
,A 456 sq .
73. C onclam at,he calls to his aid Cf. Virg. A . 7, 504
A uxz'
lz'
um vocat, et duros conclam al agrestes.
74 . M o r te fu tu ra ,
‘ threatening death .’
75. M olem c lip ei . 24x03 7767 6 rép'
yov.
‘My ponderoussh ield .
’J acen t em , se . Ulixen ,
is paraphrased in line 80 sqcu i stand i vu lnera vires N on dederant.
76. I ne r tem , cowardly .’S o z
'
gnavus.
78 . R edd e,&c. ,
give us again the enem y,’&c.
79 . M e cum con tend e sub i l lo . Haupt explains this, Fightwi th m e against the enem y under the protectio n of my shield .
I t may, however, m ean,Carry on your contest wi th m e under
60 M ETAM ORPHOS E S .
its protection. Haupt questions the genuineness of verses 77—79as they inte rfere wi th the sense
,and we would expect 80 to
follow imm ediately after 76.
80sq . B ut when I had rescued him to whom wounds hadle ft no power to stand
,he fled, unim peded by any wound . ’
I ronical . U lysses pretended that hiswound was so severe as toprevent him from standing
,while , in fact , i t proved so slight as
no t to interfe re wi th his fl ight .82. S ecum q u e d eos in pro el ia duci t . Cf. I liad
, 0 306,307
Tpéies bkwpo tfruil/av doAAe'
es, fipxe 8’5p Exrwp,
[l ax/181. Bt s‘
rpéaeev 6é ni’
a irro i) (502801 1 7 67010 11.
The plural deos is em ployed ei ther by the sam e m e trical licenseas proelia , or because i t was by the comm and of Jupi ter thatA pollo aided Hec tor . S ee I liad , 0 220 sq. Pro e l ia . Equiva
lent to proelz'
um . S iebelis ob serves that poe ts use the pluralfor the singu lar in nouns
,whose singular is excluded by the
m e tre .
84 . Tan tum t rah i t i l le t i m ori s , such panic does he carrywith him ! ’ This is an instance of the figure of speech calledepiphonema
,i .e . the wind ing-up of a narrative by an exclama
tory clause , for the sake of vividness. Observe also the alliter.
ation.
85. H unc, i .e . Hector . S an g u ineae , &c.,
‘exulting at his
good fortune in the bloody carnage .
’
86. I n g en t i p ond e re (sc. sax i),‘wi th an immense stone .
’
The incident ment ioned here is taken from I liad , E 409 sq . : rhy
p év gr ew”dm évra p e
’
yas TeAapa’
mos A farxepp adr’
cp 07 73903
BeBA-{mew fnrép (tw o-yo s, and is
,therefore
,out of place , as the
rest of the narrative is drawn from I liad, O 306 sq . S ee note
on line 82 . O vid either confused the two passages toge ther, or(in comm on wi th D ictys C re tensis)followed another account .R esu p in um fu d i ,
‘I laid l1i 1n prostrate on his back .
’ Hom e roften applies the word {firrros to those who fall wounded .87 . By the advice of Helenus Hec tor challenged the bravestof the G reeks to single combat . N ine heroes offered themselves, out of whom A jax was chosen by lot as the cham pion.
P o scen t em cum q u o concurrere t . Cf. S am . 1,1 7, 10
‘G ive m e a m an,that we m ay fight together . ’ By u nu s
su st inui A jax , as is evident from the words sortem que m eam
NOTE S . 61
vom'
stz’
s, merely asserts that he encountered Hector in singlecombat , while in lines 275sq . , U lysses m isrepresents him as
ignoring the willingness of the other chiefs to engage in the
combat.
88 . S ortem qu e m eam vov i st i s ,‘
you prayed for my lo t,’
i .e . prayed that my lot m ight be drawn from the helmet , so thatI should be the chosen cham pion . I liad , H 175
ofat xhfipov dannfivaura gxaaros,£11 8
’é’
Bao rcvy e'
y’
A 7 ané;. wovos’
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'
axov'
(586 Sé'
rts elweaxev 613 007101v e i’
zptiu‘
Z sfi m irepif)A lav'ra Aaxei
’
u“hTvSe
'
os vidu
7)067 011 Baatkfia woAvxpéaow Mvm‘wns .
For const ruction and m eaning of var/ea compare xu . 200 : eligequ id var/ears. xi . 128 quae m odo woverat
,od it .
89. V e strae va lu e rs p re ces, your prayers prevailed .
’C f.
Ov. Pont . 3, 3, 92 : Sperandum nostras posse valere preces .
ii . 183
Jam cognosse genus piget et valuisse rogando .
91. Cf. I liad, 0 743sq507 1s at Tpéwv xofAys e
’
7rl vnval (pe'
por'ro
a iry 1rvpl a efcp, xdpw“Exro
,pos drpéuauros ,
7 611 8’A las 067 010116
, gyxe i'
uaq’
i .
E c ce here, as often, introduces wi th emphasis a fresh pointor inciden t
,
‘see , again.
’J ov em qu e . Cf. I liad , 0 636
’
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Enrapt Kal A l l r arpf. Cf. alsoline 82 secum deos in proelia ducit .
92. D anaas c lasses . For the use of D anaas cf. line 7.
For classes naves cf. Virg . A . 2, 30 : classz
'
bus lzia locus.
93. N em p e e g o protex i , why, as everybody knows, i twasI defended . ’ This use of nempe, in stating a notorious orobvious fact after a question , is common . Cf. C ic. Phi l . 1 , 7,18 : Pompei i tertius consu latus in qu ibus actis constitit ? N empein leg ions . I d . M il . 3, 7 : in qua tandem urbe hoe d isputantN empe in ea
, &c.
62 IIIETA JII ORPHOS ES .
94 . S p em vost r i red i tu s , i .e . on which your re turn de
pended . Cf. the burning of the ships in Virg . A . 5. 672
vestras spes uritis .
‘
95. I st i s , sc. arm is .
96. C onjunctaq u e g l or i a n ost ra e st , and our glory (i .e .
m ine and that of the arm s) is shared in comm on ’
; i .e . A jaxwill gain add i tional repu tation by possessing the arm s and thearm s by being possessed by him . C f. Valer . M ax. 7, 5, 6 : N on
Caton i praetura, sedpraeturae Cato negatus est.
98 . The j oint night expedi t ion of U lysses and D iomede,the
capture of the horses of R hesus, and the death of D olon are
narrated in I liad K,wh ich is commonly known as A oAéyera.
B i s , sc. rebus a m e gestzs. I th acu s . Ulysses, so calledfrom the island of I thaca, where he reigned . I nb el lem . Thi sep ithe t is probab ly applied to D olon
,because of his offering a
large ransom in order to escape death . S ee I liad , K 378 sq.
99 . The um ; umpd of Lesches, related how U lysses seizedHelenus by an ambush , and learned from him that Troy couldno t be taken save by the bow and an
'
ows of Phi loctetes ; alsohow Ulysses and D iom ede carried off the Palladium or sacredeffigy of Pallas A thena, on the possession of which the safety ofTroy depended. Pri am i d es , although from Priamus.
100. Lu ce , in daylight. ’ D i om ed e rem ot o , wi thoutD iomede .
’
102. Pars s i t , &c.,
‘let Diom ede have the larger share inthem .
’
103. Q u o tam on h aecI thaco , and yet to what end shouldyou gi ve this arm our to U lysses U lysses uses t reachery
,no t
the sword , as his weapon . A verb is read ily supplied fromdatis, line 101
,as in C ic. Ve rr . 2
,2, 55, 137 : Pecunz
’
am ilium
ob censuram contra leges clam dederunt haecdenarium xxxix
m illia pa lam salvis leg ibus contu lerunt in statuam . Primum
quo tantam pecun iam The verb is often om it ted in exc i tedquestions. C f. Hor. S . 2 , 7, 1 10: Unde m ihi lap idem Id .
Ep. 1 , 5, 12 Quo m iki fortunam , si non coneed itur uti ? S oalso after 7m ? in Greek.
104 . I n oau tum ,unwary.
’
NOTES . 63
105. C la ro rad i an t i s ab au r o . This use of ab, where thesim ple ab lative is the usual const ruct ion,
is especially characteristic of Ovid . S ee R oby 12 13 and Professor Palm er’s no teon Ov. H er. 10, 138 E t tunz
'
cas lacrim z'
s sicu t ab imore graves .
I d . Fast . 2,16 : lupus est a voce retentus . R ad ians is found
wi th the simple ablative , Ov. A . A . 3, 451 templis m u lto radi
antz'
bus auro .
107 . D u l ich iu s vertex . Cf. xiv. 226 : D ulichium ducem .
Ulysses deri ved this epi the t from the island of D ulichium ,near
I thaca.
108 . P ond era tan ta , ‘ the great weight,’so. of the helm et .
109 . P e l ias hasta . The spear of A chilles, the shaft ofwh ich was made of wood from M ount Pelion . I liad
,1r
140 sq
57x03 5’or
’
rxE'A e'r
’olov 6111671011” A ianfdao (S C . Patroclus)
Bprer‘
r, arrBapdv'
7 01111; or? IihA os’Axa1&)v
mi l d ew dAAd uw alas e’rrfa'ra'ro 1riiAcu
’AXtAA er
i
s,
l'
lnhwi
da p eh inv, 7 91V 1ra'rpl (pimp « ripe Xetpwv
HnAfov e’x Kopvqn
'
ris.
110. C aelatu s . This is preferab le to M erkel ’s Concretas .
C f. line 684 long o caelaverat argum ento 29 1 clz'
pei caelam z'
na .
The shie ld is m ore fully described in line 29 1 sq .
111. N atae q u e ad fu rt a s in i st rae . Cf. 11. 223 natusque
ad sacra Cz’
tizaeron . In this phrase the preposi t ion in is oc
casionally employed by the poe ts instead of ad . xiv. 99 natae
dira in perjuria linguae. Hor. O . I , 27 , I : N atis in usum
laetitiae scyp/zis Pugnare Thracum est . The left hand is oftenalluded to as the hand for thieving . S ee E llis’ notes on Catullus 12
,1 and 47, 1 .
112. How have you the insolence to claim a gift that wouldbut disab le you
115. Q u a sola, &c. ,
the one thing in which you surpasseverybody . ’ This passage throws ligh t on the m eaning of V irg .A . 4 , 322 Extz
'
nctus pudor et, qua sola sidera ad ibam,Fam a
prior ; which Wagner and Forb iger erroneously render whichalone would have been enough to m ake m e immortal
,had there
been nothing else .
’ The present passage strongly supportsHenry ’ s rendering wh ich was my sole ti tle to imm ortality. ’
64 METAMoRPHOS ES .
116. cr. xv . 163
C ognovi clipeum laevae gestam ina no strae.
Trah en t i ,‘ trailing so great a load ’
: Trahimus quod ferrenon possumus.
118 . sq . N ostro , q u i , &c. ,
‘my shield which , from wi thstanding m issiles, gapes wi th holes owing to a thousand blows,calls for a new one to supply its place .
’T e la fe rend o . C f.
Caes . B . G . 3, 19 , 3: a t ne unum qu idem nostrorum impetum
ferrent. For another m eaning of tela ferre see xii . 490
Telaque in huncomnes unum m ittuntque feruntque.
Pat et . C f. Juv. 3, 149 sq.
S i toga sordidula est et rupta calceus alterPelle pate t .
S uccessor. C f. line 51 .
120. S p ectem ur ag endo,‘let us be tried by deeds.
’ Cf.Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25 :
S cilice t ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum ,
Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides.
C ic. OR. 2,1 1 , 38 : qu i pecunz
'
a non m ovetur hunc ignr’
spectatum arbitrantur.
121. S eneca quotes th is line as an instance of Ovid ’s im itat ionof his m aster Latro . The words of Latro were ‘m ittam us
arm a in hostes etpetam us .
’V iri fert i s . A chi lles.
123. Te lam on e satu s , the son of Telam on,
’
i .e . A jax . Cf.1, 751 sole satus Phaet/zon .
124 . U lt im a,sc. verba
,as in Hor . S . 1
, 4 , 57, sq
eripias si
Tempora certa m odo sque et, quod prius ordine verbum est,
Posterius facias, praeponens ul t ima prim is.
In this passage from Horace,Lewis and S hort understand
negotz'
a wi th u ltima,but erroneously , for Horace is speaking of
the order of the words , n o t of the subjects . C f. line 469 sqsiquos tam en ultz
'
m a nostri Verba m ovent oris .
66 METAZII ORPH OS E S .
D anai Ulysses, as he states m ore at length in lines 162 sq. ,
had been the m eans of making A chilles take part in the Trojanexpedi tion.
135. H u i c , i .e . A jax . E st,
‘ really is, ’ opposed to videtur.
138 . Observe the chiasmus,that is, the crosswise arrange
ment o f the words, so that the contrasted term s are in one clause
put in a reverse order to that of the o the r, the first term (nunc)corresponding wi th the fourth (saepe), and the second (prodom ino)wi th the third (pro vobis). The figure rs nam ed fromthe G reek le t ter X . C f. line 550. D om in o , se . suo , refem ngto facundia ,
let eloquence Speak for ‘ i ts master, ’ ‘ i ts owner . ’
For the figurative use of dom z’
nus,as appli ed to the possessor
of an art or quali ty, cf. i . 524N ecprosunt dom ino , quae pro sunt omnibus artes
and xi . 148
Pingue sed ingenium m ansit nocituraque , ut ante ,K ursus erant dom ino stolidae praecordia m entis.
139 . I nv i d i a careat , escape jealousy .’ B ona 11 9 0, &c. ,
norle t each one d isown hi s own good quali ties .
’ These wordsare apologetic for his reference to his own eloquence (facundia).140. N am , &c. , I sayhis own (sua)
‘for family and ancestors,
and what we have no t done ourselves these things I scarcelycall ours .
’
14 1 sq . S ed en im .
’AA7\& 7 dp,
‘but indeed . ’ E n im,in
connexion wi th sed , a t, verum,often retains i ts original cor
roborat ive force . R e t tu l i t , &c.
‘A jax has m en tioned that heis the great grandson of Jupi ter . ’ Pron ep o s is nom . case in
accordance wi th the Greek idiom instead of se esse pronepotem .
S ee line 28 S icab f ave terti us Afax .
143. To ti dem , se . quot A iax .
144 . A r ce s i u s .
’Ap1cefm os .
145. Telamon,the father of A jax , assisted his brotherPeleus
in slaying the ir half-brother Phocus, and was consequentlyexiled from 2
’Egina.
146. Per m atrem , on mym other’s side .
’Cy l len iu s (Xv).
Mmos, 0d . 00 M ercury so called from M ount Cyllene onthe frontiers of A rcadia and A chaia. Vi rg . A . 8 , 138
M ercurius quem candida Maia
Cyllenae geli do conceptum vertice fudit.
N OTE S . 67
A utolycus,the father of A nticlea, the mother ofUlysses, was
a son ofM ercury and Chione .
147 D eu s e s t in u tro qu e p a rent e , the b lood of the godsflows in the veins of both my parents.
’ C f. line 187.
150. M eri t i s exp en d i te cau sam ,
‘weigh the cause againstourrespec tive m eri ts.
’ M eri tis is abl. Cf. Plant . B acch. 4 , 4 , 1kunclzom inem decet auro expend i , i . e . is worth his weigh t ingold . ’ C f. line 192 .
152. M e r i tum . This refers to the use of m eri tis in 150.
D ecide on the m eri ts but do no t regard as a meri t what is no t50. N on for ne after dumm odo.
153. S p o l i i s . Used instead of arm is , because the arm s ofA chilles were stripped o ff him after death
,and are now being
disposed of at the discre tion of others .
155. E s t = 7Jivit. Py r rhu s , also cal led N eoptolemus, was'
the son of A chilles and D e’
idam ia , the daughter of Lycom edes,king of S cyros. 1111, S C . A chilli .
156. Qu i s lo cu s A i aci . For this use of locus, cf. C ic. de Or.z ,
54 , 2 19 : in hocaltera (se . g enere)d icacitatis qu id habet ars loci ?Phth i am ,
the abode ofPe leus in Thessaly . S cyrum , the abodeof Pyrrhus ‘Let the arm our be carried to Phthia or S cyrus.
’
157 . Teucer, as son of Telam on and Hesione , was stepbrother of A jax . I st o , i . e . A jax. This pronoun is frequentlyused in Speeches to designate those opposed to the orator . Thi sline contains the answer of U lysses to the claim s advanced byA jax in line 31 .
158 . I l l e , i . e . Teucer.159 . Op e ram nu dum cert am en , a m ere contest about
achievem ents .
’ C f. Ov . Trist . 3, 1 1 , 17 sq . :
U t m ala nulla feram,nisi nudam C aesaris iram ,
N uda parum nob is Caesaris ira m ali estS ilius 1 , 2 19 : necfi dens nudo sinefraud ibus ensi .
161. I n prom p tu s i t ,‘ is easy . ’ C f. ii . 84 , sq . : N ee tibi
quadrupedes in promptu regere est. The phrase m oreusually m eans to be m anifest or to b e ready to hand . ’
162 sq . Cf. Hygin. fab . 96 : The tis N ereis cum sciret A chillem filium suum , quem ex Peleo habebat , si ad Trojam expugnandam isse t , periturum ,
comm endavit eum in insulam S cyron
ad Lycom edem regem . Quem ille inter virgines filias hab i tufem ineo servabat. A chivi autem cum rescissent ibi cum occul
E 2
68 M E TAM ORPHOSE S .
tari , ad regem Lycom edem oratores m iserunt, utcum adjutoriumD anais m i ttere t. R ex
,cum negare t apud se esse
,potestatem eis
feci t,ut in regia quaererent. Q ui cum intelligere no n po ssent,
qui esse t earunr,Ulysses in regio vest ibulo m unera fem inea
po sui t , in quibus clipeum e t bastam , e t sub ito tub icinem jussitcanere arm orum que crepitum e t clam orem fieri jussit . A chilles,ho stem arbi trans adesse
,vestem m uliebrem d ilaniavi t atque
clipeum e t hastam arri puit . E x hoc est co gn i tus.
The part icipat ion of A jax in the embassy is no t m entionedsave 111 this passage .
162. G en e t r ix N ere i a . Thet is, the daughter of N ereus,
was the m other of A chill es.
163. Onltu,
‘by his dress.
’ A ch illes was disgui sed as a
v irgi n.
166. Projecerat ,‘had thrown
168 . For the expression, cf. x11. 309
N e fuge ! ad H erculeos,inquit, servaberis arcus.
170. Ini eci q u e m anum . The formal manner of claim ingany thing as one '
s own . C f. Ov. A m or 1 , 4 , 40 : E t dicam ,J/ea
sun t injr'
cz’
am que m anus . For o ther technical legal expressionscf. note on line 300 . Fort em q u e a d fort i a (se . gerenda)m is i ,‘the doughty warr ior I sen t to doughty deeds .
’
171. Therefore his ach ievem en ts are m ine .
’ U lysses,having
secured the services of A ch illes for the Greeks,claim s all that
hero ’ s ach ievements as his own . Te le ph on . Telephus , kingof Mysia, at tem pting to prevent the landing of the Greeks o n
the coas t of Mysia, was wounded by A ch illes, but cured by thelat ter wi th the rust of the Spear wh ich had infl icted the wound,011 his undertaking to guide the Greeks t o Troy .
172. B ore ci , healed .’
Cf. Tac. A . 13, 44 fin. : ex vu lnere
173. Th eb ae , i . e . 6 7337;“rww Aaxfn, a ci ty of Mysia, the
birthplace of A ndromache and Chryseis, destroyed byA chi lles.
NOTES . 09
174 . Cf. I liad, A 37, sq
1016917101 dp'
yvpdroz’
, 53Xpdo’
nv dnct tBe’
a as
KiAAav re (01661111, Tere’
dord re dydaa'ets.
175. S cyrum , a town in Phrygia, dest royed by A ch illes (seeIli ad , to be distinguished from the island of the sam e
nam e in line 156.
176. Lyrnes ia m oonta . A vpvna’
ads, the home of B riseis.
C f. xi i . 108 sq .
177 . t u e , &c.,‘ to say nothing about others,
’
se. whomA chilles slew .
178 . N em p e ,‘as everybody knows.
’ S ee on line 93.
J acet ,‘ lies dead.’ C f. Vi rg. A . 1 , 99 : A eacidae tela facet
179 sq .‘I claim these arm s on the ground of those by which
A chilles was de tec ted . I had given him those wh ile he lived :I demand these in return now that he i s dead . ’ V iv o d ed eram ,
se . i lla arma . P ost fata rep o sco , se. haec arma .
H ae c a rm a the arm our of A ch illes now under dispute .
I l li s a rm i s = the arm our which U lysses had brought intothe palace of Lycom edes
,and wh ich had led to the de tection
of A chill es under his disguise . S ee note on line 162 sq.
181. D olor un iu s ,‘the trouble of one, ’ viz . of M enelaus,
on account of the e lopem ent of Helen . P erven i t ad omnes ,
cam e hom e to all the Danai .’
182. A ulis was on the coast of B oeo tia, opposite to Chalcisin Euboea.
183 sq . The breezes, though long wai ted for , ei ther did no tb low at all, or b lew in opposi tion to the fleet . ’
184 . D urae sortes , the cruel oracles.
’
185. N atam,i .e . Iphigenia.
187 . A nd in the king the feelings of the father still survive .
’
Cf. line 147, where deus is equivalent to the blood of the gods,’
70 METAMORPHOSE S .
as herepater to the feelings of a father.’ Cf. also x11. 29 sq
Postquam pietatem pub lica causaR exque patrem y icit, castum que datura cruoremFlentibus an te aram ste ti t I phigenia m inistris.
E g o m i t e , &c. ,
‘I swayed to the pub lic weal the kindly disposi tion o f the father . ’ Euripides (Iph igenia in A ulide)gives adifferen t account . H e says that M enelaus, no t U lysses, persuaded A gam emnon to sacri fice his daugh ter, and I phigeniawas decoyed to A ulis by a le t ter of A gam emnon , no t by the
diplom acy of U lysses. S ee , however , I ph igenia in Tauris 24xafy.
’re
’
xvars 7.1717p napeto r’
err)7 d,u.ors’
Ae e'
ws.
190. I gained this di ffi cul t cause before a prejudiced judge , ’i . e . before A gam emnon who would no t be an im partial j udgein a case where the life of his daughter was at stake . C f. Hor .E p . 1 , 16, 43: quo causae teste tenentur. C ic. C aec . 24 , 67S cam/clam causam apud centum vz
’
ros non tenu isse. S o causam
obtinere,vincere .
191 sq . D at i sum m a scep tri ,‘ the chief comm and con
ferred on him .
’S ceptri imperi i , wi th allusion to I l iad, I 98
Zebs 37 7 1141 15” ak iirr'rpov.
192. Lau d em u t cum san gu in e p on set , to weigh renownagainst the b lood of his daughter . ’ The simple ablative wi thout cum is m ore usual
,e. g . Flor . 3, 15, 6 : C . Gracclzi caput
auropensatum ,weighed against gold
,i .e . paid for wi th itsweight
in gold . The force of the preposi tion is, to put renown toge therwi th b lood in the scales
,i . e . in opposi te scales . U lysses urges
A gam emnon to allow due we ight no t only to fatherly affec tion ,but also to the desire of glory .
193.
‘I am sent also to the m other (i .e . C lytaemnestra), whowas no t to be persuaded , but to b e deceived by cunning .Ulysses represented to C lytaemnestra that A gam emnon had
betrothed I phigenia to A chilles,and that for this reason she
should be sent to A ulis . S ee note on lin e 187.
194 . Telam on ius , A jax .
'
195.
‘The sails would even now be wi thout their favouringwinds.’ Cf. Hor. Epod. 9, 30 : Venus i turus non su is . Virg .
NOTES . 7 1
A . 5, 832 : ferunt sua fl am z’
na classem . C ic. M il. 33, 89M z
‘
lone occz'
so (Gladius)Izabuisset suos consules,‘consuls after
hi s own heart . ’
196. The m ission ofUlysses andMenalaus to Troy to demandthe restoration of Helen and the treasure is referred to in I li ad,l‘
205sq . and A 122 sq . I t was probably at the beginning ofthe war
,while the ci ty was still full ofwarriors. S ee next line.
A l tae ,’A 11rewfis.
201. A ntenor agreed wi th Priam that Helen should be restored.
202. S ub 1110, under the command of Paris.
203. One of the com panions of Paris suggested violence .
S ee I liad , A 14 1 Karaxrei’
uat éfie’
uev 35'
Axa106s.
N efandas ,‘sacrilegi ous, ’ because the violence was offered
to the sacred person of an ambassador .
204 . Thatwas the first daywhen I shared danger with you.
’
205. Lon g a rete rre m ora e st ,‘it would be tedious to re
count . ’ Latin often uses the indicative where in E nglish thesubjunctive or po tential is used , e .g . Ion um est ,
‘ it would betedious satius or m elius est
,
‘ it would e better .’
206. S p at i o si ,‘long-continued . ’ O vid often uses this ad
jective in reference to tim e , e .g . nox,H er. 1
, 9 ; tempus, A m .
1, 8 , 8 1 ; aevum , viii . 529 ; sen ectus, xii . 186. O ther writersuse it principally in reference to size .
207 . P os t a ci es prim as , after the first engagem ents.
’ Cf.Pac. ap. N on . 234 , 25 in aciecelebri objectans vitam .
209 . D em um ,‘at last . ’
211. Qu i s tuu s u su s erat,
‘of what servi ce were you ’
quem praebu isti usum . C f. Hor . S . 1,1 , 73
N escis quo valeat numus quem praebeat usum ?N am . I m ay fairly ask what your servi ces were , ‘for ’ mine
did not cease during this period .212. Fossas m un im in e cing o . In the I liad this is notrecogniz ed as a work of Ulysses.
72 ME TAM ORPHOSE S .
215. M i ttor, qu o p os tul at u su s . Forusus cf. Liv. 26, 43,7 unde terra m arique quae belli ususposcunt suppedz
’
tentur.
216 sq . A s narrated in I liad , B , Jupi ter sent to A gam emnona m isch ievous dream (ofixos dra pe s) holding o ut hopes of aspeedy conquest of Troy . A gam emnon thereupon summoned am ee t ing of the army
,and to test their inclinat ions
,suggested an
imm ediate re turn to Greece . To his surprise this suggestion wasimm ed iate ly approved
,and would have been put into execution
had U lysses no t intervened . E c ce J ovi s m on i tu . B ailey saysthe ancients used to call them m an iti som ni , in which the godsthemselves appeared . S o C laudian, concerning the gods
A ut alite monstrant,
A ut monitos certa dignantur imagine somnos.
’
217 . R ex ,A gamemnon.
218 . I lle , K ing A gam emnon . A uctore , Jupiter, bywhomhe had be en adm onished in the dream . S u am v ocem ,
‘his
proposal, ’ nam e ly , to give up the war. For wax , m eaningspoken words, ’ cf. l ine 235 and v . 28 Ferre, quad et m eri ti s
et voce estpactus . I t is unnecessary to read causam for vocem ,
as some edi tors do .
219.
‘A jax should no t al low this,and shoul d demand the
destruction of Troy , and should fight , which is all he can do . ’C f. the words of A jax in line 10
S ed necm ihi dicere promptum ,
N ec facere est isti , quantum que ego Marte ferociInque acie valco , tantum valet iste loquendo .
221.
‘Why does he no t take arm s and give an example for theunstable crowd to follow ,
’no t give advice for, ’ 810. (Bailey),
as the words arma capit show.
222. This was no t too m uch to expect from one who neverspoke save boastfully . ’ Cf. ix. 31 Pudu it m odo m agna lacu
tum Cedere . Hor . O . 4 , 6, 1 Ill agnae m’
na’
icem linguae , of a
vaunt ing tongue .
’ B ailey m isses the m eaning of the passage inexplaining m agna ZOquenti of persuasive eloquence.
225. N 00 m ora , ‘forthwith ,’as often.
74 ME TAMORPHOS ES .
239 sq . In line 100 sq . A jax had,in disparagement, attributed
all U lysses’ ach ievem ents to the aid of D iom ede . U lyssesreplies that to be selected by D iom ede as his com panion inservices of danger was no smal l honour . Ty d i d es , D iomede.M e cum com m un icat acta, i . e . m e saciam sum it actorum .
Cf. I liad, K 242 , sq .
ciMy 87; graph ye xeh eberé ,u.’
abrbv éAe’
aOat,wars by fr eer
"
dele te hadofunv,05r e
'
pr71h! rpdgopwu npabfn Ital 8117403 dyfiv .
24 1. E st a l iqu i d , ‘ i t is some thing,’ ‘i t counts for some
thing,
’a litotes m eaning ‘i t counts for a great deal . ’ C f. the
analogous use of aliqu is , Juv. 1, 74 : si vis esse aliqu is , if you
wish to be somebody . ’ S o the Greek, n s, Eur. E l. 939 : mixers
7 11 elyat .
24 8 sq . -S um tam en,&c. ,
‘I,however
,both despising the
dangers of the nigh t and the enem dared the deed, and slewD olon of the Phrygian nation w 0 m ade the sam e daringat temp t. ’ M erkel reads s ic instead of sum
,and ausum eadem
quae nos instead of ausus et ausum eadem translate , ‘ in suchwise (i . e . wi thout be ing appointed by the lot as A jax was, seeline however
,and despising the peri ls of the ni ght and the
enemy, I slay D olon, who ventured on the sam e servi ce as I .
’
Quae nos,sc. ausi sumus . D olon was a Trojan who went
as spy to the—
Greek cam p . Homer attributes his death and
that of R hesus to Diom ede, no t to Ulysses. S ee l oth book ofthe I li ad , commonly called A oAduera.
245. N on an te , se. interem i .
246 . Perfi da . R eferring to Laomedon’s breach of faithtowards A pollo
,Poseidon, and Hercules.
247 . N ee , qu od sp e cu lar-er, hab eb am ,‘nor had I aught
else to spy out.’
248 .
‘A nd I m ight now have returned with the promisedrenown, ’ referri ng to the words of N estor wi th regard to whoever shoul d ob tain the required information for the Greeks ;Iliad , K 2 12 sq . : ye
‘ya m of broupafmov nM‘os eln rdv'ras éir
'
dUOpém-ovs.
249 . E 0, se. quad amnia cognoram , (we.
N OTES . 75
250. Perem i . S ee note on line 243.
252.
‘I enter (se. castra ,the G recian camp)in the cap tured
chario t, after the fash ion of joyful trium phs.
’ The com parisonwi th a R om an trium ph is suggested by the circum stance thatthe horses of R hesus were snowy whi te , and his chariot richlyornamented. S ee I liad , K 437 sq .
AevxbreporXiduos, Oefew 5’
dug/4 0117 111 6710701,apud be
'
ofxpvo'
tji re Kai dp'
yrf
prp eb fioxnrar.
C ap t ivus is often applied to inanimate things, e . g . Virg . A .
2, 765 : captiaaque vestis . I m i tan te . Cf. the sim ilar use inJim 7. 42
In qua (se. dom o)sollicitas irni taturjanua portas,
‘ resemb les.
’11. 2 : fl ammas im itantepyrapo . Hor. Ep. 2 , 1 ,
207
Lana Tarentino violas im i tata veneno .
253 sq . U lysses says ironically — ‘R efuse m e the armour ofhim (se . A chilles)whose horses an enemy (se . Dolon)had demanded as his reward for a night’s service .
’ D olon under tookto go as a spy to the Greek cam p on condi tion of receiving thehorses of A chilles as his reward . S ee I liad , K 32 1 sq
dAA’dye 1101 7 0axfirr'rpov audaxeo , Raf 574 06 6 011
77 robs 77r7rovs re oral 67074017 0. 1rouca xaAnq'
?
béaew 02 (pope'
ovorw 574 15
740110: t ei’
wua.
Fu eri tq u e b eni g n i or, &c.,
and A jax will have been moreliberal ’ (towards m e), for A jax had in line 102 assented (ironically)to giving U lysses a share of the arm s. The im perativenegate takes the place of a condi tional sentence, as in xi i . 400da calla caputque Castare dzgnus
255 sq. S arpedon ,a Lycian prince , who had come as an
auxiliary to the Trojans,being wounded by Tlepolemus
, wasob liged to leave the fight . Many of his followers were thereupon slain byU lysses, as narrated in I liad , E 677 sq
! v6’5we Kofpavov eTAeV
’
A7t ai
o~ropcfre Xpdmdv re"AM avbpdv O
WAM JV re Nofmoyd re 11,067 0:v re.
76 ME TAMORFE'
OS ES .
258 . Cum , the conjunction. M ult o sang u ine , ablative ofmode .
257 . The addi tion of the epi the t Iphitides seems to rest onlyon the au thori ty of Ovid .
258 . Th is line is found word for word in Virg. A . 9, 767.The lengthening of que by arsis is an im itation of the Greek ,and is found for the m ost part in the second or fifth foot of theHexam e ter, and before another word wi th gu t . Cf. i . 193iii . 530 ; iv. v . 484 , &c.
259 sq . The warriors here nam ed were slain byUlysses inthe affair referred to in line 7 1 . S ee I liad
, A 422 sq
abrap (r e tro: 9 6mm xal”Evvop ov éEevds ev,
Xepmadhavra 8’{ t etra
5 5’5p Irrrrcw ionvXdporr
’
ob’
raae Bovpf.
O vid seem s to have confused toge ther the Trojan Ennomus and
the M ysian of the sam e nam e m entioned in I liad , B 858 sq .,
whose skill in augury failed to avert death oz’
m o iwuo’
z‘
aw
ép6aaaro ufipa p ékawav).
261. Qu i qu e m inu s ce leb res e t alios m inus celebres, qui .
262. E t to be taken wi th vulnera, ‘I have wounds too .
’
268 . I p so p u l ch ra lo co , i .e . the wounds were in front, no tin the back
,and therefore received in honourable combat , no t in
fl ight . For a sim ilar appeal see S allust , Jug . 85, where Mariussays z— N on possum fi dez
’
caussa im ag ines neque triumplzos, autconsu latus m ajoram m aarum ostentare at, sz
’
res postulei ,harms , vexz
'
llum, phaleras , alz
'
a m z'
lz'
tarz'
a dona praeterea ,cz
'
ca trz'
ces adverso corpore. N e e van i s c red i te verb is , wi threference to the insinuation of A jax , line 9
Tutius est igi tur fictis contendere verbis.
N ee necsolum .
265. A i t , a dissyllab le. In this word a and z'
are usuallypronounced as two le t ters if the z
’
is followed by a consonant ;o therwise ai
’
are treated as a diphthong , as in az'
ebam .
NOTE S . 77
266 sq . N il inp endi t sangu in i s in soci os , ‘has ex
pended no b lood on his com panions in arm s.
’ C f. C ic. Ve rr . 2 ,4 , 30, 68 : a t operam , curam , pecum
'
am z’
mpendant in eas
268 sq. U lysses proceeds to show that the rescue of the flee t ,fo r wh ich A jax (in line 9 1 sq .) claim s credi t , was equallydue to the exertions of o thers. D istingui sh réfert and réfert.P e lasg a ,
Grecian .
270. M a l i gn e , spi tefully,’ often also ‘
st ingily , ’ as in Hor .Ep. 2
,r, 209 ; lauda re m a ligne, dam n wi th fain t praise .
’
27 1 sq . D e tractare ,
‘depreciate , ’ li t . pull down wi th violence ,lower in est imation . C f. v . 246 : D etractas etiam laadam . S ed
n e , &c.,
‘but let him no t engross to him self what is jointproperty . ’ For com m un ia , see note on l ine 239 : comm um cat
acta . Cf. i . 135sq
C ommunemque prius ceu lum ina solis et aurasC antus hum um longo signavi t lim i te m ensor.
A li qu em , emphatic,as in iv. 536 a lz
'
gua at m z'
lzz'
gratia
ponto est.
273. A ct ori d e s , i .e . Patroclus, the grandson of A ctor, towhom A ch illes lent his arm our. S ee I liad , n 124 sq . R ep
p u l i t is em phatic , the sense being— A jax , indeed , fought indefence of the ships, but i t was Patroclus who drove back theTrojans.
274 . A b arsuri s , &c.,from the sh ips which were in danger
of being burned toge ther w ith their defender
275. sq S ee no te on line 87.
276. A gam emnon and six o ther heroes,besides Ulysses and
A jax, volunteered to encounter He ctor.
277 . Though he was but ninth (last of nine?in offering his
serv ice , and was preferred by the favour of the o t.’ A ccord ing
to I liad,H 168
, U lysses h im se lf was the ninth,while A jax was
th ird . S iebelis, however, thinks nonus m eans one (no t neces.sarily the last)of nine.
’
7s ME TAMORPHOSE S .
278 . Eventu s , result . ’ Cf. C ic. de Or. 2,15, 63 in
rebus magn is m em on’
ague d ignis consi lia prim um ,deinde acta,
posted even tus exspectantur. V e strae , i .e . ofA jax andHec tor,
no t, of course , for tuus . Forti ssim e ,‘my brave warrior .
’
I ronical .
279. H e ct or ab i t . M erke l reads est Hector. V i o latu s
vu ln e re nul lo . Hom er,on the contrary
,says Hector received
a slight wound . S ee I liad , H 260 sq .
280sq .
‘Wo e is m e ! W i th what pain am I compelledto recal l the tim e when A chi lles, the bulwark of the Greeks,fell ! ’
M e m i serum . R oby observes that such accusatives in ex
clam ations are really governed by som e verb unde rs tood . The
particular verb is often qui te unim portant,and probab ly no t
di stinctly conceived . The substantive has usually an obliquepredicate . M em in i properly governs a g en . when i t m eans‘ call to m ind,
’
an ace . when i t m eans bear in m ind , ’ as m aybe seen by comparing the present passage with C ic. Piano . 33Qu i sunt bon i cives , n isi gu i patriae beneficia mem inerunt ?
281. Gre tam (genitive)m um s,im itation of Specs, m in or
’Axau3v.
283. H um o sub lim e . S ublime,as distinguished from sub
Iatum,denotes a continued state see C ic. Tusc. 1 , 102 Theo
dori qu idem n ihil interest hum ine an sublim eputescat.
284 . The A ethiopis of A rctinus described the fight over thebody of A chilles, but represented it as having been carried off
by A jax , no t U lysses (Haupt). D ryden translates this passage :
‘Those arm s,whi ch ou these shoulders then I bore,
’Tis just you to these shoulders should restore ;You see I wan t no t nerves
,who could sustain
The ponderous ruins of so great a man ;O r if in o thers equal force you find,N one is endued wi th a m ore grateful m ind .’
285. A nd I carried (on my shoulders)at the sam e time the
weapons, which now also I am anxious to carry 03 (i . e . win).
NOTES . 79
Observe the play on the two meanings offero, and for the latterof them cf. Hor . A . P . 343:
Omne tulit punc tum qui m iscuit utile dulci .
For lab oro cf. Hor . Ep . 1 , 3, 1 sq
Juli Flore , quibus terrarum militet orisC laudius A ugusti privignus, scire laboro .
286 sq . Ulysses replies to the allegation of A jax in lines103- 1 19, that he wou ld be unab le to use the arm our.
286. I have strength sufficiently robust for such a weight. ’
287 .
‘I have at'
any rate a heart thatwill be sensible of (knowhow to value)the honours you confer .
’
288 . S ci l i cet , ‘of course ’used when an assertion that is
obviously false is ironically m ade,or accepted as t rue . C aern la
m at e r , the sea-goddess The tis, who was m o ther of A chilles ,and besough t Vulcan to supply her son with arm our . S ee
I liad, 2 457 sq .
roux/errat yfiv rd (rd yo iivae’
{R i va/Mu , e’
l n’
éGe’Apa
’Oa
vie? dmvpdpcp c’
w’m’
8a ital rpvtpoi
Aetav, x. r. A .
C f. note on line 962 .
289. A m b i t i o sa fu i t ambz’
z’
t,‘begged fawningly, urgently
cf. Ov. Pont . 3, 1,83sq
S ed tam en hoc factis adjunge prioribus unum ,
Pro nostris ut sis ambi tio sa m alis.
290. S in e p e c tore , ‘wi thout in telli gence ’ or ‘judgm ent ’excors. C f. line 326. S iebelis explai ns ‘wi thout a sense o f
the beau tiful .
’
291. C l i p e i caelam ina , ‘the subjects engraved on hi s shield . ’Lewis and S hort say the word caelam en was probab ly form edby O vid.
293. P le i ad e s , called Vergiliae by the R omans,were the
daughters of A tlas and Pleione . The nam e is derived bysom e from 1rA e
’
w,as the opening and close of navigation was
m arked by their rising and se t ting . A no ther e tymology m akesthem doves (weA eidaes)flying before the hunter Orion. H yadas ,
80 ME TAM ORPHOSE S .
sisters of the Pleiades . The R omans called them S uculae,
p iglings , as i f the nam e were derived from 5s . The t ruee tym ology is 6m, as thei r rising marks the beginning of therainy season . The ir num ber is comm only sai d to be seven,the sam e as that of the Pleiades. I nm u n em q u e aeq u ori s
A rct on , because never sinking below the horizon in our
hem isphere . Cf. 0d . 6 275
017) 8’
dup opds e’a’
rt Aoerpé‘
w’Q ifeavoio .
294 . D iversasq u e urb es ,‘and the two different ci ties
I f the reading of the text be co rrect,diversas refers to the fact
that o ne of the ci ties is enjoying peace while the o ther is in a
state of siege . C f. S ue t . A ug . 86 ; Cacozelos et an tiquarias , u t
d iversa gen ere'v itiosos
, pari fastz’
dio spre'
vit . Haupt conjecturesd z
'
versosgu e orbes or d iversosgue polos , ‘ the opposi te poles.
’
The re is m uch we ight in his objection that Ulysses would havebeen very unlikely to deny A jax the power of understandingwhat was represented by the two ci t ies , and that the m entionof the c ities i s ve ry awkwardly introduced in the m ids t of a listof constellat ions . I t is to be observed that while the earth
,the
heavens,the sea
,and the several conste llat ions that are named
in the original Greek (quo ted below)are reproduced in the text ,there is no counterpar t for the words
’He
’
Auiv r’iurcipuwra ZeM
’wnv re wAfiOovJ av.
I f,therefore
, dz’
versos orbes could m ean'
the d ifferent orbs ofthe sun and m oon
,
’
i t would fall in wel l with the context. Orbis
is used of the d isc of the m oon,vi i . 530 sq
D um que quate r junctis implevit cornibus orbemLuna
, quater plenum tenuata re texui t orbem ;
and of the sun,Virg . G . 1
, 458 sq
A t si,cum refere tque d iem condetque relatum ,
Lucidus orbis eri t, frustra terrebere nim b is.
This whole passage is an im i tat ion of I liad , 2 483év pew
'
yal‘
awerevfi’
, év 8'
obpavbv, e’
u at OdAaO'O'av’
He’
A tdv r'
dxdp avra EeAfivnv re wAfiGo ur/av,év at rd refpea n a
i
rra rot r'
o r’
zpavbs eare¢ évwrat,l
'
lAni‘
aiBas 9’
rdaa. 're rd re 0'
9e'
vos'
Optwvos"
A pnrov 9p ! Ka i dnaEav brink/yaw nak e’
ouaw,
45r'
abro i} arpé<perai Kai r’ ’
fl ptwva Bonnier,
0177 8’W opds {an Aoerpé
‘
w’
Oxeayoi’
o .
82 ME TAMORPHOSE S .
the construction cf. S all . C . 1 , 2 : alterum nobis cum dis,alterum cum beluz
'
s comm une est. For the idea cf. C ic. Tuse . 1 ,
17, 39 : errare mehercule mala cum Platone, quam cum istis
305. I lle , A chil les.
306 . I n m e. Emphatic,in contrast wi th vobis quoque in
next line.
307 . D i gna pud ore , shameful imputations .
’
310. N au p liades , Palamedes : see line 39.
I fPalam ede unjustly fell byme ,
Your honour suffered in the unjust decree .
’
D RYDEN .
311. Patens ,‘evident, manifest
,
‘as in ix. 537 : N eccausa
suspirz'
a m ota patenti . I n 1110, in his case .
’
312. Praest o q u e objecta p at eb an t., and (the charges, sc.
crzm zna crzm zna tzo)b eing presented before you were evident. ’
Praesto is Merkel’ s em endat ion for pretia, and is to be j oinedwi th objecta ,
as in praesto'vzd eo
, praesto adesse cf. also w’
sum
objectam ,speci es objecta in C icero . I f pretzo be re tained, the
m eaning is ‘and by the bribe (i . e . the gold found 111 the tent of
Palam edes) the charges I brough t were plainly estab lished ,’
objecta be ing som ewhat harshly equivalent to quae ez objeceram .
313. Vu l can ia Lem n os . Lemnos was sacred to Vulcan,who is said to have fallen there when Zeus hurled him downfrom O lym pus . I t bears marks of volcani c action
, though i tsvolcano (Méo' uXAos)is now extinct.
318 sq . N on hae c , &c.
‘ this advi ce was not only given ingood faith , but was fortunate too , although i t was enough thati t shoul d be in good fai th W i th fidelem understand sententiam .
320. V ates , Calchas and Helenus.
321.
‘D o no t entrust m e wi th the m ission : A jax will bettergo, ’ &c. I ronical allusion to A jax lacking eloquence (eloguz
‘
um)and tact (callidas arte).
NOTE S . 83
323. Produ oet ,‘entice him from his retreat.’ Cf. Petr.
126 dom inam product? e latebris .
324 . S imilar illustrations to express impossibili ty are frequentboth in Lat in and Greek authors, e .g . xiv. 37 sq . Ov. Pont .4 , 5, 4 1 sq . E ur. M ed . 409 . Observe here how the languageis adapted to the special surroundings of the speaker , the S imoisand Ida being in the imm ediate neighbourhood .
325. For stare used of a mountain, cf. Hor. O . 1, 9, I Vz'
des
ut alta stet n ine candidum S oracte.
326. C essant e , &c. , my judgment proving rem iss for yourinterests.
’Pectus is often used for the seat of the understand
ing as well as of the affec tions. C f. line 290 and Plant . Trin.
1,2, 53: haben tu am z
’
cum guoz'
pectus sapiat Al so xv. 63oculzspectorzs, the m ind’s eye .
’
328 . Li ce t , ‘although .’ S oci i s , ‘ thy com rades.
’ R eg i ,A gamemnon.
329 . Exsecrere . R eferring to line 48 .
330. D evov eas,
‘devote to the infernal gods, ’ i .e., curse.
Cf. Ov. Fast. 6, 738
D evovit matum credulus i lle suum .
331. Ti b i ,‘ into your power.’ N ostrum = meum . S ee
my note on Calpurnias 1 , 14 .
332. Thi s line is rejected by Haup t . The words form an
anticlimax to haurire cruorem . I t is awkward to introduce u t
after cap i’
as , seeing that the constru c tion with the infini tive hasoccurred twice in the preceding line and final ly u i would haveto be translated twice in different senses ‘
and that as I had
power over you , so you should have power over me .
’ The line
seem s to be a reminiscence of iii . 391
A nte,ait
,emoriar
, quam sit tibi copia nostri .If it be retained i t shoul d doub t less
,as Gierig observes
,be
placed after the line te tamen adgrediar, &c.
333. For the fulfilm ent of the promise here given,see line
399 sq. Instead of m ecum que reducere n itar, amarginal note insome good M S S . gives longeform z
'
a'
inepulsa.
F 2
84 ME TAMORPHOSES .
334 sq.
‘I shall as surely , i f only fortune favour m e , makemyself master o f your arrows, as I di d of the D ardanian seerwhom I took captive .
’Dardani o vate . Helenus : see line
99°
337 . S i g num p enet ra le M inervae . The Palladium . Forpenetrale, adj . (the statue in the recesses of the temple), cf.V1rg . A . 2 , 297
A eternumque adytis efl'
ert penetralibus ignem .
338 . C onferat . M erkel reads comparat ; but conferat issupported by line 6 : et m ecum confertur Ulixes
339. This line contains Ulysses’ answer to line 93, note on
whi ch see for meaning of nempe. 1110. The Palladium .
344 . S ua. aedo , from her temple.
’
347 . Would have wiel ded wi th his left hand the seven ox
h ides (which composed hi s shield). Cf. l ine 2 . In V irg . A .
1, 368, the form tergum is used of an ox-h ide
Taurino quantum possent ci rcumdat e tergo .
Gestare m pap .
348 . I l la. n o cte,se. qua tapui signum M inervae . M ihi
Trojae , &c.,
‘ the victory over Troy (objective genitive)waswon byme .
’
349. I conquered Troy when I made it conquerable .’
350sq .
‘C ease pointing out my friend D iom ede to m e byl ooks and whispers he has hi s own share of credi t . ’ In i l lo .In D iomede Tydides) som e edi tions read in i llis
,
‘ thoseachievements ave their own degree of credit,
’ which wouldrefer to the exploi ts perform ed by U lysses and D iomedetogether. S ee line 102 .
354 . M inorem ,
‘ inferior .’
356.
‘Would him self too be a competitor for the arm our .’
N OTE S . 85
M oderat lor,‘the less presum ptuous A jax
,
’ i .e . A jax theson of O ileus For m oderati or
,cf. xiv. 617 sq
R emulus maturior annis
Fulm ineo periit, im i tato’
r fulm inis,ictu ,
Frat re suo sceptrum m oderatiorA cro ta fortiTradit A ventino .
A cro ta was less presum ptuous than his b rother R emulus,who
dared to im itate the thunderbolt.
357 . E u rypy lu s , son of Euaemon and Ops. A ndraem on e
n a tu s , Thoas.
358 . Pat r ia ead em, C re te .
359 . M ajor i s frater A tri dae , brother of A gamemnon, i . e .
Menelaus. Cf. xii . 618
N on m inor A trides,non bello major et aevo
Po scere .
360sq .
‘ S ince they are brave in action, and no t inferior tom e in war, it was to my supe riority in counsel that they yielded .
Your right hand is serviceable in war i t is your m ind requi resmy guidance . You have physical strength without judgment ;I have foresight for the future .
’
366. A ntelt , dissyllable.
363 sq. N ecn on in co rp o re n ost ro , &c. ,‘ in like manner
,
in the fram e of us m en,the understanding has the advantage
over physical strength : all energy li es in i t. ’ Corpus hereseem s to be used in a wider sense than in line 365, where it isopposed to the m ind (an im us).
370. V i g i li , substantive .
‘Your watchman ’ DRYDEN .
371. Qu ibu s anxi u s eg i , sc. aevum .
‘During whi ch Ilived in anxiety . ’ C f. Tac. A . 3, 38 Thracia discors agebat.G ierig reads curis quas instead of cum qu ibus. Curam agereoccurs Liv. 8 , 3, 8 R oman i tanquam de S am n itibus non de se
curam agerent. For the rare ab lative of t im e throughout which ,see R oby , 1 184 , 1 185. Mr. Purser regards quibus as an instrumental ablati ve .
86 METAMORPHOS E S .
372.
‘Grant this renown (i . e . of obtaining the arms ofA chilles)in requital for myservices.
’ Cf. iv. 645 Izunopraedaet i
'
tulam 7 0m na tus habebit,i . e .
‘ the renown of ob taining thi sbooty . ’ M eri t i s p en san d um n o stri s . To be put in the
scale against m y services : cf. line 192. S eut . A ug . 25 N am
m in i'
ma com m oda non m in im o sectantis d iscrim ine sim iles a iebat
esse aureo hum o piscantibus, cujus abrupti damnum nu lla
captura pensari posset.
373. J am lab o r , &c. ,‘our toi l is now drawing to a close .
’
Ob s tan t ia fata . Troy could no t be taken as long as the
Palladium rem ained wi th the Trojans. Cf. line 339.
374 . Cf. line 349.
375. S p es so ci as , ‘our common hopes, ’ ‘ the hopes we
share .
’
376. D eos,the Palladium .
378 . I fyet some desperate action rests behindThat asks high conduct and a daun tless m ind . ’
DRYDEN .
379 . This l ine is rejected by Haupt as spurious, on accountof the end of the line rhym ing with the middle , a charac teristicof m ed ieval Latini ty (cf. line 230, 461, and my note on O v.
Pout. 1 , 1 , and as being a frigid repeti tion of the sense ofthe preceding lines.
381. H u i c,1. e . the Palladi um ,
to which he points as he usesthe word . C f. Ter. H eaut . 3, 1 , I lucescit hocjam ,
it is ge t tinglight there
,
’i . e . in the sky, to which the speaker points.
Fatal e , ‘ fate-fraught,
’on wh ich depended the destiny of
Troy , no t deadly ,’as Lewis and S hort explain.
382. M anu s , the band of chiefs .
’
385. U nam non su st in et iram ,‘anger alone he cannot
withstand . ’
386. Observe the alliteration.
388 .
‘This, he says, I must use against myself.’
389. D om ini,
‘its owner.’ Cf. line 2 ,
N OTE S . 87
391 sq .
‘He said,and plunged his deadly sword , the whole
length of the blade,into his breast
,which then
,and no t t ill then,
received a wound . ’ E n sem q u a. p atu i t; ferrum . Cf. thesomewhat analogous construction
, V irg . A . 4 , 193
N unchiem em inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere,the winter
,through all its length ’ : ih. 8
,86
Thybris ea fluvium ,quam longa est
,nocte tumentem
Leniit,
‘the night through all its length .’ S oph . A jax , 899 : v tpafcppaa
'
yafvcp rrepurrvxfis.
393. E ducere ,‘ to draw out.
’ C 1. Virg. A . 10, 744 : hocdz
'
cens eduxit corpore telum .
394 . The b lood i tself forced it out.’
395sq . The flower referred to is the hyacinth , which in x .162 sq . is said to have sprung from the b lood of Hyacinthus.
Hyacinthus is here regarded as son of O ebalus, but in x . 162,as son of A myclas.
397 . In the m iddle of the leaves is inscri bed a letter comm onto the boy (Hyacinthus)and the man (A jax), in the one casestanding for the nam e
,in the other for the cry of woe .
’ The
le tters referred to are A I , said to be traceab le in the veins orfibres of the hyacinth . The construction of the last words seem sto be— the lat ter le t ter the le t ter in the case of the m an
,be
longs to the name (viz . A fas); the form er let ter the le tter inthe case of the boy, belongs to the cry of woe (cf ut tered byA pollo when Hyacinthus died . For the singular littera usedof the diphthong A I
,cf. x. 2 15sq .
I pse suos gem itus fo liis inscribit, e t A I A IFlos habe t inscriptum ,
funestaque li t tera dueta est.
The hyacinth here spoken of, as Lewi s and S hort observe,
is no t the flower to which we apply that nam e,but the b lue
iris (Iris Germanica), the corn-flag or gladiolus (Gladiolus communis), or the rocke t larkspur (D elphinium A jacis). The lastnam ed plant is said by S iebelis to have on i ts leaves a borderA lA , wh ich mi ght easily give rise to the fab le.
399—575. The transformation of Hecuba into a dog .Hecuba
,the wife of Priam
,fell to the share of U lysses in the
division of the booty after the capture of Troy. H er daughter
88 ME TAM ORPHOSES .
Polyxena was sacrificed to appease the shade of A chilles,and
her son Polydorus was m urdered for his m oney by Polym estor,king of Thrace
,to whose care he had been ent rusted b Priam .
To avenge this t reacherous m urder,Hecuba induced Po ymestor
to com e to an interview, at which , with the assistance of otherTrojan cap tives, she tore out his eyes. S he was thereupon turnedinto a dog wh ile flying from the Thracians, who pursued herwi th stones and other m issiles.
The subjec t,which is unknown to Homer, was treated in the
’
lAfov 1re'
ptn s of A rctinus. O vid has drawn largely on the Euripidean dramas
‘
Emi
Bn and q oai
aes. S eneca treated of thesame subject in hisTroades or He cuba, and Theorus representedit p ictorially on the walls of the Porticus Philippi at R om e .
Haup t bracke ts as doub tful lines 404—407, 409—4 17, for thefollowing reasons : Priam ’
s death is m entioned twice— lines404 and 409 ; H ecuba
’
s transform ation, described in line 567, isantic ipated in lines 404—407 the carrying o ff of the prisoners isdescribed in lines 4 12 sq . and 4 20 sq. post om n ia in line 405 isobscure ; the connexion be tween lines 407 and 408 , 408 and 409,4 14 and 4 15, is no t apparent .
399 . U lysses being victorious in the contest for the arms,goes to Lemnos, in fulfilm ent of his promise in line 333, tofetch Ph ilocte tes.
When the Lemnian wom en killed all the m en in the island ,Hypsipyle saved the life of her father Thoas by concealing him .
This event Was prior to the A rgonautic expedi tion, and whenJason touched at the island Hypsipyle was queen .
400.
‘Lands notorious for the murder o f husbands in form ertimes.
’ Cf. V irg . A . 6, 527 : (s erans)jam am exstingu i
veterum sicposse m alorum,crimes in former times ’ ; ih. 449
in veterem revolutafigu ram .
401. T iryn th ia t e la , the arrows of Hercules, who wasbrought up at Ti ryns in A rgolis.
402. D om in o com i tan te , their owner (Philocte tes)accompany ing them .
’Cf. line 2 clipei dom inus septemplicis.
403 ‘A t length the finish ing touch was given to the war.
’
Cf. Vi rg . A . 7, 572
N ecm inus interea extremam S aturnia belloImponit regina manum.
90 M ETAM ORPHOS ES .
4 15. A styanax, son of Hector and A ndromache, after the
taking of Troy , was hurled from the walls byU lysses that hem igh t no t restore the kingdom . Cf. S eneca
,Troad . 108 1 sq .
4 16. Pro s e , i . e . for A styanax . Proav i ta,
ancestral ’ : li t.belonging to hi s great-grandfather, i . e . Laom edon.
4 18 . B oreas . The north wind would be favourab le for thereturn to Greece . S e cun d o
,
‘favourable .
’
4 19 . C arb asa m o ta. s onan t , ‘the sails flap .
’ Carbasus,
f. sing . ; carbasa ,11. pl . , properly ‘fine linen
,
’then used in the
sense of sails ’ as we use canvas.
’
421. Pat r iae fum an t ia t e cta , ‘the smoking houses of theirnative ci ty.’ For this use ofpatria cf. Virg . A . 2 , 24 1
O patria, O divum domus I lium , et inclita belloM o enia D ardanidum !
423. H ecab e . M erkel reads Hecuba,and inserts est after it
,
in order to avoid lengthening the final a . The Greek form is,however, doub tless correct . Cf. iv. 542 : Leucothee.
425. D ul ich iae m anu s , the hands of Ulysses. Cf. line 107.
Tam en un iu s , &c.,‘
yet of one , namely, Hector, she collected the ashes
,and having collected them
, bore them wi th herin her b osom .
’ The i in a lterius is usually short (Plautus andTerence some tim es m ake i t long), in alius (gen. contraction ofali-ius)always long ; in other genitives in ius comm on. Haurire
to dig up, to p ick up , t o gather up . C f. vi ii . 538 :
Post cinerem,cineres hausto s ad pectora pressant,
after burning the corpse (se . of M eleager), they scrape up, collect , the ashes and press them to their breasts.
’xiv. 136
ego pu lverz‘
s haus ti Ostend i cum u lum,
‘a heap of dust scraped
toge ther . ’ xi . 185 sq . hum um efl oa’it terraegue in
m urm urat haustae,‘ the ground dug up.
’ Cf. line 526 : haustusharena e
,a handful of sand . ’
427 . C anum d e v ert i ce crin em , a grey lock of hair fromher head . ’ Cf. i ii . 506, and 0d . 8 197 sq
raiird vv it al yépas 07011 6704107011 Bporoi’
m ,
xefpaaOat re xdmjv BaA e‘ew r
'
&wb Sd v waperéir.
N OTE S . 9 :
428 . I nferi as in op es , ‘
poor offering to the shades.
’
429 . sq . There is opposi te Phrygia, where Troy stood , a landinhab ited by B istonians,
’viz . Thrace .
432. Phry gi i s ab a rm i s,from the wars in Phrygia, i .e . the
Troad . A ccordi ng to I liad , T 407, Polydorus was slain byA chi lles. O vi d follows the version of Eurip ides.
433 sq .
‘A prudent plan ,had he no t sent wi th him a reward
for treachery, nam ely,great wealth, an incentive to a covetous
m ind . ’ Cf. ix. 133
Dat munus raptae velut inritamen amoris,
an incentive to love, ’ love charm .
’
436. R ex Thracum ,Po lym estor. Thrax=Thracian. 7 7zrex
or Thraex a gladiator equipped in the Thracian fashion.
J u g u lo q u e , &c. ,and plunged i t into the throat ofhisward,
foster-son .
’
jugulo is dative , as in iii . 694 sq .
cruciataque diris
C orpora torm entis S tygiae dem i tti te nocti .
Cf. xi i . 276 sq
sonum dedit, ut dare ferrumIgne rubens plerumque sole t , quod forcipe curvaC um fabe r eduxi t, lacubus dem itti t.
438 .
‘He threw the lifeless Polydore from a rock into thewaves which lay beneath .
’
439. B el ig arat , had moored . ’ A trides , A gamemnon.
44 1. Ovid follows Euripides in m aking the appearance of theshade of A ch illes take place in Thrace
,while the older tradi t ion
,
as found in the ’IA iov 1re’pa s and m‘iarm ,
represents i t as prior tothe departure of the flee t from Trojan land . Q u an tu s cumv iv ere t: e sse so leb a t ,
‘life size .
’ Haupt regards the som e
what ob scure esse solebat = erat as one of the expressions whi ch,
in the lat ter books of the Metam orphoses, indicate the want ofa final revision.
442. S im i l i squ e m inan t i,
‘ like one threatening. ’ Cf.Hor . S . 2 , 5, 92 : m ultum s im ilis metuenti ,
9 2 ME TAMORPHOSES .
443 sq .
‘H e exhibited again the stern countenance of thattim e when he angrily assailed A gam em non wi th lawless sword . ’R eferring to the quarrel be tween A gam emnon and A chillesabout B riseis
,described in the first book of the I liad , when it
was only by the intervent ion of M inerva that A chilles wasrestrained from drawing his sword . R e fereb at . C f. Juv. 1 ,
66 : m ultum referens de Maecenate sup ino, strongly recallingthe lazy Maecenas.
’
444 . Pet i i t, an instance of the retention of the naturally longquanti ty of the last syllab le . Cf. abi i t, i . 1 14 ; aa
’
i i t,ix. 611
interi i t, ii i . 546.
446. Obru ta,
‘buried . ’ V irtu t i s grat ia ,
‘gratitude for myvalour. ’
447 . N e faci te . Cf. xv . 140. This construction is almostconfined to poe try. In prose a periphrasis with noli or cave ism ore comm on . S ee R oby, 1597 . M eum sep u lchrum . S eenote on line 452 . U t n on ,
poetic licence for ne.
448 .
‘Let the sacrifice of Polyxena appease the departedspirit of A chilles.
’
P lacet,from placare, ‘ to appease ’
; pla'
cet,
from placere, ‘ to please .
’ M an e s , euphem istically applied tothe Spiri ts of the departed , and here , as often , used in the pluralof one indi vidual , is derived from the old adject ive m anus
= good,which appears in z
'
mman is , originally meaning ‘un
canny,
’and then ‘m onstrous, ’ ‘huge .
’
449 . Paren ti b u s , obeying ,’ from pareo distinguishpa
'
ren
450. M atri s , Hecuba. Polyxena was almost the only surviving chil d of Hecuba.
451.
‘Daun tless in spite of hermisfortunes and her sex.
’
452. B u s t o . This tomb must have b een a cenotaph erectednear the ships, as the b ody of A chilles was buried on the
S igean prom ono tory. S ee note on line 3.
453. M om o r i p sa su i , remembering herself, i .e. her royaldescent .454 . A dm o ta est . Thi s is the technical expression forplacing the vic tim at the altar . Cf. Tac. A . 2 , 69 : admotas
lzostias (se . aris).
455. N eoptolemus, also called Pyrrhus, the son of A chilles,as being nearest relative, makes the offering.
NOTES . 93
457 . J am dudum,
‘immediately, ’ ‘at once
,
’as often in the
poets, e .g . Virg . A . 2 , 103 jamjudum sum itepoenas. G eneroso san gu in e , my nob le b lood .
’
458 . N u l la m ora e st :‘I am ready . ’ Cf. xi . 161 injudice,
d ixit,nulla m ora est. Qu in te lum cond e
,
‘nay, plunge your
sword,
’850.
.
Cf. Pl . M ost . 584 : Qu in vos m ihi foenus date.
Qu id Izicnugam in i ?‘just give m e the interest . ’ Ter. A ndr .
45 S ed Izocm ihi m olestumst. Qu in tu uno“verba die
, qu id est
guod m e 'velis,
‘just tell m e in aword . ’ R oby derives this use ofguz
’
n wi th imperat . from its employment as an interrogativeim plying an exhortation
, e .g . guz‘
n urges‘why not press
C f. Pl. Trin. 29-1 Qu in prius m e ad plures penetra
'vi ? ‘Why
did I not betake m yself to the dead ? ’ C f. Eur. H ec. 563sq .
38015, r65’
ei p év are'
puoxl , 3»veaufa,watery rpoevjuei
‘
, 1ra70'
0v,ei 8’ 1511
’
ar’
ixe'
ua
xpr’
jfezs, rrdpecrrt Aaijubs er’
trpewhs tide.
460sq.
‘Would I,Polyxena, forsooth , consent to be a slave
to anyone, or will you by such a sacrifice appease any deity i”B oth in line 460 and the following, Haupt reads baud for aut ,and places a full stop at the end of line 461 . I f this readingbe adopted
,the sense is— kill m e if you will ; I , Polyxena,
would no t , of course , consent to be a slave to anyone , norwillyou by such an offering appease any deity . Haupt , however,regards line 461 as an interpolation , on accoun t of its rhym ingform
,and as being perhaps inconsistent wi th line 467.
462. Fallere , be concealed from .
’
463. Ob est,
troub les m e.
’ For quam v i s , wi th indicative,cf. ix. 125 quamvis opefi dis equ ina . This const ruction is veryrare in prose . I t is necessary to note that , in m any sentences,quamv is qualifies the adjective only, and then does not affectthe m ood of the verb .
465. Cf. Eur. H ec. 56!
i v vexpo i‘
ar'
ydpGodiva xexM
’
jaOat BamA ls 060"aio‘xdvouat.
467 . A ccep t i or,‘m ore agreeab le
,
’ ‘acceptab le .
’Lewis and
S hort say acceptas is related to g ratus , as the effect to thecause : he who is gratus, i . e . dear , is on that account d eceptus ,welcom e
,acceptable : hence the usual position gratus atque
deceptus .
94 METAMORPHOS ES .
471. N on cap t iva ,she is about to be freed by death. I n
em p tum ,unransom ed . ’
472 sq . Let herno t buy the sad privilege of sepulture withgold
,but by her tears when she could she was ready to buy it
(viz . perm ission t o bury her chi ldren)wi th gold also,
’se . as
wel l as wi th tears, referri ng to the ransom of the body ofHector by Priam in the last book of the I liad.
475. Tene t, ‘ restrains .
’S a ce rd os , N eoptolemus. Cf. Eur.
H ec. 566 sq
S acerdos , N eoptolemus. Cf. Eur. H ec. 566 sq
5 5'
Oe'
v re it al Oe'Aawo'
frtrcp icdpnsrem/eratdfipqo rrveujuaro s Brafipods.
476 Praeb i ta. Plunging in the steel , p ierced the breast‘voluntari ly ofl
'
ered.
’ For conjecto, cf. ii i. 90 : conjectum in
g utturaferrum .
477 . I l la,Polyxena. D efe ct o p op l i te , ‘her knees giving
way,’ ‘wi th tot tering knees.
’
478 . Maintained a fearless countenance to the end.
’
481. The Trojan wom en take herup, and count up the lostchildren of P riam
,and the am ount of b lood that one house
gave.’
D ep loratos , properly ‘ lam ented as lost :f. i 272
S ternuntur segetes et deplorata coloniV ota jacent .
.For re censen t , cf. Virg . A . 6, 68 1 sq
omnemque snorumForte re sebat num erum ,
carosque nepotesPataque , fortunasque vi rum ,
m o‘ resque m anusque
483 sq . 0 m od o reg ia conjunx regi a d i cta p arens , i .e .
O m odo (di cta) regi a conjunx, (modo) di cta regia parens .
S iebelis.
434 . Hecuba is called the picture , im age , embodim ent offlourish ing A sia, as being the wife of Priam ,
and the mother ofso m any illustri ous sons : see lines 508, 509.
485 M ala sors , a bad lot ,’
a sorry share of the plunder .Cf. Livy , 1
, 34 , 3 : puero post avi mortem in nullam sof tem
bonorum na to (opp . om n ium keredi bonorum), to no share ofthe property.
95
487 . D om inum ,an owner .’
488.‘A nd she embracing the body bereft of so b rave a spirit .’
C f. ii . 61 1 corpus inane unimae, and xiv. 200 : z'
nanem lum in is
orbem .
490. La c r im ae in vulnera fundi t . Cf. iv. 140 : vulnerasupplevit lacrim is .
491. Os cu la , ‘lips,
’as in x . 344 . C onsu eta , sc. plang i ab
Hecuba,‘ whi ch she was accustom ed to beat , ’ in m ourning for
her losses.492. Trailing
,draggling
,hergrey hair in the clotted blood.
’
Cf. Eur. H ec. 496 : neirat mix/er (pri
povaa Marni/ownai
pa.
493. Plura qu i d em , sed e t h ae c,
she used m ore words,indeed
,but among them these also . ’ Cf. Ov. Fast . 4 , 689 :I s mihi multa quidem ,
sed et haec narrare solebat.
494 . O dau ghter, last grief to your m other, for what else remains P’ sc. the loss of which can cause m e further grief. Cf.x . 198 : in dolor esfacinusgue m eum .
495. J a cos , ‘you lie dead .
’ C f. line 178. Tuum , m ea
vu ln e ra, vulnu s . Cf. x 197 videoque tuum ,m ea crim ina,
vulnus .
h496.
‘Lest I should lose any of my kindred without blood .
5 ed.
’
497 . Q ui n fem ina , se. eras,‘because you were a. woman.
’
498 . E t fem ina,
even though a woman.
’
500. N o stri qu e orb ator, he who bereft me of my children.
’
N oster orbator would be the prose expression,the possessive
pronoun being used instead of the geni tive of the personal pronoun.
501. A chilles was slain byParis, A pollo guiding the arrow .
S ee xi 1. 595sq.
503. M i = m ihi . C in i s i p se sepu l t i , the very ashes ofthe buried A chilles.
’
504 . I n genu s 1100,‘against this race of ours.
’Tum u l o
qu oqu e , ‘even in hi s tomb .
’S en s im u s
,
‘we have fe ltthe power of.’ S o yryvé anw often means
,
‘I know to mycost .’
96 ME TAMORPHO SE S .
505.
‘For the grandson of A eacus have I been frui tful . ’N ineteen ofH ecuba
’s chi ldren fell by the hand of A chi lles.
506 sq .
‘The pub lic m isfortune was ended by a disastrousissue— but yet ended . For m e alone Troy remains, and mygrief is still in full career, still continues.
’ C f. Ov. Fast. 6,362 spes erat in cursu .
508 . M od o m ax im a rerum,
‘lately the greatest woman in
the world .’ In this phrase the gender of the adjective is no t
affected by rerum , e . g. O v. H er. 9, 107 : m ax im e rerum .
xii . 502 : fortissim a rerum an imalia . Hor. S . 1, 9, 4 : quid
ag is dulcissim e rerum
509 . G eneri s,from gener, not generis from genus.
511 . Pen elopae m unu s ,‘a present to Penelope
,
’the wife
of U lysses. D ata p en sa trah en t em ,
‘sp inning my allotted
task . ’ Pensa the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a
day.
515. H o st i l ia bu sta p ias t i , ‘
you appeased the tomb (i . e.
the departed Sp iri t,the Manes)of ourenem y.
’
516. I nfe r i as . S ee note on line 428 . Q u o ferrea rest o,to what purpose do I
,unyie lding one , remain ? ’ Ferreus here
m eans imm ovable , unyielding ; i t m ore comm only means (whenused in figurative sense)hard-hearted, unfeeling .
518 . Observe two d ifferent m eanings of guo in sam e line.
Interrogative,
‘ to what end ’
; and relative , ‘in order that .’
519. V ivacem d ifi ert i s anum , preserve alive the oldwoman
,
’ ‘postpone her death .
’
Cf. xi i . 76 : decim um dz'
latus
in annum H ector erat. Qu i s p oss e , &c.,who would suppose
that Priam could be called happy after the destructi on of Troy ? ’
521. Cf. Virg . A . 1 1, 159
Felix m orte tua neque in huncservata dolorem .
523. A t pu t o, ‘but I suppose, ’ but perhaps.
’
I ronical,as
Ov. A m . 3, 7 , 2 . Fun eri b u s d otab ere , you wi ll receive thedower of burial
,
’
you will at least receive burial as your dowry .
525 sq . S uch is no t the good fortune of our house . The
rites which fall to your lot will be your m other’s tears and
98 ME TAMORPHOS ES .
words in this line, bywhich the first correspondswi th the four th ,and the second wi th the thi rd, is called chiasmus. Cf. line138 .
552. N am ,se. dixi t. R el ictum ,
se . in Troy.
554 . Odry s iu s Thracius . The Odrysae were a Thraciantrib e . Praed ae q u e ad su etu s am ore , ‘
accustom ed to thelove of booty .
’ C f. V irg . A . 7 , 746 : assuetague m u lto Venatu
nem orum . On the use of the ab lative wi th assuesco , Lewis
and S hort observe The idea of the ad,which would requi re
the ace. or dat . case, is no t prom inent in the word,but that of
suesca accord ingly , i t properly m eans to adopt som e custom,
to addic t or apply one ’s self to a custom or hab i t,to becom e
accustom ed to som e thing so that the abl . of specification onlydesignates m ore specifically the object which is the subject ofthat custom .
’
555. I n s e cre ta , ‘into a retired,private place .
’Cf. Hor .
S . 2 , 1 , 71 ubi se a vulg o et scena in secreta rem orant .
556. M erkel,who reads H ecuba
,inserts et to avoid the
lengthening of the las t syllab le of Hecuba. S ee note on line423. Tol le m o ras , away wi th delay . ’
560. A tqu e i ta ,i .e . in her anger. C orrep to . A bl. abs.
wi th om ission of the subjec t , as in ii i . 725 'vis is u lulavi t A gaue.
ii . 694 sq
nitidam cape praem ia vaccamE t dedi t . A ccepta voces has reddidit hospes.
561. I nvocat , calls to her aid .
’
562. E x p el l i t , forces the eyes from their socke ts.
’ M erkelreads expilat , robs the socke ts of the ir eyeballs — lit . robs theeyes of the cheeks . O thers read exspoliat . Fa ci t ira v a lent em ,
passion m akes her strong . ’
563. S on t i . Poe tical for santis,
‘ guil ty b lood,
’
instead of‘b lood of a guilty person .
’
564 . S coops up, gouges out , no t the eye, for i t no longer rem ains
,but the sockets of the eye .
’Cf. S eneca, Oedipus 989 sq
N OTE S . 99
ungu ibus lacerat cavos alte recessus lum inum et i'
nanes sinus .
For the use of hauri t cf. line 425.
565.
‘The Thracians, exasperated at the disaster of theirking .
’C f. C ic. M il. 25, 68 : si den igue I talia sine M ilon is
clade nunquam esset congu ietura , wi thout the ruin of M ilo.’
566. Troada , the Trojan woman,i . e . Hecuba.
567 sq . A t haec, &c. ,‘but she
,with hoarse growling, snaps
at the stones they throw,and fram ing her open m outh to u t ter
words,she barked , when she tried to speak .
’The change of
hum an u t terance into that of beasts is also described in i . 637
C onatoque queri mugitus edidit oreand 11. 483sq .
569 sq . Lo cu s , &c. ,the place is stil l to be seen
,and has its
nam e from the occurrence ,’i . e . xvubs 097111 , the dog
’s tomb .
S ee line 406. The legend of H ecuba’s change into a dog was
doub tless invented to accoun t for the name Cyno ssema.
571. Tum qu oqu e,
‘even then
,
’sc. when changed into a
dog . C f. line 4 79 . S it/zon ia is a prom ontory of Chalcidice,
in M acedonia,bu t the poets often use S z
’
tlzon ius as equivalentto Thracian, since in early t im es the Thracians extended overthe greater part of Macedon
,and the prom ontory is said to
have been nam ed from a Thracian king, S i thon. Herodotus
wri tes Z iowufa ,but in Euphor. Fr . 55, we find 21001 401, and in
the adjec tive the antepenul t is comm only short in the poe ts .
572. I ll in s . D epending,as also in the next line
,onfortuna .
574 . S ic om n es , se . m over-
at,
‘affected all
,so that even
Juno he rself,
’&c. J o v i s co njunx q u e s ororq u e , a comm on
designation of Juno . S ee Virg . A . 1, 46
A st ego quae divum incedo regina JovisqueE t soror e t conjunx.
Juno was hostile to the Trojans. S ee Virg . A . 1 , 23sq .
6 76-622. The transform ation of the ashes of M emnon intobu ds . Memnon, son of Ti thonus and A urora
,and king of the
2 G
100 ME TAMORPHOS E S .
E thiopians,com ing to the aid of Priam , was slain by A chilles.
A t his m other’ s request his ashes were changed by Jupi terin to b irds cal led M emnoniae , or M em nonides, which eve ry yearflew from E thiopia to Troy, and , fighting over M emnon
'
s tomb ,fell as an offering to his shades . This fable form s the subjec t ofthe A ffirm -is of A rctinus, and was dram at ised by S ophocles inhis A ZBfmres or Me
’
uuwu. The nam e of Memnon was gi ven to acolossal statue of black m arb le near Thebes, in E gyp t , whichwas said to em i t a sound like that of a lute string when struckby the first rays of the rising sun . This sound was regarded asMemnon
’
s gree t ing to his m other.576 sq . A urora has no leisure to be m oved byH ecuba
’s woes
like the other de i t ies (line S he has a grief that com es
m ore hom e t o her in the death of her son . I sdem a rm i s .
The sam e cause as Hecuba,i .e . the Trojan cause . Ti thonus
,
A urora’s husband,was bro ther of P riam .
579 . Lutea,
‘ golden-coloured,’ or ‘ rose-coloured, ’ Kpond
1re1e s. C f. Virg . A . 7 , 26
A urora in ro seis fulgebat lutea bigis.Lu
'
teus muddy .581. V i d i t . A sim ilar epanalepsis is found in lines 427 and
4 28 , 572 and 573. S ee note on li ne 770,and the defini t ion by
D iom edes , book 2 : Epanalepsis est cum m ajore sz'
gnificatufacta repetitio .
582. The sun god hides his b eams through grief also in 11.
329 sq . ; xi . 570.
583. S upremi s i gni bu s , the flam es of the funeral pyre . C f.11. 620.
584 . N on su st inu i t sp ectare ,‘ could no t bear to behold
,
’
Th is use of sustinere is m ost frequent in negative clauses.
585. S lou t e ra t,
‘just as she was,
’
di s eixsv, used to denotean unchanged condit ion of the subjec t in a new state of act ion .
C f. v . 601 : sieut eram fug io si/ze vesti bus . G en i b u s adgenua.
587 . Om n ib u s,sc. deabus. C om pare the words of The tis
,
I liad , A 516 : 37 6: nerd. rrc'
ia’ tv drtp ordrn Beds e int . Om n i b u s
q u as su s t i n et,&c.
,
‘al l the goddesses in heaven
,
’
as Plaut .Poen. prol . 90 quantum lzom inum terra sustinet
,all men on
102 ME TAMORPHOSES .
607 . Observe in the same line volu'cri and voldcri s.610. Lu st ran t , fly round .
’C f. Virg . A . 10, 224 , and vi .
57 1 : A gnoscunt longe regem lustrantgue choreis, dance round .
’
C onsonu s,
‘harm onious.
’
611. C lan g or , ‘ twi t tering . ’ Qua rto seducun t ca st ra v0
latu ,
‘ in the ir fourth fl ight they di vide their forces ’: lit. ,
make separate cam ps .
’
612. Popu l i . A pplied here to fl ights of birds.
613. A dunci s un g u i b u s ,‘hooked talons.’
614 . A dv e rsa p e c t o ra , the breasts of their antagonists, thebreasts opposed to them .
’Cf. the expression hostes adversi
,
C aes. B . G . 2 , 24 .
615. R eference is m ade to the gladiatorial combats at R om e
at the funerals of distinguished persons. The slain were an
offe ring to the shades of the departed . The order of the wordsis,corpora
'
cognata cadunt injen’
ae cineri sepu lto .
617 .
‘Thei r author (i .e . M emnon,from whose ashes they
sprang)gives a nam e to the birds,wh ich thus suddenly sprang
into life .
’ For praepes, subst .,cf. iv. 714 ; for subitis, cf.
i . 315, i ii . 123.
618 . Cum so ], &c.
,
‘as often as the sun has comple ted his
course through the twelve signs of the zodiac,
’ i . e . every year.C f. vi . 571
S igna deus bis sex acto lustraverat anno .
Du odena . Perhaps the force of the dist ributive is ‘all the
twelve .
’S ee B oot on C ic. A tt . 5, 7, 1 .
The story of the M emnonides is told by Pliny , N at . H . 10,
26, 74 , who com pares the story of the Meleagrides, or birds intowhi ch the sisters of M eleager were changed .
619 . Pa ren ta l i , &c.,
‘destined to perish,they renew the
fight afte r the fashion of a deceased parent ’s festival . ’ M emnonis regarded as the parent of the b irds
,wh ich sprang from his
ashes. Under the empire the glad iators, on entering the arena
,
addressed the em peror wi th the words,m orituri te salu tant.
S ee S ue t . C laud . 2 1. M erkel (basing his conjecture on the
reading of M , mar. voce) reads luce instead of more, ‘on the
NOTE S . 103
day of the funeral festival ,’no t onl y the month (line 618)but
the day, too , being precisely fixed , and compares Pausanias 10,
31 , 6 : £11 eipnjue'
va ts int e'
pats.
620. E rg o , so .
’Lat rasse , ‘barked , ’ i .e . became a dog .
D ym an t i da . Hecuba,who according to one tradi tion was
a daughter of D ymas ; according to another, of C isseus.
621 sq . P i asq u e , &c.,
‘and even now sheds t ributary tears
of affection,and bedews the whole earth
,
’ referring to the dewydawn. For rorare, neuter , ‘distils in dew
,
’ cf. Ov. Fast . 3, 403C um croceis rorare geni s Ti thonia conjux ”um /M“
C o eperit .
623—674 . The transformat ion of the daughters of A nius intodoves . jEneas , in his fl ight from Troy with his father
,A nchises,
and son,A scanius, arrives at D elos
,and is hospi tably entertained
by A nius,the priest of A pollo , who narrates how his son
A ndros is gone to the island which bore his nam e,and how his
daughters,who had received from B acchus the power of turning
everyth ing into corn , wine , and o il, had been t ransform ed intodoves by that dei ty , in order that they m ight no t fall into thehands of the Greeks . This subje ct , as we learn from Tzetzes,was treated in the Kérpra 5m ; of S tasinus.
623sq . Fate,however, does no t allow hope also to be over
thrown wi th the walls of Troy .’
624 . S ac ra , et sa cra al tera, p at t ern . The sam e expression
occurs Ov. Fast . 1 , 527 ; ib . 4 , 38 . S a cra, the Penates. S ee
the description in V irg . A . 2, 634 sq .
625. Cyth ere iu s . E neas, so called from his m otherVenus,
who was worshipped at Cythera (C erigo), and hence nam edCytherea.
626. Piu s . In the doub le sense of ‘dutiful ’ to his father,
and pious towards the gods,
628 . A ntandrus (A ntandro)was a ci ty of Mysia,on the
A dramyttian Gulf, at the fo o t of M ount I da. The story ofb lood stream ing from the roots of the trees, torn from the
ground where Polydorus was buried , is told by Virg . A . 3,19 sq .
104 ME TAMORPHOS E S .
629 . M anan tem ,distinguish mdnentem .
630. U t i l i b u s, &c. , wi th favourable winds and the tidese rving. ’
631. A p o l li n eam u rb em . The ci ty of D e los,where A pollo
was born . C f. V irg . A . 3, 79.
632. H unc. E neas. Q u o re g e , &c. ,
‘by whom , as king ,m en were governed, and as priest
,Phoebus was duly wor
shipped .
’ A nius was son of A pollo and R hoeo M erkel ,influenced by the reading of M , fines , conjectures fi des insteadof hom ines .
634 . D e lub ra n ota . E rected to A pollo,Diana
,and Latona.
635. The two trees clasped form erly by Latona in her
pangs.
’C f. vi . 335.
636 sq . When the re ligious ri tes are ended, A nius entertainsZEneas and his com panions at his house .
638 sq P o s i t i s , &c. , recli ning on high-piled couch-covers,they partake of the gifts of C eres (i . e . bread) together wi thflowing wine .
’A l t i s is prolept ic : ‘ the rugs b eing placed on
the couches so as to lie high one above another . ’ B acchus is
used for wine also,vi . 488
R egales epulae m ensis et B acchus in auroPonitur.
640. Tum p ius A n chi s e s , sc. inqu it.
64 1. Fallor, am I m istaken i"
642. B i s duas . Most authorities mention only three daughters of An ius, viz . CEno
,S perm o
,and E lais. They were called
o ivorpdrror, owing to their power of'
changing things into wine ;see line 653.
643. The whi te fillet was the badge of a p riest ; see v .109 sq
C ereri sque sacerdosA mpycus
,albenti velatus tempora vi t ta.
645. N at orum ,children
,
’sons and daughters
,asfratres is
used of brothers and sisters.
64 6. Tan ta h om in es , &c. , such changeful fortune harassesmankind . ’
647 . Paene orbum ,almost chil dless.
’
106 ME TAMORPHOS ES .
664 . Po ss i s . For this use of the subjunctive see B radley’sA rnold , 14 9 ; R oby, 1536, 1544 . There is a suppressed cond i tion, ‘ if you th ink on the m at te r yo u can excuse .
’C f. line
685 posses ostendere,‘
you could have shown,had you t ried .
’
This usage is spec ially comm on in the se cond person,where
the subjec t is impl iedly indefinite,i .e . where ‘
y ou’is equi
yalent to the English ‘
one,’the French ‘
on,’the German
man.
’
665 sq . C f. Virg . A . 1 1, 288 sq
Quicquid apud durae cessatum est m o enia Trojae ,H ectorls A eneaeque m anu v ic toria GraiumH aesu e t in decimum vest igia re ttuli t annum .
668 . E t i am num l i b e ra,
still free .
’Cf. xiv. 199 : vultus
etiamnum caede m adentes .
669 . Pat er -is applied as an epi the t of honour t o almost allthe gods, as m ater to the goddesses. C f. xi . 132 : Lenaeepater.
Op em ,
‘help’
; apes,‘ riches.
’
670 sq . S i m i ro, &c.
,
‘ if to destroy in a wonderful manneris called giving help . ’
671 sq . Though the m e thod of the transformation cannot beunderstood 01 described
, yet the general resul t of the misfortuneis well known .
672. A ut. The negative force of neci n line 671 is continuedto o ut in this line
,which latter word may therefore be translated
nor.
’
674 . C onju g i s . The dove was sacred to Venus, wife ofA nchises. Cf. xiv. 597 . N i v eas
,
‘snowy-breasted . ’ A b i ere ,
‘were transform ed .’ This is the word regularly used by Ovidto express me tamorphosis : i t is found in a simi lar sense in
Lucretius.
675— 704 . Transform ation of the ashes of the daughters ofO rion in to young m en, represented in basso-relievo on a goble t .A n oracle having declared that a plague whi ch was was tingThebes would he stayed if two virgins consented to sacrificetheir lives
,Metioche andMenippe, the daughte rs ofOri on, killed
NOTE S . 107
themselves with shuttles. From their ashes rose two youngm en
, who became com ets under the name C oronae . S eeA nton. Liberalis, 25.
677 . C um d i e , rfi ijp epa.
678 . Cf. V irg . A . 3, 94 sq
quae vo s a st irpe parentumPrima tul it tellus
,eadem vo s ubere laeto
A ccipiet reduces an t iquam exquiri te m atrem .
I taly is m eant , whence D ardanus,the founder of the Trojan
nat ion,is said to have com e into Phrygia. M atrem : mother
land ; cf. the Germ an Vaterland .
679 . P rosequ i tur, ‘sees them o ff.
’ To accom pany a depart ing guest for a portion of his j ourney was a m ark ofrespect.R ex. A nius. D a t m unu s
,gives as a present .’
680. N ep o t i , A scanius, grandson of A nchises.
682. A on i i s = B oeo tian. A onia was the part of B oeotianear Phocis, in which were M ount Helicon and the fountainA ganippe . I sm en iu s = Theban. The river I smenus flowedthrough Thebes.
684 . H y leu s , of Hyle , a smal l town in Boeotia. The textis doub tful , but is adopted by M erkel
,S iebelis
,and Zingerle
on the authori ty of E . Lactantius reads Lydius ; others Myleus, from Myla in S icily . L on g o , &c. ,
‘had engraved i twi th a long subjec t or story . ’ A rgum entum is the regularword for an artistic design ; cf. V irg . A . 7, 791 : A rgum en
tum ingens . For the spondee in the fifth foo t see note on line407 .
4 2?635 sq . Thebefi
zin o eo tia
, was suffi ciently represented bythe seven gates ; I liad , A 406 : 6 46173 260: érrranru
’
Aoro . The
E gyptian Thebes was hundred-gated . P oss e s . S ee note on
line 664 . O st en d e re is used instead of widere,the spectator
being supposed to contemplate the gob let in company wi thother persons.
108 ME TAMORPHOSE S .
687 . R o g-i qu e . M erkel readspyraegue.
‘
The'
readin'
g ofM ,
gyrogue, however, seem s to favour the text.
688 . Women wi th dishevelled hair and b ared breasts.
’ Formatres =wom en
,cf. Virg . A . 6, 306 : m atres atque viri .
689 sq. N ym p h ae , &c.,the nymphs also seem to weep and
to com plain of the ir fountains being dried up the trees Wi thou tfoliage stand bare and stiff ; the goats gnaw the parched rocks .
’
The words rodunt arentz'
a saxa capellae im ply that the herbsare wi thered by the drought . Thebes was suffering from bothdrought and pestilence .
692 sq . Lo ! he (A l con ,
l ine 683)represents the daughtersof O rion in the m ids t of Theb es— ou one side
,as infl ict ing 011
thei r bared throats a wound that showed no wom an’s weak
ness ; on the other, as having fallen for the ir people by a
wound infl icted wi th unwarl ike weapons, and being honouredwith a pub lic funeral . ’ The words natas Orione are the sub
ject of dare , and of cecidisse, ferri , crem ari .'
Three scenesare depicted on the goble t , introduced respectively by the
words hac,i llac, and tum (line H e represen ts the
daughters of O rion in the one group as slaying them se lves ;in the second as already dead (cecid isse), and b emg carriedto burial ; while the thi rd group shows the C oronae ri singfrom the ashes.
D em i s so p er in e r tia vu lne re te la, a home-thrust being inflicted by unwarlike weapons ,
’viz . shut tles. C f. S eneca, E p.
7, 5, 13: vu lneraparum dem issa laxantem . The reading of thetext is M erkel ’s
,and is m uch to be prefe rred to Haupt 's
,which
gives kancfor hac in line 693, i llam dem issa'
perfortia pectorateld for illacdem isso per inertia vu lnere tela in line 694 , and is
to be translated Lo ! he represents the daughters of O rionin the m idst of Thebes, one of them infl ic ting on her baredthroat a wound that showed no wom an
’
s weakness ; the otherhaving fallen for her nation by plunging a shut tle into hercourageous breast
,and being honoured by a public funeral ’ ;
telei being a fem . sing. used for rad ius,a sense rare ly
,if ever
,
found .
Madvig follows the Florentine M in reading agmen fornon , and illas for i llam . H e thinks agm enfem ineum ,
used oftwo women
,is justified by Virg . A . 2
,212 , where agm ine certa
is used in reference to the m ovements of two serpents ; but
1 t o ME TAMORPHOSE'
S .
from the pursui t of the Harpies, whose names wereA e llo
,O cypete and C elaeno . S ee Virg . A . 3, 2 10 sq.
711 sq . Dulichium was the largest of the Echinades, a group
of islands at the m ou th of the A chelous. S am os,or S am e
, wasthe ancient nam e of C ephallenia , and is to be distinguished fromS am os, off the coast of I onia. N eritus is evidently regarded asan island in this passage
,and also by V irgil , A . 3, 271 but in
Odyssey, z
22,and y 351, i t is a mountain in I thaca.
713 sq . P rae t e r eran t vect i . Tm esis forpraefervectz'
eran t.
A ccording to Haupt,A ntoninus Liberalis 4 (flouri shed about
A . D . following the e‘
reporoéy eva of N icander, says thatA pollo
,D iana
,and Hercules
,left the decision as to which of
them should possess A mbracia to Cragaleus, who was celebratedfor his justice . C ragaleus gave his decision in favour of H er
cules, and was consequently changed in to a stone by A pollo .
C ertatam , 810.
‘They see A mbracia. which was a subjectof dispute am ong the gods, and the rock in the shape of thetransform ed judge , wh ich land (quae agrees with A m bracia)isnow fam ous owing to the A c tian A pollo (i .e . t o the tem ple ofA pollo
,on the prom ontory of A ctium
,in A mbracia), and the
land of D odona, wi th i ts talk ing oaks (apoo'wydpo z, p avrmal
ami
ss), and the Chaonian (i .e . E piro t)gulfs, where the childrenof the king of the M olossians escaped the bafli ed flames by the
wings which were supplied to them .
’ For su bject i s cf. Lucan,7 , S74
Ipse m anu subicit gladi os e t tela m inistrat .
R . E llis ap. S immons suggests tam subiti s for subjecti r.
For sub im ag in e cf. xiv. 757 sq .,where the t ransformation
of the hard-hearted A naxare te into stone is described
Paulatimque occupat artusQuod fuit in duro jam pridem pectore saxum .
N eve ea flcta putes , dom inae sub imag ine signumS ervat adhuc S alam is.
717 . A ntoninus Liberalis 14 , after N icander,describes how
three sons and a daughter of Mun ichus, king of the M olos
sians , were attacked by robbers, and the building in whichthey were having taking fire , were changed into birds byJupi ter,that they mi ght escape the flam es.
NOTES . ” 1
7 19—897 . Transformation of A cis into a river god . The
C yclops, Polyphemus, being enamoured of Galatea, slays A cisfor crossing him in his love . The latter
,by the power of
Galatea, is changed in to a river cal led after his own name .
719 sq . Phaeacum ru ra ,the island ofC orcyra, theHom eric
S cheria, where dwel t the Phaeacian king , A lcinous, whose frui tgardens are described , 0d . Fe l icib u s p om i s , as in ix. 92
the epi the tfelz'
x , properly applied to. the tree , is transferred tothe frui t . C f. Livy , 5, 24 : nullafelz
’
x arbor,m
’
lzz'
lfrug iferumin agro relictum . The opposi te expression is found inV irg . A .
3, 649
Victum infelicem , bacas lapidosaque coma.
For the places m entioned in these lines cf. Virg A . 3, 291 sq.
720. A b hi s , from thence , ’ after these places.
’
721. B u thro t o s,a town of E pirus
,opposite Corcyra.
S im u lataq u e T roja . Helenus had buil t in E pirus a townafter the fashi on of ancient Troy . C f. V irg. A . 3, 349 :
Procedo et parvam Trojam simulataque magnisPergama agnosco .
722. Fu turorum , neuter, as appears by the following quae.
723. Cf. I liad, Z 76
Hpiap fdns'
EA evos, o iwvorékwv dx’&pto
’
ros.
724 . S ican i am , S icily. Pinni s . M erke l gi ves this readingfrom the Florentine M S . M . The usual read ing is linguzls',which is often used of ‘a tongue o f land , ’ e . g . Lucan
,2,614
tanaam producz‘
t in aequora ling uam . Excurrere andprocurrereare voces proprz
’
ae of headlands running out or projecting intothe sea .
726. A r ct os . The constellations of the G reat and Li t tle B earare called aequoris expert“,
because they never set to ourhem isphere , never seem to sink into the sea. Cf. I liad, 2 489,quoted in note on line 294 .
1 12 ME TAMORPHOS ES .
729 . S ub n octen ,‘at nightfall . ’ Zancle was afterwards
called Messana. Po ti tu r, though infin . is patz'
ri, as or
‘
i tur
from m’
n’
. Cf. note on line 130.
730. I nre q u i e ta ,
‘ restless.
’Ovid here digresses to narrate
the tales of Galatea and S cylla,and does no t resume the
wanderings of A eneas unti l xiv. 75.
731. H ae c , C harybdis.
732. I l la, S cylla.
733 sq . S i n on om n i a. vat es ficta. rel i q u erunt . Cf. xv .282 n is i vatibus omn is E rzpz
'
m a’
afi des.
734 . A l i q u o q u oqu e , &c. Quaque is to be j oined wi thvirgo . S cylla had the face of a virgin , and at one t im e actuallywas a vi rgin . For a sim ilar use of quoque cf. i . 144 sq
Vivi tur ex rapto non ho spes ab hospite tu tus,N on socet a genero ; fratrum quoque gratia rara est .
‘E ven b rothers were se ldom on good term s.
’
Quaque shouldfollow the emphatic word , but O vid allows himself m uch li cencein its posi tion
,e . g . i . 292
Omnia pontus erant deerant quoque litora ponto .
738 . 0111, se . to S cylla. Cf. Ov. H er. 13, 31
N ecm ihi pectendo s cura est praebere capillos.
739 A d lo q u i tur, se . Galatea S ty/11am . Galatea addressesS cylla in the following words. B ep e ten s susp iri a ,
‘fe tchinga sigh , ’ ‘heaving a sigh .
’Cf. ii . 125
Pec tore solli ci to repetens suspiria dixi t .
740. H and inm i t e , in contrast wi th the Cyclops, who iscalled inm i tis, line 759 .
741 . U t faci s ,‘as you do .
’ Farz'
a,like the English do
,is
often used in such sentences as the present , to avo id the repe t it ion of the principal verb . Thus the expression in the text isequivalen t to potes his z
'
mpune negare, u t negas,‘You can t e
fuse them,say no to them , as you do , wi th impuni ty, wi thout
danger.’
1 14 METAMORPHOSES .
758 . Pro ,‘alas ! ’ S ee line 5.
759 sq . I p s i s s ilvi s . Dative.
761. Cf. 0d. 1 275
or’
) yap Kric m res A lb: aiytdxov &M‘youaw.
Cum di s Olym p i , O lympus and its gods.
’
762. Qu i d s it am or sen t i t , ‘feels the power of love .
’
763. A n trorum . The Cyclopes dwelt in caves, no t houses.
Ob li tu s . D istinguish ablitas .
764 . S ee note on line 927.
765. R as tri s ,‘rakes, ’ comically used of the comb of Poly
phemus, just as in the next line a sickle (falce)is his razor.R ostrum ,
n.,in pl . usually rastri , m . occasmnally rastra .
767 . To look at your fierce face in the water and com po se itsexpression .
’ The water is described as Polyphemus’ looking
glass in line 840sq .
770. In 0d . 1 510, it is said of Telemus : p ayrevdnevos reare
7‘6pa Kunaé neo aw. Te lem u s— Te lem u s . Thi s repeti tion of
the same word is called epanalepsis, and is an im i tation of theHom eri c usage : e . g . I liad , B 1 70 sq
My tip Ayofnaxos it al Ndarns fin aéoflqv,Ndo‘rns 8
’
Apotnaxds re, Noy iovos &Wtab.réxva.
S ee note on line 58 1, and cf. I liad, T 371 sq7 438
'
&vrt'
os sim, it al ci v l xefpas é’om ev,
ci r vpl xei‘
pas fours, ye’
vo s 5'
0179t a tdfipqi .
775. A l te ra, another, ’ se . Galatea. Cf. ii . 513: pro metenet altera caelum and xiv. 378 non sum tuus
,altera capta in
M e tenet . J am rapui t , se . lum en ,
‘has already snatched awaymy eye,
’ ‘blinded m e .
’The same expression to denote the
power of love is used in Ov. A mor. 2,19, 19 _
Tu quoque quae nostros rapuisti nuper ocellos.
NOTES . 1 15
Here there is, of course, a doub le reference to the li teral and tothe idiomatic meaning of the words .
776 sq. Gradi ens , &c. , as he walks weighs down the shorewi th his ponderous tread . ’ L i t ore . He awai ts the appearanceof the sea-goddess on the shore .
778 sq . A wedge-shaped headland projects into the seawi tha long point . ’
780. M ed iu squ e resed i t , and sat down in the m iddle (ofthe hi ll). Cf. Theocr. 1 1, 17 sq
naflegdp evos 6°
€1rl we'
rpas
WnAas i s m irror (Spam56486'ro tafi'ra.
782. P inus, &c.,
‘the pine tree whi ch served him as a stafi .
’
783. A n temn i s ap ta. fe rendi a, fit to bear sail-yards, ’ i . e .
large enough for a mast. Cf. 0d . t 319 sq
Kéxnwwos 7 841 {Retro ye’
yaMamm y wapd trump"'rb yév &np es éfmronev e io’opdwvres,
80001! 0’
forby mos éemoo dpozo“emi ts/11s.
784 . H arundin ibu s, &c. ,
‘a pipe framed of a hundred
reeds .
’
S even was the usual number : see ii . 682.
785. S ib ila , n . pl. ; in the sing. sibi lus,m . S en serun t
S enserun t . This repetition in each clause of one or m orewords as a substitute for the use of annexive conjunctions iscalled anaphora. Cf. quas quas in line 8 . Fel t the sound ,trembled wi th the sound of the shepherd’s pipe . Pas toriasz
'
bz'
la =sibi la pastoriae fi stulae .
786. Lat i tan s ru p e , hidden by the S IMMONS .
787 . R es iden s , from resideo. A uri b us hau s i ,‘I drank
in Wi th my ears.
’
788 . The rude similes of the following passage are in keepingwi th the coarse character of the C yclops.
789 . L i gu stri ,‘privet . ’ C f. Mart . 1
,1 15, 2 sq . : Loto
candidior paella cygna, A rgento, n ine, lilio, ligustro . Theocri tus ( 1 1 , 19 sq .)is much more concise than our poet in thespeech he assigns to Polyphemus
H 2
1 16 METAMORPHOS ES .
5 Aevnd I'aiui'reta, 'ri 'rbv droBdAApAevnore
’
pa wax‘rds 1 07 15521 5 &waltw
're
'
pa &pvds,
Maxed 7 aupo‘ré
'
pa, (pi apw're
'
pa 5p <pcuros a’
vyfi s‘
(peé‘
yets dura ep 51‘
s woA tbv A6xov &Op‘fid aaa.
791. S p lend i di or v i t ro,
‘more sparkli ng than glass.
’ Cf.
Hor. O . 3, 13, 1 Ofons B andusiae splend idzor vitro.
Lascivi or, more playful . ’
792. S m oother than shells worn by the ever-beating ocean.
’
D istinguish 12m and IEvis .
793.
‘M ore welcome than sunshine in winter, and than theshade in summ er .’ S o li b u s . Cf. Virg. G . 1 , 393sq . :
N ecm inus ex imbri soles et aperta serenaProspicere et cer tis po teris cognoscere sigm s.
794 . N ob i l i or p alm a ,
‘more famous than the palm .
’Cf.
Hor . O . 1 , 14 , 1 1 Quam vis Pontica pinus S ilvae filia nobilis ;ib . 3, 13, 13: Fies nobilium tu quoque fon tium . I nstead ofpalma
'
M erke l reads form a"
ac, comparing Propert . 2, 5, 28 :
Cynthia orma patens . M advig conjectures M obiliar da‘fleeter t an a deer . ’ The sim ile occurs, however , in lines 805to 807. Madvig m entions
,but wi th strong disapproval, the
reading orda ,
‘a cow that is wi th calf
,
’ instead of palma, and
this rea ing appears in M erke l’s edi tion of 1865. R . E l lis ap.
S imm ons conjectures M obi'
li'
ar fl amm a,
‘more nimble thanflame
,
’
fi amma having been corrupted to fama (as oftenhappens), and tha t to forma
,which is the reading of M .
P la tan o con sp ecti or a l ta , m ore at tractive to the gaze thanthe stately plane-tree .
’Conspectus : the unclassical consp iea
bi lls, as inw'
ctus often the unclassical invinci bilis.
796. S ofter than swan-down,and than curdled milk.’
798 . E ad em , and yet’ fiercer than untamed bullocks.
.
800. There is a play on two m eanings of lentas,viz .
‘slug
gi sh , ’ ‘mdi fl'
erent to love , ’ and when appli ed to plants,
‘tough,
’
tenaci ous.
’V i ti bus a lb i s ,
'
Apr ekos Aevxfi, B ryonia alba.
802. Laudato . Cf. Ov. A rs A m . 1,627
Laudatas ostentat avis Junonia pennasS i tacitus spec ies illa recondi t opes.
1 18 ME TAMORPHOSE S .
827 sq.
‘I have a younger stock , nam ely, lambs in a warmfold
,and kids also of the sam e age in another fold .
’Od .
1 2 19 sq
o‘
re ivov'ro at 6 1pm !
&pvwv fifi’épi¢ww 81a1celrpme
'
ya1 at gnamra t
gpxa'ro .
Par ae tas,abstract for concrete, in apposi tion to haedi .
830. Pa rtem , &c. ,
‘a part of it rennet thickens.
’C f.
Od . 1 246 sq . ,and xiv. 274 : cum lacte coagula passo (from
patior)
831. D e li c i ae fac i les , ‘easily obtained luxuries.
’ Cf.Virg .
E C]. 2, 40 sq
Praeterea duo,nec tuta m ihi valle reperti ,
C apreoli ; quos tib i servo .
For deliciae,
‘pets,
’ S immons compares Gatul . 2, 1 : Passerdeliciae m ed epuellae.
832. Distingui sh lepo'
res and lepo'
res .
833. Pa rv e co lum barum , &c. , or a pair of doves, or a nestrobbed from the tree top .’ For cacum en cf. xv . 396
Ilicet in ram is tremulaeque cacum ine palmae
Ungu ibus et puro nidum sibi construit ore .
834 sq . C f. Theocr. 1 1 , 40 sq .
835 S o like one another that you could hardly distinguishthem .
836. V i llo sae,
‘shaggy . ’
838 . E x ere ,‘ raise , ’ ‘
put forth .’ M erkel reads exime in
same sense .
840. Cf. Theocr. 6, 34 sq
ital ydp 055’61803 é
’
xw Randy , 569 he Ae’
yow c.
5 '
yc‘
zp wpc‘
wés m irror! éo e’
BA e irov, vi s at yeAdva,na l mu d név rd '
ye’
yeta , Kait lin 86’
6.Ma xai
pa,di s 1rap
’e’
p ly ne’
xpt'rat, x.
'r . A .
my appearance.’
NOTE S . 1 19
844 . N esc i o qu em . S aid in contempt,for Polyphemus did
not regard Jupiter. S ee line 761 and 857 .
845. Prom inet in vu ltu s ,‘overhangs my face .
’
846 sq .
‘N or think it unsightly that my body b ristles wi thstiff hairs.
’
847 . Tu rp i s s ine frondibus arb or. Theocr. 8 , 79 : we5pv
‘
l‘'ral BdAaVOt mi dway.
849 . This line , found only in som e inferior M S S . ,Haupt re
‘
ects, on the ground that line 850 (barba viros, shoul d thenave som e otherword to balance tegi t instead of decent, whichin the reading of the text is contrasted wi th turp is .
851. Cf. Callimachus hymn . in D ianam, 52 sq . : m
‘
im (Krinkwtlu)5’
fm'
5<ppuv (pri ed youvd‘
yAnua , adieu lo'a 're'rpaBoelqu ; and Virg .A . 3, 635 sq . The clipeus was a round shield .
852. H aec om nia , the whole world .
854 . V estro , the sea where you N ereids live. S ee line 278 .
G en i t or m eu s , N eptune .
855. C f. ix. 14 . Tan tum ,‘only.’
857 . P en et rab i le , ‘pene trating, ’ ‘piercing . ’ This adj. ispassive in xii . 166 : corpus nu llo penetrabi le telo . R oby , 8 76,gives a list of adjec tives ending in -bilis m ostly with a passivesense ; for exam ples of an ac tive sense, see Munro on Lucretius1, 1 1 .
859 . C ontem p tfis , gen. case,
‘I woul d be m ore willing tosubm i t to this disdain .
’
861. The second A cin in this line is equivalent to A cidiscomplexus by comparatio compend iaria .
862 sq . Yet although he find favour in his own eyes, and, athing which I could wish were no t so , in yours, Galatea ; letonly an opportuni ty offer
,and he will feel that I have strength
proportioned to my size .
’
868 . V i r i ‘on s , se . ilgnis. I seem to bear in my breast A etnatransfe rred thi ther wi th all its fiery strength .
’
120 ME TAM ORPHOSE S .
873. I gnaros , not aware of hi s approach . ’
879 . S ymaeth iu s h e ros , A cis ; see line 750.
881. V estri s re g n i s , sc. the sea.
884 . A n g ul u s i s m ol i s , ‘ th is corner of the m ass.
’ M givesangu lar is m otus over an erasure , whence Merkel conjecturesthe reading of the text . M oles recurs in lines 887, 890. Cf.viii . 357. Haupt reads ang ulus e saxo .
.
886. U t v i res , &c.,i . e . that A cis should become a ri ver like
1115 grandfathe r S ymaethus,
acquire the proper ties (powers)ofhis grandfather. ’
889 sq .
‘A nd first i t becomes the colour of a river muddiedby rain, and then i t is gradually cleared . ’ Form ora, ‘gradual ly,
’
after an in terval,
’ cf. 1. 400 sq
S axaPonere dun tiem co epere suumque ri gorem ,
M o lli rique m ora, m o lli taque ducere formam .
890. Fracta . M reads ’taeta , whence Merkel conjec tures
taetra .
892. The hollow mouth of the rock resounds wi th gushingwaters.
’
893 sq .
‘A nd , wonderful event a youth suddenly em erged,
as far as the waist , having his new-created horns c ircled wi thtwining reeds.
’C orn u a . R iver gods are represented wi th
horns as a symbol of strength , or in allusion to the branching ofa river at i ts de lta.
896. S ic q u oq u e , even so , even after being changed into ariver . The m odern nam e of the ri ver A ci s is Fium e di I aci .
898- 968 . Glaucus transformed into a sea-god. Glaucus beingenam oured of S cylla, narrates to herhow he became a sea god.
Having noticed that som e fish wh ich he had caugh t and lai d ona piece of grass suddenly recovered life and sprang into thewater
,he tasted the grass, and, being seized wi th frenzy,
plunged into the sea.
ME TAMORPHOSES .
916. S ens i t ,‘he perceived it,
’viz . S cylla’
s astonishment athis appearance . M 011, a ridge of rock ’
; see line 923.
918 sq . N ee m aju s , &c. ,norhas Pro teus greater authori ty
over the sea.
’Pro teus, the prophe tic old m an of the sea
,who
resided,according to Hom er , in the island of Pharos , one day ’s
j ourney from the river A egyptus (N ile), coul d change him se lfinto various shapes (see Od . 8 456 a power possessed alsoby other sea dei ties, e .g . The tis, xi . 243 sq .
919 . T r i ton ,son of Poseidon and A mphitrite . We find
m ent ion of Tri tons in the plural they are said to have had thehum an form in the upper part of their body, and that of a fishin the lower part . They are usually represented in works ofart b lowing a shell (concha) to calm the waves. Palaem onwas the son of A thamas and Ino . H is original nam e wasM elicertes, but it was changed when he becam e a sea god
,his
m other havi ng plunged wi th him into the sea. The R omansidentified him wi th their own god Portumnus.
921. D eb i tu s , &c. ,
‘being destined by fate , no doubt, to
the deep waters, I even then (viz . while still a man)employedmyself in them .
’ “
M erkel reads deditus , ‘devoted to,very fond
of,the sea.
’
922 sq . For at one time I hauled in the nets which drew inthe fish ; at another, seated on a rock , I guided the line withmy fishing
-rod . ’ For m odo nunc at one t im e
at another, ’ instead of the m ore usual m odo,
m odo,cf. Ov.
Fast . 4 , 643 sq . A lz'
guando , interdum ,nonnunguam , saepe,
rursus,are also found instead of the second m odo . For d u ce
b am ducen t ia cf. line 943, decerpsi deeerpta line 966,dicentem , d icturum . E ncere is often used of ne t ting, or hauling in gam e or fish , and is in such cases unnecessarily explainedby som e as a synonym of deeipere, wi th which word it is som e
times joined, e .g . i ii . 586 sq
Pauper et ipse fui t , linoque solebat et ham isD ecipere et calam o salientes ducere pisces.
Her. 19, 13
N unc volucrem laqueo , nunc piscem ducitis ham o .
For m ole cf. line 9 16, and 11. 12 . For h arun di n e cf. viii .217. Calam us is also used of a fishing-rod, i ii . 587,
N OTE S .
925.
‘One side is bordered by waves, the other by grass .
’
Merkel readsfunditur. The reading ofM is
un‘
tar
A ltera pars fundit pars altera fungi turundis .
Hence E ll is conjectures
A ltera pars findit, pars altera finditurundi s,
which would describe a part of the shore which ran into thesea, wh ile the waves ran up on each side of it far into land .S uch combinations of active and passive are thoroughly O vidian ; i i . 78 1 : carp ilgue et carp itur una x . 58 : prend igue et
prendere x.
‘
14 1 lugebere nobis Lug ebz’
sgue alias ; xi . 442 :
pari terque feremus Qu idgu id erit, pariter super aequora lata
feremur.
926. M oran laesere , grazed upon.
’
927 . Carp s i st i s . This transi tion to the second person iscalled an apostrophe, and is common in the poets.
928 . Haupt,in common wi th most editors
,reads sedula for
sem ine . Ap i’
s sedu la,‘the busy bee .
’ M erkel strangely proposes je
'
m ine for sedu la in violation of the m e tre . Fem ore,no t
jem ine, m oreover , is the usual form of the ablative . (The lat ter,however, is found in Plant . M il . 2
,2, 48 ; V irg . A . 10,
The best M S S . gi ve sem ine. Perhaps, therefore , the correc treading m ay be eolleeto sem ine
,which I have ventured to intro
duce into the text . The s of sem ine would easily give rise tocolleetos instead of collecta, and sem ine being then unintelligible
,
the epi the t sedula (applied to the b ee in Tibul lus,2,1, 50)
would be a natural conjecture . I f this suggestion be adopted,
translate, ‘ thence no bee carried o ff the flowers by collec tingthe pollen.
’ A bee could no t,in the literal sense
,be said to
carry off the flowers,but i t m ight figurat ive ly be said so to do
by rubbing off the pollen,which from i ts fructifying power is
called sem en .
S ince writing this note I have seen a recent paper byMr. E llis,in the Transac tions of the Oxford Philological S ocie ty, whichconfirm smy conjecture , collectasem ine. Mr.E llis’ s words areTwo of the earli est B odleian M S S . have , A uct . F . iv. 30, eoleeto
sem ine, D’Orv. x . 1
, 5, 24 , collecto sem ina ; and the form er of
124 META JI ORPHOSE S .
these seems to be right. The bee carries flowers of which ithasgathered the seed : in other words
,the pollen or collectum sem en
fi orum .
’I t should be observed that the apparently harsh ex
pressionferrefi ores‘collec t honey, ’ m ight perhaps be justified
by the use of flares adgerere and fl ores comportare in a simi larsense in Plin . N at . H . 1 1
,20 sq .
— Cum agm en (se. ap i um)adopera proeesszt , a li ae flares adgerunt ped i bus , aliae aguam ore
guttasque lanug ine totius corporis . Quae fl ares comportant,pri oribus ped i bus fem ina on erant propter id na tura seabra.
Virgil,i n G . 4 , 54 , uses the words m etunt fl ares of bees gather
ing honey. Flores , m orever, m ay be used for the sap o fflowers
,
’
i .e . honey,as nerbis, for ‘ the juice of herbs
,
’in vii .
149 :
Pervigilem superest herbis sopire draconem .
The reading o f the text may therefore describe the twofoldoperation o fco llecting honey and collec ting pollen . The epi thetfl on
'
legae is applied to bees in xv. 366. Florifer is limi ted tothe sense of ‘flowe ry ’ ; see Lucr. 3, 1 1 .
929 . G eni al ia s erta , festal garlands.
’ A ccording toR oman ideas, each m an had a guardian de i ty , or gen ius , whomit was usual t o propi tiate by offerings on festive occasions ;hence gen io indu lg ere : to enj oy yoursel f. C f. iv. 14 : g enialis
m m,
‘ the grape which m ake th glad the hear t of man.
’ x . 95platanus gen ialis ,
‘ the plane-tree under which festivals wereceleb rated .’
930sq . Prim us , &c. ,
‘I was the first who sat on that turf,while drying my dripping lines.
’
932. R ecen serem ,
‘number . ’ O rd ine , ‘ in a row.
’
933. In sup er, &c‘I laid them out on the turf.’
935. R es s im i li s fi ctae , se . rei w’
detur.
‘ I t seem s like a
ficti on but what m otive can I have to invent a fiction ? ’
936. M ea praeda , the fish I had caught.
937 . M u ta re latus , ‘ to spring from side to side.
’N i t i ,
to make their way.
’ In may be supplied before term from in
942.
‘B ut what kind of grass is i t, said I , that has snob
power as this sc. to b ring dead fish to life.
METAMORPHOSES .
6965. Tu , Scylla. Tan g eri s ,
‘ touched.’ Cf. x.14 :
Nccforma tangor, po teram tamen hacquoque tangi .
967 . S cy lla furen s . The reading of the text is that ofMerke l
,after M , a Florentine M S . of the close of the eleventh
century. Haupt reads S cylla deum .
968 . The epi the t Titanis is applied to C irce asbe ing a daughterof the sun. P rodi g i osa at r ia , translated byLewis and S hort‘ the marvellous halls but it rather m eans the halls filled withprodigies or unnatural form s
’ in reference to C irce changingm en into various animals. S ee xiv. 9, 10
,254 sq. S ee also
the use ofprodig ium in line 917.
INDEX.
THE N UMERA LS REFER TO THE N OTE S .
A b.I05. 597. 720
A b i re , 674 .
A cceptus, 467.
A cerra, 703.
A cies, 207 .
A cis, 7 19.
A ctorides, 273.
A dmovere, 454 .
A dsuetus, 554 .
A dversus, 54 1, 614 .
A e tas, 827.
A ethiopis, 284 , 576 .
A gnoscere, 27.
A it, 265.
A jax, 2 .
A 1}, S,
3~
Al iqui d, 24 1 .
Alli teration, 386.A lter. 775. 946Amb iguus, 129 .
Ambi tiosus, 289.
A mbo, 299 .
A naphora, 8 , ; 85.
A ndraemon, 357.
A ngulus, 884 .
A ni lis, 533.
A nius, 623.
A ntandrus, 628 .
An teit, 366.
B enigni or, 253.
B ibulus, 901 .
-b i lis,adj ec tives in
,857.
B ona,139.
B oreas, 4 18 .
Bustum, 452 , 515.
Buthrotos, 72 1 .
Caelam ina,29 1 .
C aelatus, 1 10.
C aerulus,288
, 742, 962.
A nticlea, 48 .
A ntistita, 4 10.
A ntrum, 763;
A uxins, 37 1 .
A onius,682 .
A pollineus, 631 .
A postrophe, 927 .
A rc tos, 293, 726.
A rgum entum, 684 .
A rsurus, 2 74 .
A sper, 700.
A styanax, 4 15.
A trides, 439 ,
A ugurium ,650.
A usonius, 708 .
A ut,672 .
A versus, 229.
1 28
C aptivus, 252, 471 .
C arbasus, 4 19.
C arere , 139.
C ertam en, 129 .
C essare , 326.
C hiasmus, 138 , 550.
C ircum ire , 824 .
C langor , 61 1 .
Colcha Colchica, 24 .
C ommunia, 271 .
C ommunicare , 239.
C omm unis, 303.
C omparatio compendiaria,C onci tare
,226.
C onclamare, 73.
C onferre , 6, 338.C onjuncta, 96.Consedere , 1 .
Consonus, 610.
C onsors,663.
C onspec tus, 794 .
C ontemptus, 859.
C ornu, 893.
C orona, 1 .
C oronae , 75.
C orpus, 368.
C orripere , 69 .
Cragaleus, 705.
C rataeis, 749.
C rater, 700.
C rim en, 303.
Culpa, 300.
Cultu, 163.
Cum crimine, 46.
Cuneatus, 778 .
C yllenius,146.
Cythereius, 625.
Danaas classes, 92.
Dardanius, 334 .
Debi ta, 53.
INDEX.
E cce , 91.Educere , 393.
Ejectus, 536.
E panalepsis, 58 1 , 77
E piphonema,84 .
E rgo,620.
B rigi , 234 .
E st,135. rss.
E t, 6, 262 , 498 .
érepozodneva , 7 13.
E tiamnum,668 .
Eurypylus, 357
E ventus,278.
Exiguus, 409 .
Expellere , 394 , 562 .
Exsecrari, 329.
Externus, 406.
D eerunt, 8 19.
D efecto popli te, 477.
D egravare 776.
De li ciae , 831 .
D elius,650.
D em ittere, 436, 694 .
D eploratos, 48 1 .
D etrectare , 36, 271 .
D eus, 147.
D evorare, 540.
D evovere , 330.
Diversas urbes, 294 .
D olon, 98 , 243, 253.
D olor,18 1
, 494 .
D om inus, 2 , 138, 389, 402, 487.D otare , 523.
Dub i tabilis,21.
Dubius, 754 .
Ducere, 922 .
Dulichius, 107, 425, 711 .
Duodeni, 618 .
Durae sortes, 184 .
Dymantis,620.
130 INDEX.
Lo cus, 156, 263. N e facite , 447 .
Luce,100. N efandas, 203.
Lustrare , 610. N em pe , 93, 178 , 339.
Lu teus, 579 . N eop tolem us, 455.
Lyrnesia, 176. N ereia, 162.
N i ti , 937 .
N ob ilis, 794 .
Magna loqui . 222 . N obilitas 22 .
M aj or, 359, 651 . N on acqua, 131 .
M ala sors, 485. N onus,277 .
M ale convicti, 58 . N oster, 331, 752 .
M aligne,270. N ovus, 406.
M anure,629 . N udum
,159.
M anes, 448 .
M anus, 382 , 403.
M arm oreus, 746. Obesse , 463.
M ate r,678 . Octoni , 753.
M atres,688 . O drysius, 554 .
M aturior, 300. O ebalius, 395.
M ed ius, 780. O psm , 669 .
M em ini, 280. Orbator. 500.
M e m iserum , 230. O rion. 692.
M emnon, 576. O scula, 491.
M eri tis, 150, 372.
M i , 503.
M ihi, 67.
M inor , 354 .
M oderatior, 356.
M oles, 75, 884 , 9 16, 922.
M oniti somni , 2 16.
M ora,205, 225, 300, 458 , 889.
M ortalia, 70.
M unus, 296, 51 1 , 525, 679.
M urmur,124 .
Mum s, 281 .
M utare , 937.
N am , 140, 21 1 .
N atales, 753.
N atus,1 1 1, 645, 661.
N aupliades, 310.
Nee, 263.
Palaem on, 9 19.
Palam edes, 34 .
Parentalis, (119 .
Parentes , 449 .
Pars una, 51.
Patens, 31 1.
Pater , 187 , 669.
Patria, 42 1 .
Pe c tus,290, 326.
Pecus, 82 1 .
Pelasga, 268 .
Pel ias. 109 .
Penetrab ilis, 857.Penet rale , 337.Pensa, 51 1.
Pensare , 192, 372 .
Per. 146. 744Perfidus, 246.
INDEX. 131
Petnt , 443. Quo , 103, 518 .
Phaeax’ Quoquen 631 S711 734 °
Phr gins, 44 , 432.
Pht'
a, 156.
P inna, 724 .
Pinniger, 963.
Pius, 301, 62 1, 626.
Placare, 448 .
Ple iadas,293.
Plural for singular, 82,Poean tia proles, 45.
Po lym estor, 436.
Pondere, 86 .
Positus, 543.
Po ssis, 664 .
Po teremur, 130.
Po ti tur, 729 .
Praeda, 936 .
Praefodere , 60.
Praesto , 312 .
Praetervehi , 7 13.
Priam e ius, 404 .
Priam ides, 99.
Pro .5. 758Proavitus, 4 16.
Probare, 59 .
Procella, 656.
Prodesse in,29.
Prodig io sus, 968.
Producere, 323.
Pré fecturus, 4 1 1 .
Projicere , 166.
Pronepo s, 14 1 .
Prosequi , 679.
Pro teus, 9 18 .
P rrhus 1y 1 55785, 916.
Qua, 1 15, 39 1 .
Quamvis , 463.
Que , 258 .
Qui after m eum est, 237.
Q uin , with imper. , 458 .
R apere. 77s
R ast rum , 765.
R ecensere, 48 1, 932 .
R éferre,14 1, 268 , 443,
R éfert,268 .
R eficere,172 .
R eligare , 439 .
R em D anaam , 59.
R em i ttere, 702.
R em o tus,100 .
R epellere,273.
R epe tere, 739 .
R epo nere , 235.
R epo scere , 179 .
R erum , 508 .
R esecutus, 749.
R esolvere,126.
R estare , 947.
R esupinus, 86.
R orare , 621.
S acrificus, 589.
S arpedon ,255.
S atus , 123.
S c il ice t,288 .
S cyrus, 156 , 175.
S ecre ta, 555.
S ecundus, 4 18 .
S ed enim,14 1.
S edula, 928.
S em en, 928 .
S entire , 287 , 504,S eptemplex, 2 .
S eries,29 .
S ervire , 8 20.
S icania, 724 .
S icut erat , 585.
S igeum , 3.
132
S igna, 4 12.
S i lentes,25.
S im ilis, 442 .
S imul, 545.
S ine crim ine, 57 .
S inist ra, 1 1 1 .
S isyphus,26.
S ithonius, 57 1 .
S ocius, 328 , 375, 949 .
S oens, 71 .
S o l. 793
8 0115, 563.
S patiosus, 206.
S pectari, 120.
59 65.04S po li is, 153.
S pondee in fifth foot, 407,
S tare, 325.
S t ridere, 904 .
S ub, 34 . U l timus, 6, 12 0
S ubducere , 61. Usus,2 1 1
3,
4 3 494
S ub lim e,283. U t. 3, 177 , 447.
S uccedere , 133. U tilis, 630.
S uccessor, 51, 1 18 .
S uccessus,85.
S umm a sceptri, 191.S umm um
, 909.
S ustinere, 385, 584 , 587.
S usto llere, 54 1 .
S uus, 195.
S ymaethis, 750.
S ymaethius, 8 79.
Tantum , 855.
Telam oniades, 231 .
Telam onius,194 .
Te lemus, 770 .
Telephus , 17 1 .
Telum . 692.
Temptam en, 19.
THE END .
Tenere,190, 475, 706.
Terge ra, 347 .
Tertius ab,28 .
Thebae,173.
Thebes,685.
Theorus, 399.
Thrax , 436.
Tirynthius, 401 .
Tlepolem us,255.
Tollere , 556.
Tortilis, 9 15.
To tus, 546.
Trahere, 1 16.
Tribulus,803.
Tri ton, 9 19.
Tutius, 9 .
Tydides,68, 239 .
Valere, 89 .
Velar i, 53.
Verrere, 961 .
Vester,89 , 278, 656, 854 , 88 1 .
Ve tus, 400.
Vigil, 370.
V illosus,836.
V i rtus,2 1.
Vi trum, 791 .
Vivax, 519 .
V o latus,61 1 .
Volucris, 607 .
Vo s. 597Vovere
,88 .
Vox,2 18 .
Vulcania, 313.
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