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THOMAS ADDIS EMMET , M .D .

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

AMER ICAN IR ISH

HISTOR ICAL SOC IETY

JOHN G COYLE' M DEDITOR IAL

EDM UN D J . M CGU I RE, M lT TV IN CEN T j . O

’

RElLLY ,

CO M 55

VOLUM E XV I I I

3 5 WEST 3 911 ! ST REET

N EW YORK, N .Y .

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY

A N A PPRECIATION or DR . T HOMAS A bms EMMET, by Rev. J ohn Cavanaugh, D.D

A NNUAL MEETING OF THE A MERICAN I R I SH HISTORICAL SOCIETY .

R eport of the President-GeneralR eport of the Secretary-GeneralR eport of the T reasurer-GeneralReport of the N om inating CommitteeAmerican Irish in the Great War, by J ohn G. Cayle.

A NNUAL BA N QUET 01? THE AMERICAN I RISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY .

Address of Hon. M aurice Francis Eagan .

Address of M aj. T homas T . R eillyA ddress of R ev. Patrick J . Healy , D.D.

A ddress of M ichael J . O’

Brien,Historiographer

A ddress of William P. Larkin, LL.D. .

HI STOR I CAL PA PERS.

How THE DESCENDANTS 01? I RISH SETTLERS IN A MERICA WERE WRITTENINTO HISTORY AS “

ANGLO-SAXONS " A ND“Scorcn- Imsn

"

A N A UTHORITATIVE ACCOUNT or THE EARLIEST I R I SH PIONEERS IN N EWENGLAND, by Michael J . O

’

B rien .

SOME T RACES OF THE Imsn SETTLERS IN THE COLON Y or M A SSACHU

SET T S BAY, by Michael J . O’

B rien ”

CHAPTER OF Imsn CHA R IT Y m T HANKSGIVING HISTORY, by Michael J .

O’

B rien .

EARLY IR ISH SETTLERS A T WORCEST ER , MASS.SOME IR ISH N AM ES CULLED FROM THE OFF ICI AL RECORDS or N EW

HAMPSHIRE, by Michael J O’

B rien

STRAY HIST ORICAL Im us FROM THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE, picked

Imsn PIONEERS IN DELAWARE , by Michael J . O’

B rien .

I R I SH PIONEERS A N D SCHOOLMASTERS IN BUTLER COU NTY PEN N SYL

VANIA, by Michael J . O’

B rien

EXTRACTS FROM VIRGIN IA CHU RCH RECORDS, copied by M ichael J .

O'B rien

Imsn I MM IGRANTS FROM ENGLISH Pon'rs IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

by Michael J . O'B rien

HIST OR ICAL GLEANINGS FROM MASSACHU SETTS RECORDS, contributedby George F . 0

'Dwyer

JOHN BOYLE, UNITED Imsmum A N D HI S A MERICAN DESCENDANTS, by

COL . JOHN FITZGERALD, A I D-DE-CAM P A N D SECRETARY TO GEN .

GE ASHINGTON , by Rev. T homas P . Phelan, A .M . , LL.D..

5

PAGE

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS

N ECROLOGY .

EDM UN D J .

THOM AS Anms EMM ET .

JonN P. HOPKI NS .

Foam op A PPLICA TION FOR MEM BERSHI P .

MEM BERSHIP ROLL or THE A M ERICAN Imsn HISTORICAL SOCIETY

T HOMAS ADD IS EM M ET , M . D .

A PERSON AL T R IBU T E

BY THE REVEREN D JOHN CAVANAUGH , c . s. c . , D . D .

There is a charm that eludes analysis in studying the family

history of a great man . To trace far back the thin streams beg inning , perhaps , in obscure , far-away springs and trickling downthrough time by devious ways to meet their confluence in him ,

is an adventure that piques curiosity in both writer and reader.

You always know a man betterwhen you have got a close view of“the rock from which he was hewn and the cave from which he

was digged .

” I f Tennyson could truly boast “ I am a part of all

whom I have met” what shall be said of those mystic influences

ex haling from great ancestry ,— especially when they were of a

brilliance to attract the eye of the whole world , of a splendor tofill even strangers with pride in our common humanity , and tinc

tured with such heroism and romance as the world can neverforget . It is hard , indeed , to turn away from the fascinating

subject of the Emmet family— from young Robert ,“so intelli

gent , so generous, so brave , so everything that we are apt tolike in a young man ,

”

so lofty and intrepid in facing condemna

tion by a judge and a political system that the world has never

ceased to condemn since, the hero of every boy of Irish blood formany generations , a figure with an irresistible appeal to all who

are sensible to pathos and romance and eloquence and sublime

courage . It is even harder for the scholar to resist the tempta

tion to ex egete the life and the labors and especially the seemingly

inspired utterances and writings of Robert ’s great brother ,Thomas Addis Emmet , who w as the chief philosopher of the

glorious but ill-fated movement of which Robert was the man of

action. The late Doctor Emmet always maintained , in his talks

with me , that his grandfather w as the greater of the tw o brothers

in everything ex cept the infinite pathos of a young man’

s death .

A nd even those of us who can still be moved to tears and thrills

by the eloquence of that unforgettable speech from the dock areconstrained to admit that in scholarship , in vision, and in states

manship the name of Thomas Addis Emmet has not yet receiveddue appreciation from historical sobriety . It is hard , I say , to

9

10 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

turn away from these great names , and yet precisely because they

are so great and because the world knows them so well (largely

through the reverential devotion of the subject of this sketch)we must for the present resist the temptation.

Even Doctor John Patten Emmet and Mary Tucker , the

parents of the late Thomas Addis Emmet , must be passed over

with a mere salute;for them , too , the subject of these pages has

pictured in words of such filial eloquence as the world will longdelight to read . Their influence was naturally the strongest of

all in his early days. From them he inherited directly the

aristocratic complexion of his mind , his love of ideals , and thepower to keep his face always uplifted to the stars while main

taining his hold on the solidities and the prosaic duties of life .

Alluring as this subject is it has no particular place in this story .

When the late ThomasAddis Emmet began hiswork as a youngphysician he was appointed to the staff of the Emigrant RefugeHospital on Ward ’

s Island . It was an ex acting and laborious

position under the best of conditions, and for a young man with

his fine conscientiousness and his sympathetic sense of the needs

of the poor people who trusted in him , it had a heroic side . He

never missed his regular visits to them even when every consid

cration of prudence and simple common sense would not only

have justified , but dictated the omission . More than once , for

example , when the ordinary means of transportation over thewater were not available , in the depth of winter ,with sharp winds

screeching and broken ice menacing and the mercury crouchingin the bulb , he went to the hospital in a row-boat rather thanmiss

his visit to these poor patients. More than once , too , he nar

row ly escaped with his life , and I have seldom heard more harrowing stories than those which deal with the ex periences and

perils of these trips. It was characteristic of him to do this thing

in his youth and to look back on it with serene satisfaction in his

old age. I believe he was prouder of this early fidelity to duty

than of the most rilliant triumphs of a later day ;and indeed it

was to the heroic discipline derived from these ex periences and

the addiction to incessant labor that went with them that heascribed the powers and energies that made his life great .

Then came his providential meeting with Doctor J . Marion

Sims who was just then one of the most dazzling figures in themedical world . He had succeeded in arousing great enthusiasm

THOMA S ADDIS EM M ET , l l . D. I I

for the new Women’

s Hospital and naturally those who had been

so generous in helping to upbuild it ex pected large returns in

service . Probably no more difficult situation could have been

selected for a young physician with only five years’ ex perience ,

and yet the hospital w as hardly open before Doctor Sims de

parted for Europe leaving Emmet in what was supposed to be

temporary charge , but in reality with the entire responsibility

for administering and developing the new hospital and for keepingthose large promises to the world that had been made by thei llustrious Doctor Sims in good faith and with an earnest purpose

o f fulfillment. Nearly six ty-five years afterwards he spoke to mewith something like awe of the difficulties and the successes of

that work in a new and almost untried field .

“ I w as only

tw enty-six years of age at the time” he said “

and if I had saved2 or 3 per cent of the cases that came to me it would havebeen all I had a right to ex pect . A s a matter of fact I saved

95 per cent .” Then followed one of those beautiful moments of

self-revelationwhen he lifted the veils from his soul and gave youa glimpse of heights and depths that the world never suspected .

“ I have always believed , he said in such a moment ,“ that God

sent me into the world to do a special work . I . have always felt

I w as only an instrument and that what others considered in

stinctive judgments and intuition and genius were direct inspira

tions from God . Instead of being puffed up by this incredibly

great success I was humbled and brought to my knees .

” This

exquisite humility and strong sense of the supernatural accom

panied him throughout his life and made him a fascinating figure

amid the bustle and worldly absorption of life in modern NewYork .

Of his work as the greatest of American gynecologists duringall the years of his professional life I am not the

‘

man to speak .

A t great banquets held in his honor distinguished colleagues

(their ow n names household words in many countries) paid

enthusiastic tribute from time to time to their acknowledgedleader. Before Emmet’s time American medical men were

known only as students and not as teachers in the great professioual schools of Europe . I t was his privilege to be the first

American voice heard uplifted in teaching on the other side of thesea. His tex t-books, translated into many languages, became thescriptures of authentic doctrine on all questions dealing with h is

12 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

specialty , and he enjoys the dazzling distinction of being the

founder (as I believe) , and certainly the chief developer of thescience of plastic surgery . The technician has long since done

him full justice for thiswork , but surely a plain man may say his

word in exaltation of the noble workerwho has laid the women ofthe world under greater obligation than any other scientific man

who ever lived . Hardly had he taken up hiswork in theWomen’

s

Hospital when patients began to flock to him from places as

remote as India , and from that time until his professional l ife

ended great multitudes of the afli icted and the despairing made a

path to his door. It w as not merely the deftness of his hand nor

the cunning of his genius that crowned him with such great suc

cess. It was some such sense of universal priesthood in medicineas the Holy Father feels in religious work for the entire world .

Money he must have , of course , to keep the great institution

going efficiently , and from those who could give money in return

for his wizardry and devotion he took his fee;but the great title

to his service w as the human need , and no poor woman ever had

less than perfect ministration at his hands merely because she

was without means. I f men who deserve monuments alwayegot them in this hustling and advertising world there would bs

l ifted up in honor of Emmet a monument almost as high as the

monument to Washington in the Capital of our country . Someday I hope that monument will find its place in the great City ofNew York to which his name lent such distinction , and when it

comes it ought to come out of the grateful hearts and memoriesof American women.

Genius, being dynamic and not static in essence , always functions;and it seems to make little differencewhat particular engineis available at the moment . When Doctor Emmet , having passed

the scriptural three score years and ten, retired from the active

practice of his profession he plunged with all his natural intensityand enthusiasm into the work of writing . All his life long he had

been in odd moments poignantly interested in the drama of Irish

history in which his forebears had played such leading r61es. Itwas the call of the blood in the first place , and it was also a good

man’

s indignation at the triumph of cruel dom ination and unjustexploitation of one people by another , that drove him with des

perate enthusiasm to serve the Irish cause . All the energies ofhis vigorous nature , all the resources of his accumulated fortune ,

THOMA S ADDIS EM M ET T , M . D. 1 3

all the passionate impulses of his superb fighting temper went

ungrudgingly into the work . His name made him the link

between the ancient memories and the modern dream s . He w as

of the royal priesthood of political Ireland . He was the bard ofher ancient glories and the prophet of her triumphs in the days to

come. The scattered children of the Gael who enjoyed in this

noble republic the liberty for which centuries of deprivation had

made them ahunger and athirst looked up to Doctor Emmet as a

clansman of feudal Ireland looked up to his chief. He was not

alone,of course , in this noble distinction, but he held a special

and peculiar place for family reasons, and his inspiring preach

ments carried with them not only the force of their own eloquence

but a connotation which no other personality could command .

By the leaders of the Irish cause at Home ” he was trusted and

honored and deferred to , so that for many years he stood as a

natural interpreter of one group of Irish-blooded men to another .

Of apostolic journeyings and strategic councils he endured many ,

and to the end of his days there was no limit to his labors ex cept

the waning of h is powers and energies. A nd as the great King

Brian, in his ex treme age when he w as too feeble to fight or evento ride his horse into the fray , was borne by strong and worship

ping arms among h is impatient soldiers, the cross uplifted in h ishand and his voice raised in encouragement and counsel , so the

wasted and almost wraith-like figure of the venerable DoctorEmmet was a trumpet call and a flag for grave and earnest men

to hear and follow .

His most permanent service to the cause, of course , is to be

found in the books he wrote , the story of his illustrious family

(as well as his autobiography) and his far-flung studies into the

effect of English rule on Ireland’

s destiny . His familiar acquaintance with the best that has been thought and written about the

old land w as merely another form of the operation of the geniushe had earlier manifested in scientific work .

I n 1867 Doctor Emmet became a Catholic . His life , hitherto ,had been so engrossed in benevolent professional work that inspite of the constant inspiration of h is home and the radiant

example of his noble Catholic wife he had never seriously con

fronted the question of religious thought as a science . One dayhe accompanied his wife to a little church and heard an exposi

tion of the Catholic claims. It w as characteristic of him that he

14 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

walked straight to the priest after the sermon and demanded to bereceived into the church . Of course he was put off till he shouldreceive full instruction and this decision he accepted not without

some human grumbling, for all his life long he had been accustomed to deciding things quickly and carrying them out immedi

ately . He had been fully convinced by the preacher that theclaim to infallible teaching by the church was valid and everything else followed as a matter of course. I n his case the businessof instruction was quickly and surely accomplished , for the thingswhich to the ordinary mind might seem obscure and questionableat once became clear and lightsome in his crystal thought .

From that time on his religious faith and his religious dutieswere as much a part of his ex istence as the breath of his body .

He never afterwards ex perienced religious doubt , though he hadlittle of what is called emotional fervor ex cept a passionate devo

tion—characteristically Irish— to his rosary . One day in his veryold age he discussed with me a religious scruple .

“ I hear a great

deal about the love of God , and I fear I haven’t any of it at all.

”

He had seen so much of the ex ternal ex pression of religious feelingand enthusiasm in voice and nerves and manner that his ow n profound sense of the constant presence of God and his saint-likefidelity to every form of pious duty did not appear to him as

worthy to be called love of God . When the simple ex planation

was forthcoming he gave up his scruple on the instant and fell

back like a tired child on his pillow and was once more in perfect

peace . That w as the nearest he ever came to wavering .

Naturally so beautiful a nature and so strong a soul was rich inprismatic virtues. It would not have been at all surprising if his

long career as a highly specialized surgeon had blunted his per

ception of the beautiful virtue of the modesty of the body , yet it

w as distinctly the contrary development that took place . One of

the most delicate tributes I have ever heard paid to this -so at

least it seems in our day— frail and ethereal virtue fell from his

l ips;it was such a tribute as could never be devised by human

speech on the spur of the moment , but must inevitably be thefruit of a long life of chaste living and spotless thought .

Something of this beautiful quality constantly showed itself in

his daily relationships. Nothing could ex ceed the mingled ten

derness and manliness of his friendships with men. A mind

richly stored with the spoils of thought and reading, and a long

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

16 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

were assembled from far and near to pay tribute . A t the tablesin front of them were gathered beautiful women and brilliant

men. A t that same moment a sim ilar dinner was being held inhonor of Doctor Emmet in San Francisco . A wire had beencleared through the entire distance from New York to the Cityof the Golden Gate, and each diner in each banquet hall wasprovided with a telephone receiver which enabled him to hear allthat w as said at both gatherings, separated as they were by fourthousand miles. To me w as accorded the honor, probably

because I was at the time president of the University of NotreDame which had conferred the Laetare Medal on Doctor Emmet ,of paying the personal tribute. Doctor Emmet himself, though

set down on the program as the guest of honor was of necessity

absent, being confined to his bed not only by the infirm ities of

age (which would have been overcome for this occasion) , but by

a severe attack of shingles which inflicted the most ex asperating

discomfort;and yet though absent in the body he seemed all

pervasively present , so harmonious w as the assemblage in itsreverential worship of the aged patriot. When my address w asconcluded the faithful Doctor Ford , his physician, spirited me

away to Doctor Emmet’

s bedside for a moment ’s chat , while the

festivities went on. The wire between N ew York and San Francisco w as still active and it was literally true that the continent

of America over its whole breadth w as at that moment musicalwith Irish song and eloquence. Doctor Emmet lamented h isenforced absence and then added with whimsical humility “ I

will have to be more careful of my soul than ever now for the olddevil will be after me more and more on account of all this praise

and honor .”

Another day he summoned me all the way from Notre Dame ,Indiana, onwhat he said was a hurried and urgent errand . When

I reached his bedside I discovered that he wanted to arrange thedetails of his funeral , though his death did not actually takeplace till some years afterwards. His sons were called into theroom and the old patriarch announced the arrangements on

which he had decided . T he funeral must be held in St. Patrick’

s

Cathedral . Cardinal Farley would ofi‘iciate. I f he were prevented it must be B ishop Cusack , then of Albany . The other

officers of the requiem mass were duly selected and I was namedto preach the sermon. The pall bearers were chosen and among

THOM A S ADDI S BM M ET T , M . D. 17

them was one whom the venerable man believed , no doubt m istakenly , to have done him grave wrong . Therewas mingled m ischief and Christian forgiveness in the w ay Doctor Emmet plannedto heap coals of fire upon this good man ’

s head . Ag ain the curious humor : “Wouldn

’

t I like to get a look at him out of thecorner of my eye when he carries me into the church .

” Whenthe time finally came Doctor Emmet was not buried from St.

Patrick’

s Cathedral , for reasons which I never understood . Car

dinal Farley did not ofiiciate, for he had preceded Doctor Emmetto the grave . Nor did B ishop Cusack because he, too , hadpassed into eternity . Neither the officers of the mass nor the

pall bearers were those chosen by Doctor Emmet , and I did not

preach the sermon because I was in the California woods whenEmmet died and did not hear of his death till after the funeral .Somehow it did not strike me as singular that all these directionswent astray. It seemed symbolic of the period of obscurationin everything except spiritual and mental beauty that had fallenon his life in the final years.

But nothing could change or weaken the dauntless spirit ofthis glorious old man. When he made his will he included this.

wonderful passage embodying a thought I had often heardex pressed in our chats :

From my Faith in God and ultimate Justice, the stronger is my belief inRestitution to be revoked by individual action, but inevitable for the punishment of a N ation. T he I rish People have suffered from persecution to an

extent never before inflicted upon any other race, and through many centurieshave borne the burden in preparation for her own future government. Y et the

atonement has not been reached, possibly yet due for the want of unity amongthemselves as a people, and for having ceased the use of their native language,God ’s Special designation for them to indicate their N ationality. God has ,

done more for I reland than for any other favored territory of the same extent,and nowhere has man done so little. I ntellectually, God has favored the

I rish People as individuals, and scattered over the world at large, no other racehas done more for the development and happiness of other people. Com

paratively, England is in the decrepitude of old age, and living on the wealthof other peoples, while I reland, after her regeneration w ill have yet to gain thevigorof youth ,and inJusticeEng land must some timebecome an I rish Province..

T his belief is a fam ily inheritance. Let the student of I rish history study“T he Decree

”written during the American Revolution by Christopher

T emple Emmet, the first of the fam ily to question the A cts of Eng land towards :

I reland. With this belief there prophesied,—that a change is near at hand,I made this additional provision to my w ill and w ish when it is probated thatthis provision should be published as my last words to the I rish People, to

18 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCIETY.

whose welfare I have devoted the study and work of a lifetime. A fter mydeath I direct that my body be temporarily placed in my vault at Wh itePlains until my Executor is able to arrange for a suitable place for my burialin the Glasneven Catholic Cemetery in Dublin, I reland. A s I grow older, mydesire becomes stronger to rest finally in the land from which my family came.

I direct my Executor to set aside the sum of T wenty-five T housandDollars and to expend the same in making such arrangements as he may deemnecessary and fitting for such interment, including the erection of a suitablemonument to my memory to bemade from stone, preferably gneiss, on accountof the moist climate of I reland, from my native land, said monument to beplaced by the side of my remains in the Glasneven Catholic Cemetery.

I s this final wish of Doctor Emmet ever to be granted ? Perhaps the hour is not far distant when some Irish artisan— to beforever distinguished in history as a personas memorable as that

other who (in an hour perhaps not too remote) will take his standon a broken arch of London B ridge to sketch the ruins of St.

Paul ’s—will carve upon a slab of expectant and grateful Irishgranite the epitaph of Robert Emmet. Perhaps the venerated

dust of Robert Emmet may be gathered from this obscure resting

place to be inurned underneath that stone ,— for Doctor Emmet

told me once of a trad ition that there was one I rish family that

the day shall come when the secret may be divulged and the

sacred dust gathered for memorial honors and reverential burial .That would be a suitable hour for the home-coming of him whomay in a certain sense be called the last of the Emmets, who

embodied 1n his life work their genius, their noble nature , and

their passionate devotion to Ireland , who kept alive the fires ofremembrance on the altars of the old-fashioned I rish patriotism .

M ay the Irish sod ,i f so be, show a richer green above his grave ,

and may the blessing of Patrick , Brigid and Colum-Cille rest on

his sweet memory !

TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AM ERI

CAN IRISH HIST ORICAL SOC IETY , HELD AT THE

ROOMS OF THE SOCIETY , 3 5WEST 3 oth STREET,

N EW YORK CIT Y , ON JANUARY 4TH, 1919.

The Meeting was called to order by President-General J . I .

C . Clarke. Members from many Statesw ere present, includinga large number from Massachusetts.

Voted that the roll call be dispensed with .

Voted that the reading of the minutes of the tw entieth annualmeeting be dispensed with .

M r. CLARKE : Gentlemen, I have a report to make and I takegreat pleasure in reading it to you .

REPORT PRES I DENT-GENERAL.

The year which has gone by—one of widely devastating warabroad and of gigantic war effort here in which the valor , theenergy ,

'

the devotion , the brain-power, the muscle-power , themoney-power of the nationwonderfully conjoined ,

— has ended ina peace bringing victory to our cause—the cause of humanity .

America may w ell congratulate herself on the result . That thearmistice of November I I will lead to a definite peace early inthis year is the firm belief of the best judges. Such a peace as

may bring the right readjustment to lands and peoples and makefor steady progress of civilization is the ideal toward which weare striving. The two-million soldiers in training in this countryare already in process of discharge from army and navy camps.

Thewounded soldiers from the front in France are returninghome ,a glorious if pathetic stream . Soon the American fighters themselves— two million of them—will be pouring back, while thenation rearranges its civil life to suit the altered circumstances.

There is full faith that it can be done now as it was done at theclose of the Civil War in 1865. We have , therefore , every hopethat the present year will be one of great home activity , theresumption of individual effort taking place in the light of thepatriotism awakened by thewar and , therefore, with a new sense

of historical values in the relation of events to their causes andefiects. It is reasonably certain too that a new era of prosperity

20 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ETY .

w ill accompany this task of taking up anew the processes of civillife and workaday achievements. I n all this one finds cause forsatisfaction.

Upon what more inviting basis could we look forward to theimmediate future of our Society? I n the awakened and stimu

lated historical sense the Irish race in America has every right toshare , and undoubtedly will do so . A nd if our Society be rightlyguided and administered to the full strength of its intellectuality ,

the result should be great in largely increased numbers, live andwidespread interest in its work, and that solidification of assetswhich will mean continued , secure and faithful existence .

One great reason for this hope and trust lies in the fact thatthe call of America made vital and actual a superb movement of

the Irish race in America in support of the war as well as a distinguished , a glorious participation in the actual fighting . Whileit will not be possible for some time in dealing with the greatrecord thus made to assign definitely to our people their exactshare in the tremendous enterprise on behalf of human freedom ,

the American Irish H istorical Society should work conscientiouslyto bring the great task to a close in a couple of years. With ourmembership in forty-six states, taking advantage of the war

tabulations by the general government as well as those of thestates, joining assiduously in the work of other bodies w ith likeobjects, the work may be successfully accomplished . I commendthis task with all possible emphasis to the Society . It will bethe test of our worthiness, this writing of the new and splendidIrish Chapter in American History. It should result in a com

pilation of the history of the deeds of the brave in the ranks asamong the officers. It should give as exact as possible a statement of numbers. It should possess such a mass of collectedlists of participants as to be a treasure house of names and locations of participants. A nd not only on the military or fightingside, but among the men of our race who have wrought to greatends on the civil and constructive side . The story for instance

of our fellow-member , John D . Ryan’

s taking over at the call ofPresident Wilson the tangled , wasteful and inefficient aviationconstruction, and w ith sw ift strokes reducing it to order and

concentrated efiort and directing it to massed production is

surely a theme for our best pens. A nd so in many other depart

ments. We want and should have them all .

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UA L M EET I N G. 21

Our true place in American l ife , our true level in Amerimnh istory must be stated without exaggeration and upon all theattainable facts . We have done much for the remoter past.Let us not lose step with the mighty present. From no finer

result of historic acumen and tireless efl‘ort could we turn to thenew task than from the volume very shortly to be published ,

show ing beyond doubt the share of the Irish race in the War ofthe American Revolution,

— the work of the historiographer ofthe Society , M r. M ichael J . O

’

Brien. It will challenge highauthorities and prove its case. It will , I believe , be the final,unassailable word on its subject-matter. The opportunity to

deal to-day with the great facts of yesterday is upon us. Maywe be worthy of it.

T he report of our Secretary-General , M r. Edward H. Daly,deals naturally with the facts with in the immed iate reach of the

Society , and little is to be added to them . The opening of therooms of the Society , giving it a dignified home and housingthe books of the splendid John D . Crimmins’ Library, as well asits own books, is a matter of the highest note . It is open dailyand at the free service of members. It is presided over by the

Assistant-Secretary , M iss Mary C . Donelin, who will assist allvisitors, and all our members are cordially invited . It has in

volved an added expense , but , it is believed that when its ad

vantages are appreciated , and our members rise as they should

that the additional expense will be readily absorbed . The con

stant imperative calls by the government for the Liberty Loans,the number of calls by the great ministering benevolences

the Red Cross, the Knights of Columbus, the Y . M . C . A . , the

Salvation Army and the scores of funds covering a multitude of

sharply appealing charities—all these told us that our activitiesin fund-collecting should be kept with in bounds.

Now the lid is 05 . The Society makes bold to say that the

Endowment Fund should be increased wi th all the energy possible . We have always been proud that despite our small yearlydues, the Society has never been in debt : that its Endowment

Fund still stands to its cred it . We have not increased our

membership in the past year, but that we have held our own is

quite a record in times like the year 1918 .

Such a loss to the Society as that susta ined in the death within

two weeks past of M r. R . C . O’

Connor, of the California Chap

22 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ETY .

ter, our beloved Vice-President-General, is hard to replace. A

scholar, a man of refined thought and expression, a dignified man ,a being of genial soul and hospitable habit , and an enthusiast inthe work of the Society , our thanks are due to the NominatingCommittee in finding in M r. Robert P;Troy of the same Chapter,a worthy successor to M r. O

’

Connor.

That they have not seen “fit to relieve me of the ofiice I hold ,

and from which I have wished to retire for a ‘

couple of years past ,I accept in the spirit they have stated it, namely that in thismoment it is not advisable to make a change , and that hereafterthe listswill be open wide as they should be.

It is a happy thing that M r. Edward H . Daly whose afl‘airsforbid his continuance in the Secretary-Generalship , to which hehas devoted many tireless years, should consent to r emain on

our Executive Council . I thank him and all the ofiicers and

members for warm support through these trying times, and Iclose this report with the h0pe that we shall from to-day rise tothe level of our opportunities.

Respectfully submitted ,

JOSEPH I . C . CLARKE ,

President-Genem l.

M r. CLARKE : The next order of business is the SecretaryGeneral ’s report.

REPORT OF THE SECRET ARY -GENERAL .

To theExecutive Council of theA merican I f ish Historical Society.

1 . Headquarters of the Society. In March of 1918 the Executive Council hired rooms at 3 5 West 3 9th Street , Manhattan,

New York City , at a rental of one hundred dollars per monthfor one year for headquarters of the Society , and installed a sec

retary-stenographer at a salary of one hundred dollars per month .

This step in the direction of making our library useful to our

members was deemed advisable to be taken then by the terms ofthe generous bequest by Hon. John D . Crimm ins of his books on

I rish history, literature and art provided the said Society isprepared to receive the gift.Considering that this implied a wish on the part of ‘

the donor

that his books should be advailable for public use, the Council

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24 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

S ince the last report o f the Secretary the follow ing books havebeen received and acknow ledgment made to the donors :

Publications inHistory, T he N ame California, Vol. 4, N o. 4.

T he Formation of the State of Oklahoma " (1803 Vol. VI .

Publications in Zoology, T he Subspecies of the M ountain Chickadee.

“T he Ethics of Cc-operation,

" James H. T ufts.

Educator Journal,”Vol. XVI I I , N O. 8 .

Free Public Library of J ersey City.

“27th Annual Report of the Board of T rustees.

Library of Congress.

“Handbook of M anuscripts.

Report of the Librarian.

"

Check List of Collections of Personal Papers.

Check List of the Literature and Other M aterial on the EuropeanWar.

Supplementary List of Publications, since January,M aker, Stephen J

T he Sister of a Certain Soldier.

M innesota Historical Society.

“M innesota History Bulletin, Vol. 2, N os. 4, 5, 6 and 7 .

M issouri , StateHistorical Society.

“T he M issouri Historical Review , Vol. XI I , 2, 3 , 4;Vol. X I I I , 1 .

N ewportHistorical Society.

“Bulletin N o.

T he Romance of N ewport.

T he Coddington Portrait.

"

Higher Education and Business Standards.

Creating Capital."

Bulletin N o . 25.

Bulletin N o. 26 .

Bulletin, Oct. 1918.

Society, Sons of the Revolution in the State of California.

T he Liberty Bell."

Stem , Leon.

“A ddress of Charles L. Brown upon County Donegal.

Texas StateHistorical A ssociation, The.

“T he Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXI , 3 , 4;Vol. XXI I ,1 , 2.

War, Pamphlets Concerning.

“A Declaration of I nterdependence, the Library of War Literature.

Lichnowsky , Prince.

“M y M ission to London, 1912- 1914.

M uhlon, Dr.

Revelations by an Ex -Director of Krupp's.

Sm ith , Rev. Sir Geo. A dam .

“Syria and the Holy Land.

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UA L MEET I N G. 25

Oliver, F . S.

“T he I rish Question.

Summary of Constitutional Reforms for I ndia.

Grey, Viscount.“T he League of N ations.

Rockefeller, John D., Jr.

Brotherhood of M en and N ations.

Kahn, Otto H.

“When the T ide T urned.

Hill, G . F ., M . A .

T he Commemorative M edal in the Service of Germany .

M cCurdy , Chas. A ., M . P.

“A Clean Peace.

"

Dixon, Prof.W. M acneile.

Reports on British Prison-Camps in I ndiaand Burma.

Washington University StateHistorical Society.

“T heWashington Historical Quarterly," Vol. IX, N O. 1 , 2, 3 , 4.

Wisconsin, StateH!storied Society of .“T heWisconsin M agazine of History, Vol. 1 , N o. 4;Vol. 1 1 , N O. 1 , 2.

Purchased by Society.

Hackett, Francis.

I reland.

"

3 . M eetings of the Ex ecutive Council. The Executive Councilheld four meetings at the rooms of the Society since the lastannual meeting of the Society .

4. M embership. The total membership of the Society is nowconsisting of 5 honorary , 1 13 life and annual mem

bers. Forty-three members were elected since the Secretary's

last annual report;25 resignations and 40 deaths were reportedto the Secretary during the sam e period , showing a net loss in

membership of 22. This condition is normal by reason of thelack of interest in history while great events are occurring .

5. Other A ctivities. The successful dinner held on January 5,1918 , at the Waldorf-Astoria, at which the note of patriotismand service was sounded throughout , was the only public exerciseheld during 19 18 . The omission of the Field Day in the autumnwas due to the anxious times now happily past.Appreciation is due for the competent services ofM issMary C .

Donelin, the secretary in charge of the rooms of the Society .

Respectfully submitted ,

EDWARD H. DALY ,

Secretary-General.

January 4, 1919.

26 A MER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

M r. CLARKE : I want to say a word and express our thanksfor M r. Daly’

s services. We can't let him depart from this

office, even if he becomes a member of the Executive Council ,without expressing in some way our high appreciation of h isservices.

M r. DALY : I want to thank the Society for keeping me inofii ce for seven years and to say that it has been an education and

a pleasure .

M r. CLARKE : The next order of business is the TreasurerGeneral

’

s report.

AM ERICAN IRISH H ISTORICA L SOC IETY .

FOU N DAT ION FUN D.

DECEM BER 3 1 , 1918 .

Balance as shown by last report $7 19 13

Subscriptions received since last report1918

Jan. 2 Stephen FarrellyFeb. 13

3 200 00

Received from other sourcesT ransfer from General FundI nterest bank balances

T otal receipts 1 ,246 71

Balance on deposit w ith M etropolitanT rust C0.,

Fifth Avenue Branch .84

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE T REASURER-GENERAL.

Fox 1 3 11 YEAR ENDI N G DECEM BER 3 1 , 1918.

Balance on hand at December 3 1 , 19 17 , date of last

reportReceived since date of last report

Disbursed since date of last report

Balance of cash in hands of T reasurer-General 3 7

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UAL M EET I N G. 27

ASSET S OF THE SOC I ETY .

Sscunrrms AN D CA SH of the Society in T reasurerGeneral's hands December 3 1 , 1918

T hree N ew Y ork City 4 per cent corporate stock for

each—due 193 6 , 1955, 1959 .

Two N ew Y ork City 4} per cent corporate stock for$1 ,000each—due 1960, 1962

U . 5. Liberty bonds 3 } percent of 1917U . 5. Liberty bonds 4 per cent of 19 17- 1 1

Cash on hand—a ll Iunds—inM etropolitan T rust C0., Fifth AvenueBranch .

Em igrants I ndustrial Savings Bank

— $rs.622.79

SUM M A RY OF RECEI PTS A N D DI SBURSEM EN T S FOR THE YEA R1918.

RECEI PT S.

Balance on hand December 3 1 , 1917 . 3 2

Received since (late of last report :Subscription to Foundation Fund .

Life M embership fees—smembersM embership fees—old membersAnnual fees—21 new membersI llinois Chapter—ao new members“

California Chapter membersJournals .

Quarterly JournalsI nterest on bank balances .

I nterest on I nvestments

T otal receipts for the year

T otal to be accounted for .88

Dissunsmmm s.

Printing Journal and expenses

Executive Council expenses

Deficiency annual banquet 1917Expenses for annual banquet 1919

28 A M ER I CAN I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

HistoriographerCalifornia Chapter expensesPress clippingsM iscellaneousPurchasing booksEngrossing certificatesFurniture and fix turesRent February to December 3 1

T otal disbursements .51

Balance cash on hand :Emigrants I ndustrial Savings Bank $88 50M etropolitan T rustCc .

—G eneral Fund . 13 1 .03

M etropolitanT rustCo.—Foundation Fund 1 ,965 .84

3 7

-88

M r. CLARKE : It is really a pleasure to hear such a workmanlike report as the one just read by M r. Barrett.M r. Barrett asked that a committee be appointed to audit

the Treasurer’s books.

M r. CLARKE : The next order of business is the report of theHistoriographer.

Voted that the report of the Historiographer be received and

placed on hle.

M r. CLARKE : Now we must make a great eflort to increaseour membership . Now that we have a home of our own we can

hold a meeting every night if we desire without any added ex

pense , and I think if we work up this idea and if the New YorkChapter takes hold in the proper manner we will double ourmembership in the coming year . We should have at leastmembers, and I am sure we can do it but it requires energy ,

service and time . We could not do anything last year becauseeveryw here we went the men were away . They were in camps,in organizations, in the Red Cross and other places. But from

this on we must work, because we will not be worthy of ourselves

if we do not. We want to impress on the out of town members to

to visit this othee when in the C ity . I have a suggestion laidbefore me for a union of some other Society of this character toshare the rooms and expenses of this office. I think if we lookinto this we will find such a one. I tried to get the Friendly Sonsof St. Patrick to share this othee, but without any success. Per

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UAL M EET I N G. 29

haps if they had joined with us we could have taken this wholefloor, and if any other good Society comes forward and makesproper arrangements I think the Executive Council will be quiteproper in accepting it. Now I urge the Membership Committeeto get a larger number of efl‘ective workers.

M r. O'M alley told of a scheme to secure membership . He also

congratulated the Society on the reports, and suggested the onlyway to reach newspapers is through the medium of the check

book.

On motion of M r. Daly, duly seconded , the Treasurer-General

was authorized to pay the H istoriographer the usual amountappropriated for necessary expenses, or for the coming

year .M r. CLARKE : T he next order of busines s is the report of theNom inating Committee.

M r. Daly subm itted the following report of the Nominating

Committee :

REPORT OF NOM INATING COMM ITTEE.

T0 J oseph I C. Clarke Esq. , President-Genem l, and to the Execu

tiveCouncil of T heA merican I f ishHistorical Society.

The undersigned , members of the Nominating Committee ,appointed by the Executive Council to make recomm endationsfor candidates for the various offices to be filled at the annualmeeting of the Society to be held on January 4th , 1919 , dohereby report the following names of members selected by themto hll the follow ing offices, namely

President-General,

Vice-Pres.-General,

T reasurer-General,

Librarian and A rchivist,

Histon'

ogmpher,Ofiicial Photographer,

EXECUT IVE COUN CIL.

Hon. Chas. Scanlan, M ilwaukee ,Wis.

Patrick F . Magrath , Binghamton, N Y .

J . I . C . CLARKE , N . Y . City .

ROBERT P. TROY, San Francisco.

ALF RED M . BARRET T .

SANTIAGO , P. CAHILL.

CY R IL CR IMM IN S , N Y . City.

M ICHA EL J . O ’BRIEN , N . Y . City .

M I SS AN NA FRANCES LEVINS , N Y . C.

3 0 AMERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

Thomas Addis Emmet, N . Y . City.

James L. O'N eill, Elizabeth , N J

Patrick Cassidy.M . D Norw ich , Conn.

Thomas S. O’

Brien, Albany , N Y .

Thomas 2. Lee, Providence, R . I .

Patrick T . Barry, Chicago, I ll.

Thomas B F itzpatriclt,

R . J . Donahue ,

J . G . Coyle , M . D .,

Edward H. Daly,John G. O

’

Keefl‘e,Frank S. Gannon, N Y . C

Alfred J . Talley, N Y . City .

John J . Lenehan, N . Y .

Edward J . M cGuire, N Y . City.

Bernard J Joyce, Boston, Mass.

Louis D . Conley, N . Y . City .

Thomas A . Fahy, Philadelphia, Pa.

M ichael F . Sullivan, M . D., Lawrence,Mass.

STATE VICE-PRESIDEN T S .

Arizona, T . A . R iordan.

California, Robert P. Troy.

Colorado , James J . Sullivan.

Connecticut, Capt. Laurence O’

Brien.

Delaware, John J . Cassidy.

Florida, J . J . Sullivan.

Georgia, M ichael A . O’

Byrne.

Illinois, John M cG illen.

Indiana, Very Rev. Andrew Morrissey.

Iowa, R t. Rev. Philip J Garrigan, D. D.

Kansas, Patrick H. Coney.

Kentucky , Jam es Thompson.

Louisiana, James A O’

Shee.

Charles Mccarthy , Jr.

Maryland , M ichael P. Kehoe.

Massachusetts, Wm . T . A . Fitzgerald .

M ichigan, Tlhos.J . O’

Brien.

M innesota, C . D. O’Brien.

M ississippi , Dr. R . A . Quin.

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3 2 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

Col . David M . Flynn, Princeton,N J .

Daniel M . Brady, N Y . City .

John J . Lenehan, N . Y . City .

Edw . J . M cGuire, N . Y . City.

Jos. P. Callan, M ilwaukee,Wis.

Eugene M . O’

N eil, Pittsburgh , Pa.

Patrick F . Magrath , B inghamton, N Y .

Patrick A . O’

Connell, Boston, Mass.

Jas. D . Phelan, San Francisco, Cal.

M organ J . O’

Brien, N . Y . City .

Dated , New York, January 4th , 1919.

Respectfully submitted ,

STEPHEN FARRELLY,P. F . MAGRATH ,

T 1105. Z . LEE ,

ALFRED J TALLEY.

On motion of M r. O'Brien, duly seconded , M r. Bernard J .

Joyce was elected a member of the Ex ecutive Council .The Secretary announced that he had cast one ballot and

declared that the names read , together with M r. Joyce's, had

been elected .

M r. CLARKE : I thank you for re-electing me to the office of

President-General , but as you know for the last two years I havebeen trying to get out of the ofiice on several grounds. T he

prime reason is that we want new blood in the office. We want

new vivacity, new push . I might say that I thought to get asuccessor but did not succeed . M r. Farrelly convinced me thatI should hold on for another year. Now that we have a hom e of

our own there is no reason why we should go all over town to holdour meetings. We have two million men coming from the other

side and two million dispersing here and I am sure it is up to ourmembers to take up our cause and compile the history of theIrish race in the present war.

M r. Barrett suggested that we make known the fact that theSociety is going to compile the history of the Irish and Irish

Americans in the great war and that when such information was

made known it would bring in a great many new members.

Dr. Coyle reported for the Dinner Committee. He stated

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UAL M EET I N G. 3 3

that they had' invited some officers and men of the old 69th whowould be glad to attend the Dinner, and that the following gentlemen would address the Society at the Annual Dinner : M aj.

Gen. J . Franklin Bell , Rev. Patrick J . Healy , D .D Hon.Maurice

Francis Egan , Maj . Thomas T . Reilly , Hon. Martin Conboy,andWilliam P. Larkin.

Ou motion the meeting then adjourned till the afternoon.

AFTERNOON SESSION OF THE TWENTY-FIRSTANNUAL MEETING OF THE AM ERICAN IRISHHIST ORICA L SOC IETY

HELD A T 3 5WEST 3 91 11 STREET , N EW Y ORK CITY,

ON JANUARY 4, 1919.

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Invited M r. M . J . O’

Brien to readhis paper on Franklin’

s letters.

M R . O’

BR I EN : I have written a short paper on BenjaminFranklin’

s Irish Correspondence. It contains some facts that arenot published in any history of the American Revolution . Ifound these letters at the American Philosophical Society . Theyare not embodied here. I have prepared a long introduction ofthese letterswhich I shall not read , the destination of that introduction being the JOURN AL of the Society . I shall , however , readex tracts from the letters, and I am sure you will hnd them of

interest, because they are not published anywhere in the world ,except that the American Philosophical Society has published a

calendar of these letters, from which I got the suggestion. T he

originals are in the possession of the American Philosophical

I wrote under the name of our Am erican I rish Historical Societyto the American Philosophical Society, asking permission to takephotographs of the most important letters, and they informed me

they would be delighted to give permission, and I gathered fromthe secretary’

s letter that the name of our Society is pretty wellknown there.

This Society was formed in 1729 by Benjam in Franklin himself.

[Extracts from several letters were read by M r. O’

B rien.)

I did not have a chance to examine Jefi‘erson

's letters, but I am

going to examine them before this document is printed in the

3 4 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

JOURN AL , and it may be that something will be found there indicating that Samuel Cooper of Boston sent Jeflerson a copy of

M olyneu’

s work, and I think we will find the first paragraph of

the Declaration of Independence attributable to Ireland .

There are over 100 letters, and I copied only those from whichI have made the short quotations, but among his correspondentswas Daniel O

’

Connell.

M R . ROON EY : I think that we ought to express a word ofthanks to M r. O

’

Brien for that splendid paper . It is only one of

so many contributions he has made . He is our great power

house;he is the man who is doing the true historical research ,with details, with the proofs, and showing the data , and the

letters. We are very fortunate in having M r. O’

Brien to do this.

We ought to thank God that we have him , but we must not

expect that M r. O’

Brien is going to live forever . We ought to

encourage others to do this work. We have had some splendid

papers and I think we have some very good papers to be contributed here to-day;but if we can encourage somebody else to takeup the work as M r. O

’

Brien does, I think it would keep our causemoving. I do notmove a vote of thanks, because M r. O

’

Brien is

our own member and our own secretary , and he does not needthat sort of thing;but I want to tell you what I think of it.

M R S . QUEEN EY : M r. O’

Brien is the one shining star in the

Society , and when I read that Lord N orthclifle and his band of

fifty writers came over here and spent several million dollars in

propaganda work in the last three years, it has occurred to me ,why cannot the Irish Americans of this great country, numbering

fifteenmillions, I believe , be appealed to to pay M r.O’

Brien som ething like a year , which he deserves, and employ him

exclusively? In our daily papers,we are getting the most shameI ully insulting advice and it is nobody

’

s business to pay attentionto it. Isn’t this Society big enough to , at least, have one man ?

Lord N orthclifle has fifty . That is merely a suggestion, M r.

President .

M R . ROONEY : M r. President, the good lady did not hear

M r. O'Brien this morning, or she would know such things would

be attended to. Perhaps if this organization would send a com

m ittee to the newspapers showing them that anything we should

send is authoritative and reliable it might change all this wi th our

President to lead such a committee. I lay this before you just asa suggestion.

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UA L M EET I N G. 3 5

M R . MAHONEY : M r. President, this, as far as I know, is theonly organization of its kind , the American Irish H istoricalSociety , which has as its task the unearthing and bringing tolight of historical facts in connection with Am erica and Ireland ,and laying them before the whole world . A t the present time ,Ireland is one of those nations about which I have not seen muchin the daily papers, since President Wilson went across the sea,

as being one of the small nations entitled to self-determination.

This organization certainly is Irish to the core , and it ought toput itself on record and be a powerful factor in calling the attention of the American people to the fact that Ireland should begranted self-determination. Most of the other societies, CatholicUniversity and others, have put themselves on record as demanding full self-determination for Ireland , as ex pressed by Congressand the President,— that Ireland should be included as one ofthe small nations aswell as the Jugo-Slavs and Czecho-Slavs, andthe Poles and the Armenians, and the rest. They want to makeIreland an integral part of England ,which , I hold , should not be

considered . Every country , it would seem , under the dominationof the Central Powers before the war must get freedom, but anycountry under the control of little England must remain underthe domination of England . Why do not the people in Americaof Irish birth come out now , as the I rish at hom e did in the lastelections in Ireland , where they elected seventy-three membersout of 103 ? Ireland cannot achieve her rights by force , but shecan achieve her ends by right, as President Wilson has declaredthat all nations must determine for themselves how they shall be

A short time ago a small delegation went before the ForeignRelations Committee in Washington, and the only dissenting

voice against self-determination for Ireland cam e from a mannamed Fox of New Haven. He is the only man who opposedself-determination for Ireland , and when he was asked , Whomdo you represent? he said , Myself. What an immense manthat Fox must be, representing himself as opposed to all the other

committee delegates representing other societies!I think at the dinner to-night that every member of this Society

ought to com e out for and vote in no uncertain terms, for selfdetermination for Ireland . It is only living up to our name as

the American Irish H istorical Society to pass such a motion.

3 6 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

M R . ROON EY : I move now that, to-night, a motion be broughtforward , that self—determination for Ireland be endorsed by thisSociety .

M R . O’

BRIEN : I make an amendment that this meeting ofthe American I rish H istorical Society instruct its President-Genera] to present the case of self—determination for Ireland and callfor a standing vote on that question.

M R . MAHONEY : We will vote for it now .

M R . O’

BRIEN : You will vote to present it now .

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : The question, of course , is reallyvery vital to us all . The program for to-night is pretty full . It isfor a very definite object , the celebration of the victory of theAllies over the forces of evil in Europe. I f it is the good will of

the Society that it should address itself to this question and it be

done within limits of time , there would seem to be no objection;but the meeting is not going to be stampeded . It is perfectlywithin our province to talk of it now .

M R . MAHONEY : I know what is in the mind of the President,and it is quite proper it should be. The American Irish H istoricalSociety will hold its annual dinner to-night, and we want to keep

it along the line of the Society’

s work. We must keep it there ,because you are strong when you hold it within these lines. We

might pass a resolution here , and I think to-night it would be avery good idea to have the matter brought up in a very brief way

and , within a very short compass, put the Society on record . Let

the President-General introduce it in some way suitable to him selfand suitable to the program of the occasion.

PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Among the speakers to-night will beFather Healy of the Washington University. His subject is

Ireland and Democracy .

” I have no light as to how the gentleman is going to treat it, but, at any rate , it seems to me that, atthe conclusion of his speech , it might be practical and possible topresent such matter as proposed in the form of a resolution or theform of a call upon the meeting to sustain the idea , only I don

’

t

want, and I will not preside over a meeting that is to be deliberately taken from my hands. I have conducted a great manymeetings and I have always managed to hold my own, because Iknow what the dignity of the Chair requires. I lm ow what the

forces of speech demand , and if you put it in the way that M r.

PROCEEDI NGS A T A NNUA L M EET I N G. 3 7

O’

Brien has outlined , I will be very happy to fall in with thatidea . I think that will be the practical and ordinary way to do it.

M R . ROONEY : M r. Chairman, I want to suggest that the

resolution be brought forward simply saying, The followingresolution was proposed and adopted , and read this resolution.

THE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Well , we have not, as a matter offact, adopted any such resolution. Let us first frame it. TheFriendly Sons of St. Patrick instructed a comm ittee to frameres olutions on the subject , and I was of that committee . Theresolutions were formulated and we passed them around to theentire committee , and I think we signed it, every member. Isigned for my membership , and that resolution stated the case ofIreland , and said , that , in accordance with the principles of self

determination, they urged upon the President of the UnitedStates to forward that idea in every way he could . That resolution was engrossed , taken to Washington by the Secretary and

presented to the President . I have some means of knowing thatthe President has replied to some of these applications forwardedto him from all parts of the country stating his willingness anddesire to accelerate in any way he could this idea. Oi course , youwill understand that the position,

— it seems so to me ,—has

changed somewhat within the last three or four weeks. No suchbody of opinion was behind the idea then as there seems to benow , due to the recent elections in Ireland . They have 73 members of Parliament who declared themselves members of the SinnFein Parliament, if I may call it so , and it has always been mybelief that the people of Ireland are the best judges of what isgood for Ireland . I know that when I was working in the Feniancause on the other side, we always resented what we calleddictation from this side, even from patriotic Irishmen fromthis side , because , too often, they seemed to conclude , becausethey had been born in Ireland , or their fathers had been born inIreland , or in England , that they knew better than we what weshould be doing . We used to get surprising things in the way ofrecommendations from this side , that were not practical , andwere foreign to our ideas.

I think that, within the lines heretofore laid down, I can veryproperly introduce the question to-night.DR . COYLE : How would you suggest that the matter be

introduced so we shall not go beyond your idea of the program ?

3 8 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

T HE PRESIDENT -GENERAL : What I want to avoid is generalspeech-making. I want to have the matter put in such shape thatit can be disposed of in proper order, without undue haste , andw ithout breaking out into a series of disorders as has happenedsometimes.

DR . COYLE : The best way would be to pass the resolutionhere and then, at the appropriate time in the evening, report thatit has been so passed and ask for an endorsement.T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Why not do that? Let Dr. Coyle

and M r. Ryan repair to my ofii ce and frame the resolution.

DR . COYLE : A nd then the only question before the meetingto-night is its approval .

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Y es.

(The committee retire .)In the interval M rs.Queeney urged that the Irish organizations

should have a daily paper of their own.

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : The remarks in our proceedings,before M r. Mahoney took up the subject of self-determination,

had been d irected ,toward M r. O

’

Brien. I want to say that nobody appreciates M r. O

’

Brien’

swork in the proportion that we ofthe Society appreciate it. It is not a question of raising a breedof O ’

Briens. They are not to be found . Before the advent ofM r. O

’

Brien into the Society , he had for years been devotinghimself to American Irish H istory. Since he has come to the

Society , we have managed to make it very fruitful ground for his

labors;but we did not originate them;they originated w ith himself. Before M r. O

’

Brien came , M r. Murray, up to the time ofhis death the Secretary of this Society had , in some degree , the

spirit of M r. O’

Brien;but the latter has proved to be the onlyman that really had that genius for exact research and exactreport which make the historian. They are not to be found on

every bush . With w ise leadership and with some money, wecould doubtless raise a breed of budding O’

Briens, but it is a work

of years and years. The great thing we need in the Society ismembers. We want members and we want money. We havebeen struggling along and have reached a membership ofmembers in the entire United States. It is up to every one in the

Society to bring in one or two members, and , in that way , you

can double it and treble it.M R S . QUEEN EY : Thirteen thousand would be a small mem

bership.

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0 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

them to the test , and see if they will . Do not ask it on behalf ofM r. O

’

Brien;ask it on behalf of the Society . We will see thatproper use be made of it.

M R S . QUEEN EY : Double our annual dues.

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : Then you will cut your membership in quarter . You cannot do it. We have not collected

our dues for the past year from all our members. It shows thatthe idea of increasing the dues just now would be very disastrous.

M R . MCCARTHY : M r. Chairman , is it advisable to hold the

election and the reading of these papers on the same day as the

dinner?

T HE PRESIDENT-GENERAL : It is not, and I would be veryglad to hear fromyou on this. The Society originated twenty -one

years ago . A t that time, when a society of this kind held its

day , people came from all over to devote the entire day to it,but in a city like New York it is impracticable . We have neverbeen able to make a satisfactory gathering at all three meetings .

We have a small meeting in the morning and a small meeting in

the afternoon , and probably a great dinner; and , even then,

there are some who attend all three meetings. I think it is athing that ought to be considered in the coming year, the holding

of the annual election and the annual meeting and the reading ofpapers on separate days. I think it would make for the success ofall of them .

DR . COYLE : Better to have the meeting and election and thereading of papers in the afternoon. Then , everybody would befree and you would have a larger attendance from New YorkC ity .

M R . MCCARTHY : I should think if the annual meeting was

called on a different day and also the reading of the papers andwhatever business there might be of the Society , and then serve

a little collation, if necessary; there would be a large gatheringof the members and I think many could devote attention to it.

The paper read by M r. O’

Brien is a masterpiece in itself , and yetthere are not many of us here . To come here in the morning

and go home and dress, it is a little to much .

T HE PRESIDENT -GENERAL : The proper way here is to make arecommendation to the Executive Council .

M r. M cCarthy moved and Dr . Coyle seconded a recom

mendation to the Council that the annual meeting be held in the

afternoon. It was passed .

PROCEEDI N GS A T A NNUA L M EET I N G. 41

M R . O’

BRIEN : M r. President-General , before I go , I wouldlike to introduce to the meeting M rs. O

’

Connor Olson, who has

only recently heard of our H istorical Society . M rs. Olson is a

d irect descendant on her mother’s side of the celebrated Roderick

O’

Connor. She signifies her intention of becoming a member .

(The President-General and the members present receive M rs.

O’

ConnorOlsonandCaptainLawrenceO’

Briengave reminiscences

of the O’

Connor family. One daughter of that house he was

bringing to the dinner .)The Committee on Resolution returned and presented the

following :

R esolved , That the American Irish Historical Society endorses

the principle of self—determination for all peoples as enunciatedby President Wilson and requests the President to support

completely the application of this principle to Ireland .

"

DR . COYLE : Our idea was for the President-General of the

Society to read that and to call upon the assemblage to approve itby a standing vote ,without debate .

M R . ROONEY : I second the motion .

T HE PRESIDENT -GENERAL : You have heard the motion as ithas been read , and all who are in favor of that being read at thebanquet to-nightw ill sigui in the usual manner by saying aye .

"

The motion was carried unanimously .

DR . COYLE : I move you , M r. President-General , that a copyof the resolution be cabled to the President of the United States,in France .

M r. Rooney seconded the motion which was carried unanim ously .

Dr . Coyle here read his paper.

AM ERICAN IRISH IN THE GREAT WAR

BY JOHN G . COYLE , M .D .

(Read at the A nnual M eeting in N ew Y ork City on January

Because of the vast forces engaged , numbering something over

men , and the brief time which has elapsed since hostilities ceased , as well as the fact that complete casualty lists arenot yet available , it is, of course , impossible to present a completestatem ent of the work of the American Irish in the Great War.

Eventually , from the studies of the questionnaires filled out by

42 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

registrants, from the reports of the various bureaus of the armyand the navy , and from other governmental department records,accurate statistics will be obtainable and the history of the

American Irish participation may be adequately presented . I t

will be the joyous duty of the American Irish H istorical Societyto prepare and to publish that history .

But certain features of the war, already known to us, presentthe services of American men of Irish blood in such striking andmemorable ways as to require a brief outline at this time . Priority of service and distinction of service and sacrifice conspicuously

mark the history of the American Irish in this stupendous war.By vote of the Congress of the United States, supporting the

opinion of President Woodrow Wilson, a state of war against us

by Germany was declared to ex ist on April 6 , 19 17 . That daywas Good Friday , the day which is the anniversary of the deathupon the Cross of the Founder of the Christian religion , Who

prayed to His Father for forgiveness of His enemies. It is a dayupon which no Christian desires to hold a thought of enmity or

hostility toward any being made in the image and likeness of

Almighty God . But it was on that day that the blood-lust andworld -aggression of Germany compelled the United States of

America to enter the war.

The very next day, April 7 , 19 17 , the first American soldier

lost his life in the service of his country . John M cN amara, aprivate in the First Pennsylvania Regiment , was shot from am

bush while guarding a bridge at Reading, Pa . Thus, the veryfirst life given in the GreatWar by America was that of a boy ofIrish blood . The first American oflicer killed in the war was

likewise a youngman of Irish blood , Dr .William T . Fitzsimmons,of Kansas City , Mo . He was killed by a German aviator whobombed the hospital where Dr . Fitzsimmons, lieutenant in the

Medical Corps, was in service , although plainly marked on theroof were the great red crosseswhich proclaimed the nature of the

building . The bomb killed Dr . Fitzsimmons and six nurses,besides injuring many patients. A memorial in honor of Dr.

Fitzsimmons has been erected in Kansas City .

The first shot fired against the German forces was dischargedby John Howard Pitman , a red-headed gunner from South Bend ,

I nd . , son of an Alsatian father and an Irish mother. The shellcasing was sent to PresidentWilson as a souvenir.

PROCEEDI NGS A T A NNUAL M EET I N G. 43

The first hand-to-hand conflict on foreign soil took place inLorraine on the night of November 2 and the morning of November 3 , 19 17 . It is singular that at that time of the war allthe soldiers of the Allied forces were on French or Belgian soil

on the Western front. There were Belgians, French , Irish ,Scotch , Welsh , Canadians, Portuguese , Russians, Siamese , EastIndians, Moros, British and others engaged in that line . But

the only non-French soldiers then serving on German territory

were the soldiers from the United States.

The Germans came over in a raid with the intent of inspiringterror among the Americans and to capture prisoners for thepurpose of showing the German people that the Americans werenot invincible . A terrific barrage cut off one American trenchsection from all support or reinforcements, and when the Ger

mans were sure that the trench was isolated they attacked ,

believing that the Americans, outnumbered forty to one,

would surrender. But the American soldiers had not gone threethousand miles to surrender. They had gone to fight—to w inor die . A nd they fought , and died . Three paid the last penaltythat night . Their names are Gresham , Hay and Enright . T he

last of these three was a native of Jamestown , N . Y . and a resident of Pittsburgh , Penn. , Thomas F . Enright , and of Irishblood . He is buried with the other two in Lorraine . Nearwhere they fell the people of Lorraine have erected a monumentcommemorating the deaths of the first American sold iers to diein battle on foreign soil in the defense of the liberty of the world .

In honor of Enright the C ity of Pittsburgh has changed the nameof the street on which he lived to Enright street. Jamestownhas likewise commemorated him .

Among the first F rench War Crosses awarded to Americansoldiers tw o were given to Corporal F rank Hurley and SergeantGeorge F Dever , both of Irish blood .

The first Congressional Medal of Honor given in the Navy wasawarded to Patrick M cGonigal, son ofWilliam and Mary M cGon

igal , of Youngstown , Ohio . M cGonigal was one of a ship’

s crewsent in a boat to rescue a naval aeronaut ,whose balloon had falleninto the sea. The balloonist was caught in the network underthe balloon and was drowning in the high waves. The heavyseas prevented the boat from reaching the drowning man .

M cGonigal plunged overboard , swam to the balloon, cut the im

44. A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

prisoned airman loose , and swam back to the boat with therescued balloonist . For this heroic act he received the Medal ofHonor and other rewards .

The first volunteer regiment to land in France was the famous

Irish Ninth of Massachusetts, now known as the lo15t UnitedStates Infantry .

The first engineer regiment to reach France was the Eighteenth ,composed to the extent of 40 per cent . of men of Irish blood .

Two regiments known for more than fifty years as Irish regi

ments are the N inth Massachusetts and the Sixty-ninth NewYork . Again and again during this war these regiments have

been commended . They have been sent to Champagne , toToul , to Verdun

'

, to the Marne , the Ourcq , the Meuse and theFarm , wherever the fighting was hardest . They have served

continuously in all forms of military service and hazard . Notonly their line officers and their rank and file, but their chaplains,the Rev . M . J . O

’

Connor, of the Massachusetts Ninth , and theRev. Francis P. Duffy , of the New York Sixty-ninth , have won

military distinction as well as the gratitude and afiection of the

men. The Rev . Thomas J . Dunne , of New York , a chaplain ofthe 3 o6th Infantry , has received the Distinguished Service Cross.

Several other chaplains of Irish blood have been cited for brav

ery , among them the Rev .William J . Farrell , of Newton , Mass.

Not to estimate the contribution of chaplains of Irish ancestryand of Protestant faith , ofwhom there weremany in theAmericanservice , it remains as a fact of common observation by soldiers

and civilians alike that from 75 to 80 per cent . of theCatholic chaplains with the colors were men of Irish names and

ancestry .

T he fighting marines won deathless glory in the GreatWar.

One of the most dramatic scenes in history occurred at ChateauThierry when the American marines opened ranks to permit the

French to retire , then closing their lines once more ,went forwardsinging : “Hail ! Hail ! The Gang’s All Here .

" It was the invin

cible courage , the unconquerable grit , the impetuosity and in

domitable persistence of the marines and the other American

soldiers that caused the Americans to hold every position underevery conceivable difficulty , to fight through the Argonne forest,from one shell-hole to another , from one machine gun nest to

the succeeding one, and to attack, batter through , consolidate ,

PROCEEDI NGS A T AN N UA L M EET I N G. 45

hold , advance again and repeat tirelessly , again and again, and at

last break the German morale so that the final debacle occurredand Germany’

s hopes of world domination collapsed in hum iliating surrender . The chaplain of the marineswas the Rev . Father

John J . Brady , of New York City .

To set forth even a partial l ist of American Irish officers would

make the reading like that of a catalogue . Therefore , a few are

chosen which are typical and significant of the whole .

The commander of the Twenty -seventh D ivision is Gen . JohnF . O

’

Ryan , of New York C ity , a member of this society , of whom

the regulars , who do not take kindly to NationalGuardsmen , say

admiringly He is good enough to be a regular. He has

proved his worth as a disciplinarian , a trainer of tr00ps for fighting and a commander of troops in fighting . Another famouscommander isGen. JamesW. M cA ndrews, now chief of staff withGeneral Pershing. Gen . Francis J . Kernan , the man who putthe machine gun into the army ,

"is likewise an authority on mili

tary law . Major-Gen. John E. M cM ahon was for some time incharge of embarkation and helped to establish that extraordinaryrecord of sending troops across at the rate of a day . Gen .

F rancis M cI nty rewas chief military censor for many months.

Hugh Drum , son of Captain Drum , Irish by blood , bemmechief of staff after General M cA ndrew was transferred , and

received the rank of Brigadier General .In the navy one of the most ex perienced and beloved chaplains

is the Rev . Father Matthew C . G leeson , who is F leet Chaplain ofthe magnificent American fleet at anchor in the Hudson River.Rear Admirals Griffin and M cGowan of the navy are the highestranking oflicers of Irish blood in that branch of the service .

From inspection of the casualty lists, from the testimony of

commanding officers, from the records of chaplains and others,one may conservatively estimate that 40 per cent . of the American forces was composed ofmen with I rish blood as a part of theirphysical make-up.

There were many notably large enlistments from certain families, among whom those of Irish names were conspicuous. M rs.

Dineen, ofNewYork City , had six sons in the service , two of themchaplains, and M r. and M rs. Patrick Hogan, of New Haven,

Conn. , had hy e sons. M rs. Brickley , of Boston, had four sons inservice,while ex -MayorWilliam P. Connery, of Lynn ,Mass., had

46 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

two sons and three nephews. James J . Hagan , of N ew YorkC ity , had four sons in the service . Similar records could beproduced from many parts of the country. One case wh ichdrew from President Wilson a letter of appreciation was that ofthe sons of M r. and M rs. James H . M cShane, of Omaha , Neb .

Five sons enlisted in the army and the sixth was assigned to conservation work when he applied for service . President Wilsonw rote to the parents as follows

M ay I not turn from the duties of the day for a moment to ex press myadmiration for the action of your six sons in enlisting in the service of the

country? T hey are making , and through them you are making , a very noblecontribution to the fine story of patriotism and loyalty w hich has always runthrough the pages of Amerimn history. Cordially and sincerely yours,

Woonnow Wmson.

And when M rs. Brickley, of Boston, was interviewed by areporter concerning her four sons

'part in the war she said : A s

a mother I am proud to have such boys, and I feel they are goingto be a cred it to the country as they have been to me . We shallbe grief-stricken when they leave , but somehow I feel that theywill all come back to me . I f not it will be God

’

s will . I amdoing my duty as an American mother , and I know that my boyswill perform theirs as Americans.

"

On April 1 , 19 18 , there were 262 John O'Briens in the United

States service , of whom fifty were married to Marys.

In service for the country in many other than m ilitary lineswere many hundreds of thousands of American I rish , laboringwi th their fellow-countrymen for united efiorts to w in the war.

John D . Ryan , a member of this society , rendered conspicuous

and eminent service by taking charge of aircraft production and

so systematizing , cofirdinating and directing the work as to elicit

praise from our own citizens and soldiers and the commanders of

the forces of the A llies.

Itwas a soldier of Irish blood who was first to die for Am erica intheG reatWar . Strangely , too ,was it that itwas oneof Irish bloodw howas the last to die . The Rev.William F . Davitt, of Holyoke,M ass . ,

l ieutenant and chaplain, learned on thenight of November

10 that the armistice was to take effect on the morning of No

vember 1 1 He sought to reach the fronttowitnessand participate

in the scenes. He walked as far as he could;he procured a lift

by motor for some distance;he journeyed in the side car of amotor

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48 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

of recruits for the army, because it had been said , officially or

unofficially , that unless Ireland produced a certain number ofrecruits— about 6o,ooo—conscription would be applied . Now,

up to the time of the closing of the war , 1 recruits had comefrom Ireland during the year 19 18 . I t, therefore , follows thatIreland produced , by the testimony of purely British sources,

accepted soldiers and sailors in the war. The populationof Ireland prior to the war was What it is now Idon’t know, but I saw a statement that it was I can’

t

believe it, because that would necessarily show an increase inpopulation, which would be the first increase in seventy odd

years. I f we take people andwork outwhat proportionaccepted soldiers represents, we may— in order to get it

firm ly before our minds— remember this, that the United Stateswould have to produce privates as accepted fighters inthe war, every one of whom would have to be a volunteer , toequal Ireland ’

s support of the war. This is only worth mention

ing , M r. President , because, when one goes outside , he may betold that Ireland did not support the war . That is the answer,that Ireland ’

s contribution in which every man was a volunteer,was proportionately greater than the entire American armedforces, soldiers, sailors and marines, volunteers, regulars, andconscripts.

T HE PREsmEN T -GEN ERA L : Have you any figures about theNorth and South of Ireland , Dr. Coyle?

DR . COYLE : Y es;up to December 1 19 16 , the uncontradicted

statement made in Ireland by the Irish leaders, also by M ichael

M cDonogh , author of two books on Irish army service never

contradicted by any British authority , and given upon the floor

of the House of Commons without contradiction, was that of the

first accepted soldiers from Ireland , were Catholic

and Nationalists, not Ulsterites at all . Two thirds of thatwere composed of those opposed to the Ulster Volunteers

and Ulster Unionists.

M R . R OON EY : M r. President, I am familiar, in a general way,with these figures, and I think they are correct . There is an

other comment to be made , which I think is worth making.

A t the beginning of the failure of the support of Ireland for the

war— the beginning of the failure of the British government tokeep its promises to Ireland (and this was a conspicuous failure

PROCEEDI NGS A T A N N UA L M EET I N G. 49

of the government itselD— Lloyd George , before he assumed thePremiership , while M r. Asquith was Premier , had been sent over

to Ireland to try to get a settlem ent of the situation politically.

In a public address, I think it was in the House of Commons, hereferred to the ineptitudes of the British War Office in the treatment of the Irish regiments, and further referred to the fact thatthe Irish regiments had received no recognition whatever in the

despatches on the front for their services. Following that , camethe break—down of the Irish Convention , which , of course , wasnot a representative convention, but was heralded as being apossible solution of the politica l situation. Lastly came thereport of the convention and the practical repudiation of thatreport, —the recommendation of the majority of the conventionto the British government . So the last possible shred of beliefin the good faith of the English government in its treatment ofIreland was broken down, not alone from its treatment of theIrish regiments that had gone into the war, but because of itsabsolute dishonoring of its own pledges, and its own promises inthe political held , and as a result of these two forces, and theencouragement on the other side of the forces by Carson and asmall minority in the North , even to the point of employingmilitary domination of the country by the minority, supportedby the English tr00ps, all Ireland went into revolt, went intorevolt in 19 16 , and it is in revolt now , and it will stay in revoltuntil it is separated from the British Empire . (Applause .)CAPT . O

’

BRIEN : There has been a statement made hereabout a man living in New Haven named George L. Fox. He is

a pedagogue , and strangers coming to New Haven to enter collegesometimes employ him . He is a member of the CarnegieFund Society . He is a pupil of Joe Choate’s, and now that theCarnegie Fund has millions to promote an alliance betw een thiscountry and England , its whole object is to belie the Irish and

ridicule them . Some time ago , he went to Washington and

before a Committee of the Senate , he mentioned that he did notwant self—determination for Ireland , that the Irish were not withit; that they quarreled and did not lm ow anything; and he

traveled the country because that fund is at his back ,with its

m illions.

DR . COYLE : I move we adjourn this meeting.

Motion carried . Meeting adjourned .

SPEECHES A T THETWENT Y -F IRSTANNUAL BANQUETOF THE

AM ERICAN IRISH HIST ORICA L SOCIETY.

HELD A T THE WALDORF -ASTORIA HOT EL,ON SAT URDAY EVENING , JAN UARY 4 , 1919 .

T HE TOASTMA STER (President-General Clarke) : Ladies and

Gentlemen , Fellow M embers of the A merican I f ish Historical

Society: I welcome you all from the bottom of my heart to thetwenty -first annual banquet of our Society . Our Society becomes of age tod ay, and as you may see, it is quite a sturdyyoungman , and from the indications present , it seems to be taking abride or two , and I hope that in the future the growth of theSociety shall be on a larger and firmer scale .

We have passed through a year of the terrible war, duringwhich the demands upon the activities, upon the energies, uponthe purses, upon the lives of our fellow citizens have been enormous. In such conjuncture the claims of a historical societycould not, with any seriousness, be advanced . Therefore , theactivities of the Society were judiciously limited .

But I have to say a good word , for the Society has not fallen

off ; it possesses members in forty-six states of the Union.

It has in its treasury, and it has every hope in its breastthat, this time a year from now , it should be increased three

fold . (Applause .)In proportion as we have refrained from pushing the m use of

our Society in the year past, we are entitled to press three-foldfor members in the year to come.

We have accomplished one much desired end in the year goneby , and that is we have secured a home of our own . Fortwenty years, like the Jews in the desert, we wandered up and

down in the city , having one repast in one hotel , another in

another , and one meeting in one othee up town, another down

town, and a third across town; and , I should add , with the

shameful condition of our books in a storage warehouse .

Now we have altered that. We have secured a hom e of our!own,

a dignified place , where the books of the splendid Irish

l ibrary of John D . Crimmins have been installed with our own

A N N UAL BA N QUET . 51

books;where the visitor iswelcome;where you are all invited tocom e to read the story of our race , to instruct yourselves, and tocheer each other. We have now a meeting place for committees,and even for larger bodies, and I am sure that, with the impetusthat the times are bringing to all things American, all Americanenterprises, that we of the American Irish H istorical Societyshould share in the prosperity . It is really up to the memberspresent, to the members all over the United States, to take upour m use , and push it forward .

I could dwell on this, but I cannot now go further than the

salient facts, which are, that , out of so large a population of mil

lions of Irish and Irish descended people in the United States,instead of thirteen hundred members, we could get along prettywell with thirteen thousand . I f we had thirteen thousand members, you would see a very much greater output of the books andof the information of the Society . You must remember thatevery member you bring in, every five dollars added to our funds,ensures by so much you advance this spreading the light, of

making better known the Irish chapter of American history .

”

(Applause .)We have to-night with us, as we have had for years past, a

gentleman whom I shall introduce to you later , whose work on

behalf of original research of the American Irish type has pro

duced a book that I will refer to later , and I simply say that itwill be considered by you , if you please , as a splendid monument to Irish investigation , to Irish accuracy , to Irish truth , and

the importance of this book should make it clear to every one

here that each one should possess it. It will be published within

a month , and I reserve to a little later any further descriptionof the work .

Gentlemen, we meet to-night to celebrate a victory— in thelargest sense a victory for humanity , a victory that has overthrown the seats of the mightiest criminals the world has everknown, a victory out of which , under God , shall issue a peace for

the world , of justice and right . (“Hear ! (Applause .)

In a closer sense , it is the victory of America , the victory of fourm illion soldiers and sailors, of a grand ideal , backed by ninety

six million men, women and children, who served and helped and

paid as best they could . It is a victory for all Americans.

(Applause.) Closer still , and with a keen thrill stirring the

52 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

blood , it is a victory for our glorious flag , the radiant emblem ofordered freedom , the starry reflex of the Heavenly fires; it is avictory for the Stars and Stripes,

“ long may it wave , o’

er the

land of the free and the home of the brave .

”

(Applause .)(The orchestra here played

“The Star Spangled Banner ,” the

audience rising and singing the chorus.)Closer , breathing hard anigh to us, filling us with pride and

joy , it is a victory for the stufi , the stamina , the strength of theAmerican soldier , the wonderful unheard-oi complex of theAmerican army , welded of forty -four races, but marching , drill

ing , fighting , conquering , carrying all before it, as one. We hadstaked all upon it. It stood up to the test. We asked for victory from it. Through fire and death , it answered our prayer .And then— the deepest, warmest thrill of all— it is a victory

shared nobly , shared devotedly, shared without a backward lookin its superb advance by the flower of the Irish race that foughtfor us in France . Oh , gathered children of the Fighting Race !We thank you ! We glory in you ! We take you to our heartof hearts ! Never , in the long history of war have your gallantry, your endurance , been put to a greater test and led tohuer results ! To a man we envy you while we embrace you as

brothers in Granuaile! (Applause .)I wish to propose the first toast of the evening, which we will

drink with willing hearts : To Woodrow Wilson, President ofthe United States. (Applause .) (

“Hear ! (“The Star

Spangled Banner was again blayed , while the toast was drunk.)(A Voice : Three cheers for Woodrow Wilson !) (The cheerswere given .)One thing always disturbing on an occasion of this kind is the

reading of a note of regret, but our regret at the absence ofMajor General Bell is one that I am sure you will all join in.

The General , four days ago , was prostrated with an attack of the

current epidemic, and has been confined to his bed since . He didnot have us notified of the fact until this morning, because , tothe last minute , he hoped that he would be able to be with us.

The doctors, however, forbade it, and he sends his very hearty

regret, something in which we certainly join, because General

Bell is a fine soldier and a fine man, and the speech that he wasprepared to make I am sure would have thrilled us with admiration of the eloquence and of the matter that he had to give us;

A N N UA L BA N OUET . 53

it was, The Irish Soldier in the GreatWar and in OtherWars.

His note , or rather his aide-de-camp’

s, says in conclusion

He now finds, however, it w ill be impossible for him to be in any conditionto leave his room by that time, and he requests me to send you this informationas speed ily as possible. He regrets exceeding ly this occurrence, but feelssomewhat consoled by the conviction that out of every hundred I rishmenattending a festivity of any kind, at least ninety-nine w ill be qualified to takethe place of any speaker w ithout previous notice. (Laughten )

With your leave , I will direct the Secretary General to communicate your hearty sympathy to him and your hopes for hisspeedy recovery .

1

Now , this absence of General Bell leads, perhaps, to a littlechange in the order of our speeches, and I wish to introduce toyou a gentleman of the highest character , a lawyer by profession, of high standing , and a man who has made his mark in thecommunity as the director of the draft in the five Boroughs ofNew York City (applause) ; the master and director, almostthe Father Confessor , if you wish to give him a reverend title ,of 189 registry boards in the city . I introduce the Hon . Martin

Conboy . (Applause .)

SPEECH OF HON . MARTIN CONBOY.

A T THE BAN QU ET OF THE AMERICAN IR ISH HIST OR ICA L SOCIETY ,

WALDORF -ASTORIA HOTEL , JAN UAR Y 4 , 19 19 .

M r. T oastmaster, and Ladies and Gentlemen : Why , when the

suggestion wasmade by General Bell , that out of a hundred Irishmen gathered together , at least ninety -nine might be found tosupply the necessary oratory to take the place of the absent guest,you should have passed over the ninety and nine and seized uponthe remaining one of the entire hundred and imposed the obligation upon him , is more than I can understand .

I am sure there is no one here regrets as much as I do thatGeneral Bell is not in attendance at this dinner this evening. I f

Captain Spaulding , who wrote the letter, explaining that theGeneral

’

s physical condition was such that he was unable to cometo this gathering , had been thoughtful enough to have sent withthe letter of regret the General ’s speech , so that it might have

1 Sad to say , M ajor General J . Frana Bell, U . S. A ., Commander of theDepartment of the East never rose from his sick bed but passed away on January 6 , a splendid soldier, of high fighting record .

54 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

been used by me , it would not have been so difiicult to have eugaged upon this undertaking in his stead .

I think it is very appropriate that I should say a word aboutGeneral Bell , because I think that the success of the administra‘

tion of the Selective Service Law in this community was in no

small measure due to the splendid manner in which the Commanding General at Camp Upton, during the period of GeneralBell ’s administration, conducted the affairs of that damp . It wascertainly desirable , and almost necessary, as you can readilyunderstand , to have the best possible impression made upon thecommunity from which these men were being taken, and GeneralBell was equal to the occasion, and to the requirements of theoccasion. The camp was conducted upon such lines that the menwere given the greatest amount of liberty compatible with properd iscipline, and there was no camp in the United States wheremilitary discipline was better maintained than in that camp. He

permitted , within the bounds of discipline , the men who had beeninducted into the National Army , as it was walled during his administration, to return to their homes as often as might properlybe allowed , and he also invited the members of their families tocome to the camp so that they might observe at first hand whatcharacter of institution the National Army of the United StatesWas, and the efiect upon the community itself of the impressionsreceived by the visiting relatives and friends and conveyed by

them to thosewho had not been so fortunate as to go there, andthe impressions received by the men themselves, and expressed

by them upon their return to their homes, created a spirit amongthe young men of th is comrhunity that was of inoalculable aid to

as in the administration of the law . It was a farsighted policythat General Bell put into execution—a policy that I think en

titles him to the thanks not only of this community but of thenation, because of its splendid effect upon the administration of

the Selective Service Law in the district of its most extensive

application.

General Bell had for his toast, The Irish in the GreatWar.

Y ou know that is a much easier subject to speak about than“T he

Irish in the Draft. The draft was an all-inclusive, and an all

comprehensive undertaking,and it is difficult, if not impossible tosingle out for commendation the participation of any special

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56 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

1918 , registration had been completed , 1 names. Thecontribution of the city of New York to the military and navalman power of the United States is enormous. Before the firstdraft wasmade of the men within draft age the enlistment creditsalone of New York City exceeded men. To that number,there were added , by the process of induction through the localboards, more . To that number there were added , by theprocess of voluntary enlistments, additional;so that NewYork City , so far as men within draft age are concerned , standscred ited upon the national books with a grand total in excess of

soldiers and sailors. That totaldoes not take intoaccountthe men under draft age and the men over draft age who were inthe federal ized National Guard at the time that we entered thewar and who enlisted subsequently in such organizations, theregular army , the navy , and the marine corps, before they wereunder any duty to enroll themselves among those who could becalled for national service;so that it is a fair estimate to say that

the city of New York furnished to the army and navy of theUnited States during the period of the GreatWar at leastmen.

And these menwere made up of all the nationalities that people

the earth . The registrants of the New York C ity boards read thenews of the day in daily newspapers published in this city in morethan thirty languages; for , in New York City ,we have a JapaneseDaily T imes, and a Chinese semi-weekly and a Chinese weekly,and newspapers that are published in Arabic, and at least sixItalian dailies, and a string of Yiddish newspapers that wouldreach the length of your arm . I know of no more heterogeneousrecorded gathering than that time honored one that is referred toin the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, gathered out

there in front of the house in which was the upper room , in Jerusalem , from which the Apostles came down after they had re

ceived the gift of tongues and spoke to each man there present sothat he understood him . Although that first congregation was

composed , as Dr. Healey will remember, of Parthians, Medes andElamites, and the inhabitants of Mesopotam ia, Judea , and

Cappadocia, Pontus, and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia , Egypt,and the parts of Libya about Cyrene , and strangers of Rome;

Jews also , Cretes and Arabians, yet it was a homogeneous,solidified mass in comparison with the heterogeneous gathering

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 57

that represented the contribution of New York City to the draft

army .

These elements, representing the population of our great city,

were mixed up in this wonderful alembic and compounded into

the Army of the United States, the greatest army the world hasever known .

One day , about three or four weeks ago , I read in the newspa

pers that a Chinaman named Sing Kee had received the Distin

guished Service Cross. He was in a New York draft regiment ,and the aux iliary organization that had charge of the social affairs

of that particular unit was unable to ascertain where that man

had come from . His next of kin lived in San Jose, California.

I knew that Local Board No . 94 1 with headquarters in Baxterstreet, had in its jurisd iction all of Chinatown , and I called upthe chairman of that board and asked him if he had Sing Keeupon his classification list, and he said he did;and then I said ,

I s he the same man who received the Distinguished ServiceCross? and he said ,

“Y es, he is the Chinaman.

” “Well ," I

said , wouldn’t it be desirable to furnish some sort of record ofSing Kee so that the auxiliary organization might know moreabout him ? ” “We shall do it if you want us to do it, said he,but then

,

he explained that Sing Kee had ex emplified Polonius’

advice “ beware of entrance to a quarrel , but when he hadactually gone into the confl ict carried out the rest of the adviceand made the opposed beware of him .

You remember the lost battalion in the Argonne Forest, cut off

from its organization , cut off from its supports, days almost withonly emergency rations, weary , sleepless, hungry , and thirsty ;itwas a Yiddish battalion, composed of push-cart men and sewing

machine operators and button hole workers, from the lower EastSide of New York City . A nd so well had the leaven of democracyworked itself into the souls of those men who before they gavesuch splendid evidence of devotion to the cause in whose behalfthey had enrolled , might have been regarded as the least desirableof soldier material , that when the blindfolded American prisonerbrought in his message from the German officer, requesting them

to surrender, they were able to manifest their attitude towardsthe demand in such unmistakable terms that Lieutenant ColonelWhittelsey could tell the blindfolded prisoner to return to theGerman ofiicer with the message that he could Go to Hell .

58 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

I n the same connection , it is interesting to compare the 11!

grace of anarchy and riot with which the Civil War Conscription Law was received in this city , with the unvarying assistancerendered by these diversified racial groups, constituting the

population, to the administration of the Selective Service Law of

1917 .

The Civil War Conscription Law was passed on the 3 rd of

March , 1863 . The C ivil War had been in progress for twoyears at that time . The lists were not prepared until May 1st.

The attempt to enforce the law began with the I st of July , and

on the 13 th of July , when the attempt was made in New YorkCity we had the draft riots. My father’s regiment, the 3 7thNew York, known as the Irish R ifles,

” a two-year regiment,was mustered out after the battle of Chancellorsville . He en

listed in the regular army and was in charge of a recruiting officewhen the riots began. A crowd gathered about the building ,where that office was maintained to secure men to protect theintegrity of the American Union and the flag of the nation wasdisplayed , and threatened to tear it down.

A more striking contrast than that , perhaps, is in connectionw ith the entrainment of men under the Civil War ConscriptionLaw and the Selective Service Law , which went into effect on the

18th of May, 1917 .

It may have been the experience of some of you to have seen

contingents of drafted men go away to the mobilization camps.

I f it was, you observed that before the time for their entrainment

there were public demonstrations in their honor. They were

feted . M eetings were held , at which prominent citizens of thecommunity made stirring addresses to them and the character ofthe sacrifice that they were about to make was extolled in the

highest terms, as it should have been. When they were actuallyentrained , processions were formed , the civic organizations of the

community acted as a guard of honor for the men, and marchedto the places of entrainment. Bands played and banners waved

and , as the men went away, there were cheers.

An old friend told me that in 186 3 he stood on State Street inAlbany and saw a contingent of drafted men marching down to

the boat to come to N ew York City . There were no bands playing for them .

. There were no crowds of cheering friends. There

were no banners flying . Those men were shackled . An armed

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 59

guard was in charge of them . A s they reached the place wherethis man was standing one of the number broke away and ran

down Beaver Street and turned the corner. One of the guard onhorseback followed him , a shot was heard , and the guard trottedback and reported to the Commandant that the man, who hadattempted to esca pe , was lying in the street with a bullet holethrough him .

I n fifty -hy e years there has been a marvelous change in the

attitude of governmental administration towards the people , andin the attitude of the people towards governmental adm inistration, and the most sufficient and satisfactory evidence of thatchange is the manner in which the people received and assistedin the administration of the Selective Service Law . They established , so that the general truth isnow conclusively demonstrated ,that the people of the United States, under all circumstances, andin all contingencies, are fitted to be entrusted with themachineryof government and so long as that is understood , there need

be no fear of inroads of Bolshevism among the masses of the

I have brought with me this evening—because this being a historical society , it might be desirable for you to know certain

things that arenot commonly known—a statement that contrasts

the manner in which the army of the United States was raised

during this war and the manner in which the armies of Englandwere raised , as typifying the differences, the difierent methods

of raising of armies in the tw o great Anglo-Saxon democracies,w ith the consequent result , as you will observe , that the methodadopted there was not so productive of beneficial results as thatwhich was inaugurated here , and which , with greater efficiencythan even the Prussianism of the Hun knew , produced the

greatest army that the world has ever seen.

“On August 1 , 1914 , England had a regular army of

men, one-half of which was scattered throughout the vast ex panse

of her Colonial Empire . She had a regular army reserve of 146 ,000men available for call to the colors, but made up of older men,

veterans who had completed long enlistment periods and had

passed to the reserve . She had territorials in a statuslike our own unfederalized National Guard— that is, obligatedfor home defence but without the authority which the NationalDefence Act gave us to draft them into the military service for

60 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

all purposes—and , on thewhole , the territorialswere but meagrely

trained . I n all, England had a force on paper of less thanmen on August 1st, and , out of this number could summon forexpeditionary duty across the Channel less than men

knowing how to die , but little else in the awful carnage thatawaited them .

I n this situation , what did England do? Lord Kitchener wasappointed M inister of State forWar onAugust 6th . On the same

date Parliament authorized the calling of volunteers toconstitute the new establishment. On September loth , an additional were authorized . On November 16th , the Parliament had been asked for and had authorized more,and an additional increment of in M ay of 19 15.

There was, of course , a rush of volunteers following thedeclaration of war . The first men were recruitedpromptly enough , in the first six weeks of the war. I n the next

eight weeks’ period but in all had responded . Then

began the first frantic , fevered appeals for volunteers. A Par

liamentary Committee was appointed and with citizen committees flooded the country with posters, literature and oratory.

The superior age limit was raised , first from thirty to thirty -five,

and then to forty , and height limits were tw ice reduced , house

holders were besought by personal appeals and otherw ise tosolicit members of their families to enlist. Every conceivableform of personal appeal was made to English manhood , throughthe press, the billboard and the platform , through organizations,through committees, and through individual solicitation. On

January 1 , 19 15, results were totalled . The six weeks campaign

from November 16th had netted only additional men.

After January I st, the recruiting campaign was continued , but

the flow of recruits was daily decreasing, and the cry from Francefor more and more men was but feebly answered . Yet exponentsof the volunteer system called this result a triumph . A dis

tinguished statesman of England was prompt to call it a German

triumph which had meant the ruin of Belgium and the devastation of France .

’ Even at this early period of the war Englandwas face to face with conscription and yet unable to commandthe necessary Parliamentary majority . The result of all theagitation was a halfway step— the Industrial Registration Billpassed by Parliament July 15, 19 15, with ample disclaimer that it

meant or even suggested military conscription.

A NNUA L BA N QUET . 6 1

The Parliamentary Committee , the citizens’

auxiliary com

m ittees, working in conjunction with the army recruiting servicebegan anew the cry for volunteers. Aga in the country was placarded with posters, the homes flooded with literature , the publicharangued by recruiting orators. Parades, concerts, rallies and

the personal solicitation of the recruiters put the country in an

uproar . The drive ended on October 1 , 19 15, with the new

armies more than one million short of their authorized

strengt“On October 5, 1915, Lord Derby was appointed Director

General of Recruiting and with his appointm ent came the an

nouncement of a final volunteer scheme called the Derby Plan.

’

I shall not burden you with the details of this scheme , except tosay that all men of military age remaining on the industrialregister were divided into two groups, married and single , andeach of these groups divided into subordinate age groups.

A n elaborate system of canvassers was again invoked . Ad

vertising agencies again came forward and with a great fanfare .

The finalvolunteer campaign began on October 23 , 19 15, confinedin the first instance to ‘unstarred ’

single men. The campaign

was to have ended on November 3 oth , but was ex tended to December 15th . The men to be solicited had , of course , refused forover fourteen months to enter the service , in spite of every plea .

Social ostracism was the fate to which the volunteer first soughtto consign the slacker. Out of more than single menonly attested . Out of nearly married men only

attested . When the campaign ended and the results

had been totalled , less than fighting men had been secured

and more than single men had failed to attest. A nd so

it resulted that on January 1 , 19 16 , after seventeen months of

war which had witnessed the disastrous fighting at GallipolisMesopotamia , and in the Balkans, and the deadlock on the west

ern front , the new army of England was men short of

its then authorized strength .

It was after all this that the government brought forth its firstdraft act which was passed January 24 , 19 16 , and made effectiveon March 2, 19 16 . These figures were not compiled by me . I n

fact , I have been reading for your information in this connection,

from an address by the Provost M arshal General of the UnitedStates.

62 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y

I bring these figures to your attention for a two-fold purpose .

They may help you to form a correct judgment on those criti

cisms that have been made against one part of the United Kingdom with respect to the failure of the English system amongthe inhabitants of the British Isles. The failure was universalth roughout the entire Kingdom .

I also bring them to your attention in order that you may have

in some concrete form the difference betw een the system or seriesof successively failing systems that were attempted to be invokedfor the purpose of raising the armies over there and the splendidly successful system that was able, before America had beenin the war for one year , to put down Am erican troops on the

shores of France at the rate of ten thousand men per day .

A nd now it seems to me that it is fitting that I should close witha reference to the illustrious deeds of this organization whichthese young men, not one of whom probably was over the age oftwenty-one when this war began , have accomplished . We knewthat the Irish would prove themselves worthy in this war of allthe traditions of the Irish in the American armies. So far as wewere concerned , we took it for granted . The demonstration wassomething that we had ex pected . A s evidence , it was unnecessary. The devotion of the American Irish to the flag of theUnion had been already attested upon a hundred battlefields, tothe undying glory of the Irish in the United States. It beganwith Bunker H ill and Yorktown , and it was carried through an

unbroken series of valorous deeds and accomplishments to Chateau Thierry, the Marne , the Argonne Forest, and Sedan.

I feel that the draft may take some credit even in the accom

plishments of the 69th , because I am told that the replacementsof the 69th— the 165th—were with men who had been draftedinto the National Army of the United States. Moreover thedeeds of the Irish , as typified by the 69th

’

s accomplishments,have obtained throughout all of the draft organizations.

Wherever there was an Irishman in a unit of the Army of theUnited States, there was a man who would willingly pour outthe last drop of his heart’s blood to establish his devotion to theeternal principles of democracy on which this country was established , for which his forefathers had time and aga in made thesupreme sacrifice, and for the vindication of which WoodrowWilson, the President of the United States, is in France to-night.

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64 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

use of its own freedom , in the clutch of a despot . We, whose ancestors are Irish , know what this means;but it has never been inour time brought so near to us as it was to me. I knew what theyhad sufiered in the past bem use I saw here, in this little countryof Denmark, in this little Danish-speaking province of Schlesw ig,what our ancestors had known in the time of Limerick and ofCromwell . Here , in the nineteenth , in the twentieth century,

with the consent , let us say at least with the tolerance , of allEuropH nd I learned one thing which is not at all a politicthing to say to-day , but , as I am entirely out of politics for themoment, I can afford to be honest (laughter)— I learned thatbefore this war, there was no power in Europe which could bedepended upon to consider for a moment the interest of freedomor democracy , when its own territorial interests were concerned .

It was the United States that brought the spirit of altruism and

the love of democracy, a democracy which yet, perhaps, needs tobe fully interpreted into this struggle . Here was this l ittle coun

try of Denmark, geographically a part of Germany. I n 1864 ,

already, B ismarck, the far-seeing B ismarck, had determined tomake the German Empire possible;it wasmerely a Prussian stateat the time;and he fix ed his eyes on this little country, largely

bem use it contained the best sailors in the world and the Empiremust rule the sea , and largely bem use it ofiered the opportunityfor the future building of the Kiel Canal . 80, he tore this l ittlestrip of territory from the Danes, who were among the mostproud and freedom-loving people in the world— they may haveacquired these qualities in their short stay in Ireland during thetime of Brian Boru (laughter)— but just you imagine a littlepeople—not on paper, not a part of history— but every day of

one’s life one saw the struggle of this l ittle people, desiring nothing , no accession of territory, simply that they might stay, as Isaid a moment ago;follow their own culture, their temperament,feeling every day of the week that the next morning they might bePrussianized ! I n 1864 , there was no power in Europe to helpthem . Germany, or Germany with the assistance of Austria,which has always been the tool of Germany , took this scrap ofterritory, and , from that day to this Denmark has hated Ger

many with all its heart, simply because it loved freedom , and has

never rested without the cordial and fervent hope that that territory might be restored to it. It is not yet restored , but I hope

AN N UAL BA N QUET . 65

that the time will comewhen all Danish-speaking Schlesw ig willbe Danish .

There is a curious parity betw een the condition of this peopleand the condition of Ireland , and I th ink as I am the son of anIrish father, perhaps, as Providence is said to be good to theIrish , I was sent to avenge the wrongswhich the Danes had done

us some hundreds of years ago . (Laughter.) It was in this

country that I learned what our ancestors had suff ered and whatthe real value of freedom meant. Ladies and gentlemen, we

here have been so accustomed to it that we hardly real ize it, andit took this war to educate us in its value , and this war hasthoroughly educated us in its value .

But when I went to Denmark at first, one of the greatest con

solations was to find that there were Irish people there before me .

For instance , there was a family of Oxholms. I was surprised

that each member of this family of Ox holms had in his name“O

’

Kelly , O’

N eill.”

The Chamberlain that presented me at

court was the Chamberlain O’

N eill Kelly Oxholm , and I said tohim ,

“You appear to be Irish . Oh , of course ,” he said , we

are Irish ; our great-great-grandmother was an Irish woman.

"

A nd one found , all throughout this country, the praises of theIrish and pride in the Irish . Probably one of the most beloved

men in Copenhagen is the pastor of Hamlet’

s city of ElsinoreFather Flynn—an honest Irish name beloved by the Danes,beloved even by the Socialistic Danes. z? propos of that, FatherFlynn has a great bazaar of charity every year, and I happenedto attend it at the behest of the various ladies and patronesses,and in this bazaar there was a tremendous cave and a fearfulgiant, which was considered one of the greatest attractions of theaffair, and I happened to askwho the giant was.

“That man,

”

Father Flynn said , is a good Socialist who always lays aside hisprejudices and plays the part of the giant every year for me.

"

And Father Flynn, likemost Irishmen, has managed somehow or

another , while martial in spirit at the right time, to be a peace

maker , and a soggarth .

I should stick to the text, ladies and gentlem en, and say something about the fighting spirit of the I rish , the martial spirit of theI rish , and I intend to do it. I hardly th ink that there is any

people on earth who have been so little understood , so much m is

nepresented , as the race from which we sprung. We are all

66 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

supposed to love fighting for the sake of fighting , and to fightmerely for the sake of a fight. Now , this is hardly true , becauseI think the whole human race loves a fight, which is a very good

reason to believe that we are not at the end of wars yet (laughter) ;but it seems to me that the distinction— ii I may be allowed toboast for a moment— betw een the Irish martial spirit— just amoment of pride , if you like— is that the Irish are willing alwaysto fight for an ideal , to suffer because the martial spirit is as muchevinced in suffering as in fighting , as in bold fighting . I n speak

ing of the fighting spirit, the martial spirit, I think that we oftenleave out what the Irish women have sufiered in the past and howthey have fought with their hearts and souls;and after all, whenyou consider the history of our race , onemust remember that we

fight because our oppressors left us no profession worthy of a

gentleman except that of fighting (laughter) ;but the real fight ofthe Irish race has been always for legitimate liberty, for leg itimate

democracy , against the spirit of a false autocracy , which sometimes masquerades under the guise of democracy.

For instance , to-day , it seems to me there are two things

coming, as I do , from living so long abroad— there are two things

that I hnd curiously misunderstood here;and one is the impres

sion that there has been a change of heart in Germany. Now ,

if you askme , ladies and gentlemen, if I think of anything, whatdo I think of certain subjects during my ex perience , I shall saythat I have ceased to think;to think to-day is to prophesy , and I

am not a prophet;but I know this, that if to-morrow M r. Erz

burg, or the Central , or any Democracy of the Social group , shoulddiscover that the old cry of Deutschland tiber alles

” could be

revived , they would vote out of their very bankruptcy their lastcent to begin the struggle over aga in . (A Voice : “That’s

right ! That'

s

A nd another thing , it seems to me that we, many of us, misun

derstand really what we have been fighting for. We have notbeen fighting for the democracy which is assumed to control

R ussia to-day and for the kind of democracy that exists in Italy,or even in our beloved colleague of France;we are fighting for,w e have fought for, legitimate democracy .

A s an example —perhaps it may be a rather shocking one—oi

the point of view of some of the democrats of Europe, I shall tell

y ou a little story of what happened , just after the Russian débficle

A N N UA L BA NOUET . 67

in my legation. Naturally , it was my business to be acquaintedwith all kinds of people, from the Russian Bolshevik to theCzarina of all the Russias. Just after the downfall of the Czar,there came in to me a Bolshevik whom I had known for some

time, an enthusiastic Bolshevik. He didn’t speak any Englishand I didn’t speak any Russian, so we spoke in French .

“Ah !Cher am i !” he said , kissing me on both cheeks—which wasn’t

particularly enjoyed— (laughter)“we are friends;we are friends

at last. I have never been in your great country, but I know thesentiments of your people . We have the same ideas, at last, atlast we are brothers.

” Then I said to him ,

“What are you thinking oi , exactly?

” I have come on a very important mission.

I have discovered that throughout all the English-speakingcountries, in New York, especially in London, there is what iscalled a Woman ’

s Ex change . I know that in Copenhagen hereyour wife is a patroness of this institution;she, too , being an

American woman, is emancipated as you are. I understand thatas the old order has passed , the bad old laws that governed us

have been swept aside;have gone;that the new day has dawned .

I understand that the poor man now may have his rights.

Divorce ,under the old system cost too much for the poor;but nowevery man may have his opportunity . It has been explained tome that all I have to do is to deposit a small sum for a ticket totheWoman’

s Ex change , and , being tired of the womanwith whom

I am living , I shall see a number of photographs of the lady that

I should like to live with . (Laughter.) I pay my fee and Ichoose her ." (Laughter.)Now, ladies and gentlemen , this must seem an ex aggeration of

the point of view of some of these amiable democrats who are

supposed to represent the real democracy in Europe to-day . It

is no exaggeration whatever. I know I have shocked the ladies

horribly , but the truth is the truth .

Now, I feel sure that your boys and my boy, who is now in

France , that these boys did not go into this war for the sake ofmere fighting . They could have had a taste of that at an ordinary football game;but they went in heart and soul with the full

spirit of sacrifice for an ideal , that ideal that forms the real mar

tial spirit of the Irish race . They went in for freedom , for thehonor of their country, and for the legitimate freedom of Ireland

and all the little nations.

”

(Applause .)

68 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

T HE TOASTMASTER : We have been coming nearer and nearerto the goal .

We have with us to-night , as you have observed , a group of thewounded men of the 16sth Regiment, men who fought in France,who have revived the glories of the battlefields of the old Bri

gades of two centuries ago that fought in the service of France.

These men before us have added a new glory to the Irish name ,to its fighting spirit . I give you the health of the 16sth Regiment,and I call on you to stand and give them cheers. (Applause .)(A Voice

“Three cheers for the wounded of the old 69th , atthe head of the table therel

”

) (Cheers )And I call upon one of the men who led that regiment through

the battles of the Argonne . I call upon Major Thomas T . Reilly,to tell us a little of his story. (Applause.)

ADDRESS OF MAJ . THOMAS T . REILLY .

M r. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am sorry to state that ,in my opinion , while M r. Conboy started out to prove that he

was the 1 per cent that General Bell speaks of and wound up byproving that he was one of the foremost of the ninety-nine , I

am sure that I shall have to claim to be the 1 per cent .

Last Sunday , in the T imes R eview , I noticed a reviewer, who isevidently tired of hearing so much about certain organizations,stated , in reviewing a history of the marines, that , according to

the writers of to-day in the newspapers, the armisticewas entirelybrought about by the sole and unaided efiorts of the marines and

the 16sth Regiment ,“which always must be referred to as ‘the

gallant 69th .

’

(Applause .)I am afraid he overstated the case—none of us claim that.

It would be too silly . I don’

t think that any members of the old“outfit ever came back with any such bragging spirit . The

thing was too large . Of course , there was the British efi‘ort on

the west;there was the efiort of the French , which , when all is

said and done, far outweighed any others, for they met the Ger

mans when they were at their best;they fought them through

four years;and though they were driven back by vastly superior

numbers to the Marne in the first year of the war, and althoughoutnumbered eight to hy e they then fought that great battlewhich turned the whole tide of this war. They caused the Ger

mans to reel and retreat, after themselves being driven back for

A N N UAL BA N QUET . 69

ten days. T he F rench soldier will tell you that they owed thatpossibly to the old strategy of the open square that Napoleoninvented The French peasants (by the way , before we wentover there, we had been reading before the war that France hadlost its sense of relig ion, but the majority of us discovered thatthis was not so) the French peasants still maintain that the onlything that saved them that day was an act of God ;and a peculiarthing about that battle was that before it was fought, GeneralFoch called for the prayers of the French people , and , in his orderof the day after the battle he makes a very pretty reference tothe fact that the prayers must have been heard . That might

seem strange to any one who thinks of these soldiers as simply

killing each other;but you get a sense of the religious over there .

Now, to return to the 165th Regiment, we were only a smallpart of one division, the 4zud . It was nicknamed “The Rain

bow.

” That division, with three others, saw more fighting than

the remaining ones. I n F rance the Rainbow was with the

first four over there. These were First and Second of the regu

lars, the 26th National Guard of New England , and the 42nd .

There was nothing , from the Am erican standpoint , that the

42nd D ivision did not get into . And in every battle phase , the

16sth was there . The men will never contend that they did all

the fighting there, but one thing I will say for the old“outfit,

they did all that was asked of them . They never did take a

back step , and every time that they were put in , in the center of

some of the hardest fighting there, they“ delivered the goods.

”

(Applause.)I do not say this in a spirit of boasting , because we are not

boastful about it;but it is a poor fighting man that will depreciate his own fighting ability , and will side-step and kowtow tothe enemy;and I will admit that that old outfit,

” after they gottheir men into training , had a bit of a swagger to them . Wenoticed that later, when we had lost the old men .

We assembled in Camp M ills, as most of you know, with the

other elements of the 42nd D ivision . Then , suddenly orders

came, and we sailed away to Canada. The First Battalion tookboat at Montreal , landed in London and in Liverpool , and then

finally reached France . The other battalions, several dayslater, sailed directly to France. The first place that the regimenthit was directly behind the Toul sector, which was finally to become the American sector .

70 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

Our greatest struggle, at that time , was with the French climate, with the housing facilities of the men , which were in barns,pretty open to the weather, and with the men

’

s attempts to saythe French word for “ eggs.

”

(Laughter .) A s you would go

around the small towns, you would hnd them in every housesaying (imitating)

“Oeufs ! oeufsl” ; the French people finallyunderstood what they meant, and gave them whatever they hadof that kind of fodder . (Laughter .)We trained in that sector, and finally reached the trenches.

Before I went over , I had a very vivid picture of the trenches.

I heard the sad stories of troops from other nations as thesestories drifted over here , and I thought they must be a terrible

place . They were not so bad . There was many a time later

when we wished we were back in those same old trenches. Theyhave many advantages over the real warfare , which is the openwarfare . There are tw o kinds of war: warfare of position

trench warfare— and warfare of movement, which is the only

kind that wins wars, or wins battles. So , in our last stages, wesighed for the little wooded hills where we had our trenches,where the men had places to sleep , and could keep warm once in

a while , and you could pretty well depend upon the food supply.

We went through all the phases of trench fighting . We wentto a rest sector ” up in a corner of France , near the VosgesMountains. The French and the Germans called them restsectors” ;that is , when wearied after three and a half or fouryears’ fighting , a division would be shot up, many of its men

gone , they would then send the remainder to one of these so

called quiet sectors,” to rest , and they had a kind of gentlemen

’

s

agreement that they wouldn’t bother each other much there .

The Americans came in fresh and vigorous. There was hardlyan American D ivision that came in that didn’t change all that .

The first thing we knew the American artillery wanted to tryout their new guns, and the captains or some lieutenant over

them kept lobbing over some “ hot stufi ,

”

and our infantry men

wanted to send over little patrols into No-Man’

s-Land . Thus it

got so that in our restlessness we were running around” prettymuch . There were not many German patrols out, for it was a

“ rest sector.” But it was varied somewhat, as our battalion

found in the first rest sector they went into .

We had great fear of the gas. It was the thing that we feared

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7 : A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

Frenchman had acquired something in four years which it wouldtake us another year to get . He was and is a finished product.

Of course no nation’

smen surpass the doughboys ,”as they were

called , in the way of ordinary fighting men , in just dash and

courage . They were even too rash . The Frenchman knew how

to protect himself, and ,when occasion called for it, he was as rash .

A s to their stafl‘ work I think their high generals are beyond

compare . I know every time we were under their dominion and

received orders from them , they were works of art . Never was

anything left unprovided for. They seemed to foresee and havean intuition which told them everything that will happen in the

future , as Marshall Foch pretty well proved it within the lastthree months.

We left that trench sector finally and went to other sectors.

We knew that action was ahead . The British had recoiled twicein the spring drive of the Germans. The French had been caughtasleep—one of the few times in the war —at the Chemin des

Dames, with a thinly held line . T he Germans had rolled over

and down towards the Marne and were on their way tow ards

Paris— although even if they had punctured deeper into that

salient, that would not have determined the war, by any means;but it was a crucial time .

A t this time I wish to correct an impression which seems to bein most minds about the Second D ivision. T he papers kept

referring to it as composed of Marines,” “Marines.

" Butthere it contained only two regiments of marines, making one

brigade;the other brigade of that division was regulars;the 9th

and the 23 rd regiments were artillery;all the rest of the brigadew ere regulars. Out of soldiers, there were only or

marines. The whole division did wonderful work . But ,yet even at that time at Chateau Thierry, while it was the 9th

and 23 rd which captured the town—and did the fighting— the

marines, nevertheless , got the cred it in many articles for the

work of the regulars. They were on their way back to a“ rest

sector they were thrown in across the road ;they did their work .

The other regiments which were following were thrown in and

also did wonderful work. The result was the Germans halted ;they gathered up their forces for attack but the salient was toonarrow . It was necessary to widen it. So , the next proposed

attack was to the east of the salient . The Germans prepared

A NNUAL BA NOUET . 73

the heaviest artillery barrage which had been seen in the war,accord ing to French authorities. Our division was the onlyd ivision to the east of Rheims, with the French in Gourard

’

s

Army. The German offensive came on July 1sth . It was their

last. The German of that hour was far different from the Ger

man that was fighting at the end of the war. He was at thattime a victorious German, and he was trying to huish up the war.

He was going to smash right through and roll right on to Paris,w hich would give him more elbow space,more room to manoeuvrein, and he could not see anything else but ultimate victory. Itwas at this battle that General Gourard used his famous strategyof vacating the front line trenches, leaving justasentinel out there ,

putting machine guns in before the front line trenches and in

termediate trenches, and when the Germans came on, the front

line gave the signal , the machine guns split the attack , and theenemy was stopped one kilometre back of the intermediate position. Right astride of the Chalons Road was our division, withthree other regiments right on the road , and with some Frenchchasseurs. It was the first real open fighting the men had . Itwas different from the trench fighting , but the reg iment was in

w onderful shape. It had had every experience that it could possibly have , ex cept the open fighting . It hadn’t suffered veryheavily;it had its officers and its men and itwas ready for battle .

A s the Germans came along they were stopped without ga ining aninch past the position at which Gourard determined that theyshould be stopped . But our men could not be held in their posi

tion; they were too eager . They went over the front. TheGermans came piling down through ravines, through communicating trenches, pushing their old machine guns—which wasthe most efiective weapon they had in this war for putting menin the hospital—ahead of them . Every one of our men wentover with the bayonet . They met the Germans at the wires andstopped them , and drove them back after hy e days’ fighting .

T he German attack was really stopped in the first four hours,but the fighting continued for four more days.

We were then told that we were due for a rest period . We were

told to go back. We did , but after hiking a bit, the camionsappeared . We later learned to know that the camions alwaysmea nt trouble when they came . Instead of a nice, soft drive,it meant a rush into another fight. We were no more than

74 A M ER I CA N I RI SH H I STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

mounted on the camions than we were being pushed up into the

Chateau Thierry section along the Marne . A t that spot weencountered the best troops the Germans had . There were theFifth and Six th , Crown Prince Regiments, the Fourth PrussianGuard , the First and Second Bavarian D ivision. They had no

better troops. They still felt victory . They had been stopped

temporarily , but they were full of fight, and fought very hard ;but the regiment was in great shape and eager for battle . It wasin this section during this desperate push that occurred the so

called battle of the Ourcq River. It was very costly to us. The

regim ent was never the same aga in , but we had crossed the

Ourcq .

About August 3 rd we were pulled out of the sector . I n the

course of the battle , the Germans had been pushed back to the

Vesle River. They had been driven back a distance of 16 kilometres. We had taken prisoners from eight different divisions

on our front , but when the count was made afterwards, we foundthat in the tw enty days, of which we had been fighting fourteen ,

we had lost 77 officers and men of the original that

went into the Champagne fight.

Now in figures, of course , that is large enough . Those figures

were given to me by the colonel of the regiment himself thereare no official figures. I n figures they are large enough , butwhen you come to think that included in that was one of thethree majors, nine of the line captains, and scores of the bestlieutenants, and one of the most regrettable of all

,the loss of our

experienced non-commissioned officers, the seriousness of itbecomes impressive . Good sergeants are the back-bone of anyregiment , and I am sorry to state that in that fight wemust havelost about 70 per cent of our best non-commissioned officers. A t

any rate , the regiment was never the same . We had beenaccustomed to hearing the d ifierent brogues floating out frombarns, aswe passed the mens

’ quarters , and the East Side dialect,the West Side dialect , and even accents from Jersey City and

Brooklyn . (Laughter .)We went back for a couple of days

’

rest, and they started us

training aga in . Then came the replacements, when we added

a few new languages which M r. Conboy didn’

t allude to . They

came from Kentucky , North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas,Oklahoma, and we had six teen Indian tongues, because we got

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 75

sixteen full-blooded Indians from Oklahoma, from as many different tribes—six teen different tribes. All of these men proved

good men. They had the grit that the average soldier hadthe average Am erican— that came in. The Texas and Oklahoma men were especially good ;but, the old-time officers— possibly it was due to clannishness—never felt that the regimenthad really been replaced . We had the same numbers, possibly,but they never seemed to have the same spirit;they didn

’t measure up to the old men;they didn

’t fight like them,though they

fought , fought well .

Well , we went back after this fight. There weren’t many ofus entitled to that seven-day leave you read of and which mysister so dutifully cut out of the paper and sent to me asking,“I s this you ?” and I would have to answer back,

“No .

”A s a

matter of fact, the division never did get the leave;some divisionsdid;but despite the fact that our regiment was over there oneyear, we were too busy .

The next thing we found , after training a short while , we wereenrolled into the St. M ihiel salient attack. The First and the

42nd Divisions were on the longest dimension of that salient,andon the defence line of 19kilometres in length, the largest thing

from the American viewpoint tried yet. We had abouttroops. When the attack was made the ga ins in territory wereenormous, as well as in prisoners . The American papers mademuch of it, but we always regarded that as one of the finestcake-walks we had there. We did not lose many men;we gotbig results, and the position was assured . We ran into some

Austrians, some Wurtemburgers, some Saxons, and , somehowthey did not fight like the Prussians, or the Bavarians.

After that affair , we held the front line for twenty days. ThenOctober zud came along. We went out again . Someone said ,

“Well , we are going to get that leave .

” We knew difierent,

when we saw the camions waiting . (Laughter .) We were on

our way after the Argonne fight, which had started on September26th . Most of the division started in the fight were our newtroops— National Guard and National Army troops. Theyhad not been in many of the bigger things. The veteran divisions, which included the First, Second and Third Regulars, the26th , 42nd , and 3 2nd D ivisions of the National Guard , were notincluded in the first drive, but they all came in later

, seven days

76 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

after the first push , and joined in the famous Argonne-Meusedrive , which covered a front of about 25 kilom etres. It hadthree different phases, the first sta rting September 26th , and

another drive October 14th , and another drive on November I st,and we were not in at first. We were in the other sector stillunder hte, but, after the camions came , we were brought up.

We were pushed in the Argonne drive, right through the First

Division , which had been in, and we were driven against the COtéChatillon over several hills in the village or town of Lyons-St.

George;and here , as usual , we got a very bad cutting up. T he

regiment, somehow or other— I don't know whether it is thenatural impetuosity of the Irish or not—s eemed to have a habitof getting out a bit in front of the others. Well, that gets you to a

point quickly , when you have an objective , but there are someobjections to the system , the worst that I know being the obicetion that you get machine gun hte from both sides, as well as the

front machine gun fire and direct fire of artillery. We werehung up at Lyons-St. George , where , after advancing about four

to five kilometres without any artillery preparation, we were

pretty badly shotup. The battalion I was in command of sta rted

with 876 men and lost 475. The First Battalion was cut up

possibly a bit worse than that. Then we held that position,

advanced beyond the German wires, and the division checkedthe enemy at Chatillon. This check it was that made the

November I st drive possible. They were behind wires in a verystrong position .

We occupied that position for tw enty days , held the l ine , andthen , on November I st, the Second D ivision jumped over . I

think you will realize the importance ascribed to this part of the

sector , the Argonne-Meuse fight, when you hear that the I st,

4zud , and 2nd Divisions of the army supposed to be three of the

most experienced divisions, were all engaged in this fighting .

The spirit of the men of the divisions was the same spirit as in

all previous affairs. The Germanswere coming up. After hanging back a day or two , we moved up aga in;and , in the early part

of November , we jumped through the division in front and went

at the Germans , who by this time were pretty well pulled back.

They fought doggedly on every hill . A s our column advanced

we would get their artillery fire from the front , and get their

machine gun hte later ou;but they were pulling back num is

A N N UAL BA N QUET . 77

takably . From that time on it was a smash and a push , over hill ,through woods;butwe lost men on theway .

The Germans’ light machine gun is a wonderful weapon, and

they certainly knew how to use it. About November 7th , the

Third Battalion, of which I was the commander , left a hill on theright , near the town of Sedan, the town famous in French history.

We pushed our patrols into the outskirts of Sedan, but, despitethe statements of the Am erican newspapers that we enteredSedan, it was permitted to the French to go first into Sedan.

We really had the town;took it;had the outskirts;but , throughan act of courtesy of the division, the French were the first in thetown proper. It was nearly fifty years since they had left it.

November 1 1th , we had heard rumors that the armistice wascoming . We were ready to pull back. That morning the

French came up, and we were relieved ;and , as we were hikingback , about one minute to eleven , every big gun in the Americansector sent over one last parting shot. They all had watches inhand ready to time the sending over.

We then hiked back to a town to rest up. We were told thatour ranks would be filled up. Oi course the men had their usualrumors now we were going to be relieved

”

;“wewere going to see

this leave they had spoken oi”

;but , the next bit of news weheard was that the Regiment was going to be re-equipped ,refitted ,

and filled up, and then sent into Germany with the Army of

Occupation.

We had about 175 men left in our batta lion. We had beenfighting from about October 1 1th to onemonth later . T he bat

talion started out with 875, and when we halted in front of Sedan,

we had 175, 50men out on listening guard , 53 men back with thekitchen. We had added some men during the interval , men

who had come back from the hospital . A t this stage , my batta lion , I know , the very day I left, November 1sth , received

400 replacem ents from the pioneer regiments. They are sup

posed to mend roads, do engineering and laboring work—work

of that sort . The papers said the reg iment is in Germany on thebanks of the Rh ine, but it is not the regim ent that did the fighting .

A t best I cannot see that there are more than 700men left of theold

I left the regiment then, and there were very few familiar facesin it;although I have read recently that Lieutenant-Colonel

78 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

Donovan and other officers have returned from the hospital sinceI left. One of the most familiar figures was Father Duffy .

(Applause .) He seems to have had more lives than a Kilkennycat. I think the papers have had him killed ten times and

wounded a dozen . He has exposed himself and did wonderfulwork . Up in the Champagne fight, he was out in the first front

trenches helping the wounded . He is a marvellous man in every

way . Every man in the regiment swears by him . He knowspretty near every one by his first name , and if he didn

't know it,he would call him by a first name and let it go at that (laughter) ;and he has been a great factor in the bringing up of the morale .

I am glad to state that in the whole course of the war he hasnever been wounded . Only once did he have to leave the regiment , and that was right after the fight at the Ourcq River . He

was broken down by the sights and the sorrows he endured at

burying so many of our dead .

The fighting had been tough , especially in this Argonne-Meusedrive , where we charged over the hills and through thick woods,sleeping in little holes in the ground , living in any kind of brokenhuts, and where the cold November rains came down and soakedus through to the skin . The kitchen never did catch up with the

regiment . We were lucky if we got one meal every second day .

That was hard work . Over the hill we would come and there wewould have to keep doggedly on through machine gun bullets,and , worst of all, the direct fire artillery . I n their rear guardactions, the Germans always figured Here we will sacrifice a

couple of big guns. They planted them where we would haveto come over the hill , and , as we would approach very close tothem , the high ex plosives would come whistling over the line.

We would get very close . They hte until the enemy gets withinhy e hundred yards. Through obstructions of every kind we hadto burst under direct hte of artillery . Then, as we came closer,they would destroy the breech mechanism of the gun and run

away from it.

That is, in my estimation , the worst thing except one that we

had to face. The hardest thing I know of is the job of a chaplainof a regiment , a chaplain , such as Father Duffy is. He is not theordinary chaplain, a man who has been added at the last minute,who might or might not leave his impress on his regiment . He

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80 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

ADDRESS OF REV. FATHER HEALEY .

M r. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am afraid that anyperson who is suffering from a bad attack of hoarseness and at

tempts to make a public speech places his audience somewhat inthe position of a man who , for a long time , had had a sick wife ,and , to a sympathizing friend who asked how she was, he replied ,

“ Poorly” and after a pause he added ,

“ I wish she was well ,or— s omething.

”

(Laughter .)A s I can hardly hope that a miracle will be performed , even at

the hospitable table of the American Irish H istorical Society ,

the alternative places me in the position of not taking full ad

vantage of the opportunity which is usually offered to speakers on

such an occasion as this, and of not doing full justice to the sub

ject on which I am going to speak. Nevertheless, the privilegeof speaking to the American Irish H istorical Society on the sub

ject of Ireland and Democracy” is one which I could not easilyforego , and especially of speaking to the American Irish Historical Society at itsVictory D inner.The victory which we celebrate is a victory for democracy ,

and every victory for democracy brings Ireland and Americacloser together. (Applause .) Every American can take reason

able pride in the fact that the aims and purposes which sustainedthe forces of the Allies in the last desperate battles of the warwere

the aims and purposes which were formulated by the Presidentof the United States. Every American can also take reasonablepride in the fact that the final victory was achieved by the skill

and valor of the American soldier and the American sailor .

(Applause .)It is a source of special gratification to the members of this

Society to know that the aims and purposes of the United States

in the war have been the aims and purposes of the Irishpeople during seven hundred years of their troubled history .

(Applause .)What the final outcome of the warwill be, it is useless for me to

attempt to forecast. A t most, it can be said that no Peace Conference can entirely undo the verdict of war. Democracy istriumphant in principle , if not in fact . It is triumphant in theOrient; triumphant among peoples who have known the blessings of free institutions. It is triumphant in the Balkans; it istriumphant in Hungary; it is triumphant in Poland ;and , to a

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 81

certain ex tent , democracy is triumphant in Germany . T he

German people have rid themselves of the Prussian dynastyunder whom they have so long lived ; and , to a certain ex tent,also , democracy is triumphant in England , because the Englishpeople have rid themselves of the German dynasty under whomthey have so long lived . It is true they have not sent their ruler

to Holland , but they have made the royal family English by Act

of Parliament .Now , as this victory for democracy is a victory for democracy

because it is an American victory , so , too , the result of the PeaceConference will be a victory for democracy if it is an American

victory . It would ill become me to say whether it is necessary

that each and all of the fourteen points should be adopted in

order that the victory should be an American peace . Many

distinguished statesmen at home profess not to understand all of

those points; and probably warned by their ignorance , thePresident of the United Sta tes has felt it incumbent upon him tosee that distinguished sta tesmen abroad will not lack due enlight

enment on the subject . (Applause .)I n spite of the peevishness of the suffragettes who burned the

President’s speeches, and in spite of the peevishness of certain

senators who assail his policy , the American people realize thattheir aims and purposes in the war have been fully and ade

quately stated by M r. Wilson . (Applause .) They realize thattheir ideals are safe in his hands. (Applause .) Nobody questions his eminent fitness for the task which lies before him . He is

a man of more than ordinary academic attainments, and he isalso a man of unusual political sagacity . He goes abroad as a

scholar and a statesman . A s a scholar , he will have an Oppor

tunity at Buckingham Palace and elsewhere to observe at closerange some of the few surviving specimens of that rapidly disappearing species, the king (laughter) ; and in his capacity as

statesman, he will have an opportunity , at Versailles,“ to make

the world safe for democracy . (Applause .)Now , no peace can be considered a just peace, and theworld can

never be considered the home of democracy , if the historic claims

of Ireland to democracy and nationality are not heeded . (Applause.) The Irish people have proved their right to take theirplace as a free democracy alongside of the other free democraciesin the world . (Applause .) They have proved their right by the

82 A M ER I CA N I RI SH H I STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

way in which they have presented their claims. For years, theyfollowed , in the presentation of their claims, the methods which

commend themselves now to the enlightened minds of the tw entieth century . They have appealed to the sense of justice andfair-dealing of their fellowmen;and .time after time the English

democracy has gone on record as conceding their claims, and ,

time after time , the will of the English democracy was nullifiedby the power of English junkerdom as represented in the House of

Lords. A nd when English junkerdom as represented by thepower of the House of Lords was rendered powerless for furtherevil , Ireland was robbed of justice by militarism , by the crudemilita rism of Carson and by the brutal militarism of the Kaiser , acombination which terrified the English government and made itfail to do for Ireland what it afterwards professed to do forBelgium— to fight for the immemorial rights of a small and sub

ject nationality .

The Irish people , in a very short time , will be represented in an

assembly which will gather in Ireland , and that assembly will find

justification in the fact that during the late war the Irish haveproved their right and title to a share in the blessingswhich are toarise in the new order as a result of this war . When it was announced that this was a war for justice and for small nations, theIrish people volunteered out of all proportion to their militarypopulation;they fought wherever fighting was to be done . Theyfought in the Orient and they contributed in no small fashion to

the result which was there attained , and if the people of Syria, and

the people of Mesopotamia, the people of Armenia, and even theTurk , are to enjoy the benefits of free institutions, why is it thatthe Irish who helped to lay the foundations of those institutionsare deprived in their own country of the right of self-determination ? (Applause.)The Irish fought in the Balkans. It was an Irish regiment that

threw itself across the path of the victorious armies of Austria andBulgaria and saved the fleeing armies of the Entente , and , be

cause of that deed , the Slovak peoples in the Bulgarians are to

day laying the foundations of their free institutions, and thosefoundations of free institutions rest in Irish blood . I f those

people are to enjoy the benefits of self—determination , why is it

that the Irish at home are not to enjoy the same blessings that

they purchased for others in foreign parts? (Applause .) (“Hea r l

hear l”

)

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 83

The Irish fought on the western front, in every great battleduring the four years of the war;fought on the northern sector.On the western front, the Irish poured out their lives and theirblood . They fought on the sea and they fought in the air, and

why is it that they are not to enjoy the benefits of that libertywhich they vindicated so nobly and so bravely?A t this coming conference in Ireland , a constituent assembly

will be formed by men drawn together according to a due form ,

representing all parts of Ireland , and representing all classes inIreland . This assembly will have a mandate from the Irish people to draw up a constitution for Ireland . They will find legal

justification in everything that they may do in the avowed and

expressed purposes of all the Allied Powers during the early yearsof this war, those Powers which declared that their purpose inentering the war and the purpose which they hoped to attain wasthe freedom of all nations. Everything that that assembly will

decide upon will be ratified by the conscience of liberty-lovingpeople everywhere .

The Irish , in entering into this conference , are not moved byanimosity or hatred of any other people. They do not seek forindemnities, or reprisals. We hear from them no talk of violenceor bloodshed . The only statements of that kind that have comeforth have been those which have been made by M r. Lloyd

George ’s Coalition Chief Secretary for Ireland , M r. Shortt, whohas declared that Ireland, during the coming year , will see peaceor bloodshed ,

— peace if they submit, bloodshed if they claim therights which the enlightened conscience of the twentieth century ,

as illumined by this war, confers on them .

That is no new threat to the Irish . That is the threat whichhas been ringing in their ears for centuries. That is the threatwhich was made to Belgium , and the answer to that threat is

found in the record of the past war and in the fate of those whomade it.

The Irish people have no desire but the desire for democracy ,

the desire for self-determination . They protest against military

occupation of their country , against having foreign soldiers quartered on them;against being commercially ex ploited by an alien

race . It was that plea coming from Belgium which moved theentire world against the Central Powers. That plea of Belgiumrang through the world for four years. A plea of Ireland of the

84 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

same kind , and representing just the same outrages, has rung

through the world for seven hundred years. The humane utterauces of Cardinal Mercier pleading for his people have no moreweight , have not the same weight , as the utterances of Cardinal

Logue pleading for his. (Applause .)Now , my subject was Ireland and Democracy . Ireland

and Democracy means the union of the hearts of Ireland and

America , a union which has stood the test of years. Let us hopethat , at the next gathering of this Society , what we now look for

ward to as a hope we may then celebrate as an accomplishedfact (applause) ;and that the hopes of Ireland throughout herhistory , to realize among her people the ideals which she admires

among the people of this country , will be attained , and that Ireland will have taken her place among the free democracies of the

world . (Applause .)

T HE PR ESIDENT -GENERAL : Following the wonderfully eloquent address of Dr. Healy , I wish to read to you a resolution that

was passed at a meeting of the American Irish Historical Societythis afternoon , passed with the resolve that it should be submittedwithout debate to this gathering and that those present shouldsignify their approval or the reverse , those who approve to arise ,and those who do not approve it remaining seated .

This is entirely in the spirit of the Doctor’s address. It is inline with the movement made by Irish-American Societies all

through the country . It is the first opportunity that we havehad to make it. It was made, for instance, a little while ago , by

the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick , and the resolution, engrossed ,

was taken to the President , with the signatures attached of all

the members of the committee that formed it. Our resolution

reads :

R esolved , That theAmerican Irish Historical Society endorsesthe principle of self—determination for all peoples as enunciated byPresident Wilson, and requests the President to support fullythe application of this principle to Ireland .

All in favor of that resolution, please rise.

(Nearly all of those present rise.)All on the contrary.

(Some of those present rise .)

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 85

T HE PRESIDEN T-GENERAL : I think I may say that the

Ayes have it. (Applause .)We have heard from the history side of the recent war, and the

Irish share in it, and I wish to call to the attention of our meetingthat particular book about to be issued , to which I alluded earlierin my remarks. It relates to the share of the Irish people in theWar of the Revolution in America . It has been compiled by

the H istoriographer of our Society , M r. M ichael J . O’

Brien

(applause) to whose distinction as a scholar and as an investi

ga tor I have paid frequent compliments, and which I can only

endorse and add to .

The book will be published by the Devin-Adair C0. , probablywithin three or four weeks, and I wish every person present to

carry away w ith him the idea that he must buy a copy of that

book and commend it to his friends;and I ask M r. M ichael J .

O’

Brien to favor us with a few words upon the subject . (Ap

plause.)

ADDRESS OF M R . O’BRIEN .

Lad ies and Gentlemen: One of the human weaknesses is alittle bump of vanity that some of us are ready to develop oc

casionally , and I fear I must confess that I am possessed of that

to some extent. Since you have acceded so kindly to the requestof our Toastmaster that I inform you somewhat of this work towhich he made reference , then I would like to assure you , however , at the outset that neither is he nor am I boosting any commercial enterprise . Far from it;because the work to which herefers was undertaken solely as a matter of race pride and for thepurpose of filling what I know you regard as a long-felt want, totell the true story of the contributions of the Irish to the winningof American independence . (Applause .)I am sorry I am not prepared , on account of being called upon

so suddenly , to inform you of the contents of this work in themanner in which I would like to do . You all know , I am sure ,as I do , that the American historian has very scantily treated theIrish element in American history . A ny man unprejudiced , no

matter of what race , who examines the public records of the coun

try will at once admit that there is considerable ground for our

complaint on that score , because whatever evasive references aremade to the Irish pioneers in America have been written mainly

86 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

by persons whose minds were warped by religious or perhapsracial prejudices, and some of them , to my certain knowledge ,suppressed the truth when they found it.

However that may be, we Americans of Irish blood have noone to blame but ourselves, because we have not investigatedthe history of our race in this country like, for ex ample , the descendants of the Dutch and the English colonists. They have hadhistorianswho made it a sort of a business and a trade to give theworld histories of their own making, which is the reason why theso-called “Anglo-Sax on ”

has for so long occupied the center ofthe historical stage , with the lime light turned on himself in such

00pious effulgence, to the exclusion of all other peoples. The

Anglo-Saxon, it is said , has given us whatever power or prowessor culture our country possesses, and the Irish , who contributedso much to that end , are hardly mentioned at all.

Now , some American historians disclaim altogether that theIrish took any part in the winning of the American Revolution.

They have thrown us out of court;we had no case . Others ofthem let the case go to the jury, and the jury rendered a Scotchverdict, not proven and let me whisper to you there is some

justification for that verdict , because oratory never proves the

case , and rhetoric never convinces a jury . Oratory and rhetoricare all we have been giving;we have not produced the facts.

What part did Ireland take in the American Revolution, and

what is the evidence to support it? There are two features of

Ireland ’

s connection with the American Revolution , one beingthe aid and sympathy which the people of Ireland in Ireland gave

to the struggling colonists, the other being the actual contribution in the field , in this country .

The work to which the Toastmaster refers produces evidenceof the most indubitable character proving our case . You may

recall , at this table last year , I ex hibited photographs of documents which I secured in the Public Records Office in London,

in the Tower of London, and from the H istorical ManuscriptsCommission. I showed you a letter from the commanding generalof the British Army , Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, to Lord Germaine

the Secretary ofWar, in which he said that their most serious

antagonists in the Continental Army were Irish emigrants; I

showed you a letter from Andrew Cyrill an official agent ofthe British Cabinet, addressed to the Earl of the English

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88 AM ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

to the West Indies, whence they were being shipped to Charleston and Savannah for the use of the AmericanArmy .

There is no book ever published upon the subject of the Amerim n Revolution that has mentioned any of those facts which I

have just stated . I said to you I obtained some of this information from the newspapers of the time , and , when I say that, let

me remind you that newspapers of those days could be reliedupon for the truth , because the day of the conscienceless newspaper writer had not yet arrived . (Applause .)What contribution did the Irish make in America to winning

the war? I told you at the dinner last year that I had examinedthe muster rolls of the Continental Army and the Navy of the

Revolution. I illustrated by figures that out of every one hun

dred men in Washington ’

s Army , thirty-eight were either of

Irish birth or were born in America of Irish parents . There is

no man or woman can dispute this sta tement; because , in orderto do so , those disputing it would have themselves to challengethe accuracy of the muster rolls.

One of the late histories of the American Revolution, and one

of the most quoted histories of the Revolution , was written bySir George Trevelyan (P) whom some of you w ill perhaps remem

ber as a distinguished Englishman who was in the cabinet of the

great G ladstone . He wrote a voluminous work on the AmericanRevolution and it indicates that he had spent many years in itscompilation. There is a statement in that work which is to thiseffect, that less than three hundred Irishmen were in the rebelarmy . He quoted as his authority for that statement a Harvardprofessor named Louis Cl inton Hatch , who wrote a book that isalso much quoted , T he A dministration of the A merican R evolu

tionary A rmy. Professor Hatch is alive . I asked him by letterwhat was his reason for making this ex traordinary statement.

He came back and he said ,

“Well , that is how I found it, except

that T revellyan misquoted me , and what I meant tosay was thatthere were less than three hundred Irishmen in the PennsylvaniaLine , not in the Continental Army ,

— meaning the PennsylvaniaLine of which the great General Lee, Light Horse Harry Lee,

of Virginia, says, in his personal memoirs,“They are known by

the name of T he Pennsylvania Line, but they might , with greatpropriety be called T heLine of I reland .

”

(Applause .) A nd so I

followed up the question with Professor Hatch . I picked out of

AN N UA L BA N QUET . 89

themuster rolls ten prominent Irish names. I gave him a l ist of

all the soldiers in the Continental Army and the Navy of those

selected ten names, so as to offset his three hundred . There were

795Kellys (applause) ;there were 590Murphys (applause) ;thereare 450O

’

Briens (applause) ; there are 3 85 Sullivans (applause) ;and there you have the O’

Rourkes, the O’

Reillys, the O’

Donnells

and the O’

Connells. I gave him a complete list of the men bear

ing those ten surnames, and there were soldiers and sailors.

I then selected as supplement another list of 100 particularlyIrish surnames. I selected the F lannagans and the Brannigans,the Coyles and the Doyles, and the O

’

Connells, and the O’

Don

nels—they were all in that list—aswell as Kelley and Burke and

Shea” (laughter and applause) . I sent Professor Hatch this

list and asked him if he would be kind enough to eliminate fromit all the non-Irish names (applause) . He replied by saying thatthe list is very interesting indeed , but he did not think it important enough , when writing his book, to investigate the Irish in the

rebel army; and yet he was willing to use a statement of anotherh istorian, because he informed me that he was not the author;he told me that he received this statement from Charles J .

Stilley , a Pennsylvania historian. I got after Stilley, and I asked

him how he came to make this statement. He said , I got itfromWilliam H . Eagle, who was the librarian and archivist of thestate of Pennsylvania. Eagle was dead , so I couldn

’t tackle him .

(Laughter.) So , you have all four of them , Trevelyan (P) ,Hatch , Stilley, and Eagle , all claiming that there were less thanthree hundred Irishmen in the Revolutionary Army , or in the

Pennsylvania Line, and I sent M r. Hatch a list of over thirteenthousand names of those selected Irish surnames, and I have collected , all told , Irish names, all of men born in Ireland ,who served in the Continental Army . (Applause .) It hastakenme twenty years to do it, but I had lots of fun.

The hour is getting late;I won’t delay you any longer . Letme

say , however , that the work to which the Toastmaster so verykindly called your attention will be published and on the marketby the 1st of February ,

— at least so I am promised by the publisher. It contains absolutely nothing but facts, and every statem ent of fact is backed up by a reference to the authority . Letmealso assure you that none of those asperities that usually are allowed to creep into a book where the Irish and the English are

90 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

spoken of are contained in this book;there is no twisting of theLion’

s tail .” I tell the facts and let them speak for themselves .

A nd , in closing , let me just make this remark : That we owed ,

before the recent war, a great debt of gratitude to one of the other

European countries, our beloved France, for the aid that she

rendered to us in 1778' but I assert now , and I am producing the

evidence which prove3 1t beyond any question or (oi ?) doubt , thatthe Unities States of America owed a far greater debt of gratitudeto Ireland for the aid which she rendered here in winning her

independence . (Applause .) America is a country of honestmen;they want to pay their debts. The psychological momenthas arrived when America should pay that debt (

“Good boy !

(Applause .) A nd letus hope , ladies and gentlemen , that the great

President of the United States will carry out that policy referredto by Dr . Healey , and will apply to that little nation to whom she

owes so much the great principle of self—determination. (Loudapplause .)

T HE PRESIDENT -GENERAL : We have heard from all sides ofthe military spirit— and also on the disputatious side of things.

It now remains to hear something from the benevolent side,from

the philanthropic side , from those who staunch the wounds of

war, and help restore to calm and beauty the battered face of thebattlefield once more .

I call , with great pleasure , upon M r. William P. Larkin.

(Applause .)

SPEECH OF M R . WILLIA M P. LARKIN .

M r. Toastmaster,Ladies and Gentlemen: I do not knowwhether

the Society is affected by the one o ’clock closing law or not

(laughter) , but if it is, we are going to come perilously near to

being under the ban this morning , because we are coming near

the“wee , small hours.

I do not intend to inflictmyself at any length upon you at thisvery late hour, but I am very appreciative of the opportunitywhich has been afl’orded me to appear before you , even for a brief

moment, to say a word concerning the work of the Knights ofColumbus.

A t first blush it might appear as if the topic were not particularly germane to the purposes of this organization and that there

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 91

might not be a very close affiliation between the disciples of theGenoese Mariner and the Sons of the Gael— who have their ownSt. Brendan, although , even then , the warwork of the Knights ofColumbus considered solely as a patriotic American organization would be a fitting theme for discussion at this or any other

American board . But when it is remembered that among theoriginal incorporators of the Knights of Columbuswere a M cG iv

ney , Lawlor , O’

Connor, Driscoll , Mullen, Kerrigan, Colwell ,Geary , Carroll , Healy , and Curran , and that on its present dayroster of supreme officers are a Flaherty , Carmody , M cGinley ,

Callahan , Reddin, Dwyer , Martin, Monaghan , M cGraw , Hart ,M cG ivney , Fox, Mulligan, and Larkin, not to mention thefightingest Irishman of them all— Pelletier, M r. Clarke ’s

cousin from Boston, who gets his name from his father and hisnature from hismother— itwill be quite evident that the Knights

of Columbus have a much closer affinity to this Society than merestep-children. (Laughter .)When the army was at the Mex ican border, owing to innum er

able requests that came to us from various sources, the Knightsof Columbus erected fifteen buildings at various points along thefrontier to provide for the little creature comforts, so far as ourslender resources would permit . Recollect , at that time , all ofthe ex penses were defrayed from our own treasury , but , we didparticularly supply central headquarters where Catholic boys,and Protestant boys, and Jewish boys—American boys, regardless of their religious affiliations— (applause) might come togetherfor social and recreational purposes, and where , too , the boyssuddenly withdrawn from the refining influences of home environ

ment might feel that they were not entirely unbefriended .

When, therefore , the milita ry autocracy that ran amuck in

Europe, and became the common enemy of civilization, directedits piratical energies against our peace-loving people , and we wereleft with no other alternative than to take up arms and vindicateour national honor, or submit to degradation and slavery; and

when the President and Congress of these United States had madethe only choice that free men could make , and we were drawninto the maelstrom raging across the Atlantic,— it seemed obviousand logical that the Knights of Columbus could undertake nobigger , better, or more worthy , or more patriotic project thanto continue the work which we had inaugurated on the Mexicanborder , but on a much more ex tended scale .

92 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

Our plan was indeed a pretentious one, and yet it might besummarized in the single thought that we wished to make life alittle better and brighter and happier for the boys here and across

the seas; and to send along with them a chaplain to comfort ,and guide and console ,whenwar

’

s grim night was upon them .

A nd so we set about this labor of love , and if you will indulgeme for just a moment , I shall endeavor to visualize some of ouractivities by a few excerpts, facts, and figures, rather than by anyattempt at rhetoric , realizing that they will tell much more eloquently than any trick of speech of the Knights of Columbus

contribution in the great world struggle .

Thenumber of buildings the Knights have erected in this coun

try is 3 20. The cost of this work, The number ofsecretaries in this country , 692; the number of chaplains, 100.

Cost of some of the equipment : Pianos, victrolas,moving picture machines, athletic equip

ment, Cost of work overseas : Buildings in France,England and Belgium , 100; number of secreta ries and chaplains,in all, 992 (applause) . I n addition to worth of materials purchased over there by our commissioners , these are some

of the items that we furnished that have been shipped direct

from New York : Athletic goods, a total valuation ofautomobiles, in parts, beef cubes,candy , gum -drops, hard candy , gum , cigarettes,

at a cost of (applause) ; cigars,coffee and tea , condensed milk, drinking

chocolate , pipes, two million , smoking tobacco , soap , talking machines,—a fewspecial machines for the transports, towels,making a total of purchased in N ew York, already inFrance .

Now , ladies and gentlemen, in this great patriotic and humanitarian work, the Knights of Columbus were not striving for anyparticular honor or glory , except such as shall come to them from

the consciousness of having done their bit”

and played thepart that Americans always have played , and always must play ,

please God , in times of stress. (Applause .) We have regardedourselves merely as the instrumentality in the hands of the

American people to discharge a sacred trust and to enable thegreat heart of America to reach out across the seas, to form pointsof contact between the boy who was risking his all in the shadows

A N N UA L BA N QUET . 93

of N o—Man’

s-Land and the loved ones who were left behind choking down their grief and battling with the greatest uncertainty .

How faithfully we have discharged that trust is for the sold ierboy to say on his return. We might anticipate by reading intothe record innumerable tomes, volumes of eulogies from government officials, from military commanders, from directors of hos

pitals, who watched the work of our secretaries as they laboredamong the wounded and the dying, frequently for several hoursat a stretch until they dropped in their tracks from sheer ex haustion . We might tell of secretaries far advanced in years,— for,from the beginning , our minimum age requirement was wellabove the draft limit,— who gave up home , and honorable position, and luxurious surround ings, in order to take up this laborof love;we might tell of men who died here and on the high seas,and

“somewhere in France ” ;or of others who dropped in their

tracks in order to help the soldier boy that they were sent oversea to aid;but for a verdict on our work, we prefer to await thehomecoming of the boys, realizing that in this, as in everythingelse , for the next fifty years to come , if justice shall continue onher throne , the only voice in America , should be, shall be, and

must be the voice of the boy who went out from home and loved

ones and everything that life holds dear into the Valley of theShadow of Death , in order that freedom might not perish from theearth . (Applause .)Oi course , there have been shortcomings and mistakes in our

work;delays in obtaining necessary permits of one kind and

another;or delays on the part of contractors already staggeringunder the burden of purely governmental work. We realizethat there have been these mistakes,—but we submit , in all

humility , that, strong, our organization gave the bestthat was within us;and if through having travelled the ViaDolorosa , and trod the wine press, we shall have won a littleniche in the heart of the American boy , and if we can feel that

through our ministrations we brought a ray of comfort and con

solation into the hearts of fathers and mothers and loved ones inthe thought that their boy was not forgotten , that will be recom

pense enough for us, and will sufficiently compensate us for anyand every sacrifice entailed . (Applause .)Out of the tragedies of this dreadful war cataclysm , the

flowers of love and generosity have blossomed into fullest bloom ,

and sectional and religious differences and old time animosities

94 A M ER I CA N IRISH H I STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

have been set aside , please God , forever. T he green grass thatbreaks lovingly over the graves of our boys on the battlefield ofFrance has quickened the American spirit and has developed in

us a national consciousness so that with the Catholic and theProtestant , Jew and Gentile, North , South , East and West, ouronly rivalry has been as to who shall strive the hardest and darethe furthest in defence of the flag ,

— the old flag that means so

much to us, oh ! so much , now more than ever before !

F or there’

s many a flag and many a landA nd flags of every hueBut never a flag , however grand ,Like our own R ed, White, and B lue. (A pplause.)

So that , ladies and gentlemen , varied and beneficent as has

been the activity of the Knights of Columbus in the years thatantedated the war, it would appear as if its truemission had beenconcealed in the economy of an all-seeing Providence until thedastardly invader of the world ’

s liberties made further toleration

on the part of our country insufferable , and the sword of America

was thrown into the balance in the sacred cause of humanity .

Ever since the drum beat of the nation sounded the call to arms,

the order of the Knights of Columbus has stood revealed as one

of the most potent agencies to develop the morale and strengthen

the arm and steel the nerve of the boys who have liberated thesons of men from the scourge of vandalism and autocracy , and

who , at this very moment, are standing fast and true, a new watchon the Rhine, resolved that the flag which floats over them shallfloat over a liberated parliament of peoples among a federationof nations. (Applause .)A nd now , ladies and gentlemen , at the risk even of an anti

climax, I feel constrained to echo the prayer which has been so

eloquently voiced by Dr. Healy in discussing Ireland and thePeace Conference . It is in no spirit of belligerency , but ratherwith the keenest appreciation of the splendid contribution ofBritain and her colonies in the great world struggle, and with thehope that the heroic sacrifice of her sons may redound to her

undying glory , that we record here our unalterable conviction

that this consummation devoutly to be desired can never come topass until the just grievances of Ireland have been redressed and

until she, too , like Belgium and Poland and Servia and Bohemiaand Alsace-Lorraine , shall have a proper measure of justice metedout to her. (Applause.)

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96 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

made before the tomb of America ’

s greatest friend , We havecome , Lafayette , hurled the American Army straight at the

apex of the German advance , and , from the very moment inwhich they started their offensive until the task was consum

mated and nothing but an armistice or surrender could save theGermans from complete annihilation , the Americans never backedan inch and every man who fell lay with his face toward the east !

(Applause .)I n that illustrious army were countless thousands of men of

Irish blood , like these boys here to-night (applause) , and Major

Reilly (applause) , Father Dufl’

y (applause) , and the lamentedMajor M cKenna (applause) , to whom America was dearer than

li fe itself, but to whom also the hope of a happy Ireland was everpresent . A nd so , ladies and gentlemen , surely we may be perm itted , because of the heroic sacrifices of these Americans ofIrish descent , to venture the hope that Ireland shall not be left

an outcast among the peoples of the earth , but that her justclaims shall be adjudicated along the lines laid down byWoodrowWilson , so that men of good will everyw here shall realize thatthe true spirit of peace has indeed come upon the earth , that the

time of the singing of the birds is at hand , and that henceforththe rifle and the bayonet and the rest of the grewsome paraphernalia of war shall be superseded by the reaper and the scythe , theploughshare and the other tokens of man'

s peaceful bent, and

that the mighty leviathans that now convulse the waters of thesea bent upon missions of destruction shall be converted intorichly laden argosies that , plying between every people and every

port , l ike the shuttles of a gigantic loom , shall weave together the

peoples of the earth into bonds of unity and amity that shallendure until time shall be no more . (Applause .)

T HE TOASTMASTER (President-General Clarke) : I declare the

twenty-first annual banquet at an end .

T HE SECRETARY OF THE BANQUET COMMITTEE (M r. Santiago

P. Cahill) : It is proposed that we send a cable to PresidentWilson embodying the ideas ex pressed by the speechmakers this

evening , to the effect that we desire that Ireland have the rightof self-determination . A ll those in favor will say

“aye. (Cries

of “ aye.

The motion is carried .

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100 AMER I CAN I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

more people of Celtic blood cam e to America in the early daysthan there are Celtic names in the records, many of these latterhaving become anglicized beyond all hope of recognition.

I have already pointed out that if the true history of the Irishelement in America and what it contributed to the formation ofthe American people is ever to be written, there must first be a

complete inquiry made into the multifarious changes whichCeltic names have undergone during the past two centuries, notalone in Ireland but in this country aswell . The names of manyof the Irish settlers, and especially of their descendants, havebecome so disguised that it would be useless to look for them now

under their modern forms.

One of many striking instances of this is the name ,Whitcomb.

A few years ago a lady in Boston wrote me , stating that, according to a tradition in her family , she is

“descended from an Irish

Catholic immigrant to New England named Whitcomb ”

;that,being “ unable to understand how a person of that name could beIrish , and her family having been “

strict Congregationalists forseveral generations,

”

she had asked two professional genealogiststo trace her family . They found that the first of theWhitcombsin New England had settled in Boston about 1720, having comeover as part of an Irish colony which arrived in that year, butthey were unable to trace the name or the family further back.

Ou my informing her that the Irish Whitcombs were originallyKirwans or M acKirwans, she secured the services of an Irishgenealogist, who found that one of her ancestors was a Kirwanfrom Galway who settled in County Meath , Ireland , sometime inthe sixteenth century, and one of whose descendants had comeout to the Colonies. Under the operation of the Penal Laws,Irish families living within the territory known as The Pale ”

were compelled to change their names and adopt English names.

Some made the change by simply dropping a prefix or an affix and

others by transposing letters or syllables of the name , or translating it into what it meant in English . The name , Kirwan, is

an ex ample of the last-mentioned method . Kirwan was derivedfrom two Gaelic words, cior bhan (pronounced

“ keer

which mean literally “white comb,” that is,

“ a man w ith a whitetuft of hair on his head .

" But, the name“Whitecomb was not

euphonious, so in course of time they dropped the“ e and the

name became“Whitcomb !” The name, Masterson, which

DESCENDA N TS OF I RI SH SET TLERS I N A M ER I CA . 101

many think is of English or Scotch origin, is a similar ex ample .

This name is but a literal translation of the old Irish name , MacTiernan, which means

“ the son of the master.”

Irish patronymics are generally easy to recognize , but , on

account of the changes they have suffered , and their conversioninto English forms, they are often mistaken for English names.

American historians paid no attention to this, even if they knew

anything about it. Consequently , they describe such a family as

the Clintons, for ex ample , as of English origin. They found oneof the early Clintons fighting in England by the side of Charles I I ,and they necessarily concluded he must have been an Englishman.

Inquiry in any well-informed quarter, however,would have shown

that the name of the Irish family of Clinton is not of Englishorigin, but that it is derived from the ancient Gaelic name , M ac

Gialla F intain, and which , in the mutations of time became , in

succession, M ac Gi ll I ntain , M ac Chintain , M cClinton , and finally ,

Clinton . The ancestors of George Clinton, first governor of thestate of New York and vice-president of the United States, and of

General James Clinton of the Revolution, were from CountyLongford , Ireland .

A nd so it is with other families who have distinguished themselves in America . Ireland is denied much of the cred it that ishers, and the influence of her sons in the making of Am ericanhistory is proportionately lessened !

During the eighteenth century , when the largest Irish settlements were established in the American,€olonies, education wasbanned in Ireland . The priest and the schoolmaster had a priceset upon their heads. Many of the/people gradually lapsed intoignorance and despair , and it is no /wonder that they knew littleor no Irish history and were igno nt especially of the meaning

and significance of their grand old lan names, and of the system

by which many of these names were derived from the most piousand heroic origins.

Tomas O'F lannghaile, in a series of essays entitled For the

Tongue of the Gael ,” published in Dublin a few years ago , gives

an admirable description of the Irish method of name-making.

He shows that no people has had amore beautiful system of nameformations than the Irish . Every old Celtic name means something ,

”and many have their origin in the most beautiful concep

tions;such , for example , as the names which begin with“G il,

”

102 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

Kil , or M acG ill. G illmore is the anglicized form of theancient Irish name , M ac Gialla-M uire, meaning

“ the son of the

servant of (the Virgin) Mary .

”Guilfoyle is the modern form

of M ac Gialla-Phoi l,“ the son of the servant of (Saint) Paul .

”

G ilchrist comes from M ac Gialla-Chroist, the son of the disciple

of Christ ,”

and G ilpatrick from M ac Gialla-Padriac,“ the son of

the servant of (Saint) Patrick .

”

There are numerous G ilmores , G ilchrists, Guilfoyles and G il

patricks described as Scotch or “ Scotch-Irish ,”and there are

Americans of such names whom one would have a hard time inconvincing— ii they can be convinced at all— that they are ofancient Irish lineage .

How simple it was for the ancient O’

Heas to change their nameto “Hayes ” ; the O

’

Culliens or O'

Culanes to “ Collins ” ; the

O'N eachtan or O

’

N aghten family to“Norton ”

;the O’

Creehans

to Creighton , and the O’

Clerys to“ Clarke ,

” for in the Irish

language O’

Clery means literally“ the grandson of a clerk" or of

some person who occupied the position of secretary or aman

uensis. Likewise , the Irish name , O’

Knavin, meaning literally“ a small bone ,

” became “ Bowen "

;O’

M uloghery , signifying in

Gaelic early rising ,” became Early " ; M acR ory became

Rogers,” because Roger ” was assumed to be the English

Christian name of the Irish Rory.

” The Irish family of Fordderived their name from the original M acConnava, on the errone

ous assumption that “ ava ,

” the final syllable of the name , meanta ford ,

”and in the same way the Irish family of King

” formedtheir name from the original , M acConry , on the assumption thatthe ry

”is derived from righ ,

”a king . One of the clearest and

most scholarly contributions to this subject that has appeared inmany years was that written by M r. Charles O’

Farrell, and pub

lished in the I f ish World during the past few years .

What an ignorant person he was, who was reported in theNew York papers a little while ago as applying to the courts tochange his name from M acG illacuddy to G ill , on the groundthat “ people ridiculed his name !” The first of the Kerry M ac

Gillacuddys got his name from Gialla Cuda , meaning“ the dis

ciple or devotee of Saint Cuda,

"his descendants becoming M ac

Gialla Cuda . His parent was a pious Christian. and a devoted

admirer of Saint Cuda, and deciding to dedicate his first-born tothe saintly priest, he conferred on him the name which meant

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104 A MER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

mmes from an Irish name meaning the servant of humility,which I think is a very beautiful conception. It partakes somehow of a saintly flavor. The letter which I wrote the critic teferred to , comparing the two names, must have given him

“ abad quarter of an hour."

Cu is a word that was much used in name-making by the oldIrish . The word means, literally, a hound , but, in figurative

language , a hero . When such nameswere prefixed by 0or M ac,

they took the genitive form of the word , which is Can. T he

word is preserved in such names as Conway , Conroy , Conmeeand so on. The Conways ofVirginia , an old and wealthy family,

descendant of a colonist who “ came from England in the

seventeenth century, are referred to in Virginia histories as

“ English ”and

“Anglo-Sax on.

"One of the family , Moncure

D . Conway, the noted litterateur, himself says so . Came fromEngland made it appear to the genealogists that the originalsettler must, necessarily , have been an Englishman. I wonder

how Pat. Conway, the popular president of the Irish-American

Athletic Club , the greatest single aggregation of athletes in theworld ,would feel if we called him an Anglo-Saxon?

Some of these names have retained the M ac and discarded the

Con, but supplanted the latter by the syllable na . A n exampleof this is M acN amee, from M ae Con M idhe (pronounced

“mac

con Also , M acN amara, which is from Cu-M ara , a seahound or shark.

I n a great many cases, the prefix M ac, instead of being dropped ,

was translated and its equivalent , son,

”

was added to the name.

Such pure Gaelic names as M ac Fergus thus became Ferguson;Mac Donald , Donaldson;M ac Neill , Neilson and Nelson , and so

ou. M ac David became Davidson by the same process. This is

the same name as M cDavitt and M cDevitt. Some names derived in this way cannot now be distinguished from Englishand Scotch names .

Instances can be cited of men who have distinguished themselves in America whose names were but translations from the

Irish into names of English sound , but bearing the same identicalmeaning. It is claimed by Irish scholars that one of AndrewJackson’

s Irish ancestors was Shane O’

N eill. Sir William Johnson, the celebrated colonial governor of New York, who was anative of Westmeath , Ireland , came from the Mac Shanes, and

DESCEN DAN TS OF I RI SH SET TLERS I N A M ERI CA . 105

James Smith , one of the signers of the Declaration of I ndepen

dence , who was born in Dublin, from a Mac Gowan. These

names were , of course , changed in Ireland . Mac Shane means

the son of John and Mac Gowanmeans the son of the smith

(or blacksmith) hence the transition of these names into John

son and“Sm 1th respectively, when, under the operation of

the English law before referred to , Irish families of the“ Pale ”

were compelled to adopt new names.

The most common method of changing Irish names in America

was by suppressing the M ilesian prefix es M ac and 0, and some

times by transposing the syllables of the name, by which means

the original Irish name entirely lost its distinctive character. Ihave even noticed such a grossly ridiculous transposition as

Navillus, and pitied the ignorance of him who bore it. I f

this American descendant of the O'

Sullivans desired to disguisehis Irish name, as is apparent , certainly he did not succeed , forthe silly attempt is only too palpable .

The name M cGuire or Maguire furnishes a good example ofwhat Irish names have had to contend with , not alone from thekeepers of early Am erican records but from people of that namewho evidently lacked racial pride . For instance , some NewEngland descendants of Patrick M cGuire from Fermanagh , who

settled in Boothbay , Maine , in the year 173 0, are now Megquiers ”

and they themselves think they are “ Scotch-I rish !”

I n Pennsylvania records the name is often spelled M cWierand

“M akquire

”

; in Virginia I find“M ogguire

”

and in NorthCarolina M ekuier,

” all descendants from the Irish M cGuires.

A striking case is that of Patrick M cGuire of Virginia, who so

signed his will , yet in colonial land books recording a grant ofland to Patrick M cGuire his name is down as

“M akw ire

”and

on a survey warrant the same man was written down Megwire .

” The changes wrought in this name in America serve as agood example of many other of the “

M ac” families and this, I

am sure , largely accounts for much of the ignorance displayed bygenealogists and historians as to the racial origin of the firstbearers of certain misspelled Irish names in American recordsand why these people are so oftenmiscalled Scotch-Irish .

"

But , there are also many instances of historical writerswho hadno earthly excuse for assuming that certain persons appearing inAmerican records were other than Irish , but whom they deliber

106 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

ately wrote down as Scotch-Irish . A book which I notice isoften quoted by shallow commentators on this subject is T heScotch-I rish , by Charles A . Hanna , published in New York in1902. I n this book the author gives what he describes “ thenames of the following Scotch-Irishmen , taken from a list of thenon-commissioned officers and soldiers of the Illinois Regimentand the Western Army , under the command of General GeorgeRogers Clark in 1778 . Among the “ Scotch-Irishmen" he includes men bearing such names as

Patrick Conroy Dennis CoheronWilliam Barry John DoyleT homas Connolly Patrick M aherGeorge Burke John M cGann

John M urphy R ichard M cCartyWilliam M unroney Barney HigginsSylvester M unroney Peter LoughlinEdward Cockran John LyonsGeorge Cockran A ndrew Ryan

This needs no comment , ex cept to say that it is a palpablydishonest and deliberate attempt to deprive Ireland and theIrish of the credit of having furnished these soldiers to the Revolutionary cause . It brings to mind M r. Henry Cabot Lodge

’

s

letter to me some years ago , wherein he said that General John

Sullivan was a Scotch-I rishman Now , if General Sullivan hadnot been such a distinguished American soldier— if , let us sup

pose, he had been only a member of the lower ranks of societywe can safely assume , if M r. Lodge mentioned him at all, he wouldcall him a plain , ordinary

“ Irishman !” A strange thing about

this Scotch-Irish ” theory is this— its advocates claim that the“ Scotch-Irish ”

in .the Revolution acquired their sterling Am eri

can patriotism and their hue fighting qualities from the Scotch

end of the hyphen, forgetting or ignoring the fact that nearly all

the Scotch in America during the Revolution were active Torypartisans and faithful adherents of the Crown, and that Thomas

Jefferson’

s original draft of the Declaration of Independencecontained a reference to “ the Scotch mercenaries

"who were

sent over to fight the Americans, but that it was stricken out in

deference to the Scotch patriot , JohnWitherspoon !

Changes in names by the dropping of the Irish prefix , 0’ or

M ac, are also illustrated by such names as Kneill from O’

N eill

or M acN eill;“Knult

” from M cN ulty ;“M oness

” from Mc

Lazarus RyanPatrick R ileyHugh LoganJohn M cGuire

Francis M cDermott

Patrick M cclureJames M cM ullen

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108 AM ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

ex plain how or why this came about, for to do so would need theservices of a most acute psychologist, fortified by a completegrasp of the historical facts. But thismuch is quite plain to anyordinary observer, viz . : that occasionally in America the proudand sensitive Irish spirit, in the early days, succumbed to thetaunts and jibes of those other racial elements who disl iked theIrish , some for political and some for religious reasons. I n manyplaces the Irish were not strong enough to combat this, even if

they wished to , and their descendants having intermarried withdescendants of English , French , Dutch and other immigrants,and nearly all having drifted away from the Catholic faith withwhich their ancestors were identified for centuries, in time theylost vall traces of their Celtic characteristics. To understand this

thoroughly to-day , we should hark back to the time of the PenalLaws when the English in Ireland burned the schoolhouse andhanged the schoolmaster ,

"as Lord Byron so truly said at one time

in answer to an accusation by a member of the House of Lords, as

to the Irish being rude and ignorant !

Many such examples as those referred to are found inAmerican

records and in old newspapers and genealogical works, and ifsome one with a taste for that sort of research and the time to

devote to it would make a study of it, he could bring out a mostinteresting and instructive work and one that would go a longway to prove that Americans, far from being of Anglo-Sax on

origin,

”

are very largely Celtic. To try to prove this assertion bymerely pointing to the present make-up of the American people , as indicated by their names, would be impracticable, for theobvious reason that so many American family names to-day are ofEnglish sound and of apparent English origin.

O’

F lannghaile, in the work already alluded to, explains thatwhilst the greater part of our Irish surnames have no doubt re

tained some trace of their Celtic origin , a good number also havelost every sign of their Celtic nature by translation, half-translation and m is-translation;so that they are often cited as evidenceof English origin. How often do we find Irish families with suchnames as ‘Fox ,

’

and‘Cox ’

and‘Wood ’

and‘Ford ’

and‘Smith ’

and‘White , names that would lead strangers, and do sometimes

lead their owners themselves, to think they are of English race .

Not , of course , that there are not many families of English nameand origin in Ireland ;but there are hundreds of familieswho bear

DESCENDAN TS OF I RI SH SET TLERS I N A M ERI CA . 109

such names who are well known to be pure Irish , and who them

selves are well aware that their names are but translations, orquasi-translations of their Irish names. Others have not beentranslated at all , but assimilated to something of like sound inEnglish , and in their new form look quite Sax on, as when Hardi

man, Harrington, Sexton, Hart and Ward are made out of suchIrish names as Oh-Eireamhoin , Oh-A ireachtain, 0Seascnain, 0h

A irt, and M cc-an-Bhaird .

“To such a degree ,” continues O’

F lannghaile, have manyIrish names been ‘translated or burlesqued into English that

some of our people are led by their un-I rish names to think thatlike others around them they too are Cromwellians, when reallythey are of the ancient and noble stock of the Glenna Gaedheal.The study of Celtic patronymics, therefore , is seen to be one of

absorbing interest and might well be taken up by Americans ofIrish blood . I would advise any person interested in the subject

to procure a copy of O’

F lannghaile’

s work which can be had forthe small sum of sixty cents from any Dublin publisher. EveryAmerican citizen of Irish blood who has any desire to learn some

thing of this interesting subject should have a copy .

A N AUTHORITATIVE ACCOUNT OF THE EARLIESTIRISH PION EERS IN NEW ENGLAND .

BY M ICHAEL J . O ’BRIEN .

Some New England historians claim that the most AngloSax on community in the American Colonies was the city of Boston and its environs. I n fact, Palfrey says that in ante-Revo

lutionary days Boston was exclusively English ,

"and another

historian assigns this as the reason why that city has since beencalled the home of culture and refinement! They assert that

the early settlements in the Colony were confined entirely to theEnglish , and when some condescend to admit that there wereintermittent immigrations from Ireland in the seventeenth and

eighteenth centuries, as a rule they fall back on the theory thatthese people were “

not Irish , but “Scotch-Irish . Indeed ,

in some cases they are referred to as English . Unfortunatelyfor their reputations as historians, the structure of falsehood thathas been erected by these writers has been demolished , as at one

blow, by the T own Books of Boston which were published by theBoard of Record Commissioners of that city , and by numerousother colonial records which have been reproduced in their exactoriginal form .

The fact that a great number of Celtic names appear in therecords of the town of Boston and other places in New England ,

long before the opening of the eighteenth century , is readily

proven, and when studying authentic records such as these one

naturally wonders how certain writers of established probity andrepute , not to speak at all of the minor historians who are but

imitators of the others, can reconcile their statements that theEnglish were alone in the making of New England and that noother people contributed to the laying of its foundations, or,in later years, to the maintenance and development of its institutions. It is admitted that the English were the predominantelement in the Colony;that they controlled the business;thatthey owned the choicest lands and properties;that they made andadministered the laws;that they filled the offices and enjoyed theemoluments and the privileges; that they erected social and

political barriers against all who were not of their own class or oftheir own way of thinking;in short, in the vernacular of the day,

1 10

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1 12 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

ary but unmerited rewards for their historical piracy. But, all ofthis would have been rendered null and void if the Irish inAmerica had themselves taken the trouble of searching therecords and had seen to it that the Irish Chapter in AmericanH istory ”

was given to the public, instead of sitting idly on

their oars all these years and permitting the historical driftwoodto float by to clog the schools and libraries of America with a

spurious and prejudiced“ history.

”

I n addition to the testimony already published in the JOURN ALSof the Society and in A Hidden Phase of A merican History, in

support of the claim that the Irish settled in New England in theseventeenth century , there are appended hereto some examples of

the character of the material that is obtainable from M assachu

setts records. I have collected a great number of similar itemswhich will furnish the basis for other papers on the subject , to beprinted in the JOURN AL from time to time . It should be borne in

mind , however, that these fugitive references to the Irish by no

means cover all people of our race who settled in New England incolonial times, and it would require a much more exhaustive

search than I have been able to make to determine the full number of people who emigrated or were driven out of Ireland to theNew England Colonies. These are submitted merely as symptomatic of the presence of great numbers of Irish in the Colonyatthe period dealt with .

How do we account for the presence of so many Irishmen inNew England at this early period , in view of the conditions thenprevailing there? We learn from authentic English and Irish records that in the year 16 3 9 when the Scotch took up arms againstCharles the First, the latter called upon the Earl of Strafford ,

then his Deputy in Ireland , to secure the fidelity of the Irish , asthe king was apprehensive that the Scotch might derive aid fromIreland . Strafford imposed on the Irish an oath of allegiance ,which they refused to take , and in the attempts to enforce it

numerous arrestswere made and in many cases the captives were

sent over to England , whence they were transported to theWestIndies or the American plantations as bond-servants to theirEnglish masters. Prendergast has shown that ten years laterCromwell began to transport many thousands of Irish men and

women to the Colonies, and in the documents in the Englisharchives reproduced by Hotten the names of these unfortunates

IRISH PI ON EERS I N NEW ENGLAND. 1 13

are given , and thesenames clearly show that nearly allwere of oldIrish Catholic families.

l

The majority of the Irish in New England at this time, therefore, were among these victims of English cruelty and while theywere as much despised by their enemies in Am erica as they wereby the English at home , they proved themselves useful to the

Puritan settlers, inwhose service they were placed . I t is evident,however, that in some cases, when their terms of service hadex pired and they had conformed to the established regulations ofthe Colony , they were able to embark in some business for them

selves, which explains their independent ownership of lands andhouses in the town of Boston. We hnd in the genealogies howsome of these former Irish bond-servants in tim e rose above theirlowly stations and became the progenitors of families who are

mentioned in American history. To succeed in this way, of

course, they had to renounce their faith and all ties of nationality ,

but in those days the transition was an easy matter. We haveinstances of this in the Maccarthy, Crehore, Dexter, O

’

Kelley ,

O’

Brien, Sullivan and other families, all descended from IrishCatholic emigrants to New England .

That so many of the Irish immigrants and their descendants.

succeeded under the cond itions in which they were forced to ‘liveis not only a remarkable fact in itself, but it is the best evidencethat among them were a highly intelligent, persevering and

determ ined class, a type of men most needed in the AmericanColonies. Indeed , this particular feature of their story is one ofex traordinary interest, since it is so suggestive that the spirit andendurance of the fighting race

” must at times have been calledinto full play against the deep-rooted prejudices of the Puritans.Oi the thousands of Irish immigrants and redemptioners of pre»

Revolutionary times who scattered like leaves by the ruthlesswinds of autumn all over the American Colonies, among thosewho despised their country , hated their religion, ridiculed theirspeech , mocked their manners, caricatured their racial traits andscouted them as vagrants, thosewho settled in New England wereparticularly unfortunate.

1 The Original Lists of Persons of Quality, Emigrants, Religious Ex iles,Political Rebels, Serving M en Sold for 0 Term of Years, etc., who wentfrom GreatBritain to the American Plantations between 1600 and 1700, compiled by JohnCamdenHotten from theW in ] records;London, 1874.

1 14 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

These Irish immigrants comprised chicfly the poor and the

lowly who were driven from the homeland through poverty and

political persecutions and who labored in the helds and the workshops of N ew England ;but in the eighteenth century there alsocame many voluntary ex iles able to pay their own way , valuablecolonists such as artisans, farmers, mechanics , shipbuilders, aswell as numbers of proficient teachers to whom the children of the

Puritans became indebted for their education. A nd of these therecords bear witness that when the Revolutionary war came on,

they were no less reluctant to join the patriot forces than were theboasted descendants of the Puritans. I n some places in NewEngland we hnd the children of Puritan families depending en

tirely for their early training upon schoolmasters bearing such oldIrish names as Kelly, Sullivan, Fitzgerald , Hickey, Murphy,

Mooney , Moloney , M cM ahon, Lynch , Reilly , O’

Brien and so on,

and we can say with a certainty that cannot be refuted , that theyrivalled in every respect the native American and English teach

ers and that they inculcated in the minds of the children undertheir care a sound American patriotism ,which stood the test when

their country needed their services in her hour of trial .

T he question was once put to me : “Why mortify us by the

continued publication of the names of all those Irish apostatesfrom the records of Baptist and Methodist churches? A nd awriter in a New England Catholic paper criticized me severelyfor “

exposing" the facts about “ the lost Irish in the Colonies.

T hese people don’t think ! Naturally , one has less respect for

immature opinions hastily formed than he can for opinions based

upon knowledge of the facts, and that is just the position in this

case . A s far back as I can recall , the Irish in America have beenmaking certain claims as to “

the rivers of Irish blood which

flows through the veins of old American families,” of “ the great

immigrations of our people to the American Colonies, which

ex plain why so many Irish soldiers fought in the armies ofWash

ington , and so on. But, the cold fact is, that we have been

laughed at for our pains, because we have not submitted the proofthat the Irish came to this country before the Revolution in any

appreciable numbers . I n only very few of the books, pamphlets,magazine and newspaper articles that have been written on

the subject and in the oratorical outbursts of public speakers,has there been any proof offered substantiating these claims;

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16 A MERI CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

T o Enable them to Effect the same and thereforecould do noth inghere0n although they suspected a considerable number of Roman

Catholids to be how inTown. T he number of Irish names in the

town records indicate clearly who this considerable number ofRoman Catholics ” were .

It was, of course , a terrible misfortune from any viewpoint

we may consider it that the early Irish immigrants had to aban

don their faith , and it is mortifying to see so many persons bear

ing the grand old Gaelic names figuring in the records of Baptist,Methodist and other churches alongside the Puritans who

‘

hatedthem . I n the seventeenth century no one could acquire property

or carry on business in N ew England unless he compl ied w ithcertain conditions, the chief of these being that he should be anadherent of some Protestant church and take the Test Oath

and Oath of Allegiance .

" Catholics were debarred from everyprivilege and as such could not live among the Puritans. Theywere deprived of the civil rights accorded to those of other

religious denominations. Religion was the standard by whichall things, social and political , were regulated , and the man or

woman who did not publicly join some one of the Protestant

sects was ostracized from society and every possible obsta cle

placed in the way of their advancement in the world . When wehnd Irishmen recorded among the property owners, we knowthey must have complied with these conditions and that they

abandoned the faith of their fathers soon after their settlement

in the Colonies.

But, we must be charitable to their memory. There was noalternative for them;it was their only chance to succeed in life,unless they chose to remain in the condition of serfs, and it cannot be assumed that men who sprang from the ancient Catholicfam ilies of Ireland , as their names indicate , were other thanCatholic in their own country. T o-day , even considering the

great lapse of time and the dearth of information, it requires butlittle imagination to visualize the sad condition of these unfortunate people. They had neither priests nor churches to communewith;they were compelled by law to attend religious services

provided for them by the ruling element;marriages could besolemnized only by a minister of “

the lawful church "or by an

authorized civil officer;their children, to be recognized as legiti

mate,"had to be baptized in church ;they had to attend schools

I R I SH PI ONEERS I N N EW ENGLA ND .

where their race and religion were despised ;and when these children grew up and married and scattered to other parts of thecountry, where they had to contend with the same racial andreligious hostility , many of them soon lost all interest in theirIrish forebears and in course of time their national characteristics !But, the fact still remains that Irish blood.brain and brawn wereamong the contributing factors which made for the advancementof the New England States .

DEEDS AN D CON VEYA N CES RECORDED A T THE REG ISTRY OF DEEDS FOR

1649.M arch 24

1650.October

1652.M arch 18

1652.M arch 3 1

1652.August 3

1657 . June 18

1659. June 16

1657 .December 28

1660.April 2

1662. A ugust 7

1662.September 16

1666. January 18

167 1. N ovember 10

1672. M ay 23

1674. June 10

1681. January 191682. N ovember 2

SUFFOLK COUNT Y . MASS A T BOST ON .

A ll of thevenom named are believed to have been residents of Boston.

John Conan

William Healle Thomas Dudley

John and M artha Samuel Bennett

h William d

T homas Foley. cl at. William Awbrey

William Beamsley David KellyWilliam Healy JohnWeldJohn M oore

John and M artha Joseph Scottow

David Kelly and Da SamsonWaters

vid Kaly . I r.

T ege and M ary Cro Robert Badcock

hone

John M cGoune

John Bennett

Elizabeth Smith

William Stoughton John Barney

Property Conn yed

Farm at the Rocks

goeing to L

House and land in

Land and barn in

House and lands

belonging to the

T ownship of Bos

ton

House and land in

Iron works in N ew

M arsh onHog Island

Land in Roxbury“Ronton farme in

the town of Bos

ton

M arsh onHog IslandOne half of the

twelve shares of

the two patents ofSwampsoott and

House and land in

Lands in M ilton

House and land at

Hingham

Land in BostonLand in BostonHouse and lot in

Land in Boston

House and lot In

1 17

1 18 A M ER I CA N I RI SH H I STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

1686 . A n¢ust 18

1694.a 20 Hom e and lot in

1697 .s 3 Hom e and lot in

RESIDEN T S OF BOST ON WHO S I GN ED AS WI T N ES ES T O DEEDS RECORDED

Dates Witnessese

1659 . February 16

1662.De0ember 8 T homas M urphy Josiah Lofing d’

Hnll to John and

167 1 .0ct0be2'

18 M iles Okely Robert oyer to Jom than Sellick

1674. October 3167 5, Septembe1 9 John Casey and M i- Bill of Sale by Will

’

a aylor

1676.0ctober 6 John Casey N athl. Barnes to Lancelot T albott

167 6 . N ovember 1 7 Darby M aguire

16 76 . July 7167 9 .Deoember x6 William Dempsey John Glover of Boeton to John Glover

of Dorchester

1681 . N ovem ber 7 John Kelley1682. Jnne 6 David F itzGerald Will

'

nm and Leah T owers 60 JosephLynde

1692.0ct0ber 6 Florm oe M acKarty T homas Hamblin to ChristopherWebb

1697 . June 1 James Barree

OTHER LEGA L IN ST RUM EN T S EN T ERED I N THE SA M E RECORDS

Parties Balm s I m a me

1664. T lnddens M acKarty Deposition as to au ignment of mort Lib . 4

1652. 8eptember 1o T homas Foley . 4 al. . Power d attorney

1658 . A pril 1 Roger Corbett Deposition as to ownership 11 ship.Oak T ree

1658. M ay 25 T homas Foley to John Power of attorney

1658. September 3 John Cosgrove. a 2L, Lease

to John F isher.a 01.

1670.M ay 1 3 Patrick Calhoone to Release

1672. February 12 John Kenny1676 . October 3 John Casey1692. December 26 Fergus M cDowell and Power of attorney

Ezekiel Cleasby

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120 A MER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y .

England annals and it occurs more frequently than any other

I rish name . That is to be expected , since the Kellys have always

occupied the head of the list in I rish census returns and in statis

tics involving Irish names, and one of the th ings at which readersof A Hidden Phase of American History have expressed surpriseis th e list given in that book of the 695 Kellys who are recordedtu "

the muster-rolls of the army and navy of the Revolution. Ihave often wondered why none of the numerous Kellys in the

U nited States have thought of w riting the history of people of

this nam e inAmerica . Certainly , there is no lack of material for

alarge volume on the subject and it would make an interestingand important contribution to American history . I n M assachu

setts we find one of the clan mentioned prominently only fifteenyears after the com ing of the M ayflower, in the person of JohnKelly, who came from England in an English ship to Newburywith th e first English settlers of the town in the year 163 5and atleast tw o N ew England historians considered that sufficient

authority for saying that hew as an Englishman, while anothersays that h e was born in England of an Irish father. The DavidKelly mentioned in the foregoing list from the Registry of Deeds

of SuffolkC ounty is thought to have been a son of John Kelly .

A rnong“Persons who took the Oath of Allegiance as adm inis

tered by Governor Simon Bradstreet of Massachusetts, on

April 21 , 1679 ,were‘BrianMurphy , John G ill William Dempsey ,

John and Jonathan Casey , Samuel and Willlam Garey , WilliamM ackenny , and

“ Peter O’

Kelly of Rox bury.

” 1 Five monthsbefore that time, or on November 1 1 , 1678 , Governor John Lev

ere'tt administered the oath at Boston to Thaddeus M acKarty ,

Jeremiah Conow ay , R ichard Talley , Philip M ullen, John Macke

m oryn, M ichael Dalton, Samuel Kelly , John Dowgin, John

Conney , Dennis M ackdaniel, Thomas Hearn , Thomas Sexton,

'Cornelius White and Matthew Collins, and I should not be surprised if the majority of these were Irishmen. Peter O’

Kelly

evidently removed to Dorchester , since the birth records of thattown contain this entry : “ Josiah , the son of

‘

Petar O’

Kally , was

borne N ovembar the 3 d Peter O’

Kelly , Teague Crehore

and David Cremin are included in a list of personswho lived there

prior to 1700,which appears in theHistory of Dorchester published

1 Boston Town Books, Vol.XXIX.

1 Ibid Vol. XX I .

I RI SH PI ONEERS I N NEW ENGLA ND. 121

by the Dorchester Antiquarian and H istorical Society . On July27 , 1696 , seven o f Peter O’

Kelly’

s chiidren were baptized at the

First Church of Dorchester, and in December of the same yearMargaret , Hannah and Mehetabel O’

Kelly and Peter O’

Kelly's

w ife , are included in a list of sixty persons who“ publicly took

hold of ye Covenant”and thereupon were

“ admitted to the

Church .

” 1

There are some interesting references to Peter O’

Kelly in NewEngland annais. About the year 1700 a nutriber of people fromDorchester, Mass., left there to form a settlement in BerkeleyCounty, South Carolina, w hich they called Dorchester, and thefollowing is an exact copy of an entry taken from the records of

the First Church of Dorchester, Mesa :“November 1 , 1696 .

Deacon Sumn’s wife and family and His Bro m r Samuel Sumu‘r

w ith his wife and family , with Peter O’

Kelley's w ife and six

children. Dismissed to y° Church o f Christ near New ington inSouth Carolina ” (since called Dorc‘hester) .1

N owadays, it seem s strange to hnd an O’

Kelley associatedwith such an enterprise , but, as already pointed out, he had to belong to some church and no doubt attended the only religiousbody then in Dorchester. He and his associates received a grant

o f land on the Ashley River, South Carolina, about tw enty-six

m iles from,Charleston and here they located , but on consulting

local ‘histories of Berkeley County, I fail to find any reference to

PeterO’

Kelley beyond the fact that his name ismentioned among

the Massachusetts em igrants.

‘

I t is said they were a band of

relig ious enthusiasts'bent on carrying the Gospel into the wilder

ness and they constructed at Dorchester, South Carolina ,what isconsidered to have been the first church in that section of the”Province. ’1

One of the interesting Irish pioneers met with in my researches

was David O’

Killia, who settled on Cape Cod about the year1657 , and who is mentioned in Old Yarmouth records as

“an

Irishman.

” There can be no doubt that he was an O’

Kelly ,

and since he and his sons were engaged in the fishing industry it

may be assumed that he came there from Galway, the original

1 T he Records of the First Church of Dorchester in N ew England, compiled byR ev. Charles Henry Pope;Boston, 1891 .

1 Records of the F irst Church of Dorchester, p. 148.

1 N ew England Historic and Genealogical Register, Vol. I I , p. 128 .

122 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y.

home of the O’

Kelly or Kelly family in Ireland . It is certainthat at a very early period in the h istory of this country therewas more or less intercourse between Ireland and Newfoundlandand the New England coast . Irish fishermen from Galway and

Waterford , and perhaps from other Irish ports, frequently visitedthese shores, and as shown in the last issue of the JOURNAL , thereis a record of a settlement on the Isles of Shoals off the NewHampshire coast , of fishermen named Kelley , Haley and McKenna and their families, who are supposed to have come fromGalway about the year 1653 . The records of Old Yarmouth ofthe year 1676 contain a list of ninety -nine taxpayers of the town,

each of whom was assessed his proportionate share of the ex penseof King Philip’s War, and among these was “ David O’

Kelia”

who was assessed £2 6 3 . 9d . Teague Jones was also included inthis list and his given name warrants the assumption that he alsowas an Irishman. David O’

Killia or O’

Kelly had four sons,John, David , Jeremiah and Benjam in, and one daughter, Elizabeth , all of whom and many of their descendants are mentioned

in the vital records of the town of Old Yarmouth .

John’

s marriage in the year 1690 is thus recorded : JohnOKilly and Berusa Lewes marryd the loth of August 90, and

David OKille Juny rand Anne Billes mary‘l the tenth of March

and from the Barnstable vital records we learn that Ben

jamin OKilley and Mary Lambart marryd 2 AugustElizabeth O’

Killia became the wife of Silas Sears in 1707 . Whilethe name is spelled in the records in several curious ways, thedescendants of the immigrant for three generations retained the

ex cept his son, Jeremiah , who seems to have been the firstto drop the historic prefix .

Under the head of “ John OKilley’

s Estate , there is an entryin the Barnstable County probate records of December 9 , 1683 ,

reading : Bathsua OKilley vid Relict of John OKilley made oathto the inventory,

”and administration to her deceased husband

’

s

estate was granted to her on December 14 , 1683 . The records

show that in 17 10 the town of Old Yarmouth decided to distribute“the common lands ” and

“in February , 17 1 1 , the proprietors of

the Common Lands met and agreed that one-third of the undivided lands be laid out to the individual proprietors.

”

T he

divisionwasmade by lot and among those who drew lots of tw entyacres each were Benjamin O’

Kelley and Jeremiah Kelley, as well

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124 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

many of them nemoved to various places in N ew Eng land , mem

bers of the Kelley family have remained on the peninsula and

are still there , and the name is perpetuated in Kelley’

s Baynear the tow n of Dennis. Much interesting matter can bewrittenof this family , and the foregoing items are mentioned here merelyto show how readily information is obtainable from the recordsfor a history o f the numerous Kellys who are mentioned in NewEngland records.

John Coggan, or Cogan as he himself spelled his name, w as a

merchant and is referred to as The Father of Boston M er

chants!” 1 He is generally regarded as an Irishman,and although

I can find no authority for this statement , I have no doubt of its

correctness, since Cogan is a purely Irish name derived from theoriginal O ’

Cugain. John Cogan first appears at Dorchester in16 3 2where he took the Freeman’

s oath on November 5, 163 3 .

He was a man of considerable wealth and according to Wash‘

burn’

s J udicial History of M assachusetts he acted as one of the

attorneys under the old charter of the Colony of Massachusetts

Bay.

”He died at Boston, in April , 1658 . Henry Coggan, also

an immigrant, was in Boston in 163 4 , whence he removed to

Scituate , and in 163 9 to Barnstable . His daughter, Mary , mar

ried M ichael Long, on December 22, 1664 . A great many of

their descendants are mentioned in Massachusetts and Maine.

That William Healy, who executed a conveyance o f land at

Rox bury in 1659 , was Irish , is shown by an entry in the town

books of Cambridge of the year 1664 , reading“Willyam

Heally , y° I ershman.

”He was a resident of Roxbury and some

time of Cambridge , and as the town records of the year 1680

refer to the local school teacher as our School Dame, GoodWife

Healy,” it is thought that this was either the wife of the Cam

‘bridge pioneer or of his son,

‘William . The marriage of William

Healy , senior, and Sarah Brown, widow ,

”is on record at Cam

bridge under date of November 29 , 1677 . Of Thomas Foley, I

am unable to find any reference other than the entries appearing

in the records of the Registry of Deeds for Suffolk County of the

year 1652, one of which covered a conveyance toWilliam Awbrey

of“some iron works in New England .

” However, a Thomas

Foley ismentioned in the records of the Salem Quarterly Court on1See J0021141. 011 1 111: Ausmcm I xusa Hrs'romcxu. Socnm r,Vol.VI I ,p. 81 .

I RI SH PI ONEERS I N NEW EN GLAND. 125

December 26 , 1654, in connection with some legal proceed ingsagainst one John G ifford .

1

The Tege Crohone included in the appended list was an

early settler at M ilton. Mass. His real name was TeagueCrehore. and a short account of his career, showing that he

was kidnapped in Ireland and brought to the colonies aboutthe year 1641 , will be found in volume 17 of the JOURN ALoi the Society. The John Barrey who is shown to have bought

a house and lot in Boston in 1682was a mariner in the service ofthe colonial government and is described as “

eu Irishman.

"I n

Essex County records John Barry of Ipsw ich , aged about 28 ,is mentioned and another entry reads

“ John Barrylived in Ipsw ich. sailor, 1670- 1678 ;wife Hannah died May 29.

It is probable that one of these was the John Barrey.the Boston mariner. Another John Barry married Mary Chapman at Ipswich on January 24, and forty-one years afterthat time the name againoccurs in Essex County records. JohnBarrye. late of Ireland , now of Ipsw ich , appointed Administratorof the estate of his kinsman, William B laden of G loucester orIreland , tailor, September 2, is an exact copy of an entryin the probate records of Essex County .

T he JohnMoore who ex ecuted a conveyance to JohnWinchester seems to have been a native of the County of Cork. or possibly of the County of Wex ford , Ireland . A t the Registry of

Deeds for Suflolk County ,

‘ under date of December 28 , 1657 ,there is an entry showing that

“ JohnMoore late of Ballehonickein the Countie of Corke in Ireland , Gentman, Eldest Sonne of

the Late A nn Hibbins, the relict of William Hibbins of Boston,

acting as executor under the w ill of his mother, conveyed to JohnWinchester a fam e of upland and meadow Comonly Called or

knowne by y‘ name of Ronton fam e in the Towne of Boston.

”

I n the deed JohnMoore’

s brother, Joseph Moore ofWex ford inthe Countie ofWex ford in Ireland ,

”

ismentioned . Joseph was alegatee under his mother

’

s w ill and gave his brother John powerof attorney to act for him .

Oi the other Irishmen appearing in seventeenth century rec

ords of suflolkCounty deeds.therew ill be noted such surnames

1 SeeEssex Antiquarian, Vol. VI I I , p. 173 .

1Essex County records.1 I n Essex A ntiquarian, Vol. VI , 0. 184.

‘Liber I I I , fol. 8 1 .

126 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

as Casey , Corbett , Cosgrove , Kenny , M cDowell, Obogan, Mullins, Okely , M urfey , Fitzgerald , M cGoune, Maguire and

Dempsey . Of most of these there is no other mention. JohnCasey , doubtless, was the Boston

“ taylor ” whose name will benoted further on among the tax payers, but Darby Maguire andJohn Cosgrove possibly may not have been residents of Bostonat all. Maguire was one of the witnesses to a deed recorded atBoston on December 20, 1676 , by which Governor WilliamBerkeley of Virginia conveyed Roanoke Island in North Carolinato Joshua Lamb of Boston, but it is not clear whether it was thegrantor’s or the grantee ’s signature that Maguire witnessed .

I n the case of Cosgrove , the instrument which he signed was alease covering lands described as part of the dissolved monasteryat the Hogges, near Dublin, Ireland ,

”and while the lease was

recorded in Boston there is nothing to show that John Cosgrovewas a resident of the town.

The case of Patrick O’

Hogan furnishes a striking exam ple of

the way some Irish names became tw isted into almost unrecognizable shape in early American records. Evidently , Patrick

’

s

education was neglected in so far as the meaning of the historic

prefix to his namewas concerned , so he carelessly signed his namePatrick Obogon,

” when witnessing a deed dated October 3 ,1674 , betw een Daniel Henchman and Edward Y ouring of Boston.

The name, however, is entered in the Registry of Deeds PatrickChogon,

”

and the ex planation of the change is simple enough ,nam ely , that in recording the deed either the scrivener or theregistrar mistook the initial letter “

O’ ”in O

’

Hogan’

s name fora C ,

”

and thus easily transformed this pioneer H ibernian into“Chogon !

” The fact that his name was O’

Hogan is confirmed

by the following entry among the death records Relict ofPatrick Obogan died at Boston June 5,

1

The number of Irish names in the Boston land records admittedly is not very large , but the significance of the matter is nottheir numbers but the fact that any persons bearing such namesare found at all . And since it iswell known that only comparatively few persons, at any tim e and in any place , appear in publicrecords, we have here a clear indication that many more Irishmen were residents of Boston and vicinity at that period . A s amatter of fact, we do not have to rely upon conjecture for this

1 I n Boston Town Books, Vol. IX, p. 219.

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128 A M ERI CA N IRI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

Bryan Bradene, 1688 John Barry, Tanner, 1691

Edward Collins, 1688 Widow Barry, 1691

Edward M ortimore, 1688 Lawrence Driscow , 1691

William G ibbons, 1688 William Downey, 169 1

William M acklaflin, 1688 Robert M oore, 1691

John M ulligan, 1691 Arther Haley, 1691

There were tw o John Barrys taxed , besides Widow Barry.

One is described as a “Tanner and the other I believe to havebeen the Boston mariner before mentioned . James Barry and

his wife , Rachel , had a son James born to them at Boston on

January 8 , 1688 , and James Barry son of James and Eliza Barry,was born there on June 14 , 1692. A James Barry , probably one

of these , is mentioned in the Boston town records of 1709 as

“ a huntsman.

”He kept a pack of hounds and complaint was

made to the selectmen on June 27 , 1707 , that his dogs were“suffered to go at large in y' Town and have done damage tothe Inhabitants in their pastures and gardens,

”

so James Barry

was ordered“ to shut them up

” or else , Rid the Town of suchHounds or Dogges w“ are by him So Kept .

” 1

“T eageo Barry, or Teage Barry as his name was spelled in

the 1688 tax list, was assessed upon“Arable Lands and Meadow,

Pasture Land , Oxen, Bulls and Cowes, Heyfers and Steers, Ewe

Sheep , Wethers and Sw ine,"and Bryan Bradene was assessed

under the same heads in the same year . Two names, Peter

Bowden and Edward Mortimore , will be noted on the list.

Although these names are commonly found in Irish nomenclature ,

if I were to depend on the tax lists alone I would not have in

cluded these among the Irish , but I do include them because

of the following items secured from authentic sources Peter

Bowden, protestant, Merchant of the City of Wexford , Ireland ,now living at Salem , sold ship lately of Dublin, 1684 this

entry being taken from the Registry of Deeds of Essex County,

Massachusetts. I n the Town Books of Boston of the year 1678.Edward Mortim er, an I rishman,

”is mentioned as amember of

the fire-engine company in that year, and in the J ournal of J ohnDanton, an Englishman who came to Massachusetts in 1685,

he mentions several of the prom inent persons of Bostonwhom hemet , among them

“M r. M accarty and

“M r. Mortimer who

came from Ireland , an accomplished merchant, a person of great1 Town Books, Vol. I I .

I RI SH PIONEERS I N N EW EN GLA ND. 29

modesty who could answer the most abstruse points in algebra ,

navigation and dialling.

” This J ournal was reproduced in the

Collections of the Massachusetts H istorical Society .

l Edward

Mortimer’s name also appears in the Boston tax lists of 1695and he is referred to by Drake, in his History of B oston? as an

Irishman.

The Hugh M allagan who paid taxes in 168 1 appears in the

1685 tax list as Hugh“M ullag in

”and in 1688 as Hugh “Mulli

gan ,

” which was his correct name , and the fact that he was an

Irishman is indicated clearly by the following interesting item

concerning him , taken from the R ecords of the Court of A ssistants

of the Colony of M assachusetts Bay ,

8 under the year 1685:

Hugh M ulligan plaint on Appeale fromthe Judgement of the County Court inBoston A fter the Courts sentenc and

M ulligan’

s sentenc‘ to return evidences in the Case pduced were readto I reland under poenalty of Comm itted to the Jury and are on file

2011”

wth the Records of this Court the Jurybrought in their virdict they found a

Confirmation of the County Courts

sentene and costs of Courts, i . e. defrayye charg of T ryall.

"

The fact that Hugh Mulligan was taxed in Boston in 1688

makes it appear that the sentence of the Court was not carried

out for at least three years, i f at all, and it is likely that he paid

the penalty of tw enty pounds. It is apparent from the vitalrecords that there were three separate families named Mulligan

in Boston at this time , namely those of Hugh , John and Thomas.

The birth records in the Town B ooks contain the following entries

Robert, son of Hugh and Elliner M ullegin, born A ugust 9, 168 1John, son of John and Eliza M ullegan, born December 27 , 168 1T homas, son of T homas and Eliza M uligan, born A pril 27 , 1693James, son of John and Elizabeth M ulligan, born December 4, 1694Benjam in, son of John and Elizabeth M ulligin, born A pril 1 , 1699

Mary Smith died at Boston on August 23 , 1696 , leaving a willdated M ay 1 3 , 1696 , in which she named as one of the benefici

1 Second Series, Vol. I I .1 Page 463 .

1 Compiled from the original by John N oble, clerk of the Supreme JudicialCourt;Vol. I , p. 280.

1 M arginal notation endorsed on the docket by the Clerk of the Court.

13 0 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

aries her granddaughter Elizabeth M ullegan . These are theonly entries relative to people of this name in the Massachusettsrecords of this period .

“ John M oligan, Carpenter,”

is referredto in Boston records of 1685, and the name , John Mulligan ,

appears among a list of persons who received abatements of

their taxes in From the fact that “ John M ullekin,

”one

of Hugh Mulligan’

s descendants, is recorded as marrying LydiaWhiting of Boston about the close of the eighteenth century, itappears the name was changed to M ullekin.

Dorman y' Irishman ”

is rather interesting. He paid taxeson

“ a house and garden in Boston.

”

I n one of the JOURNALS ofthe Society2will be noted an account of the career of Dermot orDiarmuid O’

M ahony , who was ex iled from Ireland about theyear 1641 and who died in Boston in 166 1 . This New England

pioneer is shown to have been recorded in various official documents under the names of Dermont M ayhoone,

”B ierman

OM ahonie and Dorman OM ahone,”and I have no doubt at all

that the real Christian name of Dorman y° Irishman was alsoDermot or D iarmuid . This is the only reference to him I havebeen able to find . Matthew Collins, who appears first in the

tax lists for 168 1 , was Matthew Colane or Cullane and was a

cousin of the Dermot O ’

M ahony3 just referred to . It was a

common thing in I reland to call the O ’

Cullanes or Cullanes,“ Collins,

”and indeed people of the name are now generally

known as Collins. The “M r. Carroll” who w as tax ed in 1674 is

down as“ lodger at M r. M ecarter

’

s,” that is, at Thaddeus M ac

Carty’

s house . His Christian name is not stated and the onlyother Carrolls mentioned in seventeenth century records of NewEngland were :Thomas Carroll ,who first appears at Salem ,Mass. ,

about 1688 ;4 Katherine Carrol who , in 1685, was married to JohnWaite at I psw ich ,

Iiand Anthony Carroll of T opsfield , Mass. , the

b irth records of whose children are as follows

Cathren, daughter of Anthony Carrell, born June 3 1 1658

John, son of Anthony Carroll, born October 19 , 1663Anthony, son of Anthony Carroll, born 1666

M ary, daughter of Anthony Carroll, born 1666

1 Town Books, Vol. X.

1 Vol. X I V.

1 See Genealogical Quarterly M agazine, Vol. I , p. 7 1 .

N ew England Historic and Genealogical Register;Vol. I I , p. 210.

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1 3 2 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y.

iel Dennis, son of Dennis and Alice M agdoniel, is recorded

as born at Boston on November 25, 1671 , and“M ichael , son of

John and Isabel M agdaniel,”was born there on July 26 , 1666 .

There was another John of the same name , John M agdaniell,

who wasmarried by Governor John Endecott at Boston to Elizabeth Smith on May 15, 1658 , and the births of whose children

are on record between 1659 and 1674 . One of them , DanielM ackDaniel, was a police ofiicer in Boston and was

“ added to

ye North Watch at a meeting of the selectmen on February 28 ,

17 14. Dennis M ackdaniel Dyed ye 20 Jan,

”is one of the en

tries in the T own Books of the yearAmong names not included in the foregoing list of tax payers,

because of the fact that I do not find them in the regular tax lists,are Joseph Burke and Mother, Thomas H iggins, G ilbert Crowleyand Timothy M ackhue;yet, these are shown among persons

(at Boston) who had their taxes abat in the year Oi

the other taxpayers,with the ex ception of the M acCarthys, I have

not found any mention. There are also other names in the taxlists, such as Barrett, Buckley, Butler , Bradley, Coleman, Cun

ningham , Foy , Ford , Flood , G ill , Griffin, Gwinn, Hayes, Reynolds, Shannon and Welch , who may possibly have been Irish ,but I do not include these because we know there were people of

such names of English or Scotch descent, and while all thesenames are now common enough in Irish family nomenclature,one cannot always be sure that they were Irish , espec ially at theperiod with which we are dealing. It will be noted that I haveconfined this list of taxpayers to the seventeenth century. Thoseof the eighteenth century would make a very much longer andmore impressive list, which wi ll be dealt w ith later. There is

nothing said in the Town Books about the nationality of thesepeople, but I hardly think that many will be inclined to disputethe correctness of the assumption that all were Irish . A nd in

view of the attitude of our historians toward the Irish in omittingall mention of the fact that any such people came to New Englandin colonial times, it is really surprising to find so many old Irish

names on record at this early period of our history .

The book reviewer of the N ew YorkEvening Post in a review of

A Hidden Phase of A merican History, tried to cast ridicule on

1 Town Books, Vols. IX and X I .1 I bid ., Vol. X.

11113 11 PIONEERS I N N EW ENGLA ND. 13 3

some of my statements as to the Irish in the Colonies, whichwere based partly on the names appearing in the Colonial records

and the Revolutionary muster-rolls. I f he had only quoted my

statements, so that his readers could have a chance to form their

own judgment on the question, I would not object so much , but

when he not only failed to do so but ignored altogether the explanations ofiered for including certain names among the Irish , he

betrayed his shallowness and dishonesty . Pretending to haveknowledge of the subject , he claimed that names are no assurance in determining nationality ,

”and I agree with him fully on

that proposition in so far as it relates to certain names commonlyoccurring among natives of England , Scotland , Wales and Ire

land . But, when he intimates that persons bearing names of themost distinctive and ancient Gaelic origin may not have been

I rish at all, he only makes a display of his ignorance of the sub

ject, and his statement is really too absurd for serious discussion.

Who can doubt that people bearing such names as the foregoingwere Irish ?

VESSELS R EPOR T ED I N THE BOST ON N EWS LET T ER , 17 14 T O 1725. A S“EN T ERED INWA RDS ”

A T T HE CU ST OM HOUSE F ROM I R I SH POR T S.OR OUTWA RD BOU N D "

FOR IRELA N D .

Date A nnounced in

N ews Letter. N cm of Vessel. N arm: of M aster. F rom or F or.

1 7 14.A pr. 19- 26 Gray Hound From Ireland

M ay 3 1- June 7 Elizabeth and Kathn'

n From IrelandA ug . 2 9 M ary A nne From IrelandSept. 13

—20 YorkM erchant From CorkOct. 4

—1 1 T homas and J an From Londonderry17 15, June 1 3

- 20 A mity N athaniel Breed From Ireland

N ov. 28- Dec . 5 N ot stated James HamiltonM ay 21- 28 T ruth and Daylight R obert Campbell

17 16. M ay 28- June 4 Truth and Daylight R obert CampbellJune 18—25 M ary A nne R obert M accarral

July 2 9 N ot stated M ontgomery

June 25- July 2 Globe N icholas Oursell

Oct. 8- 15 Princess Caroline

July 2 9 N ot stated

A ug . 12- 19 Globe

Sept. 2 9 N ot stated

Sept. 9- 16

Sept. 9- 16 N ot stated

Sept. 23-3 0

Sept. 3 0—Oct. 7

M ar. 24—3 1

M ay 12—19June 23

-3 0

July 21- 28 James M ontgomery From IrelandJuly 28—A ug . 4 JohnWilson From LondonderryA ug . 4

—1 1 James FergusonArchibald Hunter From Coleraine

From CorkFor IrelandFrom Dublin

F rom WaterfordFrom Ireland

From Ireland

M ontgomery From WaterfordA lexander Douglasse From Dublin

R obert M ontgomery From IrelandEdward Gooding From Dublin

Goodw in From DublinA rch ibald M acPhee deris From Ireland

M ackarrel For Dublin

Alexander M iller From Ireland

M iller For Ireland

Gibbs From Ireland

A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .13 4

Date A nnounced in

N ews Letter. N cm of Vessel.

A ug . 4- 1 1 M ary and A nne

A ug . 2s—Sept. 1 William

A ug . 25-Sept. 1 N ot statedSept. 1 8 Dolphin

Sept. 1 8 M acadam

Sept. 15- 22 N ot stated

Oct. 1 3- 20 M acad am

Oct. 20—27 M cry and Elizabeth

Oct. 27- N ov. 3 Beginning

17- 24 N ot statedN ov. 1 7

- 24

Dec 8—15 J oseph and M ary

17 19 , Dec . 29 (17 18

Jan. 5) George

M ay 1 1- 18 N ot stated

June 8—15 J ane

June 29- July 6 N ot stated

July 13—20

A ug . 10—17 Globe

A ug . 1 7- 24 N 01 stated

A ug . 3 1—Sept. 7 J oseph

Sept. 21- 28 M ary

Oct. 12- 19 A msterdam

N ov 2 9 J oseph and M ary

N ov. 2 9 Elizabeth

N ov. 16—23 Gray Hound

N ov. 3 0—Dec. 7 M ary and A bigail

1720, Jan. 1 1- 18 N ot stated

A pr. 4- 1 1

A pr. 25—M ay 2 A mity

M ay 9—16 A mity

M ay 9- 16 J oseph

A ug . 1 8 M argaret

A ug . 22—29 N ot stated

A ug . 29—Sept. 5Sept. 5

- 12

Sept. 21- 28

Oct. 1 7- 24

1 7—24N ov 21—28

5- 12

19- 26

1721.1N ov. 6—1 31 722.1N ov. 5

- 12

1723 .1A ug . 12—2918—24

Oct. 24-3 1

N ov. 7- 14

1724, A pr. 9- 16

A ug . 20-27

A ug . 20—27Sept. 10- 17

Sept.

1725.M ar. 4- 1 1

M ar. 2s-A pr. 2

M ar. 2s-A pr. 2

M ay 27- June 3June 1 7-24

Eben A llen

1Only a few copies of these years’ issues are ex istence.

F or I reland

N cm of M aster.

A ndrew Watt

N ot stated

James M ontgomeryJohn M ackay

James LawA rchibald Hunter

James LawN ot stated

John Rogers

Salter

Y oa

John M acA rthur

John JonesJoseph N ewellJohn M ackay

Philip BassSamuel Harris

Philip Raw lingsJohnWakefield

N ot stated

Robert Homes

William Lea

Eben A llen

Clifiord Crowinshield

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1 3 6 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

even if we should assume that all of the vessels recorded as fromIreland ,

” where the ports were not named , came from Ulster

ports, the proportionwould be only about 50per cent of the whole !These ships were of various sizes and capacities, ranging from

the little vessel called a “ Snow ” to the large “ brigantine ,”and

the number of passengerswere variously stated as anywhere from

6 to 250. From the N ewsLetterw e obtain occasional glimpses ofthe condition of these immigrants and of the hardships they

suffered on the voyage across the Atlantic, and the following is anexact copy of an account published in that paper of September

9—16 , 1717 , of the arrival of a vessel at Boston Arrived here the

ship , Friends Goodw ill, from Dublin, Edward Gooding, Master,about Eighteen Weeks passage from Learn in Ireland , having

on board two and fifty (250) who have sustained very greathardships in their Voyage by contrary Winds, being put to very

short allowances, both of Bread , Water and Meat , that it is a

M iracle they did not all perish ;but God’

s good Providence hasoften beenvisiblyseen in theirpreservation;first inmeeting a Ship

at sea that spared them some Provisions;and then by Dolphins

and Sharks they catched , and by Rain Water saved on their

Decks, and on the 26th of August last , all like to be swallowed upby a violent Storm , the Sailors being spent with hunger and thirst

hardly able to Navigate theVessel ;one M an died on board and

they had thoughts of casting Lots who should be killed to beeaten, which thro

’ mercy was prevented .

”

The York M erchantwhich arrived at Boston from Cork , Ire

land ,

”in September , 17 14 , brought Irish servants,

”and in the

Globe from Dublin, which arrived at Boston during the week,

August 12—19 , 17 17 , came“sundry servants to serve for 4 to 9

years.

” But Boston was not the only port through which theIrish settlers entered New England , and from Marblehead and

Salem , Mass. , Piscataqua , Maine, and Providence , R . I . , also

came occasional reports of the arrival of vessels from Ireland . Adispatch from Marblehead to the N ewsLetter dated M ay 16 , 17 18 ,

said Captain G ibbs has arrived here from Dublin with Irish and

Scotch servants.

” 1 Piscataqua reported on June 27 that Cap

tain Caldwell is arrived here from Ireland with 178 Passengers,and under the head of Entered Inwards at the (Boston) Custom

1N ews Letter, M ay 12—19, 17 18 .

1 I b1'

d June 23—3 0, 17 18 .

I RI SH P I ON EERS I N N EW EN GLA N D. 1 3 7

House there is an item reading Arrived , Captain James

M ontgomery in the Ship , Wi lliam and M ary from Ireland .

” 1

During the next week Captain JohnWilson from Londonderryarrived at Boston and brought with him boys, young men and

g irls. The N ews Letter of August 4—1 1 , 17 18 , reported the ar

rival at Boston of three ships from Ireland , viz .— ”

T he Robert

from Belfast, Captain James Montgomery“ the Wi lliam from

Coleraine, Captain Archibald Hunter,”and the M ary A nne

from Dublin, CaptainAndrewWatt ,”and onevessel , the William

and M ary ,

“ outw ard bound ” for Dublin under the command ofCaptain JamesMontgomery . There is no mention of passengers

having come in these vessels, ex cept that the M ary A nne fromDublin brought servants.

”

Captain John Mackay , ship Dolphin from Dublin, was re

ported as arriving at Boston during the week , September 1—8 ,

17 18 , and although there is no reference to passengers, the factthat the Dolphin brought passengers is made clear from the fol

lowing advertisement printed in the N ews Letter of the week

named : “ Just arrived in the Pink, Dolphin, John Mackay ,

M aster , with Servants, Boys, Tradesmen, Husbandmen and

M aids, to be disposed of by M r. John Walker at his Warehouse

at the lower end of Woodmansy Wharfi in Merchants Row, or

at M r. Benjamin Walker’s House over against the Town House ,Boston . From Casco , Maine , came the news that during theweek ended September 29 , 17 18 ,

“a vessel arrived at Casco Bay

from Irelandwith severalpassengers.

"1 Adespatch from Piscata

qua in the issue of M ay 1 1—18 , 17 19 ,gave an account of the arrival

there of Captain Y oa, six weeks passage from Waterford ,

” who“ brought the news of the ex pected rising on behalf of the Pretender " and how Irish Officers were raising forces in Ireland for

h im ,

" etc . From the same port on August 21 , 17 19 , came the

news that Captain Philip Bass is arrived at Kennebeck River

from Londonderry With about 200 Passengers. A Passenger that

came in him says that some Vessels with Arms that were going to

the Spaniards and Rebels in Scotland were taken by our Cruisers,one whereof was brought into Derry , the Master , an Irish M an,

and his M enmade Prisoners.

” 8 T he ship Elizabeth which arrived

1 N ews Letter,July 21—28, 17 18 .

1 I bid ., September 22- 29 , 17 18 .

1 N ews Letter, A ugust 17- 24, 17 19 .

1 3 8 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

at Boston from Ireland during theweek, November 2—9 , 17 19 ,

brought about 150 passengers, all evidently from Ulster, andat a meeting of the selectmen on November 3 , 17 19 , several persons who came passengers in the ship Elizabeth, Captain RobertHomes, Master ,

" were “warned to depart.” 1 There is also an

entry in the T own Books of November 3 0, 1719 , that“ Sundry

Passengers who came from Ireland with Captain Dennis and

arrived here in November last," were “warned to depart.” 1

The N ews Letter of August 1—8 , 1720, said : By Letters from

Ireland of the 14th of April last we are informed that the Briganteen, Essex , Robert Peat, Master , who sailed from this Port wassafely arrived there , and that M r. Benjamin Marston of Salem ,

the owner, was seized with the Small-Pox, whereof he died , and

that his son, M r. Benjamin Marston, was also taken with same ,but recovered ;and some Days ago we had a flying report thatthe said Briganteen was bound from Ireland for either this Portor to the West Indies, full of Passengers, and that they were alllost. But , by Captain Luke Stafiord , Commander of the ship

M argaret from Dublin, about nine Weeks passage from thence,

who arrived at Marblehead the 4th instant, we are informed that

the said Briganteen was stranded and is since safely arrived at

London-Derry without any person being lost ." The fact that

the Essex again sailed from Ireland with her human freight, but

was captured by pirates on the high seas, appears from an adver

tisement printed in the N ews Letter of October 10—17 , 1720, in

which Daniel Starr of Boston , by Trade a Joyner , but lately aM ariner on board the Briganteen Essex ,whereof Robert Peatwas

Commander ,” related that in hisVoyage from Ireland to Salem

on the 17th of July last he was taken by one Captain Thomas

Roberts, Commander of a Pirate ship and sloop of 150men, and

forced the said Starr to go along with him against his will .

The owner of the Essex died in Dublin and after Captain Peat

had taken the vessel on her second perilous voyage , Benjamin

Marston, Junior , evidently secured another ship on which he

sailed from Dublin for Salem . The N ewsLetter of August 22—29 ,1720, printed this account of the younger Marston’

s adventures

1 Boston Town Books, Vol. X I I I , p. 63 .

1 Ibid ., p. 64. T hese warnings were of common occurrence in N ew Englandtowns. T here was constant fear that newcomers not well provided for wouldbecome a charge on the town, so they were “

warned to depart."

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140 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

gers. On August 20, 17 19 , Philadelphia reported Arrivedthis morning Captain Clark in a Snow from Londonderry, 12

weeks Passage , who has 149 Souls on board ,

” 1and from New

York came the news on November 9 , 17 19 , that a Pink arrived ,

said to be full of people , we suppose to be from Londonderry ,

for Amboy (N . J .) with Passengers.

”

Several other similar despatches appeared in the N ews Letter

down through the years 1720 to 1725, all indicating that therewere well-established commercial relations between Ireland and

America during this period and that there were continuous

immigrations of Irish people to the Colonies, where, in common

with the English , Scotch and other colonists, they accepted ashare of the burdens which fell to the lot of the pioneer settlers.

That this statement is not made without authority , but is basedon the public records of the time, can be shown in many ways.

For ex ample, at a meeting of the selectmen of the town of Boston

on May 4, 1723 , the following“ order ” was issued

Whereas great numbers of Persons have very lately bin T ransported fromI reland into this Province, many of which by Reason of the Present I ndianWarand otherA ccedents befalling them , A re now Resident in this T own whoseCircumstances and Condition are not known, Some of which if due care be nottaken may become a T own Charge or be otherw ise prejuditial to the well fairand Prosperity of the Place, for Remady whereof Ordered T hat Every Personnow Resident here, that hath w ithin the Space of three years last past binbrought from I reland or for the future Shal come from thence hither Shal come

and Enter his name and Occupation w ith the T own Clerk, and if marryed thenumber and A ge of h is Children and Servants w ithin the Space of hy e Dayes,on pain of forfeiting and paying the Sum of twenty Shillings for Each offence,

and the Sum of ten Shillings for Every one that Shal Continue in the neglector non-Observance of this Order, for and During the term of forty-Eight hoursafter theExpiration of the hy e dayes aforesaid So often as the Person offendingShal be Complained of and Convict before any Justice of the Peace w ithin theSaid County.

And be it further Ordered that whoever Shal Receive and Entertain and

Keep in his fam ily any Person or Persons T ransported from I reland as aforesaid Shal w ithin the Space of forty-Eight hours after Such Receipt and Entertainment Return the N ames of all Such Persons w ith their Circomstances asfar as they are able to the T own Clerk.

1

A s already stated , the historians claim that the people whocame from Ireland during this period and for many years thereafter were only those whom they call the “ Scotch-Irish .

”It is

1 N ews Letter, A ugust 24—3 1 , 17 19.

1 Boston Town Books, Vol. VI I I , p. 177.

IRISH P I ONEERS I N N EW EN GLA ND. 141

not always easyto determinewhat these writersmean by ScotchIrish .

"M r. Lodge , for instance, once wrote me saying that

General John Sullivan was a Scotch-Irishman some historiansplace in that category all immigrants to the Colonies whose

names bore the prefix“Mc ” or “

M ac ,

”

while others simply goahead and seize upon every person who came from Ireland , no

matter how ancient an Irish name he bore , and call him ScotchIrish EvenO’

Briensand Murphys, M cCarthys and Flanagansand numerous others bearing obvious Irish names did not escape !While there is much confusion between them and they contradicteach other right and left as to the origin of the Scotch-Irish ,

”

there is one point upon which they seem to be generally agreed ,

namely, that the first requisite was to be a non-Catholic , and thatfact being settled to their satisfaction, they then conferred uponevery Irishman the privilege of being a Scotch Irishman !While they flounder around in their confusion seeking ex planations, they never seem to strike the right idea . They don’t

know that the term , Scotch-Irish , was first used in this country

as one of contempt or reproach ;when any one wanted to referto an Irishman in a contemptuous way or to say he was of no

account , they usually called him a“ Scotch-Irishman !”

For one who has spent many years poring over old records

such as the newspaper accounts herein referred to , records of land

ofiices, Surrogates’ Courts and Registrars of Wills and Deeds,

church registers, and official lists and documents of all kinds ofthe Colonial and Revolutionary periods, which contain thousandsof names of the oldest Irish origin, it is difficult to hold in checkthe indignation that arises at the palpably dishonest attempts ofhistorical writers to color the facts to suit their own perconceived

notions and ideas. The modern word ,

“camouflage,

" aptlyapplies to the work of these writers, because they make suchfeverish efforts to cover up the facts !

One of the historians who gave some attention to the earlyimmigrations from Ireland to New England is M r. CharlesKnowles Bolton of Boston, author of a book entitled SomeScotch

I f ish Pioneers in Ulster and A merica. One would th ink on read

ing th is book that almost the entire population of Ireland sprangfrom the Scotch who were planted there by King Jamesduring the first decade of the seventeenth century , and that no

one came from Ireland to America in the early days but the

142 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

Scotch-Irish . I ts author tries to support this idea by the

reproduction of many names of evident Scotch origin appearing

in eighteenth century records and documents in the Colonies,but he omits all reference to those bearing purely Irish names,with the result that he has created the impression that none of

this class came to America . He quotes the letters of Thomas

Lechmere, surveyor-general of Massachusetts, in which Lechmere refers to the Irish Familys,

”

and in the very letters anddocuments signed by the settlers from which Bolton quotes it isseen that the imm igrants always referred to themselves as

Irish .

” Yet , Bolton fails to see the inconsistency of his now

giving these people a new racial designation !N0 one denies the fact that a good percentage of the people of

the North of Ireland who emigrated to America were descendedfrom the Scotchmen brought over in the Ulster Plantation.

”

These families lived in Ireland for many generations;in numerousinstances they intermarried with the old Irish families;they werenatives of Ireland ;all their interests were in Ireland;their children grew up Irish , while yet , of course , retaining the religiousbeliefs brought by their ancestors from Scotland . But, religionby no means makes nationality , no matter how much certainwriters may try to prove that it does. A s natives of Ireland ,

they were I f ish men, not Scotch Irishmen, for the same logica l

reason that the late Theodore Roosevelt, for instance , was an

A merican , not a Dutch America n , although of Dutch descent.I f these immigrants were unworthy of mention, the historiansnever would have troubled themselves about them , but, becausethey exhibited qualities which redound to their credit and because they contributed something to the glory of Am erica , theyare dubbed “ Scotch- Irish in the effort to deprive Ireland of thecredit that is her due!

Apart from the fact that the names so plainly demonstrate theracial origin of many of these immigrants, a little reflection on

the part of historica l writerswould make it clear that theassumption that no Irish from the north of Ireland came to the C010nies, is erroneous. I n the foregoing list there are six vessels

Which came from Londonderry , one from Coleraine and one fromBelfast;but, what warrant is there for assuming that all personswho took ship at these portswere Scotch-Irish ? Londonderry

was and is the port from which passengers from Donegal , Derry

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144 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

adjacent counties.

names only !

Duggan

FlanaganFlynnFarrellFoleyFogertyFitzgeraldGahanHaleyHaggertyHogan

HigginsHurleyHickeyHayleyKennyKelliherKelleyKavanaughLeary

M cM ahon

Y et, he includes in his lists theAmong the surnames noted in these records are

M cFadden

M cGowan

M cCafirey

M cBride

M cKeowen

M cGuire

M cCarthy

M cGra

M cLaughlin

M eDonal

M cQuillan

M cM anus

M cN amara

M acgraw

M cSweeney

M addenM eloney

M urphyM alloyM aherM ahoneyM ooneyM ulligan

Scotch-Irish

SOM E TRACES OF THE IRISH SETTLERS I N THE

COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY .

COLLECTED BY M ICHA EL J . O'BRIEN .

The vital records of many New England towns testify to thepresence of a large number of Irish people in this section during theeighteenth century , and from these records, or from authentic

copies of them published by historica l societies, the following itemsare taken :

GLOUCESTER , M ass., M ummers Rsconos.

Daniel M cA fee and Hannah Denning , February 20, 1717

John Flinn and M ary Hammonds, October 20, 17 19M ary Flin andWilliam N elson, January 26 , 1721M ary Flinn and Rd. T arr, January 1 , 1740

R ichard T andy and Rachel A llen, M arch 17 , 1725William M oore and Lydia Parsons, January 22, 173 2James M ccoy and Janet Flem ing , December 19, 173 2James Brady and Jane Stevens, December 7 , 173 0T imothy Higgins and Eliz. Hammonds, February 6 , 173 2Jane Brady and John Carter, N ovember 6 , 173 3T homas Kenneby and Lydia R ig

‘

gs, N ovember 2, 1726Felix Doyle and M ary Goodridge, December 25, 173 5Catherine Connolly and I saac Joslyn, September 9, 1744Esther M acCarty and Epes Sargent, date om itted (she died July 1 , 1743 )R ichard M cGuire and Abigail Bray, N ovember 1 1 , 1759M ichael Flanikin (alias Flanigan) and M artha Bishop, December 9, 1766N abby Cloughlin and N athaniel Blatchford, October 2, 1790Polly Brady and James Lane, December 16 , 1792David Donnehew and Rebecca Brown, December 22, 1796Judith Garvin and T homas Brown, February 12, 1797

Other names appearing in the G loucester vital records in lateryears are Kelley, Collins, Hayes, M cKean, Murphy , Shaw and

Donahew . Four children of Felix Doyle , Daniel , Felix , Samueland Mary, appear in the baptismal records between 173 9 and

1747

Malden,Mass. , is a place which attracted several Irish families.

Among the marriage entries in the vital records of the town arePatrick Flinn and MaryWinsled , on July 16 , 17 1 3 ;James Hayesand Mehitable Sprague , on January 22, 17 1 3 ;Patrick Cowen and

Jean Crawford , on February 22, 173 3 ;Charles Crouley and Mary

145

146 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

Marks, on October 1 , 1745;and William G ill and Martha Flinn,

on March 9 , 1749;and in the ancient burying-ground at Maldenthere is a stone bearing the inscription “Mary Flyn, wife ofPatrick, in her 27th year , died M ay 24th , But, the earliest

date inwhich an Irishman appears atMaldenwas in 1666 . I n the

N ew England Historic-Genealogical R egister (V01. are re

produced the Lane Family Papers. The first of the family inMassachusetts was Job Lane , an Englishman, who settled at

Malden early in the seventeenth century. He seems to havebeen an industrious recorder of events, if one is to judge from hisvoluminous papers, and among them is one dated June 1sth ,

reading : “ John Quinne of the County of Cork in Ireland , binds himself to Job Lane . Witnesses, Thomas Rawlingsand Thomas Rawlings, Jr.

”

I n the seacoast towns Irish people are mentioned in the seventeenth century more often than at inland places. A n entry in the

town records at Salem reads John Garven , drowned 5: 12:“Willm Obrien ”

appears under date of September 13 .1669 , but in what connection is not clear . I n the will ofWalter

Price of Salem dated May 21 1674 , the testator named among thelegatees his “ daughter Elizabeth Burke ,

” 1and Edward , son of

Edward Burke ,”

was baptised in the First Church at Salem on

August 17 , 1687 . Bryant O’

Dougherty who was at Salem in

16831 is another interesting individual , and an entry in the town

records informs us that “Thomas Daley was married and his

daughter borne 16th September , 1682;daughter Mary borne 6July Murphys also came early to Salem . William Murphy is mentioned among the Early Settlers of Essex and Norfolk Counties " in and it is probable that CaptainWilliamMurphy who commanded the ship , Friendship , trading between

New England and the West Indies in 1679 was the same man.

“

“Thomas M urfiee, Boatswain ,

”

was of the Salem Galley , and

under date of August 16 , 1696 , he is mentioned as receiving partof some prize money earned by the crew of the boat .’ Francis

1Essex InstituteHistorieal Collections, Vol. 2 p. 148.

1 I bid..Vol. 41 , p. 3 01 .

1Historical and Genealogical N otes and Queries, by Eben Putnam of Salem.

‘Essex I nstituteHistorical Collections, Vol. 2, p. 42.

11N ew Eng. Hist.-Geneal. Register, Vol. 7 .

° I bid., Vol. 8.

1 Essex I nstituteHistorical Collections, Vol. 41 , p. 186 .

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148 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y.

who , on July 22, 166 1 , married Margaret M ayhoone, widow of“ Dermin M ahoone or Dermin OM ahoine,

” whose real namewas Dermot or Diarmuid O

’

M ahony . Bryan Murphy was

awarded a plot of land in or near Boston for his services in KingPhilip ’

s war in 1676 . Another entry in the town records of the

year 1686 which attracts attention is this “ Benjamin Sullivant, Clerke to ye Councill of Boston. A t first glance, one

would be apt to conclude that this man’

s name was Sullivan;yetthat undoubtedly would be incorrect, for we could not expect tohnd a person of the name occupying such a position, and sincethere were people named Bullivant mentioned in Massachusettsrecords about this period , I assume this was simply a clericalerror in writing down the initial letter of the surname. On theother hand , it is certain there were people named Sullivan inMassachusetts many years before Benjamin “ Sullivant ” orBullivant is mentioned . On the Boston Town Books this entryappears : M ackum Downing and Margaret Suleavan marriedJune , and the births of their seven daughters and one son

between 1655and 1671 all appear in the vital records of the townof Boston.

The town records of Braintree contain this entry WilliamTosh and Jael Sw illivan were united in marriage the 12th mo .

7th 1660, by Major Autherton .

” 1 That the bridegroom’

s proper

name was M cI ntosh and the bride ’s name Sullivan is seen from

the genealogy of the Mott family of New England ,

2wherein it is

stated that M c I ntosh was among the Scotch prisoners shipped

to New England by Cromwell in and that “ Jael Sw illivan

was evidently one of the ship-load of Irish mptives sent to NewEngland in “Tosh ”

and his wife settled at Braintreeand when a company of men from that town set out to settleB lock Island in 166 1 , Tosh was among the first settlers and be

came a man of prominence there. He was made a “ Freeman”

in 1664, Constable in 1676 , and died in 1685. His wife ’s name is

also given in the Mott genealogy as Sullivan. Other I rish nam es

are also found in the vital records of the town of Braintree . Afamily named Hogan was there in 1715, since the birth of

“Han

nah , daughter of Daniel and Mary B ogin,

”is on record at Brain

tree on July 7 , 17 15, and among the marriage entries are noted1 Braintree town records, p. 717.

1 N athaniel M ott of Scituate and his sons, in N ew Eng. Hist.-Geneal.

Register, Vol. 67.

IRISH SET TLERS I N M A SSA CH USET TS. 149

William T osh and Jael Sw illivan, the 12th mo. 7th , 1660

Denice Darley and Hannah Francis, “ 1 1th mo. 3 rd, 1662

Hannah Hogin and Clement Hayden, October 3 1 , 173 4John M adden and Charity Silvester, July 6 , 1765David Kenney and M ary T ant, October 28 , 1774M ary Collins and T imothy Spear, M ay 18, 1777

Hannah Joyce and I saac T hayer, M ay 4, 1782

John M addin and Abigail Jones, September 13 , 1789Elizabeth M adden and Zebulon Randall , July 17 , 1790

Betsey Barry andWilliam Hooker, October 9 , 1790

Speaking of B lock Island , an interesting individual whosename appears in its early records was Timothy M cCarthy . He

was a mariner at Newport prior to 1700and evidently was a manof some local prominence, since his marriage to Elizabeth Williams is on record at Block Island under date of November 21 ,1700. Elizabeth Williams was a daughter of John Williams, amerchant of Boston and Newport and who , in 1687 , was attorney

general of Rhode Island . Timothy and Elizabeth M cCarthy

had three sons, Daniel , Thomas and Joseph , and a daughternamed Althea . Daniel dropped the prefix from his name, andthe marriage register at New Shoreham , B lock Island , containsan entry of his marriage to Elizabeth Trim on July 28 , 1721 , andthe births of their children, Catherine and Daniel , are entered inthe vital records on December 29 , 1723 , and M ay 26 , 1726 , respec

tively . The Cartys were residents of the Island up to 1742,

when they removed to Westerly , R . I . Thomas and Joseph“M ecarty

” inherited some property on the Island , left to themby John Williams and Robert Guttredge, but there is no traceof their names in the local records. During a visit to BlockIsland last Summer I examined the headstones over the graves inthe ancient cemetery , but apparently the only descendant of theIrish mariner , Timothy M cCarthy , buried there was CatherineStafford , the above-mentioned daughter of Daniel Carty , wife ofJames Stafford . I n the parish registers of Trinity Church atNewport there are recorded two marriages which attracted attention, namely, Eleanor M cCarty and John Martin on March 21 ,1744 , and Judith M cCarty and Edward M itchell on October 28 ,1744 . It is entirely probable that Eleanor and Judith M cCarty

were granddaughters of Timothy, although there appears to beno record of their births in the Rhode Island vital records.

Patrick Fassett, brother-in-law of John Reyley ,

”is so men

tioned in the vital records of Charlestown of the year 1671 , and

150 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

judging from the number of places where the former appears, Iassume he was a mechanic who went from town to town in pursuit of his occupation.

“ Joseph , son of Patrick Fassett,”

was

born at Malden in October , 1672, and in that year Patrick wastax ed 3 s. 6d . at Malden. I n 1679 Patrick fiacit ” was taxed 6s.

6d . at B illerim , and it is evident that he and John R eyley movedback to Charlestown, on whose records appears the followingentry : “ John R eyley and his brother-in-law Patrick Fassettcame with wife and tw o children from Eastward to town October21 , 1689 . Fassett died at Charlestown on M ay 16 , 17 1 1 . His

wife ’s name was Sarah , and as there is an entry in the

Charlestown vital records of the marriage of Patrick Mackfassy and Sarah it is probable that this was the man

’

s

real name , or a closer approach to it than Fassett .” N0 dateis given for the marriage, but it was before 1670, since the record

shows that “ John, son of Patrick and Sarah M ackfassy ,

”

was

born at Charlestown in that year. T he large number of items

containing Irish names in the town books of Charlestown indicatethat many of the immigrants from Ireland located at this place.

Thomas B .

'

Wyman, a local historian, examined the originalrecords and the following items are taken from his noted work,Charlestown Genealogies and Estates:

PER SON S AN D EST A TES

Patrick BowenPatrick Boyn ”3 2

Patrick Catogan 1741—1748

Patrick Cowen 1760- 1770

John Connelly 173 6- 173 7

T homas Flinn8 d 6

T homas Flynn 173 9' 4 an 5

T urner Daily 177 1

James Gallagher 1797

T homas GareyT homasGearie 1688

Joseph G ilmoreT homas G leasonM atthew GrifiinPatrick HayJames KellenWilliam KellyJames KenneyJoseph KillenJohn Larey

T u m) AN D Pmuons.

William Lynch 173 7- 1742

Daniel M cLaren 1787

James M cCarty 173 0- 173 4

John M accarty

John M accardy173 0—173 7

Daniel M cCarty 1782

John M cGrath 176 1 ,’66 ,

’

70

Charles M cKoone I 773

Lawrence M cM innis 1756

Patrick M cN amara I 77S

Patrick M aly 173 2- 173 3

John M oore, formerly of Dublin1680- 1681

173 4

1745 1° 1770

163 8

1756 to 1773

177 1

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152 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

William Manning and Eliza Powers, N ovember 8 , 173 3Susanna M elony and William G ibson , 1763

Joseph M oore and Hannah Gellume, 1659

James Runey and Joanna Lane , October 18 , 1753Darby Sullivan and Margaret February 8. 1729Owen Sullivan and Hannah N ewman, March 2, 173 3

M ISCELLANEOU S 11 11113 01 1115101110 111111111151 1111011 Cnm ss1ow11, MASS.,RECORDS.

John Flinn, James Manning and A nderson Lynch joined a military companyat Charlestown in 1759. John Flinn sailed on an expedition to Canada onA pril 24, 1759.

Samuel Barry, also John Barry, a native of I reland , are on record in 1773 .

Some of their descendants are said to spell the name Barre.”

Cadogan, an indigent person , died at Charlestown on N ovember 5,1695.

Robert Calley was schoolmaster at Charlestown from 1748 to 1751 Hewas

a son of Robert Kelley of Malden .James Carey was in business as a draper in 1647 and on A pril 7 , 1663 , he was

chosen town clerk .

Edward Collins sold lands to M ichael G ill at Charlestown in 1702.

John and James Conroy came there from Boston in July, 1788 .

John Cunningham came on the ketch , M ary and Elizabeth, in 1680. His

son, John , was drowned at Boston in 1757 . Had many descendants.

William Dadey was a butcher at Charlestown in 163 0. T estified before theLegislature on A ugust 1 1 , 1679 , that he

“aided in building the battery with

bricksand sods. He possessed much property .

William Daly bought lots at Charlestown from John Powers in 1812.

John Dunawen ismentioned in the town records of the year 177 1ArthurDunn, mariner. Will filed N ovember2, 1767.

Eliza Fennecy of Cambridge, widow, executed a quit-claim deed to one

Carres in 1793 .

T imothy Ford had a lot at Charlestown in 163 7 . His son, Stephen, had a

servant from I reland .

"

JamesGallagherwas a soap and candle manufacturer 1n 1797 .

Hugh Garrett was admitted an inhabitant in 1629. Some of his descendants are Garrards.

Daniel Hayley, wife and two sons, Daniel and Charles, came from Cambridgem 1770.

Patrick Hartigan , drowned at Surinam, A ugust 17 , 17Patrick Hay bought lands at Charlestown in 17 13 . A fterwards, he was aphysician and apothecary in Boston.Sarah Larey was “

admitted to Church at Charlestown on Feb ruary 7,163 9 .

Edward Larkin, wheelmaker, admitted as inhabitant on M ay 3 0, 163 8.

Luke Lennonwas amerchant at Charlestown in 1809 .

William Lynch was drowned and his widow was classified among the townpoor” in 178 1 .

IRISH SET TLERS I N M A SSA CHUSET TS. 153

William M cN eesewas a ferryman in 173 1 .T homas M cCarty is on record as

“a stranger. His funeral was held on

December 1 1740, and ordered to be paid forby the town .

"

Ann M cCarty , widow, of Roxbury, mentioned in 1793 .

T homas M cDonoghue is mentioned in the town records of 1798 .

John M cGrath , leatherbreeches maker,”is mentioned in 176 1

Dennis M c I nierney and wife came from Boston to Charlestown in 1723 .

William M cKeen came there from Halifax on January 26 , 1764.

John M cKownwas a printer at Charlestown in 18 16 .

Robert M cN eil] , of Londonderry or A ntrim in I reland , sold his estate inI reland and came to America with his wife. T heir son, Robert, married MaryMagee at Charlestown . N 0 date is given. Many of their descendants appearin the genealogical records.David M akloney , servant to Edward Burt," is mentioned in 1655.

Dennis M onaane, disallowed to be inhabitant, December 15, 1674.

John Moore, “ formerly of Dublin , shipwright,"appears on the tax lists in

1680. His estate was administered on January 15, 1683 , to his widow, MaryM oore. T homas Moore was also at Charlestown in 1680 and Francis Moorein 1706 . T here is a long line of Moores on the genealogical records.

T homas Mullen and his wife, Mary, “ in town , He was a soldier in1757 and received a bounty of £6 .

A rthurMullen and wife mentioned in 1757.

Patrick Murray and wife, Sarah, and two children , Joseph and Molly,notifi 1782.

Cornelius R ine from Marblehead, notified October2, 173 0.

N icholas Roach came from Boston in 1715.

Dennis Ryan served in Lieutenant Whiting’s company from Charlestown in1762.

James Shaban's name appears in the census of 1789 .

M ary Sullivan and John Sullivan , children of Darby and Margaret Sullivan,w ere born at Charlestown on M ay 8 , 173 1, and January 14, 173 3 , respectively.

A number of Reillys and Rileys are mentioned in early Massachusetts records. One “Henry Riley ” was at Ipswich in“ John R eylie served as a soldier in the Ipswich militia companyraised for King Philip ’s war in 1675, and a

“ Jeremiah R eylaywas at Ipsw ich in Henry Riley was the village blacksmithat Rowley. On August 12, 1656 , he married Mary Elithorp,

and her death is thus entered in the T own Books Good Reila ,w ife of Henry Reila , died October 10, Two monthsafterwards , Henry married Elizabeth Bennett and the death of“ Henry Reiley , aged is recorded under date of May 24 ,1710, and the will of Hennery Rylee , dated January 6 , 1708 ,

1 N ew Eng. Hist. Genoa}. Register, Vol. 7 , p. 86 .

3 I psw ich town records.

154 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

was probated in Essex County on June 19 , People namedKelley , Burke and Lynch also came to Rowley . A n entry inthe town records of October 17 , 1714, reads Eujean Linchand Martha Eliott declared their intentions ”2 (of marriage) .Thomas , son of Thomas and Mary Burke,

" was born at Rowleyon May 25, 17 19 .

“Martha, daughter of Eugene and MarthaLynch , and Mary of the same parents were born at Rowleyon April 2, 1721 , and May 1 1 , 1729 , respectively . Mary Lynch

appears in Beverly, Mass . , death records between September ,173 6 , and June ,

“Widow Martha Lynch died there in173 8 and the death of another Martha Lynch is recorded thereunder “April or May, 1740. Edward Fitzgerald and ElizabethLynch of Rowley were married at Beverly on June 27 , 1740.

In 17 18 one Eugene Lynch was the local schoolmaster at Kittery ,Maine ,“and as his wife

’s name was Martha , I believe the abovementioned was the Irish pedagogue , since it

'

was customary formany of the teachers in those days to travel from place to placewhere they taught school for a few months of the year.

Beginning about the first quarter of the eighteenth centuryand continuing down to within a few years of the outbreak of theRevolution , many I rish fam ilies settled along the MerrimacRiver on both the Massachusetts and New Hampshire sides , andin the records of the towns of Newbury and Newburyport andother towns in th is vicinity are found the names of some of thesepeople or their descendants . And as it is known that the fishingindustry along the New England coast , as far east as New foundland , attracted fishermen from Galway , there is not much doubtthat many of these people came from the west of Ireland . Infact , most of the Irish names which appear in these records areindigenous to the Province of Connacht . Cofiin, in his Historyof N ewbury , quoting from the town records of March 10, 17 19 ,

says : “This year potatoes were introduced by some emigrantsfrom Ireland . They were raised in the garden of M r. NathanielWalker esquire of Andover.” The names of these

'

Irish settlersare not given , but, when the Irish names from the vital records

of Newbury and Newburyport are consulted , we can readily

Essex Probate records, Vol. 10, p. 123 .

Essex InstituteHistorical Collections, Vol. 5.

Old Kittery and Har Families, by Everett S. Stackpole, Lewiston, M e.,

1893 .

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156 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y.

Will iam Hogan and Mary Dwyer, N ovember 8, 1789R uth Hogan and John M ills, July 6 , 1783Charles Kennedy and Patty T appan, July 15, 1797Abigail Kelly and Samuel Pike, September 19, 1791Sarah Kenney and Joe l Colton, N ovember 20, 178 1Elizabeth Kenny and Enoch Coffin, October 29, 1772Mary Kenny and Jomph Merrill, September 26 , 1772John Lannagan and Elizabeth Greenough, A ugust 3 , 1780G ilbert Lyons and A nna N ewhall, A ugust 22, 1786Joseph Mcclaren and A nne Blaney, A ugust 3 1 , 173 9A nne M cClannin and I saac Bowers, FebruaryWilliam M cCleary and Mary N oyes, July 24, 1787Elizabeth M cClennen and William Smith , July 24, 1797Daniel Mccormack and Sarah Pettingal, July 12, 1786Phillip M cGuire and Lydia Ceoch , M ay 12, 1784

James M cKeen and Priscilla Robinson , N ovember 10, 1771

Priscilla M cKeen and A nthony Devereaux, February 12, 1780Robert M cN eal and Margaret Beckman , September 12, 1772Susannah M alligan and ZacheusWellcome, July 12, 1770William Maley and Mary Rolfe, March 25, 1784Daniel Maley and Mary Pettingill , February 23 , 1777Mary Maley and Samuel Sellman , December 24, 1780A lice M ayley and William Stickney, February 8 , 1789Benjamin M ayley and Lydia Mason, A pril 10, 1790

William M ayley and Lucy Bab, July 5, 1778Daniel Moran and Eunice Jester, March 24, 1801Martin Moran and N ancy Waiscoat, A pril 13 , 1801John Mullins and Mary R earden , March 28 , 1779Eliza M u llens and Joseph Dearing, M ay 10, 1804

James Mulvaney and Sarah Clemens, October 3 , 1778John M urfy and Metabel Wells, January 13 , 1765James Murphy and Sally Letherby , June 20, 1806Elizabeth Murphy and I saac M cKinney , October 8 , 1796John O’

Brien and Hannah T appan , September 12, 1779Joseph O’

Brien and Rebecca M oodey , N ovember 7, 1786Phebe O’

Brien and Samuel R ichardson , January 5, 1795William O’

Brien and Lydia T 0ppan, A pril 23 , 1780Hannah O’

Bryant and Hugh Garland , N ovember 1 1 , 1784Hugh O’

Donnell and Abigail Smith , December 1 , 1782William O'

N eil and Mercy Grove, June 6 , 178 1Johanna O’

Sullivan and John Choat, October 7 , 177 1Francis Quin and Lydia N owell, February 27, 178 1M ichael R eddy and Abigail Woods, A pril 3 , 1786Mary Rearden and John Mullins, March 28 , 1779Jomph R iley and A nna Murray, June 22, 1805A ugustine Ryan and Betty Hale Pettigill, December 16 , 1791Elizabeth Ryan and b&ph T itcomb, January 17 , 1788Sarah Ryan and Jonathan Sayward , February 1 , 178 1

IRISH SETTLERS I N MA SSA CHUSET TS. 157

William Scallon and M ary Knight, December 17 , 1780T homas Slattery and Mary Martin , January 28, 1793Mary T obin and John G ibson , February 16 , 1789Patrick T obin and Mary Stanwood , A ugust 29, 1779Patrick T obin of Salem and Elizabeth Cofi

'

m, M ay 20, 1804

Patrick T racy and Mary Dalton, March 24, 1773PeterWhealan and Lydia Straw, December 22, 1779John Whaland and N ancy Livermore, September 13 , 1795

Sm m s A rrsam o 111 11111 E103 1 ss111n Cs111 1m r Dan a Rscoxns 011

N swsunvrom .

Cassaty

Gu n BARRINGTON, Mass.—From R ecords of Saint James'Episcopal Church .

Bm'm s.

Ann, daughter of Cornelius and T hankful Doud , January 3 , 177 1T homas, son of T homas and Mary Garvey, July 14, 1771Edmon , Daniel and Jemima, children of Edmon and Jemima Murphy, N ovem

ber s. 177 1

John, son of John and R ebecca Whalin , December 8 , 177 1Hester, daughter of John and Esther O

’

Bryan, July 26 , 1773M ary, daughter of John and Esther O'

Bryan, M ay 13 , 1775

Jomph , son of T homas and Ann M cGraw , July 9, 1775Elizabeth, daughter of John and Esther O

'Bryan, February 1 , 1777

Elizabeth, daughter of T homas and Ann M cGraw , December 25, 1777Esther, daughter of John and Esther O

'Brien, February 27 , 1780

M ary , daughter of John and Esther O’

Brian, December 3 0, 1781John, son of John and Esther O

’

Brian, M arch 7, 1784John , and Cate, children of William and Cate O’

Hara, July 6 , 1785William, son of William and Catherine O’

Hara, September 18, 1787

BURIALS .

Hester, daughter of John and Esther O’

Brian, M ay 16 , 1775

Mary, daughter of John and Esther O’

Brian, M ay 18, 1775

158 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y.

M ARR IAGE.

William O'Hara and Catherine Carr, M ay 8 , 1782

BROOKF I ELD, M assf —From the Vital Records.

Bmm s.

Abigail, daughter of R ichard and Mary Burk, September 18 , 1727Jonathan , son of Jonathan and T hankful Burk , February 26 , 173 3M ary, daughter of R ichard and Mary Burke, M ay 6 , 1729

Jesse, son of Jonathan and T hankful Burk, A pril 8 , 173 8William, son of Charles and Hannah Doughorty , A ugust 29 , 1765Mary, daughter of Charles and Hannah Doughorty, January 12, 1767A nna, daughter of John and A nna Dunn , March 3 , 1770Jane, daughter of John and A nna Dunn , March 1 , 1768Lucy , daughter of John and A nna Dunn , A ugust 10, 1772Sarah , daughter of John and A nna Dunn , September 27, 1774M ary, daughter of John and A nna Dunn , A ugust 5, 1776John , son of John and A nna Dunn, September 1 , 1778James, son of John and A nna Dunn, March 1 1 , 1783Patience, daughter of John and M na Dunn , A ugust 1 , 1780M inerva, daughter of John and A nna Dunn , A pril 2, 1793John , son of John and A zubah G leason , September 28 , 1789John son of William and Mary Mcc lenahan , March 9, 1795Ham ot, daughter of Elijah and Patience Carroll , March 1 1 , 1796A ugustus, son of Elijah and Patience Carroll , N ovember 10, 1798

M ary, daughter of William and Mary Mcclenahan , A pril 3 , 1799T hankful , daughter of William and T hankful R iley, M ay 8 , 1806

Abigail, daughter of Pearley and Abigail Healey, December 28 , 1807

MARRIAGES.

William M oCoye and T ahath N overnber 22, 1744

William Dougherty and Hannah G ilbert, N ovember 22, 1752R ebecca Doughety and David Getchell , A pril 12, 1759Elizabeth Doughety and Levi Kendall , June 12, 1760Jesse Burk and Leah R ice, M ay 176 1

Jonathan Burk and Sarah Gould , March 29 , 1763Charles Doroty and Hannah Hemmenway , N ovemberJenne Dorety and Benjamin Felton , December 24, 1767William F lahavan and Veronica Vanbibber, July 28 , 1767Violetty Kenney and Jonathan Gale, A pril 21 , 1768James Shay and T hankful Walker, September 21 , 1768John M cM ullin and I sabel Cobb, N ovember 3 0, 1769

M ichael Dougherty and Betty Pratt , October 177 1

Daniel Shay and Abigail G ilbert , July 18 , 1772Edward Madden and Lois Goodale, M ay 7 , 1775

Sarah Dougherty and Ezra Olds, M ay 9, 1776

John Flaherty and Silence A dams, M ay 2, 1776

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160 AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

James, son of John and Elizabeth Connolly, 1749

M ary, daughter of John and Elizabeth Connolly, October 18, 1751Grace, daughter of John and Elizabeth Conole, February 8 , 1755R ichard, son of John and Elizabeth Conole, March 1 1 , 1759Peggy, daughter ofWilliam and Margaret Connelly, February 13 , 1772

John, son of William and Margaret Connelly,July 5, 1774

John, son of Johnl and A nna Foley, June 12, 1778

Elizabeth, daughter ofWilliam and Margaret Connelly, July 29, 1778James, son of John and A nna Foley, July 10, 178 1William, son of William and Margeret Conoly, March 25, 1781Silence, daughter of John and A nna Foley, M ay 25, 1780

Christopher, son of John and A nna Foley, July 18 , 1784

M anmaoss.

Mary Bailie and William Parrett , December 8, 168 1Sarah M accany and Vincent Shetleworth , March 14, 1764Grace Connelly and Zephaniah Hewes, M arch 1 1 , 1778

Patrick Brown and R uth Babrick, A ugust 20, 1725

M smroxn, Mass.—From the Vital Records.

Bum s.

Eleoner M acordy, daughter of one M acordy, I rish , March 23 , 1729M ary, daughter of Daniel and Mary M cCarthy , July 21 , 1747Margaret , daughter of Daniel and M ary M cCarthy , July 1 1, 1749John

, son of John and Elinor G ill, February 12, 173 8Mary, daughter of T imothy and Mary Harraden , January 1 , 1765Mary, daughter of John and Mary G ill , June 4, 1765Mary, daughter of John and Elizabeth G ill , JulyI saac, son of Peter Connery and wife, March 7, 1785Hannah, daughter of Joseph Barrett and wife, March 17 , 1799William , son of Patrick and Hannah Roach , March 13 , 1809Hannah B ., daughter of Patrick and Hannah Roach , October 24, 18 10John P., son of Patrick and Hannah Roach, January 8 , 18 13

Daniel M cCarthy’ and Mary Floyd, March 23 , 1746

David Donahew and Abigail Hall, January 1 , 1745Abigail Donnahew and T imothy Fitch , A ugust 18 , 1746Aaron M cClinton and Martha M iller, December 12, 1749N icholas M cDonald and Mary Ellis, December 5, 1754I sac Conroy and Hannah Jackson , February 5, 1766

1 John Foley was a soldier of the Revolution and served in the LexingtonA larm , A pril 19, 1775.

Referred to as “Captain Daniel M cCarthy” in the records of the First

Parish , U nitarian Church at Medford.

I RI SH SETTLERS I N M A SSA CHUSET TS. 16 1

Daniel Conry and Abigail Hadley, February 26 , 1767Hannah Connary and John Hadley, M ay 2, 177 1

Peter Connary and Mary Fowle, October 13 , 1774Peter Connary and Elizabeth Wakefield , June 9 , 1777N abby Connery and M osesWinship, A pril 19 , 1796Daniel M cClister and Jane Hall, December 7, 1800William Flanagan and Sarah Hall, M ay 7 , 1805

HAN OVER , M ASS. -From the Vital Records.

Bmm s.

Margaret, daughter of R ichard and Margaret Fitzgerald, M ay 23 , 173 2

Katharine, daughter of R ichard and Margaret Fitzgerald, March 16 , 173 5A lice, daughter of Daniel T eague, July 10, 1763

MARRIAGES.

James M acCarty and Elizabeth Smith , A ugust 9 , 173 2Daniel Conner and Elizabeth T aylor, N ovember 20, 173 7Dennis Carrie and Rachel T orrey, February 22, 173 8Edward Conoway and Elizabeth Cane, February 25, 173 9

DEATHS.

Robert M ackerdy (M cCartyP) , July 6 , 1729R ichard Fitzgerald,1 February 1 1 , 1746Katharine Fitzgerald, June 8 , 1762Margaret Fitzgerald, March 22, 1763

CAM BRIDGE, MASS.

From List of soldiers, killed , wounded or taken prisoner, who were inColonel Benedict Arnold ’s detachment from Cambridge, M ass., in the expe

dition against Quebec, September 13 , I n a“ Journal kept by Joseph

1T he record of R ichard Fitzgerald’s death on the Town Books of Hanoversays “

he had been schoolmaster in this town nearly 20 years.

” Fitzgeraldalso taught school at Scituate, Mass. , and appears on the records of thattown of the year 1729 . Flanders, in his Lives of the Justices of the Supreme

Court of the United States, says that“ Justice William Cushing (who was a

native of Scituate) was prepared for college by M r. R ichard Fitzgerald , a veteran Latin schoolmaster.” Barry—(Historical Sketches of the Town of Hon

over)—says “he seems to have been a man of talent, well skilled in the lan

guages, especially Latin , and to have taught with good success. We considerthe town h ighly favored in securing the services of so valuable a man early inits municipal career, and under his j udicious training many were reared whoafterwards became distinguished in town and state.” Fitzgerald was a goodtype of the I rish schoolmasters who educated the youth of the country at aperiod when men of intellectual training were scarce in the American Colonies.

l l

162 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

Ware of N eedham, M ass," in N ew England Historic-Genealogical Register,

Vol. 6 .

Hugh BoydT obias Burke

John ConnerEdward ConnerT imothy ConnerJohn CochranMartin ClarkRobert CunninghamPatrick CampbellEdward CavenerM ichael ClanseyDaniel DoyleBenjamin DunphyPaul DoranJoseph DockertyPatrick DoolandM ichael Fitzpatrick

T imothy FeelyWilliam FloodHenry B erriganCornelius HagertyJames HaydenPatrick HarringtonJoseph HigginsPeter HeadyCharles HarkinsJohn KelleyDenis KelleyPatrick KelleyJoseph KennyonR ichard LynchJohn M cGuire

Barnabas M cGuire

Charles M cGuire

John MooreHenry M cAnalley

A lexander M cCarter

T homas M c I ntire

John M eCalam

John M cLin

William M cCoy

Richard M cCluer

Henry M cGowan

William M cLieu

Patrick N ewgentCharles N orrisDaniel O'

Hara

William O'Hara

James PattenEdward R oddinWilliam RutlidgeDaniel R iceT imothy R iceWilliam ShannonPatrick T racy

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164 A M ERI CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

In the year 173 6 there was published in Boston a work for theRev. Thomas Prince , a resident of that town , entitled A Chrono

logical History of N ew England in the Form of A nnals, and whileit is a highly interesting and important book, it is generally knownonly to historical students . M r. Prince was ordained in Bostonin the year 1718 , and an account of his work by the New EnglandH istoric-Genealogical Society says : No man that has everlived in New England can be said to have done more for its history than the Rev. Thomas Prince;his literary labors were constant for nearly half a century and his greatest literary work washis incomparable N ew England Chronology, which , for extremeaccuracy, was probably never exceeded by any author in anysimilar work.

”

Under A nnals of the Year 163 1 Prince relates in this book anaccount of the distress which prevailed in the Colony of Massa

chusetts Bay during the winter of 163 0—3 1 , and among otherthings he said

A s the winter came on provisions are very scarce (in the MassachusettsBay) , and people necessitated to feed on clams and mussels and ground nutsand acorns, and those were got with much difficulty in the winter season .U pon which people grow much tired and discouraged , especially when theyhear that the governor himself has his last batch of bread in the oven . And

many are the fears of the people that M r. Pierce, who was sent to I reland forprovisions, is either cast away or taken by the pirates. U pon this a day offasting and prayer to God for relief is appointed (to be on the 6th of February) .But God , who delights to appear in the greatest straits, works marvellously atthis time;for on February 5, the very day before the appointed fast, in comesthe ship Lion, M r. William Pierce, master, now arriving at N antasket ladenwith provisions. U pon which joyful occasion the day is changed and orderedto be kept (on the 22d) as a day of T hanksgiving. U pon the 8th the governorgoes aboard the Lion,

riding at Long I sland;next day the ship comes to ananchor before Boston (to the great joy of the people) , where she rides verywell, notwithstanding the great drifts of ice . And the provisions are by thegovernor distributed to the people proportionable to their necessities.

"

It seems curious that the Puritans did not call upon the mothercountry ” for the much needed provisions , and we wonder whythey selected Ireland , a country which , if we are to believe suchhistorians as Palfrey, Lodge , Fiske, Bancroft and so on, waspractically unknown to the New Englanders of the time ! But,at any rate, here we have evidence upon which we can rely, sincePrince quotes from the annals of the time that Ireland apparently

I RI SH CHARITY I N THA NKSGI VI N G HI STOR Y . 165

was the only country in the world which sent relief to the suff ering Colonists only eleven years after the landing of the Pilgrims !

In the absence of more definite knowledge of the subject, Isubmit this as the earliest record of a celebration of ThanksgivingDay in America . I have not seen this incident mentioned in thework of any other historians, and it is evident either that theyconsidered it as of no importance or that they suppressed thefacts for some ulterior purpose .

The war with King Philip , chief of the Narragansett Indians ,was bloody and devastating in the extreme . It began in 1675

and continued throughout the year 1676 . A n account of it published by the New England H istoric-Genealogical Society in1848 says

“T he Colonies suffered more in proportion to their numbers and strength

than was experienced during the Revolutionary struggle. T he war was brief,but it had its havocs and its terrors, which many historians have tried todescribe. Six hundred of the inhabitants, the greatest part of whom were thevery flower of the country, fell in battle or were murdered, very often withcircumstances of the most revolting cruelty.

“We may as well suppose that half as many more fell victims in the progress of the war. I t was a loss to her children to N ew England not inferior to

at the prw ent day T welve towns in Massachusetts, Plymouthand Rhode I sland were utterly destroyed and many more greatly injured .

Six hundred dwelling houses were burned. One man in eleven of the armsbearing population was killed and one house in eleven laid in ashes.

In these times of distress and misery the people of Ireland

promptly came to the relief of the suff erers , which event is knownin New England annals as “The Irish Donation .

” No othercountry but Ireland is recorded as having come to the rescue ofthe famished Colonists , and whether or not the fact that therewere natives of that country resident in the ravaged districtsmay have been the incentive to their humane action does notappear, but at any rate the question of nationality or religiondid not interfere with the proper distribution of the charity .

The ship Katherine, of Dublin , brought the relief. It wasdirected that it be distributed among the poor distressed by thelate war with the Indians ,

” and it was further directed that therewas to be no distinction as to religious belief all were to shareaccording to their needs . “That it be divided between the threeunited Colonies of Plymouth , Massachusetts and Connecticut insuch portions as the committee shall adjust .”

166 A M ERI CA N IRISH H I STORI CA L SOCI ET Y .

The value of the consignment is uncertain , but from the factthat the Lord Mayor of Dublin appointed three men to come toBoston to supervise the distribution of the charity and that thecost of the freight alone was the very large sum , for those days ,of four hundred and fifty pounds sterling , we may assume safelythat , with traditional I rish generosity, it was liberal in the

extreme . As a colonial historian remarks , the donation at thetime was as generous as its reception was welcome to the distressed ones in New England .

”

The Katherine sailed from Dublin on or about August 17 ,

1676 , for Boston , which was designated as the place from which

the distribution was to be made . A controversy arose betweenMassachusetts and Connecticut on account of the Irish charity .

”

The Council of Massachusetts , in a letter to Connecticut , datedJanuary 4 , 1677 ,

“ supposed the latter Colony had received itsshare . The letter stated that Massachusetts had sent ordersto the several towns of that Colony and found 660 families,consisting of persons , in distress , besides thirteen townsfrom which returns had not been received ,

” and they desired asimilar account from Connecticut and Plymouth ,

“by which ,

"

they said ,“wemay proportion what is divisible among us. Ou

February 28 , Connecticut wrote Massachusetts desiring the latterto send them “ our proportion of the Irish charity .

” The corre

spondence continued , and on May 10 Connecticut again wroteMassachusetts justifying their conduct in regard to the latewar ,

” and stating that “ a list of those in distress had been sentthat they might receive their proportion of the Irish donation .

”

Toward the close , however , they remarked : But God has givensupplies to our people;we remit to you our right in the Irish

charity .

A t a session of the General Court of Connecticut in the samemonth (May, 1677) the following act was recorded :

“Thecourt upon good reason moving them do remit their part in theIrish charity to the distressed persons in the Massachusetts andPlymouth Colonies. So it appears Connecticut received nopart of “The Irish Donation ,

” but relinquished her share to thetwo Colonies which had been much more distressed by the war.

In this manner did Ireland exhibit her familiarity with thingsAmerican and extend her sympathy to others when informed oftheir distress , one hundred years before the opening of the Revo

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168 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

T omorrow’

s fears were plentiful,T hey clouded land and sea,

T hat year in Massachusetts bayAnd the starving colony.

For starving was the harvest,When autumn reaped a blight

And winter looked to springtirm

With a blacker look than night.

Y et in the night are God’s good stars,And across the sea a star,

Distress will find the latchstring outOu I rish hearts afar.

A far the I rish hearts and handsBrought quick a valiant store,

And welcomed well good William Pierce,And filled his ship ashore.

T he good ship Lion westward sailedT o N antasket of the bay.

And a colony blessed I relandT hat first T hanksgiving day.

T hen God save I reland, say we all,God heal her woes, we pray;What fitter time to bless her callT han here T hanksgiving day ,

T han here where far-ofi echoes fallOi M assachusetts bay?

EARLY IRISH SET TLERS AT WORCESTER, MASS .

I nteresting Contributions on the Subject by W. HENRY T OWNE, City Clerkat Worcester, and by MICHAEL J O

’

BnmN .

T he following article appeared in the Worcester Sunday Telegram of N ovember 17, 1918

Records at the city hall prove that the first Irish people came toWorcester long before the American Revolution , although thegenerally accepted belief was that no Irishmen came here untilafter the Irish Revolution in 1798 .

The question when the first Irish people mme toWorcester has

been of interest to descendants of the inhabitants of the EmeraldIsle for two generations. The accepted Opinion has been heldthat there were no Irish in Worcester until about 1800. Theearl iest records do not mention men of Irish birth excepting thoseknown as Scotch-Irish , who came toWorcester with their pastor,Rev. Edward Fitzgerald , and tried to found a PresbyterianChurch on Y e Olde Poaste Roade , now Lincoln Street. Therewas tremendous ill feeling inWorcester against the very name ofIrish and , although the newcomers were of Protestant faith,theirchurch was torn down by an angry mob , and those who did notleave Worcester accepted things as they came and joined theFirst Parish of orthodox worshippers .

IRISH 111WORCESTER BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.

Recently, however, City Clerk W. Henry Towne has comeacross ancient records of the town that prove without a doubtthat there were Irish people inWorcester long before the Revolution . Not only that, but the lists of soldiers who went fromWorcester and Worcester County to join Gen . George Washington ’

s Continental Army, included many men with names decidedly Irish. One historian says that every Irishman in the province eagerly took uparms against King George .The accepted view has been that after the unsuccessful revolution in Ireland in 1798 ,when English soldiers were hanging everyIrishman they could hnd who owned a pike , a few Irishmen es

caped and came to Worcester. There were not many , although

I 69

0 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y .

there were some. Boston and New York received most of theexiles , and those who came to Worcester married here and losttheir national identity in the melting pot of the new republic.Such names as Bryant, Sherman , Prouty , Bemis and many otherswere originally Irish .

It was later argued that the first Irish who came to Worcesterimmigrated in 1824, when construction work started on theBlackstone Canal , and it is true that several hundred members ofthe

‘

ancient Celtic race did come here . In 1848 , 1849 , the famineyears , and 1850, and from then until the end of the Civil War,Irishmen flocked toWorcester literally by thousands .

A N O’

BR I EN PA I D TAXES 111 1756 .

City Clerk Towne has undeniable proof that Irishmen came toWorcester and settled here many years before the Revolution .

On page 28 of the records of Worcester town for the year 1756 ,mention ismade of Dennis O’

Brien as a taxpayer, and the name isspelled elsewhere in the record as Briant. James O’

Brien, orBriant, is given credit for paying taxes of £ 1 10s. and 1 1d . In1754 , William Mahan , taxpayer , tried to buy some waste landfrom the town , and the matter was threshed out at a town meeting, and Mahan

’s article was voted down . John M cGuire andJohn Hart were registered in Worcester many years before theRevolution , and there are many others whose names indicatethat theywere Irish .

A search of the old records for the actual first comers from Ireland will be made as all the ancient accounts are in excellent condition . City Clerk Towne prizes the old records more highlythan he would two tons of platinum at present prices . One ofthe old records shows that David M cCrahan, an Irishman , wentto war fromWorcester in 1758 , as a soldier in Worcester

's quota,and , the record closes by saying that M cCrahan never came back,as he was killed or captivated .

In connection with the foregoing the following further datahave been furnished by M r. Michael J . O

’

Brien, Historiographerof the American Irish Historical Society .

It is assuredly a step in advance , since it is so unusual in Ameri

can historical writings , to find a gentleman like M r. Townebringing to light the fact that the Irish pioneers in America were

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172 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

those who came with him from Ireland was James M cClellan , thegreat-great-great-grandfather of Gen . George B . Mcc lellan ofCivil War fame , and in local annals besides those mentioned by

M r. Towne appear such names as Mccarty, M cKonkey , Moore,Gleason and Mahony, and it is of no little interest to note thatamong the memorials of the dead in the ancient burial ground onWorcester Common the oldest stone of all was erected to thememory of an Irishman ,

“ John Young, born in the Isle of Bert,near Londonderry , in the Kingdom of Ireland . D ied June 3 0,

173 0, aged 107 .

A t Worcester we also find Rev. Thaddeus M cCarty , grand

son of Thaddeus Mccarthy, who came to Boston from Kinsale,County Cork, some time during the last quarter of the seven

teenth century and who , with his brother , Florence M cCarty , ismentioned prominently in the Town Books of Boston . Rev.

Thaddeus M cCarty was a patriot of the Revolution and was apowerful factor in molding public opinion in the right direction in

that section of New England , where so many were wavering intheir allegiance to the patriot cause .

T HE TEMPLES FROM TIPPERARY.

The vital records ofWorcester contain many old Irish names ,and among them I have found people named Daly, Fitzgerald ,

Larkin , M cCain, M cJerrald , M cT roy , Murphy, Quigley, McGuire , Mcconaughy, Kelley, Conway, Keating, Donohue, Healy,Geary, M cFadden, Mullen , Duffy , Sullivan , Lynch and Crowley,

whose births , marriages or deaths or land transactions are re

corded there as early as 173 3 and down to the year 1781 . Thesettlers of 1720 came to Boston in five ships in the year 1718 .

They were brought here by Robert Temple, of the Temple familyof Tipperary, who intermarried with the Emmets, and I am

informed by Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet that the tradition in hisas well as in the Temple fam ily is that they were chiefly from the

counties of Cork and Kerry .

Indeed , circumstantial evidence in support of that tradition isfound in the names of the immigrants, a large body of whom wentfrom Boston to the district ofMaine ,where , at the junction of theKennebec and Eastern rivers , in Lincoln County , they established

the town of Cork, which , however , was destroyed by the Indianssix years later . The names of a great number of these Irish

EARLY IRISH SET TLERS .4 1 WORCESTER . 3

immigrants which I have found in the probate and land records ofLincoln County read more like the parish registers of a town orcity in the province of Munster or Connaught than of a NewEngland town miles away from their ancestral Irish homes ,and it is an interesting fact that a bend of the Eastern River ,near which the town of Cork was located , even to this day isknown as the Cove of Cork,

” and the surrounding district formore than a century was known by the familiar name of

Ireland .

”

ROBERT FARRELL, NEW ENGLAN D COLONIZER .

The immigrants of 1718 scattered to various parts of New

England . One contingent went to Derry, N H. , where an Irish

settlement had already been established , and another went to

Bedford , N H. , which place achieved everlasting fame in Amer

ican history as the home town of the Revolutionary heroes who

held the “ rail fence ” at Bunker Hill on the memorable 17th of

June , 1775, and thus saved two battalions of Americans from

annihilation or capture. And it is a remarkable fact that all of

the officers of the Bedford company were Irishmen or sons of

Irish immigrants . One contingent, under the leadership of

Robert Farrell, went to Palmer, Mass . This Robert Farrellwas

the father of sixteen children , seven of whom were born in Ireland

and many of whose descendants appear in the vital records of the

town and some of whom are mentioned for their activity and

prominence in laying out this flourishing settlement;while the

genealogy of the fam ily shows that descendants of the Irishpioneer fought in all the wars in which their country was engaged

,

and in all probability they are represented in the terrible strug

gle in Europe now drawing to a close . The Revolutionarymuster

rolls show enlistments from this town of Dennis O’

Brient, Daniel

Riordan , William Fitzgerald , Michael Dougherty, John Mc

I lwaine, Daniel Moore, William Geary, William Roach , Timothy

Murphy, Isaiah , Isaac and Timothy Farrell and others of Irishnam es. Patrick Smith , from Ireland , is mentioned in the town

clerk’s records as “ one of the original proprietors of the town .

"

The Shaws came there from the Cove of Cork ” in 1720. They

were four brothers , all young men active in the early settlement

of the town , and are said to have been the ancestors of the

174 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

numerous Shaw families now in New England . A good-sized

volume could be written on these early Irish settlers at Palmer.

DUBLIN A N D COLRAIN , MASS .

Another portion of the Irish immigration of 1718 went toShrewsbury , Mass.;still others to Spencer, Sturbridge , Oakham ,

Marlboro , Braintree, Auburn and so on, each of these places beingonly a short distance from Worcester , and in the vital records of

these towns are to be found many Irish names. One of theseIrish colonies located at Rutland , Mass ., and it is strange that thehistorians failed to see the absurdity of the racial misnomer,Scotch-Irish , by which they described them , since the recordsshow that the pioneers gave the name of Dublin to the section ofthe town where they settled . Others of these immigrants fromthe valley of the Bann in Ireland established the present town of

Colrain , Mass.

One company, which first settled atWorcester , went to a placecalled Leicester and from this town in 1756 were enlisted for theColonial Wars soldiers named Larkin , Handy, Shaw , M cDaniel,

Gleason and Ryan , and in the Revolutionary companies from

that district were many soldiers of Irish names . Three Ryanbrothers—Anthony, John and Darby—came to Leicester fromIreland . They were sons of Sir Anthony Ryan , of Tipperary,who was the father of eleven other children , all born at Leicesterbetween 1743 and 1756 and several of whom fought in the Revolution, and the name of his son Samuel appears in the baptismalrecords of the Congregational Church at Spencer, Mass ., as thefather of thirteen children .

IRISH HAD A N HONORABLE PART 111 EVERY UPWARD AMERICANMOVEMENT .

These Worcester County settlers came from many differentparts of Ireland , and the nam es alone, to a student of Irish fam ilynomenclature , are a sufficient indication of that fact . When theRevolutionary War came on the sons of these Irish familiesexhibited the same , if not greater, eagerness to join the forcesfighting for independence as did any of the descendants of thePuritans;their blood dyed the same Revolutionary battlefields;they fought in the same trenches and for the same cause;CatholicIrishmen , Presbyterian Irishmen , Puritans and Pilgrims , all lie

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SOM E IRISH NAMES CULLED FROM THE OFFICIAL

RECORDS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BY MICHAEL J . O ’BRI EN .

The Provincial and State Papers of New Ham pshire (which arecomprised of 3 1 volumes, of about pages) , published byauthority of the Legislature , contain a great number of referencesto petitions presented to the Legislature, usually in connectionwith land grants , but in many cases relating to boundary lines;public highways; improvements; the erection and repair ofbridges and public buildings;the appointment of town officials;

election contests;the encouragem ent of manufactures;fisheries,rivers and harbors;applying for rewards or payments for publicservices rendered , and many other reasons . The names of thesigners of these petitions are given in nearly all cases and fromthe transcripts thereof contained in the published volumes of theProvincial and State Papers I have taken the following names,with the places where these people resided and the years in whichthe petitions were sent to the Legislature . The frequency withwhich Celtic names appear in these records serves as an indicationof the large numbers of Irish people who emigrated to NewHampshire during the eighteenth century , although it must besaid that these nam es alone afford no adequate idea of the extentof Irish immigration . Many people came from Ireland whose

names had become so changed or twisted that it is now almostimpossible to recognize them , ex cept where the nationality isstated , which I find to have been the case in few instances only .

PERSONS W110 SIGNED PETITIONS 10 1 111: NEW HAMPSHIRELEGISLATURE .

N antes. Where Located.

T imothy ConnelWilliam H&lyN athaniel Healy

M arch 14, 1727 William Doran N ot statedCornelius DriscoCornelius Connor

IRISH N A M ES ON RECORDS OF NEW HA M PSHI R E. 177

Dates.

I 7ZS

A ugust 18 , 173 7

June 7. 1742March 14, 1749

January 1 1 , 1748

I 749

M ay 3 . 1753

December 21 , 17571752

1758

Philip ConnorWilliam BarryJeremiah LareyT homas HartT imothy DaltonJohn QuinA ndrew M cClary

Daniel KelleyEdward KellyJerem iah Drisco]James DriscolJohn SullevantJohn FerrallJames FoyM ichael MartinDaniel HalluranJoseph WelshBenjamin WelshWilliam KennedyEdward KennedyPeterGreeleyMauris DriskellChristopher CullenJeames HearnR ichard FitzgeraldM ichael] MaddenGeorge MaddenPatrick FurlongJohn CartyJeremiah ConnorMoses ConnorSamuel ConnorDavid ConnorN ea l M cGaffey

Joseph CeilleyPatrick ManningHercules MooneyJohn M acKelloyStephen KelleyDaniel M ihaneyJoseph ConnorJohn FoyeMatthew HeleyJames KelleyEdward FitzgeraldJames LyonsJohn M cGaffey

I'Vhere Located.

Sanbornton

Rochester

Somersworth

I mmigrants whotioned for a grant of

land on MerrimackR iver in the year 1748.

N ot stated

Cochecho Parish

N ottingham

178 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

U ndated

March 13 , 1762I 769

March 29, 1770A pril 10, 1769

A pril 7. 1774

A pril 12, 1774

1768

February 22, 1775

A ugust 21 , 1775

January 19. 1774

Where Located.

Buckstreet

N ot stated

Boscawen

Bedford

Society Land

Dunstable

Londonderry

Barrington

Londonderry

N ew Boston

Camden

Plymouth

David ConnorHugh M cGinnis

James KennedyEdward F issJarrelFergus KennedyJohn M cKinney

Daniel M cKinney

Matthew PattenT homas MurdoughJohn GoffeJohn M cLaughlin

Matthew O ’

Brion

F itchGibbens

Cornelius DanolyJohn M cM urphy

Robert M cM urphy

Maurice LynchT homas M cCleary

David M cClearey

John M cCarthney

Daniel M cN eal

Joseph LearyEdward KelleyJeffrey DonoughA nthony MoranDaniel M acM urphy

Paul HayesJoseph HayesJohn CotterJohn M cDaniel

William M cDaniel

James GormanJames M cM urphy

John QuigleyMaurice LynchJohn McclearyJohn M cCalley

John O’N ail

T homas QuiglyT homas Quigly , Jr.

William QuiglyT homas M cLaughlin

James RyanWilliam N emensDaniel M cA ffee

Francis M cAuley

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180 A M ERI CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

Dates.

February 23 , 1783

June 2, 1784December 23 , 1786December 12, 1783December 12, 1783

December 1783

March 3 1 , 1784

June 1 , 1785

February 9, 1785N ovember 10, 1785February 1 , 1785

June

DecemberJune 1787

Jannary 7. 1789

N ovember 3 0, 1791February 10, 1790

December 24, 1789Jam: 4. 1709

December 23 , 1789

Where Located.

Boscawen

Gofistown

Windham

N ewmarket

Wolfborough

Salem

N ew Holdemess

Jerem iah BowinHenry MooreMoses KellyJohn CostelloeJohn CarneyJacob FlynnPatrick Londergal (Lonersan)John O'

N eill

Robert BurkeDaniel M cA lvain

James M cllvane

Robert M cllvaine

Joseph FitzgeraldJoseph O'

Shaw

T homas RoachDaniel FitzgeraldPhilip KelleyT homas HaleySamuel HaleyJames ConnorJohn LaryJoseph LaryR ichard KelleyRichard KilevDavid N evensJames M acglaughlon

T homas M acglaughlon

Daniel FitzgeraldJames HickeyRoger DuganGershon DuganClement M cCoy

Daniel LearyJoseph LareyJoseph Larey, Jr.

John CarrollWilliam CaseyJacob KelleyT homas HayesJeremiah ConnorJeremy ConnorJohn MooneyBryan SweeneyJohn SweeneyM ichael DwyerWilliam Hogan

IRISH N A M ES ON RECORDS OF N EW HA M PSHI RE. 18 1

N ames. WhereLocated.

Daniel Healy WinchesterJohn Higgons

U ndated Robart Bryen GreenlandJoseph M elune

Henry M elune

Daniell M eloon

John M eloon

U ndated Fargous Kennedy BedfordMartha M cQuaid

1797 Philip Connor MeredithJohn M cDaniel

Jonathan KelleyJune 13 , 1792 M ichael Ryan Durham

John WelchEdmund PendergastPatrick M cLaughlin

James M cLaughlin

T homas M acloughlin

David M cA llister

Joseph Kenney N orth EastStephen Kenney

June 8 , 1795 T homas Burke EatonHercules MooneyJohn Mooney

N ovember 25, 1799 John Burke Cockburn

STRAY H ISTORICAL ITEMS FROM THE GREEN

MOUNTAIN STATE.

PICKED U P BY MICHAEL J . O'BRIEN .

RUTLAND ,V1 . The Charter of Rutland was dated September

7th , 176 1 The first named grantee is John Murray , an Irishman ,the principal citizen of Rutland , Mass. , and the man , probably,that named this Town .

—(Centenm'

alHistory of R utland , Vt. , by

Chauncy K . Williams .)“The first white child born in Rutland

wasWilliam Powers .” —(from same .)DANBY, V1 . The most numerous family in Danby were theKelleys . They came from Rhode Island and were among its

first settlers. Daniel Healey, who came from Rhode Island withBenjam in Kelley, married Lucy Kelley, and removed to Cherry

Valley, N Y .

” —(Genealogical Records , in Williams’

History ofDanby, Vt.)ALBURGH , V1 .

—Captain Patrick Conroy and family are men

tioned as at Alburgh . He acted as Justice of the Peace in 1792.

The boundary lines between Vermont and Canada being in dis

pute , he was summoned before the Supreme Court at Burlingtonon May 16 , 1792, to show cause why he acted as Justice withoutauthority .

” Several pages of the records of the Governor andCouncil are devoted to Patrick Conroy .

—(Council R ecords ofVermont,Vol .

BETHEL , V1 .—A t a meeting of the Council held on June 1 1 ,

1785, it was“R esolved , That Michael Flynn of Bethel be and is

hereby appointed a Justice of the Peace for the County ofWind

sor.

"Flynn was a member of the Council later in the year 1785

and at the Convention which adopted the Constitution of theUnited States , held at Bennington on June 10, 1791 , he repre

sented Windsor County .— (Council R ecords, Vol .

ARLINGTON , V1 .—A t a meeting of the Council held on October

1 1 , 178 1 , a petition from Hugh M cCarty of Arlington was readand referred to the General Assembly. In the RevolutionaryWar records of Vermont , there is a resolution of the Council ofSafety , dated November 13 , 1781 , directing the Treasurer topay to Hugh M cCartey or bearer ten pounds , which money was

182

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184 A M ER I CA N IRISH H I STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

THETFORD , V1 .-The grave of Captain Ryley, a Revolution

ary soldier ,” may be seen at this place .

WOODSTOCK , VT .— The most numerous fam ily mentioned in

local history was that of the Powers . Henry Swan Dana , in hisHistory of Woodstock, Vt. , says of them :

“Thomas and WalterPower, brothers , were born inWaterford , Ireland . They came tothis country somewhere near 1680. They added an “ s to theirname . The grandson of one of the brothers , Dr . Stephen Powers ,was born at Old Hardwick, Mass . , in 173 5. His father was afarmer , but he decided to study for the profession and while thus

engaged taught schoo l for a livelihood . He set up as adoctor at Middleborough ,Mass . When the new state ofVermontbegan to be talked about, he removed from Massachusetts (in theyear and settled at what is now Woodstock ,

” where hepurchased several tracts of land . He did not join any militarycompany during the Revolutionary War , but, it is said , that“when he heard the guns roaring at Bunker H ill he was present

on the battlefield while the engagement was going on and assistedin dressing the wounds of the wounded patriots .

” Dr . StephenPowers’ son , John D . Powers , was also a physician , as was JohnD .

’

s son , Dr . Thomas E. Powers . They were , in fact , a famousfamily of physicians and even to the present day there are physi

cians named Powers in Vermont and New Hampshire , descendants of the pioneers from County Waterford .

MOUNT HOLLY , V1 .

— A family named Crowley were earlysettlers at this place . Rev. Harvey Crowley , born at MountHolly in 1805, taught school in Vermont with great success for

many years . He is described as “ a man of much ability andlearning, who studied theology and joined the Baptist Church .

— (Williams’

History of the T own of Danby .)CHARLOTTE , V1 .

— General John M cN eil of Charlotte was oneof the first settlers of Tinmouth , where he resided in 1777 . He

was the first town clerk of Charlotte in 1787 ;its first representative , in 1788;Judge of Probate of Chittenden County, 1787—1789 ,and County Judge for five years . Hewas a delegate to the Convention of 1791 which adopted the Constitution of the UnitedStates . M cN eil

’

s Ferry , between Charlotte and Essex, N Y . ,

perpetuates his name . - (R ecords of the Governor and Council ofVermont,Vol .PITTSFORD , V1 . Jerem iah Powers from Ireland came very

STRA Y HISTORICAL I TEM S. 185

early to Pittsford (date unknown) He settled first atGreenwich ,Mass . ,where his son , Jeremiah , was born in 173 5. H is grandson ,

Jeremiah Powers , was also born at Greenwich . A t the age of 16

he enlisted in the Revolutionary army and served during part ofthe war , after which he was employed as a surveyor in Vermont.

”

Peter Powers , no relative of Jeremiah , is also mentioned at Pittsford . He was captain of a company of men from Hollis , N . H

who served at the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point in1755

— (History of P ittsford , by Dr . A . M . Caverly .)

ITEMS EXTRACT ED FROM 1 111: RECORDS 011 1 111: COUNCIL OF

SAF ETY A N D GOVERNOR A N D COUNCIL 011 THE STATE OF

VERMONT .

”

A n Act empowering into and approving of a Sale of a Part ofthe real Estate of Simeon Burke , deceased , passed the House on

October 23 rd , 1783 .- (Vol . 3 , p.

The “Memorial of John Jay and others to the New York

Legislature ,“in favour of Vermont ,

” dated February 23 , 1789 ,was signed by Daniel M cCorm ick, John Kelly , Daniel Nevin ,

Hurcules Mulligan and Hugh Gaine , al l citizens of New York .

(V01. 3 , p. M cCorm ickwas the first president of the Societyof the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick;Kelly was a noted NewYork lawyer and is on record as receiving a grant of acresof land in Chittenden County , Vermont , for which he paid £903 ,according to a receipt of the state treasurer , dated October 22,

179 1 ;Mulligan was a New York merchant , the personal friend ofGeneral GeorgeWashington and Alexander Hamilton ;Gaine wasthe Belfastman who founded the N ew York M ercury in 1752.

John Burke ismentioned as captain of a company in the FrenchWar in 1757 , and Jesse Burke was sheriff of Cumberland Countyin 1775. He was a captain in the Revolutionary army.

James M cCorm ick was a member of the Vermont GeneralAssembly in 1777 , Michael Flynn in 1796 , and John Crowley in1806 .

Among the petitions read in the Vermont General Assembly, Ifind the following

From Hugh M cCarty on October 1 1 , 178 1From Simon Farrell on October 18 , 1783From Daniel Burke on October 16 , 1787From A ndrew M cGafiey on October 15, 1798

186 A M ER I CA N I R I SH H I STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

From Simeon R iley on October 15, 1801From James Conner on October 22, 1804From David M cCoy and John Cummings on October 17, 1806From John M cM urphy on October 21 , 1808From John Barry on October 19, 18 10From James Murphy on October 18, 18 10From Daniel M cCrillis on October 25, 1813From T homas Mooney on October 18, 18 19From Charles Sweeney on October 16 , 1821

A n Act empowering the executors of Daniel Ryan to sell certain lands , passed the House on November 2, 18 14 .

In the Council Records— (Vol. 6 , p. 51 3 )— there is an accountof “ the terrific night battle at Fort Eric on August 1sth ,

In this battle Lieutenant Patrick M acDonough of the Americanartillery killed a number of the British with a handspike and afterbeing severely wounded , was killed by the British Lieutenant

Colonel Drummond . There is also an account of the fight in theN orthern Sentinel of Vermont of August 26 , 18 14 .

In the Council Records— (Vol . 1 , p. 27 1)— there is a record ofa very prominent Vermonter of the eighteenth century, namedCrean Brush . He was born in Dublin , Ireland , about 1725;waseducated for the bar , but held a military ofii ce previous to comingto America . He located in New York City in 1762, where hemarried Margaret M ontezuman, who was the mother of thesecond wife of Ethan Allen . He was licensed as an attorney in1764 and is supposed to have been associated in his professionwith John Kelly. In 177 1 , he removed toWestminster, Vt. , andin February, 1772, was appointed clerk of Cumberland Countyand surrogate in April , 1772. He acquired many thousand acresof land in Vermont through New York grants and was a memberof the Colonial Assembly from January 5, 1773 , to April 5, 1775,when it dissolved . In this body “

he proved himself to be anable , eloquent and influentialmember .

”

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188 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y

R ichard Little , age26 , born in I reland , occupation Schoolmaster.

James Murphy, age 21 , born in I reland , occupation Schoolmaster.

A rthur Simpson , born in I reland, occupation Schoolmaster.

”

John Bryan , age 20, born in I reland, occupation Schoolmaster.

The first mention of an Irish name on the registers of HolyTrinity Church is that of the baptism , on April 18 , 17 14, ofRichard Whelan , son of Darby Whelan and his wife , Susa .

”

It is probable they were the only Irish family in the parish at thattime , for I note that the sponsors at the christening were Jacobus Van de Ver, Mathias Skagan , Olive T owassa

’

s widow , Gertrude , and Peter Mayer

’s wife Sarah .

” Under date of January

7 , 17 19 , appears an entry of the marriage of Edward Brennen andMary Butcher, and in a later record of the baptism of theirdaughter, Annika , the name is spelled Brannin . It is probablethat comparatively few Irish settlers located in this section prior

to 1740, or thereabouts , as it is not until after that period thatIrish names begin to appear on the records in any appreciablenumbers .Betw een 1745 and 1775 they were an important and aggressiveelement in the community , and from the Delaware Archives

” I

have extracted a surprisingly large number of Irish names whichappear in the muster rolls of the soldiers raised in New CastleCounty for the Indian , French and Revolutionary wars . Insome of the company rosters the name , age , nativity and occupation of each soldier are given , and I find from the

“Muster Rollof the Company of Foot commanded by Captain John Shannon ,

which was organized in New Castle County in September , 1746 ,

that , of the full complement of 100men , 51 are down as born inIreland !” In a “ Return of a Full Company Enlisted for theCam paign in the Lower Counties by Captain M cClughan , deliveredWednesday the 17th May , 1758 , the total number of menis 98 , of whom 43 are recorded as

“ born in Ireland ,” and of Cap

tain James Armstrong’s Company of 53 men , 27 were natives of

Ireland . If we add to these figures the men with Irish names ,who were born in America and evidently the sons of Irish immigrants , the proportion of Irish in these three companies would be60 per cent ! The complete rosters of these and other militarycompanies raised in this vicinity for the defence of the colonists

will make a highly interesting item for the JOURNA L , and will

appear in a later issue . No better proof than this can be adduced

IRISH P I ON EERS I N DELAWA RE . 189

in support of the assertion that the Irish settled in the AmericanColonies many years before the Revolution , and that they werenot the type of Irish whom the historians are so fond of calling“ Scotch-Irish ,

” in their feeble attempts to deprive Ireland of thecredit of having furnished such settlers to the Colonies .

M u m css PERFORM ED A T How T RI NITY CHU RCH, WILM INGTON, DEL.

1719 , January 7 , Edward Brennen and Mary Butcher1727, June 1 , Edward Haley and Anna Cloud173 1 , A pril 15, Daniel M oloughny and Margaret Starret173 1 , M ay 3 0, T homas N eal and Susanna Quin173 4, A pril 23 , William Gavin and Briget Canady173 4, December 21 , James Bryan and Mary M cDaniel

173 5, March 25, James M acgrau and Mary Dix173 5, July 15, James M ackmullen and Mary M ackloud

173 5, A ugust 10, Denis M ackginley and Elsa M ackkarty

173 6 , A pril 16 , William Brown and Martha Dunn173 6 , A ugust 3 1 , Johannas Springer and Mary Dempsey173 7 , M ay 8 , Francis O

’

N ayle and A nna Walker173 7 , December 1 1 , M ichael Higgins and Frances Hendrickson173 8 , January 17 , John M ahafey and Jane Frey173 8, A ugust 28 , Bryan M acginnie and Sarah Jones173 8 , October 12, Bryan Cullen and Sarah Kelly173 8 , N ovember 23 , M ichael Farlow and Mary White173 9, February 12, James N eally and Sarah M acM ullin

173 9 , M ay 14, John I sac and Eleanor Connelly173 9 , October 14, Hugh Kirgian and Catharine O’

N ail

1740, A pril 21 , A rthur Donnelly and Mary Macdade1740, December 26 , Christopher Flinn and Rebecca Hossey1741 , M ay 20, Myles Sweeney and Eleanor Campbell1741 , M ay 26 , John Murphy and Catherine Spruce1744 ,

John Reese and Marget M cLaly

1744 , Patrick Monaghan and Sara,

Crafiord

1744, Edward M illigan and Mary Savage1744, N ail M cGraney and A nn Docherty1744 , Edward Carrell and Susanna Barker1744 ,

Robert M cCarthy and Elizabeth Plate1744 , Cornelius Obragan and Mary Crockert1744, T homas Cohens and Mary Cragan1744 , Patrick Oreton and Rachel Reese1745, February 28 , David Kelly and A nn Royley1745, M ay 6 , Hugh Carrell and Mary Fips1745, September Patrick C lason and Cicily Graves1745, September John Steen and Jane M cCoy

1745, October John Moore and Elizabeth M cCarty1745, N ovember William Quighty and Jane Clansy1745, N ovember Martin M ac Gra and Judith Cory

190 A M ER I CA N IRISH H I STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y

1745, December Edward Duckerty and Elizabeth Carrel1746 , January William Grifl‘y and Cathari na Murphey1746 , February Cornelius Clark and Jane Conry1746 , February Samuel Hayes and Elizabeth Hearney1746 , February John Bodley and Ann F itchgirl1746 , March Patrick Moore and Mary Brown1746 , M ay Cornelius M cOllern and Christina Supingam1746 , October Cornelius M cSweany and Ellinor Birk1746 , October John Sheals and Margaret Sarr1746 , October Dennis Sallovain and Mary Leat1746 , N ovember James Bredin and Susannah Mullin1746 , December James Donn and Jean Farrell1747 , February William Smith and A nn M cClare

1747, February Hugh M cConnel and Elizabeth White1747 , M ay John M cG innis and Martha More1747 , M ay T homas F lannegan and Mary Scoggen1747, July T imothy Morphy and A nn A nderson1747 , A ugust N iclas Fling and Sara Bettel1747 , A ugust Patrick Cafiord and Magdalen Dame1747, N ovember Francis M cFall and Sara M cGarvi

1747 , December James B onally and Mary Morrow1748 , March T imothy Conners and Catharine Hays1748 , M ay Robert M cGarrout and A gnes Kelly1748, M ay John T inn and Mary M cGee

1748, June Patrick Burns and Rose I ngilsby1748 , July John Kelly and Sarah Welldon

1748, July John Mahan and Ellinor Gaby1748, July William Farniss and Mary Dowling1748 , October Hugh Laughlin and Mary Evans1749, N ovember 3 0, William Glinn and Mary T ool1749 , December 26 , T homas Corcoran and Prudence Foresides1750, January 1 , A ndrew Beard and Elizabeth Connelly1750, March 24, Matthew M cLaughlin and A nn Han

1750, A pril 10, Cornelius Hart and Margaret T uker1750, June 14, Patrick Coyle and Jane Forquar1750, October 1 , William Odivans and Mary Egen1750, October 8 , James Rowan and Cathrine M cGennis

1750, October 22, David Dalton and Joanna M cCloskey

1750, December 5, Patrick Mullen and Mary Perkins1750, December 27, Daniel Gashay and A nn Moore1751 , January 1 , James Killen and A nn Duard1751 , March 1 1 , Cain M cKinni and Mary B iery1751 , March 26 , James M cGarvey and Leane Pettecrow

1751 , A pril 8 , Harry M cCloski and Margaret Monagle1751 , A pril 9 , Phillip M cGowen and Mary Preston1751 , A pril 17 , T homas M cDonald and Mary M cCorday

1751 , M ay 4, Charles Cartay and Elizabeth Porter1751 , M ay 13 , Patrick Fitch Patrick and Mary Patterson

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192 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y

1756 , A ugust 22, T homas Shannan and Johanna Carey1756 , October 16 , William Crowley and Johanna R unnels1756 , October 18 , James M cBoyd and Elizabeth Buckley1756 , December 9 , Patrick Dufiee and Christian Barthelson1757 , February 1 , Peter Murphy and Margreta O ’

N eil

1757 , February 22, Edward Maghan and Margreta Welch1757 , March 17 , James Doudle and Martha M cCall

1757 , March 29 , Daniel Ragin and Mary Strong1757 , March 29, John M cN amee and Martha Lea1757 , July 26 , John Bayly and Elsa Voghan1757, September 15, Dennis M cKoy and Mary Davis1757, September 15, Samuel M cM ullon and A gnes Mcvan1757 , N ovember 5, John M cCormack and Sara Hughs1757 , N ovember 23 , William Murphy and Jane Morrison1757 , N ovember 23 , Patrick M cGlain and Elizabeth Lingin1757 , December 3 , Solomon Springer and Margreta Kelly1757 , October 12, Lorance M cM anie and Catharina M cCassily

1758 , February 13 , Joseph Perkins and A nne Dougherty1758, A pril 25, John M cEasie and Bridget M cLean

1758 , M ay 15, James Duggan and Cathrina Elliott1758, July 8 , T imothy Conley and Anna G ibson1758 , A ugust 23 , Philip M cLaughlin and Cathrine O ’

N eal

1758 , N ovember 26 , Roger M cGally and Jane R imson1758 , December 5, John O

’

Freel and Margret Farmer1759 , July 3 , Francis M cM ullon and Margret Gallohur1759, A ugust 3 , Patrick Kelly and A nne Hide1759, A ugust 5, Peter Gallorhon and Flora Hamel1759 , September 16 , Barney M iles and Martha Moore1759, N ovember 5, Christopher Baril and Cathrine Farril1760,

March 6 , Lawrence Flinn and Elizabeth Gordon1760,

March 29 , Peter Gallohar and Mary Halom1760,

A ugust 18 , Cornelius M cDonald and Cherry Dely1760, October 10, Joseph Cloud and M argrite Brady1760, N ovember 24, George Donavan and Elizabeth R eese176 1 , January 21 , John Scarlet and Mary O ’

N eal

176 1 , June 20, John Ward and Elizabeth M cM aghan

1762, February 9 , N athan Heald and Rebecca M cBride

1762, February 24, John Fitz Jarel and Mary Hews1762, March 17 , James M eleehan and Mary T aylor1762, A ugust 7 , John M cGuier and Jane Bates1762, September 13 , Robert M cDonnal and Eleonore Powel1762, N ovember 1 1 , William Shay and Mary Latimore1762, N ovember 25, Cornelius Hines and Elizabeth Paterson1762, December 22, A dam Ekman and Mary Ryan1763 , March 1 1 , Peter G lancy and Jane King1763 , February 18, William Beats and Hannah M cCafl‘orty

1763 , M ay 9, Roland Burke and Hannah Carter1763 , July 2, Jacob Brinton and Cathrine M cCoy

IRISH PI ONEERS I N DELAWA RE. 193

1763 , July 13 , Martin Doyle and Rose Brogan1763 , July 3 , John Karran and Hannah M iller1763 , A ugust 29, WalterWelsh and Mary Rely1763 , N ovember 20, Patrick M cCloskey and Elizabeth Oversiller1763 , N ovember 21 , Patrick Brady and Mary Gore1763 , December 10, A braham Flaharty and Rachel Ferris1764, February 2, John Grow and Anne Danelly1764, February 3 , William Reath and Susannah Doyle1764, March 13 , Joseph Scott and Margaret Coughlan1764, A pril 4, William Dennon and Elizabeth Hely1764, A ugust 7, James Moore and Mary Canely1764, A ugust 10, John Corkran and Mary Carr1764, December 29 , John Shee and Catherine Lawrence1765, March 20, John Welch and Elinor Kildennin1765, July 7 , John M cCaflerty and Mary Prioer1765, October 1 1 , T homas M ahafley and Elizabeth Linsay1765, December 24, A ndrew Johnson and Mary Conelly1766 , February 26 , Walter Sweeney and Susan Stewart1766 , A pril 7 , Edmund Dougherty and

1766 , M ay 7 , Cornelius T ruax and Elizabeth T obin1766 , December 22, T homas Shannahan and Rebecca Wallace1767 , December 28 , Joseph Mooney and Elizabeth T aylor1768 , February 9 , Jacob M urfy and Elizabeth Welch1768 , June 13 , Edward M cCarty and Susannah Stedham1768 , A ugust 14, Hugh Ferrill and Sarah Grime1768 , September 21 , William Conner and Helena Lohnohill1768 , October 13 , Owen Donnelly and Sarah A ndrewood1768 , October 13 , John Shay and Jean M anelly

1768, N ovember 4, William T alley and Judith Fitzsimmons1768 , December 3 0, T obias Peterson and Mary Mccarty1769 , January 28 , Cornelius M cCashey and Cathrine Fisher1769 , March 21 , John Stalkop and Cathrine Fitzgerald1769 , M ay 9, John Gackhagen (Geoghegan) and Cathrine Bryan1769 , October 2, Matthew Doile and Cathrine Grimes1769 , October 12, T homas Kane and Elizabeth Elliott1769 , October 28 , William Hatton and Mary Quinn1769 , N ovember 3 , John Frederick and Jean Maguire1770, January 10, David Jenkins and Hannah O’

Donel

1770, A pril 16 , John Henley and Martha M cKeever

1770, June 5, Brian Daily and Mary Murphy1770, June 17 , Jeremia F lemon and A nn Burns1770, A ugust 8 , Dennis M cGee and Susannah Roberson1770, October 5, Evan Evans and Hannah Sullivan1770, N ovember 3 0, Robert Ryan and Mary Wilson1770, December 18, William Login and Jane Way

177 1 , January 2, Lawrence Woods and Mary Kelly177 1 , January 17 , John M cKellway and Jane M cBride

177 1 , March 26 , N athaniel Maguire and Sara Collins

194 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

1771 , March 27 , John Flinn and Jeane Parker177 1 , June 3 0, Edmund Dougherty and Leady Pyle177 1 , September 3 , A rchibald M cM urphy and Julianna R icketts177 1 , September 28, Christopher Gowing and A nn Murphy177 1 , October 5, William Keeren and R ebecca Owen1772, February 27 , Charles M cGonnigale and Elizabeth Lyle1772, March 3 0, Daniel Dealy and Elizabeth Pitman1772, M ay 1 1 , James Murphey and A nn Zebley1772, September 1 , James M cCallah and Hannah Evey1772, N ovember 5, John Dealy and Jean Gray1772, N ovember 12, N athaniel Wilkinson and Elinor Dunihoo1772, N ovember 18 , John M cCarter and Margaret T hompson1773 , February 4, John White and Elinor Karney1773 , February 4, M ichael M cCrea and Mary Sullivan1773 , March 3 , John Maguire and Margaret Shute1773 , June 9 , Henry Gubbin and Christiana B ugen1773 , June 18 , Daniel Kenney and Mary A lford1773 , A ugust 10, James Sim and Margaret Calahan1773 , September 2, James M cKean and A nne Wilson1773 , December 15, T homas T reacey and Sarah Coplind1774, January 6 , James Dougherty and Livina Lawrence1774, January 3 1 , William Craig and Margaret Holahan1774, February 14, M ichael Higgins and Cathrine M enzener

1774, March 26 , William Martin and Jean Mccarty1774, June 3 , John Gold and Catherine M cBride

1774, June 16 , John Gritsie and Hannah Daly1774, July 19, William Moore and Margaret M cLouin

1774, July 3 1 , Charles Bewgles and Margaret Byrnes1774, October 24, I saac Ryan and Hannah T ownsend1774, A pril 13 , John M cLaughlin and Jean Dunlap1775, October 24, John Cars and Mary Mahane1775, December 4, John Branan and Margaret Pingleton1775, December 6 , William Hanby and Elizabeth Konelly1776 , January 13 , John Spenees and Mary Holahan1776 , A pril 6 , James M cKeever and Susannah M cCaflerty

1776 , A ugust 4, James Murphy and Mary Jackson1776 , September 9 , John Cashedy and Mary Myers1776 , N ovember 28 , Peter Blankchaor and Martha M cCann

1777 , February 23 , William R eagens and Margret Dougherty1777 , March 12, William Husbands and Margret M egarrough

1777, March 3 1 , John M cKaghnen and Hannah Moore1777 , M ay 14, Mathew M cConnell and Margret Williams1777 , M ay 19, John R obinson and A lise M cDermott

1777 , June 27 , John T olan and Mary Laferty1778, January 19, Patrick Burk and Susannah Fielding1778 , A pril 2, William M cKee and Elizabeth M iles1778 , M ay 4, Joseph Burk and Eleanore M cGinn

1778 , M ay 12, Lawrence Conely and R ebecca A lmond

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196 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

1795, June 25, Henry Barry and Elizabeth R ice1795, October 16 , James M cM ullin and Cathrine Bryans1795, December 3 1 , Patrick M cN eil and Elizabeth Jeflries1796 , February 4, Francis ODaniel and I sabella French1797, January 7, Patrick N ugent and Elianor N ugent1797, October 12, James M cConnal and Mary Harp1797 , N ovember 1 , Daniel M cDaniel and Susanna Loone1797, N ovember 1 , A dam A yres and Sarah Larkin1797 , N ovember 1 , John Gallaher and Margaret Hedrick1797 , N ovember 10, James Jack and Margaret M cLarney

1797 , December 9, Daniel Dingee and Mary Mooney

BAPTISM S PERFORM ED A T HOLY T RINITY CHURCH, Wn.m 1101o11, DEL.

1714, A pril 18 , R ichard, son of Darby and Susa Whelan17 19 , M ay 15, A nnika, daughter of Edward and Mary Branin1722, A pril 28 , Jane, daughter of R ichard and Esther M cCarey

1722, July 8 , Mary, daughter of James and Eleonora Haley173 0, June 14, Susannah , daughter of Patrick and Elizabeth Done173 1 , January 16 , child of John and Margaret Fitzsimmon173 2, A pril 23 , Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth Fitzsimmons173 6 , March 14, Maria, daughter of John and Helena Degnen1749, February 12, Anne, daughter of James and Lady M cGennis

1750,M ay 25, William, son of Philip and Margaret M cBraid

1750, July 16 , Jane, daughter of James and R ose (M cLaughlin) Brochon1750, December 16 , James, son of James and Mary Conolly1752, A ugust 19, Peter, son of James and Lady M cGinnis

1752, March 7, Rebecca, daughter of James and Catherine M cDonald

1752, M ay 26 , A nne, daughter of Cornelius and Rachel M cWeyer (M cGuire)1752, February 25, Mary, daughter of Daniel and Mary Kain1752, February 2, Elenor, daughter of M ichael and Else Meloy1752, A ugust 21 , Mary, daughter of John and Jane M cKenny

1752, A pril 1 , Mary, daughter of R obert and Elizabeth Dougherty1752, N ovember 7 , William, son of John and Elizabeth Kary1752, December 23 , A nna, daughter of James and Lady M cGennis

1752, February 12, Sarah , daughter of John and Bridget Collins1753 , June 3 0, Ezechiel , son of John and Elizabeth M cKary1753 , March 17 , William, son of Garret and Elizabeth Dougherty1753 , M ay 23 , Elizabeth , daughter of George and Elizabeth Connel1753 , March 9, Else, daughter of A dam and Margaret Kelley1754, A pril 8 , Jane, daughter of N iclas and Sarah Fling1755, January 8 , N ail, son of N ail and Jane Mccarty1755, M ay 2, James, son of James and Lady M cGinnis

1755, A ugust 26 , Mary, daughter of John and Elizabeth Carney1755, A pril 8 , James, son of Daniel and A nne Carney1756 , June 9, A nne, daughter of James and Margaret Maley1759, December 1 1 , Hugh, son of A rthur and Maria Murphey1760, September 19, William, son of James and Maria M cKeaver

1760, A ugust 10, Sarah, daughter of R ichard and Elizabeth M cM anneman

IRISH P I ON EERS I N DELAWA RE.

176 1 , N ovember 4, Eleonora, daughter of Edward and Biggita M cBride

1762, June 3 0, John, son of Daniel and Margaret Kildee1762, June 16 , Susannah, daughter of Richard and Eliz. M cM anaman

1764, January 10, Mary, daughter of James and Catherine Cavenau1765, February 5, Cathrine , daughter of Patrick and Eliz. Mccloskey1767, October 1 1 , I saac, son of T homas and Cathrine Quinn1768 , January 15, Mary, daughter of Patrick and Eliz . M cCloskey

1768 , A pril 3 0, Helena, daughter of John and Jeane Shay177 1 , January 2, T homas, son of John and Jeane Quinn177 1 , July 1 3 , Mary, daughter of T homas and Elizabeth Kane1772, March 20, James, son of Bryan and Mary Dailey1773 , September 19 , John , son of T homas and Cathrine Quin1775, February 5, William, son of Brian and Mary Daily1777 , January 10, John , son of William and Margret R eagen1777 , October 12, Margret , daughter of Charles and Eloner M cLaughlin

1777, December 15, Elizabeth , daughter of Patrick and Jane Mooney1777 , December 15, Mary, daughter of Patrick and Jane Mooney1778 , February 7 , Elizabeth , daughter of A rthur and Johannah Dempsey1778, N ovember 3 0, I sabella, daughter of James and Elizabeth Murphy1778, June 20, John , son of Konolly1779, December 23 , James, son of William and Jane Flanagan1780, A ugust 6 , William, son of William and Esther Kiley178 1 , September 17 , John , son of James and Elizabeth Murphy1782, A pril 9, child of N ail Dougherty1782, February 1 1 , James, son of William and Ester Kelley1782, N ovember 10, John , son of John and Hannah Flinn1783 , January 3 1 , T homas, son of John and Hannah Flinn1783 , October 23 , Henry, son of John and Mary N owlin1784, N ovember 23 , Mary, daughter of Felix and Margaret Hanlon1784, June 12, Elizabeth , daughter of John and Margaret M cGlaughlin

1785, February 1 1 , Peter, son of John and A nne Flinn1792, N ovember 17 , John , son of Francis and Lafl‘erty

1793 , October 18 , A nn,daughter of John and Cathrine Dufl‘y

1793 , October 23 , Hugh , son of Edward and Sarah M cGonagill

1794, February 20, Marian, daughter of George and Mary Dunn1795, February 12, James , son of John and A nn Gordon , I rish people1795, March 1 1 , Sarah , daughter of John and Margaret Welsh1796 , July 21 , Martin , son of Martin and Mary Connor1796 , September 27 , John , son of John and Hannah Fling1797, July 22,

William, son of Robert and Mary Lennon1798 , January 1 , Sarah, daughter of John and I sabel M cGloghlin

1799 , February 10, James, son of T homas and I sabel M cCloskey

97

IRISH PIONEERS AND SCHOOLMASTERS IN BUTLER

COUNTY , PENNSYLVAN IA .

BY MICHAEL J . O’BRIEN .

Butler County took its name from the distinguished MajorGeneral , Richard Butler, a native of Dublin , Ireland , who commanded a brigade of Pennsylvania troops in the War of theRevolution . Four of General Butler’s brothers served as officersin the Revolutionary army . Three of them were born in Kilkenny and one in Pennsylvania . A great array of Irish namesappears on the early records of this county . The nam es herementioned by no means embrace the full numerical strength ofearly I rish immigration to this region , since I have ex tracted onlysuch names as appear in the “ survey lists ,

” “ lists of taxables ,freemen ,

” etc . , of the various places where Irish schoolmasterswere located . Immigrants , principally Irish and German , beganto come into what is now Butler County during the period of theRevolution and for many years afterwards the Irish continuedto pour into th is region in such numbers that about the beginningof the nineteenth century , some of the V illages and settlements ofButler County were among the most populous rural communities

in the state.As in some other sections of Pennsylvania , during the first

decade of their settlement but few teachers are located . Thepioneer families could give little attention to education , for in the

early stages of the settlements material wants took precedenceover everything else . Not that they were unmindful of thedesirability of furnishing educational opportunities to theirchildren . They yielded simply to necessity in at first subordi

nating the cultivation of the mind to the taming of the soil , but ,as soon as a fair start had been made and white settlements hadbegun to appear, scattered through the primeval forest , theyusually installed a schoolm aster, who thenceforth became a man

of influence in every community .

In a chapter on Education” during the early years of the

last century, in M cKee’

s History of B utler County, the author

says : Some among the early teachers , especially the Scotch

198

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200 A M ER I CA N IRISH H I STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

was James Denny, who came from County Donegal in 1793 ,

locating in Clearfield Township on a tract of 400 acres . Hiswife was Mary O’

Donnell, also a native of Donegal . They had alarge family and their descendants still live on the original lands.

“ John Kennedy, an Irishman , and a well-known schoolmasterin the early days , emigrated from Virginia to this county and wasamong the first settlers . He was wounded in the RevolutionaryWar. H is son , James , was in the War of 18 12 and four of hisdescendants were in the late (Civil) war. Kennedy taughtschool at Hannahstown as late as 1806 . His scholarship was farabove the attainments of most of the early teachers . He was afine penman , was a very mild-mannered teacher for those daysand was very popular ” John Sweeney was also anearly teacher at Hannahstown .

The earliest of the pioneers in Clearfield Township , or theterritory recognized as such since its organization in 1804 , werealmost entirely of Irish extraction and they came to this sectionas home-seekers , an entirely different class from the wanderingand temporary residents . The early names include those of theM cBrides, Connells , O

’

Donnells, Slators, Milligans , Coyles ,Dugans , Dennys , M cG inleys, Gallaghers , M cCues, M cLaughlins

and others . The pioneer of them all was Patrick M cBride fromCounty Donegal , Ireland , who built his cabin and owned 400acres of land there in 1798 and lived until 1848 . County Donegalcontributed a number of other pioneers , and some of these , afterentering land , carried on the trades which they had learned intheir native country ” The first school in the township was erected in 1807 on Andrew Dugan

’s farm . The firstteacher was John Smith ,

“ all of whose pupils ,” we are told ,

“were Irish without exception .

”M cKee adds : Other

teachers who taught at various times up to the period of theorganization of the public schools were M ichael Herron , FrancisM cBride, Daniel M cLaughlin , Manassas Boyle , James Denny

and Master Brandon ,” while , among the first teachers of the

public schools of the township” were Neal M cBride, William

Dougherty and Peter Fennell.In the neighboring township of Donegal , Patrick M cElroy ,

Charles Duffy, John Gillespie and Moses Hanlon settled in theyear 1797 , as well as others named Haggerty , Maloney , Breaden ,Hunter, M cFadden and O

’

Donnell, the majority from County

I R I SH PI ON EERS I N PEN N SYLVA N I A . 201

Donegal . Not only were those I have mentioned the earliestsettlers , but , in everything pertaining to the civilization and im

provement of this section they seem to have accepted all theresponsibility . They subdued the wilderness , built comfortablehomes , established mills and made roads and there is everyevidence to show that they early concerned themselves about theeducation of their children and supplying them with religiousinfluences. Nearly all were Roman Catholics and I find a reference to “ a Catholic school conducted for some time in theirinterest ” in Oakland Township , to where Dennis , Arthur andCornelius O’

Donnell, the Dugans , M cGinleys and others removedfrom Clearfield . John O’

Donnell seems to be the only teacher ofthis school on record .

In Venango Township , Michael Kelly, Hugh Murrin , John

Logue , Robert Cochran and James and John Shields took uplands in the year 1796 .

“The first school-teacher was RobertCunningham , who taught in 1802. He was an Irishman , as werethe early teachers generally, a fine scholar and very strict in discipline

”

He taught for several terms in a log hutnear the present town of Eau Claire . “

A n Irishman namedWelsh ,who taught with so much of a brogue that he could scarcelybe understood , was among the early teachers of Venango Township ” Prior to 18 12, Hugh and John Murrin wereteachers in Venango .

The first of the pioneers in Franklin Township were John

M cCandless and Aaron Moore , who came there in 1796 , followed

by the brothers James , George , William and Garrett Moore ,John M cGrew , William M cCandless, Charles Sullivan and

others . M cKee says “A number of these early settlers were

natives of Ireland .

” They were not unmindful of their duties

in regard to educating their children , for seven years after their

arrival , John Thompson fitted up a log cabin and conducted a

subscription school for a term and was then succeeded by Charles

Sullivan ,

” who seems to have conducted the school until 1807 .

According to a genealogical record preserved by the Sullivan

family , the schoolmaster was a grandson of Peter O’

Sullivan who

emigrated to Northumberland ,Va . , about the year 1700. Charles

Sullivan , the schoolmaster, was born in Virg inia in 1760 and

served under Washington at Valley Forge .” H is son , Charles

202 A M ER I CA N I RI SH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

C . Sullivan , was one of the most prominent figures in public lifein Butler County and a lawyer of high reputation .

“One of the first pioneers to venture into Clinton Townshipwas Patrick Harvey of County Down , Ireland , who selected atract of land as early as 1792. The only other settler at that timewas John M cKee. Robert M cGinnis came in 1796 . The Revolutionary soldiers were well represented in the years followingand the majority of these early settlers were of Irish extraction”

(M cKee) . In 1800 came James Byrne , a Revolutionary veteran ,

his brother, Edward Byrne , and Daniel Lardin , the founder of thevillage of Lardintown .

“The matter of educating the childrenof the township was early agitated and houses were utilized atfirst on the farms of the Riddle and Davis families . Among theearly instructorsmay be noted the familiar names of Cunningham,

Herron , Jack , Love , M cCorkle and M cGarry .

”

The first settler in Marion Township was probably SamuelM cM urray from County Down , who reached this section withhis wife in 1798 . Hugh Gilmore and John Walsh came there in1803 . One of its first schools was taught by David Cunninghamand among his immediate successors was John Walsh .

M cKee says “The first actual settlement in Buffalo Township was made in 1795 by a man of Irish birth , George Bell , afterwhom a hill and creek were named . He was followed in thesame year by Robert Elliott , also a native of Ireland , who in1796 brought out his wife and a large family.

” Among the“first teachers ” were Michael Herron and Robert Cunningham ,

son of John Cunningham , a native of Ireland , who first settledat Greencastle , Pa. He is mentioned as “ one of the earliestschool-teachers of the county .

”A school was erected on the

Elliott farm at the expense of Robert Elliott. We are told itwas a slight improvement over the old log structures which thescholars of this township had previously attended . Here RobertHamilton , an Irishman , and a Yankee named Jones were earlyteachers . Hamilton was considered a good teacher in thosedays .”

In referring to the pioneer schools in Penn Township , M cKee

says The early school-teachers were Irishmen and usuallyfond of showing their authority . Few are remembered whowere noted for their mildness and none can be charged with

sparing the rod unduly. Probably the first school in Penn Town

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204 A MER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y .

native of County Derry. John Fleming was the local schoolmaster in 18 15. We are told “

he possessed a good deal of theschoolmaster’s tact and managed his pupils well .This is but a fleeting glance at the history of the I rishpioneers and schoolmasters of this section of Pennsylvania . I

have a vast amount of material on the subject of the contri

bution made by the early Irish immigrants to the education ofthe youth in those times , which w il l appear from time to time

in the Journals of the Society.

EXTRACTS FROM VIRGIN IA CHURCH RECORDS.

comm) BY M I CHAEL J . O ’BRIEN .

FROM 1 111: VESTRY Boox A N D REGISTER op BRISTOL PARISH ,

VIRGINIA , 1720 10 1784, A S TRANSCRIBED BY CHU RCHILL G .

CHAMBERLAYNE .

June 29 , 1724 . It is ordered by the Vestry meeting that

Dennis Daly be Allowed 400 pounds of tobb . for Support of him

self and family , to be Allowed by the P’ish to be paid to him by

the Church-Warden .

”

May 10, 1724. B irth records : Will iam , son of Patrick and

Jane Doran .

October 9 , 1724 . Richard Dearden is acquitted for paying

Levies .September 22, 1725. Baptismal records : Mary, daughter ofWilliam and Mary Kally ,

” and Mary , daughter ofWilliam andSarah Kelly.

1726 . Baptismal records Laughlin fiyn .

June 29 , 1724 . A t a meeting of the Vestry , it was ordered

that Jack Cook belonging to M r. John Fizjarrell be Acquitted forpaying P ’ish Levies till he mends , he now being Ailing.

”

March 3 , 173 1 .

“Captain FitzGerrall for Barrett,

” mentioned ,and also ,

“To John H igh for Farrell.” The Vestry books contain a great number of entries relating to John Fitz Gerrald betw een 173 8 and 1750. There was a place named Fitzgeralds inPrince George County and there is a record of court being held atthat place on March 1 1 , 1740. mJuly 25, 1741 . B irth records John , son of John and Anne

Fitz-Gareld .

July 9 , 1745. B irth records Anne , daughter of M r. Johnand Anne Gerralds , born June 17th , and baptised July 9 ,

November 1 1 , 1723 . Margaret M oguire” appears on record ,

and on February 6 , 173 1 , she is down as Margaret Mow ire .”

September 1 , 1742.

“To M r. Thomas Field to be repaid byBrandon Parish , it being on Acct. of Joseph Barry , 70 lbs. of

tobbacco .

206 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y

January 5, 1760. A t a Vestry meeting held at the BrickChurch of Bristol Parish on this date , it was ordered that severalpersons “

be appointed to Possision of the lands in this parish intheir several Precincts,

” among them William Malone and

Richard Geary .

The following appear on the birth records

March 20, 17 19 , Mary, daughter of Daniel and Mary Mellone.January 1 1 , 1726 , Lucrecee, daughter of William and A nn Mallone.September 26 , 1741 , Reuben , son of William and A nn M eloney .

December 13 , 173 5, Jane, daughter of John and A nn Mooney.February 27 , 1744 , Patrick Smith, son of Margaret Malone.January 19 , 1756 , T homas, son of Patrick and Sarah R oney.

October 8 , 1757 , John , son of Patrick and Sarah Roney.

Other names appearing on the Parish registers : Brannin ,

Carie, Cargill , Connell , Casey , Conway , Delahay, Delony , Dowley, Dunn , Finn , Gibbons , Garey , Garrett , Gill , Gilmore , Griflin,

Hayes , H iland , M cN eil, M cCarter, M cConnico , M cDearmon ,

M cDonald , M cDowell, M cKenny , M cLain , Kennedy , Kennon ,

Keown , Legan , and Sullivan .

Names appearing on theVestry book ofHenrico Parish between1740 and 1760: Ann O

’

Brien , Eliza M cCallum , Eliza Dalton ,

Mary Conway, Catherine M cBarrett, Matthew and Martha Jordan , William Lawless , John M cKean , Robert Moore , John Donlavie , Charles Sullivan , William Burk, Hugh M cN emara , John

Brion , William and George Kelley and Daniel Fitz Patrick.

A t a meeting of the Vestry held on October 15, 1773 , EdwardConway, sexton of the Brick Church ,

” was ordered to be paidfive pounds, and on the same date Dr . James M cCartie was

ordered to be paid £ 10 143 . 3 d . for attending Elisha Lester ."

Dr . M cCartie’

s name appears several times in the account booksof the clerk of the Vestry in payment of fees .October 26 , 1792. Death records : Edmund Ryan of the

Town of Petersburg , died the 25th and was buried the 26th ofOctober.

FROM 1 111: PARISH REGISTER OF SAINT PETER ’S CHURCH , N EW

KENT COUNTY, VA . , PU BLI SHED BY 1 111: NATIONAL SOCIETYOF COLONIAL DAM ES OF AM ERICA 111 1 111: 81 111 1: OF VIRGINIA.

N egro girl belonging to M rs. Sarah Barry, born July 22, 173 9.

A nn, daughter of William and Amy Burk, born March 24, 1727 .

David, son of John Condon and Ann, his wife, born January 2, 1771 .

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IRISH IMMIGRANTS FROM ENGLISH PORTS I N

THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

BY M I CHAEL J . O’BRIEN .

Under the caption , Emigrants from England , the New England H istoric-Genealogi cal Society published in its R egister

(Vols. 62 to 66)— a list of names of persons who sailed from English ports for the American Colonies betw een December , 1773 ,and August, 1775, compiled for the Society by George Fothergillof London , from manuscript records discovered by him in thePublic Record Oflice at London .

In these lists are recorded the names of the immigrants , theirages , occupations , the countries whence they came , their destinations in the American Provinces , the names of the ships and thedates when they sailed from London , Liverpool or Bristol , as thecase may be. In no case does it appear that the vessels whichbrought these people came direct from an I rish port. I havecopied the names of the immigrants from Ireland as they appearon this list , with other data relating to them . Besides these,there is a large number of names such as Moore , Hayes , Griffin,

Bryan , Mead , Morrison , Curry, Lane , Blake , Farley, Dawson ,Ford , Rohan , Reynolds , Strahan , Purcel, Gibbons , Grace , Gogin ,Greedy , Clare , Long , Timm ins , Burn , Millegan , Wall , Butler,Forrester, Hyland , Raney, M cHean, Ward , Fox , Keene , Clarke,Manning , Hauy, Boyle, Garrett , M iles, Hare , Fleming, Russelland Welch , all of Whom are recorded as from English towns.

Such nam es , as we know , have been common in Ireland for centuties and it is entirely probable that the majority of these peoplewere Irish . Before embarking, all immigrants were required tofurnish certain information to the Port oflicials, including theplaceswhence they came , and while some gave their original homeplaces in Ireland , others are known to have given their last placesof residence or employment in England and were thus recorded

as from England .

Some of the names are spelled in such a way as to make it diffi

cult to determine what the nationality may have been . Forexample , one would never take

“ John Flimaning , Clerk, from

208

IRI SH I M M I GRA N TS I N EI GHTEEN TH CEN T UR Y .

London , who came to Maryland in the ship , J ane, which sailed

from the port of London in the week betw een January 24 , and

January 3 0, 1775, to have been an Irishman . Yet , I learn from

other sources that this man ’s correct name was John Flanagin.

”

It is also interesting to note that “

40 emigrants from Baltimore

in Ireland ,” whose names are not mentioned , sailed on the ship ,

A dventure, from the port of London in the week, April 19 , to 26 ,1774 . The destination is not given , but , as the A dventure was

bound for Baltimore , it is probable that these people went to

some part of Maryland or Virginia .

From this list it will be observed that a large percentage of the

Irish immigrants were sturdy young people whose ages ranged

from 16 to 3 6 , and among them were artisans , husbandmen ,tradesmen and laborers , as well as tw o surgeons and six school

masters , a class of people then much needed in the Ameri

can Colonies . The publication of such lists serves as an answer

to those historical writers who assert— and have continued to

assert because they have seldom been confronted with official

data of this character— that the Irish who crossed the seas in

colonial times comprised only the “ bond-servant ” class , whopractically became slaves on the plantations , and for that reason

were of “ no account ” and , therefore , unworthy of mentionlinearly American history.

N ante. A ge. Occupation. F rom.

T homas Gorman 26 Schoolmaster I reland

William M organ

Patrick ReileyJames M ajor

T erence M cDonald

T homas M cKown

James DemseyWilliam BoyleA rchibald O’

Brian

Arthur RaynellsPatrick R edmond

Worcester

212 A M ERI CA N I RI SH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y.

Date and Part of A ge. Occupation.

David Brennan London. M ay 3 1 22 Sawyer I reland Marylandto June 7. 1774

M ichael Conlon do. 24 HusbandmanF rancis M ountair do. 25 M erchantDorothy M ountair do. 26

John Lew is Liverpool. June 14 16 Farmer

to June 21 , 1774do. 17 do.

do. 19 do.

London, July 3 to 20 Currier

July 10. 1774

Darby Hogan do. 22 HusbandmanEdward Kelly do. 21 do.

do. 18 Laborerdo. 23 Peruke makerdo 1 7 Cordwainer

London, July 10 22 Plasterer

to July 17 . 1 774Patrick T evlin do. 23 HusbandmanM atthew M oor do. 22 Farmer

John Connell do. 3 9 CordwainerJohn Lynch do. 3 7 Farmer

John Birmingham London, July 24 20 Gentleman

to July 3 1 . 1 774Daniel Hurley do. 21 Husbandman LondonCharles R oach do. 26 T allow chandler do.

William M oland do. 21 T in plate worker do.

George Bolland do. 21 T aylor I relandDaniel Hutchinson London, July 3 1 21 Cordwainer Dublin

to A us 7 . 1 774

Gerald Byrne London, A ug . 7 22 Carpenter and Kent Pensacola

to A ug . 14 , 1 774 joiner

M ichael Delaney London. A ug . 14 21 Husbandman I relandto A ug . 21 , 1 774

Henry Havel] Bristol. A ug . 14 25 Cooper Philadelphiato A ug . 21 , 1774

do. 22 Shoemakerdo. 23 Sea man

do. 21 LaborerLondon. A ug . 28 21 Founderto Sept. 4. 17 74

do. 21 Sm ith Londondo. 16 T aylor Bucksdo. 24 Spinster Londondo. 18 Groom Dublindo. 22 Husbandman do.

do. 26 Brass founder Londondo. 25 Groom do.

do. 21 Hatter StaffordLondon.Oct. 3 to 21 Husbandman ScotlandOct. 10, 1774

John Dunilton do. 21 Baker DublinJoseph Doyle do. 24 Cabinet maker Warwick

R ichard Roily do. 28 Breeches maker LondonPatrick Boylan do. 24 Cordwainer DublinT homas Dailey do. 24 Baker LondonLawrence Karny do. 23 Husbandman IrelandM ichael M cDonald do. 21 Plasterer London

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214 A MERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y.

Date and Port of A ge. Occupation. From.

James Doyley I reland M aryland

David ConnollyJasper M ahony

James RobertsJames M aharA nthony ByrneJane M anngan

Edward M cFaddlnc

Daniel Linch

A rthur M orris

T homas R yleyElizabeth F itzgerald

29 LaborerNicholas Linch 26 BrazierEdward M cEnnis 15 LaborerM ichael Cockran 22 do.

William Keaton 25 ShoemakerM atthew Keeling 25 Husbandman

John M alone

John Bohannon

John M c 22 Cabinet maker

I reland

William SkellyJeremiah R egan

R obert ByrneWilliam Higgins

IRISH I M M I GRA N TS I N EI GHTEEN TH ' CEN T UR Y .

Date and Port of A ge. Oeeumm’

on.

Sailing.

Gilbert Cartey London. A pr. 10 21 Farmer

to A pr. 17. 1775

William Walsh do. 3 0 do.

London.M ay 15 24 Carpenter

to M ay 22. 1775

Brian O’

Brien London.M ay 22 24

to M ay 29. 1775

Michael Carey do. 23 do.

Cornelius Hagerty London. June 5 to 19 GardenerJune 12. 1775

Christopher M orris do. 22 Farmer

do. 24 Schoolmasterdo.

do. 24 Farmer

do. 22 Linen weaver

do. 22 CooperLondon, June 12 3 9 M ason

to June 19. 1775

William M oretan do. 21 Servant

Patrick M cKernelly do. 25 LaborerMartha M cBride do. 16 Servant

Anthony Dwyer Bristol. June 26 20 T aylorto July 3 . 1775

do.

do. 21 ClerkLondon, July 10 3 1 do.

to July 17. 1778

do.

M ichael Cottor do.

Andrew Power do.

do.

do. 22 ClerkBryan Burn London.A ug . 14 22 Husbandman

to Aug . 21 , 1775

do. 3 0 Cordwainer

F rom.

Ireland

London

215

H ISTORICAL GLEANINGS FROM MASSACHUSETTS

RECORDS.

CONTRIBUTED BY GEORGE F . O'DWYER .

Among the petitions presented to the M assachusetts GeneralCourt during the progress of the Revolutionary War were somerelative to the allegiance of certain British soldiers and sailors .

Many of the petitioners , dissatisfied w ith their treatment in theBritish service , and being desirous of settling down in M assachu

setts , were granted permission to remain in the country and pursue their different trades. The following is an interesting ex ampleof these petitions

T o the Hon1 the Council and Hou’l the House of Rep. of Mass. Bay in GenlCourt assembled N ov. 3 oth , 1779T he Petition of William O’

Brien lately of the 9th R egiment and GeorgePerkins lately of a Detachment of the 3 3 Regiment of General Burgoin

’

s

Convention T r00ps, humbly shews : T hat the said O’

Brien and Perkins aboutfourteen months since, with a full design to become I nhabitants of this Country81 not to return to the British T r00ps any more, and have ever since labouredwith the good People of this State in a peaceable manner in the useful Businessof nail-making, have each of us been rated paid T axes the year past . And

that your humble Petitioners are very Desirous of being T rue and LoyalSubjects of this State , of taking the Oath of A llegiance of fidelity 81 of paying doing our part for the support of theWar 81 and all other T axes. T herefore pray your Hons to grant us the favours above and such protection as youShall see meet and that we may not be taken up or sent to the British T roopsto be punished for appearing in the Cause of American Liberty, and as inDuty bound ask leave to pray.

his

Witnesses GEORGE Psnxm s,

101111 Bu m, markDANIEL CONNERS. WILLIAM O'BRIEN.

These men settled at Oakham , Mass . , where they followedtheir trade of nail-making. Thomas Mann , a merchant whoemployed them , certified to their good character and four of theselectmen of the town certified that they paid taxes for the year

1779 . The petition was granted by the court , and at a sessionheld on December 20, 1779 , it was

Resolved, T hat the said George Perkins William O’

Brien, who have produced Certificates from the Select Men of the T own where they reside, that

216

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218 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

soules rejoyced in that Christ would now manifest himselfe to be the Commissary Generall of this, his Army, and that hee should honor them so far as

to be poore Sutlers for his Camp.

Further on we read , on page 92 (Dr. Jameson’s reprint] the

following under date of 163 3 :

Feeling againe the scarcity of foode and being constrained to come to asmall pittance daily, the Lord , to provide for them, causeth the Deputy of I reland to set forth a great Ship unknowne to this people [the settlement atCambridge] and indeed small reason in his own apprehensions why he shouldso do [but Christ will have it sol T his Ship ariving , being filled with foode thegodly Governors did so order it that each T own sent two men aboard of her(the ship) who tooke up their T ownes allowance, it being appointed beforehandwhat this portion should be to this end that some might by [buy] all and othersbe left destitute of food.

Again , on page 108 of thework we find another mention of foodships from Ireland . The date is 163 5, the year that John Winthrop the younger, and his friend , Rev. John Wilson , made avisit to England and Ireland to recruit settlers for the Ipswichand Merrimack river settlements . Johnson says

I t pleased him [God] this yeare [163 5] to visit them [the settlers around M as

sachusetts bay] and try them againe with a great scarcity of Bread , by reasonof the multitudes that came brought somewhat shorter Provisions then ordinary, which caused them to be in some straites. But their Lord Christ givesout aWord of command to those who occupy their businesse in the great deepeto furnish from I reland some Ships laden with food for his people.

Now an interesting fact about these allusions to food from Ireland at different intervals of the first years of the settlements ofthe Massachusetts Bay Colony is that the arrival of these foodships precede by forty-one years the coming of the Irish donation

(commented on exhaustively by M r. M ichael J . O’

Brien) in the

year, 1676 , following the ravages of the King Philip war whichtold hard on the Colonists of both the Pilgrim as well as the

Puritan settlements .It also shows conclusively that the Irish and the Irish food

shipswere depended on in the first years of the pioneer settlements

of the two colonies .

IRISH SOLDI ER S 111 THE COLONIAL WARS .

During the war between England and France , in the middleof the eighteenth century, several regiments of New Englanderswent to Nova Scotia and Quebec . One hundred and seventy

HISTORICAL CLEA N I N GS. 219

one prisoners, captured and imprisoned at Quebec and Louisburg, were sent to Boston in the summer of 1747 in exchange forFrench prisoners . Among the Irish names noted in the list werethe following :

T aken at sea 2oth M ay , 1745: John Maddin (I reland) , Luke M cN ally,Ambrose Ryan, Samuel Deverix , belonging to the late Captain Donahew .

T aken by the DA w o w and Castor A pri l 4, 1746 : Cornelius M ahaner ofI reland.Captured by L’

Castor at sea June 24, 1746 : Dennis Field, Master, of N ewY ork.T aken by A lbany sloop July 19, 1746 : A nthony N ewgent (Boston) .T aken by Mons. Ramsay, January 3 0, 1746—47 : John Kenny, John Dono

van and T homas M cCarthy (residence unknown) .T aken by the salvages [savages] A ugust 20, 1746 : Patrick Harrow, N ew

Y ork;October 12, Cornelius Farrol of Saratoga, and James Curry.

T aken at Saratoga June 19, 1747 : Daniel and Philip Kelly of N ew Y ork.T he following died during their captivity and i mprisonment : T hos. Magra,of I reland (Boston);T imothy Cummings, of Georges;William Daily, of N ewY ork;M icah Dogan, of I reland;James Doyl, of Philadelphia.

T hose following “ turned over ” to the French and remained in CanadaDaniel Lary, of this Province (Mass ) ; M allaly ,

of Boston;John Curren ,of Boston;John M ’

Clure and Jane, his wife, of Saratoga; T obin, ofI reland;T hos. M

’

Clathland and Katherine , his wife, of Philadelphia;WilliamLambert, of I reland;John M acquire;David M

’

coo,Philadelphia;Jacob Con

noway, Philadelphia.

LETTER OF JOHN HAYNES 10 J . W1111 11R0P, JR . , 241 11 01“ M A Y ,

1653 .

(Winthrop Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.)

T here are 3 ships come into the Baye (Boston) the first by the way of I reland,that brought 90 passendgers for servants; the 2nd , one, of Charlestown ismaster;the 3 rd , the A ddington, who sett saile the 17th of M ay .

In a following letter to Winthrop , Haynes speaks of an Irishmaid servant thus :

I f this I rish woman is come upp to you , .pray lett her by the first Opportunitybee conveid [conveyed] to us, for I did soe order it, hoping to have pleasured,not to burthen you .

Evidently this Irish woman was an efficient maid servant as

well as nurse in Haynes ’ family, for his wife was cared for by herwhile in the pains of childbirth . She was used later by the Win

throp and other prominent families of the Massachusetts andConnecticut colonies in a like capacity, and her skill was instru

220 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

mental in saving off spring when a doctor or surgeon could notbe brought in time . It is unfortunate that her name is unknown .

Maybe in future researches the writer will come upon it. Thisuseful woman is the first Irish nurse mentioned in the annals of

the New England colonies , as far as is known .

T HE F KNOWN IRISH BRICKMAKER A N D MASON 111AMERICANHISTORY .

(From Records of A ncient Rehoboth , Mass.)

N ovember 25, 1663 . Voted, that A lexander, the I rishman, a brickmaker,should be freely approved among us for to make brick, and that he should havefull liberty to make use of the clay and wood on the commons for that purpose .”

SOM E ADVERTISEMENTS A N D NEWS ITEMS 111 1 111: BOSTONPOST .

”

A pril 3 0, 1764 Ran Away on the N ight of the 17th I nstant , March , fiveindented Servants viz. : Hugh Doyle, a tall, thin man, born in I reland, muchmark

’

d with the small pox;John B lake, a short , well-set M an, born in I reland,both Servants to Capt . A bel M ichener, of said Falmouth and had on bluejackets and home-dressed M oom skin breeches;John A ttwell, a tall M an,

born in N ew England;John Murphy, ditto, born in I reland;James Sullivan , 2lusty M an, born in I reland. A ll these Servants to H. D. Denson , Esq . ofFalmouth . Whosoever shall Cause these said Servants to be securedwill be paid a R eward of T wenty Shillings for each of the said servants and allcharges repaid with many thanks!

“Falmouth , King's county

, N ova Scotia, March l gth , 1764.

October 29 , 1764 N ew Y ork Oct. 22, 1764—William O’

Brien Esq . and

the right hon . Lady Susannah O’

Brien with C01. Croghan and Capt. M ’

Donald

came passengers in the packet boat."

June 13 , 1763 A ll Persons having any Demand on the Estate of Capt.Patrick Connell of Boston , Mariner, Deceased , are desired to bring them to

Margaret Connell, sole Executive to the last Will and T estament of the saidDeceased.T he w ill of Capt . Patrick Connell , who was a Catholic I rish shipmaster,

is of more than ordinary interest. I t was dated 1 1th of June, 1760. I t readI n the name of God Amen . I , Patrick Connell of Boston in N ew Eng

land , Mariner, being of sound , disposing mind and memory, thanks be toGod , therefor, but considering the certainty of death 81 the uncertain timeof Man's dissolution

,Do , on this 1 1th day of June A . D. 1760,

in the 3 3 rdyear of His Maj esty ’s Reign , make 81 declare these presents to Contain mylast will 81 T estament in manner follow ing : T hat is to say , First, I commendmy Soul into the hands of almighty God , hoping thro

’

His mercy 81 themerits of my ever blessed R edeemer, Jesus Christ , to Enjoy eternal life 81touching 81 concerning my temporal Estate , I give 81 dispose thereof as fol

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22 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

the Puritan slave-holders who , at that time , esteemed a goodhealthy parcel of white human property as a valuable asset tohelp run their plantations . One Oliver Cromwell , than whomthere is , in the course of tim e , no ruler more execrated , was theoriginal source of the above-mentioned deed . And the poorunfortunates sent over by his orders , were only the first ofdeported by him and his hirelings during the following six yearswhile he was in power .

History does not record what became of the two hundred andfifty-six Scotch and Irish hirelings. Some of their descendants

may be still living in New England or in other parts of thecountry. For their blood was virile . They came of good oldCeltic stock and the blood of this stock will never die . Witnessthe vital records ofMaine ,Massachusetts and other New Englandstates in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, lately published . Some of their names and those of their descendants canbe found in these records . Among these Celtic hirelings werethe following

James MooreM ichael flossemHugh MackeyDaniel M ackannell

John CroomeM ackunnell

John MacdonnellPatrick JonesJohn CochonEdward dulenPatrick T imsonJohn HanomanJames JacksonDani M ackayne

Dan M ackennell

George Quennedaniell M ackhan

dan MartynJohn Morre

IRISH GIRLS IMPRESSED A S SERVANTS 111 BOSTON111 1671 .

In the seventeenth century, the early Irish living in and aroundBoston were forced to send their children abroad (meaning

Patrick MortonPatricke M ackatherne

4 Patricks, last name missingPatricke Crosshone

Patrick MannPatricke M ackneile

Rory MachyJohn M ackane

Patricke GrauntPatricke HarronPatricke RobertsonJohn MannPatricke M ackane

John ShinneJonas murrowPatricke Jacson

Patrick EnglishDaniell onealeJohn murrow

HISTORICAL GLEA N I N GS. 223

away from their own families and relations) to serve in the capacity of servants . In looking up the Boston Town R ecords of 167 1 ,the writer came upon this interesting order, issued at a meetingin the state house of the governor, deputy governor, and theirstaff

I t is ordered that notice be given to the several psons under-written thatthey within one month after the date hereof dispose of their severall children(herein nominated or mentioned) abroad for servants to serve accordinge totheire age and capacities w"b if they refuse or neglect to doe T he M agistratesand Selectmen will take theire said Children from them and place them withsuch Masters as they shall provide accordinge as the law directs. And thatthey that doe accordinge to this otdr dispose of their Children doe make returneof the names of Mast's 81 Children soe put out to service w ith their I ndenturesto the Selectmen at theire next monthly M eetinge beinge the last Monday inA pril] next :John G lover’s daught’ about 12 yrs. of age.

Bryan Morphew’

s Daughtr in law Martha Dorman about 12 yrs.

John Bohaman’

s Daughtr Mary about 14 yrs.

Robert Pegg’

s Daughtr A lice about 10 yrs.

John Grifien’

s Daught'about 10 yrs.

Wm Spowell’

s Daughtr about 20 yrs.

Wm Browne ’s Daughtr about 15 yrs. unlesse she can excuse the service ofa N urse attendinge upon her weake Mother.

22March, 1671 .

226 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

went but the chief clerk stayed during many administrations , abulwark of the department and an authority on all matters connected with the navy. There was no Assistant Secretary then ,

and whenever the secretary was absent the chief clerk became

acting secretary. Often the office of Secretary of the Navy was

vacant for a time or the incumbent was away from his duty beyond the time for which an acting secretary could be designated .

In such cases John Boylewas appointed by the President Secretaryof the Navy ad interim and such appointments by various Presidents aggregate a period of more than one year. Life was simplerthen than now for when President Jackson wanted to confer withthe head of the Navy Department he took his pen in hand andhimself wrote a note asking him to call . A grandson , John Boyleof Washington , has in his possession a note which PresidentAndrew Jackson wrote and signed asking John Boyle to call atthe White House .

M r. Boyle resigned from the Navy Department in 183 9 afternearly thirty years of service . During his residence in Washing

ton he had become an active participant in the life of the city .

He was one of the leading laymen of St. Patrick’s Church , thefirst Roman Catholic Church inWashington . Hewas a memberof the Philosophical Society , the pioneer of the many scientific

societies afterwards established in the national capital . He

acquired large holdings of real estate , some parcels of which arenow among the most valuable in the city . After his resignationhe devoted himself chicfly to his business interests . He was a

director of the predecessor of the Metropolitan National Bank ,one of the leading financial institutions of the national capital .Among his local contemporaries were Thomas Corcoran , fatherof the philanthropist William W. Corcoran , and James Hoban ,

the architect of the Wh ite House—both Irishmen . He was onterms of intimacy with many naval officers and men prominentin official life . Among those he knew was a namesake JohnBoyle , a representative from Kentucky , a man who looms largein the early history of the state and who was the founder of anoted family . Both John Boyles , according to a tradition inthe Washington family, believed they were of the same racial

stock. Whether or not he was also related to the privateerCaptain Thomas Boyle of Baltimore , whose exploits in the War

of 1812made him famous, and who was the bold man who caused

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228 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y .

Junius I . Boyle died a commodore on the retired list of theUnited States Navy. As was the custom before the establishment of the Naval Academy he was put into the navy as a midshipman when about twelve years of age and learned practicalseamanship in the old sailing war ships . During his long servicehe visited most of the ports of the world . In the Mexican Warhe was in the blockading squadron and took part in the bombardment and capture of Vera Cruz . In Commodore Perry’s ex

pedition to Japan he was commandant of the Southampton. As

commander of the naval hospital at Philadelphia he had a turn ofshore duty . Hewas a type of the old sea officer, a skilled seamanalways ready for a fight and not averse to accepting a challengeto a duel . He was born in Baltimore and died at Norfolk, Va.

Appleton ’s Cyclopedia of American Biography contains an outline of his career .Junius Boyle married the daughter of his father ’s intimate

friend , John M cLeod , a native of Ireland , who was principal ofan academy for boys in Washington , that was a noted school .

Another daughter was the mother of Colonel John M cLeod

Turner , one of North Carolina’s heroes of the Civil War, and

grandmother of Captain John M cLeod Page , U . S . A . retired ,who served in the Philippine insurrection and on detailed dutyin the late war . Junius Boyle had four daughters and one son .

Of the daughters , Oceana married Colonel Thomas S. Sedgwick,an officer of the Union Army , and afterwards an official of theAtlantic and Pacific Railroad Company;Emily married Hon .

Z . Poteet of Cockeysville ,Md . , and Rebecca , GeorgeVan I nwegen

of Nebraska; all died without issue . Literature attractedEsmeralda Boyle and she became an authoress . A volume ofpoems received praise in America and abroad and her book,B iographical Sketches of Distinguished M arylcmders, is a valuablecontribution to American history . The only son , Juan , was born

at Port Mahon , M inorca , while his father was stationed inMediterranean waters and was christened in the Spanish form ofthe name John . He became an extensive operator inWashingtonreal estate and failed when the Jay Cooke crash brought down hisassociates. He then moved to Kearney , Neb . , was active in thepolitics of the state and died there . Hemarried Mary Miles ofan old Maryland family and left her a widow with six children .

She has since lost tw o sonswhile serving in the army. Lieutenant

JOHN BOYLE A N D HI S DESCEN DA N TS. 229

Juan Ashton Boyle won mention in reports and promotion forgallantry in Cuba during the Spanish-American War; he wastransferred to the Philippines and lost his life by drowning underunusual circumstances . A lady’s hat blew ofi her head and intothe sea from a boat in which Lieutenant Boyle and a brotherofficer were sailing with two ladies . He jumped overboard torecover the hat, went down and did not come up;his companionjumped from the boat to his rescue;he, also , went down and didnot come up. Both had been caught in seaweeds and held untildrowned . This is one of the sad tragedies of the American Armyin the Philippines . The other son , Lieutenant Junius I . Boyle ,was killed in France in 19 18 , after a series of daring exploits inraiding the enemy

’

s lines . Their sister, Eleanor Boyle , is thewife of Major General H . E. Ely , who commanded a fightingdivision of the American Expeditionary Force .

Eugene , the third son of John Boyle , also died while servinghis country in the army . As a youth he had secured a commissionas midshipman in the navy and made a cruise to the South Seasin the frigatePotomac and took part in the engagement ofQuallahBatoo . Resigning he entered civil life but when the Mex icanWar broke out he volunteered , and was made a lieutenant ofCompany D of the Baltimore and Washington battalion . Fourcompanies from Baltimore and two from Washington composedthe battalion which was commanded by Colonel William H .

Watson of Baltimore . Mustered in June 8 , 1846 , it sailed June15 and reached Brazos Santiago July 2, was put in the division ofGeneral Twiggs , and was precipitated into a battle after thescantiest amount of training. Ou September 21 , 1846 , the battalion took part in the attempt to storm the fortified city ofMonterey and the three days ’ battle that ensued was one of thefiercest American troops have ever been engaged in. The bri

gade to which the battalion was attached attacked a fort the firstday and was repulsed with serious losses. Ou the second daythe attack was renewed and continued on the third day when thecity was captured . Colonel Watson , the popular commander,was killed in the battle . Lieutenant Boyle conducted himself insuch a manner in this engagement that he was designated captain .

He died , however , January 6 , 1847 , before he received his commission . H is funeral and that of Lieutenant Graham was heldat Washington on the same day and was an event long remem

23 0 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

bered by those who witnessed it. It was made the occasion forthe gathering of a great number of patriotic people— to whom thefuneral brought a realization of the seriousness of the war— whowished to do honor to the memories of two local heroes and toshow sympathy for their families . The history of this organization is given in M emoirs of a M aryland Volunteer in theWar with

M ex ico, by John R . Kenly.

John F . Boyle , another son , lived an uneventful life in Wash

ington and resided for the greater part of it in the fine old homeof his father’s , adjacent to the Potomac river. He was a daringboy and a good swimmer and it is not improbable that he wasone of the mischievous lads who , as the tradition runs , rudelysplashed water on the head of President John Quincy Adamswhile he was taking one of his daily swims in the Potomac . He

has numerous descendants , one of whom , Inspector R ichardBurke Boyle of theWashington Police Force , has worked himselfup by merit , through long service , from the lowest to the highestposition one of the force may attain .

The daughter Catherine married William E. Stubbs , a son ofEdward Stubbs , a native of Ireland . Both father and son heldimportant clerkships in the State Department . The senior diedbefore the Civil War occurred and , soon after it began , WilliamE. Stubbs retired from office and made his home in MontgomeryCounty , Maryland . He has numerous descendants , one of thembeing E. C . Stubbs , chief of the heating and ventilating department of the United States Senate , and in point of length of serviceone of the oldest employes . He entered the department at thelowest grade and worked up to the highest. When the lateUnited States Senator Francis Kernan came as a youth toWashington to enter Georgetown College he bore a letter to EdwardStubbs . It is possible the families were acquainted in Ireland ormay be distantly related .

Cornelius , one of the younger sons of John Boyle , was born inWashington in 18 17 and died in that city in 1878 . He was

educated at M cLeod’

s Academy and graduated in medicinefrom Columbian College , now George Washington University ,Washington , and soon attained a large practice . He was a suc

cessful doctor , the beloved physician to a large circle of patientsand friends;was a man of means and popularity , who was activein movements for the betterment of the community;was one of

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23 2 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y .

tion , but above all a devoted wife and mother . Her mother wasFannie Johnston , whose father came toWarren County, Virginia,from the province of Connaught, Ireland , and married one ofa family whose ancestors were among the first settlers in thecolony of Virginia . M rs. Boyle ’s ardent devotion to Virginiacaused her to write in 186 1 a poem that had much vogue in thesouth and which was included by Miss Emily Mason in the bookWar Poetry of the South . It was entitled Hearts Victories ,and presents from the woman ’s viewpoint and the southernviewpoint the theme that the northern poet Thomas BuchananRead treats of in the well-known poem , beginning,

“The maidthat binds her warrior’s sash .

” Mrs . Boyle died near Warrenton , Va. , in 1869 , leaving motherless six young children , five ofwhom are living.

John Boyle , the oldest son , namesake of the founder of thefamily in America , has been the head of the Washington othee oftheWall Street J oum al of New York , a position he reached afterlong service in the newspaper profession . He is one of the oldestin point of service of the Washington corps of correspondentsand is recognized as an authority on financial matters . Twosons ,Watson and Cornelius B . , the latter a graduate in medicineas his father was of the medical school of Columbian College ,reside in Montana .

One unmarried and one married daughter , Mrs . Frederick S.

Hardesty , are residents ofWashington . One daughter, CatherineBurke , married the eminent chemist Frank K . Cameron , Ph . D .

She died more than ten years ago leaving one son and one

daughter who live with their father at Salt Lake , Utah .

Of many citizens of America of the present generation wasJohn Boyle , the Irish exile , the ancestor .

COLONEL JOHN FI T ZGERALD .

A ide-de-Campand Secretary to General George Washington .

BY REV . THOMAS P. PHELAN , A . M . , LL . D .

Professor of Church History in the Foreign M issiah Seminary, Ossining, N Y .

“T he Geraldines! T he Geraldines ! ’

tis full a thousand yearsSince mid the T uscan vineyards, bright flashed their battle spears;When Capet seized the crown of France, their iron shields were known ,And their sabre dint struck terror on the banks of the Garonne;A cross the downs of Hastings they spurred hard by William’

s side,A nd the grey sands of Palestine with Moslem blood they dyed;But never then , nor thence , till now,

has falsehood or disgraceBeen seen to soil Fitzgerald ’s plume or mantle in his face. ” 1

The Fitzgerald family is of mixed Continental and Welshorigin . The founder of the Irish branch was Maurice Fitzgerald ,

who went to Ireland in 1 169 , at the invitation of King DermotM acM orrough and assisted Strongbow in his campaigns . H isgreat grandfather was Otho , a powerful baron of the house ofGherardini , Dukes of Tuscany , from which the name Geraldineswas applied to the Fitzgeralds in after years . Otho migrated toNormandy, and during the reign of Edward the Confessor cameto England . He obtained large grants of lands and becameprominent in the social and political life of the time . The triumphof William the Conqueror strengthened his influence and power.

H is son , Walter, married Gladyss, a Welsh woman . Walter’

sson , Gerald , was confirmed in his rights by Henry I and was

created Constable of Pembroke Castle in Wales , for his servicesagainst theWelsh Chieftains . His son , Maurice , the first to settlein Ireland , adopted the surname Fitzgerald , son of Gerald , and in1 173 was appointed Chief Governor of Ireland . Large tracts inthe present counties of Cork , Kerry , Kildare and Wicklow werebestowed on him . One branch of the family became Earls ofDesmond , with the ancient patrimony of Cork, large estates inKerry and smaller grants in Tipperary and Waterford . Anotherbecame Baron of Ofi‘aly , embracing large portions of King

’s

county , with lands in Kildare and Queen’s counties . The Fitz

1 Davis, T homas, Poems.

23 4 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

geralds of Desmond were honored with many important offices,several serving as Lord Deputy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . They held the rank of Prince Palatine , andwere virtually kings in their own demesnes . The Fitzgeraldsof Leincester boast of more than twenty earls , and in 1766 , thereigning Earl was created Duke of Leincester. The descendants

of this family to-day comprise many of the wealthiest and mostprominent people in many parts of Ireland .

1

A t an early period , the Fitzgeralds adopted the manners andcustoms of the ancient Irish , spoke their language , practised their

laws and used their war cries . The weakness of the English system , and the petty exactions of the foreign officials aroused theirdisgust and resentment , while the impulsive , warm-hearted ,

sympathetic , Irish character, with its kindly customs and poeticfancies , won their esteem and imitation . As the followers of Rollohad exchanged the harsh accents of the Northern climes for themusical cadence of French and Italian , as the enemies of religionand the foes of education became the patrons of learning and thebulwarks of Christianity , so these erstwhile conquerors of Irelandbecame I psis Hibernicis Hiberniores,

” —“more Irish than theIrish themselves,

”— a phrase first applied to the Geraldines .

Various lawswere promulgated to arrest this dangerous tendency .

The Statutes of Kilkenny, passed in 1 3 67 , enacted , that intermarriage with native women was high treason , that any Englishman adopting the Irish dress , languages or names , should forfeithis lands , and that no Irish postulants should be admitted intoconvents or monasteries .2 These laws were ineff ectual as theinvaders gradually fell under the influence of the native customsand manners , and many of them became the bitterest enemiesof England and staunch supporters of their adopted country .

Thomas Fitzgerald , tenth Earl of Kildare , known aff ectionatelyin Irish history , as

“ Silken Thomas ,” refused allegiance to Henry

VI I I . After a long campaign against great odds , with treacheryplaying a prominent part , he was induced to surrender , with thepromise of security for himself and his retainers . He was takento London and executed with his five uncles . Gerald Fitzgerald ,

fifteenth Earl of Desmond , denied the spiritual supremacy ofElizabeth and refused to conform to the English church . Hewas

1 R ooney, Genealogical History of Ifish Families.1 D

’Alton, History of I reland, Vol. I I .

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23 6 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y

derness in the Blue Mountain region , others took up lands in thefertile valley of the Shenadoah . The natives were hostile , and

frequent massacres occurred , yet these argonauts held theirground and protected the frontiers against the savages . Whenthe struggle for freedom came , they entered the continentalarmy , and served in the legislative halls. The muster rolls of themilitia , the marriage and baptismal registers, the land recordsand will books contain a wealth of Irish names , attesting not onlytheir presence in the colony , but their devotion to church andstate .1

John Fitzgerald came to Virginia and settled in Alexandria in1769 or 1770. He was born in the county Wicklow although thedetails of his early career are meagre . Tradition asserts he was

a near relative of Lord Edward Fitzgerald , the Irish patriot .1

He was cultured , educated , and refined and possessed means andbusiness acumen , as he entered mercantile life and established areputation in financial circles . He was a social favorite , and

participated in the society events of the little town , and becamequite a favorite with the English maidens and Scotch lassies whomade Alex andria , even then , true to its original name of BelleHaven .

“ In 1770, Washington was elected Burgess and the

citizens of Alexandria tendered him a reception . Fitzgeraldattended this function , and was introduced to his future friendand leader . Hewas an uncompromisingWhig, and an inveterateenemy of Toryism , and during the agitations of those days alwaysmaintained that an appeal to arms was the only hope of theColonies. Hewas an officer of the old Buffs and Blues , the first

volunteer regim ent raised in the south in the dawn of the revolution, and commanded by In April , 1774 , he

visited M t. Vernon with his friends, M r. Tilghman and Dr.

Digges , to confer on the troubled state of public affairs . Ou

Washington ’s return from the Richmond convention , wherePatrick Henry sounded the slogan of armed resistance , he wasvisited by another delegation , among whom were Fitzgerald andhis co-religionist , Daniel Carroll of Maryland . The people ofAlexandria resolved If Boston submits , we will In

1 O’

Brien, A Hidden Phase of American History.

1 Grifiin, Researches, 1909 .

1 Ibid.

1 M cGee, Ifish Settlers in N orth A merica.

Carne, Washington’

s Catholic A ide-de-Camp.

COLONEL JOHN F I TZGERA LD 23 7

every movement looking towards independence , John Fitzgeraldwas a leader of his townsmen .

On April 19 , 1775, the battle of Lexington was fought and thenews of the confl ict aroused every loyal heart to action . Fromcity and hamlet troops hurried to Boston , congresses were organized in every colony , and committees of safety appointed , torecruit soldiers and provide munitions of war . Just as the newsarrived that Ethan Allen and his “Green Mountain Boys” hadcaptured Ticonderoga and Crown Point , the second ContinentalCongress met at Philadelphia , voted to raise twenty thousandmen and chose George Washington , comm ander-in-chief. Fitzgerald had prospered in his business ventures and had latelybought property along the Potomac which he reclaimed

,and

which was long known as Fitzgerald ’s wharf. He married

Jane Digges , daughter of Dr. D igges of Warburton Manor , amember of the ancient Maryland family . When the news of thehostilities came , Fitzgerald and eight others , the entire Catholicpopulation of Alexandria , set out for Cambridge .1 On his arrivalhe was designated aide—de-camp to the commander and occasionally acted as secretary.

A ides-de-camp are persons in whom entire confidence must be placed . I t

requires men of ability to execute the duties with propriety and dispatch wherethere is a multiplicity of business as must attend the commander-in-chief ofsuch an army as this, and persuaded as I am , that nothing but the zeal of thesegentlemen who live with me and act in this capacity, for the great Americancause and personal attachment to me, have induced them to undergo thetroubles and confinement they have experienced since they became membersof my family.

"1

In November, Fitzgerald was officially appointed secretary,sharing the duties with another Irish Catholic , Stephen Moylan .

Tradition relates that Moylan met his future commander at alevee at Alexandria and was presented by Fitzgerald . Laterresearch shows that he was introduced to Washington by JohnD ickinson , the sterling Philadelphia patriot .’ After the evacuation of Boston , Fitzgerald accompanied the army to New Yorkand during the disasters on Long Island , and the retreat throughNew Jersey, was continually at the side of his beloved chief. Inthe archives of the Continental Congress are various letters and

1 Custia, Recollections.1 Ibid.

1 Grifiin, Life of General M nylon.

23 8 AMERICA N IRISH HI STOR I CAL SOCI ET Y

dispatches dealing with military and financial problems writtenin his well known style—enclosing a list of officers for the rifle

battalion;a plan for forming a corps of continental artillery;arequest for money to equip M oylan

’

s dragoons;lengthy reportson skirmishes and raids .1

The darkest hour of the war had come . The victorious Britishand Hessians pursued Washington ’s naked and starving armythrough New Jersey and compelled it to cross into Pennsylvania .

They awaited the freezing of the Delaware River to completethe rout of the patriotic forces . Ou Christmas nightWashingtoncrossed the river , surprised the Hessians at Trenton and killedor captured almost the entire detachment . Threatened bysuperior forces he outwitted Cornwallis , and during the darknessof night , marched to Princeton . Meeting the enemy emergingfrom the town , a sharp conflict began . The Continentals , lackingbayonets , gave way . Washington , disdaining danger , rallied his

men and mounted on his white charger , plunged into the thickestof the fight.

T he discomfited Americans rallied on the instant, formed into line andthe enemy halted, and dressed their lines; the American chief is between theadverse hosts, as though a target for both . T he arms of both lines are leveled.Can escape be possible? Fitzgerald horror struck at the danger of his belovedcommander

,dropped the reins on h is horse ’s neck, drew his hat over his face,

that he might not see him die. A roar of musketry succeeds and then a shout.T he aide—de-camp ventures to raise his eyes. 0 G lorious sight. T he enemyare broken and flying, while dimly, amidst the glimpses of smoke, is seen thechief, alive, unharmed , and without a wound , waving his hat and cheering hiscomrades to the pursuit. Colonel Fitzgerald , celebrated as the finest horsemanof the American army, now dashed the rowels into his charger’s flanks, andheedless of dead and dying, in his way ,

flew to the aid of the chief, exclaiming :T hank God , your excellency is safe. T he favorite aide, a gallant and warmhearted son of Erin , a man of thews and and sinews, “

albeit unused to themelting mood,

” gave loose rein to his feelings, and wept like a child for joy.

Washington, ever calm amidst scenes of the greatest excitement, afiectionatelygrasped the hand of his aide, and then ordered : “

Away, dear Colonel, bringup the tr00ps; the day is our own .

”1

After the return from Trenton and Princeton , Fitzgerald visited

Alexandria and brought to Mrs. Washington at M t. Vernon , thenews of the victories . While at home , three British frigatessailed up the river, threatening to bombard the town . The

1 Griflin, Researches, 1909.

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240 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y

him it has been called the Conway Cabal . He wrote to Gatescongratulating him on his coming promotion

Heaven has determined to save your country or a weak general and badcouncillors would have ruined it. ” 1

A copy of this letter in which the entire plot was disclosed wasshown to Laurens , the President of Congress . While visitingYork, Pennsylvania , where the seat of government had beentransferred , Fitzgerald saw a copy and immediately wrote to thecommander

U pon my arrival here M r. Laurens asked me to breakfast nextmorning giving me to understand that he had something of importance to say to me. I n the morning he asked me if you had ever seen the muchtalked of letter from General Conway to General Gates. I answered I was surethat you never had, unless since my departure from camp. He then said itwas in the hands of M r. Roberdeau . Upon this I determined todemand it from M r. Roberdeau in order to let you have a copy of it. I waitedon him this morning. He was full of his assurance that the letter did not contain the paragraph alluded to , which gave him infinite satisfaction , as he eutertained the highest respect for you and for General Gates. He added , however

, that had the letter remained in his possession , he should not have thoughthimself at liberty to let a copy be taken without the consent of the gentlemanwho entrusted him with it. I then returned to M r. Laurens whogave me an extract he had taken from it which I take the liberty of enclosingto you . T he whole of that letter I understand was couched in terms of thebitterest invective of which this is a small sample. M r. Laurens

’

s

sentiments upon the whole of this matter were exceedingly j ust and deliveredwith great candor. ” 1

Ou receiving this letter,Washington immed iately responded“I thank you sincerely for the part you acted at Y ork respecting C y

and believe with you that matters have and will turn out difierent to whatthat party expected . G —s has involved himself in h is letters to me in themost absurd contradictions. M has brought himself into a scrape that hedoes not know how to get out of with a gentleman of this state, and C y asyou know, is sent upon an expedition which all the world knew, and the eventhas proven not practicable. ”1

The plotwas a failure . The invasion ofCanadawas abandoned ,the comm issariat broke down , and Baron Steuben was appointedinspector general . Charles Carroll of Carrollton with SamuelChase and Robert Morris rallied Congress to the support of

1 Grifiin, Researches, 1909 .

1 Ibid.

COLONEL JOHN F I TZGERALD 41

Washington. M ifiiin was placed in a subord inate position;Conway, wounded in a duel with General Cadwallader, resigned

Gates was ordered to return to his command . The next year the

much lauded hero was assigned to command the southern army.

A t the bloody battle of Camden his northern laurels changed tosouthern willows. Henceforth the hopes of the nation were

reposed in the gallant commander who had been chosen to lead

the hosts of democracy .

When Howe evacuated Philadelphia ,Washington pursued him

through N ew Jersey and at Monmouth engaged him in battle .The cowardice and treason of General Charles Lee discouraged

the soldiers and defeat was imm inent . Washington, riding to

the front , found his men in full retreat . Rebuking the unworthy

commander, he rallied the scattered forces and led them against

the foe . Again the beloved chieftain’s life was in jeopardy . A t

his side was his gallant aide and once more his tears of gratitude

flowed as his leader was miraculously spared . The British te

treated to New York and Washington and his ragged hosts h'

eld

N ew Jersey and the Hudson Valley. The records of Congressshow that Fitzgerald was with the army continuously during th isperiod . Letters written to Philadelphia of a most confidentialnature are in his handwriting, dictated by Washington , showing

the character and extent of his services , and the confidence te

posed in him by the great leader . A t length the final act in thebloody tragedy was enacted . Cornwallis was hemmed in atYorktown by the gallant Continentals and the fearless Frenchwhile the ships of France commanded the sea . Ou October 19 ,178 1 the emblems of America and France were entwined invictory, the ensign of Britain was trailed in the dust of defeat.The independence of the Colonies was won ,Washington ,Rochambeau and De Grasse were saluted as heroes by two continents.

Fitzgerald was present at the surrender and his joy was apparentto all . The crimes and insults that had driven him into exilewere compensated by the glorious triumph , the broken treaty of

Lim erick avenged , his beloved country had taken her placeamong the nations of the earth .

When the last hostile soldier had left the shores of the new

republic,Washington resigned his command and bade farew ell tohis faithful officers. H is task was finished , and relinquishing thethe sword , he returned to the peaceful scenes at M t. Vernon.

10

242 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y

Fitzgerald also retired to his old home at Alexandria and resumedhis family and business relations . Residing only a few miles fromhis old comrade in arms , he maintained in a marked degree hisformer soc ial and mercantile friendship with his neighbor. He

was active in the newly organized Society of the Cincinnati ,often acting unofficially in the secretarialwork of the organization .

During his visits to Alexandria , Washington frequently dined atthe Colonel ’s table , and occasionally passed the night under hishospitable roof. Washington's diary contains many references

to Fitzgerald , showing that their intimacy was close and cordial .They were associates in the Potomac Company, formed to im

prove the navigation of the river,Washington serving as president ,Fitzgerald as a member of the board of directors . In politics theColonel was a Federalist, and followed the political fortunes ofhis leader. He opposed the schemes of Jefferson and Madison ,and frequently deplored their apparent radicalism . In 1787,

Fitzgerald was elected mayor of Alexandria and filled the postwith credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents . I n

1798 President Adam s named him collector of the Port of Alexandria . H is business, long neglected during his service in thearmy, did not prosper, and after his death , his country residence,Federal Spring, was sold in the settlement of his encumberedestate . Yet in prosperity or adversity , he always retained theadmiration and good will of his fellow citizens, who rememberedhis illustrious services and his friendship and loyalty with thegreat commander.H is married life was singularly happy . H is wife , Jane Digg es ,

w as loving and devoted , and her home was the centre of the socialactivitiesof the little town . Her family, long settled inMaryland ,was noted for its devotion to church and country, and her father,Doctor D igges of Warburton Manor , was honored as a loyalcitizen and a learned practitioner. Two daughters came to blesstheir home, Elizabeth and Jane . The former married FrancisLightfoot Lee , son of Richard Henry Lee , the revolutionary pa

triot and member of Congress . She died childless, and the surviving sister, Jane , was also espoused by M r. Lee . Five childrenwere born from this union , three boys and two girls. One sonbecam e an admiral in the navy , another entered West Point andattained the grade of major in the army, a third embraced a

mercantile career. One of the daughters died in young woman

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244 A M ERI CA N IRISH HI STORI CA L SOCI ET Y

away. He was buried in the little Catholic Cem etery on theroad to M t. Vernon . The two friends were united in life , andwhen death came , neither time nor space separated them .

Secular historians rarely mention the name of Fitzgerald andseldom chronicle his honorable service . Lesser heroes have beenimmortalized in the hall of national fame . Even those of his ownrace and religion , frequently omit his name from the list of revolutionary giants . H is achievements were not as splendid as thelabors of Charles Carroll of Carrollton in the legislative councils,or the daring exploits of Stephen Moylan and his dashing dra

goons , or the notable feats of John Barry on the quarter deck ofhis frigate . Yet his loyalty and devotion to Washington in thedark days of intrigue and warfare , his high and noble character,his honorable political career should entitle him to a niche in thepantheon of the republic. Loyalty to church and state was thedistinguishing characteristic of the Geraldines for six centuries inIreland . The American scion of that ancient stock was true tohis fam ily traditions .

But never then nor thence, till now, has falsehood or disgrace,Been seen to soil Fitzgerald ’s plume or mantle in his face.

”

BIBLIOGRAPHY .

Bennett, William Harper—Cathoh'

e Footsteps in Old N ew York.

Carne,William F .—Washington

’

s Catholic A ide-de Camp(Catholic World, Jan.,

Condon , Edward O’

M eagher—The Ifish Race in America.

Cooke, John Esten Virginia.

Custis, George Washington Parke—Rew lkctiom‘

.

Davis, T homas—Poems.

O'A lton,

Rev. E. A .—History of Ireland, Vols. I—I I

Grifiin, Martin I . J—Ameriean Catholic Historical Researches, 1909- 1911.TheLife of General Stephen M oylan.

Catholics in the American Revolution, Vol. I I .Haltigan, James—The Ifish in the American Revolution.

Leonard, Lewis A . The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Lodge, Henry Cabot—The Story of the American Revolution.

M cGee, T homas D'A rcy

—A History of the Ifish Settlers in N orth America.

O’

Brien, M ichael J—A Hidden Phase of A merican History.

Rooney, John—Genealogical History of Ifish Families.

Shea, John Gilmary—History of the Catholic Church in the United States.Sparks, Jared Writings of Washington.

N ECROLOGY

EDMUND J . CUR R Y

DR . F RANCIS J . QUINLAN

Edmund J . Curry, the subject of this sketch , was born atTemple

,County Clare , Ireland , July 4th , 1846 . When he was

three years of age his parents came to this country and settled atLewiston , Niagara County , New York. Sometime later the

family moved to Niagara Falls where they had purchased asmall farm . Here they remained until 1865. During this time

Edmund attended the public schools . Later he took up acommercial course that subsequently enabled him to become aclerk in charge of the storerooms of the International Hotel in

his home town .

His ambitious spirit was restless in this limited sphere andaccordingly , in 1868 , he came to the City of NewYork, where hesought a wider range for his progressive nature in fields thatafforded a very broad scope in the post-bellum days. After avery brief residence here , we find him associated with his uncle ,the late John J . Curry , whose numerous enterprises needed thequick moving spirit of his young partner . The partnershipthrived and the partners , through close attention to businessand thr1fty methods , soon realized notable returns upon investments made in the section known as Old Yorkville .

Later we find Edmund constructing one of the largest stablesin that upper section and calling it the Niagara Stables ” afterthe town where he had spent the early years of his boyhood . Hisfar-reaching mental vision saw future realty opportunities , andconsequently he entered the real estate business. A keen appreciation of values and prudent judgment led him successfully intomany avenues of commercial enterprise .

But Edmund Curry was not alone in these ventures , nor didthe spur to his ambition come from himself alone . He married ,and the fruit of this union was two children . One child was takenfrom him almost in its infancy . The other was spared to him fora period of twenty-two years . The loss of this boy was indeed asevere blow to his ambitious life . It seems that everything in

245

246 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

the career of the father was centered in the futureof theboy . Onecan readily surmise the painfulness of the trial , but it fell upon amanly character , and the forbearance with which the trial wasmet was a preparation for a subsequent activity— interest in

orphans— that characterized the later years of Edmund Curry’slife .But an ardent spirit cannot be circumscribed by domestic and

business relations . Hence , it is , that during many years of asuccessful life we find him identified with social organizationshaving for aim racial , civic and religious welfare . Thus in 1890

he is the guest of honor at a complimentary dinner given at theHoffman House of this City tendered to him by his admirers ofthe Irish Home Rule Club . He manifested a rare civic pride inthe land of his adoption . He often said that he was more American than Irish , having been born on the birthday of our nation ,a fact which perhaps added to his noble sentiments of unswervingloyalty to our great Republic . As a citizen , he was enrolledunder every banner of public utility , and the attention which hebrought to such affairs was more than ordinary. Conspicuousamong his public performances , not too remote to be recalled ,

is the fact that he served as foreman of the Grand Jury duringthe November Term of 1913 and prior to that time he had beenmany tim es a member of that body .

Everything that blended race and creed appealed to his upright fiery soul . He graced the meetings of the Catholic H istorical Society , and his kind and genial countenance brightenedthe halls of the Catholic Club and the assembly rooms of theKnights of Columbus . By birthright he possessed an artistictemperament and , accordingly , manifested unusual fondness forthe great work of the Metropolitan Museum of Art where hefrequently spent afternoons among the choice collections of thatclassic structure .

Worthy of note , and no less strong than his religious and socialaffiliations, was his political creed and his great admiration forJeffersonian simplicity and the ideals of the Democratic party ofwhich he was a true standard bearer .

Among the various organizations , philanthropic and educational, none appealed to his human nature as did the New YorkCatholic Protectory . Here he was known to spend days amongthe many delinquent and destitute little ones , and his purse and

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248 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

of the death of Doctor Thomas Addis Emmet was unanimouslyadopted

Thomas Addis Emmet , who was the third to bear this illustrions name, died at his home at No . 95 Madison Avenue on

March 1st, 1919 in his ninety-first year. He was born at the

University of Virginia near Charlottesville , Virginia on M ay

29th , 1828 . He spent his childhood and youth , except for shortintervals , at that place. His father Doctor John Patten Emmetwas one of the original professors of the University of Virg inia,

having been chosen by its founder Thomas Jefferson. He

was the second son of Thomas Addis Emmet, the patriot of theIrish Revolution of 1798 . He was the philosopher of the Emmetfam ily and left behind him a distinguished name . Doctor

Emmet’

s mother was Mary Tucker of the famous Tucker fam ilyof Virginia.

From his father who was born in Ireland in 1796 and who had

vivid memories of the times of stress and storm that sent his

uncle Robert Emmet to the scaffold and his fam ily into exile,but even more particularly from his paternal grandmother thefamous Jane Patten Emmet, the valiant woman whose name isdear to all who cherish the memories of ’

98 and who survived

until 1846 , Doctor Emmet got the intense love of I reland and of

the traditions of the Irish Race and the passion for religious and

civil liberty that dominated his life . The memory of his grandmother with whom he had lived in closest intimacy was enshrinedin his heart . He spoke of her with loving pride until the very

end of his life .After a short and disturbed period of collegiate life at the University of Virginia , when he was eighteen years old Doctor Emmet decided to follow the ancestral profession and entered Jeffer

son Medical College at Philadelphia in the year 1846 . It is an

interesting fact that he was in the fourth successive generation ofphysicians in his family, his grandfather having been a practicingphysician in Ireland before he took up the profession of the law

in which he won such great distinction .

In 1850 he was graduated as a doctor of medicine. He used to

say that he then came to New York with $3 00 in his pocket and

set up practice charging a quarter for a visit and glad when it was

paid in cash . Through the kindness of friends , he was almost at

once made physician to the Emigrant Refuge Hospital onWards

N ECROLOGY 249

I sland , where he remained for some five years in most active

practice . He gave large credit to these years of labor and evend rudgery, for his subsequent success. In the year 1855 he metDoctor J . Marion Sims , a brilliant name in American med icine ,who had invented methods of surgery in women’s diseases thatstartled the world . The day of this meeting was a blessed onefor womankind . He first became Doctor Sim ’s assistant, laterhis associate and finally his successor as surgeon in ch ief of theWoman

’

s Hospital ,which Doctor Sims founded in theyear of theirfirst meeting.

He leaped into fame at once . When Doctor Sim s , who was aSouthern sym pathizer, left New York for Europe in 186 1 , Doctor

Emmet took his place as the leading gynecologist in New York.

He was then thirty-three years old . God had gifted him withgenius in his chosen field of medicine . He had become a clinical

lecturer to whom surgeons flocked from all over the world . He

discovered facts and invented processes that saved the health andeven the lives of multitudes of women . Before the days of Pasteur

’

s and Lister’s fame , when as he used to say he had neverheard of them , he applied the principles of the antiseptic methodsthat they later developed and made famous . Through hisgenius and his industry, diseases which before his day had destroyed and invalided thousands of mothers every year , have nowbecome medical curiosities . For forty-five years and until theyear 1900, when he had reached his seventy-third year, he stayedin the harness at theWoman ’s Hospital . His fame grew w ith the

years . It has been truly said of him that his discoveries were oftruth and therefore they never became obsolete . In the held of

surgery of the mucous membranes and of plastic surgery generally his name will never be forgotten . He was one of the veryfirst American surgeons to become famous in Europe . H ismonumental book on Principles and Practice of Gynecology "

was published at Philadelphia in 1879 and was reprinted at oncein England and translated into German , French and Spanish .

When his day of final retirement came in 1900he was undoubted lythe most famous gynecologist in the World . He estimated thatbetw een and women had been in his care .Yet this, his great life work was done with the simplicity of achild . A great proof of the nobility of his soul is found in this,that he never knew avarice . He gave generously of his time and

250 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

his means to the poor and the needy, and God rewarded him inthe end with a large fortune.When he retired from active practice in 1895he gave himself to

study and writing. H is library was beautiful both in its booksand their setting. He had as he called it, a hobby for collectingfrom his earliest years and his literary, artistic and historicaltreasures in prints , manuscripts and rare volumes were the envyof other collectors. He travelled widely in his vacation times

and gathered his Stores wisely and generously. I n 1895 he sold

his fam ous collection of“Am ericana ” to M r. John S. Kennedy

who presented it to the Lenox Library as the Emmet Collection. It is now preserved in the New York Public Library.

In April 19 12 a part of his remaining collection was sold for

One of his greatest pleasures was to show the many

treasures that he retained and to point out their uniqueness andinterest.He wrote a great deal in the last tw enty-five years and pub

lished much of it. Several of his volumes are of special interest.

In 1903 he published the monumental book on I rish matters ,Ireland under English Rule " of which a second and revisededition appeared in 1909 . Before this in 1898 he had published

a limited ed ition of what many think to be the best history of afamily written in English . It is entitled “The Emmet Fam ilywith some Incidents relative to Irish History. It is filled withtreasures for the historical student and enriched with rare engrav

ings and other illustrations . He received the Laetare Medalfrom Notre Dame University in that year, in recognition of itsliterary merit. In 1910 he had published by G . P. PutnamCompany a volume of autobiography called Incidents of MyLife ” which is as interesting as a good romance and delightfullycharacteristic of the author whom nobody ever charged withbeing dull or lacking in wit and courage. I n 1915 he publishedThomas Addis Emmet and Robert Emmet. The revised ,enlarged edition of this work he finished just two weeks before

he died .

In his retirement he had a host of friends. He loved to see

them about him and up to the end he was glad to know that theythought of him . He disliked to be forgotten in his age . He

remained in enjoyment of bodily health for many years after

wards. He never was of large fram e or robust body. In the

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252 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

tion of 1903 when eighty-two Irish Nationalists were returned toParliam ent, by means of whom Gladstone passed through theHouse of Commons the first Irish Home Rule bill .A t his death he was probably the most advanced and scholarly

student of Irish literature and history in America . He had in hislibrary many rare works on the subject that he knew thoroughly.

On no topic of this kind was he without knowledge . His conversation was brilliant and a visit to him ended with the gift to thevisitor

’

s mind of novelties and treasures of information on this

difli cult subject .

He cherished the Am erican Irish Historica l Society . He was

one of its earliest members in New York. He took part in its

activities until age crippled him . The Society specially honoredhim by making him the chief guest of honor at its annual dinner

in 1916 and by electing him to honorary membership . He re

membered it in his will . He has given to it generously of his

rich stores of books for their preservation and access by the present and future generations .He received so many public and professional honors in his lifetime that it would be almost impossible to set them down . He

valued most highly of them all , the Knighthood of Saint Gregorywhich Pope Pius X conferred on him in 1906 . The last tributewas given him in the Spring of 19 17 when Bishop Shahan , Presi

dent of the Catholic University of Am erica , came to New York

from Washington to confer on him the degree of Doctor of Letters . H is response to the B ishop ’s address made, it will be

remembered , in his ninetieth year will never be forgotten by hishearers. He spoke with the strength of one of forty and with theearnest words of one chosen of God .

He was married in 1854 to Catherine R . Duncan of Montgomery, A labama . She lived a beautiful life of devotion and

comradeship with him and celebrated with him their Golden

Wedding. She died in 1905. She bore him five children , John

Duncan Emmet, M . D . , Annie Emmet Harris , Robert Emmet,Thomas Addis Emmet , Jr. , and Katherine Erin Emmet of whom

only Doctor John Duncan Emmet, M r. Robert Emmet and Katherine Erin Emmet survive . During the last year his heart was

wrung by the loss of his favorite grandson and namesake Thomas

Addis Emmet Harris who died in France on the field of hono

N ECROLOGY 253

while leading his command as an officer of Field Artillery of theUnited States Army.

Doctor Emmet lived to a great age, more than twenty yearsbeyond the Scriptural time . He wrote these lines of himself inclosing his autobiography :To indicate my insignificant existence in connection with the

affairs of the World , with yet form and being, my life is now as

fragile as a bubble floating on the surface unbroken by a rippleand passing with the current down the great stream of Life andnear its mouth where it is soon to discharge its contents into the

boundless Ocean of Eternity.

”

To these beautiful words we ask leave to add this . WhenDoctor Emmet passed into the great beyond the World lost oneof its gentlest souls , a Christian gentleman , a profound scholar,a lover of the right, a dear friend to multitudes , a benefactor ofmankind of the un ique sort and yet onewho all the while kept theheart of a child and illustrated in his beautiful life the beatitude :Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God .

”

JOHN P. HOPKINS .

A 11 APPRECIATION.

BY P. J . O'KEEF FE .

Seldom , indeed , even in the history of this great metropolishas there been given to Chicago a man of such parts as John FH0pkins :

In any field he would have been a success;the elements were somixed in him that the concrete expression was unusually greathere , indeed , might nature stand up and say to all the world ,there is a man !

He was modest;humility is the handmaid of greatness. He

was silent;charity never is effusive . Hewas brave;friendship is

not the fibre of a coward .

He, above any one who ever graced the mayoralty chair, wasof a type worth while to Chicago— from his pen came the endorsement of the first track elevation ordinance;he gave the peoplemore than they thanked him for then, but he looked not for public applause when he knew what he ought to do , to protect lifeespecially.

254 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STOR I CA L SOCI ET Y .

John P. Hopkins in political life had and held more individual

friends than any one man I llinois ever had , with the possibleexceptions of Lincoln and Grant;in the case of Hopkins , too , thefriends needed no purchase price save the affection they held andthe loyalty they knew reposed in the man they loved .

John P. Hopkins was not vindictive; that so-called qualitybelongs to small bore individuals—Hopkins was a giant in prin

ciple and he never hit below the belt. He may not forget but hefreely forgave;he was a benefactor to some who reviled him .

John Hopkins was an ideal man in physique; he was moreideal in his kindly way . The Creator moulded him majesticallyand handsomely , but the greater mould was the heart;thereinJohn Hopkins was a masterpiece . In truth , indeed , his impresswas stupendous and it will live long as it should and until thefriends once more foregather in the softer sward beyond thebroad river, where we pray and hope and believe our belovedfriend has found peace .

John P. Hopkins , a member of this society since November 12,

1909 and former mayor and secretary of the I llinois state councilof defense , died October 13 , 1918 in Chicago , I llinois .M r. Hopkins was 60 years of age . He was born in Buffalo,N Y . , in 1858 , coming to Chicago in 1880. He began as a ma

chinist for the Pullm an Palace Car Company , remaining thereuntil 1888 , when he went into business for himself as secretary ofthe Arcade Trading Company ,which later became the SecordHopkins Company . He became a director of the Aurora Auto

matic Machine Company, the Chicago and Great Lakes Dredgeand Dock Company, the Independent Pneumatic Tool Companyand the Consumers Company . Every one of his business enterprises was successful .

In politics , M r. Hopkins was a national figure. Aside from

being chosen to fill out the Uarm of the senior Carter H . Harrisonas mayor after the latter was assassinated , he was from 1890 to

1892 chairman of the democratic campaign committee , served as

vice-chairman of the national gold democratic committee in 1896

and was chairman of the democratic state committee from 1901

to 1904 . He was delegate to the democratic national conventionof 1892, 1900 and 1904 .

As mayor of Chicago during part of 1894 and 1895, M r. Hop

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It is requested that notice of the death of members of theSociety be sent to the Secretary-General with published or other

account of the deceased .

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MEMBERSHIP ROLL OF THE AMERICAN IRISH

H ISTORICAL SOCIETY.

HON ORA RY MEMBERS.

HI S EXCELLENCY, WOODROW WILSON, President of the U nited States;Washington, D. C.

HON . EDWARD D. WHITE, Chief Justice of the U nited States Supreme Court;Washington , D. C .

HON . WI LLIAM HOWARD Tm , N ew Haven, Conn.M OS1 REV. DR . DANIEL MANNIX, D.D LL.D., St. Patrick's Cathedral ,

Melbourne, A ustralia .

(Vice-President of the Society forA ustralia.)W. C. DURANT , 1764 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

LI FE M EM BERS.

BARRY, HON . PATRICK T Western N ewspaper U nion, Chicago, I ll.(Member of the Executive Council .)

BOLGER, MISS SALLIE, 241 1 WestWalnut St., Louisville, Ky .

BLAKE , T HOMAS M . , 640West 3 4th St., N ew Y ork City .

BRANN, R 1 . REV . HENRY A ., D.D.,LL.D., 141 East 43 d St N ew York City.

BRENNAN, EDWARD, Shamokin, Pa.

BRENNAN, GEORGE B .,

13 4 Lasalle St., Chicago, I ll.BU TLER , JAM ES, 23 0West 72d St.,

N ew Y ork City.CAM PBELL, HON . JOHN M Lafayette Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

CARTER,Fu n cx , 3 2Westminster St Providence, R . I .

CARTON,REV. JAMES J ., St. Coleman 3 Church, A rdmore, Pa.

CLUNE , FRANK R ., 185 Dundafi St., Carbondale, Pa.

COCKRAN, HON . W. BOURKE, 100 Broadway , N ew Y ork City.CORBETT, CORN ELIU S, 663 E. Jefferson Ave Detroit

,M ich.

(Vice-President of the Society for M ichigan.)CORBETT

,MICHAEL J .

, Wilmington, N . C.

(Vice-President of the Society for N orth Carolina.)Comm , WILLIAM J ., 141 East 951h St., N ew Y ork City.

COLLIN S,MA] .-GEN . DENNIS F ., 63 7 Pearl St., Elizabeth, N . J .

CON LEY, COL. Lom s D., 541 W. 25th St N ew Y ork City(Member of the Executive Council .)

CORCORAN, WILLIAM J 512 Barristers Hall, Boston, Mass.

Cox , T HE R 1 . HON . MICHAEL P.,P.C ., M .D., 26 Merrion Sq.,

Dublin,I reland.

(Vice-President of the Society for I reland.)CRIM M INS, CYRIL , 624 Madison A ve. , N ew Y ork City.

(Ex -Librarian and A rchivist of the Society.)

26 1

262 A M ER I CA N IRISH HI STORI CAL SOCI ET Y.

CUDABY , EDWARD A ., 1 1 1W. Monroe St Chicago, I ll.D2v1112, THOMAS J ., R ochester, N . Y .

DEVLIN, THOMAS, 3 d and Lehigh Aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

Dom n‘

rv, JOSEPH E., 1 15 Bay State R oad, Boston, M ass.

DON03 112, HON . MICHAEL, 26 13 East Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

DONOVAN, E. I M .D Langdon, N O. Dak.

(Vice-President of the Society for N orth Dakota.)Doow v, HON . MICHAEL P., N ational Exchange Bank, Providence, R . I .

(Ex -T reasurer-General and Vice-President of the Society for RhodeI sland.)

Doom v, Wum u J 17 Gaston St., Boston, Mass.DOONER, EDWARD J., Dooner

’s Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa.

DONOVAN, BRIG.-GEN . WILLIAM H.,155 Franklin St., Lawrence, M ass.

DUFFY, REV. FRANCIS P., 23 17 Washington Ave., N ew York, N . Y .

DO P0111 , 6 21123 4 1. Com m , Wilmington, Del.Dm n, Taou s

, 601 West End Ave. , N ew Y ork City.EGAN, J41125 P., 162West 20th St., N ew Y ork City.a v

,JOHN F ., Mutual Bldg. 81 I nvst. C0., Cleveland, Ohio.

FARRELL, WILLIAM J 1 15Maiden Lane, N ew Y ork City.FARRELLY, 5121 3 211 , 9- 15 Park FL, N ew Y ork City.FITZGERALD, HON . JOHN F ., 3 9 Welles Ave. Dorchester, M ass.

FERGU SON, T HOMAS D., 520Walnut St., Phi ladelphia, Pa.

FLYNN,COLONEL DAVID M ., First N ational Bank, Princeton, N . J

(Vioe-President of the Society for N ew Jersey.)

J03 11 J 21 E. 4oth St., N ew Y ork City.GALLAGHER, M .D ., 402 N . 146th St N ew Y ork City.

GALLAGHER, PATRICK, 1 181 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.GAYNOR, PHILIP B., 165 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.02003 204 11 , J0521>3 G ., 53 7 West Broadway, N ew Y ork City.G IBBONS, JOHN T .,

Cor. Poydras and South Peters Sts., N ew Orleans, La.

03 125112, GEORGE J 20 Vesey St N ew Y ork City.

114 5521 1 , HON . T nom s, 73 0 R iverside Drive, N ew Y ork City.

1121121 , C421 . Dom 111ox , 3 25 Central ParkWest, N ew Y ork City.HERBERT, P3 3 51 o11, 176 Broadway 5, N ew Y ork City.

HICKEY, JAMES G ., U nited States Hotel, Boston, M ass

HIGGINS, R OBERT, 4642Lancaster Ave. , Philadelphia, Pa.

JENKI NS, HON . T HEODORE F ., 1 100- 1 102Franklin Bank Bldg., Philadelphia,

Pa.

JOYCE, HENRY L Pier 1 1 , N . R ., N ew Y ork City.(Member of the Executive Council.)

KEARNS, PHI LIP J ., 23 1 1 Concourse, N ew Y ork City.

KEHOB , JOHN F 2 Rector St., N ew Y ork City.KELLY, T nom s HU GHES, 5 Beekman St.K211112mr, J23 2m 3 J0521 3 , 52 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.KI NN EY, T IMOTHY, Cokeville, Wyoming.KNIGHTS 011 51 . Pan lcx , care of John M ulhern, Secretary, 182Second St

SanFrancisco, Cal.Xussn, M J03 11 Loms

, Fernbrook, Bordentown, N . J

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REILLY, T 3 03 4 s F ., Bala, Pa.

R00225, R2v. JO3 11, 756 M ission St., San Francisco, Cal.RYAN, Jm s J 1 13 0 N orth 4oth St Philadelphia, Pa.

R YAN, JAMES T .,P. 0. Box 1010, N ew Y ork City.

R YAN , JOHN D., 3 East 78th St., N ew Y ork City.RYAN, MICHAEL P., 18 Boulevard, R ochelle Park, N ew R ochelle,RYAN, HON . Th omas F ., 858 Fifth Ave., N ew Y ork City.84 552211, R OBERT A 165 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

5011225, PATRICK E., 3 5 Lagrange St., Worcester, Mass.

SPROULE, WILLIAM , Flood Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.SULLIVAN, HON . MARK A ., 23 Duncan Ave., Jersey City, N . J .SULLIVAN, PATRICK, Casper, Wyo.THOM PSON, FRANK BARTON , 127 West Main St Louisville, Ky.

T 3 03 25011 , JAMES P112111, 127 West Main St., Louisville, Ky.

T IERNEY, MYLES, 51 N ewark St.,Hoboken, N . J .T nousw , HON . J03 11 BRUN O, A ltona, N . Y .

T ROY, R OBERT P., 1776 Bush St., San Francisco, Cal.(Vice-President of the Society for California.)

WALSH, N ICHOLAS F ., 3 7 City Hall Pl, N ew Y ork City.

WARD, J . V., Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio.WARNOCK, 011 3 221112 MURRAY, 6560 Harvard Ave., Chicago, I ll.

AN N UAL MEMBERS.

ADAM S, SAM UEL, 3 rd and Westchester Ave., N ew Y ork City.ADAM S, T . ALBEU S, 525West St., N ew Y ork City .

ADAM S, THOMAS EVARTS, 25West s7th St N ew York City.ADAM S, WILLIAM H223 221 , 489 Fifth Ave., N ew Y ork City.

A 3 2211, L1EUT.-COL. G20202 P.,143 8 Belmont St.,Washington, D. C.

A M BERG, J03 11 H 15West Lake St. , Chicago, I ll.BAIRD, HENR Y W 66 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.BALDWIN, JAMES H., 18 T remont St., Boston , Mass.

BALDWIN, J03 11 E., 150th St. and T hird Ave., N ew Y ork City.

BANNON, HENRY G 629 West 1 15th St., N ew Y ork City.BARRETT, ALFRED M ., 165 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

(T reasurer-General of the Society and Member of the Executivecil.)

BARRETT, A NTHONY J . 21 Convent Ave., N ew York City.BARRETT, JOHN J .,

Hobart Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.BARRY, 11011 . FRANK, N ogales, A riz.BA RRY, JAMES H., 1 122M ission St., San Francisco, Cal.BATTLE, HON . 6 20202 GORDON, 3 7 Wall St N ew Y ork City .

BEALIN, JOHN J 23 3 4 Valentine Ave., N ew York City.

BERGEN, WALTER J ., Wilmington, N . C.

BERGIN, PATRICK J 81 Columbia Rd Dorchester, Mass.

B103 4 11, D11. L T ., 1 1 East soth St., N ew York City.BLACK, W3 1 1“ ! Hm on, 55 Liberty St N ew York City.

BLAKE, J03 11 J 5 N orth 29th St., R ichmond, Va.

M EM BERSHI P ROLL. 265

MICHAEL , 149 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

3 1 155, COL. 22114 5 W., 17 1 Wesminster St., Providence, R . I .

BOHAN, OWEN W., 3 14West 51st St., N ew Y ork City.BOLAND, W. I ., T oronto, Canada.

3 0003 22, R ICHA RD P M .D., 1 16 A cademy Ave. , Providence, R . I .

BOWE , A U GU STINE J R . 123 9- 127 N . Dearborn St., Chicago, I ll.

BOWES, EDWARD J ., 1451 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

BOWLER , M ICHAEL P., 4722 N . T alman A ve., Chicago, I ll.HON . P4 12102 J . , N ewport , R . I .

BOYLE, JN o, P., 6900 Sheriden Rd Chicago, I ll.

3 24053 4w , $2201 R ICHARD, Fort Pickens, F la.

BRADY, DAN IEL M ., 95 Liberty St., N ew Y ork City.

BRADY, J03 11 3 115011 , 165 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

3 24DY ,HON . 105223 P., 163 4 West Grace St., R ichmond, Va.

BRADY, OWEN J ., 70 East 129th St., N ew Y ork City.

3 24 11404 11 , Wu.t.14 11 Emmetsburg, I a.

M 422 P. , 1 1 12 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Chicago, 111.3 22211 , HON . MATTHEW P. , 1 15 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.3 2211114 11, 3 2211421) G ., 3 9th and N ormal A ves , Chicago, I ll.3 2211114 11 , REV . EDWARD J . , Waterbury, Conn.3 2211114 11 , HO11. 14 1125 F . , Peterborough , N . H.

(Ex -Historiographer and Vice-President of the Society for N ew Hampshire.)

3 2211114 11 , 103 11 J ., 12Elliot St N ew Haven, Conn.3 2211114 11, J0521>3 P. , 7 Plaza, Brooklyn, N . Y .

BRENNAN, REV . M . J .,Henry, I ll.

3 2211114 11 , P4 12102, 4941 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, I ll.3 2211114 11, P. F ., 3 4 Lincoln St., 3 4 Shamokin, Pa.

3 2211114 11, P. J . ,624 Madison A ve. , N ew Y ork City.

3 2211114 11 , T HOMAS M .,215 East 3 9th St., N ew Y ork City.

3 2211114 11 , REV . T . J ., 4 18 Fifth A ve., San Rafael, Calif.3 22221011 , D. M .,

121 Post St., San Francisco, Cal.3 2211

,FRAN K P., 3 East Main St. , Waterbury , Conn.

3 211 1 , P3 3 32 J ., 27 William St., N ew Y ork City.3 211 1 , T . L. A ., 27 1 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

3 20022102, D4v1D C., 51 Chambers St., N ew Y ork City.

3 20022102, J . 101102, 17 State St., N ew Y ork City.

3 203 22102,WILLIAM J ., 3 09 Bedford Pk. Boul., N ew Y ork City.

3 2023 2,HO11 . 103 11, R idgefield, Conn.

3 2023 11, WILLIAM H. ,Bisbee, Ariz.

3 205114 11, REV. 103 11 , Cornwall-ou-Hudson , N . Y .

BOURKE , R ICHA RD J ., Peoples Bank Bldg., Scranton, Pa.

BROWN, HON . CALVIN L., Chief Justice Supreme Court of M innesota, StateCapitol , St. Paul, M inn.

3 20W11 , 1053 114 ,Hermitage Club, N ashville, T enn.

(Vice-President of the Society for T ennessee.)3 11021211, EDWARD, W. 23 0 sth Ave., N ew Y ork City.BUCKLEY, DR . E. W. ,

625 Lowry Bldg., St. Paul, M inn.

266 A M ERI CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

3 002122, H03 22 1 605 South Clark St Chica go, 111.3 002122, 14 3 25 R ., 3 521 Colnado Ave., Chica go, 111.3 002122, 103 11 1 80Maiden Lane, N ew Y ork City.

3 002122, 103 11 , Elloam , Blaine C0., Mont.3 002122, P12202 E Public Library, Boston, Mass.3 0222, REV. A ., Battle Creek, M ich.3 11222, EUGENE S., 20 Franklin St., Morristown, N . 1.3 0222, a . 3 002112 S., D.O U . S. S. M ichigan care of Postmaster,

N ew York City.3 0222, 14 1125 12W. 92d St. , N ew York City.

3 0222, 103 11 B ., 418 Pembroke Ave., N orfolk, Va.

3 0222, DR . M 421 111 , 147 Lex ington Ave., N ew York City.

3 0222, R02221 B ., 143 2N orth LaSalle St Chicago, 111.3 11222, T 3 03 4 5 E St. Charles, 111.3 11222, WALTER A ., 19 Washington St., N ew York City.

3 11222, Wu.r.14 3 B .,care of 1. L. Carr, Esq ., 13 1 1 Rhode I sland Ave.,Wash

ington, D. C.

3 11222,WILLIAM J ., 27 1 Broadway, N ew Y orkCity.

BURNS, WILLIAM J .,Woolworth Bldg. , N ew Y ork City.

3 022, WILLIAM P., 120 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

3 1111 421) 600 Pearl St., Elizabeth, N . 1.

BUTLER,FRANCIS X Ofiice of Public A dministrator, 148th St. and Third

Ave., N ew York City.P4 12102 F24 11015, M .D., 510 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass.

Wn.1.14 3 , 55 John St., N ew Y ork City.WILLIA M B ., 820West 180th St., N ew York City .

3 01 1 13 22, T 3 03 4 8 H., 18 T remont St., Boston, Mass.BYRNE , GERALD, N orfolk, Va.

3 22112, 14 3 25 L., 53 State St Boston, Mass.

3 112112, R2v. 10521 3 , C. S. S. P., Ferndale, Darien, P. O., Conn.

BYRNE, T 3 03 4 s C., care of Byrne 81 Hammer Dry Goods C0., Omaha, N eb.

CAHILL, 54 111 1400 P., 3 2N assau St., N ew York City.

(Secretary General of the Society and Memberof theExecutive Council.)C4 3 3 .L, REV. WILLIAM F St. M ary

’

5 Church, R iverside, I ll.C4 LL403 4 11 , H011 . 1. C., State A uditor, Phoenix, Ariz.CALLAHAN, H011. C3 2151 023 22 T ., Judge of Superior Court,Holyoke,Mass.

C4 LL4 3 4 N, D. 1 Washington, D. C .

CALLAHAN, P. H., care of Louisville Varnish C0., Louisville, Ky.

CALLAN, 105223 P., 1010

- 12First N ational 3 k. Bldg., M ilwaukee,Wis.CAM PBELL, H011. 14Wall St., N ew York City.CANNON, T nom s H Stock Exchange Bldg., Chicago, I ll.CAM PBELL, FRANCIS A LL.D., 8 Beacon St Boston, Mass.C4 N 1W21.1., R1 . R2v. 103 11 J ., Los A ngeles, Cal.CAREY, P2122 97 Horatio St., N ew York City.CA2211, T 3 03 4 5, Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, I ll.CARMODY, M 421 111 H., Grand Rapids, M ich.CARMODY, T . F ., 3 6 N orth Main St., Waterbury, Conn.C4R1122, 103 11 F 1 18 East 23 5th St., N ew Y ork City .

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268 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

C03 4 L4 N , HON . 103 11 P., 706 St. N icholas Ave., N ew York City .

COKELEY, WILLIAM A ., 3 150E. T remont Ave Bronx, N ew Y ork City.COLBY, 3 4 1112211102, 3 2 N assau St., N ew Y ork City.COLLI N S, WILLIAM , 1916 East 89th St., Cleveland, Ohio.COM I 11SKEY , C3 42L25 H., 3 8 16 M ichigan Ave., Chicago, I ll.C0114 1 Y , REV . 3 . S., 596 Cambridge St., Pittsfield, Mass.

CONBOY, MAR1 111 , 27 Pine St N ew Y ork City.

C0110011 , P. 105223 , Binghamton , N . Y .

CONDON, T . J ., 123 } South 5th St., Springfield, I ll.CONDON, R ICHARD F ., 283 5 Pine Grove A ve., Chicago, I ll.C01122, C4 21 4 111 P4 1R1C2 H., 3 16 Kansas Ave., T opeka, Kan.

(Vice-President of the Society for Kansas.)CONNELL , 1. C01 122, 3 5 N assau St., N ew York City.CONNELL , W. F 16 Court St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

CONNELLY,C02112L105 B ., 252 Court St., Binghamton, N . Y .

CONNELLY, 103 11 M ., 258 State St., Elmira, N . Y .

CONNELLY, L. Captain, U . 5. N avy, U . 5. R eceiving Ship, BayBrooklyn, N . Y .

CO1111225, HON . W3 . Buffalo, N . Y .

C01111222, 103 11 T ., 1804 M cCormick Bldg., Chicago, I ll.C01111222, 105223 F ., 2028 Washington Boul ., Chicago, I ll.C01111222, Wn.1.14 11 P., 506 Western Ave., Lynn , Mass.

CONNOLLY, R2v. A RT 3 U2 T ., 3 65 Center St., R oxbury, Mass.

(3011110222, C4 PT . G20202 F ., Presidio, San Francisco, Cal.CONNOLLY

, H011 . 14 3 25 C. , 120 Broad St., Elizabeth, N . 1.CONNOLLY

, R2v. M . D., 221 Valley St., San Francisco, Cal.CONNOLLY

, 1 3 03 4 5 F . 126 N . Main St., Port Chester, N . Y .

CO1111OR , H011 . 3 211211 G20v25, Wilson, N . C.

CONROY,JAM ES F . Flushing, N . Y .

CONROY,M ICHAEL Boston City Library, Boston, Mass.

CONWAY, 14 3 2s 1 17 East Washington St., Ottawa,I ll.

CONWAY, 14 3 25 P., 296 East T hird St., Brooklyn , N . Y .

CONWAY, P4 12102 1 187 Lex ington A ve N ew Y ork City.

CONWAY, H011 . T 3 OMA S F ., 3 2 N assau St., N ew Y ork City.CONWAY, Wn.1.14 3 H.,

Springfield , I ll.

C011W21.1., 14 3 25, 51 1 U nity Bldg., Chicago, I ll.COO1122, 3 2112-6 211 . M 103 421., U . S. A ., 13 26 I rving St., Washington, D.

C001122, T 2221102, Pittsfield, Mass.

COONEY, T 3 03 4 s F ., 401 Grosvenor Bldg., Providence, R . I .

C020024 11 , CORNELIU S Lawrence, Mass.

(Vice-President of the Society for Massachusetts.)C01 122, 14 3 25 E., 412Sears Bldg., Boston, Mass.

C022, COL. P2122 H., T aunton , Mass.

CORR , 103 11 502A tlantic St Bridgeport, Conn.COSGROVE , 103 11 4Weybosset St., Providence, R . I .

C0003 1.111 , 3 011. 103 11 T Fall R iver, Mass.

Co06 3 1.n1, MICHAEL J ., 178 Bedford St. , Fall R iver, Mass.

COW4 11 , H011 . 103 11 P.,62East l 3 oth St., N ew Y ork City.

MEMBERSHIP ROLL. 269

Cox ,HUGH M ., M .D., 285St. N icholas Ave. , N ew York City.

Cox , MICHAEL H., 4 Goden St. , Belmont, Mass.

Cox , Wn.1.14 11 T ., 12South 2d St., Elizabeth, N . 1.

COYLE, R2v. 14 1125, T aunton , Mass.

CO1122, 103 11 G . , M .D., 220East 3 1st St.,N ew York City.

(Member of the Executive Council .)C01122, M 188 M 4 11, 700Columbia Rd. , Dorchester, Mass.

CR4 1111C3 , Wn.1.14 11, 250 East 2o7th St., N ew York City.CREW, 103 11 B ., 1225Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.C211m n15, C4 P1 . M 421111 L., Presidio of San Francisco, Cal.C2011111 , C021121.105, 3 20 Fifth St East Liverpool, Ohio.02011111 , C011 P., Librarian, State Law 81 Legislative Reference Library,

State House, Phoenix, Ariz.C2051011, 1. F ., M .D., 83 Emerson St., Haverhill, Mass.

CROWE ,BARTHOLOM EW, Spring Valley, N . Y .

C20w11021) , HON . 1121122 P., Greenwich, Conn.CROWLEY, H422Y T 9 1 Essex Ave., Orange, N . 1.

CROWLEY, 1. B ., 86 T h ird St., San Francisco, Cal.CROWLEY,PA 1R I 02 H., 3 01 Congress St Boston, Mass .

C201253 4 112, ALFRED B ., 43 CedarSt., N ew York City .

C022221 , DR . R02221 R ., 3 73 5. Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.CUM M INS, REV. 103 11 P., Roslindale, Mass.

CUNNIN GHAM , HENRY Cambridge, Mass.

C0111111103 4 3 , OW211 A 00051 1112, 253 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.

CURLEY, H011 . 14 1125 M ., Boston , Mass.

CURLEY, 103 11 J ., 52Winthrop St Boston , Mass.

C0224 11 , PH3 4 2 A ., Curran Dry Goods Company,Waterbury, Conn .

C0222, F2411015 A ., 3 8 Park Row , N ew York City .

C021 111 , T HOMA S H4 Y2S, M .D., 3 91 East 149th St., N ew York City .

C05402, T 3 03 4 5, 6548 Washington Boul ., Chicago, I ll.C053 114 3 4 11 , REV. P. M ., St. Joseph

’

s Catholic Church, Ogden, U tah.

DADY, COL. M . Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N . Y .

DAILEY, 14 1125 M . , 549West 3 15t St., Chicago, I ll.DAILEY, M 1S5 M 4 R04221 F ., 204 Columbia Hgts., Brooklyn, N . Y .

DALY, C3 42L25 T 1 1 Monument St.,West Medford, Mass.DALY

,EDWARD 114 113 1011 , 52Wall St., N ew Y ork City.

(Ex -Secretary-General and Member of the Executive Council.)DALY, 1. C., 3 7 18 Clifton Ave., Chicago, I ll.DALY

, 103 11 212 Lenox A ve.,Westfield, N . 1.

DALY, 103 11 S., 51 Chambers St., N ew Y ork City.DALY, T . A ., Catholic Standard and T imes, Washington Square, Philadelphia,

Pa.

D4 12, Wn.1.14 11 820 T remont Bldg., Boston, Mass.

04 114 3 22, 3 011 . P24 11K1.I 11 M ., Bensen Bldg., A lbany, N . Y .

D’A202, 14 1125, Rome, Georgia.

D4vx25, 1. CL4221102, 3 d Ave. and 149th St., Bronx , N ew York City .

DAVITT, 103 11 B ., 3 14 Page St. , San Francisco, Cal.D4wso11, T 3 03 4 5 J ., 945 A rgyle St Chicago, 111.

270 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

D4 11, A21 3 02, 99 John St N ew York City.D421011 , C3 42L25 W., 27 William St., N ew York City.DEASY, HON . DANIEL C., Hall of Justice, San Francisco, Cal.D24 sv, 12221114 3 , 18222d St., San Francisco, Cal.D21 4 1122, VE2Y R2v. 105223 A ., Rector Cathedral of A lbany, 12Madison

PL, A lbany, N . Y .

DELANY, PA 12102 Derrymore, N antucket, Mass.

DELANY, VE2Y R2v. Wn.1.14 11, S.1., Saint I gnatius Hall, 3 5 Lower LeeeonSt., Dublin, I reland.

D2123 4 1112,H011 . F . 3 2Chambers

'St., N ew York City.

DEM P522, 020202 C., Lowell , Mass.

DEM PSEY , Wn.1.14 11 P., care of Dempsey Bleach 81 Dye C0 Pawtucket, R . I .

DE1111211 , R2v. C3 2151023 22, St. T homas Church, Wilmington, N . C.

D2R00, R2v. P2122, 1 127 Corbett St Portland, Ore.

D25110111) , 3 011 . 3 01123 222 818- 819Wells Bldg., M ilwaukee,Wis.D251101111, 3 02221 3 111121 , 1 1 Main St., San Francisco, Cal.D2v1.111 , 14 1125 H., 11 Menlo St., Brighton,Mass.

D2v1.111 , HON . 105223 , A lashielHouse M t. Royal, Bangor, I reland.

D2v1.111, P4 12102 Matawan, N . 1.01025011 , R02221 , Parker, A riz.DI GN 4 N , 1. H., 76 Palm Ave., San Francisco, Cal.Du.r.o11 , 14 1125 510 East 87th St., N ew York City.

m 021 3 , P4 12102 A 00051111, 0pt.D., 744 Lex ington Ave., N ew York City.

D111112211 , T 3 03 4 5, Ogdensburg, N . Y .

D12011 , GEORG2 W., 4255.WellsSt., Chicago, I ll.D1x011 , HON . WARREN, 1 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N . 1.

003 2212, DR . Wu.1.l4 1a Louisville, Ky .

DOHERTY, 1121122 A ., 1 Washington St., Boston, Mass.DOL4 11 , T 3 03 4 5 S., 874 Broadway, N ew York City.D0114 3 02, DA N A ., 178 Essex St., Salem, Mass.

Do114 3 02, R 1 . R2v. P4 12102 14 1125, D.D., 13 th and Bryon Sts., Wheeling,W.Va.

(Vice-President of the Society forWest Virginia.)DON 4 3 02, R . Ogdensburg, N . Y .

(Member of the Executive Council.)DONELAN , DR . T . P., Springfield, I ll.

B O1111E1.1.Y , G20202 B ., 917 Chestnut Pa.

DONNELLY, 14 1125 F ., 41 Park Row , N . Y .

DONNELLY, M 4 1 1 3 2w , 513 4 N orth Broad St Philadelphia, Pa.

DONNELLY, H011 . T 3 03 4 5 F ., 51 Chambers St., N ew Y ork City.DONOVAN , CORNELIU S , 1 160 Broadway, N ew Y ork City .

DONOVAN, COL. HENRY F ., 179 West Washington St., Chicago, I ll.DONOVAN

,H222221 D. A .,

P3 .D., 121 Decatur St., Brooklyn , N . Y .

D0N 0V4 11 , 14 1125, Potsdam, N . Y .

DONOVAN,H011 . 12221114 3 , South N orwalk Conn.

DONOVAN, 103 11 105223 , 1210 Garden St Bellingham, Wash.

DONOVAN , MRS. N ELLIE M OM ., 219 Cole St., San Francisco, Cal.DONOVAN, DR . S. B ., 8 Wing St., N ew Bedford, Mass.

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272 A M ER I CA N 12153 HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

3 112103 1 , P4 12102, 453 0 N orth A lbany Ave.,Chicago, 111.

3 112103 1 , T 3 03 4 5 412Fletcher St., Lowell , Mass.3 051 402, M 155 12111112 A ., Victoria A partments, 97th St. and R iverside

Drive , N ew York City.3 051 402,

M 422 S., Boonton, N 1.

3 4 3 221 11, M I C3 AEL 273 5 Pine Grove Ave.,Chicago, 111.

3 4 3 11, T 3 03 4 5 A ., 1609 N . 10 St., Philadelphia, Pa.

3 4 3 11, WALTER T 3 03 4 s, 607 Lincoln Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

3 4 1 4 3 22, 103 11 120West 591h St., N ew York City.

3 42221 1 , 103 11 T ., M .D.,1488 Westminster St., Olneyville Station,

dence, R . I .

3 421211, R 103 421) H., 9 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.3 42221 1 11, 3 24 112 T .,25FortSt., Springfield,Mass.3 42221 1 11, T . CHARLES, 9 Park PL, N ew York City.3 221211, WILLIAM J ., 203 Eddy St., Providence, R . I .

3 2111011 , 103 11 T ., 55Liberty St., N ew York City.3 2111125511, R ICHARD Postmaster, Danvers, Mass.

3 1111211, 14 1125 D., Board of T rade, N orfolk, Va.

FINN, REV. T 3 03 4 5 St. Mary’s R ectory, N orwalk, Conn.3 11111

,R 103 422 1217 A shland Block, Chicago, I ll.

3 11111204 11 , P. 53 6 Rookery Bldg., Chicago, I ll.04 11121. 2442 N orth A lbany Ave., Chicago, I ll.0251101111, Brookline, Mass.

3 011 . 14 1125, 149 East 7gth St., N ew Y ork City.

FITZGERALD,HON . 14 1125 REGAN, 163 East 83 d St., N ew York City .

103 11 7 Carroll St Hammond, I nd.

M 155 M 42021 1 4 A ., P. 0. Box 52, G ilroy, Cal.13 0114 5 3 Elmira, N . Y .

3 011. W11 1 14 11 T . A . , Court House, Boston, Mass.

3 1120122011 , 103 11 C., 43 1 Fifth Ave., N ew York City.3 11224 12102, 3 22222102 3 0 Church St., N ew York City.3 11224 12102, 14 1125 C., 244 West Broad St., T amaqua, Pa.

3 11224 12102, 14 11, 3 21 Bedford Pk. Boul ., New York City.

3 11224 12102, REV. M ALLI CK 3 75 Lafayette St., N ew Y ork City.

3 1 4 3 221 11, 14 1125 A ., 714 Hale Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

3 1 4 11404 11 , M 103 421 41 Pacific St., Bridgeport, Conn.

3 1 4 11104 11 , 103 11 , 3 rd Ave. and l 5oth St., N ew Y ork City.

3 12111110, C01 . P3 3 12 3 R . 7 10, U . 5. Army Bldg.,Whitehall St N ew

Y ork City.3 12111110, 14 1125 W., Keenan Bldg T roy, N . Y .

3 12111110, 103 11 415 T ama Bldg., Burlington, I a.

3 12111110, 14 1125 D., 127 Ferry St. , T roy, N . Y .

3 12111110, R2v. T . RAYMOND, Harbor Beach, M ich.

3 12103 22, Wn.1.14 11, Box 49 , R . 3 . Canaan, N . Y .

3 1 111111 , 81223 211 , LL.D., 145Moore St. , Lowell, Mass.3 1 111111 , T 3 03 4 5 A ., Phoenix, Ariz.3 1 111111 , T 3 03 4 5 P., 13 3 West Washington St Chicago, I ll.3 01211, 04 11121 , 108 N orth Delaware St. , I ndianapolis, I nd.

MEMBERSHIP ROLL. 273

3 01211, 6 421 . 04 11121 P., T he Cairo, Washington, 0. C.

M 25. M . H. 183 7 Main St. , Bridgeport , Conn.Fox , W3 1 14 11 E Mercantile Library Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio.3 24 1125, 14002, 5052Ellis Ave. , Chicago, I ll.3 24w1211, H011 . 14 1125, 180East 95th St., N ew York City.

3 24w1211, M1SS 105223 1112, 180 East 95th St., N ew York City .

6 42211211, HON . T . 51 . 103 11 , care of M ichael Francil oyle, Land T itleB ldg., Philadelphia,

Pa.

6 4 11 403 22, C3 42125 H. , 1 1 Riverdrive A ve., T renton, N . 1.6 41 1 403 22, 04 11121 P. , 3 9 West 1281h St. , N ew Y ork City .

6 4 1 1 403 22, 14 1125, Cleveland , N . Y .

6 4 1 1 403 22, 14 1125 T . , M .D ., 20 Monument Sq Charlestown, Mass.

6 4 1 1 403 22, T . 165 South Water St., Chicago, I ll.6 4 11 104 11 , 103 11 105223 , M .D ., Cullen Hotel, Salt LakeICity , U tah .

(Vice-President of the Society for U tah .)6 41 11111 , T IM OTHY P., Valparaiso, Ind.

6 4 11212, HON . R02221 14025011 , Y ankton, South Dakota.

(Vice-President of the Society for South Dakota.)6 4 N 11011 , 3 24 N 2 S., 55Liberty St N ew Y ork City.6 4 112011 , 3 24 112 S. , 2 Rector St., N ew York City.

(Member of the Executive Council .)6 4202, 105223 A ., 95Hillside Ave. , Waterbury, Conn .6 42211, EU GENE 1 19 Forrest Ave., R ockford, I ll.6 42211, 3 1102112 L., 208 South La Salle St Chicago, I ll.GARLAND, LOU 15 P. , Revenue A gent

’

s Office, Boston , Mass.

6 42211 11, H211211, 425 Fifth Ave., N ew York City.

6 42v4 11, HON . 3 24 11015 P., 1 15 Broadway, N ew York City .

6 4211211, R ICHARD , 527 R iverside Drive, N ew York City .

6 4 V204 N , H011 . EDWARD J ., 51 Chambers St., N ew York City .

GAVIN , 105223 R ., Erie County Bank B ldg., Buffalo, N . Y .

6 4vn1 , R ICHARD L, 127 N orth Dearbom St., Chicago , Ill .6 21 53 211211 , W3 1 14 11 H., 8 1 Fulton St., N ew York City.

50041 1111 02 51 . 10114 1 1115 C3 0203 , Hayes and Shrader Sts.,

San Francisco , Cal.6 2003 204 11 , C3 42125 A ., 53 7West Broadway, N ew York City.

6 1220115, M 103 421 , Cullen Hotel , Salt Lake City, U tah .6 121 111 , 103 11 A ., 10 East Main St., I lion , N . Y .

6 11 1, 14 1125, 3 76 T welfth St.

,Brooklyn , N . Y .

6 3 1224 11 , H011 . T 3 03 4 s, 49 Chambers St N ew York City.

6 3 125212, M RS. M . V., 1sa Farwell Place, Cambridge, Mass.

6 3 114 11 , 103 11 B ., 43 Hawkins St., Boston , Mass .

6 3 24 1210, H011 . W4 1 122 M ayor of Saco, Me.6 124 5011

, 103 11 H.,25 N orth Pearl St A lbany , N . Y .

6 124 5011 , 105223 105 Fulton St N ew York City.6 1225011 , W3 1 14 11 A T orrington, Conn .6 1 111111, H011 . M 421 111 H A lbany, N . Y .

6 002111 , L4W221102, 26 Liberty St., N ew York C ity.

6 022, HON . 103 11 W., 3 19 West 1o4th St N ew York City.

274 AMERICAN 1213 3 HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

6 0211411 , 14 1125 4901 Sheridan Road, Chicago, 111.6 02114 11, 103 11 Stephen Girard Bldg .,

Philadelphia, Pa.

6 02114 11 , P4 12102 3 A lexandria, Va.

6 02114 11, P4 12102, 599 East 13 4th St., N ew York City.6 02111211, 14 1125 916 St. Marks Ave., Brooklyn , N . Y .

6 0021211, 11011. W3 1 14 11 B ., Paterson , N . 1.

6 2402, 11011. 103 11 P., Mayor of Charleston , 5. C.

6 2402, 105223 P., 7 Hanover Square, N ew Y ork City.

6 24 3 4 11, 11011 . 14 1125 M ., Springfield, 111.

6 24 3 4 11, W3 1 14 11 J ., 3 23 2South Park Ave., Chicago, 111.6 2122111, REV . E. Governor’s I sland, N . Y .

6 2122111, 103 0 C.,Skowhegan, M e.

6 2122111 , 51223 211 D., 93 3 5West A dams St Chicago, 111.6 211125, R 1 . REV. 103 11 , Syracuse, N . Y .

(Vice-President 01 the Society for N ew York.)6 022111, 11011. M . 11211211, County Bldg ., Chicago , 111.

6 022111, HON . 14 1125 1 M .D . 4 Edgehill Ave., Montreal , Canada.

6 03 203 2, FRAN CI S P., Waterbury, Conn .6 02211, T 3 03 4 5 care of Orinoko M ills, 215-219 Fourth Ave., N ew York

City.114 42211 , 103 11 H 284 Kingston Ave., Brooklyn , N . Y .

1140221 1 , 1. D., 2East 23 rd St., N ew York City .

1140221 11, C. H.,D istrict Passenger A gt., Pa. Lines, T odd Bldg ., Louisville,

Ky .

1140221 11, 14 1125 B ., 517 Duboce Ave., San Francisco, Cal.H400221 11, 1. 11211211, 50South St., N ew Y ork City.

114 11 , Ross C ., 3 09 South Scoville Ave., Oak Park , 111.H41 1224 11 , 11011 . 103 11 J ., 3 1 16th St. , Browne Park, Flushing, N . Y .

1141 1211, C3 42125 V., 756 East 17sth St., N ew York City.1141 1211, W3 1 14 11 P. J ., 13 9 N orth Clark St., Chicago, I ll.1141 1 1114 11, 14 1125 T ., 3 5 N assau St., N ew York City.

1141 1024 11 , 103 11 H. ,213 6th Ave., N ew York City.

1141 1024 11 , W3 1 I A 11 3 09 Main St., Salt Lake City, U tah .

1141 1 104 11, PA TR I CK Reading Clerk, House of R epresentatives, Washington, D. C.

114 113 1 , HON . 14 1125 A ., 23 9 Washington St., Jersey City, N . 1.114 112011, 11011. 3 1221002, 3 1 16 M ichigan Ave., Chicago, I ll.114 111211, M 1SS $424 3 27 East 72d St., N ew York City.

114 N 1011 , P. J ., 6 13 Paul-Jones Bldg., Louisville, Ky .

114 11114 , M OS1 R2v. 150q J ., 1 100 Franklin St., San Francisco, Cal.114 11114 , W3 1 14 11 W3 50N . Hotel Majestic, Philadelph ia, Pa.

114 11114 11 , M 1SS 3 24 11025, 523 Stratford PL, Chicago, I ll.114 11114 11 , T 3 03 4 5 3 . 1 Chappaqua, N . Y .

114 111110411 , 103 11 B ., 206 Barrister’

s Hall , Boston , Mass.

H4201110, 103 11 P., 19 N orth Clark St., Chicago, I ll.114221115, R T . REV. M 4 1 1 3 2w

, 3 0FennerSt., Providence, R . I .

H4211211, 103 11 M I tem Bldg., Lynn , Mass.

11422104 11 , 103 11 3 66 High St., Worcester, Mass.

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276 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

HOR104 11, 11011. C021121 105, 229-23 1 Main St., Biddeford, Me.

11ow121 1 , 103 11 , 49 Portland St., Boston, Mass.

H022, 6 3 42125 T . , 10High St Boston, Mass.

HUG3 ES, M 421 111 , Hibbing, M inn.H003 25, P4 12102 L. , 454 West 14th St., N ew York City.

HU BBARD,H. WARREN, 47 West 3 4th St., N ew York City.

HU03 ES, R2v. W3 LI4 11 D.D. , 144 West 90th St. , N ew York City.

H011122, 3 22022102 C 80 Maiden Lane, N ew York City .

11021 211, 14 1125 H. , 3 01 U nion T rust Bldg., Providence, R . I .

HURLE11, 14 1125 55-

57 Franklin St., N ew York City.

H021211, 11011 . 103 11 Salem , Mass.

HU RLE11, T 13 01 3 11 3 653 Grand Boul . , Chicago, I ll.HUR S1 ,

W3 LI4 11 H. , 26 Beaver St., N ew York City .

11055211, 0. B ., 815 Federal R eserve Bank Bldg. , St. Louis, Mo.11055211, 3 0W420 Vice-President Commercial Bank, A lbany, N . Y .

H1111ES, T 3 O114 S W., 13 3 2 Pacific St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

1002,11011 . M 103 421 L., 543 4 Cornell A ve., Chicago, I ll.

I RVING, 11011 . 103 11 J ., Mayor, Binghamton, N Y .

14025011 , 6 3 42125 A .,Waterbury, Conn.

JAMES, JOHN W. , 603 Carlton Road, Westfield, N . 1.

121121115011 , R 103 420 C., 289 Washington St N ewark, N . 1.

12111111105, M 103 4 21 753 T hird A ve., N ew York City.

12111111105, T 3 03 4 5 C ., 183 4 East 55th St. , Cleveland, Ohio.103 115011 , AL2RED J . , Room 1409, Hotel Plaza, N ew York City.

103 115011 , M 25. M AR 11 H.,care of Humboldt State Bank, Humboldt, I a.

JONES, P401 , 3 8 Park Row ,N ew York City.

101125, H011 . R 103 4 20 M ayor, Sebring, Ohio.10204 11, M I CH4 EL J ., 3 0 State St., Boston, Mass.

101102, BER11420 J ., 45Grover Ave Winthrop Highlands, Boston, Mass.101102, 103 11 20 Vesey St N ew York City.

10002, 103 11 H., 26 1 Broadway, N ew Y ork City .

10002,P4 1 R 102 J .

,Holyoke, Mass.

101102, M 25. M AR 11 7 18 St. N icholas Ave., N ew Y ork City.

K4 112, M 402102, 606 M ichigan Ave., Chicago, I ll.KAVANAGH, 11011. M 42005, County Bldg., Chicago, I ll.K242115, BERNARD T 68th St., and East R iver, N ew York City .

KE4 R11S, 11011 . HU G3 206 South Hamlin Ave., Chicago, I ll.K2222, P4 12102 H., M .D., 257 Benefit St Providence, R . I .

K2EFE, REV. W3 1 14 11 A .,St. John’s Church, Plainfield, Conn.

K2204 11, 02. EDWARD, St. John’s, N ewfoundland.

KE2L211, 14 1125, T he Herald, Chicago, I ll.KEE114 , M1SS M 4211 A ., 48 West 84th St., N ew York City.K22114 N , 3 24 112,

191 1 1111c R oad, Hollywood, Cal.K22114 11, J03 11 1 P. 0. Box 45, Boston, Mass.

K22N 4 11, T 3 03 4 5 J ., 709 Peoples T rust Co. Bldg., Binghamton, N . Y .

K23 02, M 103 421 P Law Bldg., Baltimore, Md.(Vice President 01 the Society for Maryland.)

K2103 22, 3 0W420 P4 12102, 126 N orth A ustin A ve., Oak Park, 111.

MEMBERSHIP ROLL. 277

K21123 22, 04 11121 , 1 1 16 Spring St., Seattle, Wash.KELLER , 105223 W., 27 1 Broadway, N ew York City.

KELLE11, 6 011114 11022 14 1125 00001 4 55 1222010, 25East 83 d St., N ew YorkCity.

KELLE11, 103 11 B ., 60 Broadway, N ew York City.

KELL11, 04 11121 62Washington St.

,Valparaiso, I nd.

K21 1 11, 02111115 1 N orth State St., Chicago, I ll.

KELL11, 6 2212002 B .,

M .D., 507 Madison Ave. , N ew York City.

KELL11, 11011 . 103 11 Register, U . 5. Land Office, Pierre, South Dakota.

KELL11, 105223 T 3 O114 S, 275 Lombard St., N ew Haven, Conn.

KELLY, P. Main St., Buffalo, N . Y .

KE114 3 , 103 11 Elizabeth, N . 1.

KEN E011, A R THU R , 44 Barclay St., N ew York City.K211112011, 6 3 42125 Brewer, Me.KENN EDY, 04 11121 , Elm ira, N . Y .

KENNEDY, 14 1125 8 South Dearborn St., Chicago, I ll.KENNEDY, 103 11 J ., 2925 Briggs Ave., N ew York City.

KENN EDY, 11011. M . 3 2 Broad St.,Charleston, S. 6 .

K211112011, T 3 0114 5 Amsterdam, N . Y .

K211112011, WAL122 G ., M D 621 Dorchester St.W., Montreal, Canada.

K211112011, P4 12102 H., 57 Broad St., Charleston, 5. C.

KE11112LL11, B2114 11 L., 156 Broadway, N ew Y ork City .

K21111211, 04v10 T ., Plainfield, N . J .

K2004 11 , P. N . Y . A thletic Club, N ew York City .

KEOGH, T HO114 S 23 3 Broadway , N ew York City.K22211, 103 11 B ., T remont and A rthur Ave., N ew Y ork City.

KER11211, 14 1125, 3 73 State St., Trenton , N . 1.

K2111111, REV. M 103 421 , S.1., Loyola University, N ew Orleans, La.

(Vice-Pres ident of the Society for Louisiana.)K222, R02221 B402, 74 Broadway, N ew York City .

K122114 11, P4 12102, 200West 72d St., N ew York City.

K122114 11 , P2122 D., Arkay Bldg., A lbany, N . Y .

K100211 , 103 11 A .,125West St., Hyde Park, Mass.

K3 LEE11 , H211211 W., 73 4 R ichmond Ave. , Bufialo, N . Y .

K3 LI O11, B2211420 18 T remont St., Boston, Mass.

K3 11421 111, T HO11A S 1 M .D., Waterbury, Conn .K3 ROE , EDWIN P., 51 East 42011St N ew York City.

K1110,H011 . 103 11 T .,

1 10Waldemere Ave., Bridgeport, Conn.K1110, PERCY J ., 52Wall St., N ew York City.

KI 11SEL4 , 103 11 509 Gorham St., Lowell , Mass.

K111521 1 4 , R2v. W3 1 14 11, 7200 Merrie] Ave., Chicago, I ll.101151211, 105223 T ., 140 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.

K12211, 103 11 3 2 N assau St N ew York City.

KI 203 1122, M 155 3 1 1 4 , 87 State St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

KNOX, REV. P. B .,St. Patrick’s Church, Madison ,Wis.

K1112, 02. 14 1125 022, 167 West 7 15t St., N ew York City.

K11112, P4 12102 V., 228 West 420St., N ew York City.

L4 3 2, N I CHOL4 S, U niversity City ,St. Louis Co.,

M 0.

278 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

LANNON, JOSEPH F ., 68 Main St Susquehanna, Pa.

LARKIN, WILLIAM P., 461 4th Ave., N ew York City.L422111 , R0222

'

r B ., Streator, I ll.LAVERY, 14 1125 F 99 Reade St N ew York City.

L4w122, 14 1125 G .,St. Charles, M o.

L4w122, 10211 F ., City Sergeant, N orfolk, Va.

L4W122, T HOMA S B ., 70 Fifth Ave., N ew York City.

(Ex -Librarian and Archivist of the Society .)L4w102, 14 1125, Manager St. 1ames Hotel, Sapulpa, Okla.

L4w102, H011 . WILLIAM P., Wells Fargo Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.LAWRENCE, M 25. JOSEPHINE H., 93 6 Sunnyside Ave., Chicago, I ll.LAWRENCE, 105222 W., 156 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.LEARY, 122211142 D., 246 Clark Pl Elizabeth, N . 1.LEE, LAWRENCE P Dept. Commerce and Labor, Ellis I sland, N . Y .

LECHE, HON . PAUL , Donaldsonville, La.

L201122, Wm mu G ., 2950 Logan Boul., Chicago, I ll. “

LENIHAN, R T . REV. M . C., Great Falls, Mont.(Vice-President of the Society for Montana.)

LEN N ox , GEORGE W., Haverhill, Mass.

LESLIE, 524 112, “T he Cedars,” PortWashington, L. I .

LEWIS, 240021! J ., M 268 Westminster St., Providence, R . I .

LIN EHAN, REV. T . P., Biddeford, Me.LOFT , H011 . G20202 W., 400 Broome St N ew York City .

LOGAN, 14 1125 F . , 97 A lban St., Dorchester, M ass.

L0110, 14 1125 A ., 227 West 6oth St., Chicago, Ill.LOUGHLIN, R2v. 1021: J ., 13 9 West 3 6th St N ew York City.

LUCEY, HON . P. 928 Otis Bldg., Chicago, I ll.LYMAN, W. H. R oom 1520, 155 N orth Clark St., Chicago, I ll.LYNCH, 122211142 105222, 127 Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn, N . Y

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LYNCH, M 421 1»: F ., Lamartine Ave. and 5th St., Bayside, N Y .

LYNCH, M 155 MARY B ., 8792 17th Ave Brooklyn, N . Y .

LYNCH, M 102421 LE2A 112, 425Hamilton Ave., Jackson, M iss.LYON, 14 1125 B A lbany, N Y .

Lvor15, DAVID J ., 3 3 3 Fifth Ave., N ew Y ork City.

LYONS, JOHN, 10 Victoria St., Dorchester, Mass.

LYONS, REV. WILLIAM ,19 St. Mary ’s Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

MACDONALD, 020202, 3 15West 90th St., N ew York City .

M ACDWYER , PATRICK S., Municipal Bldg., N ew York City.MACGU IRE, CONSTANTINE J ., M .D 120 East 6oth St., N ew Y ork City.

M cAnoo, H011 . 3 00 Mulberry St., N ew York City.

(Ex President-General of the Society.)M CALEEN AN , A RTHUR, 3 90West End Ave., N ew York City .

M CA 1 222, GEORGE, M .D., Worcester, Mass.

MCALEVY, JOHN F . , 26 N orth Main St., Pawtucket, R . I .

M CALISTER, 10211, 165 Meeting St Charleston, 5. C.

M CA ULIFFE, 02111115 A ., 1459 Lex ington Ave., N ew York City.

M CBRIDE, D. H., 41 Park Row , N ew York City.M CCABE, R2v. F X., 1010Webster Ave., Chicago, I ll.

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M cG11 1211 , M1SS 151 124 2212, 4541 N orth Paulina St Chicago, Ill.M cGnm cvnmr, H011 . D. J ., Lewiston, Me.MCG INLEY, Wn.1 14 11 J ., 420 Convent A ve., N ew York City .

M CG I N N EY , 10211 H., 766 M cA llister St. , San Francisco, Cal.MCGIVNEY, REV. P. J ., 3 99 Ogden St., Bridgeport, Conn.MCGLYNN, T HOMAS P.,

Montclair, N . J .

MCGLYNN, 04 11121 , 527 N orth 9th St., East St. Louis, I ll.M cGOL2102, R 1 . R2v. M 02. EDWARD J . , 84 Herbert St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

M CGOORT Y , HON . 10211 P., A ppellate Court, Boulevard Bldg., Chimgo, I ll.MCGOVERN, M . H., R oom 563 , M ccormick Bldg., Chicago, Ill.M cG0v2211 , P4 12102, 50East 42nd St. , N ew Y ork City .

M cG24 ‘

12, A RTHU2 R ., 3 749 Rokeby St., Chicago, I ll.MCGRATH, R . M ., 26 East 1 1th St., N ew York City.M cG24 '

12, C421 . T 2024 5 F ., 3 7529th St., San Francisco, Cal.M eG224 1 , H011 . LAWRENCE, 476 Bradford Ave., M ilwaukee,Wis.

M c 22, HO11 . EDWARD J ., 51 Chambers St., N ew Y ork City.(Member of the Executive Council.)

MCGU IRE, FRANK A ., M .D., 73 East 85th St N ew York City.M cG0122, 14 1125 K., 42Elm St., N ew R ochelle, N Y .

MCGU IRE, JOHN C., Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N . Y .

MCGU IRE, CONSTANTINE B ., T reasury Dept., Washington, D. C.

M cG0122, 02. M . G ., 4746 Ellis Ave., Chicago, I ll.MCGU IRE, P. H., 1267 Frick Building A nnex, Pittsburgh, Pa.

M cG022111 , F . B ., 3 2Main St., Salt Lake City , U tah.MCC UBBIN, 14 1125, 1400 Grand Concourse, N ew York City.M cH4 12, M 42m 1

, 55 Cedar St., N ew York City.M c I 11221122, 14225 S., 503 3 Washington Boul., Chicago, I ll.MCI SAAC, DANIEL V., 905 Barristers Hall, Boston, Mass.

MCKENNA, 14 1125 A . , 80 Maiden Lane, N ew York City.

M cK2N 114 , 10211 J ., 3 83 7 Archer Ave., Chicago, I ll.M cK2N 114 , T2024 5 P.,

654 West End Ave., N ew York City.M CK12211011, C242125 F ., 23 3 U nion St., Jersey City , N . 1.

M cK111122, 10211 P R oom 712, Conway Bldg., Chicago, I ll.M cK111122, HON . L. M ., 83 5 County Bldg., Chicago, Ill.M cL40021 111, A1 01120 G ., of M cLaughlin 81 Stern, 15William St.,

M cLA UGm JN , J . J ., Hibernia Bank, N ew Orlea ns, La.

M cL4 0021111, 10211 , 3 46 East 815t St., N ew Y ork City.M cL4 0021 111, HON . 10211 J., 29 South La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.M cL4 0021 111, HON . 105222, 16 19 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

M cL001 111, R m. 10211 J ., 9 Le Roy St Binghamton, N . Y .

M cM 42011, EDWARD, 100 Broadway, N ew York City .

M cM 42011, R2v. 10211 W., St. Mary’s Church, Charlestown, M ass.

M CM 4 N 05, 14 1125 H., 105West 28th St., N ew Y ork City.M cM 4205, T E2E1102 J ., 170 Broadway, N ew York City.

M eN 4202, 14 1125 F ., 144 West 92d St., N ew Y ork City.

M cN 4 11424 , T2024 5 C242125, M .D., 6 13 Hudson St., Hoboken, N . 1.M CN ARY, HON . Wm mu S., 268 Washington St Boston, M ass.

M EM BERSHIP ROLL. 28 I

MCN AM EE, REV . W. J ., 7 18 West A dams St., Chicago, Ill.MCPARTLAND, 10211 B ., 55 Park St. , N ew Haven, Conn.MCPARTLAND, STEPHEN J ., 673 Eighth Ave.,

N ew York City.

M cQ04m , Wn.1‘

14 11 A ., 165West 10th St., N ew York City .

M 0524 112, 14 1125 C., 3 9 La Salle St Chicago, I ll.MCQUEEN EY, M 155 MARY, 13 2West 79th St., N ew York City.

MCSWEEN EY, 021115 FLORENCE, 51 1 Fifth Ave. ,N ew Y ork City.

MCT IGUE , 10211 G ., 3 46 Broadway, N ew York City.M cW4 1 122s, 10211 P., 3 0 Church St.,

N ew York City.

MCSWEENEY, EDWARD J ., Framingham, Mass.

(Member of the Executive Council.)MADDEN

, 10211 , Wichita, Kan.

MAGINNIS, T . H., 5000 Baltimore Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

(Vice-President of the Society for Pennsylvania.)M 4 GN22, T HOMAS, 87 N orth Prospect St., Burlington, Vt.

(Vice-President of the Society for Vermont.)M 4 GN E2, T2024 5 J .,

175West Jackson Boul ., Chicago, I ll.M 4 024 N2, P. B ., 13 3 Market St., Lynn, Mass.

M 4 024 12, 02. 10211 F . , 1 19 East 3 oth St., N ew York City.

M 4 GU 122, 10211 F ., 1520West Market St., Bethlehem,Pa.

M 4222, 10211 L., 15 Kemble St., U tica , N . Y .

M 4 BE2, M 102421 B ., 1420 U nity Bldg., Chicago, I ll.M 4222, 81222211 J . , M .D., 212Orange St., N ew Haven, Conn.M 420112Y , DANIEL EMM E1 , Keyport, Monmouth C0.,

N . 1.

M AHON EY, 04 11121 S., 277 Broadway, N ew York City.

MAHONEY, E. S.,Portsmouth, Va.

MAHON EY, JEREM IAH, Casper,Wyo.

M 420N EY , JOHN J ., Principal State N ormal School, Lowell, Mass.

M 4201122, 10211 P. S., Lawrence, Mass.

MAHONEY, BERNARD 1 A shland Block, Chicago, I ll.M 4201122, JOHN J ., 3 942West Jackson Boul. , Chicago, I ll.MCSWEEN EY, 14 1125 B ., 6 18 West 142nd St., N ew York City .

M 420112Y , 105222 P.,69We5t Washington St., Chicago, I ll.

M 4 201122, T 1201“ , 840 Ogden St Denver, Colo.M ALO112, H011. 0001211 F 121 0, 50 East 42nd St., N ew York City.

MALON E, HON . 10211 F ., 290 N orth St., Buffalo, N . Y .

MALONE, JOHN T Louisville, Ky ., care of Fidelity T rust Co.

M 4 101122, 10211 H., 16 19 Greene St Harrisburg, Pa.

M 4 11424 11 , M 1SS M 422 G ., 3 4 Jefierson Ave., Brooklyn, N . Y .

M 4 N N225, 1. HARTLEY Lotos Club, 1 10West s7th St., N ew York City.MANN ING, JOSEPH P 66 Crawford St R oxbury , Mass.

M A POTHER , W. L., Louisville, Ky.

MARKEY, COL. EUGEN E L Duplex Printing Co.,Battle Creek, M ich .

M 4 2524 1 1 , REV. GEORGE F . , St. Peter’

s Church, N orthWalpole, N . H.

M 421211, F24 N 2, Box 75, Plattsburgh, N . Y .

MARTI N, J . F ., Green Bay ,Wis.

M 421 111,P4 12102, 2496 E St., San D iego, Cal.

M 421111, W11 1 14 11 J ., 64 Wall St N ew York City.

282 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

M 4 55422112, W111 14 11 G ., 15East 4oth St., N ew Y ork City.M ASSEY, 10211, Pensacola, Fla.

M AYN ES, MICHAEL, Jefierson House, Boston, Mass.

M 2402, R102421> W. , 1701 Dime Bank Bldg., Detroit, M ich.M 240222, F22022102 J ., 222Front St., Binghamton, N . Y .

M EAGHER, FRANCIS T ., 3 06 Blue Hills Parkway, Mattapan, Mass.

M 2D22, M 25. L2011024 , 13 9 N orth Clark St., Chicago, I ll.M 22, HON . JOHN J ., Woonsocket, R . I .

M 22, REV. PA TR I CK J .,Holy T rinity R ectory, Mamaroneck, N . Y .

M 2102m , HON . P2122 W., 1007 N ational Bank Bldg., Savannah, Ga.

M 2Y225, J . J ., Carroll, I a.

MINTURN, HON . 14 1125, A ssociate Justice Supreme Court, N . 1 Hoboken,

M 11c221 1 , G20202 H. B ., 142West 72d St., N ew York City.M 1102211 , Wn.1 142 L. , 219 West 81st St., N ew York City.

MOLONEY, F220 G ., 428 Peeples Gas Bldg., Chicago, I ll.M OLOM , F24 112 T ., 207 West 13 1st St., N ew York City.

MOLONY, HENRY A ., 1 12 Rut St. , Charleston, S. C.

MONAHA N, F24 112 D., 53 State St., Boston, Mass.

-MON424N, 105222 N ., 58 Belmont St., Providence, R . I .

M 011024 11, EDWARD S., St. Matthews, Ky .

MOONEY, EDM UND L., 3 8 Pine St.,N ew York City.

M OO11“ , LOU 15 M M .D., 164 West 76th St., N ew York City.MOON EY, MICHAEL P., 815 Society for Savings Bldg., Cleveland , Ohio.MOONEY, W11 1 14 11 J ., 101 South Meridian St., I ndianapolis, I nd.

M OORE, HON . R02221 L22, Statesboro, Ga.

MORAN, REV. GREGORY, A tlantic and California Ave5., A tlantic City, N . J .MORAN, 14 1125 T 1 14 Court St. , N ew Haven, Conn.MO24 N, 105222 F . , 1 1

—27 I mlay St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

M O214 R1 Y , EDWARD T ., 155- 159 East 23 d St. , N ew York City.

MORIARTY, 10211 , Broadway, Waterbury, Conn.M ORON EY , P4 12102, 2 Cooke St., Providence, R . I .

M 02215, $ 12 EDWARD P London, England.

M 02215522, VE2Y R2v. A 11022w , C.S.C D.D.,LL.D., U niversity of N otre

Dame, N otre Dame, I nd.

(Vice-President of the Society for I ndiana.)MO22ISSEY, L1201 .

-C01 ., W. N orth Gratz St., Philadelphia, Pa.

MORRI SON, P4 01 J .,Department of Commerce and Labor, Ellis I sland, N . Y .

M 02215011 , R02221 B ., Prescott, Ariz.M 021142411 , B421201022w , 15 Park Row , N ew York City .

MOY11424 11, DANIEL J ., 250 N ormandy St., Boston, Mass.

M 0122211 , 10211 W., 1766 St. Clair St., St. Paul , M inn.M ULLANEY, BERNARD J ., 122South M ichigan Ave., Chicago, I ll.MULLEN, JOHN F 3 09 Ox ford St., Providence, R . I .

M 01 1 104 11, EDWARD HOWELL, Supt. So. California Edison Cc ., 55East Col

orado St., Pasadena, Cal.

M 01 1 10411, G20202 F ., 8 16 A shland Block, Chicago, I ll.M 01 1 1G4 11, 105222 T ., 55Liberty St N ew Y ork City.

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284 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCI ET Y .

N 021011 , WI LL14 11, 4401 South T roy St. , Chicago, I ll.N ORTON, MICHAEL W., 450 Friendship St., Providence, R . I .

N 002111 , EDWARD, 20 Clinton St., N ewark, N . 1.

O’

B21211 , HON . 6 . D. , G lobe Bldg. , St. Paul , M inn.(Vice-President of the Society for M innesota.)

O’BRIEN, REV. 021115 J . , L.B ., 16 , South Berwick, Me.O

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B21211 , DENNIS F . , 1482 Broadway, N ew York City.O

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B21E11 , R2v. 14 1125 J ., 179 Summer St Somerville, Mass.

O'BR I E11 , HON . JOHN F .,

City N ational Bank, Plattsburg, N . Y .

C’

ER I E11 , 10211 J ., 41 18 Washington Boul ., Chicago, I ll.C

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ER I E11 , 10211 A . , 120 Market St., San Francisco, Cal.O

’BRIEN, REV. J . J ., Loyola U niversity, N ew Orleans, La.

C’

ERI E11 , J . P., Oregon Railroad 81 N avigation Company, Portland,(Vice-President of the Society for Oregon.)

C’

ER I E11 , 10211 P Corporation Counsel’

sOffice, N ew York City.O

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B21211, 6 4 21 . L4 0221102, 70Beach St., N ew Haven, Conn.(Vice-President of the Society for Connecticut.)

O’

ER1211 , M 421 111 J . , 3 845 Flournoy St., Chicago, I ll.O'B21211

, MICHAEL C.,M .D., 16 1 West 122d St. , N ew York City.

O’

B21211 , M 102421 J .,23 0 Echo FL, N ew Y ork City .

(Historiographer of the Society and Member of the Executive Council.)O

’B21211 , HON . MORGAN J . ,

LL.D., 120 Broadway, N ew York City.O

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B21E11 , HO11. T 2024 5 J ., B .L., LL.D., Grand Rapids, M ich.

O’

B21211 , T2024 5 S., 13 Walter St., A lbany, N . Y .

(Member of the Executive Council.)O

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B21211 , WILLIAM D., 12Hamilton Ave., South N orwalk, Conn.O'B2I E11 , W. P., 1416 East 72d Pl., Chicago, I ll.

O'BYRNE, MICHAEL A1 22011505, R oom 400, Germania Bank Bldg., Savan

nah, Ga.

(Vice-President of the Society for Georgia.)6 242125 J ., Spuyten Duyvil, N . Y .

R 1 . REV. 02111115 105222, 800 Cathedral Pl R ichmond, Va.

04 11121 ,Dundalk, I reland.

O'CONNELL

,DANIEL J .,

10—14 Grand St N ew York City.O'CONNELL

, 04 11121 T 53 State St., Boston, Mass.

M1SS 6 2402, 1180 N orth T hird St., Springfield, I ll.14 1125, 424 West 43 d St N ew York City.

1220112 A ., 1403 Whittier Ave.,Springfield, I ll.

10211 , 3 03 Fifth Ave., N ew York City.H011 . 10211 F ., 495 R iver Ave.,

Providence, R . I .

10211 J . , 3 1 N assau St., N ew Y ork City.

H011. 105222 F ., 53 State St., Boston, Mass.(M ember of the Executive Council.)

P. A .,154 Tremont St Boston, Mass.

F24 11015 P., 157 T remont St Boston, Mass.

0 6 0111102, 02. 1. H., 175215t Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

10211,205South State St., Chicago, I ll.

MEMBERSHIP 201 1 . 285

O'CONNOR, JOHN L., Ogdensburg, N . Y .

HON . 10211 M ., 3 0 N orth M ichigan Ave., Chicago, I ll.M 1SS K4 121 2211 REYNOLDS, 6 1 West 1oth St., N ew York City .

O’CONNOR, P. J ., Casper, Wyo.

T HOMAS, 2454 South Park Ave., Chicago, I ll.O

'CONNOR, R2v. T 11101HY J . , 55 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.H011 . W. A .,

Santa Cruz County, N ogales, A riz.O

'CONNOR, W4 1 5011 B . , 1 3 6 Grant St., Bangor, Me.

O’CONNOR, WILLIAM ,

Catholic Club, 120Central Park South, N ew Y ork City.H011 . M 4 1 122w , Louisville, Ky .

M 051 R2v. M 102421 A ., A rchbishop of Manila, PhilippineI slands.

(Vice-President of the Society for the Philippine I slands.)

14 1125 V., 420 Reaper Block, Chicago, I ll.O

’DONNELL, 105222 A ., 3 078 Palmer Sq ., Chicago, I ll.REV. P4 12102 J ., T ompkins Cove , Rockland Co., N . Y .

W11 1 14 11 J ., 1 15 Broadway, N ew York City .

04 11121 M ., 22 Church St., Charleston, S. 6 .

O’

Dwv22, H011 . EDWARD F ., 3 2 Chambers St., N ew Y ork City.

O'DWYER, GEO . F 148 M idland St., Lowell, Mass.

O’DWYER, 10211 A .,

623 N icholas Bldg. , T oledo, Ohio.O

'F 42221 1 , 6 2421 25, Bank of Commerce , 3 1 N assau St N ew York City.

O’

F 1 42221 Y , 04 11121 C., 1 107 Mutual Bldg., R ichmond, Va.

(Vice-President of the Society for Virginia.)O

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F 1 4 2221 11, 14 1125, 3 73 East 148th St., N ew York City.O

’FLYNN, J . J . , 3 249 Congress St Chicago, I ll.F24 11015 B ., 553 2 South Racine Ave., Chicago, I ll.

10211 , 4726 N orth Winchester Ave., Chicago, I ll.H011 . 141125 A ., 3 18 West 108th St., N ew York City.

O’

H4 04 11 , Wu.1 14 11 1 Charleston, S. C.

(Vice-President of the Society for South Carolina.)O

’H4 111 011 , M 102421 J ., 583 Westfield Ave., Rl Mora, Elizabeth, N . 1.

O’

H4 111 011 , P211 12 F M .D., 121 West 95th St., N ew York City .

O’

H24211, WILLIAM , 298 Boylston St., Brookline, Mass.

O’KEEFE, JOHN A ., 25 Exchange St Lynn, Mass.

O’

KEEFFE, 10211 G ., care H. L. Horton 81 Co., 60 Broadway, N ew York City.(Member of the Executive Council.)

O’

K2222, P4 12102 14 1125, Kenwood Hotel, Chicago, I ll.O

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LEARY, F242122, L., 52Wells Ave., Dorchester, Mass.

O'LEARY , JEREM IAH A ., 3 8 Park Row , N ew York City .

O’

L242Y , 10211 J ., 52 Broadway, N ew York City .

C’

L242Y , 6 01 . M . J . , 122 Bay St. East, Savannah, Ga.

O’

L00021 111 , P4 12102, 18 T remont St., Boston, Mass.

M 25. M . O’

C 6698 Amboy R oad, R ichmond Valley , 5. I .

O’MALLEY, 6 242125 J ., 184 Summer St., Boston, Mass.O'MALLEY, EDWARD, T ucson, Arizona.

O’M 24 1211, 10211 W., 53 State St., Boston, Mass.

O’

N 2n., A R1202, 75 South St., N ew York City .

286 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

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N 211 ,H011 . 105222 H., Federal T rust Cc ., Boston, Mass.

O’

N EI LL, REV. CLEMENT P.,St. M ary of the Woods, Princeville, I ll.

ON 2111 , H011 . 6 2421 25, Supreme Court, N ew Orleans, La.

O'N EI LL , 6 01 . C. T ., 3 15 N orth 4th St., A llentown, Pa.

O’

N EI LL , REV . DANIEL H., 93 5 M ain St., Worcester, Mass.

O’

N 211 1 , 6 421 . F24 11015, 5448 Drexel Ave., Chicago, I ll.O

'N EI LL , F24 11015, 45West 4sth St N ew York City.

O’

N EILL, 14 1125 L., 220Franklin St., Elizabeth, N . 1.

(Member of the Executive Council.)O

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N EI L, M 15s M 4211 B ., 259 Water St., Binghamton, N . Y .

0’

N 211 1 ,P4 12102 J ., 13 2East 12211d St., N ew York City.

O’

R21LLY , T 2024 5, 8 M t. Morris ParkW.,N ew York City.

O’

REI LLY, T20114 5 J ., Broadway and lo9th St N ew York City.O

'REILLY, VINCENT F ., 19 Forest St Montclair, N . J .

(Librarian and A rchivist of the Society and Member of the ExecutiveCouncil.)

0’R211 1 Y , 6 . S., I rving N ational Bank, Woolworth Bldg., N ew York City.

O'REILLY, 6 01111. P. S., CrescentClub, Brooklyn, N . Y .

O’

ROURKE, 10211 F ., 17 Battery PL, N ew York City.

O'RYAN, 6 421 . 14 1125 E0110110 L 720 Coster 51 Bronx, N ew York City.

OSBORN, T HOMAS L, 46 1 4th Ave N ew York City.

0520211 , Wn.1 14 11 N .,13 5West 42d St., N ew York City.

03 2400211259 1 , M A J . EDWARD J ., 9 12St. N icholas Ave N ew Y ork City.O

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Su 00211255Y , 14 1125, Westminster Bldg., Chicago, I ll.10211 P., 1252Otis Bldg., Chicago, I ll.M 102421 M A U21CE,

273 2Vallejo St., San Francxsco, Cal.D. G .

, Red Lodge, Carbon Cou1ity, Mont.G . HARRY, 29 Broadway, N ew York City.14 1125 A 783 7 Elm St N ew Orleans, La.

0’

SULLI V4 N ,04 11121 , 13 60Ellis St., San Francisco, Cal.

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SULL1V4 11 , F24 112 A ., 1 10 A berdeen St., Lowell , Mass.

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SULL1V4 11 , P. T ., 2500East 74th St., Chicago, I ll.O

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SULLIVAN, HON . 11011222211, care of O’

sullivan R ubber Co., Lowell, Mass.

O'SULLIVAN, 14 1125, Lowell, Mass.

O’

SULLIVAN , 12221114 2 J ., 3 8- 3 9 Central Block, Lowell, Mass.

P4212, W11 1 14 11 B ., 3 78 West 108th St N ew York City.

P4 1 1211 , 02. 6 01102B ., 197Weyman Ave., N ew R ochelle, N . Y .

P4 1 1225011, R 1 . R2v. 6 20202 1 V.6 ., 267 T hird St., South Boston, Mass.

P21 121 122, H011 . 105222 C., CourtHouse, Boston, Mass.

PHELAN, HO11 . 14 1125 D., Phelan Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.

P221 4 11 , 14 1125 J ., 60 Congress St., Boston, Mass.

PHELAN, 10211 J ., 16 Exchange FL, N ew York City.

PHELA N , HON . 10211 J ., 183 6 N oble Ave.,Bridgeport, 6 01111.

P22L4N, HON . M ICHAEL F Lynn,Mass.

P221 4 11, R2v. T HOMAS P., LL.D., Brewster, N . Y .

P221 4 11, T IMOTHY J ., N . Y . A thletic Club, 58 West s9th St., N ew York City.P211 2111 , P4 12102 A M BROSE, Laurel St. Archbald , Pa.

(Member of the Executive Council .)

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288 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

R021N 5011 , P202. F220 N ., Longfellow Park, Cambridge , Mass.

R OCHE, M OST REV. EDWARD PA T R I CK, A rchbishop of N ewfoundland , St.John's, N ewfoundland.

ROCHE, E. H. , 13 3 8 N orth Dearborn St., Lincoln Park Sta.,Chicago, I ll.

R OGERS, 10211 J . , 3 4 Chandler St. , Worcester, Mass.

RO0N2Y, HEN RY F .,251 T hames St., N ewport, R . I .

ROONEY, HON . 10211 1220112, 23 3 Broadway, N ew York City.

R OSSI TER , W. S., care of R umford Press, Concord, N . H.

RORKE , A LEXANDER I . , A ssistant District A ttorney, N ew York County, 51Chambers St N ew York City.

ROURKE, T HOMAS R . , care of Crane Co. , 490Cherry St., N ew York City.R OWAN, 105222, 60Wall St. , N ew York City.

RYAN, 6 2421 25 B . , 1 12 Freemason St. , N orfolk, Va.

RYAN, 6 2215102222 S., Lexington, Mass.

RYAN, DANIEL C ., 46 1 Fargo A ve. ,Buffalo, N . Y .

RYAN, FRA NK J . , 448 R iverside Drive, N ew York City.

RYAN, 14 1125, 720 Coster St. , N ew York City.

RYAN, 14 1125 J ., 776 Carroll St. , Brooklyn , N . Y .

RYAN, JOHN H., 806 Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, I ll.RYAN, JOHN J . , 25 Broad St. , N ew York City.

RYAN, JOHN J ., Haverhill T rust Bldg. , Haverhill , Mass.

RYAN, 105222 T ., 149 Broadway, N ew York City.

RYAN, LEO G ., 545 N otre Dame St. West , Montreal, Canada.

(Vice-President of the Society for Canada.)RYAN, H011 . O

’

N EI LL, 181 1 3 rd N ational Bank Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.(Vice-President of the Society for M issouri.)

RYAN, HON . T HOMAS, Litchfield, Conn.RYAN, T IM OTHY M ., M .D Meara Block, T orrington , Conn.RYAN, HON . WILLIAM , 3 75 I rving A ve., Port Chester, N . Y .

RYAN, Wn.1 1411 F ., 3 59 Fulton St., Jamaica, N Y .

5401 122, F24 112 X. , 3 7 Barclay St., N ew Y ork City.504 1 1011, W11 1 14 11, Penwell Block, Helena, Mont.504 111 4 11 , HON . 6 2421 25 M ., 3 07 Grand Ave.,

M ilwaukee,Wis.(Member of the Executive Committee.)

504 111 4 11, M I CHAEL, 6 13 West 4oth St N ew Y ork City.504 111 4 11, M .D.

,L1201 . P2122 L4W221102, Prairie du Chien, Wis.

5042121 1 , WILLIAM , 3 5 Fairview Ave., N orth Plainfield, N . J .

50011 , 105222, 1012 Black Bldg., Los A ngeles, Cal.5001 1 11, R2v. ALF RED B ., G lassboro, N . 1.

5001 1 11, H011 . P. 105222, 4 Columbia St N ew York City.5001 1 11, H011 . T 2024 5 F ., 1 107 South A shland Boul ., Chicago, I ll.500112, H011. 120114 5 J ., South Amboy, N . 1.

SEYM OUR, 1021! F ., 52 Pierce St., San Francisco, Cal.52424 11, R 1 . REV. THOMAS J .,

Catholic U niversity, Washington, D. 6 .

524 11424 11 , DAVID B ., 1 155outh Dearborn St., Chicago, I ll.524 11424 11, 021115 S., 1812Clifton Park Ave., Chicago, I ll.

M EM BERSHI P 289

524 11424 11, V222 R2v. 00110110 T ., P2.D., J .C.L Catholic Uni

versity, Washington, D. 6 .

524 111211, T 20114 5 J ., 1491 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.524 1111011, R2v. 14 1125, 607 N orth M adison, Peoria, I ll.

524 1111011 , M . M ., 512Davis St Elmira, N . Y .

SHANNON, N 22. J ., 3 0 N orth LaSalle St., Chicago, I ll.524 1111011, 02. Wn.1 14 11, 13 0West 8 15t St., N ew Y ork City .

524W, 04 v10 B .,Penal Commissioner, Cedar St., Charleston, Mass.

5224 , 14 1125, 2415Octavia St., San Francisco, Cal.5224 , 10211 B ., Fort o 0111 T rust 81 Savings Bank, Chicago, 111.522424 11 , WILLIAM L., 73 Sherman A ve., N ew Haven, 6 01111.5222011, B2114 11 DEF .,

M .D., 6 1 West 74th St N ew York City.522224 11 , 04 11121 J ., 21 18 State St., M ilwaukee,Wis.522224 11, 10211 LOU 1S, LL.B ., LL.M .,

LL.D., Boston U niversity School ofLaw , Boston, M ass.

522224 11 , H011 . 105222 A ., Associate Justice M unicipal Court, City of B05ton, Court House, Boston, M ass.

SHEEHA N ,WILLIAM S., 1 170 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.

5222211, M . J ., Foot ofW. 13 2 St. N . R .,N ew Y ork City.

52222420, R2v. J . H4 VE204 1 , D.D.,Park Baptist Church, Port R ichmond,

N Y .

5222114 11, R2v. A NDREW M ., Morristown, N . 1.

5222114 11, H011. P. T 20011522, 15William St., N ew York City.

52121 05, 6 20202 C., M ansfield, M ass.

52121 05, H011 . 10211 K111021 , Knoxville, T enn.521N2, REV. M . A Plattsmouth, N eb.

(Vice President of the Society for N ebraska.)52021 , 02. WILLIAM B .,

Vanderbilt Concourse Bldg., 4sth St. and Vanderbilt Ave., N ew York City .

14 1125 P., 2020 Broadway, N ew York City.51110115, T20114 5 A ., 241 Marshall St., Elizabeth, N . 1.

51111101 1 , HON . PHI LIP J ., 795 St. N icholas Ave., N ew Y ork City.5221 1 11, REV. A . M Holy Rosary Priory, 3 75Clackamas St., Portland, Ore.

5222211101011, H42211 J ., 7 Centennial Ave., R evere, Mass.

51 4 11221 , 14 1125 M ., 1522 Farwell Ave., Chicago, I ll.51 4v111, 02111115 J ., Waterbury, 6 01111.5104 112, 6 2421 25 W., 54 William St N ew York C ity.511112, HO11 . 14 1125 R ., 122West lo3 d St., N ew York City.511112, R2v. 14 1125 J ., 3 97 Ferry St., N ew Haven, 6 01111.511112, R2v. 105222, 3 28 West 14th St., N ew York City.511112, R2v. 1. T 4 1 201 ,

Dobb’s Ferry, N . Y .

511112, T HOMAS F 60 Broadway, N ew York City.5111112, 54 11021 , 41 Liberty St. , N ew Y ork City.5111112, R2v. T 2O11A S, Springfield, M ass.

511112, F24 112 W., 606 West 1 16th St., N ew Y ork City.511112, L4022N02 J ., 120 Central Park South , N ew York City.5111112 T HO114 S A ., 203 2West Jackson Boul., Chicago, I ll.

290 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

5221 1 4011, T 20114 5 J ., 756 M ain St., Hartford, 6 01111.5221 1 15511, 105222, M .D., 1 10 South 18th St Philadelphia, Pa.

52111 4 112, 1. B ., 23 2West 120th St., N ew York City.51 402, M 4 U21C2 J ., 1020Hudson St., Hoboken, N . 1.

51422020, WILLIAM F Flood Bldg. , San F111001800, 6 21.51 4 111011 , R2v. 14 1125 F ., 177 School St. , Stoughton, Mass.

514 21210N , H011. LU22 D., 294 Garfield Pl Brooklyn, N . Y .

51 4 2121011, H011. M 4 1 1 ., R hinelander,Wis.

5120055, E. Washington, Congress Hotel, Chicago, I ll.501 1 1V4 11, 04 11121 , M .D., 43 East zsth St., N ew York City .

SULLIVAN, H011. 021115 E., 6009 Winthrop Ave.,Chicago, I ll.

501 1 1V4 11 , F24 11015 J ., 13 12 R ector Bldg., Chicago, I ll.501 1 1V4 11, 14 1125 R . , 254 Wayland Ave., Providence, R . I .

SULLIVAN, 14 1125 J ., 818 Ernest and Cranmer Bldg., Denver, 6 01.(Vice-President of the Society for Colorado.)

SULLIVAN , 122211142 B., Board of General A ppraisers, 641 Washington St.,N ew York City.(Vice-President of the Society for I owa.)

501 1 1114 11 , 1. 1 Pensacola, F la.

(Vice President of the Society for Florida.)SULLIVAN, 10211 J 203 Broadway, N ew York City.

SULLIVAN, 10211 J ., 6 1-6 3 Faneuil Hall Market, Boston, Mass.

SULLIVAN, H011 . M I CH4 EL F ., M .D., Pine 81 Elm Sts.,Lawrence , Mass.

(Member of the Executive Council.)501 1 1V4 11 , M 102421 W., Century Bldg., Washington , 0. 6 .

501 1 1v4 11, M 102421 X., P2.D., U . 5. Public Health Service, Spartanburg ,5. 6 .

SULLIVAN, OWEN,21 1 South 6th St., Louisville, Ky.

501 1 1v4 11, T 20114 5 M ., 4743 Washington Boul., Chicago, I ll.SULLIVAN, WILLIAM B. I remont B

'

ldg q Boston, Mass.501 1 1V4 11 , 02. W11 1 14 11 J ., Lawrence , M ass.

502212, R2v. 14 1125 N St. F120015 de Sales Church, Charlestown, Boston,Mass.

SUTT ON, 10211 P., 13 4 N orth 18th St., Lincoln, N eb.

5w2211211, R021 . P., 141 Broadway, N ew York City.SWEENY, R2v. JOHN , St. A ugustine

's Church, Ocean City, N J .

SW221111, W11 1 14 11 M 0111 00112211, 126 Franklin St., A storia, L. I . , N . Y .

5wmrz22, R021 . M . , 2958 West Jackson Boul., Chicago, I ll.T 4 00421 , H011. T 20114 5, French LickSprings Hotel, French Lick., I nd.

T ALLE11, H011 . ALFRED J ., 165 Broadway, N ew Y ork City.(Member of the Executive Council.)

T HOM PSON, 6 01 . 14 1125, 3 02West M ain St., Louisvi lle, Ky.

(Vioe-President of the Society for Kentucky.)1201125011 , 105222 J ., 1059 Loyola Ave.,

Chicago, I ll.T 12211211, EDWARD M A nsonia Hotel , N ew York City.

(Member of the Executive Council.)T 122112Y ,

HENRY S., Arlington Hotel , Binghamton, N . Y .

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292 A M ER I CA N IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

WOODS, 10211, 489 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.

W1111112, R2v. 10211 1 23 East 415t St., N ew York City.YOUNG, 0. J., 507 Romoe St Chicago, 111.

Annual Members

INDEX

A ddresses at A nnual Banquet ”

President-General Joseph I . 6 . 6larkeH011. Maurice Franc15 EaganRev. Patrick 1. Healy, D.D

H011. Martin Conboy, LL.D

M aj. T homas T . R eillyWilliam P. Larkin , LL.D

Historiographer M . 1. O'Brie

A dvertisements and N ews I tems in Boston PostAmerican Descendants of John Boyle .

A ide-de-Camp and Secretary to Gen. George WashingtonAmerican I rish Historical Society A nnual MembersAmerican I rish Historical Society Life Members .

A h A uthoritative A ccount of the Earliest I rish Pioneers in N ew England,by Michael J . O

’Brien

A 11 A ppreciation of Dr. T homas A ddis Emmet , by Rev. John Cavanaugh,

A ncestors of Gov. George ClintonA ndrew Jackson

A nnual Banquet—T wenty-firstMeeting .

Speeches .

Paper read by Dr. John 6 . Coyle .

Paper read by M ichael J . O’

Brien

Executive Council .List of SpeakersR eport of N ominating Committee

President-GeneralSecretary-GeneralT reasurer-General

A 11 O’

Brien paid taxes in 1756A pplication Blank, F01111 of Membership in American I rish HistoricalSociety

A rchitect of White House—James HobanA rchivist and Librarian Cyril CrimminsA ttempt to R eplace Gen. George Washington discovered , by 6 01. John

Baltimore, Lord , I rish Settlers .

Baptisms Performed at Holy T rinity Church, Wilmington, DelBarrett, Alfred M ., T reasurer-GeneralBell, M aj.-Gen. 1. Franklin .

Berkeley, Gov. William

294 I N DEX .

Biographical Sketches of Distinguished MarylandersBirth R ecords of Carroll Fam ily

M cLaughlin Family .

St. James Episcopal Church , Great Barrington, Mass.

Bolton, Charles Knowles .

Bond-Servants T ransported by CromwellBoston Birth R ecordsBoston N ews Letter, Vessels R eported inBoston Post—N ews I temsBoston R esidents Who Signed A s Witnesses to Deeds R ecorded in Suffolk County .

Boston T ax List .

Boyle, Johr1, U nited I rishman and His American Descendants, by Wat

son BoyleLt. Juan A shton10111115 I

Capt. T homas .

Bradley, M ayor .

Brickmaker and M ason, the First Known I rish in American History .

Burke,Catherine

Butler County, Pennsylvania, I rish Pioneers and SchoolmastersButler, M aj.-Gen. R ichard

Cahill , Santiago P Secretary-GeneralCarroll Fam ily Birth R ecords .

Catholic Persecutions .

Catholic School, EarlyCeltic Servants, List ofChapter of I rish Charity in T hanksgiving History , by M . J . O

’

Brien

Charlestown, Mass., R ecordsMarriages and I ntentions to M arry

Church R ecords, Extracts from VirginiaCincinnati, Society of the .

Claflin 81 6 0 .

Clan M cCarthy of County Kerry .

Clan O’Boyle

Clarke, Joseph I . C President-GeneralClearfield T ownship, Early Pioneers .

Cogan, John

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296 I N DEX .

Emmet, Married Catherine R . DuncanM inute by Edward 1. M cGuire, LL.D.

Legacy of Library to American I rish Historical SocietyPhysician to Emigrant R efuge HospitalPublished Book 011 GynecologyOther PublicationsPresented with Latare MedalPresident of I rish N ational Federation

1. Duncan EmmetRobert EmmetKatherine Erin Emmet

Estate of Capt. Patrick Connell , Closing UpEstates and Persons T axed and Periods .

Extracts from the Records of St. Paul ’s Episcopal Church, N ewburyport, Mass.

Extracts from the R egister of Holy T rinity ChurchExtracts from Virginia Church R ecordsExtracts from the R ecords of the Council of Safety and GovernorCouncil of the State of Vermont

First I rish N urse . 220

First I rish Settlers in Worcester 169

First Known I rish Brickmaker and M ason in American History 220

First Schoolhouse Winfield and Clearfield T ownships . 199

First T eacher . 199 , 200, 201 ,203

First T hanksgiving Day 16 3

Fitzgerald, Rev. Edward 169 , 17 1

F itzgerald, Col . John, A id-de-Camp and Secretary to Gen. GeorgeWashington by Rev. T homas P. Phelan, A .M . , LL.D .

A t Battle of PrincetonChastises Cowardly LeaderDiscovers Plot Against WashingtonElected M ayor of A lexandria

F rance, U . 5. Senator from M aryland

Gates, Horatio, Placed at Head of Board ofWar

General A ssembly of Vermont, Petitions .

G ifts to the American I rish Historical SocietyC leanings from Massachusetts Records, HistoricalG loucester, Mass., Marriage R ecordsGreen Mountain State, Stray Historical I tems fromGreene, Fannie R eynoldsGreene, Gen. N athaniel

Hamilton, R obertHaynes, John, Letter of to 1. Winthrop, 11Healy, Rev. Patrick A ddress ofHealy, William, R evoking Power of A ttorney

INDEX

Historical C leanings from Massachusetts R ecords, by George F .

O’

Dwyer .

Historical I tems from Green Mountain State, Stray, by M ichael 1.

O’Brien

Historical PapersHistoriographer, M ichael 1. O

’

Brien .

Hoban, James, Architect of the White House .

Honorary Members of the American I rish Historical Society

I ntentions to M arryI nteresting Contributions on Early I rish Settlers in Worcester, Mass.

I reland ’s Support in the Late War

“T he I rish Donation ”

I rish and Scotch Bond-Servants T ransported by CromwellBrickmaker and Mason, First in American HistoryCharity in T hanksgiving HistoryEm igrants I ntroduce Potatoes into AmericaFood-shipsI mm igrants from English Ports in the Eighteenth Century, byM ichael 1. O

’

Brien

I mmigrants to the ColoniesI nWorcester before the R evolutionJusticesN ames Culled from Official R ecords of N ew Hampshire, by M ichael1. O

’

Brien .

N ames of Prisoners at Quebec and LouisburgN urse , FirstPioneers and Schoolmasters in Butler Company

,Pennsylvania , by

M ichael 1. O’

Brien .

Pioneers in N ew EnglandPioneers in Delaware

297

198

1 10

187

Property Owners 1 17-1 3 0, 147- 149, 150,152, 169, 182, 198

Schoolmasters . 17 1 , 187 , 198

Settlers atWorcesterSettlers Written into History as A nglo-Saxon and Scotch

I 69

I rish ” 99 , 140, 144Settlers in Colony of Massachusetts Bay 145Soldiers in the Colonial Wars 106 , 16 1 , 162, 17 3 , 174, 218 , 23 7

I tems Extracted from the R ecords of the Council of Safety and Gov

ernor and Council of the State of VermontI tems from the Green Mountain State .

I tems of Historical I nterest from Charlestown, Mass., R ecordsI rvine, James

Jackson, Pres. A ndrew120115011, Democratic A ssociation of WashingtonJ udge John Bredinj ustices, I rish

298 I N DEX.

Kelly, A rchibaldKelly, John .

Kennedy, John

Larkin, LL.D. , William P A ddress ofLechmere, T homas .

Lee, Gen. R0be1't E. .

Legal I nstruments Entered 111 Suffolk County R ecordsLenehan, 10hn 1 Member of Executive CouncilLife Members

,List of

Levins , M iss A nna Frances, Official Photographer and Member ofExecutive Council

Letter of John Haynes to 1. Winthrop , 11'

List of Boston T axpayers .

Celtic ServantsExecutive CouncilI rish I mm igrants to Colonies .

I rish N ames of Prisoners at Quebec and LouisburgMembers of American I rish Historical Society

Marriages and I ntentions to M arry at Charlestown , M assMarriages Performed at Holy T rinity Church , Wilmington, Del .Massachusetts Bay, T races of I rish Settlers inMassachusetts R ecords Historical G leanings from, by George F .

O’

Dwyer

M ayor of A lexandria, John Fitzgerald .

Members of the Executive Council American I rish Historical Society .

Membership List of American I rish Historical SocietyM iscellaneous I tems of Historical I nterest from Charlestown , Mass. ,

M oylan, Stephen .

Mulligan, Hugh .

M cCarthy , T haddeusM cClellan, JamesM cKenna, M ajor James AM cLaughlin Family Birth R ecordsM cLeod , John .

N ames of I rish Prisoners at Quebec and LouisburgN ames of I rishmen Culled from Official R ecords of N ew HampshireN ational Society of Colonial Dames Publication

N ew England Colonists R eceive R elief from I reland .

N ew Hampshire Legislature, Signers of Petitions to .

N ew Kent County ,Virginia, R ecords from Parish Register of St. Peter

’

s

ChurchN iall of the N ine Hostages .

N ominating Committee R eport at A nnual Meeting .

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3 00 I N DEX .

Pioneer I rish in N ew EnglandSchoolmasters in Butler County , Pennsylvaniaof Clearfield T ownship .

Pope’s N ight "

Potatoes I ntroduced into America by I rish EmigrantsPrw ident-General Joseph I . 6 . Clarke “

Public N 0000 Closing UpEstate of Capt. Patrick ConnellPuritan Pioneers saved by I rish Food-ehips

Records at the R egistry of Deeds, Suffolk County , Boston, M ass. 1 17

Records Dealing with Origin of T hanksgiving Day 163

Of Charlestown, M ass. 150-152

0f Council of Safety and Governor and Council of the State ofVermont

Of Court of A ssistants of Colony of Massachusetts BayOf G loucester, M assSt. James’ Episcopal Church, Great Barrington , M assSt. Paul ’s Church N ewburyport, M assHoly T rinity Church, Wilm ington .

R egistry of St. Peter’s Church , N ew Kent County, VirginiaR eilly, M ajor T homas T ., A ddress oi .

R eports at A nnual MeetingDinner CommitteeN om inating Committee .

President-General Joseph I . C. ClarkeSecretary-General Edward H. DalyT reasurer-General A . M . Barrett

Report of V&sels in Boston N ews Letter .

R esidents of Boston Who Signed asWitnesses to Deeds .

Resolutions at Annual MeetingR evolutionary A rmy, Col . John FitzgeraldR evoking Power of A ttorney, William HealyRun-away Servants

St. Paul's Episcopal Church R ecords, N ewburyportSchoolhouse, First, in Winfield and Clearfield T ownshipsSchoolmasters, Early I rish Pioneers .

Scotch and I rish Bond-servants T ransported by Cromwell .“500t0h-I rish,

”List of

Secretary-General, Santiago P. CahillSedgwick, 6 01. T homasSelectmen of Boston, Order I ssued bySixty-N inth in the Great War

Sketches of Distinguished Marylanders, BiographicalSociety of Colonial Dames of America .

Society of the CincinnatiSoldiers, I rish in Colonial Wars 18, 106 , 16 1 , 162, 173 , 174, 23 7

1 10

198

200199 ,

1 15

154

29

2200

164-166 , 1

INDEX . 3 01

Some I rish N ames Culled from the Official R ecords of N ew Hampshire,by M ichael J . O

'Brien .

Some T races of the I rish Settlers in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay ,

by M ichael J . O’

Brien .

State-Vice Presidents, List ofSterrett, MasterStrangers Deported from BostonStray Historical I tems from the Green Mountain State, by M ichael J .

Stubbs, William ESubscription SchoolSuffolk County, Massachusetts, Deeds R ecordedSurnames A ppearing in Eighteenth Century Death R ecords of N ewburyport,Mass

T able of ContentsT ax List of Boston

T reasurer-General A . M . Barrett, A nnual R eportT owne,W. Henry, City Clerk atWorcester, Mass.T urner, Col. John M cLeod

U . 5. Senator France of M aryland

Vice President-GeneralVice-Presidents List of StateVirginia Church R ecords

Wilmington , Del., Church R ecords 187

Worcester, Mass.,Early I rish Settlers 169

Wilson , PresidentWoodrow 20, 3 7 , 46 , 52, 62, 84

Young, John