Demosthenes on the Crown - Forgotten Books
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Transcript of Demosthenes on the Crown - Forgotten Books
éHMOZOENOYE ITEP I TOY §TE¢ANOY
DE M O ST H E N E SON THE CROWN
WI TH CRITICAL AND EX PLANA TOR Y NOTES
AN HISTORICAL SKE TCH
AND ESSAYS
W ILLIAM WATSON GOODWIN
HON . LL .D . AND D .C.L.
ELIOT PROFESSOR OR GREEK LITERATURE IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY
EDI TED FOR THE S YNDICS OF THE UN IVERS I TY P RESS
CAMBR IDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Igo x
[A11 RigkI: reserved]
If ?!6
AN JR. LEhOX AND
1 .1mm l‘
n'
. )A1‘
10Nl
l 1048
Pawn -D BY 1 . AND c.
Gamhtmgz
F. CLAY ,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS .
HENRY JACKSON
IN TOKEN OF
A FR IENDSH IP OF MORE THAN TH IRTY YEARS
P REFACE.
IN this editio n o f Demosthenes on the Crown I haveattempted to supply students w ith what I deem most essentialto a thorough understand ing o f this masterpiece o f orato ry .
NO mere commentary,however learned and lucid
,can make
a spee ch l ike this intel l igible to those who have not a fu l l andaccurate knowledge o f the events which are d iscussed , and o f
the ir relation to other events . NO adequate treatment o f
historical points is poss ible in scattered notes,and references to
a general h istory (even to Grote or Curtius) are not suffic ient .The student o f Demosthenes needs a connected narrative, inwhich he wi l l find a detai led account o f the events whichespec ial ly concern him w ith copious references to the authorit ies,w ithout be ing d istracted by other detai ls in which he has noimmed iate interest . To meet this want
,I have given a large
space to an H istorical Sketch o f the period from the accession o f Phi l ip to the battle o f Chaeronea , in which I have en
larged d isproport ionately on the events and questions d iscussedin the orat ions o f Demosthenes and Aeschines on the Crownand on the Embassy, and have a l luded s l ightly (o r perhapsnot at al l) to many important matters which are not essentialto the study o f these speeches . This wou ld be unpardonablein a history : but this sketch assumes a general know ledge o f
the history o f the period which it covers, and makes no pretenceto be ing such a history in itself. W ith this v iew, I have givenwhat may seem undue prom inence to the negotiations whichled to the Peace o f Philo crates ; fo r a m inute knowledge o f theseis abso lute ly necessary to a correct understand ing o f the brief
vii i P REFACE .
but cogent argument o f Demosthenes in Co r. 17 -52 , and toa fair judgment o f the who le pol itical course o f both Demosthenes and Aeschines at this decisive cris is in the history o f
Athens . Much new l ight has been thrown upon the wholeperiod which I have treated from inscriptions recent ly d iscovered by the French explorers at Delphi and from the Corpu sInscriptionum Attz
'
cam m . In preparing this sketch I have madeconstant use o f Grote and o f Schaefer’s Dem ost/m zes m ed Seine
Z air, as my references w i l l Show .
In rev ising the text I have in most cases fol lowed theauthority o f the Codex 2, espec ial ly when it is supported byits compan ion L‘
. See Essay VII. In preparing the commentary I have been constantly aided by the long l ine o f
ed itors,whose names are too fam i l iar to need mention . I mu st,
however, express my great obl igation to Westermann and Blass,espec ial ly fo r references to paral lel passages and to other i l lustratio ns . I have found it imposs ible to give cred it fo r everyremark and reference which may be borrowed from these o r
other recent ed itors : many o f these are found in the notes o f
D issen and the o lder ed itors, and many have long been in m y
own col lection o f notes . Nothing is harder to trace than o ldreferences , and most o f tho se relating to Demosthenes on theC rown may now be assumed to be common property.
I take great pleasure in express ing (not fo r the first t ime)my deep indebtedness to Dr Henry jackson Of Trin ity Col lege
,
Cam bridge. He has done m e the inest imable serv ice o f read ingand revising my proofs and giving me the benefit o f his wideexperience. There are few pages in this boo k which have nothad the benefit o f his crit ic ism .
Notw ithstand ing the s iz e o f this volume,I have om itted the
d iscuss ion o f many interest ing questions, espec ial ly some whichbelong to the whole subject o f Attic oratory rather than to thestudy o f a sing le oration . One o f these relates to the rhythm icalcharacter o f the language Of Demosthenes, which cou ld not betreated briefly or inc idental ly . I must refer those who areinterested in this to Blass , Attire/wBerea
’
sam kez'
t,II I . 1
,pp . 105
14 1 , w ith the Anhang.
I have avo ided many d iscussions o f grammat ical points in
P REFACE .
the notes by references to my Syntax of ”to Greek M oods and
Tenses (M . and I have occas ional ly referred to my Greek
Gram m ar The references to Grote Ix.- x11. are made to
the first ed it ion ; those to earl ier volumes to the second ed ition .
Those to Schaefer’s Dem ost/zenes are to the second ed ition andthose to Bo eckh’s S taats/zaus/zaltung der Athener to the thirded it ion by Franke l
I have made no attempt to be neutral on the question o f thepatriotism and the statesmanship o f Demosthenes in his pol icyo f uncomprom is ing res istance to Phi l ip . I t seems to me thatthe t ime fo r such neutral ity is past. I cannot conce ive how anyone who knows and respects the trad itions o f Athens
,and a l l
that she represents in the long contest o f free institutions againsttyranny
,can read the fina l attack o f Aeschines and the reply o f
Demosthenes w ithout feel ing that Demosthenes always standsforth as a true patriot and statesman , who has the best interestso f his country at heart and upholds her noblest trad it ions
,while
Aeschines appears first as a trimm er and later as an intent ional
(if not a corrupt) al ly o f Phi l ip in his con test w ith Athens .That the pol icy o f res istance to Phil ip’
s aggress ions fai led at lastis no d iscred it to the patriotism or the statesmanship o f Demosthenes . Can any one, even at this day, read the pathet ic andeloquent appeal o f Demosthenes to posterity in Cor. 199
208, and not fee l that Athens wou ld have been unworthy o f herglorio us past if she had subm itted to Phi l ip w ithout a strugglefo r l iberty,
even if Chaeronea and al l its consequences had beenseen by her in advance ? Her course was plain : that o f Dem o sthenes was even plainer.
W. W. GOODWIN.
HARVARD UNIVERS ITY,
CAMBRIDGE, MASS . ,
CONTENTS .
HYPOTHESES
ORATION ON THE CROWN
HISTOR ICAL SKETCHI . From the Accessio n o f Ph ilip to 352 B.C. 229
—234
II . Early Life o f Dem o sthenes —Events from 352 to
348 B.C.
I I I . The Peace o f Philocrates
IV. Six years o f nom inal Peace, 346 - 34o B.C.
V. The War with Ph ilip, from 340 B.C. to the Battle o f
Chaero nea in 338 D.C.
Tab le o f DatesThe Attic Year
ESSAY I. Argum ent o f the Oration , with rem arks on12 1
ESSAY II. The ypa¢r) wapavdpm v
ESSAY I I I . The Su it against Ctesipho nESSAY IV. Trials o f Aesch ines and Philo crates in 343 B.C.
ESSAY V. Constitu tio n o f the Am phictyonic Co uncilESSAY VI. The Hero Physician and the Hero Kakapr
'
m r
ESSAY VI I. Manu scripts o f the Oratio n on the CrownESSAY VI I I . Sticho m etry in the Manuscripts o f Dem o s
thenes
INDExEs
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4 . 10-
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1, A2 . 01010 70 1101
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6. 701170001 A 1 , ab oveM 000001 L (7p).
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7 1107 7 1111 : see the spurious indictm ent(b elow) and Fo r6011010 see
1 10, 32 1 , 322 .
3 . {17 011501 1101 , be granted m e (be m ade
available to m e). The fundam ental ideao f 15e in this sense is b est seen in 70h dpxowa, the resources or tlce a id ingconditions , i.e . 1111101 is available, what onehas to depend on see note on 1317 0px6111
andfiéhrwrov 1'
17 0'
px61, 1x. 5.
4 . see no te on (17 11111101101 ,5 secondly : sim ple 67 617 0
(without 66) is the regular rhetoricalfo rm ula after 7 p137 ov 1111 (see 8, 18, 1 77,235, 248 ; cf. Thucydides generallyhas this, b ut o ften 57 1117 0 86—67 69 107 1 :eflxomu , dqhové
'n referring to thewhole sentence The
relation o f to 7 o i'
rro here is clearlythat o f 67 1 (5 to the following 7 0117 0;
otherwise we m ight b e inclined to take
67 69 here quad, explained by—407 1 pill-00141811, concern: you especially (m ore thanm yself).5. 100196603 : referring to the o ath
(5 Greek 111065610 reached a lower
levelthan o ur piety , including negative
ab stinence from im piety , so that one whodo es no t b reak his oath is so far 61
’
106fi159.—7 097 0 7 09001 13001. m ay put this
into your hearts : 7 007 0 refers b ack em
phatically to the o m itted antecedent o f
d7 ep, as 007 011 (5 to that o f 1111 , and is
explained by 7011 117 7 10111010
7 . explained by 70 1101
” 15000001 (end o f cf.
067 01, Hdt. VIII . 79, and 7 066117 17 0
7 1167 00xpi)W :Plat. Rep . 352 D .
§2 . 1 . 7011 8911011 : the Heliastic o ath,which each judge had swo rn . The docu
m ent in xxw. 149—15 1 purpo rting to b e
this fam o us oath (hardly authentic) hasthis clause : 11111 0111100001101 7 001107 1170110111101 7 00d7 ohoflyovpévov 611011111 011010111 . Forthe co nnection o f the laws with the oath,see no te o n 565.
2 . 811101019, just provisions , perhaps
prov’
ons of law. West. cites fo r the
latter m eaning xx. 94 , 7 00007 10: 67 7 1011
6111010111 ; b ut two lines ab o ve 8111010 has
clearly its o rdinary fo rce o fjust, appliedto pro visions o flaw.
3 . 011906000001 : this o r 0101060001
is far preferab le to the em endation0111100060001 . The infin . with 76 here
denotes sim ply llze provision for fiearingbot/1 sides impartially. This infin . is
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
9
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07 1 cu
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'
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0138311 oipxdp evo g 7 o u ltd'
yo v , 0137 09 8’
£11 n epwva'ias 11011
8 . 2 . 13 0111 . L. 4 .
M ficw (o ver fl ew) B. 5 .
L, vulg . ; 6G om . ab o ve line
com m o nly a verb alno un without temporal force, and is generally present o r
aorist (M .T. The perfect is som e
tim es needed to express com pletion (asrpoxare
‘
v xérm , b elow) and the future
m ay em phasize futurity, as witho ut thearticle . The infin . with 7 6 is occas io nally fo und in or. ohI. , with its tense fullypreserved, o r with 011 . (See Birkle in ,
Su bstant. Infin ., p . 94 ; and M .T . 109 ,
1 13, 2 1 2 , 7944—e 111)« po em
-
m u ch“
not having deeided against (11070) either
party in advance : 7 1) 11h « paw n-
711137 01
wo uld b e tim eless, like 76 0111100000001
(ab o ve) and 7607 08001101 and 70 £6001
(below).
4 . orifii (se . nor only (cf.- 1
5 . 1101. 7fi i. e . to
adopt no t only (1101)that order of argu m entbut also (1101) that generalplan of defencewhich etc. for the rhe
to ricalam plificatio n see no te o n 5(11007 01 is m ade sub ject o f the relativeclause , as this precedes ; we reverse the
o rder, and translate itwith M in oan .
0wohoyfq refers strictly to the defence,which alone rem ained.
6. 7 1311 11107 401160 11 8110111 02 (no téxérepos), acc. to We il, is “
tout hom m e
qui plaide sa cause ,”a general expres
sion . He rem arks that 07 107 1301101 ap
plies especially to the defendant, citingX IX . 2 1 4 (end), xxx. 7, 90, xxm . 100,
xx iv . 28, 1 3 1 , [xxv 1 . ] 10.
This is a dignified appealagainst theoffensive dem and o f Aeschines (111.that the co urt should e ither refuse to hearDem osthenes o r (at least) com pelhim to
et’
wolas 6107 101 111 V6.
67 10 (E
fo t m l) B Y (110)B M )
pnhe’
iv (w. 1 o ver 71) 2 ;oh fiofihomu dé
duo‘xepe‘s 0156131 dr ain L,
A 1 , V6.
follow his adversary’s o rder o f argum ent.
Spengel(see Dindo rf’
s no te)calls this argum ent
“sophistical,” since granting free
dom o f arrangem ent is no t fairly includedin 70611011119 dwpo
'
iv drpodo'
00001. But
b o th parties co uld no t b e heard im partially if o ne were com pelled by the cou rt
itseif to present his case in the m o st
dam aging o rder at his opponent’s dic
tation .
5 8 . 1 . t om : 50. ékarrdma'ra .
3 . dyo vtlopm , like used o f
contests o f allkinds, here o f a lawsu it.See the pun o n the two m eanings o f
dywvlo'00001 wept001107011 in w . 4 7.
4 . Sw ap-dv, to forfeit : cf. dr on e
pe‘
1'
0001 , 54, and the following wo rds .
|11iM y 7 1Wypadnfv, not to gain his easecf. ’Oh15111r10 7 111611 , Thuc. I . 1 26;7 1116, Aesch . III . 68 ;6116501 013184 110» other, Ant. 2 , A
“, 5 . éke
‘
iv
7 110411511 (o r 61111711) m ay also have a direct
accusative , as 6010: enter Eflr okw 860,
Isac. vr1 . 10: these expressio ns are used
o nly o f the plaintiff ; a v icto rio us defendant is said 7 p0¢iyv (Gimp ) dr o¢1ryeiv, a
defeateddefendant 7 p0¢hr (61111711) 6¢heim
5 . d»: lpol. ply : a fam iliar 07 001167 0011, o ften quo ted by the rheto ricians .
What is plainly m eant would so und nu
pleasant (Gvoxepés) and suggest disaster
in the open ing o f his speech . Aqu ilaRom . (de fig . 5) translates : sed m ihi quidem— nolo quicquam initio dicendi o m ino sius proloqui. See Q u int. 1x . 2 , 54 ,
who quo tes“quos ego
—s ed m o to s prae
stat co m ponere fiuctus ,"Aen . 1 . 135.
Cf. eIr’13 767 1 6
’
195m
.
6. £11 m pww fas, at an advantage, lit.
to AHMOZGENOY}:
Kam yopet. g7 epo i1 0101517 61 1511071057 019 151rafpxet,
7 11111 71311 X0180p111111 1101 7 11111 Kam yopm v 0110156111 17861111 , 7 011
3 C V I I 6 I4 61701110110 1 8 avro vs axflea
'flav 7 0117 11111 7 o tr1uv 0 607 1
apds‘
fi8o vfiv 7 0157 151 86807 01,A I
evoxltet ko m o v spat.
A c 3 A80 7700 111 1119 31701 61176111
11011 [1011 6600301571670; 7 0137 0 71 1) héyw70 176177107067 0 e
’
pawgfi, 01511 gxew a’
.170)t15000001 70 11070
5 yopnpe’
va 806111 0158 Ed) ots 06113 7 17100001 81 111 11151101°
e’
dv
8. 7 1311 (b efo re om . O .
1101 7761701117110 1101 176170X17 ev7101 308115111, n ohltdm e
héyew 07 071 1100017007101 n ep1 e
’
paw ov . 1re1p0'
a'
07101 71 1 11 011 11
01110151 111 ab o ve line 2 , L’, om . L'.
2 ; 0’007 001 L, vulg . ; 0’017017 . 00117 001 O (0077 . fro m 0’
5 4 . 4 . xam‘
yopooueva 0.
from an abundance, like a rich m an who
stakes little com pared with his wealth .
In Luke xxi. 4 , the rich cast into the
treasury “o f their ab undance ”o r
“super
fluity,”611 7 09 7 10001 1507 7 01 See
Dem . X LV . 67, where 0! £11 17 61110110101
7 07 111101 is equ ivalent to 01 per’
1017071101
1707 177001 and oppo sed to at 111 7’61101011
(17011171100; Plat. Theaet. 1 54 D, 611 r ept
ov0t01 dkhfihwr dr ozrapaiperm , try ing one
another (with argum ents) wantonly o r
for were pastim e (see Cam pb ell’s no te) ;Thuc. v . 103, 7 001 07 07 11110110101 xpamé
110111 0011? those who indn e hopewhen thy have abundant resources , and
V I . 55 , r ohkq'
i 7 151‘
1 611167 7 1 7 0000¢0h0171Harpo cratio n (under £ 11
wepwuo tas) thus explains o ur passage : 6701p07 r ep! 7 6111 i0x0
'
7 1117 1117007 115111, 007 01 0’
£11
r ohko i} 7 0017 106117 01 11011 1107 171 01162.
7 . 117 19011 8’
(se . Alva correspo nds
to 811 pév in 2 , and keeps up the construe
tio n o f f oam 67107 7 061101 in 1 . West.
m akes nom . (se . en tryx11 , which is a naturaldisposition of thewhole hum an race : 1700111 0701111517011 sug
gests the sub ject o f 01100117 and 0x010001,which are in appo sition to {7 111011 (M .T.
745)5 4 . 1 . (0 7 1 17901 080707 , m ahes for
pleasu re cf. Aeschyl.
Pr. 494 , 07 111) 00010017 7 110115100111611 .
5 . 111 2 , L , A2, V6; 11 vulg .
2 . 61 11701 11111111 (M . T . 777) m odifiesAeschines (111. 24 1 ) had warned
the co urt against the self-glo rificatio n o f
Dem o sthenes .
4 . dwokiim d m : see 5 505and no te .
6. 1101. 172170011110 11111 r evolt-twp “ a
fam iliar fo rm o f rheto ricalam plificatio n(oppo sed to m odern ideas o f style), forwhich o rdinary speech wo uld use f ew-
0M
7 1 111101 alone . Other instances are popcoMrra1 1101 wpoflp-n7 a1 (5 werpa
‘
ypévwv
1101 wu oh reuuérw and 1107 141100011 1101
01éfiak7te1 (5 1 1" 67 7107 1150111 1101 011157511
(5 0165070“ 1102 0115771 1 (5 £01
00501 1101 0163 001 1 (5 r oheuei‘
v 1101
01004110001 (5 In these cases o ne
verb is generic and the o ther specific ;b ut som etim es two verb s o f nearly or
quite the sam e m ean ing are used together
for a sim ilar rheto ricaleffect, as ” 07 7 1-1111101 1701ei
‘
7 (5 {107 7 1117 110i 67 7 1011 (5—308Q¢ , proceed, m ore form althan com e
o r go . 7 1701 111111 11111 7 1: 1111 7 11017 111977 611
1711001111011 00 rahu'
is 1111111611117 7 677 Mew.
Schol. The Scholia to Aesch . 1 11 . 1
censure“m etaphor in the proo em ium ,
”
calling wap1£7 0£111 b ut
01 01109) 1101 r apay yeMa in Dem . X IX . 1
Blass says o f 50013111“doch ist 500m» nicht gle ich so ndern
b edeutet ‘
geradeswegs (frisch , ohne Be
denken) eingehen auf,’
and he refers to
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY 1 I
c I A A q 9 A109 [1.67p1107 07 0 7 0117 0 7ro 1e1z1
°
o 7 1 8’
011 70 77p0‘
yp0I I I Q I V
0110y110CD, 7 0117 011 7 1711 017 1011 0117 01 107 1 81110101 exew
7 010137 011 dy13110
Olp101 8’
157161 170117 09, 13 0v8pes 011 6710710 5A
7 9001 110111011 631101 7 0117 011i 7011 dym 11’
300i 11ai. 10170 1101307 11102 0158311 671017 7 01109 051011 0 17008171 170117 1011 pév ydp01700 7 6pei0001 711117 1771611 507 1 11aixaken bv, 07171109 7 6 1517
’
e’
xflpofi 7 151 7 o v7 0 710171 10 7 0 82 1rap’
5
110i 0‘11710110p1071
'f01 , 60 10171p 1107. 70m xciv 7 0157 1011 7167 107611
£07 111 . n epi. 7 0157 1011 8’
6117 09 7 0117 002 7 017 01
71 131101 , 061171 110i. 6
8607101 770117 1011 67105109 1571 17111 0110130015 71011 n epi 7 1311 1107 177 0
p‘
qpe'
vwv dwohoyovpe'
vov 8111015109, 050 1rep o i 11671101 1167166011001 ,
8. 7 0177 0 cit e?! A2 .
56111007 02vulg . ;
Z’, L, vulg .
01 007 11160001 0.
A 1 , V6, Y .
50. 1 .
3 . om . V6.
5 . 7 007 10O‘.
r ep! 170117 1011 V6.
6001067101 in the sam e sense in 55 58,263 . See o ther exam ples in the Index
Dem osth . o f Preuss.
8. 102 M m : cf. the fullfo rm
811 867 101101 111 70107 07 0, 5 -8
whatever the case itself m ayrequ ire of m e (lit. compelm e): with 0107 ~
witho ut an infin . cf. Q u int. x1 . 1 ,
2 2 , qu i hoc se coegisset.
9. 8010102 lxew : the com m on per
so nalconstruction (M . T . The apo
do sis is future in sense , after the future
67 1 (211 03107 11057 .
10. 7 01007 1111 016110, a su it of this
hind, i. e . in which Ctesiphon is indictedandDem osthenes accused: cf. 55 1 2—16.
5 5 . 1 . i v07107107 11001 : West. om its171 6118711 1
’A011110201, pro bably to avo id 011
after a co m m a, as 2:and L give it. But
this po sition , though unusual, is not oh
jectio nab le when wo rds b elong ing to the
clause with 611 (as here 01161 170117 01) pre
code the inserted clause . (M . T .
See Ar. Pac. 1 37, 07170
, 13 1100. 011 7101
0170» 011771 1311 £81 1, .andAeschyl. Ag . 25 1 ,
70“A hoy, h e! 011 1 7115011 (orwith
'
A01p . , hr 000k . 2 , L ; 007 7 01 37 vulg .
0 A 1 ; West. om . 15 0110. 2 .
4 . drm epe‘
iaflm 2 (7p), L
6117 101 O‘. 2 .
’
A017110101 2 , L, O ;é
vu
pl
ol B‘ : 7 0
; 017 0p1 10001 2 ;601160117 A 1 , V6.
vul
et'
1110£01 re 1107 q51k .
xam opovpérw V6, 0.
o ut com m as). On the contrary , 7 1 0011
611 7 11 1 11701, Dem . I . 19, and a few sim ilar expressions, in which pro bab ly littleor no pause was felt, are irregular. InI . 1 4 we m ust read 7 11 011 1 11 01 with Z .
3 . 00861 “ 7 701102, qu ite as great.
17011-7 1011 01 007 17160001 , to be deprived ofanything : cf. r u raxofi, anywhere, 56. (by so m uch) as : the im
plied 7 00015701 is felt as lim iting 1107007 0
(se . 71117 71007 1102x07ter b11).— 1101 b efo re 70
7 11x101 expresses the parallelism (so to
speak ) b etween losing and gain ing the
privileges : see 6 1107 5and note . Such a 1101 can seldom b e
expressed in English , except b y em phasis .
50. 1 . see no te o n
5 4°
3 . 81110001 b elo ngs to 01100001, from
which it is separated partly fo r em phasis ,and partly to b ring it directly b efore13017 111. I t canno t be taken with 6. 1707t07 0011411011, as the laws referred to have no
reference to drake b ut requ ire the
judges to hear b oth sides im partially(5
l2 AHMOZOENOYZ
6 1 10629 65 apxns‘ t aw, evvovs awv Kat Smaon xo g,
o u pévov f a? ypdtba t xvpiovs (967 0 86212 ewai 6.t Kai. 115)
009 0
8I I fl C A 9
7 To m ; uraCowas onwp o xevat, owe am on'wv way , we y spam .
I D C A V I(pa we‘rat, alt). opwv on a trtas Kat. atafiohas, at; ex
7 013 npdrepo s Xéyew o Steinem ; icrxtiet, o f»: 3m . 76? dietiyo v'
rt
n apehfleiv, ci. pa) 76312 Sm alo'
wwv gxao '
roc 6nd") n‘
w npbs‘
0I I A I C I
5 ro vs eo vs eva efietav (puka ‘
rrwv xa t 7 a ro v heyow o s vcr'
repovI 3 A8m m . ei
’
mo ucws npoaSe'
fe'rat, Kai. n apacrxdw e'
av'
rbv za o u Kai.
nowbv dppore'
pow dxpo arbv o iirw rip: Soci'
v crw n owia era twepi. dndwwv.
6. 6txdfowas 2 , L , A2 , B, F ; 6m . finds vulg .
9 7 . x. lip o'
iv O‘. dis -
yé aot vulg .
A 11, V6. 5 . ¢vhdrrwv 2 , L
1, A2 6ta¢v7\ . vulg . tiarépov 2 ,
V6, Y ; Oarepor E’, L] , B , vu lg . 7 . r et ainrat A2 . 8. 6.1 60e 2 , L,
A I . 2 , V6; ram »
H
vulg
4 . 6 fl oat if dpxfis , i. e . tire original
m aker : 6 véaov n ods is used like vapo
Oérm , fo r the lawgiver, who se title is
perpetual . In 6véaov Gets the participialfo rce appears with its designatio n o f tim e .
In xxm . 25 we have 6 Gels 769
and in 27 6767 vbaor fl eets, b o th referringto the sam e lawg iver and the sam e law
(fro m different po ints o f view).—61||w-rt
talc, a friend of Me people o r q/ popular
govern m ent : see Ar. Nub . " 87 , 6267k”
6rahatbr iv ¢dt66muorrip Maw. Aeschines (m . t68—t7o ) gives five m arks o f a
Mao-ru bs, which Dem o sthenes ridicules in
£ 2 2 . Aesch . o pposes the 6M‘
yapxtx63
to the Gnaorurbr.
5 . mi 96k J pn-po uch es : i. .e Solo nthought that these pro visions fo r an im
partial hearing sho uld have no t m erely
the o rdinary sanction which alllaws have
b y enactm ent (76ypdtbat), but the furthersecurity which they gained b y the judgesswearing to uphold them . This do u blesanction was secured b y enacting that
these prov isio ns should b e a part o f the
Heliastic oath . We do no t knowwhether
they were also enacted in a distinct law,
apart from the oath .
“weigh t, b es idesm eaning to propose a law ordecree, o ften
refers to (lie enactm ent as a whole, as
here .
7 . a. eds atria: m i. Staflokds,here used like hodopla ‘
re Kai atria in xxu .
2 1 , 2 2 . There atria is thus defined, as
oppo sed to {kn /x09 : atria m yap éa‘
rtv
67 a» rt: WM? W an na: Mrycp pr?) napa
a'
xrrrat nlarw air M'
yet, Ghe-
yxor 6661 a»
«is: a» an ) rt: ital rdhnaés 6pm ? 56190Com m only, atria refers to an accusation,whether true o r false : cf. 5 n
" (str epficav
3 . 7 00« 9611 90, “yew : in public su its(7 pa¢al) in the Heliastic co urts, each
side spo ke o nce (though the tim e m ightb e divided am ong severalspeakers), theplaintiff first ; in private suits, and in the
Areopagus, each side was allowed a
seco nd argu m ent.
4 . u pd fictv, to escape (act by)Schol.
5 . 7 00Myom e 60m , Me second
(later) speaker, i. e . the defendant (rat?
see Ar. Vesp . i 5, 06ME”
npb repos, Hyper. Eux. I 5, 6 1rp6repos
hé-yanv. Cf. Dem . I . I6, 7 06: 601-6
6. Sinat’
, pleadings, the statem ent o f
his rig/its : cf. 97 (see “la t h—1 9008651
f at, slur” receive kindly , take u nder his
7 . 051 -0 repeats with em phasis the
idea o f napaaxdw dxpoarflv.
TlEPlTOY ZTE¢ANOY
Me'
hhwv 83 f or? re iSL'
o v Biou n awbg, (59 gam e, hdyo v 8
8086t n ip epov Kai. ‘réiv Kowp wen ohtrevpe'
vwv, Bo éhoptat
adhw 7 069 06069 a apaxake’
a'
a t, Kai. e’
vav'n'
ov finely 66x0p a t
17p o piep , 60171: eiivo cav Exa m e’
yd: Starch ? rfi m ihec Kai.
2 28 m ic -w 7 00-a in cipfat pm . sis rovrovi. 761: o
’
eyéiva , 5v V I 3 I A
o rt pe'
lthet O'
vvow'
ew Kat. npo s evSoftav xowp m u
npbs 61,
106,
3 b éxa'
owp, 7 081-
0 n apam'
fia at 1r80'w n epi.
Tom a-i rfis ypaxpfic yvéiva t.
3 f 3 I I I I
Et p ew o vv wept m v 58m m p ovo v Kam‘
yopno'
ev Ataxtm q, 93 H 5 I 3 I
Karyn: wept am ou ro v npofiovltevparo s evflvcav an ehoyo vpmv'
8’
06K e’
kofrrw ltd'yo v rdhha Steftdw dwihwxe Kai. rd.
n heia ra Karapetfa'
aro'
p o v, dvayxa'
io v ciwao papilla: Kai. Sik a to vV I t V t A 1 a A A
alt o . Bpaxea , w avSpes Aflnvawt, wept rowan! em ew npwro v, 5
5 I . r. filo !) om . All, 0. a. pooh “ . a dr ep év dpxfivulg .
, om . V6; xao.
6: 6px?) om . 2 , L1, A t. a. 3 . évm lm O . 4 . £76 om . Y . rfi 1 6h ; L ;
rfire 1 6h“ vu lg . 5 . par 21, L
‘, As ; you. r ap
’batik vulg . 6. uéhhocV6, 0
(co rn ). 7 . r apao rfio'at MSS. ; r apao rfivat Bk Bl. ro t): Oeobs (after napaa
'
riiaat)vulg . ; om . E , L‘, A2 .
9 . 3 . h6‘ywr O‘. dvdhwxe B’. 4 . nhelwA2 . 5. eln eiv rpG
f or 2 1, L, A: a-rov th eir 2 (corn ), vulg .
g I . r. Myov 8t86vat, to render an 6. 6 see no te o n
account, used o ften o f the form alacco unts 665m , s t‘.
which allo flicers o f state rendered at the 7 . “ pad-nic est : sc roils 0606:
swam : see Aesch . m . i t, n , and cf. as in wo rm s, to give t/m t
62‘ (below),
In 0—5 2 the orato r replies to
charges which are fo re ign to the indictm ent (GEw rfis 7 pa¢iis). We have (1) anintroduction in 5 9 then (2)he speaks o fhis private life in to , n then (3) o fhis public po licy in 1 2—52 .
Under (3) we have an introductio nta—r6), and the defence o f his policy
concerning the ,
Peace o f Philocrates 1 7The last contains an introductio n
(5 the narratio n i8 and the
conclusion 50
§9 . r. au x in-111691100 , i. e . if Ire
[ta dconfined I u'
s accusation (in his speech)to Me charges in lu
'
s indictm ent (wow)see the sam e distinctio n b etween ran ;‘
yope? and xplvet in 154
2 . n poflouh tiparos : the strict nam e
o f a b ill which had passed o nly the
Senate , tho ugh the less exactMme /ta was
o ften applied to it : see {fit—06069 dv
fir ehoym ipqv, 1 shouldat onceproceed (lit.
be n owproceeding) to my defence , etc. Cf.
34‘
3 . min (him , quite as m uck (as in
his pro per accusatio nL—M a Snitchb elo ngs to b o th dvflhwxe and xara/weéo aro .
—1-d. « henn a : the antithesis to the com p .
ot’
m exam . seem s to show thatthe super] .is to b e taken literally. The statem ents
repudiated by Dem o sthenes ab o ut his
private life and the Peace o f Philocrates
can well b e said to outnum ber all the
o thers.
14 AHMOZGENOYZ
iva dac'
iw 7 039 ifwflev ltd'yo te irype'
voc a’
hhorpm'
epo urawtirrép m s ypafi s 8l.1“:i d.o pov .
Hepi. néo 81) 76V ti8i 60a ho c80pofipevo sBefihaa'
gbfipnxe3 A I C C A I I 3 8
wept. ep o v , Oeaa'
aa fle cos arrha Kai. 8txata Reyes. s i prev “7 7 6a Q Q 2 A 2 v 1 I
as ro co vro v ato v o uro s nrtaro (o u yap althofit. rrov Befit a
13 n ap:initio ), 95v avaO'
xncrfie, ci. wawa rd.
5 xowa vrre'
pev n en ohirevpa t, 8003 dvaa'
rafw es Karatqpt'
o'
acrfle
17817 67. 8s n ohhcp Beltran» ro vrov real. in Behrto vwv, Kai.
my8ev6s réiv perpiwv, iva pn8év e’
rraxflés ltéyw, xeipo va Kai.
e’
pé Ital. 7 069 674069 fin ethn'
cpare Kai. ‘
yvyva'
aa xere, 7 015q név3 C A «V I A C C I 9 3
vrrep ro wav m ar-w ere (8nhov yap we aaouas an av
'
r
lo e’
rrhofrrero), e’
pto i. 13V n apd. wafv'
ra rbv xpévo v eiivo cav3 I 3 A 3 I A I Iev8e8etx06 em 770” t aywvwv ro wnporepo v, Kat. 1m m . n apa6. f airlfwY .
10. r. 69) om .<I> .
5
3. O . 4 . xal"4163 A2 . M u ir you L(7 p). ndrra xolr’ O‘. 5. irr epfi Z. xam m wao'oat E, O
‘. 7. xal
om . V6. 8 . f otm p [ah M) Y . I 1 . f t?» np6‘
repov 2 , L1, A t . 2 , V6; ran 1rp61
'
.
ye'
yerqaévwr A x(m g . 2 (m g . B , vulg .
6. M p é rspov, less hind/y (with
greater alienation ).
7 . l ike 60cm ,
Two genitiveswith drooware rare , tho ugheither alo ne is com m on.
—inrlp : in the
sam e sense as r cpt, as o ften in the orators ,
who , however, o ften o bserve the com m on
distinction . Cf. 1‘and§lr
’ 5, andxxm .
19, robs r ep! 7 63» véawv M‘
yovs drown you.
The reply in lo ,1 1 to the charges
against his private life and character
am ounts m erely to a scornfulrefusal to
discuss them , and an appealto the judgesto decide the case at once against him if
they b elieve them .
10. r. wept “iv lfl aw: with Janfiefihao cpfianxe (no twith Myer),the om ittedantec. o f the cognate 600. being u nder
stood as lim iting as re
gards all the calrtm n ics which he has
abu sive/y uttered about my private life.
The whole sentence r ep! is
parallel to brép in I t“
.
(VV
est. , Bl. ) p‘M ‘
paper : fo r the relation o f hocGopla and
fihaa¢mda to xafl n Opla see Cf.
Cic. Cae l . 3, 6: accusatio crim en de
siderat, rem ut definiat, hom inem ut
no tet, argum ento pro b et, teste confirm et ;
m aledictio autem nihil hab et propositipraeter contum eliam . fiham ula is slan
der, a specialfo rm o f horGopla, abuse in
general . Ourwo rd blasphemy (like m anyo thers) never go es b eyond the specialm eaning which itderives fro m the ecclesi
asticalGreek : cf. angel, apostle, hypocrite,liturgy, etc.
3 . ro to'lif ov: se . bvra (M . T .
So xeipora (l.
4 M“ « Mr “60'o an“Mm baevbr he drdaxqo fle, i.e . stop my
speech at once—a dm u i. no tvd: i. e . theym ay settle the case without reference to
his public acts .
6. M eta ital. lit Behfl dvo v, better andbetter born , a com m o n expression : cf.
XX“. 63 , 68 ; and 7 1: do xalrlraw, 1 26°
(b elow). See Terent. Ph . i . 2 , 65, b onamb onis prognatam .
7 . 7 6V perplo v xelpova , i. e .
quite as good as any of ou r respectablecitizens : this m oderate expressio n is m adem o re effective b y Ira Mylo : see 5 ( 267.
1 1 . h i. n om v dyeivc v : see 55 249,
16 AHMOZOENOYZ
1 e I " 2 1
Ta p er o vv Kam'
yopnp eva n ohha , Kat. wept. aw em wv
p eydhas Kai. rds e’
axoiras o i. m ino r 8i8da<n rtpwpt'
as'
rail
83 n apévro s dyéivo s 1) npoaipea ts ah” ) e’
xflpo i)pév e’
1rrjpetavixet Kai. dfipw Kai. ho c8opt
'
av xai. u pon'
qham o'
pov ciao ?) Kai.
5 n afura rd ratavra°
réiv us’
urai nar'
rryoptéiv Kai. rélv airuiivA 2 I «V 9 9 A 2 v A I I
rawetpnpevwv, em ep no'
ap ahnfiets‘
, OUK em . m wo ke: 81x17!)
1 3 aifiav hafle’
iv, 068’
e’
y-
yiis . o i) ydp drba tpeia flat 76 npo a eh
§1 2 . 1 .
A2 , ti> (7 p B (7p) ; rdrrovo t L (7 p), vulg .
at'
rri) A 1 , 6, B, Y .
4 . 2 (no t as stated), L, vulg .
r ohhd 2 , L1, A 1 . 2 , V6 f on d. italBeard. vulg. 2 . 6:66am 2
, Ldvm
'
(thus) 2 ; all-n ; <l> ; air-nj
' L
inflpetav 2 (7 p), L9, vulg . ; t poalpeaw E ; erpoatpeatv L
1.
6. En 2 (7 p), L’, A 1 to ri and lidA 1
(corn ) ; PxerE, L‘, A2 in ! L Y , V6.
1 8 . 1 .
vulg .
he dwells o n the o utrage o f b ring ing such
grave charges against a statesm an: in a
way which ne ither allows the accused a
fair o ppo rtun ity to defend him self, nor
gives the state any adequate rem edyagainst him if he is guilty, while it m ayentailgrave consequences on an innocentperson .
1 2 . 1 . r ep). Jv M aw, about which
in som e cases : evlar qualifies «in
Cf. 111 . 1 1 , robs r ep! rdir arpar . lrlovs,
andxxvu . 23, realbaa b aa ; also Thuc. 1.
6, in refs fiapfidpocs (an y ale.
3 . 2] wpoatpen s aft-n" (so at'
irn‘
is m uch m o re express ive than airr'
h (withno sto p), po inting vividly to the follow
ing statem ent o f the true purpo se o f
Aeschines . It also gives rtsv p in-
o:
xam opuiir (5) its pro per relatio nto éx0po6aév. The Schol. charges thispassage with (iodpeca n ova). The tho ught
is as follows —The charges includesom e o f the gravest known to the law,
which provides the severest penalties fo rthe o ffences ; b ut this su it was never
b ro ught to punish anyb ody fo r these . I
willtellyo u what its o b ject is (am ) it
is to give a perso nalenem y an oppo r
tunity to vent his spite and m alice , whileit gives the state no m eans o f pro perlypunishing m y crim es if I am gu ilty.
The first clause, 7 6 (1 ,states the gravity o f the actualcharges,
and is o pposed to the following roii
apatpe‘
iJ Oa: E (with later 6412 crowded into the line) ; d¢atpeiaflas 6ci
abrn. The latter introduces the doub leco nstructio n, (a) éxflpoii and
(b) rtfiv Merca n oby 67 7 152, in which the
m o tive o f Aeschines and the inadequacyo f this su it to deal with the alleged
crim es are declared. The last two
clauses are co nfirm ed, (a) by 06
6ixa¢6v iarw (b ) b y ahh’é¢
’
01s
(5 Finally, 06shows that
Aeschines, b y his present actio n, virtuallyadm its that the course just po inted o u t
(ip’
ofs . . 7pa¢6ucrov) is the o nly co nsistentona—hnjpetav, m alice (cf. se e
in pedg'w, m aliciously insult,
4 . 1x21, involves, contains .—6|so ii : this
(no t is the only reading o f Z .
6. cheep fits-
av D‘rfie‘
is. si verae erant
(no t esseni), a sim ple suppo sition , withno thing im plied as to its truth : there is
no need o f reading ot‘
ur évfir in the apo
do sis. - o :llt (Vt, it is not possible, i. e . bythis suit. o bs face: (2 , L
1) wo uld be in
stro ng antithesis to Exec. (4 ) with the
sam e sub ject, 6 rapdw a’
yn’
w: West.
translates this bietet sie nicht die M oglichhcit. But is 6 dyc
‘
or obx lxe: rfi :rbhet
61m )» kafieir a po ssib le construction in
this sense ?
7 . 068’
lyytis (se . delay), nor anything
1 8 . Here the o rator gives the m ost
striking proo f o f his adversary’s m alicio us
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
A A A
flew rep Kat. héyo v rvxew év e’
n'
rjpet'
as raffet ital.(60611011 ro iiro n o ceiv— o iire roils Geode 6p069 3x01! 0131
'
s
n ohtrm bv ofire 8iKa 16v (3 du8pes’
A91)va?o v dhh’
it};Q A
at; d8u<o vvrafA
empa r‘ijv 1rokw, 0605yes m hucourowfihixa 5
e’
rpa7 q58et Kai. 8tefyet, rats in riiwVii/m m rtpwpia ts n ap’
3
avra rd8ucn'
para xpfio flat, ei. 116V eia'
ayyehiasdfta npdrrovfi’
C I 3 Accopa , ecc ayye
’
hho vra Kai ro vro v r6v rp61ro v eis Kpt'
o'w Kafit
7 . xpfiaao oa: L, vulg .
purpo se (éxbpoii én jpetar), viz . his b ringing a fo rm o f su it b ywhich he hoped todeprive Dem o sth . o f the power to defendh im se lf (Myov rvxeiv). It m ust b e re
m em bered that Aesch . had no t m erelyprosecutedCtesiphon insteado fDem o sth . ,
b ut had also (200—202) b eso ught thejudges m o st earnestly to refuse Dem o sth.
perm issio n to speak as Ctesiphon’
s advo
cute .
1 . 06 1641 W in-Oat n.r .h . if we
o m it 615? after d¢atpeio bat (see crit. note),ci¢acpeia0a1 and roiiro n oteir with theiradjuncts are subjects o f odre
f oh rtxbv oflre Mam bo éarw, the negationo f ob and 066
’
b e ing thrice repeated inours . As we naturally o m it ob in transla
tion (thatwe m ay translate obre), we can
give the em phatic 066'
(2) the fo rce o f
stillm ore (darn , BL), and translate , forto try to tahe away my right to com e beforethe people and be heard—stillm ore to do
this by way of m alice and spite—is neitherright nor patriotic (see no te o n 4 ) nor
ju st. is co native (cf.For cipcupe
'
ioOa: as sub ject (where wem ight expect r6a
'
xpcu peio Oat, were it not
fo r the following r6 rpoaehbe'
iv), see
Thuc. 111 . 38, M raaflat 66, rd? iraaei‘
v 61-1.
é-rytrrdrto xeluewov, avrlrrahor 6v pdh wra
rho rmwplav b ahayfidvet, and 11. 87 ,
r epryl'
yveras . J avaaxe'
iv .—r0‘ wpocn hfletv
.rvxetv here is the right o f every accusedcitizen to b e heard b efo re the po pu larco urt, which is here called as when
it is addresseddv6pes’
A0qva?oc.
2 . iv lfl pdae rifts, by way of (venting) m alice : cf. § in and
xx. 81 , iv ixOpoOpiper. S im ilar is 111 . 3 1 ,G. D .
rpdrrorra 2 , L1 rpdrrorrdas vu lg .
iv bn pérov ital113000061012 pep“.
3 . dire after of: see
Eur. frag . 32 2 (N 06x tart! obre reixor
odre xpimara 0171"dhho 6va¢bhaxror 066611
(in 7 vVflo—6p“, lxov : stronger than
6p06r.
4 wolm xdv, pro perly belonging to
the state (see 5 here due to the state
from a citiz en : cf. x. 74 . 0151: low: 0666
nohtrtxibs. Such conduct, it is m eant, is
notfair to the state. In 111 . 48, t om
refers to the sim ple old- fashionedSpartanstyle o f warfare .
—l¢'
ch a inipa : the
condensed fo rm fo r in ! refs 66txrjaaaw 66.6111o he éu
'
ipa : cf. g5 . 0601 m httto frrou (= el in roll:
xafira), supposing them to have been so
great.
6. k payéset ital. Slfl lt (see note onset forth in his tragic style (i. e .
pompously), referring to the theatricaldays o fAeschines, like br oxptverat,Cf. X IX . 189, raiira rpa
'
yqibei. at
7 . M afia: (se . 6lxatov fir, suppliedfrom 6lxa16v éarw in l. he ought to
8. clanyylhhom and M W(10) express the m anner o fwww, and
with it m ake the apodo ses to the co nditions and (se .
éa'
ipa): cf. ols écbpa elo a-
ryéhhwis
to indict by elaawehfa, as 7pd¢ouat is
(pro perly) to indict by ordinaryNo tice the distinctio n b etween 7 pd¢ovrar apdropa,proposing illegalm easures, and
r aparbawr 7pa¢6uevov, :ndsctm gfor illegal
proposals. Fo r the doub le m eaning o f
the passive of ypdcpwsee note on 5
2
1 4 e’
ypdillaro .
1 5 3,0m airro i).
18 AHMOZOENOYZ
a ra'
vra 1rap’
bpiv, ci SE ypd¢ow’
a n apoivopa , n apavépwvI I A
8I
8f
10ypa¢op evow o u yap a ov Km a'
ttpwm'
a prev vvara t twicews s s v s e s I s s o
81. else , eye 8 eurep efeXe-yfew evop tlev , avro v owe av
4“ fKai pipe ei 7 1. n or dhhwv wv vuo i. Ste
'
flahhe Kai.I i v s e A s A I c A e I s I
Stefpet 7) Ka t alth on o vv a8uco v1rra I “vpas empa , eta-
t vap o r
1repi m iwwv Kai. Ttpwpia t, Kai. a’
xychves Kai Kpt'
O'
ets fl LKpd. Kai.A 9 A
p eydka gxova a t fl im n'
p ta , Kai. ro bro us e’
fiqv arraa'wxpna flav
5 Kai. 61717v1fx’
e’
tpaive‘ro rafira 1re1ro vq1cchg Kai 7 0137 01} 76V Tpd'
n'
o v
xexpmee'
vo s ro ils 1rp69 fee, cisp oho'
yeir’
do 1) Kam yopt'
a rots
viiv 8’
ecru rfis‘ 6p0fi9 Kai. Sm afae 68017 Kai.
(pvyciw 7 0139 wap’
at’
rrd. rd vpaf'
ypara e’
Xe'
yxo vs, To o-
0157 019
1 1 . téekéyfew A 1 , V6; tfekéyxew L , vulg . , 2‘(8o ver x).
1 4 . 3. xalrmwplat after xplaecs A I , V6. 3 , 4 . vu lg . , 2
(only m g . w. M ). 4 . Exovaac vulg . ; txorres 2 L‘, <I> (7 p). {fin at’
rrq3
1 601. A 1 , V6. xpijabat 2 , L’, B, F , Y , O xpfiabat xar
’A 1 , V6. 6. 111169
pie 2 1 1369 by) L , vulg .
1 6. 2 . 76. om . Ol, with
10. 01’
s ob yap which the judges asse ss (fi nde r). (Seeb elo ngs to b o th clauses Km a . as» and
eye 6’
7s. for it su rely cannot be that
he isprosecuting Cteszphon on my accou nt,
and yet would not have indicted m e ifetc. W itho ut wo rds like new and 66 to
m ark the two antithetical clauses , whichare negatived jo intly, b ut no t severally,this com m o n rhetorical figure wo u ld b e
im po ss ible . The Latin uses qu idem and
sed in such expressions fo r at» and 66,
b ut with less effect see no te on 1 793
.
1 1 . si’
ipl, 4p.) em phatic repetitio n .
5 1 4 . 1 . d fl u iuipa : if he ever
saw m e etc . , a sim ple suppo sition, to
which elol o bnot and if?» are a natural
apodo sis ; 651311 , he m ight, im plies no un
realco ndition . Cf. ép’ols e‘dapa,
ital. Steffi“, i.e . which he
slanderously related cf.
2—4 . there is no
tautology here . He first m entio ns lawsand the ir prescrib ed penalties (rmwplat),which wo uld b e used in dyGwes drlunroc
then processes and (special) su its, inwhichheavy penalties co uld b e inflicted b y vo teo f the co urt (ci'yéives Tram
-
oi). ém rlm a,
like rtpfina-
ra , are especially penalties
Me ier and Schb m ann , Att. Proc., pp .
208—2 1 1 ,
5. bar-qvtx'
M iter-0 is so nearly
equ ivalent to e! t ore é¢alrero (M . T .
that if he had ever bee nseen best translates
it. It is o ften im po ssib le to express anunrealconditio n in English by a relative
sentence here whenever he had been seen
would no t b e clear.
6. neq plm rots « 963 us, to have
dealt with m e (m anaged his relations to
m e) : den Streit gegen m ich so gefithrt
(BL). West. strangely renders rots t pbs
A“ die auf m ich anwendbaren Rechts
m ittel, referring to 761m , a’s
ya'
ives, etc. (soWe il)—épokoyet1
"
i v, would have been
consistent, the im pf. referring to the
various occasions o f item /1.61108 . If he
had b ro ught the pro per su its (ai-yéives m l
xpto ecr) against m e personally at the tim eo f each o fl
'
ence , his style o f accusatio n(ram opla) befo re the co urt wo uld have
b een co nsistentwith his co nduct where
as now xa‘rvn ope
'
i at» xplvet 64} rov
rovl the latter b e ing his presentGp
‘
yov .
g 1 6. 2 . 7 00-
067 0“tic -report xpo'
vo ts
the Peace o f Philo crates (o f which he is
l'
lEPlTOY ZTEQANOY
“bar
repo v xpdvow airias Kai. a xaippara Kai ho rSopias 01 111.A A
(hafniu m ; inroxpivera o elra Kam yopet néo e’
po v, xpt'
vet SeA A 3
rovro vi, xai ro v [Liv dyawo s‘ 6X0v rip! npbs
‘ 3p. gxdpav 5Anpoia rara t, o isSap o v 8
’
e’
n i rabrnv dn'
qvm m hs e’
p o c m v
C I A l I I f
erepov £1)e em u /s tar: aq'sehea'dat (baton
-
a t. Ka wo t 1rpo s 1 60 9 v s A A v o s A
0: avSpec Ad'
qvato c, rats akho cs 019 do em ewc A v A s «V A I 9
vvrep Km m dswvro s exo t, Ka t. rom ep o cye So xec Kat aahI I Q A c I V fl C A
em orwe b y Xeyew, 07 1. m c np erepac exflpac meats ed) mean:
A l’ A
airrwv sixato v no 761: e’
feraapbv v atew'fia t, 01’
s 76“Ev 17s 5
dhkrjhovs‘ dywviljec fla t n apakeiv ew, e
‘
re’
pqo 3’
61-
0) xaxév rt.
Scho oner {fireiw inrepflohij ydp dSucias 7 01376ye .
Ha'
y ra p e‘
v ro ivvv rd xarnyopnp e’
v’
6,10i in 7 015e (iv 1 7
3, 4 . awayaycbv o ver o vu¢om§o as L .
1 6. 2 . Z, L , A2 ; rois dkkoes 6¢xalocs Z (yp), B,
vulg .
6¢xalo¢s o ver ols L’ ; dr am r . e n" (3 hr .
’
AO., 01s do u s 6¢xalo¢s A 1 , V6.
3 . 7 0177 67’
A 1 , V6. 60x02B . xalMAW -
m (end)Q. 5. abrc'
bv V6.
éfm ao'
ubv (43 o ver n) E. 6. r apaketr eiv (1. o ver lst cc) 2 rapahett ew (7 p. it
o ver ear) L ; r apaktr e‘
ir A2 , Q.
5 1 7 . 1 . rd om . L‘.
especially speaking) was ten years old
when Aesch . first b ro ught his su it (336
4 . inroapivm c, he plays his part : cf.
em u -
{66a in The wo rd im pliesn o t o nly pom po sity b ut dissim ulation ,tho ugh farless o f this than o ur hypocrisyand hypocrite. (See no te on - 1ra1
-1|
see no te o n
5 . 7 06 dyiim 6X0» « pate-
" m t, he
putsforem ost in (at the head of) his whole
6. «mam ,nowhere, i.e. never : cf.
06in 5 l25xwith following lym iiOa .
—h rlm in-
mt, upon this ground (that o f o ur
enm ity), keeping the figure o f dr aw-
m ean
inch—o rwith a view to this, i. e . to fightit out (West. , We il, BL): cf. lvraGO
'
dr iyvrnxas, 1 2
7. k m piav“abo u t, i.e . to inflictdn uta , which Ctesipho n wo uld incur as apublic deb to r if he were unab le to payhis For the argum ent o f 1 7—62 on
fine if convicted. The spurio us indict the Peace o f Philocrates, with its threem ent in 55 sets this at fifty talents (see div isions, see note b efo re 5 9.
n o te o n H ist. g 1 7 . 1 . 6P M with whom, all
10. 3 . 801m , personal, se . 7 13 (from
2—2
we translate it seem s that one m ight
say , b ecause we m ust use a finite verb to
express ctr Myra (M . T . 7
5. Stxawv flv, we ought (M . T. 4 16)here o f present tim e.—1
-dv M r
r oute -Oat, to settle up. eferao'nbs inder klas s . Literatur nur hier : sonst éféram s.
”Bl. Bekk . Anecd. 93, 20, says o f
its use here , 017 ¢a¢n 6bxm0v etvar 00110
fl Oéuevov . Cf. éééraaw n onjo ew,
6. H m» m n lqfl tv, to sech what
other m an we can harm , éréptp standingem phatically b efo re the indirect interrog .
Grip : the direct question would b e é-
répqs
rim 616m m ; Weil, who m akes 67 g: a.
com m on relative , with éréptp assim ilated,quo tes Aen . 1 . 573 , urb em quam statuo
vestra est. But we hardly expect this“ inverted assim ilation ”
(G . 1035) in thelanguage o f this speech .
20 AHMOZOENOYZ
I v I S A I
17801 o v7 e 81xa1w9 o u7 ev7 ahn0e1a9 o v8ep 1a9 e1p27peva'
I a Q A 3 I I
Bo vhopm Se na1 Rafi ev exacrro v avraweferaa'
a t, x01 ”and ?
60a inrép rfis eipn'
mys Kai. 7 139 npeaflet'
as 1ca7 e1pe60'
a76p ov ,
5 7d n ewpayp e’
v’
e'
awq'
i p era Q 1ho xpa7 ov9 ava 7 10ei9’
e)101. . e0'
7 1
A8 avaynawv, as avSpe9 Adm/0. 101, « 11 1. npo omxov 10 109, 019
na7 e’
xeivovs 7 o us xp6v0v9 eixe 7 a. npaiypa7 dvapvqa aa0 Awa. 7611 bndpxow a xa1pbv {Kam a Oewpnre .
To i) ydp m xo v 0'
v0'
7dvro 9 rrohe'
p ov , 01’
s 81’
e’
pé (01’
s ydp8 A Aeywye e
’
1roM7 ev611'
qv 1701 7d7 e), rrpw7 ov pév {mew 067 0) 816v I I A I
xe10'0e wo -
7 e w eas nev fio vkea fim e mery/011 , m u n ep ou
8) A e A I a e A 0 A
“raw. 17010vvra9 opaurre9, 6nfla1019 8 07 10vv «61709171111 1
3 . x01 (b ef. xco’
) om . V6.
31111177 07 A 1 , V6 11110’ 61111117 " B] . 4 .
g 1 8 . 1 .
vu lg . 2 .
0011 the V6.
woke‘nou 17 11070 7 01 A I .
2 . k'
066tp169, with no re
gard to tru th—214mm or . obl. with1601 do . Bl. puts a co m m a after (601 .
3 . Rd'
‘V, singly : Oappoiiw bs 807 111
67 11 11 765013 11178111 xal1111 76. plpos tEed few
7 b. rpdypa 7 a . Schol.—8111107 011 : o bj. o f
02117 11011 1 (West ): cf. 11110’
81111 («away
drwrepeiv , XX I. 14 2 . B1. om its Srandreads tran
’
But it m ay b e rightto read xa0
’
Gr61111177’
11157 1311 éferdo as : cf.
xwpls 8111107 11 xx111 . 2 1 .
4 . 611411 (like 1re'
pl): see no te o n 97.
5 . draf ted: ino f, putting upon m e.
Originally Aeschines prided him self onhis clo se co nnection with Philocrates inm aking the peace : see 1 . 1 74 , 7m elp
'
hm v
rbv 61’
£11013 xalt oxpdrovs yeyernplvnr.
(See H ist.6. ital« po o
-ii11011 h as, and becom ing
as well (as necessary): to w9, (Sh ows
7 . dwpviio'
a t : se .
added in m o st MSS .
151 0111181701. r ecpdo oum .
8. 11962 . stamp» with reference to its
specialoccasion (thatwhich belongedto it).5 1 8 . 1 . Q o xm oii c ou pon : the
Sacred or Phocian War b egan in 356
355 and ended in 346B.C. Dem o sthenes
which is
76, 7 1160"
0116s,Ct
“
. xx.
xab’
811 8111117 7 011 vul
baa ye O . 6.
4111130111 2 ,L, A2 1111011107001 finds O drag . 13116: vulg .
rare (from 7 67 e) 2 (yp), B‘, F, Q, O
‘. 3 .
g . ; xab’811 éxaar
’
E ; 11118’
15 0111 . Q . 7 . dra
8. Oewpetre (6o ver a )V6.
06 ydp 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , V6; 015 yap 6h B ,iflofihefl
’fle Y . 4 . 61 1
m ade his first speech in the Assem bly(on the Sym m ories) in 354 B.C. (SeeHist. 55 4 ,2 . o i
'
rro 8141101001 : when we com
pare this judicio us acco unt o f the feelingso f the Athenians towards the PhociansandTheb ans in 346B.C. and earlierwiththe im passioned language o f the speecho n the Em bassy and o f the Seco nd and
Third Philippics, we see the so b eringeffect o f tim e and o f recent events . Whenthe Theb answere exulting in the devastation o f Phocis b y Philip , and the politicalinterests o f Athens dem anded that the
Phocians sho uld b e pro tected as allies,Dem o sthenes seem ed to o verlo ok the irsacrilegio us plundering o f Delphi , whichhe now acknowledges . Again , the intim ate alliance o f Theb es and Athens in339 B. C.
, and stillm ore the destructio n o f
Thebes byAlexander in 335, hadchangedthe Athenians ’ b itter hatredto the deepestsym pathy. Still the o rator canno t denythe old hostility against Thebes, nor thechief ground fo r it.4 . (60
-1 1 ) 67 10011 611 M m 1111.
00001 11 : see M . T . 592 and 2 1 1 . It is
o ften hard to express in English the
fundam ental distinction b etween the infin .
ilEPI TOY ZTEQANOY
1700060 111, o inc dhdyaw068’
d81'
xw9 6py1§6p evo 1°
o i9 s
ydp eim sxrjxea'
av e’
v Ae15117p019 o i) 7.1e7p1fw9 e’
xe’
xpvprrw 30e10°
i) Ba ch-61100009 11110 001 81e10 7rine1, Kai. 060
’
o i. 11 10017117 6
Aaxe8a 1110v1'
ov9 067 109 ifaxvov aia'
re dvekeiv ain '
o iss, 060’
o i»I 3 I Q I I I
17p07 epo v 81 exewwv apxowes Kupto 1 7 10V n okeaw akhaA
7 19 2711 dxp17 09 Kai. n dpd 7 0157 019 Kai. r7a 7 019 dhhow a'
1ra0'
1v 10
I C A C I
ept9 7 apax77. 3 opwv o Q 1>1 117 1709 (o u yap 1711 1 9
drpavfi) 7039 fl ap’
5111110 7 019 17p0367 a t9 xpn'
para aivakia'
xwv
6. ebrervx‘
hxwav V6. 10. t apd rois 001019 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , V6; r apb. om . B ,
vu lg . 60 1101: 2 1 ab o ve), B ; L, A 1 , V 6, F (yp), QO
and the finite m o ods with 1307 s , and o ften
im possible when the infin . has he and
m ust therefore b e translated by a finiteverb . We sho uld generally translate
here , you were so disposed that you
wished. .andwould have been pleasedetc.
as if we had 1307 6
do,whereas the tho ught is , you were (so)
disposed (as) to wish " . and to feel that
y ou would be pleased etc.,which is no t
the sam e (M . T. See G ildersleevein Am er. 10111 . o f Philol. v11 . 161—1 75 .
im flijrm do with its protasis 1100060111 ,in its generalsense , represents 1140700152311”do el 1 40010 . The positio n o f w éas
and 9 17511100 6’shows the ir strong
antithesis .
5, 6. 0h fi t inee-
av, theirsuccesses
se . et'
fl ux'hptam r (o bj. o f éxém vro).
Cf. t epl 1511 h rwm n jxeo av, 949
.—iv
M fl pots : for the b attle o f Leuctra in37 1 D.C. see Gro te x. Ch . 78. B1. quo tes
Isoc. Phil. 53 on the effect o f Leuctrau po n the arrogance o f Theb es . See xx .
109, showing the b itter feeling o f De
m osth . him se lf in 355 B.C. : 9 1)
flaioc ¢p0v0601v ér’151167 117 1 11112 n ovnplg
fl insets in ! ¢1M pw fa 11111 7 81 6111111 11.
fiobke081u . Cf. Diod. XVI . 58, 7 b. Aevx
7 pucb. pponjpara (Leuctrit insolence) 01107 611 111 7 611 Bu t-17 137 . See no te o n Q6. 6111102 after 0111717 011 he»: see no te
o n 97. Su n ris es, was in dissension (dis
tracted). —o i 111009117 03 : these were especiallythe Messenians andArcadians, with
their new cities Messene and Megalo po
lis, estab lished b y Epam ino ndas, and theArgives . See V . 18 : clyhp
’Apye
‘
1‘
01 a n
real Me001511101 xal Meyaltorroh‘
irm xal
rwes 7 1311 710111 12111 Hekor ovwwfwv 6001
7 0197 019 ¢p0v0601v 7 1711 npbs Aaxebam ovlovs imi
‘
v ér txnpvxelav éxflpfiss
070700001, and X en . He llen . 111 .
5, 1 1 : rt'
s ydp 15617 xa7 altelt era1 at’rrois
ebues ;’Ap
'
ye2‘
01 def t ore
600110161? t'
zrdpxoww
8. o f. 11967 19011 dpxowes are no t the
64111007 01 and 6exapxlat o f Lysander (5b ut oligarchies which were m ain
tained by Sparta in Pelo po nnesus b eforeLeuctra and were o verthrown by the
later revolutio ns . Fo r exam ple , Phliuswas captured b y Agesilaus in 380 B.C. ,
and a co uncilo f One Hundredwas established there in the Spartan interest : in366 Phlias and Co rinth m ade a treatywith Thebes which recognized the ir independence . (See X en . Hellen . v . 3, 25 ;
v 11 . 4 , Mantinea was captured byAgesipolis in 385, and divided into fivevillages ; in 37 1 the citywas reestablishedandwas independent o f Sparta (ib id. V.
2 , 1—7 ; V1 . 5, 3 Fo r the revolt o f
Tegea fro m Sparta see ib id. v 11. 5, 6—9.
10. 51191709 (pa Ital. fl paxti, hopelessstrife and confusion . dep17 or is not ad
m itting of settlem ent(spin s). See Hellen .
V11 . 5, 2 7 dxp10fa at 1101 67 1 when.»i
a nd rr)r 714x911 (o f Mantinea) éyeo ero 1)
17116000 £11 rfi'
EM‘dht.
g 10. 2 .
22 AHMOZOENOYZ
I I c s I 7 s 0n am e s 0vvexpove 11011 17p09 11157 009 e7 0pa7 7 e7
°
ei7 ev 019
npdpravo v ahkm 11011. 1111 11 1119 érppdvovv, av7 09 17ape0xeva§e7 0
5 Kai. Kara 1707 7 107 erb15e7 o . (09 Se 7 ahat17wpo 1571 evo 1 7 15) pnxaA I C I A A 8 Q A A7 01) n ohep o v 01 7 o 7 e p ev fiapets 7 07 8 a7 vxe19 Gnfla 1o 1
A
(pavepo i. 17010 17 770017 dvayxa00n06pevo 1 xararpebyew id):vpas, Q 1X1177709, 17 a 71 1) 7 0157 0 ye
'
11017 o a e w oéhdm ev a i.
176Xe 19 , 1171 17 h ev e1p7fmyv e’
xewm s Se Bonflem v e’
1n7yyetka7 0.
20 7 1'
0137 w m ywvim n’
17p69 7 13 haBeiv bhiyo v 86137éx6wa9 e
’
faaarmp e’
vow 1) 7 107 a )tk Ehkrjvwv, e1re xpi)110111 111 7 e1.7 dyvm av e17 e Ka 1 dp <p67 epa ei17 ew, 01
ndhep ov O'
vvexr) Kai paxpov 170).e710157 7wv v v, 1101. 7 0157 07
5 inrép 7 137 0vp¢epdv7wv, 039 e'
pycp (pavept‘
w ye'
yovev, 067 e
§10. 3 . A 1 , V6. 11 137 009 2 , L‘ dhhflkovs L2, A 1 , V6 ; éawobs
vulg . 4 . ”G ot 2 ab o ve), L , A2 cldltlt01 vulg . 6. 7 117 16'
A 1 7 07 i
V6. 8 . Qu art-
01 2 '(b 6Q“. L, vulg . 767 017 0 2 (co rr. L, vulg .
767m m A 1 , V6, B (01 0 ab o ve ) 7 157 177 00. 9. i))1
‘
i7 V6.
5 20. 2 . éxbwas buds A 1 , V6: see Vom el’
s no te . 5 . 7 137 17601 2 , Ll, A2
7 67 11017fi vu lg .
o f som e o f these see 5 48 ; a long blacklist is given in 5 295 : cf. X IX . 259,760mm 6e1767 tuna
-
7 11111117 els r'i)7
3 . m lnpove, brought into collision
(hnoched together): cf. 007611710007 , 1635,
and fwxpobew, Thuc. 1. 068
cf. of: 5 £7 01’
s here
is o ften taken as =e7 ots p vots, while ;b ut cf. 67 ots ér 107 e68177 e in g bu ois
elam eW nnv in 5 2 501, 137 ole 011 117 15
7071121 in 5 £7 ols 8177 11100 in 5tr 011 ebrbxwev in to 11 157 021 ols
xaplj'
orfl u in 1x. 63 .
5. 1767 7 07 “1517 0, he was grow
ing above all their heads , i.e . so as to
threaten them all.—7 1§mixes: cf. 6111167 1”yeyoru
'
ts, Aesch. 111. 148.
6'
d'
rvxei'
s : after 335 D.C. See Schol. ,and no tes on 18° and
7 . dn yxafl c pwo t : in or . obl. withthe perso nal ¢a7 epol13007 (M . T .
11117 0.v If 6952 : no such po ssib ility is suggested b y the language o f
Dem o sthenes at the tim e o f the peace ;b ut tim es had changed.
5 20. 1 . Setv, full form o f
194700 (M . T . qualifies 111167 7 12:
alm ost willing dupes : cf. m xpo ii,
2 . 1)‘
Ehhijw v : the actual sub jectappears in the alternative et7 e etre . See
and xxm . 156: 1) byes-(pa , 13
’AO. ,
etre x77?) ¢1Xa70pm fa7 M7 1 17 40’
67 1 In Isocr. xv . 50 the o riginalcase is retainedwith sh e etre : r ep! 769
elre Bobheo b e xakeiv 6wduews sire
¢1lt000¢fas,
3 . mutt“ , baseness, here in the sense
o fworthlessness . Bl. cites fo r this m ildersense 55 and fo r that o f pos itive wickedness (n om pla) 2 797 ,
But in 5 297°m eta is applied to
the whole list o f traito rs , though r ovnpfa
is added as a stro nger and m ore correct
term .
4 . wdh pov paxpdv : the so -calledAm phipolitan War with Philip (357346 which ended with the SacredWar. See H ist. 5 3 .
24 AHMOZGENOYZ
11167 3601 7 09, o i 3607 7 1 11767 7 19 67 07 3151707 6 67 6110 (663 ydp7 07 7 0 7 701 7 0p07 7 1) Evflo vh09 1101 111711100410 7 67 01 3
’
22 07 367 07 30007 . 6M06111119, 7 07 7 017 7 0107 7 107 67 7 107 1101 60
7 179 19 11706609 07 7 10 3601 7 7 1167 107 , 7 070°
36109 1607’
67 191110 he'
yew 6p’
67 121 7 169 650157 179067 109 yéyevfi0001 1103 1161110hv11619 167 W 17 191 17 0676. 11017 013
5 07 7 63p1'
07 7637 7 015707 770116000001 . GIT,
16— 7 5
6i1ra'
17 06'
7 19 6710639 17p0061'
1701 607 17 61707 01) 170p1i17
17p61§17 srai. 0 7 7410x1'
07 1))1 1f111)7 7 7 7 i. 316675619 6p677 139 17 19161119, 67 070117 7 009, 1) 17071610617
23 7 0137 0 0°
767 Kam yopezs 63630509 1103. 31666h069 ; 1102. ci
76 110916001 7617 11017 107 507 6’
17617pofxe17 67161
2 2 . 3. A I 1607 6 7 0X1107 V6 ; (2nd 1 2 ; 1007 6
7 0h110vulg . 4 . 67 1 1102vu lg 67 1 om . 2 , L1, A 1 , V6, F, Q . 5 . 7 077 7 7 2 ,
L ; 07 797 vu lg
. 7 . 7 7 722 , L ; 7 177 L (7 p , vu lg . 611571 1: 2 , L, A2 67 71070161 17 1101 6115 (7p), vulg. ; 611 7 1101 1 11026165. 9. 7 7 7 2 ‘ (co n . 7 7 7t
L ; 7 7 7 vulg . 1107 17700121 2 , vu lg . 1107 177611111 Vom . ,West , Bl . 1101 (1)
ab o ve) 2 ; 1101L, A 1 , V6 ; fl vulg .
5 8 8 . 1 , 2 . 11 7 62 (no 7 10 visible). 2 . A 1 .
8 . 87 011 M7 07 1 17 1110, for whateverreason (it m ay have been ): 667 07 1 , like067 , m akes 607 1: indefinite . This is as
strong language as Dem o stheneswishes touse o f Eub ulus, the conservative states
m an, universally respected. and perfectlyhonest. b u t a strong advocate o f “peaceat any price .
” For Eub u lus see Gro te111. 386, 387 ; Schaefer 1 . 186—188. Of
CephisOpho n’s co nnectio n with the peace
no thing further is known : he is pro b ablythe Paeanian m entioned in 5 75 , in 11111.293 , and in Aesch. 11 . 73 . Dro ysen,Vtim el, Westerm ann , and o thers thinkKm 01¢€17 shou ld b e read here : of. xxx.
” 1 ‘81 971
10. 06807100: cf. 5 and 807 17 67 07 ;
5 Dem osth. is fully justified in thisstrong denial .5 2 2 . 1 , 2. 67 7 117 , 81 1117 11147 07 : ad
versative (M . T .
4 . M 7001, 111110117 1161 dnv : fo r
the perfects see M .T. 103 . 109. The
who le sentence (3—5)0001 refers to the elab o rate charge o f
Aesch ines (58 that Dem osthenes
pressed the nego tiations fo r peace withindecent haste andthereby excludedo therGreek states from the benefits o f the
treaty. The answer in 5 2 3 is perfectlysatisfacto ry. (See Hist. 2 1 .
5 . 07 7 18pf07 : a special m eeting of
delegates sum m o ned byAthens fro m vario us Greek states, which never m et ; no t
the regular synod o f the allies o f Athens,which was in session when the peace wasm ade (Aesch . 111. 69,
—oi, 7CC7
woo 617001617 7011 and 61006117011
com b ined (BL): for the regular positiono f b efo re 6117 167 . see M . T . 2 24 . Cf.
167 1 0’
Ar. Nub . 1 378.
6. (07 17 817011 : tem po ral , like 06601100in 15
°and —1rapdv b elongs to
(as a
who le): the m eaning is. were you ever
pra m ! when you saw m e, ele.
7 . 0116517 1101 w ppaxfcv z the generalb efore the particular. In 5 191
3 the order
is reversed.
5 2 8 . 2 . Ir e-1794 11117 : even the b est
1188. o f Dem osth . give this fo rm o f the
plupf. , while tho se o f Plato generally
llEPI TOY 2TE¢ANOY
A 9 A0o i 7607) 0 1yr)0a 1 ko 11r1
‘
1v 177 , 3007 1102A I I
31000p7 15p60001 1102 7 07 7 010 1 . 7 017 7 7
2 3 3 0133011013 7 037 0,771107 06007 161117 57 5
17 1° A07 7 1 yap 177 17p10B1 1fa 17p39 6117 10 7 0M16
'
7 1) 767 1 7 1117
e 9EM ‘
rivwv, dkh0 1701 01 661knk1ype'
7 01, 059’
1 ° C r v a e I07 7 09 7 7 11 9 1rep1 7 07 7 1117 61p7)111 7 07 367 . xwp19 36 7 07 7 1117 24
110i. 31030901 61 767 17191 17 76. 1167 10 7 0 67 069 11161531 7 01°
1 i yelpC A V v I A 3
7 11 1 19 0110 7 07 9 1167 Ehhn7 09 1 19 170X1)107 170p1 110)\ 1 17 6, 07 7 01
36 17pb9 <I>1fk1171707 176pi 7 139 160157 179 17p1'
0B1 19 6176111767 6,
Efipvfldro v 17p51y11 0, 015 176k1 1119 603107 xp7)07 1117 6.70pa’
1 5
171117 311 17p11i7 7 1096. oihh’
607 1 7 0137 0, 01511 7 5yelp
4 . 610110p7 15p00001 A 1 4 50801 (a over 1) L . 5. 1176011017 A2 . 066611 "
GZK67 09 A 1 , V6; 66167 101 . o m . 2 , vulg . 6. 066670 2 , L ,vul 0666701 01, V6,
Co b Dind. 7 . 7 67 1 (fo r B 767 1 rdku 2.
2 4 . 3. dhkovr'
Ehk . L , vulg . ; N ous 0111 . 2 , A I . 2 , V6. 4 . 7 271
2 L. vu lg . 6. 611 7 1167 7 1006 (01 co rr. from 801) 2 .
have the olderAttic fo rm in - 1) (fo ras 61-1d 1) in Rep. 336D .
3 . 76 Pl West. says that
this argum ent recurs in vario us fo rm s
7 7 tim es, citing 13 , 1 1 7, 1 2 4 , 188
1 96, 2 2 2 , 239, 24 3 , 2 73 Xo 1r67 67 ,it rem ainedfor you , after at ér erpdxew,
supposing that I had sold (a sim ple suppositio u ). If 12 117 1 170 were m ade an nu
real co nditio n (o u the gro und o f
7 0177 0 in 4 , Xo11767 137 would b e classed
with 661 1, 61110107 177 , etc. (M . T .
and im plyyou ought to have hept silence.
But see no te on 5 —floa“
.v m ight referto the lo ud vo ice o f Aesch . , like 17 1 161»
7 001 111 161, b ut Dem o sth . uses it
also o f him se lf (5 and it is pro b ab lyno m o re than our 113
1 ou t.
6. 057 1 00 10 7071067 1) 767 6
H olm es calls this an“audacio us asser
tio n .
”It m ust b e rem em b ered that
dire-07 0711117 1) is no tan o rdinaryplupf. likedr éw ahro (M . T . 4 which wo uld havem ea nt that no em bassy hadever been sent:
the com pound form m eans that there was
no em bassy the n out on its m ission . The
em bassies were pro bab ly info rm al inm ost cases, and no definite repo rt was
expected from them in case o f failure .
(See H ist. 5 The next sentence
tells the whole truth , éfeknhe'yué7 01 , i. e . all had long before this been
thoroughly canvassed(andfo undwanting).Cf. 20
5- 7, Even Aeschines
(11 . 79) too k the sam e view fourteen
years earlier : 6'
0700617 1117 617 1
xovpo iirros 7 67161 , dhhb 7 617 1167
opa’
17 7 1117 6 7 1 071166067 01, 7 617 6607 7 1 7 1
5 8 4 . 2 . 67 oh 1116817 01 : cf. 5 193
.
The argum ent o f 2—6 is that the nego
tiations for peace show that Athens co uldno t have been expecting such envoys at
this tim e .
5. 353697 367 011 0116700 : Euryb atus
was a proverb ialsco undrel, said to have
b een an Ephesian who was hired byCro esus to raise an arm y and gave the
m o ney to Cyrus. See Harpo cr. under
Ebpbflaror ; Aesch . 111. 1 37 ; and Paroem .
Gr. , Diogen . Iv . 76, undercbpvfian b eaoat,with note .
—176Mas (n ow. an aetfitfor a
6. 01111 (07 1. (017 1 : see the sam e repetitio n b efo re the oath in 5 2081 .
AHMOZOENOYZ
1r0iBo ult'
67 0 6 17'
17 1 o‘
07 . 1 p. 7 1 0 07 7 7 9 67 7 07 7 151 701 110171012 I 3 C A 9
1 17 1 m v 1 1p1)7 7)7 ; altk 7 17 1)px67 01700 17 . d d 1 17 1 7 07
I 3 2 2 I 3 f A
0XX 07 7 01 17671 1 61p1)7 1)9 6307 h67 6006. 07 1107 7«V A 2 A I C 3 2 v I
10 07 7 1 ef apx1)9 61p7)7 1)9 177 671 017 07 3 017 109 017 67 01 61017 07 A ”
Xf I I 3
8\ 7 t
7101, 07 7 1 7 1117 0 M 17 017 1107 61767 007 0 07 1 7 07
365117 7 7 01 .s
E 8\ e s I 7 I 1 e
x7 A
017 1 1 1) 7 017 7 7 1 17017 007 0 7 177 1 1p1)7 1)7 1) 170 19, 67 707 0
f I I C A C I I I
0 111 1110001 7 1 61107 1p09 17p061h67 0 17p07 7 1 17°
110 17
70p 611 7 0157 017 6106006 7 59 15 <I> 1lt517 1701 77 1157 7 0 07 7 07017 156
7167 09, 110i. 7 59 6 17p07 7 017 151767) 1102 7 13 rfi 176X1 1 0 7 71
5 1667107 (7 7 1717 . 6701 7167 7 057 7 7 67 7101110 307 51615017
m v 7 0x50m 7 fl péO'
BGLS 6171 761707 9 67 059 67 7 0<I>5k1171707 17 7 7007 017 701, 110i. 6p1107 9 0170X071307 617
° 015701
8\ 1 e a A A A 1 I A 1
26 1 07 31 7p011107 7 09 17107 7 07 7 0 1701617 1701770007 . 7 1 36 7 07 79 A173157 07 0, 0. 07 3p69 6701 31305601 . 71671 ° I e A e e H
177 0 7 71 1667107 019 17h6107 07 7 07 [1 .67a 70007 07 7 1 7 60001 7 017
9. 06110117 L, vu lg . 1 1 . 06667 b efo re 017 O‘. 1107 om . Y .
1 2 ¢057 67 01 V6.
5 8 6. 2 . 01161100001 2 . 811007 01 V6. 3 . 6106006 7 51 A 1 . V6. 4071 .
7 07 7 0 07 707 107 132 2 (7 p), L’, vulg . ; 1h ) “ 7 6 7 477 157167 7 7 07 7 01 . elp.
07 017 13: A2 . 4 . 76 6. 7 6170117 L, vulg . ; o m . 2 1 (in m g .
with I. 61ri 7 011 7617011 A 1 , V6. 7 . 7 67 001. A 1 . 2 . V6. 17 7 701£7 07 7 01 V66711107 1 767 7 0xi07 1)7 L’, A 1 , V6. 8. 0766vulg .
° 67 2 ‘ (66ab o ve).2 6. 2 . 66157 07 0 A2 . 13 om . B, fi , 0, V6. 3. 767 o m . F ,
<5 , Y .
7 . para-600609 67 . would you have
been sending ?
open to them all: see no te on 9to . rip Q dpxr
‘
ie clp'livm , i. e . the
earlier stages of the peace. But 17p0
7 épar 657167 7 7 in Aesch . 111 . 58 is the
Peace o f Philocrates . o pposed to that o f
Dem ades (338
5 as . 1 . 67 1 181) see note o n
—67 -70i
'
100, here (tem po ral): cf. 066011017,1 15
°
2 . 7 5 r pm 01101-7117 ; what °was
his 7 71001716017 (purpose o rpolicy)?
5 . W 617 :Dem osth . was one o f the
Senate o f 500 in 34 7—346 D.C. , and he
presided, as 7 127 1 7106671017 , in
the Assem b lyof the 2sth o f Elaphebolion(Aesch . 111. 62 , 73 See Hist. §38.
4 0m m , with 6701110, proposed. The
b ill was passed on the third o f Munychi
on (April29) see Aesch . 1x. 92 , andH ist.5 39. N0 concurrent vo te o f the As
sem bly was needed here, 7 117 fiov170115007 701 7 006157 07 xvptav, xxx. (54 .
6. 67 oh 37 1 117067 117 701 (M . T . 6941)
cf. 55 xxx . 154 .
7 . 691107 1 dwehmfldww, to ad
m inister the oaths (i.e . to receive them ):
6111107 1 01706166701 is to take the oaths (i. e .
to give them ). See § and xxx. 3 18 .
8. 01583 7966107 701 , not even after I
had proposed the bill (its passage is
im plied).Q90. 1 . 7C 6867 0111 ; what did this
(5—8)“gut/31 ? Ct“
. 7 111. 57, xxx. 3 1 .
3 . 767 xpévov 767 8911117 , the
intervening tim e (after m aking the peace)
newTOY ZTE¢ANOY 27
5pxwv, 3’
(B9 éhafxw'
rov . Std. 7 5 61'
s ptév aim
z 3 4 mi e'
pas p6vo v, a fikm a are m y eipn'
q 5
ea ea'flat, ado e
’
fehvo '
a'
re ras
“fl apaa xeva s To v wo ke
'
po v
0 83 7 061"
3x wawbs m i) xpévov pdkwfl"
éwpwyparevero ,
vap ifiwv, wrap fiv 61 19969, 000. 769 m ik e s u pokdfim 1rpo ro v
ro v9 6pxo v9 awoSo vvar, m im e. rav'
ra fiefiaicw”
e ew o v3€va
ydp m u eipnmyv hva st rau'ro w evenu . ayd»wpoo p evm , 2 7
i v8p69’
A0nvaio c, Kai hoyclcipevw r?) tlm'
diwpa 7 067 0 ypa'
cfiw,
wheiv e’
1ri. 7 0139 761ro v9 év of? av fl (Dina-
n o s Kai 7 0139 6pxov9
7 97V Taxia‘
m v dwohapfiofvew, iv’
e’
xéwwv epqmé v, 763V
vpere'
pwv O'
vptpcixwv, ravra. 7 a xwpia o. vvv our-
09 Ste'
a'
vpe, 5
TO Ee'
ppto v Ka t. TO Mvpm vo v Kai m y Epyt'
a'
m v, o v‘
rw
5 . iudpas“on e 2 , L, Ar. 2 ; Meow B , vulg .
rd; (b ef. 7 06) om . V6.c an 2 , L, vulg . ; éfihvaaaOe B .
r ov L‘. 7 .
2 7 . a. «i dvapes vu7 6pm ! A r.
(7 p). vulg.
rov‘
ror (v erased) 2 .
; Zéppetov L‘, Y . Mv
lg . ; <3 om . 2 , L, Y, O.
rafira rd. xwpla 2 , L ; rd. xwp. ravd’
vulg.
rip o m . B, Q, Y . 6. (Ech ie'
fehva'
are rd: 7 00
9. 7 a0'ra rdv'ra At. 10. 8” e Al.
7 097 0 1 6W m “; A r. 5. ima
6. Zippwv 2 , l.g
p'rm'ov A I
' Mvm vov (rt o ver 2 ; MflprivorV6; Hip
-
u i (n ov over rev) L ; Mvprm' L (7 p); Mum m y 0 Mop
-n or t ulg .
before he (Philip) :lcoula’ take Me oat/l.
8pm» refers to Philip’s oath , not to the
oaths of the two parties . See Shilleto’
s
no te o n xxx. 164 (p. 393 rb (i)! t he?
07 07 f or wrest) xpévov diarpt¢0iwac 1 136
7 09f or):6mm» a’
roxafle‘
iv (duh ) he quo tesAr. Av . 187 b g imp c
’
fip {w e fi t, bet-
m m
ear“ (and heaven) ; Ach. 433 , retro :
6’
7 G» Ovew elwv flaxé v, w aft)
f air’Iroiis, i.e . between Mere rags and
More af lno ; Thuc. m . 5 1 is 11) m ain)
m ow, into {Ice passage between Meisland (and the m ainland).
lfidv'
fl fl , you broke of"
(stopped):the active, tho ugh som ewhat less expres
sive than the m iddle , conveys the wholeidea, and has the best MS . autho rity.7 . W his own plan , to prolong the
tim e whenAthens m ust be qu ietwhile hecould act, re ferring to 3, 4,
—1: « an d:
1 00M m , i. .e from Philip’3 first suggestions of peace (see 58. in W e all Mat Ire m ight
secure from tie city : we m ight have 60"d: rpokdfi
'
y in the sam e sense (cf. 5
9. co ntinues the or.
061. fro m lfew. Even an optative is
so m etim es thus continued, as in x. n ,
8éa fitm ei‘
v (M . T .
5 2 7 . a. “din -
na 7p“. «Mittcf. h pa¢a dr or heir —»ro9ro , i.e .
the decree just m entio ned.
5 Silo -ups, ridiculed (tore in pieces)re fers to Aesch . m . 82 , where he chargesDem osth. with m aking tro ub le , after thepeace was co ncluded, by m entio ning all
the insignificantplaces captured byPhilip061-6: éarw 6r pé
‘
rros éEevpdwZépptov rci‘
xos
xalAoplmrov m l'
Ep'
ylcxnv xalMvprlcm v
m l I‘
dvos Ital Pamdda, xwpla d! can
rd. dvlmara fldey ev rpé‘repov. Herodotus
m entions Do riscus seven tim es ; Dem osth.
(vm . 64 , 1x. 15) m entio ns Doriscus and
Serrion as captured by Philip in tim e o f
peace . Mvprlcxn (or Mvn b m ) is probably Mvprnvbs jo ‘
co sely assim ilated to
See H ist. 5 39.
(liam translatable), sum s up the pre
ceding éxév'
rwv
28 AHMOZOENOYZ
e s e v s A s l
yuyvowfi o r. opxo c, Kat P 77 apo hafiwv exetv09 ro v9 errtxatpo vs'
1631: 7617601! m ipto 9 1459 S pain ” xaraarain. aokkéiv p e‘
v
xp'
qpa'
rwv fl ohhdw 83 (” pun ter-div evfl opfla as in 7 015e
28 7 029 ho m ok e’
m xetpo iv) wpdypaaw. elm . 7 061-0 pév
ofixi he'
yet Tb Mtp o. 068’
dvaytyvaia xev ci 83 flo vhetiwve’
yo‘
o wpo o'
of'yew 7'o ape
’
aflets‘ t5a Seine, 7 061-6p o v Soaflafh
ha . dhha n’
c3ooa h e fl atew ; p 77 apo a a'
yew ypdtllac ro vs‘
5 e’
1ri ro vfi’
nxowas, w v Stakexdwaw , 1) Oe'
ay pi) xara
7. ybyvowd’
(and v, end o f line, later 2 . 9.
5 2 8 . 3 . diam rpoadyew V6.
7. brutalpovs , seasonable, here cd
vantageous fo r attacking the Athenian '
po ssessions, especially the Cherso nese .
8. ecru —rain and hrsxetpotq (to )co ntinue the finalclause with b e.
m m v q pdfl w: from the rich Thracian gold m ines . Dissen refers to Diod.
xvr. 8, where it is said that Philip had a
revenue o f a tho usand talentsfrom his m ines atCrenides (Philippi ).
10. not: M in ts (cf. 5 m lrat
rem ained to be done .
8 8 . a. Mya—dm ysyvcia nu , re
cites—Ira: it read (by the clerk). M -
ye ,
properly recite, repeat, is the term m o st
co m m o nly usedfo r read in addressing theclerk . In 305 we have have a t a
’
mi
7 vw0¢ Xafia'
w, prob ab ly in the sam e sense
as the sam e verb s here . We find My.
hafiu'
w, dad‘
v dt hafia’
w, hafié, hafié xal
Nye, «pipe xalNye, and 663 used in the
sam e way.
3 . wpoady uv f ain wpiaflets (se . cl:
rip these were the am b assa
do rs sent b yPhilip to nego tiate the peace .
Fo re ign em b assies first presented themselves to the Senate , which by a decree
pro vided fo r their introductio n to the
Assem b ly : see Aesch . n . 58, rats 66
fevm a'
is rpeafielau i) Bovki) ads els adv
dimer rpoaédovs rpoBovkevet. See C . I .
Att. 11. No . 5 1 , ll. 1 2—1 5 : rpoaaya'
yei‘
v
867 003 rpéafleu sis m aim.» at; rip apt
m u éxxknalav , o f an em b assy from the
tyrantDionysius (369—368 Such a
rpofiodhevpa was propo sed b y Dem osth .
etir optaas V6.
in the Senate b efore the arrival o f the
am bassado rs, appo inting a specialm ee tingo f the Assem bly to rece ive them o n the
e ighth o f Elapheb olion : afterwards the
discussion o f the peace was po stpo ned
to the eighteenth and nineteenth . (SeeHerm ann, Staatsalt. 5 Headlam ,
Electio n b y Lo t, 66—68.
—fl 91-6 poo :
yo v is po ssessive . West. quo tes 63 av
you ddavpes, 5 2993. and renam e diafiefihflo
xaalyo u, LVN . 30 ; and Bl. r ohhd'
Opflpov
e‘r a wo iiv'
res, Plat. Rep . 383 A .
5.
-at ; (se . éxpfiv) ought
1 not to [cave ordered Me architect (o f the
theatre) to assign Mm seat: (as I did)?
dear, place to see ; cf. ldecbpovv this
would b e the rpo ebpla (Aesch . tn .
The sto ne D ionysiac theatre was at thistim e b u ilding under the direction o f
Lycurgus ; and the lessee was called
dpxwéxrm , as an im po rtant part o f his
duties was the superintendence o f the
wo rk o f b u ilding . This nam e still re
m ained in use in m uch later tim es. See
C . I . Att. II . No . 164 (pro bably ab o ut
325 in which the dpxtrlxrw is
directed to prov ide seats for so m e publicguests . A m uch later inscriptio n , No .
335, in hono ur o f certain an tiwar, pro
vides eirac ci'frai
‘
s rpoedplav in v ia: ro‘
is
d-
yfiac“ . xalm dpxcréx'rova adv delm 0;
aaduevov xaravéuew aérai'
s 1-
1)v 060 .
Other nam es o f the lessee o f the theatrewere dearpot cbkm and Oea‘
rpn'wm . See
Bo eckh, Staatsh . d. Athener I . 278. See
Ddrpfeld and Re isch , Cricch . Theater,
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY 29
fl I A A Averna t 7 0V apxtrexm va av7 0t9 xeheva a t a». cv TOLV Suo cdfioho iv e
’
Oeaipovv dv, ci. pi) 7 0137,
7d. p ucpd a vg.
¢épo v7 a 7 179 rrrihews 3861. p e ¢vkd7 7 ew, 7d. 3’
dha , dia rrepf I s c
007 00, rrerrpaxeva t ; o v Xéye ro ivvv 76Mrbtapa7 o v7 i hafidw, 8 o u¢69 0157 09 613869 rrape
'
B'
q.
‘I’HdflEMA AHMOEOENOTS .
[l
E'rri iipxovro s
‘ q a ttpt'
h o v, e'
xa7 0pfla cdw09 é'
vy xai. véq,
A I I 0 I
¢v7t179 rrpv7 avev0va 179 Hav vrSoc, q o adevm Anp oadevo vs
Ham m ev9 eirrev, e’
rrer81‘
7 (w m ro s‘
cirroa 'reDtac vrpe
'
aBeur n epi 7 179eiprim n rre170t
'
177 a t avvdrirca9, Beddxdar. Bo vk g'
jSh l a f N f I A Q
rea r 7 9: 81m g: 7 9) Adnvauov, 07 0 9 do 7; eopqm ; errwekeady 17 erre
xecpw ormde’
ia a iv 7 7) rrpa'
ny e’
xxhqarfa, rrpéaBer9 éh e’
ada c e’
x
arciv'raw
'
A017va iwv 73877 are'
vre, 7 0139 84? xerporo rmdéw arg cirrodqp eiv
pndepria v vvrepfiokbv rroco vp e'
vo vs‘
, 577W dv 6v7 a. rrvvdrivrow a t 7 131:
(IJL'
M vrrrov, xai 7 0139 6px0v9 Xafiei’
v 7 e arap’
a 137 01'
) xa i Soar/a c. 7 131: to7 0.751:a e
’
rri 7 a29 dwoM r
ynpévaur avvdrixam a 1’
z7 g8 77p139 7 1311'
A017va iaw Sfipo v, a vpr epc d OV7 a 9 xai 7 0139 e'
lca7 éprov a vg.
7. wept}. L’, vul cm . 2 1 ; am xpd 2’(ab o ve line), L‘, A2 .
A t ; ney Aa ; om . Vvulg . ro .
t apéflrp.) vulg.
36—40, where the b u ilding o f the theatre
is assigned to ab o ut 350—31 5 B. C. It
appears that a part o f the stone seatswerein place in 340. Aeschines (61 , 76)m akes this o fficialpoliteness o f Dem osthenes o ne groundo f his gro tesque chargeo f flattering Philip ! To this Dem o sth .
alludes in g as yap lp olthwart-
candy ,Aesch . , however, m entio ns only
the introduction to the theatre .
6. iv 7 civ Snotv dfiohotv, in Me troo
odolseats , the three -
penny seats o f the
o rdinary citizens . The dcwfieMa , whichwas then given from the theoric fund as
festivalm oney to every citizen who asked
fo rit, paid the entrance fee to the theatre .
It is im plied that the distingu ishedstrangers could have b een adm itted, likeo ther people, to the com m on seats b y
m erely paying the ir two ob ols . With er7 027 80027 dfioko
‘
iv cf. in 7 029 lxdtiatr, Ar.
8. wk (fo r fire)9. r erpaxévar 2 , L , A2 , <l> , Y , B ; t a rp.
th Mr r q: A t ,
007 0: Ar class 2 3 (partly erased), om . 2 1 . Ny e (after
Vesp. 789 (see Ran. in Mefis/lm arket, 69 uvprp, Eq. 1 375.
7. 7d purpd w pdalpov'ra : it is jocosely assum ed that Aesch . o b jected to
the higher price which the state pro bablypaid to the lessee for the front seats, or
perhaps to the state paying at allfo r the
seats o f the am bassado rs .
8, 9. H it r o'
hm : cf. 7 5 7 6A“, 301,
and 2 267 « onw ards: the
change o f tense m ay perhaps b e seen in
a paraphrase ; was it my du ty to watch
Me petty interests of Me state, after I leadsold fier lazi est interests like Mese m enl
With 8M , w/zole, entire, cf. 7 637 fl aw n ,
5 278L
5 20. This decree is a good specim eno f ignorant fo rgery . The Archo n ’
s nam e
and the date are b oth wro ng ; it is called
a decree o f the Senate and the Peo ple ,when itwas passed by the Senate alone ;
30
30 AHMOI GENOYI
m ixow . vrpéaBew fipédna arl Ebfl o vk os‘ Aiaxrfm n
Kodwxibc ,Kq¢ca o¢div
c
Pawn/ava tar, q o xpci7 179 <D7t.ver39, Kle'
m v
r5 Kodm xibnfl
T067 0. ypoftbaw o 9 c’
v 767 6 Kai. 76 7 5 1719161. O'
vp tpe'
pov
013 76 <1> 1M1rrrqs (777 013117 09, Bpaxi: ¢po v7 €a av7 €9 o i. xpna m i
upe'
afiets' 0137 01. Kaflfiw’
e’
v M axedom'
a 7 pei9 6ho v9 pfivo s, 5a mvines (Dam
-
1709 £11 8q m 9 Ka7 a0'
7petbofp ev09, £561!
5 fus epdw86nd , 6p01fw9 867 pt6wi) 7 c7 7dpwv, 7611‘
Ehhrja rro v
7 0V drfixfla t Kai. rd. xwpt'
a. 060m , Xafidwas 7 0139 6p1<o v9
17i e’
xeivo v e’
felteiv 015ydp dv rrapdwwv
f?) 01511 b y dsp COFev 0137611, 1507 6 7 139 eiprjm n do
Stnpapfl jxer Kai. 01311 b y dp¢67 €p'
eixe, seal. eiprjvnv
m Kai. 7d. xwpfa .
T6 7 01:v e’
u 7 7) rrpeaBet'
q. 17p67 o v ulte'
ppa. pév
(Dalufm ro v Swp086m pa 86 763V 6.85v 7 061101! dvfipairrwv
g 80. r. 76 7 67m »:0. 2 .
Al 067 13 i nitia t orvulg . 4 .
éxe'
i xaraarp. E“, L, A 1 . 2 . 5 .
7 . éfeheiv abrbv V6. 8.
co rr. fro m 0)2 .
5 8 1 . 2 .
éxbpo'
iv vulg. om . Herm og .
it pro vides fo r the appo intm ent o f five
envoys when there were ten , and these
had b een appo inted long b efo re ; it provides fo r the o aths to b e taken b y Athensand her allie s, when these had alreadyb een taken ; and m o st o f the five nam es
o f the envo ys are wrong .
5 80. 7 6rfim ikes w prblpov : cf. 287,
where 7 6. avmpéporra is a pure sub stan
tive .
3 . 7 9039 Show p‘l‘
ivcs sat still inMacedo nia three whole m o nths
”is o f
co urse a rheto ricalexaggeratio n , which iscorrected b y Dem o sth . him self. In X IX .
57 he says drednufiaauev 7 pei‘
s ufivas
fl our(cf. som ewhat less inco rrectly ;b ut in 58
—60 he gives the exact dates,
by which we see that the em b assy wasab sentfrom Athens o nly ab o ut ten weeks.See H ist. 40, 4 3 .
4 . ndwa narafl pnlodpevos : see 2 7 .
dvdpuiuwv E, L‘, Ar. 2 ; [drdpdrrwr] B1.
76Cultu re: 2 ,L, B , F 06767 06<I>1Mm rov
xarawpewdp eror 2 ; xaraa'
rp. 7 611s? vulg . ; 76
buolwr 2 , L‘, A I . 2 gallon 2 (7p, late), L’.13141311 2 1
°
7v vulg . ; L has b o th . wpxri'
am er (2nd to
dvdpdrrwr xaldsais
—efidv . .ddtxh s. .av‘
iu s represents
691311, anddpixoar is a proper perfect (M .
T . lit. itwas in ou r power to leave
(already) arrived and to save Me towns,i.e . we m ight have done b o th o f these .
5 . 6M , qu ite as well (as in ten
days): the com m o n reading udkhovwo uldm ean raMer.
7 . wopdm v= elrrapiiuer, if we Mbeen Mere. Fo r the vario us past tenseswith it , all o f which are in 7 -
9, see
M . T . 4 13 : thus elp. dr drmrapriyxer
is Ire would bar/e failed to secure Me peace
(which he had already secured by o ur
ab sence), and 06x du¢67 ep’eixe is he
would not [rave [rad boM (as he did
have).8 1 . 1 . p pa plv : cf. u
‘hxhér re760, ll. 1 . 132 . The po sitio n o f per
shows that the seven wo rds b efo re su mac
b elong to bo th she/m a and dropo bbmma .
32 AHMOXGENOYZ
V 3 C I 3 I A 3 I
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0117 011, 7 010v7 0 17p09C A 3 A 3 A 3 Q 3 3 I 3 A
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8\ 9 «v
8s A
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6, 111 011 p69 A0171101o 1, 1101 607101 ro v7 o 71 671 11 170 01 rrap
dlor1 7 1311 67 1 pi) 1107 777 00600117 09 Ai0x1f110v 71 178611V A A 3 3 3 I 3 I 3 3 I v
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m lr ollfi67 1111119 23, L, A2 , F <l> vulg . ; om . A 1 , B, F ,
41, Y . 2 . el1 7167 013 2 (w. in Pal. 2 ; 1rp67 013 (w. 1101 61141137 01 in 3)L ,
vulg. d1rol60001 E,L , Ax; dr ol. 611013007 7 61 L’, vulg . 3 . h plaawde
vulg . ; ”M ade 2 , A 1 . 2 , <I> ; 4117111106006 Ven . 301706211 B, F, Y , 41 ; 7 039 411111166
aw601706211 2 ,L 501706211 11137 021 vulg . “M ar (w. 61 in 2) 2 110261117167 01 L, vulg .
4 . 11307 6 rdlrr vulg . 1rdl111 cm . E , L1, B
1. 5. ldla 1101 1100
’
60117 611 V6.
8 4 . r, 2 . 1151171 61! 13nd: Ax om . E, L, A2 1167060001 13116: vulg .
3 . (7 chg’
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Ivulg . 7
’
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dur’
(011 ab o ve)Ll (7 p 70137 011) 7 0137 0v A2 . 6. L (7 p), A x. 1107 177001)
; 161111111 vulg . ; 11111-
177 0v v (1; o ver 011) L ; e arn-
yoptsuévwv (8 0077 . for ?) 2 ;1161111111 2 (1 p), F (m g . 41 dxoxplvaaflat E, L, A 1 dr oxplveaflat B , vulg.
dr olaye’
iadar 2 (7p) ; dr olofl aaadm F (7p), 41 (7p) dr olovaaaOar (7 1) o ver 11) L (7 p).§8 6. 2 . x01 o m . Lips .
5 8 8 . x.
5 8 8 . 1 . 057 111 : antecedent o f dare (BL). For 617 1137167 0—67 111160, conflict (o f m ind): Viim el
refers Hesych . 611 d'
ywula, 611 pepluvp,to this passage .
2 . el. 1796 7 06 : the older editio nswith nearly all MSS. om it eland read
gle ich sinngem ass
see V 1 . 35 (end).8 4 . r, 2 . I ask of you (as
som ething 1 entreat. See
61, and no te on 54 . (50 763 79041139 : he has already
xal6x¢137 01 in 3, m ak ing M laatade de
pend o u —arp6 i.e .
b efo re he co uld have tim e to lay Phociswaste : cf. xxx . x23 .
4 . 8177 1 “17006701 : a clear case o f
13'
a7 6 requ iring the indicative (M . T . 582 ,1101115: Aeschines alone
was indictedfo rr apaupeafieta . See 4 19
.
6. 811 here and 61’
009 in § 35’
approach each o ther very clo sely, bo threferring to the sam e th ing : “b e ides
9) justified the discussio n o f the peace ;and he repeats his apology now, as West.
rem arks, m erely to callspecialattentio nto what follows . dv refers to
his present argum ent (cf. —trep0v ,
like dll67 p1011 cf. 67 6710:lb-
yos067 0s,
8 6. x. see the fuller
acco unt o f this speech in xxx . 20—22 .
Aeschines said that the Theb ans had set
a price on his head fo r his anti -Thebanadvice to Philip . See H ist. g 44 .
HEP! TOY ZTEc NOY 33
7 151 170p6>1 17>1v961101 (11191 11717011 6170 111 t diw 60 7 01 ydp 6170110’
9 I 3 C A V C I 3 I A000 Bo vh600 v11619, 011 g m? n0vx1011 , 1101 0110v06006 8uo 111
7 p161v 1)06p11'
311 , 039 6x0p09 171161, di ho v 7 671611 17 5
r f e 2 e 2 1 2 s C 1
019 86 410109, 7 0v110117 1011 6x0p011 . 011 yap 7 0
2 1 .v A I 2 I 2
7 09 01116107 177 09 6417) BeBawvv, palm 0611 111119 ovopalwv, 0M10
3 I I I I“
7 0 7 0v7 0 0 11r1¢epe1r1°
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1cai. 1511311 611061119 769 dvah'
yq0 1fa9 r1ai. 7 139 Bap157 177 09dfl ahhayfivm 769 76111 8m801
'
01 11 . 7 0177 0 8’
11011611 1119 7 1116? 3 3
611011011 81d. 760’
15170130011 6176x061011 17pos
Gqfiwfow . 7 1'
0 1111637) 11676. 7 0177’
11011poir1 ;
4 . 011 2 , L ; édv vulg.
EHL Ar. 2 , F, Q, 0 ;
5 8 8 . 2 .
éxflpov vulg .
7 60’
bt dpxovo'
ar A I .
7 13 n pdqhveévm : he b egged thepeo ple no t to b e disturb ed by news that
Ph . b ad alread’) 1passedTherm opylae .
4 . Sootv 1'
i 11111311 111169611 : so 11 111 .
20, 74 .
5, 6. 012 piv, the Phocians ; oh 86,the Theb ans .
6. M007 0 : e .g . the Theb ans’ title o f
allies o f Philip (cf.7 11 1010 17 6111
1139 dvop-dlaw, u sing verysolem n expressions . He o ften jokes ab o ut
the o f Aesch . Bl. quo tes 130,
1 33 , 258, and xxx. 23, 1107 661) fldka
9. dn lw'
qo'h s. want of fee/m e, ex
plained by the Schol. as 0110100170101 .
There can be little do ub t that this word,like 11110100177 01 in 5 refers to thedulness and lack o f keen perception fo rwh ich the Thebans were pro verb ial. See“f
est. o n xx. 109, and his references
N ep. Epam . 5, 2 , nam que illi genti plusvirium quam ingen ii , and Alcib . 1 1 , 3,
ornnes en im Bo eo tii m agis firm itati corpo ris quam ingenii acum ini inserviunt;Cic . de Fato IV . 7, Athenis tenue caelum ,
ex quo acutio res putantur Attici ; cras
sum Theb is , itaque pingues Theb ani etvalentes ; Hor. Epist. 11. r, 244 , Bocotum in 070550 aere natum . This dulness,and the consequent illiteracy o f Theb es
G . D.
6011 157 117 6 A r. 5 . 0m . V6. 6. 6x0p611
8. 0v11¢épew 66Z 17 1111¢6p61 66L, vulg .
3 . “67 6. 7 007’ Y .
com pared with Athens, gave rise to the
proverb 8011117 1011 i1r1, Pind. 01. V I . 90
see the Schol. , 70dpxaiov 61161801, 7 0117
6177 1 7 1 ” 170M 1011 dm fiohr‘
p 6171 rfi1111011010. The drah‘
mala and ” 01000010
o f the Thebans were said to m ake them
also unfeeling towards enem ies , and thisappears in the term s and 7 011111110
which Dem o sth . applied to them in355 B.C. (xx . Cf. draw-
67 1113, Soph .
Aj. 1 333 . Now he prefers the m ilderterm s flamin g, overbearz
'
ngness (see 5and fl ak y
-17010. Aristo tle , Eth . m . 7, 7,
says o f a m an lack ing in 1116601 , 611; 6’
7 1: 1101116116110: 1? dwdhynr o s, cl 11176611
¢ofio€7 o , 17611711011 11137 6 1161107 0,
and in 111 . 1 1 , 7, o f tho se insensible topleasure , ékkclrrow es 66 7 6. 176112 7 113
175011111 1101 177 7 011 ii xalp0117 es 015 17d11 11
7 610117 00 0151011 61 0111017 1111) 607 111 1) 7 010157 1)
4 110 1 17011010. Aristo tle here m eans stu
pidity and slowness, no t m oralo bliqu ity,by b o th dvdkmros and61 10100117 01 .
8 8 . 2 . 7 7311 7 60’
{117000011 (cf. 6176177 1, a m ild way o f speaking o f
the enm ity against Theb es in 346B.C.
See no tes on 18, 19.
3 . 01111 619 m pdv (se . not 71111111
later, not a long way qfi; i. e . from Seirophorion 16to 2 7 : 611 o f lo oking forwardto an end, as in § 15 1
7,61: 17 11710101 . So
Ar. Vesp. 454 .
34 AHMOZGENOYI
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AduSvav Italc
Pa.,uvofim u xa i 20:5m o v. ]
4 . w éarZ ; rahatrdipovr <w . L, vulg . 5 . dya‘
yév'
rarE, L ; é‘
yowas vulg .
8 . wpos f or): 9 113 . B, (I) , Y, O . yeyevfio'flat Ar. 9. vr b 01 n or t paypd
‘rwv A2 .
8 7 . 3 . rip rov (Ink . vulg . ; rip! om . 2 , L, 0, A2 . 4 . rafifl’
" .t'arru 2 ,
L , arr. rafi‘
ra Eartu'
vpfv Ar' A2 ; up " ravr
’
807 m B, vulg .
4 . n us plia n tx 1 03V dypa'
iv eleven trast to “ sum o-
nim—fl
‘
wpiv dfi xfi uwdays afterthe repo rto fthe secondem bassy i. e . Athens by her vacillat
to the Assem bly, the alarm ing news o f ing co urse go t no thing b ut the illwillo fthe surrender o f the Pho cians at Therm o Philip’s Greek friends, who b elieved thatpylae arrived. See H ist. 4 7 . she wo uldhave pro tected the Pho cians if6. c xm ywye
‘
iv : as ordered by the she had dared to ; while Philip had all
decree o f Callisthenes (5 the credit for ending the SacredWar and
7. xpw ‘ov hafietv : in m alicious co n pun ishing the sacrilegio us Phocians .
nap: TOY ZTEc NOY 35
3 I A Q I I AAp em rav
‘
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d AAc
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EHIETOAH .
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’
r‘
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580. r. 69) Tip 2 , L, A’, B , F , 6’afrrbv V6; G
’ab‘r'bv rt r ; d
’afi r‘hy vulg .
Gt enwe 2 , L1, A2 Gefip
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3 4 0. 2 . was (flyo ver ti) L ; niinarV6. 2 , 3 . £7 6: r er olnxa 7 4 67 0. 2 1 , L67 6; 11337 3 r en t. 2 3 ; rafrra £7 6: ire1r. vulg. r eromxa axorrwv Oxyrh . papyrus begins .
5 8 8 . to . raO-r’
W ANT ; i. e .
how does the decree just read to you
agree with the repo rt of Aeschines(5
withwhatPhiliphaddone forthe Theb ansand Thessalians, to justify what is said of
it in 940. Gro te rem arks that Dem osth .
wo uld have Spoken m uch m o re severely5 80. This letter has few o f the m arks
b y which its genu ineness can b e ab so
lu tely denied o r established. It m ust b e
rem em b ered that there is (since Bentley)a generalpresum ptio n againstthe genu inenets of ancient epistles ; and this is invery bad com pany . The genu ine letter,it would seem , sho uld have m o re defin iteallusions to the dissatisfaction o f Athens
o f a letter so insolent as this o ne . StillWesterm ann says : es ist m oglich dass
es echt ist.”
It is safest to class itwiththe o therdocum ents as a fo rgery .
5 4 0. a. wpdsw ove. with 81;hoi
’
m l Groplfefl u . The letter, tho ughaddressed to the Athenians , was reallywritten fo r Philip’s allies—Sn b efo re
the direct quo tation (M .T.
36 AHMOZQENOYZ
5 7 0v 9 p év e’
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m dwo hrjtbe o fle e’
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I A f I I G I I
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’
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4 1 683 7 a6‘n)9 7 139 m ic a vvepyo9 Kai a vvaywm arbs,c A s 9 I A I e A Q I
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6’
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a'
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Q A 3 a I I
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fl 3 I
8\ I Q I
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o vpfqv
15176 7 06 rafrra wpoffavro s‘
.
5. Gr ammy/wee 2 . 7. esOxyrh. 8 . rpoopav afterrai‘
rra Ar. 10. u kul
rwpot E ; rahal. Gnfia‘
c‘
ot L , B, vulg . rah . xéxp . 9 775. A 1 ; xexp. or. ralat. GnflatocOxyrh .
5 4 1 . a, 3 . 0676: {an y L, vulg . ; bureau (6: o ver 7 c) 2 . 3. N79 ddvpépevor
A r ; var om . V6. 4 . xal(b ef. 7 067 017 ) o m . A2 . 7 . xri‘
m'
Ext» 2 ; “man -f
4'w L, vulg . 8. efvrroém w2 .
7 . (fixer’
{m in us M flo'
v, lze carried
them (his allies) away (M .T . the
figure is continued in st: 76 with the
infinitives .
to . cl. M alt a‘s“ : Onfia'
ioc is added
in all 3155 . except 2 . Of co urse the
destructio n o f Theb es b y Alexander ischiefly m eant, and this suggests the di
gressio n in 4 1 ; b ut the condition o f
Thessaly after the peace , which had b eenin Philip’s power since 352 B .C.
, m aywell
b e included. See 1x . 16: Om aMa was
(m e ; odxl 7 d: r ohrrefar xal 7 d: t bhets
away r apfipm at xal 7 e7 papxlar saw!
m e», tea start). dhhd
xalxa'
r’
(Ow; dovhetiw w See also vn .
32 ; xxx . 260.
4 1 . r. 6 i. e . fie wfio
[wiped I u'
m ” ms to persuade Iris allies
with r iarewr cf. t tfl eéae‘re, 405.
2 . 61 11s rd M i : see 35 .
In xxx. 4, Dem osth . puts u'
m “fl y-ya ks ,
1a report, first am ong the things fo r
which an am b assador should render an
account.
3 . 68up6|u vos =se e the solem n and
eloquent invo cation o fAesch. in In . 1 33,
Gfifiat 86, Gfifiat, 1 67m darwelrwv,
with r56, 157 .
7 . wriip'
lxaw : Aesch . is chargedwith holding a confiscated Theban estate
(ft-Hiya . so 2 alone) b y the gift o f Alex
ander ; as in xxx . 1 45 Philocrates and
Aeschines are charged with having nrw)
para m i yewp'
ylat r ap t hndei'
s in Phocisb y gift o f Philip. We have no independent evidence o n e ither o f these
charges .
8 . 4501-06};q Dem o sth . was am ong
the eight o r ten Attic orators who were
dem andedb yAlexander after his destruction o f Theb es in 335 B.C. ; Aeschineswas no t. See Grote xl1 . 59
—62 .
new TOY I TE¢ANOY 37
’
Ahhd. ydp émre’
rn wxa. eis hdyo v9, afm fxa. p om o u 4 2C I I I I Iapp o o et heyew. erravetm 81; fl ahw em a
‘IroSetfets’
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ye’
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’
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av7 01‘
19
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yyethawwv, efmram vro e 01.
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pnw o ai. m iha c 7 t'
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vero ;
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A C V 9 C I C Q
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'
vo r Kai. Stnpapm xérfi fihm a av, fiyo v 7 911) £ 13701}q
g 4 2 . r. at’
rrlxa pdha Al. Hem og . (w. Oarepov fo rlaws). a. law dppéaet
hé'yew 2 , L ,A“, B, O ; dpyéa'
ecMyca laws vulg. ; laws om . V6andOxyrh . as (for8h)V6. Oxyrh. (by co m ). y[vy t alkie Oxyrh . elr (for61 1)V6. 3. aidrxfluara2 , L
1, Oxyrh . ; 018m . xaldwpodoxfim ra 2) (7 p), Ar; dwpod. xalddur. L’, B, vulg .
4 . alrla A r. 6. éawobrAr ; em u rui c ft fl p 2 , L . vulg . , eawovs [exe1}raOxyrh . Perhaps 7 45 c lm np here, o m itting 13m ) 7 06 (but. in 5, is co rrect.
8 . rahalrm pot om . V6. f lm l(yém o ; A2 . 67611457 0 o ver 767 07 ” V6.
5 4 8 . a. thinn er Oxyrh . 3 . was 2 , Ar. 2 ; m i 01564 L vulg .
fi A r. 6. (Protein 2 , Ar, Oxyrh (r aisin “brat L,B, vulg . ; Meat O .
55 4 2—4 0. After the digression in 1 : see no te on
4 x, the o rato r here speaks o f the
disastrous consequenceswhich have com e
from the peace and fro m the co rruptionb y which it was m ade, and o f the m iserab le fate o f m o st o f the traito rs in Greecewho aided Philip in his schem es .
5 4 8 . 5 . here has three pluperfects , while com m o nly it has the lessprecise ao rist, as in 25
1, 31
’(M .T.
S o in Latin portquam m il is m ore
com m on than postquam ow erai . Bo thand pas/qua»: co ntain the idea o f
afl er that, which the plpf. o nly em pha
sizes.
(i. e. 01 contrast 7 067011:
oéxlt w een -
as, 5 and see no te .
5 4 8 . r. i n fo -017m
5 35°
2 . fi w’
tnetvos fiv : cf. rdrr’
r'
wxxm . n o ; Edfiota «67 01?
f ar m 69 , Thuc. Vlll. 95 ; Dem etrius iiS'
unus om nia est, Liv . X L. 1 1 . (See West.)3 . 01583 Whom-0 (M .T. flxovov
is strongly frequentative , like infi r m (a),andam 7 1 is anything oppo sed to M ow,eff/en em y , am fipa .
4 . W W “: viewing will: suspicion
(157 6like sub in suspicio).
5. 06 11 05137 0: m o st MSS . add 1463101.
This passage represents the state o f m indin which Dem o sthenes delivered his
speech on the Peace (v . ) in 346B.C. See
H ist. 5 50.
38 AHMOZOENOYZ
v I A I[ao
-
p erm s, Ka t] av7 01. 7p0170v ex wohkov wohepovp evm .
4 4 d7 e ydp wepttdiv(When-
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19 Kai. TptBahho fm, 7wd.9A e I I I
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vwv 1ca7 e0'
7petpe7 0, Kat. v apew rrohkas
Kai p eyafhas' errata 15 Kai 7we9 763V e
’
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e’
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fo vcn'
a. 730.8:{0v7 e9 exew'
e Stetpfiet'
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'
yov m 1. ScepapruI C A V I C Ipounv Ka t 17ap v d e1. 0170: wep tpflemv
' Se rrohet9
8. do pevot, x01 vulg Vom . , West. , BL ; o m Oxyrh Bk. r ohko v xpovov
Oxyrh .
§4 4 . 1 . é lh r t o: 2 , A x, 0xyrl1 . ; 64>t\ . L , B , vulg . 1 , 2 . 11a: 7 11111:
clown -w Oxyrh . 3. mp’
6111117 111 47 01617 00. ex t oken»: Oxyrh .
5 . wapeo'
xevdg'
efl 2 . 6. 87 cm : 6A67 0: (6erased) 2 ; trepo: A67 0: L, vulg.
§4 6. 1 . dtepaprvpdum»A 1 . 2 . alelE,
8 . [dc-
po m , I have b racketed
these wo rds, since the autho rity o f the
Oxyrhynchus papyrus is now (No v . 1 899)added to that o f 2 for o m ittingthem . .m h pofip vo t, ”m ug/1 t/zey(M ade/es in a eertain way had been
m arred againstfor a long tim e t okca wpevo: (im pf. ) is pas t to 67011, which co versthe whole tim e o f the peace to 340 D. C.
See er ohepoi‘
mro ,
§4 4 . x.
'
IM 11p1.01‘
12 11111 111 tDiodorus (xvi . 69) m entio ns a victo rio usinroad o f Philip into Illyria in 344 B. C.
,
and Po rphyrius Tyr. (Muller, H ist. Gr.
111 . p. 691) says o f Philip, 067 0:
r ep! 7 4111 xtépav ldovhofiaaro woke
pi ous, flovltwel: xal a1’
rro 1):"
Ehhnva: i17 6‘
xd‘
pa 170117000001 , m dhnr 117 77176110 0:
815111111411, 11 11 1 Tptfiahhm ): 1'
1 1ro 7 dfa s.
See Schaefer xx. 346.
2 .
‘
Ehh iw v : see Gro te xx. 61 2
614 , and H ist. 5x, 58—61 .
like o ur forces , b ut including m oney as
well as tr00ps : see 5 233’ with Bl.
’s
note .
3 . 7 1311 111 7 1311 1r6heo v : cf.
He counts Aesch . as o ne o f tho se who
took advantage o f the peace to v isitMacedo nia, im plying that the process o f
co rruption was stillgo ing o n . In xxx.
1 3 he says he first disco vered the co rrup
tio n o f Aesch . o n the return o f the first
em bassy in the spring o f 346B.C.
6. (7 0909 NY09 067 09 , t}:is is anotfier
m atter : cf. dhho : 611 ch; A67 0: 067 0s,1x . 16; dhho: 611 1711 7. In
allthese 1 110: (87 m m)Mryo: is predicate .
In Plat. Leg . 634 D, 6M ryos Erepos el
'
n,
the co nstruction is different.4 6. 1 Sum pqv, protested
(called Gods and m en to witness): cf.
obtestor . See 5 199°and v1 . 29 .
2 . erup'
pro b ably refers to o ra
tio ns vx. , vu l. and xx.- 81ro t wqubOelqv,
wlu'
tlrersoever I was sent, referring to the
vario us em b assies m entio ned in v1. 19,xx. 7 2 , in 244 (below), and pro b ably too thers . In 3
} 244‘we have 6170: « swans ,
referring to som e o f the sam e em bass iesas 67 01 " m eet". here . But there the
negative fo rm o f the leading clause , 013811
m akes it particular, no t
general; and its verb is aorist, no t im
perfect (as here ); the relative clause is
therefo re particular and has the indicativeregularly (M .T. If he had said1 always sam e of superior in
we sho uld have 67 01 wew etrw theresee 1. o f: xpam Oe
'
c‘
er
9 West. says o fg244 :o bjectiv gefasst, dagegen 5 45 67 01 r ep .
¢0elqr .
”
40 AHMOZOENOYZ
77p0667 110 1111 18015hcp 17epl. 76111 howro'
iv 37 1. xpfi7 01 066611 ydp611
5 7311 e1’
180111 011e'
0'
7 ep011 17p0667 011 . dhh’
013K 607 1. 7 0v7 0 °
776001 ;170M 013 ye Kai. Set. 6M
,
76111 17pay11.a'
.7 0111
6 {717 17111 dpxew 110700 711, Kai. 76311 7 0137 0 6117060116v 6e
0067 119 7611 66170w1p1'
011 767 e 767 e Kai. 11.10e1
4 8 teal. 617 10 7 55 1103. 17p07771X01c1fCe1 . 0x017e27 e 66°
Kai. ydp e1’
.
wapeh'
q'
hvfiev 6 76111 17pay1167 0111 x01p69, 6 7 017 y’
eiSe’
va 1. 76
7 010177 0 lea 1p6s del. 06pe0'
7 1. 7 039 e6¢p0110130 1 . péxpt 7 06700
Aaa fle'
m 19 410109 6019 17p06601k ev"
Ohvvflow 1.1.e'
xp1
5 7 0157 0v T1116h09, 6019 dwaiheo e 9630? péxpt 7 067 011 1436611109
1107. 6Aap100309, 6019 ®e7 7 alt1f011 6776 (fi lth -
77 111 13170671
5. 611 2 ; 611 611 L,vulg .
116110111 A2 ; 6170616011 . Y . 8.
§4 0. 1 . 66(fo r 86)A 1 . 4 .
<I>1Mr rou L, vulg . 5.
later 7 011 o ver 7 011 Z . 6.
Aap100. L’, vulg .
the re] . past tim e com es entirely fro m the
force o f £7 0661 , postquam (M .T.
Fo r the assim ilatio n o f 1 111117 01,
which really co nditions 1161110: 7611117 01,
see M .T . 563 : in such a dependent
generalco ndition the indie . also is al
lowed.
4 . call u s-
110867 011, fi r (o therwise)nothing would be happier than a traitor .
To om it 611 here (with 2 and a few o ther
MSS . )would b e against allusage : in xxx.1 20, 06 iv 81017 611 , cited b y Vom el,there is a po tential fo rce in 17111 51017 611,I could not have lived.
5. cf. fig 521, and
1 61:
7. 1101, also , with 7610 61 060116 0111 .
g 4 8 . 3. 116x111. 7 067 011 with 8017 ,twice repeated. West. refers to a sim ilardvapopd o f 1 07016. in 9 o f obx 6in
and o f 0611 in 32 21- 4
. Ex
pressions like this show the relativecharacter o f 801: and o ther particles m ean
ing u ntil. (M .T . 61 1 ,
4 . Awe-061119 : Lasthenes and Euthycrates are o ften m entio ned as traitorswho b etrayed Olynthus to Philip : see
ebrux£07 epov Bl.
607 111 repeated after 7 01770 vulg . (cf. 57 67 e m e? A t .
0010: 16110116.a Z , Y ; <I>1Mr t q1 added 2 (yp),d i aos mss . ; see 5
6Aaptaa‘
io: 2 ; ol .\0p100?01 B , A 1 ; 6Aap10002‘
0: L ; 01
0611 (07 111 7 0177 0 2 , A2 : 061:
17609 1 ; 0111 . B . 7. ar o6e60
7 067 011 (be f. E06. ) L, vulg.
vlxx. 40 ; xx . 66; xxx. 265, 342 : Diod.
xvx. 53 . Cf. Plu'
t. M or. p. 178 B : 7 6111
6d r epl A000£11qv 7611'
0h1'
1v01011 £7 110
h06117 0111 x02 67 0110117 06117 0111 67 1 1 110667 0:
067 06: (11101 7 17111 r epl 7 611 <I>lh1r 17011
xalto 1701, 811111 (se . t ariras) 0601 1xal dypolxov: elm : Maxe66va: 1101 7 917
011001611 0110¢l111 Myovras, i. e . they called
a spade a spade.
5. Ttpéhae : Tim olaus was a Theb an,
who was pro b ably active in causing the
surrender o f Theb es to Philip after Chaero nea. Dinarchus (Dem . 74 ) calls him
a friend o f Dem o sthenes ! Theopo m pus
(Athen . x. 4368) calls him the greatest
voluptuary who was ever engaged in
state affairs . See no te on 5 withthe quo tatio n from Polyb ius.6. Zip” : Sim us (acc. to Harpocr. )
b elonged to the Thessalian ho use o f theAleuadae atLarissa, who called in Philipagainst the tyrants o f Pherae in 352 D. C.
with the usualresult (B iod. XV I . 14 and
See H ist. 9 6.—6 Aapwatos (so
2 , L) b elongs o nly to Eth os, who is calleda Larissaean in [L1x. ] 108, and69 1 7 7 0k6:in 24 . Aristo tle (Pol. vxxx. 6,
TiEPl TOY ZTECbANOY
17 011 . 621” éhavvolt e'
vwv 110i. v 1§o 1téva wf
1rat 7 1. 11011011 013xi.
1700x611 7 0111 17017 0 1) 013101171611 1) 11607 1) 7671011611 . 7 1. 6’ ’
Ap1.
0 7 pa7 09 21w 11 1 , 1ca.i 7 1: He'
pthlt09 611 M eycipow; 01311
awepptppe'
vm ; £5 11111 1101. 0041617 7 07 011 7 19 6801. 67 1. 6 4 9
h10'
7 a. eav7 011 1707p1'
60 1101. 17XGw'
7 0117 1Xe'
7 0111
7 0v7 019, 0117 09 vp. 1.11 , Ala 177006160110 1 110i 71 10000110170 1. 76Exew 641
,
6701 601p0801r7fcre7 e WGpLfl OLGL, 110i.
1rokhati19 7 0v7w11i. Kai. 7 069 611010 7 0116110119 7 039 157167671019 5
3010161100 111 607 6 06301 real. 61111 10001, 6776. 7 6
0137 0139 176101. dfl whé hetre .
Kai. 1repi. 76111 767 6 77p0x06'
117 0111 6'
w 67 1. wohhd. 50
héyew, Kai. 7 0177 0 1577 01771 01. 17he£a1 76111 15110116111 eipfio fla t .
6’
ala fl ep éwho xpam fav yo u 769 7701117p1f09
7 . 1102 om . A2 . 8. 7 é7011ev 2 ; 767 0116 7 700607 17111 2 (7 p), L, vulg .
9. Ilépdthos Pho t. , Harp. , Su id. 1117101001 2 , L . vulg . (see m . and 5
§4 0. 1 . b ab o ve l1ne E7wvl v L , A2 ; 7 0117 11111 vulg.
B , F. 6, 7 . vm’
is 011 7 061 2 .
Bekk . An. p. 1 26, 33.
§60. 3 . 067 0111 B .
after speak ing o f two factions calling inm ercenaries , and an arb iter who som e
tim es gets the m astery o i b o th , adds :
67 17001111431; 611 Aapio'
n é1rl 7 6111'
Al\eva
613 11 dpxfis 7 6111 r epl Eudicus is no t
o therwise known .
7 . 7 ( 11011611 06x). m 6v7 1117 ; = 01'
16é11
11011611 obxl(i. e . 7 11117 0 110110) wao xbv'
rwv.
7 110607 137 follows 767 0116 in allMSS. b ut 2 :
it is eas ily understo od.
8 . 1160-0 1) 0l11011|1£1n| is pro perly tb ewhole hab itable world, i . e . tire Greek
world ; as in Ev. Luc. ii . 1 it is tb e wlzole
R om an world. But here it is m erely a
loo se expression with no special lim it.\Ve should say. allthe wo rld is fullo f
these wretches .
”a tyrant
o f S icyon : see the acco unt o f his po rtraitb y Melanthus andApelles , destro yed byo rder o fAratus, in Plut. Arat. 1 3.
9. Hlpthkos , o f Megara see xxx .
295 . Perillus and Aristratus are in the
b lack -list o fC01 . 295. Fo r Philip’sintrigues in Megara see Gro te xx. 613, 62 1 .
See H ist. 52 (end).
3 . A I .
7 011 070107 0710101: 21(each 01 changed to
7 . ar ohtbha re 2 , v .n dirwhtbhen e L,
Alexi” ; 7 ou
5 4 0. 4 . 7 6 secu res
foryou you r opportun ities for being bribed
(the wherewithalto b e b rib ed).6. 6017 0 0 1301 1101 (7171110001, i. e . you
survive to be venal. if youwere left to you rselves (M .T. The
orato r surprises his audience b y this
o riginalreason why the Athenian traito rshave b een saved from the fate o f traito rsin o ther states, i. e . the ho nest citiz ensthwart their schem es and thus save themfrom the ru in o f success . Th is b rilliantattack is followed up sharply in what
follows .
60—68 : the peroratio n to the
argum ent o n the Peace o f Philocrates .
§60. 1 . 7 1311 7 67 1 1790710617 017 , i. e .
the transactio ns co ncerning the peace .
The suggestio n in the first sentence that
he willdrop this sub ject m akes this sud
den recurrence to the charge o f venalityallthe m o re effective .
3 . i.e . o f m y speaking t hem
7 1311 lx07611 .—801 71p, as itwere (M .T .
with éwhoxpaolav, no twith 1107 0011666001 .
4 2 AHMOI OENOYZ
769 e'
av mii[Kai 763V dStKnp ofm w] Ka7 a0'
K68a'
o as, fiv dvayxa'
io v
5 17V wpoc 7 0139 vew7 e'
pove 763V wearpaype'
vwv dfl okflo '
ao'fla t.
I V C A Q fl Ifl apnvk na fie 8 Laws o r Kat. n
'
pw eye em ew cu cuy
I I l l I I5 1 7 7711 7 o v7 ov 7 07 e p td
’flapm av . Ka wo c ¢m au ye Ka t. fen du
s a I A I c s Id.a o va/s aga , Kat. vvv £2176 1ro v Xeywv o Ahe fa v8
I s8
, a I a I I 9 Ipo v fem a v o ve r 1.l ep o c . cyw (ro e fen du AkefavSpo u ; 17605 1» hafiovfl . 7)was a
’
fw fie’
w r; 067 6 (DLM‘
IT‘ITOU fe’
vo v
a a a I I :I a 4 9 I a v I5 am Ahefav
‘
dpov duko u cu racy. av cyw ovx o v7w pm .
VOpaL, ci. pf?) Kai 7 0159 Heptm ds‘
Kai. 7 0159 o
’
fhko 7 c. p urfio i)I I l A A I1rpa7 7 owa9 duho vs
‘
Ka t. fez/o us 8a Kahew 7 awp to flwo apevwv .
5 2 dhx 013K 30m . 1760612 ; wokkofi ye Kai. 8A
dM oi
4 . m l 7 63» datmmd‘rwwMSS . ; om . Herm og . , Harp , Zonar.
, Su id. ; in
Lips . 6. r apnvk nawt 2 8Glaws 2 , L‘ 8’
rind: lam Ar 88 rd up ci‘
s
laws L”, B, vulg . th eir 67 m m 2 , L, A ! 67 . air . B , vulg . 7 . 767 6 0.
61 . I . ye 23, L, B , A 1 . 2 ; 7 c vulg . 2 . xalcl A2 . 3 . ¢¢Mav69 615131” V 6.
68 . x. 00x £07 : repeated after 7 aii7 a Ax (see
—40Xoltpad-(av, a m ixtu re of stale drags,
lit. a m ixture of Me rqf uu (esp. fwd -taps)qf lastn
'lzt’:feast (k a , b esterna). TheScholia say : 6 xflés xal rpq
'
mv éxépaae
rpa'
ypa rflm pév yo u xa-raxéet, xal éué
wpfiSalM at 76. xaxéis «.e olxovounflérra.
So Didym us , quo ted b y Harpocr. See
Behk . An . p . 258 : m m’
xw ts 7 6V {w
pGr lé kwv belt -
raw ér i 7 m): xomw
pérovs 7 633! a'
vprwbvrwv . hapfla’
vwat 83
xai Jrlrfixa‘
nn oplg dpxalwv rpa'
yyd7wv.
This b urst o f indignatio n re fers especiallyto the audacio us co nduct o f Aeschines(57) in charging Dem o sthenes with the
sam e cooperatio n with Philocrates in
m aking the peace which he had o nce
claim ed fo r him self as a m erit (I .See 5 1 7
“(ab o ve). Dem o sthenes calls
th is treatm ent“ deluging m e with the
stale refuse o f his own villainy.
”
In
xxx. n o old o ffences are spo ken o f as
7 dotmfipa0’
Ewka Kai wvxpd. Fo r (who
xpaala, see Plut. Mo r. p . r48 A, éwlots cl:
draw n 767 filov ém u‘va 76rpt): dM
‘éhovs
Juda'
peo'
row, cb'
o'
trep éwkoxpaala 7 1: Ofipews6) iv otvq: yevouéwys, and Lucian ,
Co nv . 3 , rhv éwkoxpaclav Kara
o xeda’
aas drapdiv
4 . West. b rackets m l 6.6“q e
see criticalno te .
5 . wen -(pow : the yo ungest judgespresent m ight have b een only fo urteen
years old in 346B. C.—éwd k o c k s, to
clear mysdf of : there is no need o f
the em endation dr oko iio'
aaoat o r du ckli
comment. See Thuc. vm . 87, dr oh’
rccflat
rpm Jtafiokds'
.
6. m nvéxkqo'fi : addressed to the
o lder judges (cf. éwoxkei‘
, 5
561 . r. ¢cMav, fin iav , pro perlyfriendsfiz
’
p and gu est-friends/ up. here seem to
b e used with little tho ught o f the dis
tinctio n . Cf. Gevlav’
A>te$dv6pov (3) and007 6 (Ink . Sh ow 061 1
’
AAe£. ¢i7\0v (b elow).
See Vom el’
s no tes .
a. dartMyaw: cf. dare ¢wv€m Aeschyl.
Ag . 205,“spake, say ing .
"
3 . “M acaw: Aesch . had said 6
rip Scalar énol r po cpépwv 7 b Un afdvfipov.
4 . «600 dem o n ; with dram aticenergy for 73 rd): fifié ons ;cf. 1 283 .
6. OQPN C, reopen , pro perly extra
farm -knack , called in at the harvest
(BL).
i'
lEPl TOY ITE¢ANOY
p ta fiwfl‘
w eye? a s (Dchim rov 77p0'
7 ep0v Kai V611’
Ahe§oiv8povKala», Kai. 057 m vrofw es . ci 8
’
dm m eis', e’
pa’
m yo o v
nakho v 8’
s’
ych 7 0170’
fiwép wo trjaw. 1767 ep0v tinfv,9 w 9 a A 3 I i Iw av8pes Aflnvawt, 80x61. p t00w7 o s Ata
'
xw'
qe 7) fevoc eiva t 53 I Q I G IAhefavSpov ; anovetq a. heyo vaw.
Bo vhopa t 7 05m m 1781) Kai rrepi 7 119 ypadms aim -
o 5 3
ho -
yn'
a aa'flat Kai. StefGAOew 7 a. wewpwype
'
v e’
paww, Eva.
m m rep Aiaxt'
vns opws dxo vo'
v 8b a. rpm. “Kai. 7 0v7wv
7 aw wpoBeBovhevpe’
vwv Kai. wokhq'
i palm/aw En 7 0157 0011
Swpeéiv Sfxato s elven 7 vyxafvew . Kai p01. he'
ye 7971) ypatpfiv 5wh ip! hafiaiv .
I‘
PACDH
rEwi X acpa’
wSov c'
ipxow os, fi adynfl oltéivo s 3x7 3) ia 7 apév0v,Aiaxim s
’
A7 p0,,uj7 ov Koowm m a’
vm'
ve'yxe vrpos 701: 5px0v7 a.
vrapavépwv xa7d K7 qa upéiw oc 7 017 Aewaoe'
vo vs
0
a. r pd'repov i nk . A l . 7? 761: V6. 4 . t pd-
repov (i st p erased) Z 5. w
om . F, 0. V6. m edian): B, V6. (L, Ar) : so Vo'
m el; ulcer-fros m ost M SS. , 2
(changed from
5 68 . r. 7761) om . Ar. 4 . " Sr over erased m u LI . ro‘
w F , Q.
5 . dlxawv O . 6. E,L‘, vulg . ; L9, A l .
§62 . 3 . 0611» t im e pro bably includedb o th co urt and audience .
5. pro-M ae : m ost M58 . (2 on ly by
co rrectio n) read m am as, fo llowing the
ab surd story o f Ulpian (see that
Dem o sth . pro nounced this wordMe dan-
os
to m ake the judges correct his accent bysho uting outthe verywordW om b:whichhe wanted to hear. It is m uch m o re
l ike ly—indeed, it is certain—that he saw
b y the faces o f his hearers that it was
60—1 2 6. Having finished his
reply to the charges fo re ign to the indictm ent, he now proceeds to the indictm ent
itse lf. We have (1) an introduction53 (a) a discussio n o f his pub lic
l ife (5560 (3)a reply to the chargethat the o rato rwas t
'
nrewvvoswhen itwas
pro po sed to crown him (95 rro—r
(4) a defence o f the pro po sal to crown
him in the theatre (55 1 10, rar), and (5)aconclusion (53 1 2295 68—60. Introduction, including
safe fo r him to put this question boldly,andhe was pro bab ly greeted b y an over
whe lm ing shout o f awaw és, m eat-9763 ,
fro m b o th co urt and audience . The
judges, m o re than four-fifths o f whom
vo ted in a few hours to acqu it Ctesipho nand to co ndem n Aeschines to a fine and
cim ulu , were by this tim e ready to te
spo nd to such a sudden appeal, after
listening to this m o st co nclusive argu
m entwith its b rilliant clo se .
the reading o f the indictm ent.
§5 8 4 fl ?"
strictly accurate fo rMe provision: of Merpofloékevpa o f Ctesiphon , which had
passed on ly the Senate . The corresponding phrase for the item s o f a
wo uld b e ré'
w {W u/dram Cf. 7 67
yeypauuérwv,
5. 80m m tin t, Mat I deserve :
so naluse of Gtxazos (M . T .
64 , 66. This spurious docum ento nce passed fo r the single undo ub tedly
per
44 AHMOZOENOYZ
5 57 : éypawke wapa'
vop ov dnjcbwm , «39 862 07 6¢avéio a c An
p o or fle
'
m jv q oafle'
vovs Ha tam éa xpvag’
i a 7 e¢dvgo , Ital. aiva '
yo
pefio'
a : £11 7 93 Oea'
7 pgnAcovva iow 7 029 p eyafiko cc, 7 pm ¢p$o i¢ nuwai‘
r
dra 07 e¢av026 Anpo o‘ flém jv q o o
'flévo ve Ham m e’
a xpvo'
cpc rediting.) dpen
’
je e'
venu , xai ebvoiae 6c gxwv San chez 61'
s 7 6
10"EM\.nva9 f
i
n al/7 09 7011 Sfip ov 701: Ital. civ8pwya9£ac,xai. Sm ack s? 7rpa
'
7 7 aw xal. Xéym v 7 d. Béh 7 to'
7 a. 7 93 86pm zeal.
5 5 77p60vp0'
e e’
a'
n wateiv 5 7 1. &v 8611177 01. a’
v
yafiov, wrivra. $ 6086ypa
'
drac xai wapdvoya , 7 6W vépwv o z’
m e’
aiwaw pév drenSeZs‘
fypadxis 659 7 d. 81m60
'
ta.v
ypcippa 7 a. xa7 aBdXXeaem , ei7 a 701) 15776150vvov 0
'
7 egbav0i3v (507 1. Se Anno o fle'
vns 7 64x0770t09 Ital. err}. 7 93
5 Oempucq'
i 57 : 86m) civavyopetiew 70V 07 é¢avo v e
’
v 7 93
0& 7 q Ato vva t'
o te 7 pa'
yg086w 7 37 k awg’
i, «DOV s’
t‘
w p év 1) Bo vh‘
;
07 e¢av02, e’
u 7 g?»Bo ulevfl ypt'
go dvewreiv, Se6 e» Hum /l. e’
u
7 g)“
Tip/”pa. n ata l/7 0 rrev7 rjx0v7 a . xkqfl'
jpes Kn¢w o <p6w
q uo'
o cpéivm c'
Pa,u v0150 toe, Kheu m Khém voc Ko flwxlsqsfl
a Q A‘
A pév Staixet 7 o u tpntpioytam s, w d'
v8pes‘
’
A01)va to t,éa n v . e
’
ycb 8’
a’
m"
7 06m m rrpaim v oljuu Sijho vrro nja ew 67 ; 170317 0. Swain) ; drrohoyrja opa r ydp
60. r. clonal. erased in 2 b efore Bubxet a. dopa : Ar, vulg .
genu ine Athenian indictm ent. Chaero ndas was archo n in 338
—337 B. C. ; b ut
the indictm entwas b rought in the springo f 336. The 7 pa¢iyr apavéuwv cam e b e
fore the deo'uodérat, no t befo re the ChiefArcho n .
The expressio n 7 pa7 tpb oi'
s xawoi'
s, §547,
on the day of (Ire new tragedx'
anr, i. e .
when new tragedies were perfo rm ed, isco nfirm ed b y 7 07: 7 pa
‘
yqrdoi'
s, Aesch . m .
45 , 7 pa'
yq18439‘
yvyvopévwv xtu vu’
iv, 34 , and
7 pa7 q:60?s a 7 g? Oed'rptp, 36. In 55
“
7 pa7 ¢p6¢3v xawfi is do ub tfuland perhaps co rrupt : there is ano ther reading ,
7 pay¢p6c3v ( m m -iv (sc. d'
ywm fopévwv). But
with 7 5 xcuvfi we m ight perhaps under
stand with W'
olf, o r d'
ywvia witho thers . Boeckh, Corp . Ins . Gr. 11. p .
459, gives a decree of Calym na withxv wv wpéry (se . r apbdtp or daddy).In C . I . Att. II . No . 33 1 is 7 pa7¢86w765dyfin 7 g
“
: xq’
i, and in No s . 300 and 3xx
7 pa‘
yq38a'
iv 7Ga'
ryéim .
See no te o n the spurious rpofloflkevp ao f Ctesiphon in r18.
§66. 1 .
“A ptv Swim s : the passages o f
the decree quo ted in the indictm ent are
allthat are accused o f illegality.
3 . «6m SlKG‘O S dfl okoyrjc opmthis is a sarcastic allus io n to the dem and
of Aesch. (201 ) that the co urt co m pe lDem o sth .
, if he is allowed to speak at
all, to follow his o pponent’s o rder o f
argum ent: 651156117 6 70» ArmoaOén p rbv
m in» 7 p61rov dr oho'yei'
cdac dwrep £ 037 30xann cipqxa. See no te o n It so
happens that Aesch. has stated the
charges in the indictm ent in the o rder in
which Dem o sth. wishes to reply to them ,
just the order which Aesch. is anxiousto prevent him from following : in hisspeech he has followed an entire ly different o rder. See Essay 1 . g4 .
new TOY 2TE¢ANOY 45
3 I I Aavm v 7 0v7 ¢p n oma apevo s raw yeypappe
’
vwv n epi.fl dwwv e
’
péi nae,
3Ka0'
7 ov e’
diefi s Kai o r’
zSév e'
m im n apahet'
tpw. 5A 9 I I I I
7 01) o vu ypatlta t fl parrowa Ka i. ke'yowa. 7 0. as 67
Starcheifv nai. rrpdflvp o v elvaa. 67 c. 815vapac
dya06v , Kai. e’
n a ive'
iv 31727 06mm , e’
v 7 029 776170M7 evpe'
v0ts 7 7)vxpt
'
aw elvat vop i 6176ydp 7 067 0311 e’
fe7 alope’
vwv efipeflrjA A I fl A
0'
e7 a t 6LT M 1707) wept ep o u‘
yeypadie Km a tdm v 7 avra Ka i. 5I V A I
17po a~
qxo v7 a a re KG ]. ((1a 7 0 86 p 17 npoaypatpaw a 5 8
5111 1.d e iifltiva s 3g}; 0'
7 etpav0i3v Kai rivet/17621! £11 763
066.7q 76V a 7 é¢avo v “Lesa-
a t, Kowaweiv pév fiyo iipa tV , ”A A A
Ka t 7 0v7 0 176170M7 evpe'
vo cs, et7 cine. 7 o u 0'
7 edxiv0v
Q67 . I . 7 6(fo r 7 ou)A t .
r pdrrovrd pie vu lg . ; M-
yorrd ice Ar.
h ive-mat vulg . 4 . rivalin : L’, A t .
K 7 . 767M e 7 m m : r epl(you (so Viini. V6.
767 crém or relevant Z , L, Ar, Y t ell. 76! o ri¢avov B , vulg .5 68 3
4 . elm Y . rov om . V6.
4 . 7 6V yq papplvwv (pass ). of Me
item : q/Me indictm ent: cf 5 767 m );
ma and éypdm v m ay b e used as pass iveso f b o th 7 pm , propose (a b ill), andwad¢opat, indict : see b ird ies ‘
yeypam téra,
xxiu . 101 , 6m in-
17 7 m , ib id. 18 ; 76
” ureth ra, Me proposed m easures, Cor.
0666 7 pa¢én a, not even indicted,
5 n o". But yéypamm c is generallym iddle (se ldom passive) of 7pd¢ouan indict ; as b elow, 5 yeypaypéros rai
'
i'ra
cf. W pawcu fi i tg‘.5 . nd
’
tum orM e : by taking up
each po int in the o rder o f the indictm ent,he will ensu re com pleteness in his de
fence . The sam e sarcasm is kept up.
567 . r. h a ve“(so .
Km mfin a) depends o n rijv xplow
(1—3) is in sub stance
quo ted from the decree : cf. 55Aesch. (m . 49) pro fesses to quo te
the exact words, 67 : Gian n i“m lMyron
x01 7 pd7 7 wv 7 6. dpwra 745GM : cf. o ther
re ferences in Aesch . to r, 237 .
3 . h u n tv : see 5 r13’and no te .
5 . dt -ijn rpo fl iltovra, andwwsv‘j(6)are predicates to rafira .
6. th e no t670813: m lexpresses paral
ypdqpac0m . Ar.
2 . 67 : Median 2 , LI(L’ 8 7 c av) 67 : i n
fiéhn o'
rdM E, L , B, F , O ;
eiipfld ere A l , L" (1 p).6. ( In ((4v O.
5 . dre
lelism with cihndi): cf. elre xalmi, §585.
See no te o n eat be fo re su m m on
§63 . r. Me biddingm e (in his decree) to be Me
crown to be proclaim ed in Me Meatre
(07 e¢avoiiv and drewe‘
ir in the usualactive fo rm ): this clause is repeated in
7 067 0 as subject o f xoww eiv.—|Miwpocr
Ypdllm m 86: Aesch. m akes it a
Specialact o f sham elessness in Ctesipho n(see ( I , re) to om it this saving clause .
Itwas frequently added in such decrees
see C . I . Att. 11 . No s . “4 (343o recpam
‘
bo'ai xpvoq’
i “wimp 6176x. 6pax
ué‘
iv ir etddv 7 6: “50mm 643, and 190.
Th is pro viso , according to Aesch .
did no t m ake the decree legal, thoughit showed a sense o f sham e in the
m over.
3 . xmw n tv . . .m ohtm plm .
italmi lit. [ MinkMi: too is concerned
wit}: my public act: (nam ely with the
questio n) whet/ref I deserve Me crown etc.
or not. The loo se re lation o f et-r’
696:
elm to 7 023 t w ohtn vuévo ts, which
it explains, is perm issib le after the fullform in 5 without this itwo uld b eo b scure .
46 AHMOZOENOYZ
3
5 Ital. 7 139 dvappn'
a ew9 7 139 cu 7 0157 013 6177 6 realIn j' e'
n pe’
w o :
Kai vdpo vs Sem re’
o v elvai p01. lead,
0139 7 0177 0.
ypa'
tpew e’
fv’
jv o fn wa i p61) , (3 03:8s'
A017va?0t, 81.
«m a n Kai d'
rrhwg dvro ho '
yiav ev xa. fl o rewfiat,
5 9 pan. 8 £17 avra. a ire'
npaxrat pat . Kai Ice a eis wroha'
flgdn apn
'
iv 76V M57 01! 7 739 ”0005179, ci9 Ehkq ds npaflfewKai hdyo vs e
’
mre'
aw' 6ydp 84.03v 7 017Wtfiia pam s 76héyew
Kai 17p0'
7 7 ecv 7d dpwv af p e Kai. yeypappévo s (69 o inc
5 5677913, 06769 £0 7 0: 67 069 n epi dn afwwv 76V e’
p o i n en ohwev
p e’
vwv h6y0v9 o ixeio vg Kai dvayxafo vs 7 5 ypatfifiv en omxak .
6757 0. real. n ohhéiv npo acpe’
a ewv 060-631: rfis n ohtreias n epi‘
Ehhnvm ds npdfe is eihdpwjv e’
yc‘
u, (50-
7 6 Kai. do oSeifewI I I 3 A
ex 7 0v7 cov 8txa to 9 a )“ n o cew flat .
d A A 3
A [LEV 06V 17p6 7 0v 170M7 ev'
60'0m Kat. Brynn/open! eye
5. 7 1‘
js in 1 067 06 om . Y,<I> (7 p) ; iv o m . B .
8. r otc'
iade E .
g 60. r. not (fo rat) O . 5 .
x er ox. xai r crpa'
ypévwv A r, B , vulg
5 . iv 7067 03 :
(in the theatre).6. 7 063 vbpovs :
given in n o—m .
§60. a. i.e . a
discussion of ou r foreign policy , i. e . o ur
relatio ns to o ther Greek states . Athensco uld no t b e said to have a policy ”
with b arb arians, tho ugh her relations tothem co uld b e expressed b y fam ed: see
no te o n olxelwv, and fevurdiv,Dem o sthenes selected fo reign
affairs as his special departm ent: see
6a“.
7 06 depending on 76
Myew. .ue, i. e . Me clause declaring etc.
4 . m papplvo s (m iddle): see no te on
56‘
7 « pou tplfl uw 7 119 « clin ics ,departm ents of Me governm ent (Open to cho ice).
i . e . before Me people
the argum ents are
60—100. In this general defence o fhis public po licy, (1) he defends his fixedprinciple o f o ppo sition to Philip
’
s aggres
rdrrwu Ar.
7 . o m . V6.
m l(bef. mj) om . Ar, Y ,Q (7 p).
r er oh revpévwv 2 , L1, A2 . 01 ;
sions 60 (a) he speaks o f the
events which im m ediately preceded the
o utb reak o f war with Philip in 340 B .C.
73— 10t), avo iding allm ention o f the
later Am phissian war and the o ther
e vents which led to the b attle o f Chaero
nea ; (3) he defends his trierarchic lawro z—rog).See Fox’s elab o rate analysis o f th is
argum ent, Kranz rede , pp . 86— 108 .
g 60. r. 1796708 “ hernia-Oat : th e
pub lic life o f Dem o sth . properly b eganwith his speech o n the Sym m ories in
354 B. C. (see H ist. s u ); b ut his te
spo nsib ility for the fore ign policy o f
Athens b egan after the peace o f 346.
Still, his fixed policy o f oppo sing Phili p ,tho ugh unsuccessfulat first, goes back at
least to the First Philippic in 35 1 ; and
he is here 60—72)defending generallyhis pub lic life as a whole , seldo m m en
tio ning his special acts . He reserve s
these for a later part o f his argum en t
79—94 , and after 5 r59).
48 AHMOZGENOYZ
A c A V 3 A I A 7 c I
a xon ew vp. 09, av8p69 7 1. 7rp00'
171c0v 1711 cheo '0u 1.
771107 7 6111 Kai. m ihw, Kai. 7 0157 1011 hd‘yo v n ap’
hafiefw 6ydp 6117 060’
60117611 7 01609 7 139 170M7 61fas eip’
67 16.
7707 641011 0671611 éxpijv , Aio '
xiv'
q, 76411101119410. 041620011 Kai. 7 1611I C A 3 A A I I
061011 " I” avm s GP 7 1) 9 67 7 0t x01. t orrwv 7 0 1561. 067 1107 0A I 3 C I Q A
(Datu m -
1p 7 7711 7 0111 Ea aw apxnv 1c0.1. 7 0 7 1011
npoyo'
vwv Kahd. Kai 8511010 doacpé‘
v 1) 7 067 0 11611 11 1) 17016211 ,C A d 3 C I I
5 86111011 yap 019 a 8 empa a vufi'
qa opa za 61. p 178619
3 . 16011p 7 vulg . 13 0m . 2 , L .
68 . 2 .
3 . 179001311011611 : see no te on 631.
4 . wpdfl ew 1101 170161211 : see 5When these wo rds do no t have the irproper distinction o f do and m ake, they
som etim es have no apparent distinctio nsee 246
5 and IV . 5, 066611 039 111m l.
r ewolnxev Grpafev .
5 . « clin ic s : partitive .
Cf. 597.
§68 . 1 .
petv ; should helped P hilip to
gain his dom in ion over the Greeks, and
(so) have set at naught the gloriou s and
fast deeds of our ancestors ? Here, and
in My 77016211 and r epu beir (also depending o n éxpijr), in 71
'
p00‘il1r6 1 016211 and
(661 M 1
7619 7? 7pd¢fl ll in 56621 in banjo
7701601 in and ¢avijrat ixpijv in
we have (I think ) sim ply the
o rdinary use o f the infinitive dependingo n a past verb expressing duty o r pro
priety , with no ne o f the idio m atic fo rceb y which (fo r exam ple) 6661. 06 éh06i
‘
r
o ften m eans you ought to have gone (bu t
did not go). These expressio ns are all
repetitions o r enlargem ents o f 7 5
6)o 1711 in which o b vio usly asksonlywhat was it right for Athens to do ?with no im plied idea that she did o r did
no t do the right thing . So in §63l the
questio n is sim plywas it rightfor her tohelp P hilip etc. ? See M .T . 4 1 7, and
pp . 403, 404 . In such cases the idiom atic use is o ften forced upon the ex
pressio ns, and éxpijr 007 1107 011700001. is
611 o m . L, A2 , 01 .
067 733 2 L , A l , B , vulg . ; 06761 0. 4 . 110116 (fo r k ahd)
tho ught to m ean ought she to have helped
him to acqu ire etc. (which she did notdo )?But here 1701629 in §63
"and ¢arijrai
in 7 11°refer to what actually happened.
The consideration o f these exam ples hasco nvinced m e thatwe are o ften wro ng in
assum ing the idio m atic use where it does
no t exist. See no tes on 2 393.
It is so m etim es uncertain in which sense
we are to take such expressio ns . Bu t
when (with the present infinitive) theyrefer to present tim e , as 7 06066 111)6661, these ought not to be alive, So ph .
Phil. 4 18, the use is always idio m atic.
The reiteratio n o f the questio n , no ticedabo ve , was called See Her
m ogenes (lll. pp . 266, 267 W . ) rat‘
s
60'
laxboaer 7 1107 1107 1011
xpdm eda, dis 6M7 10): 611 r epl0~rc¢arov ,
7 67 611011 , 017101, 776711 11
60 117 87 , 7 6. éfijs. 7 067 1) 7 1? in olau héov 1) 7 67 1101111 611 7 067 43 7 67 141 xéxpm ai
,
x02 7 6 1107 107 011 616. 7 06 06706 0xrjlu07 0s,M ‘
yw7 017 x07’
6111677 0111 65017007 po¢ijs. 610
yap 7 6 611605011 7 13: 61111010: 617 111611 61. 1101
661111711 67 110117 01 ix0p1p“
, 7 02: 067 6x6016
611107 7506001 066'
01107 7 6131 bdrm—76 1196vqpa 1101 7 1111 her spirit and her
2 . b u n
-ri fe; im plies a descent to theirlevel. The Thessalians helped Philip inthe Am phissian war ; the Dolopians are
pro b ably m entioned only to disparage theThessalians further.
5 . 0011811065100 cl pq ls ire-M100
TTEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY 49
xwhv0'
61 , Kai. arpona floivefl’
109 GOLK€V fl ohlto v , 7 0v7 0 176p11
7 17 116116110 03010 111111 67 107 6 7 011 11.t 7 677 17 1p 0 64
7 019 17617p07 116'
v0191
1386019 6p0111'
qv , 7 179 170109
71611617001 ripe m ihw 63015h67’
17é7 6par1 7169 01 111017 509 76311
0 01136a 67 1011 7 0339"
Ehltno w 16011 1311 110i. 010x’
péiv, 159 6118 67 7 01 0139 Kai. 7 0139 11670 7 0157 11111 GZTJ'OL 7 19, i) 7 139 176p160p0 5
160608 7 0137 0 7 171116116110 6773. rfi 7 139 i8£09 17). 60116f1fa9 61 17681,9 s 1 r a e e
7’s Ap1c0809 1601 M eo'
onym o vs 1601. Apyewvs 0611
1711611 .
dkhd. 160i 7 0157 0111 fl ohho i, pm 011 86 1701117 69, xdpo v 7511 1311 65I C I I
awhhaxao'w . 1601 yap 61 p611 019 616p07 7)0
'
6 <I> 1h1777709 01x67
61306019 dr udw 160i. F670 7 0177’
flyev fia vxiav, 7 1311 0137013
o'
vppa'
xwv 7 1311 67010111‘
Ehhfivwv yv786'
r1a 11178611 hvm y’
a as.
7711 div 7 19 k a7d 7 1311 ots 6'
17p07 7 611 616631109 5
116114119 1602. KamyOpia'
6i 866p o 1fw9 154 701117 0111 766610110 ,
c I 3 I I fl
117 6110111011 , 7 1711 6h6v06p1011 176p161h67 0, yahho v 86 1601 7 09
504 . 3 . riyr m ik e 7 6760001 Y. flohkn’A 1 fioéhaw
’
(6 over01)V6.
wpaxvias 2 : 1 6p161op01rvlar L , vu lg . Bk . r ep eopaxviar Dind. , Vom . , West. Lips .
We il, B1. 7. (r by corr. 2 .
g 66. a. yap om . A 1 . 3. 61706101 2 , L, A11 ; 660811 vulg . 0117 011 2 ;
067 06L ; 0670? vulg . 3 .1611 611 2 . L‘, A0 ; 611111:
17111 vulg . 7 137 0611 (110117 .
(the co m m o n older reading) Y 0 o ther 1188 . o m . 0611 .
cf. Aesch . 111. 90, 6 7 ,066q $11 606
1167011 6! pi) xwltéo ere . In b o th we m ighthave the future o ptative .
these acts to go o n ; 7 6p116ei‘
r 7 676116110
would b e to allow them to happen (M .T.
148 and 9o 3°, with the discussio n o f
176511166811 7 11110680011 and t ep116e
'
1‘
e 7 11110531101in Thuc. It. 18,
3 11011, now, when the fight
fo r lib erty is ended . 7 011 1761 1107 116s
refers to the fight itself.—7611 pakm’
3 . 10417001, to join (no t to belongto).
5 . m m utas : I have ado pted th isfo rm o n the alm o st unanim o us authorityo f m odern scholars , even against the M88.
See Blass -Kiihner, 343 .
6. ywvépeva : cf. no te on
see Po lyh . xvn .
14 (quo ted in note o n s2955)fo radefence
o f these neutrals .
G . D .
5 66. 2 . 152 61111611 01 : i. e . at Chaeronea. Philip treated Athens with greatconsideratio n after the battle , resto ringher 2000 priso ners witho ut ransom ; b ut
wreaked his vengeance on Theb es (as a
fo rm er ally) and invaded Pelo po nnesus.
(Gro te xl. 699 —6xe7'
61711311 : fo r
this and sim ilar expressions see M .T.
895 .
5. ih ( V nam yopta , there m ight
perhaps be som e grou nd for blam e and
accusation etc. : the older editions have17111 511 7 1s and 110767 1311 0011 6110117 1111
06117 101 , with an entirelydifferentm eaning .
(See criticalnote . )6. “(s pa fiyepovtav M aw
see xxx . 260, 7 097 0 76 117167 110 (the co r
ruption o f leading m en by Philip) 9 67 7 0M
’
fw 11611 inepoviar 1101 76 110111611
115101111 dru hwkéreg 11611 6’
6611 110!
0161106l rapa1p6'
1'
7 01 yap dxpo
176k“: 61110111 310116667 61 ¢povp060111.
Fo r Eub oea see 5 7 1 (b elow).
so AHMOZOENOYI
I Q 9 I A a C I I e A
000111 68111107 0, 17019 cux 0170117 0111 61180607 070éfio vha ia aa de 611ml. 17610067 69 ;
’
AM’ a A 6 3 I I I
x A: I
GKGLO’
6170116px0pa1 . 7 1 7 1711 170 111 ,
17p00'
fi1r6 17016211 dpxfiv 160i. 7 vp011111f8a 7 5111‘
Ehhrfuwv6011701
“
1107 00 166110C611611011 <I> 1flt11717011 ; 7) 7 5 7611 a bpflo vho vv I I I fl
6861. hey61r1 7) ypa¢6w 7 011 Adnm a'w (1601. yap 7 0117 0
5 17X61'
0'
7 011 86a¢ép66), 69 O‘
UVD’
SGLV p611 611 17011769 7 013 xpdvo vI A 6 I 2 1 0 1 1. 2 A 2 e 2
[1&p 041 179 0117 09 617 1. 7 0 317110 0116a . 061
176pi 1711017 650111 110i 7 111 179 110i. 865119 dym ope’
vnv 76111707 11580, 1cai. 17h61fa1 160i. xpfipa7 a Kai. 0 161107 0 dm hwxviavc 1 A A 1 a A .11
u1rep ¢1ho 7 111109 1101 7 0111 1700 1. 0v11¢6po v7 1011 17 ahltawQ I C C A I 9 C I
67 Elthqvwv t11rep 0117 1011 am hwxaaw GKGO’
TOL, 6a1pa1x1 8 0117 011
8. 60011 A2 , B‘; 6010Y,
B“, F5 66. 1 . 1101 ri V6. 2 .
(«or twice o ver - 011) L’.
L1 4 1 5“
7 0117 61 B,vulg . 6.
B, vulg . 7 .
01611 . 1101
l. 10) 2 , L ; 61107111111 . (in b o th) vulg .
B , vulg . to . o ! 70617611 B , vulg.
7 ) 2 .
x01. .6101pép61 o m . V6.
8. « oh -rem , free governm ents . See
Arist. Pol. VI . (1v . ) 8, 3 . 607 1 yap i;iroMreia dr hé r 6117627 11151: bittyapxlas1101 6npoxparlas, 66110716711 7 61 11611
617001 1110600: 16: 1'p 617,11011p07 l0r
1707117 6101, 7 6: 66 rpbs 7 1111 bMyapxiar
116701011 dpw'
roxparlas 616 7 6udhhov 6x0
1ra1beia11 1101 66761161011 7 021 66170
pw-répou . See Dem . V111 . 4 3 , 6x0p611
1'
11761h1;¢61101 7 131 u oh17 elas 1101 7 139 617110xp07 ias 6610010117 011 6116211011 , and V I . 2 1 ,
06 ydp 7 0>. 17 6l011 01 111161
7 061 7 14101 110111 06701 Mar 61.11Ma1 . Aristo tle uses 7 07117 1110 in a special sense
(Pol. 111. 7, 3) fo r his third fo rm o f go od
go vernm ent, Oppo sed to 6np0xpa7 l0, its
7 0pé1r60011 . —d1ra'
117 m 1 : partitive with61160817 07 0. So 615¢1w. b7 07
'
d.110e in
X IX . 50, 6.11010xv11767 07'
dyOpa'
nrwv inX XV I !
18, 61110167 07'
6110111617 101 in 1111 111. 28.
66. 1 . 6116611” lwavipXOpat, 1 re
tu rn to my question , i. e . after the dig 1es
611121001 7 6111 EM . A 1 . 3 .
4 . VM 11 M v V
at 76. om . 2,L , A 1 . 2 .
01111606M 111’
AO1)11 . 6116vulg . ; o m . 2 ,
5. 011111366111 11611 2 , L, A 1 . 2 ; 11611 after
7 161 13146110: 2 . L1, A 2 ; 7 13066 611 . A 1 ; 4111 . 6116111 111
7 111171 668111 0 (cf.M 11 . A 1 . 2 ; wk . 1101xpflp . vulg .
8. Z, L ; 1th . 1101
drake-111 113011 (andM hdtxafl w in
1 801 2 . L1, A 1 . 2 ; 67 001'
EM 1101
617611 0117 (110 o ver
sio n in §65.
2 . « poo-iii“ 10016111 see no te o n
s 63‘
5 . 83 w vflSaV : the antecedent, 7 6:
0611301171011 , refers to the speaker, and
m o st MSS . inse rt 6116 after'
A01)v110111.
see 2033.
6. 641’
1is, when (on which), strictlybeg inn ing with which , cou nting fromwhich (as a date).
7 . 6.101111top6v11v : or. obl. after 011111)66111 , like cf. fo ur participles after61611101
1, 67
1.
8 . ”nip-07 0 1101 01511070 , m oney and
lines . With the lo rdly b oast o f this passage co m pare the allusio n to Salam is in238.
9. 410.07 1pfias , her honour ; pro perlylove of hono u r, b u t o ften used like
cf. 11 . 3, 16.
g 67 . 1 . 616911111 co ntinues the con
structio n o f 6s
i'
lEPl.TOY ZTE¢ANOY
A
7611 <I>1fh11717011 , 171169 611 1711 1511 111 0C 3 C A
07 0111 , 1117611 0px179 1601I I A
81111007 6109 7 011 o¢00h11011 6161661601111611011 , 7 1711 16X6111 1607 60
7 67 0, X6fp0, 760 166'
h09 1761717110111611011 , 17011 67 1Bo vkqflein1161109 i) 76x17 7 013 0031107 09 170116060001, 7 0137 0 17po i
'
6'
116v0v,
7 A A A I A 1
010 7 6 7 111 ho m ey 1167 0 7 111 179 1601 805179 (1711 ; 1601 11 1711 01186
7 013707’
0158669 011 62176211 7 0X111§001, 019 7 113 11611 611 116701
07p0¢e
'
rr1 , xwptfrp 0865111 767 6 7’
6117 1 1606FLKPQB, 7 000157 1711I 9 I 7 A A C I
1167 0001I1vx1011 1711001716611 677 61160001 0107 6 7 179 7 11111 [496017110111A fl fl I C a
011a 617 10v11 71001 1601 7 0117 619 7 011 wow 61130660901, ma y 5
Q 67 . 2 . 1511 om . 0, V6.
19°11t ? Gell. 5 . 7 0177 011 41.
L, Ar.
63 .
21116 7 6960001 A 1 . 5 .
a. contrasted within 6117 007 610
is pro perly 0 go vernm ent o f fo rce , no t
based o n the po pular will; see a7o‘.
Arist. P ol. v 1 . (lv .) 5, 2 , speaking o f
the extrem e oligarchy, 67 011 0px” 1111 6
1 61101 0M’
01 0113101 7 61 , says , 1101 (07 111
0wl07 po¢or 067 11 67 7 021 6k17 0pxta11 160
17611 1) 7 11110111111 611 7 021 110110pxl011 1102 176p2
171 7 67161170101 667011611 611 7 021
641101 1107 101: (unb ridled unconstitutio naldem o cracy). 1102xahoiiaw 61) 79111 7 01067 1111
6M7 0pxl011 6011007 6110 11 . ButDem o sth.
u ses 6111 007 6101 in 31 27o f the power o f
Athens . It is generally, however, an
odio us term .
3 . 7 611v luncxopplvov,hadhad
his eye knocked out, pass ive o f the activefo rm 611116177 61 7 1: 067 13 7 611 6¢00h11611, re
taining the accus . o f the thing . The
following 1107 60767 0 is passive in sense ,
and has the sam e construction . Cf. 01707 11 1106 7 6: 701 KCMM S, X en . An . 11. 6, 1 ,
represe nting 01767 611011 067 02: 701 166¢0X01 .Fo r o ther exam ples see Thuc. t.
A1 . Nub . 7 1 Plato , Men . 87C ; es
peciallyThuc. 1 . 73, 6! 110161'
6xhov 110RX011
607 01 062 r pofiakhopévm s (se . 70M1161110),representing rpofidkkouer 611211 701111161110,as is o b scurely suggested b y Kriiger. Of
Philip’s wo unds the Scholiast says, 661767 1 1111167 67 1 7 611 d0oak116s érkm 611 71?
611211 As .
7 007 0 2, L‘, Gell. ; 7 007 0 67 0111 01:
111102611 . 2 A 1 ; 7 0177 0 60611111 1101 67 0111 1111 171102611 . B, vulg . 6.
4 . 6 7 1 011 301011106011 A 1 ; 6 7 1
7 6 M 11 61
a. 7 ak1111001 2 ; 7 0h111§001 -6161 o ver - 01) L ; why -
17061611 vulg.
611 7611 110611 2 , L, A 1 ; 7611 om . vulg .
11160161117, 7 271 66 1016211 67 1 7001111021, 76 66
0116 01 1102 The 7162110 611 2 16150011 . Fo r
Methone , captured by Philip in 353 B. C.,
see H ist. 5 3 (end). For the Illyrianssee Co r. g 44 , and fo r the Scythian cam
paign o f Philip in 339, see Hist. 569.
5. 1711026110 011, i. e . always ready to
sacrifice, followed by 67 1 5011711101411.63 . 2 . “Maia-01 : I have retained
this fo rm ,with m o st recent edito rs, on
the authority o f 2 , tho ugh the form in- 616 is far m o re co m m o n in Dem o sthenes
and in o ther Attic pro se . See Blass
K iihner 11 . p . 74 ; on the o ther sideRutherford
’s New Phrynichus, pp. 433
438. Aristo tle has the fo rm -01 qu ite as
o ften as - 616.—lv Hahn 7 110416117 1 : cf.
Hegesippus [Dem . V IL ] 7 , 1 1161 7 611 61
HAM): 6p1111'
1116vov, with the sam e sarcasm .
Pella was a sm allplace untilPhilip en
larged and adorned it. See Strab . v11.
fr. 23 : 7 1711 116t 0600» 1111111011 171167 611011-
1701 621 11 131101 17051106 7 p0¢els 611
4 . lofty aspirations .
Aristo tle (Eth . lv . 3 , 3) says o f the 11670Mwuxos, the great- seated o r high - m inded
m an,601162 621101 6 11070v 6011761 0431611
05101 div. Cf.
5 . etc 7611 t1o lpfld lo'Om :
phrase take it into his head.
cfi o ur
52 AHMOi OENOYZ
8’
05m m’
A0qvac'
o u; Kai Kurd rip: fipe'
pav e'
xdo '
m v 5» m ic e
Kai. hog/ow Kai. flewpfipaa c Ti}; 761: wpoyd v dpe'
n'
is
pmfpafl'
opéia t roa'
atfm v Kaxiav 157 6.p (307 6 7 139 e’
hevflepfa s‘
R I
aw ewawe'
hro vs‘ éflehowas wapaxmpna ac(mum my.
69 av etc “rav
'
ra Mam a . ko m ov Taiw u 17V Kai. dvayxafo v dpa
n ao w of; e’
xe'
ivo g gnparrev a’
fiucéiv finds évavn ofio flm
Scxa fws . 7 031"
e’
rro ze‘
i're p31! {mete if dpxfis‘
eixd'rws Ka i.I V I
npoawxowws, eypacpo v 86 Ka t. o-
vvefiovhevo v Ka t. eyw xafl'
24 8Q I I c A t I Q a
5 avg efl oht'revoynv xpovovs‘
. Op ohoyw. N a 11. exp'
qv pmA Q 1 g g A I Q t 3 3 l
wo mew ; n81) yap 0'
eparrw, wawa rah). agbecs, Ampm ohw,
H68vav, Horet'
aacav ,
‘
Ahomma o v 01580 69 7 015e pe'
pvnpat
70Ee'
ppto v 86 Kai Aopw xo v Kai. m y Hewapnflo v wopflqaw Kai.
00'
akha. 17 arches 1781x607 0, o vS ei. yéyovev otSa . xcm'
o c m )
6. a re). rip 1)v {aria-rm 2 . L
‘, A l a
’ in . és . L’ (7p). B vu .lg 7 . rat'
s
(fo r fi n) V6. ur bm pa Oeupé‘
tm (to o ver ov), L‘, A2 ; w oM paO'optio u
E hrp), vulg . 8 . dis A cuo. 2 , A2 ;‘
rfis rfi t Ekkflvw A 600. vulg .
9. (ad orn s
O
E ; (Ga mm a: L, A r. 10. W ater 2 . V6; wh en L, vulg .
5 60. 2 . lvarrcoOcOe Z . 3 . {meet Cf dpxfir 2 , L, B, A ! £3 (1px. up. vulg .
4 . s o ! (b efo re om . At .
§7 0. r. rip om . V6. 2 . 60" N a 2 , L‘, A2 ; 60a dM a rom fira vulg .
flfitxe‘
c‘ro E, L ,
<I> ; fi lx‘m'o vulg .
6. lv vac a n t -swim i. e . in all
that you hear and .w : Oeépnua is veryrare fo r04am .
7. W M’
6980 , beholdc'
ng m e
m orials ; 6m by a slight z eugm a in
cluding M -
yu r: cf. Aeschyl. Pro m . 2 1
ah a¢wrbv 007 6‘
ro vWW pptm'
bvWm .
8. s calar : see no te on fiz o’.—irrdp
Eat. and 471 0 600414 (4) depend o n rpoa
fixer.
of eredvolu nteers : cf. 5 —o'58
’
CV etc:
see M . T. 1 19 : our air (separated)=mum “ gu idm , not a m ax .
00. x. dvaynatov (pa: cf. dra
7 xa'
c'
ov xalMa n or 5M . 51 . h u m -w «(S-x i v, in strong anti
thesis to évm coiiwacGwalior.
3 . If dpxfis : this refers strictly onlyto the tim e o f his own leadership (a ’
oOrér oh rwéumvxpérovr). Buthe m odestly and specio usly appears to represent
his own vigo ro us po licy as a continuation a. 038’
cly‘yowv one : cf. xxx. 78.o f earlier energy . When Philip was u p roGrov 068
’(I dun , not k ing
turing Am phipo lis , Pydna, and Po tidaea,Athens was supinely inactive ; b ut Dem osthenes was no t yet a respo nsib leadviser. In 55 18 and 60 he expresslydisclaim s allresponsib ility fo rthese earliertim es .
5. 1" M y |u w utv ; see no te on
563’
6. i1h c’
lpcrri : the third tim e o f
asking . See no te on 5 63‘and the quo
tation from Hem ogenes. leavingout qf account : fo r Am phipo lis , Pydna,and Po tidaea. see H ist. 5 3 ; fo r Halonnesas. H ist. 85 55. 56. 57
7 0. t . For Serrhinm andDo riscus
see no te o n 9 Fo r the sacking o f
Peparethns (in 34 1—340 B.C.) see H ist.566. 11 61117 M W ”
”
Alumna valian t):
rot? h u t -
t oo , Scho l . The peo ple o f Peparethus, an ally of Athens. had takenHalonnesus from Philip and m pturedhis
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY
‘
y’
etfi'qa'fla p e rav
‘
ra. héyowa. sis exflpav épflahew Tow o va i,
EvBo o v Kai p vmfiww o s Kai. Awn etflo vs raw n epi.
7 015e 111194110510:e 6117 0111 , 015K (3 Xéywv efixepw”
:5 7 1.
av Bo vh'
qflfis . 01533 vim n epi 7 015e épa'
i. dhh’
a m p
Efiflo uw e’
xeivo s O'
cpereptCépevo s Kai Karao xevdlwv e’
m rei
xw'
p.
’
e’
rri. ni
p; Kai. M eyoipm s e’
m xetpa'
iv, xai Kara.
Murrow-avra: 2 (m g . L, vu lg. Km o tfl bvros 2 ‘ (dots beneath), A2 .
5 . ¢In¢. A 1 . N 7 100ab o ve l ine) 2 . 6. 066“rib A t .
5 7 1 . 2 . ém ‘
raxiopara 0.
see Aesch. 111. 82, dpxds at’
rro‘
c'
r in fl ow
r ohéuo u m lrapaxfis.
3 . 7 a91's “1M “(no t dr ow n), i.e . by
over/arrangly talking about tim e.
4 . Evpo tihou ItalM oo-M m in
replying to Aeschines (as quo ted ab ove)b e is glad to b e ab le to refer to decrees o f
his po litical opponents while there wereno ne o f his own. Eub u lus, though hewas the leader of the peace party and
always friendly to Philip, m ight have
pro posed decrees directing nego tiationswith Philip ab out the towns captured b yPh ilip orthe lateraffairo fPeparethus ; andhe m ight have propo sed o ne rem onstrat
ing against the se izure o f Athenian ships(5 like the spurious o ne in 93 73, 74 .
The decrees o f Eubu lus and"
AristOphon
read to the court (55 73—75) m ay have
referred to any o f these sub jects . As
Aristophon lived to near the age o f a
hundred, he m ay have proposed b illsfrom 346 to 340 B.C. , tho ugh he was
b o rn b efore the Pe10ponnesianWar. See
Schaefer l. 138. 183.—Diopithes is pro b
ab ly no t the general, b ut the Sphettian,o f who m Hyperides (Eux. xxxnt. 29)says, 03 Jewéraror elvtu 1137 b 7 5
6. “Sh i ps : the third t apdheu/nr
(cf. 55 697, in which a fact is im
pressively stated by declaring that it shal lno t b e m entioned.
3 7 1 . 2 . 1m m : this po sition is
al lowed the dem onstrative when another
qualifying word fo llows the article : cf.
1} cu r b din ) 6861, Ken . An . IV. 2 , 6.
But even then , the regu lar orderm ay b e
kept (Madvig , Syu t. 5 tr).
pm : (from a¢érepor), appropriating,m aking his own , o f unlawfu l o r unjustappropriation : cf. xxxrt. a, «roe
-repto u
00m , and Aeschyl. Suppl . 39, 114m m
a¢e7 ep¢£dw or ér tflfivar. For the activeéa¢erépwav see Plat. Leg. 7 15 A. I am
indeb ted to Dr Murray o f Oxford fo r an
exam ple o f the English verb :plretm'
ze,
in a letter o f SirWm Jones in S . Parr’sWo rks I . 109,
“Rem em b er to
reserve for m e a copy o f yo ur b ook . I
am reso lved to sm'
ac som e passages
o f it." The dictio naries o ften refer to
Burke for this wo rd.—lm rcfxw|1.a hrl
11111 a: a fortress corn intendingAttica . An h trelxwpa is properly a
fortress in an enem y’s co untry, used as
a m il itary basis , like the Spartan fort at
Decelea in the Pe loponnesian War. HereEub o ea in Philip’s hands is figurative lydescrib ed as such a fortress com m andingAttica ; and the sight o f its high m oun
tains across the narrow strait m ade the
figure especially vivid to dwellers in the
east o f Attica : see 5 87‘ and no te . See
vm . 36, o f the tyrants in Eretria and
Oreus, 860 b Et’lfiola scream “rvpdn ovr,
m per dr aw-ra pt) 1 7 7 11113: h rrerxl
ou r, 7611 6’h i Erica” . Cf. Thuc. l.
1 . v 1. V 11 . This passage relates to Philip’s operatio ns inEub oea in 343
—34 2 B.C. See 5 79
7
with note , and H ist. Q 58.
3 MW " M m e-7" in 344—343
D.C. Phi lip attem pted to get po ssessio n o f
Megara, with the help o f his friends in
54 AHMOZOENOYZ
I 3 I
kapfiavm v Q peo v, rear. xaraa xam wv Hopflp ov, Ka t. xaflra rasA I I I I
5 cv p ep Q peqo d une 7 vpaw o v er 8 Epe7 ptq. Kherrapxo v ,
Q I C Q A I IKat 7 ou EMna
'
rrow o v mp cu.q rro rovpevo s, Kat Bvljaw ro v
I C I 0 A G
rrohropxwv, Ka t. rrohets EMnm Sa s as prev avarpaw a s a s 86
7 ons Ka7dym v, rrdrepo v rat3ra. rrdw a 170t fiSfxetKa i. 1704160 17d 61. Kai. e
'kue 7 97V eiprfvnv f) 013 Kai. 1767 65101:
10 (pavfivaf rwa 7 63V‘
Ehhn'
vwv rov ra t3ra Kwkdo '
o vra rro rewA I A A
7 2 aw o v expnv 17 er. yap expnv , aM a Mva m v
hefav xaho vp em y'
v 7 1711‘
EhhdSa 6¢0fivat Céwwv Ka i
o y7 m u'
A917vafwv , rreprefpyaapat p31! e’
ya‘
u rrepi. 7 01?e eirrdw,
I
82 e I c A 0 a v
8\ 2 I
rreprerpyam a t 17 rrohts 17 176100610 can » 6 ae -
q
5 pram . rrofivr'
oi. cl8’
3861.rre'
rrpaxrar Kai dpaprrfpar e’
pd.
4 , 5. wpatov andwpru on 2 . 6. 70v drm or A 1 (cf. 5 7. is new2 ,
L, A2, B ; rd:My A 1 , Y,vu lg . siri : be 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , B ; eis rd: 6a0 (r ? erased).Older editio ns have m a n n a: o r res u m es : see Reiske and Do b so n . 8. ram
rafira F ; rdwa om . L . 9. ri p elp. (hue L .
7 2 . 2 . Relay (er fr. t) 2 .
'
AO. teal6rm vu lg . 5. m irra 2 , I
A2 , B , Y ,<l> ; 1 4117 0. 7 11 177 11. vulg .
the city . See 48°
and H ist. 52 .
Megara is m entio ned here with Eu b o eab ecause its close pro xim ity to Athenswou ld have m ade it, in Philip’s hands,ano ther ém relxwpa érl
'
Arrur1)v .
6. 7 6V'
Ehk1fm m v: fo r Philip’soperations in the He llespo nt and at Byzantium , see 87—89, and 244 .
7 . ds dc Si : very rare fo r
m per u sal: m as: in xu . 1 1 we have
6 new (cod. A 76. 62 7 d 6s.
See Philem . frag . 99 (Kock) dry as. didréxnv, 1511 Gé 81
’éavroér. (See Vtirnel. )
8 . 7 062 M 68 “ t ardy-w: i.e . re
storing his own exiled partisans .
9. ii 05 : se . b ut (in 1 1)ifpsi: se . aparfivru .
10. 7611 7 am enliv en 7 . 1m
Maer (final); in 5 72° is the sim ple
xwhrm iv ; b o th predicates with oavfivar.1 1 . M 11 r
’
i M : the question is hereput fo r the fo urth tim e : see no te on
s 63‘
5 7 2 . 1 . clplv ydp pr) lxpr'
iv : thealternative is cl8
’ —‘rr)v M0067
M aw, Myrr'
an booty , i.e . like the Mysians,
a prey to everyb ody. r aponda rdrrerat
Bl61 1 rd» Mrnv xaldvatrlwr att en uat
vwv r apoqula, fir M at Afluaw
r-bv dpx
'bv hafietv a'
r b rawxaraBpa/révrw
darwerrém v re xalhyardw riyv Mvalar
xardr‘bv Tr7M¢ov 7 06fiacthéws 61 06174110 ,
llarpo cr. This refers to the wanderingso f Te lephus, disgu ised as a b eggar, in
quest o f Achilles , who hadwo unded himand alone co u ld cure his wo und. Thiswas the plo t o f the m uch - ridicu led Te lephus o f Euripides : see Plat. Go rg . 52 1 11 ;
Arist. Rhet. t. 1 2 , 2o .
2 . M u s: sc.
{61m in nut Sn ow : see no te o n 5See Plat. Rep. 369 D. 7 09 dual re xal
fi r .
3 . « spri g-
yam , 1 flow done a useless
(superfluous)work : r eprrrfir xalar’
zt dra
7 xalwr r ap-
(in e rt re (7 111 m l 1) 1 6m 7)
r etaoeio'a pta'
rqr érrela'an
4 . ddlxmtara italdream-r)
pa ra £116. is predicate to (arm . See
ddlxnua , (rim e, and dpdprmta , blu nder,
distingu ished in 5 2 74 .
56 AHMOZGENOYZ
661100111 6111 7 9711 7 015 0157 011 r aparrop'mfiv 669 6
(Pekirrrro u 07 p07 1ry6s'
Apr5v7 0s 1107 0131150e 66s Max680v1fav 1101 611
rv axi}6x61, érrm exnefiua r 7 015s rrpvrdvecs 1102 7 015s arparvryo t‘
fs
617 1011 1) 78011719; 0000x075 11105 067166650 1. Wpéafiers 77p6s ¢ i>twrrro v,
7 4 olrwes 7 07007 611609 1“ 81071650117 01. 717069 0157 611 rrepl7 01564160151101.7611 v0150px011 real. 7 6 7171020 1101 7 015s 07 7007 1167 0
11 . real61’
67 1101011 7 0157 0 1767706171161: 6 67 1 015pep slrm orpei 6815001;0158611 0157 05
:61'
86’
7 1. e qppeXofivra rrapa 766411607a 0
5 67 1. évrwxeqreipevor’
A07)110201 677 17 10150011“ 10176. 7611 7 155671.1w 9
6515011. 61’
86017867 611011 7 0157 1011 607 511, 1586005v 00110150 1 1: 1)6dWOG TG6M Q 6drrea'
ralp e'
vos, 11027 0157 0 7167 6111, 7110 a id-001161161101;68600s 78011716150117 01. 7 6862 71016211 ]
T087 0 7 05111111 76 1664110710 E15fio vho s gypatpev , 01511
768’
61116661; 6l0' ‘
Hyria rrrrro s, 637' ’
Apr.o'
7 o
1116511 rra'
t , elra t o xpa'
m s, elra 1074110011160, elra 176117 69
éydi 8’
0158611 176pi. 7 0157 0111 . he'
y6.
‘I’HQ IEMA.
fErrlNeonhe’
o vs dpxovro s, 730178p011165110s 3117) 110i fianhfis
7 111157177, 7171117 611619: xal. 07 7107 17i 6xp
'
qpa'
7wa v 76. 61: 7 159 6111007060967 1. 680E6 76581571 171 7 716173619 67160901. rrp6s (Whamm y
rrepl7 759 7 6511 17710150111 611011011 1881: xal. évrokds 80151101. 1107 6 76. 60
10 76s éxxhqa r’
a s e lo '
pura . 1103. 62710117 0 7 015086, Kmpra'
opéiw a
Kléawo s'
A110¢7t1507 1011, Anp6np17 0v Anpo¢65117 0s’
Avayvpda'
1011,
Hokdxpero u’
A-m u.u ivro v K0001x1f81711. vrpvraver'
a rv'
ist
1111-110
001117 15809, K0Mtvre15s rrp668p0s GIWGVJ
7 01'
vvv 6y61 7 0157 0 86111111501 76. 161741607107 0, 0157 10A 3 I C fl 8 I I V I
1101. 0 11 861. 011, Ata'
q , 01701011 eyw ypatllas 41174110710 a 1.r1.o s
Q 7 8 . 3 . 11 11117 61 2 , L‘, A2 ; 7 11117 61 01 dhhot vu lg. 4 . M 1
71 . 2 ; M7 6 7 6
M 110. L, vulg .
5 7 6. 2 . x01 0m . 2 1. 61 03011 2 , L, A2 ; 7 03011
5 7 8 . 4 . £78 8’
068“wept 7 11157 1111 7 11611101 7 0: fo r 110101011070 ypddram r) : seethis with 5 76’ is a po sitive denial o f the H ist. 5 68, no te . Though Dem osthenes
statem ent o f Aeschines (m . 55) that the was co nstantly propo sing decrees at thisdecree declaring war was proposed by tim e, he canno t have proposed the o ne
Dem osthenes. The authority o f Philo which fo rm ally declaredwar orany on thecho rus, claim edforthis statem ent, is based m atters m entioned in g 70 o r ab o ut theo n an unnecessary em endation (Morena se iz ure o f ships (i.e . r cptn orm ).
HEP! TOY 2TE¢ANOY 57
7 015 770h6'
11011 . M’
01516 6x019'
7 841 65x69, 0158611
0157 015 77p67 6p011 1111116770p6'
0'
x0v . 113711 0158’
80011 1 -
17091 1 A s 1 c A 1 6 1 s A
0118611 017 107 01 6p. v776p 7 0v wokepo v , c7 epo 1s 67 110510111 . 53
8’
0117-
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EHIETOAH.
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0111 7 35 300715 705 7 7
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15116111 77pe0Bev7 0i,K 77¢100¢6111 110i. Anpdxp17 09 816Xéy0117 0 776pi. 7 7597 6111 7771050111 0541606019 0511 éua vdpxa Aew80
'
1109. 1100’
671011 11611
0611 61101176 ¢a5116006 611 1167 0513) 615170650 6060001 , 65 05600’
61165
7101100116111 57 1 68077607 051 1) 7 0157 0 7 0 7771020 771184100 111 11611 059 7 811037 011 7701107761111
-0117 0 6x 7 06'
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’
61106 11611 wokwpxo vpévow, 015d Ufl Wépt Xflppél/OH,
‘ 86611 7 029 769 4115509 10011135 166111611019
0011975111019. 1102. 7 067 0 0 1111670x07) 705 110110119601 1511611 7 06 7 8
7 06'
A07711050111, 6778 86'
7 11101 11 0px6117 0111 xai. 6761111111 581017 1611 11611 111511
8117 0111, 611 770117 89 867 p87rov B0v7t0116'
110111 7 811 0117 2 7 159 11611
6770px060779 77p89 6116 41171509 7 811 77671611011 dvaM BeZv, 7707171153
11 15701011 ¢117L07 111011116110111 7 067 0 0 11117 67 67160001 67 029 Enk vfipm vok 5
fioq06001 . 1101 6770710113011060 111 067 029 7 8 7 01067 0 77p6008011
6060001 ’
015 116117 01 801162 7 067 0 ” 1750111011 1577011956111 0159'
1511211
0157’
61105. 816776p 7 0'
7 6 11611 x07 0x06'
117 0 7771020 7rp8s 0015711 1
11067 06 71017706, 63111 180157177096 p) ; 677 17 11677610 7 029 77400607 7)
x60 1 11 15110511 110110169019 7707117 6660001, 677 17 11167 6, 7761p0001101 10
1105781 810¢v71¢57 7 61 11 651115117111 . 667 0x627 6 ]’
B117 060’
0158011015 q o006'
11'
q11 767 11041611 , 0158’
057 5011 79
0158611115011 1607’
7 5 7707'
01511 7 029 ihhow éyxahtfiv 7 0111
fl efl paypévwv 015xi. 11611 11177 01 , 87 1 76111 0811677007 0111
611611 11 117 0 76111 0157 06, 65 7 1 776pi. 7'
6yp0¢61v 7 0157 0111
3 . 61x60 (0 from 2 . 5. 2 , L, B ; vu lg . 6. 7 062 , F, Y,
A 1 ; 7 7111 om . L, vu lg .
Q 7 0. 4 . 60117015 0, V6. 7 n pa¢ev 2 ; 7 67m m L , vu lg . ; 7’67 p0¢611
Dro ysen 67 671101111 1 Devarius, Dind.
3 7 6. 6. 67 10701 1111 see no te on recent case in which Dem osth . had op
5 po sed him , witho ut alluding to so m e
5 7 0. 3 . 87 1 7 1111 067 00: th is im disgracefu l act o f his own .
plies that Philip could no t speak of any 4 . d 1’
179041611 : this ab so lute ly
58 AHMOZGENOYZ
5 eixdpnv 6701 110i. 7 067 019 15110117 10611 7711 . 11ai. 7711057 011 11611
79711 659 H6h07701111170011 7711607365011 6711101110, 67 6 77p017 011 611651109I I V C I 8
619 H6h07701111170'
011 770p68v67 0, 657 0 7 7111 619 BuBo 1011 , 1711111
E6fio5a9 77777 67 0, 657 0 677’ ’
Q p6811 6608011 , 0151167 1 771160365011 ,1102 7 9111 659
’
Ep6’
7 p1011 , 6776181) 7 vpa'
.11110v9 611651109 611 7 0157 019
807 059 7705160 1 110760 7 710611 . 1116707 0157 0 867 0159 0770076510119Q I
a, I 8 I
00770117 09 077607 6010, 110 o u9 X 6pp011170'
09 6001 7) 1101 7 0
Q ABv§0117 1011 1102 77 15117 69 o i. 061.111.0x01 . 65 0111 70I «V I I I
110501 10 7 0, 677011101 , 80601 , 07 64101101 , x0p17 69 7rapaA A A A
5 7 0111 615 77677011067 0111 15m o 11°
7 0111 8’
6.81110v116'
110111 11611
7 07 6 776100610 111 1) 0017 17p50 0611167 61167 0. 7 019 3 08W“!
[115000 1 7 8 770Mt1511 19 0111 77p0657707 6 11611 11 710001. 110i.
11011 126111 W109 11 7) 11 011011 615110119 60117 019 1101 0111011500119G
0110p05770v9 1102 1109 7 619 6T1101 °
7 841 61136a 611 0
8. 011616A !
5 3 0. t . 1167 0. 667 05170 As 116707 0157 0 862 vu lgA 1 . 7 8 v . 2 , L , A 7 (cf. § 7 8 om . vu lg .
5 . M pxov 2 . L , A 1 ; 67 17 110117 0 L (o ver brfipxov), vu lg .
8 . 60117019 2 (line thro ugh L, A 1 . 1 ; 0157 011 B, vulg .
certain b ut long neglected co rrectio n o f
Dro ysen hardly an em endatio n ,is now generally adopted fo r the im
po ssib le 11t 07 767110416 o f theMSS . Others read67 67p0¢61 see G . H .
Schaefer’
s no te (Appar. Crit. et5 . clxdpqv, du ng to . fol/071110 up
6. dc Hahn -61111710011 : pro b ab ly theem bassy o f 344 , o n which Dem o sth . m ade
the speech to the Messenians andArgiveswhich he quotes in the Seco nd Philippic,00—05 . This agrees better with 67 6
77111217 01 170116131567 0 than the later em bassym entioned in the Third Philippic 72 .
See Iso c. v . 74 , and H ist. 5 1 , 51 .
7 7701118667 11, read ing 11is way ,
stealing cf. 7 0116811, 1111 11 . 48.—7 1iv
«ls E6901” (se . 771160065011) this wassent in 343
—34 1 D. C.
,when Philip was
estab lishing the tyrann ies at Eretria and
Oreus (58. 7811 67
"
these
are the two m ilitary expeditio ns to Eu
b o ea in 34 1 B.C., by which the two
tyrannies in Orcus and Eretria were
suppressed, the tyrants Philistides and
Clitarchus were killed, and the who leislandwas left free from Philip’s influence .
See H ist. 64 .
go o . 1 . 1m m : the o rato rs use
dr ba-roko s, properly a m essenger (N . Test.
apostle), fo r a navalarm am ent : cf. 067 6
raval111107 1500: 6X0” 11711 7707 6 17 7 67101, 007 6
1 63i) V I . 36.
1 . éfl m M : properly used withdt oo'
réhovr, 1 ren t out (b y m y decrees) :
cf rp wfiew Em u/m . §79°—X ¢1>6mm
fi m xo n see 87—89, 1 40, 1 4 1 .
4 . the decrees con
ferring these grateful rewards o n Athens
were read after5 89.
6. 7 0121 8’
dkwo pcim u this re fers
to the Pelopo nnesians who neglected theadvice o f Dem osthenes in 344 D.C. (gand later (1x. 1 7, and to the earlyrefusal o f Oreus and Eretria to listen to
Athens (ix . 57»66.
HEP! TOY ZTEtbANOY 59
I Qa
I 8 ”
877p0617707 6. 1101 711711 07 1 770M 0 0611 11 xpm107 6 01116
<I> 1h10 7 58779 0707’
6x6111 11716811 , 77o 86 KX657 0pXO9 130 7’
v I C I V A6x6111 Ep67p1011 , 770M10 8 017709 0 <I>1lt1777709 010 7 6 7 0110
’
C I 8 Q A C fl A V I
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0158629 67 11062, 110i. 7715117 0111 1711 10 7 0 0 15 o i. ydp 7 013
Kh617 ofpx0v 110i. 7 013 <I> 1h107 580v 77p60Be19 8613p’
641111 11015
“9 01 770718. 005 11076hvo 11 , Ai0x51117, 1103. 7771066611619 0137611»6 C I C 3 I 1” I0119 1) 1119 6x0p0v9 1101 0117 6 81 11010 0117 6 0v71¢6p0117 0X67 0V7 09 dm fh00611 , 0058
'
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1) 5I 1
8\ 9
An 1 A e 6 a
7 0117 0111 ov 611 , 01 fl 004117110111 776p1 ep o u 1101 X67 0n1 019 0 1017701
hafidw 3061 8'
dhh’
d 30139 711611IV I I f I I6x0111 , 770v061 86 0v867707 6011 06 0117 01 770v0010 111 07 171 01
10. spectr a" 2 , L1; 17710617 07 6 0137 071 L
2,vu lg.
01 . 1 . 11 um . A 1 . 1 . 1317101011 (6 o ver 01) 2 (cf. 55) 4 . 0117 1711
2 ; 061741~L, vulg . ; 01
5
7 13 Bk . 6h6‘yx617001 A 1 , Y .
s 02 . 1 . A 1 . 3 . Alexi" ) om . Y . 5 . drflhao‘
ev Z-06 L , vu lg . ; 1171 V6. 7.
1 015171; vu lg . ; 7701517 V6.
501 . 3 . 5m 7 060’
6009x1111 , Matl1e 111 1311“have ti me (the two towns under
the two tyrants) to depe nd on , i. e . as 617 1
7 61xia'
1107 0 67 1 rhy 1 7 7 1111511
4 . |1.7|88v M ao-001 (sc. sub j .
cf. the active constr. in Plat. Ap.
1 3 A , 511 ”that 6861167 501.
5 . fl m xofl , anywhere : cf. 1 0117 0111,
1 5’
6. 1 111 7 0111 11111177 0 17 15: a sudden o ut
b urst o f personality.02 . 1 . “111106110
101 1107‘X11011
the tem im ply that such envo ys o f thetyrants were regu lar guests o f Aeschines .
These v is its were pro bab ly connected
with the em bassy sent by Gal lias ofChalcis to Athens in 343
—34 1 B.C. to
nego tiate a treaty (Aesch. 111. whichalarm ed the tyrants . See H ist. 58, and
Schaefer 11 . 4 10, 4 1 1 .
3 . 1107011011, lodged(as we sayput up),lit. let down , o riginally u nharnessed cf.
0d. W . 1 8, 1107 011600110 1511601 17 7 0111 .
W e“00717111, you wereMeir 7 71651 1101
17 1) E : 17 11 7 6 L, vulg . 8.
07 111000117 61 01(0. co n . to 16, 7 p).
77011061 2 , L
this m ight b e m etapho rical ; b ut there isgo od reason fo r think ing that Aeschineswas the o fficial representative at Athens0f Oreus . if no t o f Eretria. See H ist.39, no te on Aesch. 11. 89, 7 po£611l01
1107 017 116110f61161101 .
5 . dr vihm v, rq'
eeted (i. e . the ir propo sais). Cf. 11 . 6, 1x . 66.
-01i
0158311 : i. e . nothing of the kind was ever
successf ulwit/1 m e, referring to 7 0m m11611
011 M para 6801116 in 5 81 .
6. 69 0101173 01107116001 : quo tedfrom m em ory from the speech of Aesch.
6’
011101 71031311 1760171111101,
1 1 01011101 86116117107 01 .
7 M s lxtw, yo u keep on slzoulz'
ng
cf. Ar. Nub . 509, 7 1 111117 7 113611 677011 ;
(M .T .
8 . “ h a u nt-0601110111, you will n ot
stop unless tlzese judges stop yam
0-01-7 11 , i.e . b y no t giving you a fifth o f
the ir vo tes, the resu lt o f which would hethe partial 07 11110 o f lo sing the right tob ring a s im ilar su it hereafter, with a fine
60 AHMOZOENOYZ
00117 69 TfipGPOV. 07 61801101005117 0111 7 05111111 151117111 67ri. 7 015I I I 3
7 019 7 07 6, 1101 ”001110117 09 Ap10 7 011111011 7 09 0117 09 0vM 0309Q t A A I 1 I
00 776p 0117 00 1 Km 0 1¢0111 111111 yeyp0¢611 , 1101 0110pp1706117 09611 70? 06057 7101 7 013 0 7 6180511011 ,— 1101 861176p011 1117711534 107“
5 117817 1101 7 0157 011 y17 110716v0v ,— 067
’
0317 6377611 A50x511 179 770718111
7 811 65776117’
67 7011111107 0 1105 7101 h6y6 1101 7 0i37 0 7 8
11117181071 0 X030311 .
‘I’HQ IEMA .
84 ['
Evri X 01p0'
1118011'
H1y15/.101109 lipx0117 09, 70,11 17M é
‘
11109 611 7 7) 1577 1611
7 09,4101039 77p117 011600150119 A60117 5809 ,'
A71 10761111109 <I>p615pp109 6577611 ,
6776181) Anp o00611 179 Amm ade'
vow 11010111689 770717109 1105 7161715710 9
9016509 770p6'
0x777 01 701“
8157101 703'
A01)11050111 x01 wokk o'
is‘ 7 6111
5 0 111111 15w xai 17p67 6p011, 110i. 611 703 770p0'
117 1 11011103 3 630150117116 81ci
76111 111 771111071 157 0111, 1105 7 11109 76111 611 7 7}113613015011767160111
xai8107 6X6261’
5110119 0311 7 188157101 7 18’
A07)11050111, 11017161761 1101 7711157 7 61
3 7 1 81511777 01 151700811 i'
171'
s'
p 7 6 0157 12311’
AO1711050111 1105 7 0311 65701 0111'
EXX1§110111, 8686x001 1105 701“
8171101 703’
A01711050111 6770110 116001 An110006111711 q o006110119 [101011160 1102. 07 6¢d fl t30¢ 6W 093
9 1 1111 11101 " 111 7618111111 0.
8 8 . 3. 767M 6 11911 A 1 . 4 . 7 676417 011 (fo r 86117671011) Spengel. 5 . 7 6110
7167 011 Ar. 811627 1 11 2 1 (7 ab o ve the line) 6. 7 811 0117 °
617 0117 0. 2 ; 67 7 61
7 8117 0 L, F (7p), 11 (7p) ; 7 6117 0 A 1 . 1101 (bef. 7 0177 0) 0111 . A t, B . 7 0177 0
co rr. for 7 0117 011 2 .
o f 1000drachm as. This was actually theresu lt o f this trial .
the two decrees were essentially identicalin fo rm . In 1 1 3 he says of a laterdecree , 087 111 17 11717111381 1101 7 1187 8
8751107 0 6x61. Even this does no t includesuch details as dates, nam es, etc.
4 . iv 761 OdTPQ : this anticipates theargum ent on the place of proclam atio n(5 1 10, and gives a precedent fo r
Ctesipho n’s proposal.
ywvoplvov : 7 067 00 is here am b iguo us,and West. and R1. think it is co rrupt.
If we refer the words to Ctesiphon’sdecree (with Blass, who om itsassum ing that the crown proposed b yDem o m eles and Hyperides in 338 was
never proclaim ed on accounto f the battleof Chaeronea, we canno t explain 7 8 170A
M 1111 07 60101610001 in 5 We
m usttherefore refer 7 007 011 to the proposalo f Aristonicus, and understand the clause86117611011 . 4 11 1101167 011 to m ean that one
crown had b een given to Dem o sth . in
the theatre before that o f Aristo nicus.
7 17 1100611011 is im perfect, and we m ight
have had 86117 6907 nipwpa 1111, 1101 7 067 0
67 57 767 0, the im perf. im plying that he
was then receiving the distinction fo r thesecond tim e . In the Lives o f the Ten
Orato rs (Dem osth . , end) Aristonicus issaid to have been the first to propose to
crown the orator: b ut the writer m ayhave interpreted 7 0117 011 in our passage
wro ngly. N0 so lutio n o f the difficulty isperfectly satisfacto ry : Spengelproposesto em end 86117611011 to 7 67 6417 011 (i.e .
510091811, th ug/1 present.
TlEPlTOY ZTE¢ANOY 61
0 7 641151101, xal. 11'
1101yop68001 7 811 07611111 11011 611 70? 06157 7101 A10111105019 ,7 7107018029 1101 11029, 7 69 868110701168060” 7 08 07 61111511011 67 106719068017 811 77p17 7011611
'
0110011 1111171811 7 811 87 0180067 1711 . 6577611’
Ap107 81111109
8 (bpeéppwsfl”
E0 7 18 807 19 871 1311 0886 7 1110 050x1511'
q11 7 5 8 5
0 8 11380011 818. 7 087 0 7 8 11717181071 0 ”16110071811 13 71671017 0,
0°
11 1711 087 09 611177 0 110317060901 67181 07 61801164101 ; 110i.
119711 87 011161160 1102 7 1103711710 7 8. 71110311107 0, 60511 7 6
1108139 6x77, xdp17 09 7 vyxdve1 , 60511 0’
819 676p019, 7 1710171509 . 5
18051107101 7 0511 1111 67 81 xofp17 09 7 67 190711819 7 87 6, 1103. 08 716711416111908867 1710171509 .
08110811 716x711 11611 7 6111 xp8110111 61165110111 611 059 7 087’
86
77 15117’
88000887 17001 7 8. 03010 7 0 77p11'
.7 76111 7 77
701 11111011 87 6301816156006 h6y0111 110i. ypd¢0111 , 1107 077p0
5 8 6. r. 7 1? 7 6k61 01111360011 2 , L , A 1 , Y ; 011113 7 3 7 8h . B, vulg .
do 2 , LL, ;V6 6811 vu lg . 6. 7 87 6 (co rr. fo r ?) 2 .
5 8 0. 1 . 7 11117 01 81 1011071. 7 081 xp8110111 2 (7p), L, vulg.
'
7 081 p raus
7 dr7’
(fo r 7 0117 01) West. Lips . 7 8117 101 Do b r. Viirn . 7 p1i7'
7 6111 1101 Nyem
3 . i d.
2 1b (7 1)
67 011 7 81 7 010117 011 drOpm ov 17 7 641011017 6;0811 611 1
702'
s 7 617'
EM 171 117 865011
0115157 7 60001
5. 61 8789111, otlzerwise, in Me 00161
m y (Oppo sed to used to avo id11011131 . This is the adverb of 7 8 87 67101 ,as 1110087 011 (181 007 011) of 7 8 0876, and 181
01770031 of 7 8 87171061 . We find also 1211
67 671011 , Aeschyl. Bum . 534, 181 67 117811011 ,
Soph . El. 1451 ; and 1311 7 0pa7 7t1705011 ,
Hdt. V" . This is the explanatio no f Fox, Kranzrede , pp. 198, 1 99, inwhich West. and Bl. concur. See 111111.
1 1 , 8 0117 6710, 1110 71118611 eft a1
¢M §pov, which shows the euphem isticcharacter of 1311 676mm here .
5 s o . 1 . Mat 1
did everything Mat was best. It is ditfi
cult to cho ose even the m o st pro bab lereading here . Bo th 7 0117 01 (2) and
7 081 ” 8110111 are ob jectionab le ,
and we seem com pel led to decide b etween the conjectures 7 0117
'
and 170117 011 .We have 7 017 011 in 5 1 56
1, acc.
to Preuss (Index) the only case o f 7 01 7 011in Dem osth. This wou ld co nnect 7 15511111611 etc. m ore closely with 011m7 41101 ; b ut 7 8. dp107 0 m akes a
m ost natural ob ject to ” air ma n—7 7167
7 6111 is im perfect (for On the
contrary, 1111168 , 1107 07 p0x0i‘
77 01 , and 7 6
1160001 are distinguished o nly l ike ordinarypresent and aorist infinitives (M .T . 87,
This is always the case with these
tenses of the infinitive with the article ,except in occasional exam ples of oratioobliq ue: (M .T. Madvig
's ru le (Synt.
5 1 71 that the aor. infin . with b o ththe article and a sub ject is always pastexcept in purpose clauses , canno t b e
m aintained. It fails in 5 7 518 7 08
7 081 411011601 117 07160001, and in Thuc. V1 ] .
68“1° (7 8 117 67106111 and 7 8 x0A00081101).7 67 01170001 (6) is the regu lar perfect(M .T .
101 ,
62 AHMOZGENOYZ
fl I f 2 A A I
x0‘
m101 7 0 7 110186117 0 1101 0 7 6180110119 GE0117 0111 7 5 170861 1101
5 6’
110i 11ai. 7161160001, 7 150110509 7 029 06039 11ai. 17p0068o v9
1219 dyadéiv 7 0157 01 11 8117 11111 776170150001 .’
E176181‘
) 759 E15B01'
09 8 1541’
15116111
— 7 o 19 11611 8178019, 7 5 86 770817 610 1101 7 01911111181
01100 1 , 810111107100 1 7 11169 7 cu7 cur1 , v 7 e
’
11au ,— 67 6p011
1107 0 7 59 17086019 617 17 61x1011811 6§n7 61 . 8111011 8 87 1 0 17 19I I I I 3 f f
5 170117 0111 011011017 0111 178610 7 111 xp011160 6176100117 111, Bovlto11 61109759 0 17 017011 7 509 111511109 7 61160001, 17011611081 11 617i 9 11031719
BvC0117 5009, 0 1111110'
.x0v9 8117 09 087 13, 7 8 11611 17111717 011 13165011
5. 7 001» 2 , L', A 1 ; 7 00111 811211 vu lg.
80111 A 1 . 6. 181 um . L‘.
5 8 7 . 1 .
7 11 60001 A 1 . 7 021 06021 after 7 11006
1111107 (007 7 . fo r 8111311, Vo m .) 6571t 11 7 011 11611 87 71011
added later o ver 817 71011) 2 7101311 do tted for erasure); 00’811 1311 689k . 7 011
61711011 L , sam e w. 1'
1¢
2 , L, Y , F, 41 , A 1 . 1 ; 017 07 011 7 6101 vulg .
vulg . 0117 1111 2,087 1}B11 .
4 . 7d ypadfivra z d 87 1101110 ; see no te
o n 5 — 110l11101 1101 1760 111 repeats theidea o f 7 5 7 67161 .
5. 171100680111 , processions : cf. 55 8 9 . 1 . 7 031 11811 87 lo ve, 1 1111011 , by
arm s , added, as if b y aftertho ught, tolim it 1111 1311, as 7 0X17 6£0and 1111111100001lim it The interruption is col
loquialanddesignedly spo ntaneo us . Seeno te o n 5 8
'
01801111311 1161111.
3 . 116V 8101111011301 : see § 1 17 .
4 . 67 17 11x10118v, i. e . Byzantium , as a
po int from which to threaten Athens
see no te o n —0(7 Q 87 1 106117 111 : the
sam e words are found in xx. 3 1 , where
i t is said that the grain from the Euxinewas ab o ut half o f the who le am o unt im
po rted by Athens . See Sandys’
s no tes
o n xx. 3 1—33 . The thin so il o f Attica
(7 8 716177 87 61011, Thuc. 1. 1 ) co u ld no t
supply grain eno ugh fo r the populatio n,even in the best seasons , and the fru itfu lsho res o f the Euxine were the m o st im
po rtant so urces o f supply . Hence itwo uld have b een fatalto Athens to have
the He llespo nt and the Bo spo rus in
ho sti le hands (cf. 1 4 1 , Boeckh
estim ates the grain annually co nsum ed
8116111 A 1 , in b o th 8111» added after 87 71011 ; 841’
811 17111
1167 651171. 7 . 87 8 . Y ; 65118. 7 011 11611 81rk 1'
1¢’8111131
1 A t , B, vu lg . 6.
7 . 697 01 0111111 . V6. 01576L,
in Attica at ab o ut 11681111101
b ushe ls), o f which o nly11681111 01 cou ld b e raised at
hom e . See Staatsh . d. Ath . Boo k 1. Ch .
1 5 . Strab o (p. 3 1 1 ) says that in theTauric Cherso nese (the Crim ea) the seedproduced thirty- fo ld. See Hdt. vu . 1 47fo r the characteristic sto ry o f X erxes
co m placently viewing the ships loadedwith grain sailing b y Ab ydo s to Aeg inaand Pe lopo nnesus to supply 81
'
s arm y .
6. 7 0111801811 87 ) 611811111 : this pro bab ly refers to the advance o f Philip tothe siege o f Perinthus in 340, when hepro tected his fleet in its passage thro ugh
the He l lespont b y m arching an arm ythro ugh the Cherso nese . The appeal toByzantium , as an ally, to help him in his
com ing war with Athens was perhaps
sent from Perinthus , which he b es iegedunsuccessfully b efore he attacked Byzan
tium . See H ist. 66, 67 . Threats o f
ho stilities against Byzantium b y Ph ilipare m entio ned a year earlier (see v111 . 66,1x . b ut the present passage m ust
refer to the tim e im m ediate ly b efore the
warwith Athens .
7 . Bulav-riovs : with b o th 851011 and
64 AHMOZOENOYZ
xahip: 866m : éveyxeiv the 7 029 Kararbv Biov d¢00varr€~
s po c9 Kai. eimvore’
pow 8die 7 139 viiv eip‘
vivm , fiv o irro r.
Karam 9 1ra1'
pi809 m po vcrw o i. xpnaro i. e'1ri. ra t9 yehkova acs
e’
hm aw, o w 8tapafp1'
0tev, Kai perao'
xm ev aw lip o i Ta.
Be’
hn o'
ra Bo vhoyevo c. ro vs 060119 c ircu e , my p era8o'
iev tifit
awd uro c. wpov'
p'
qwat. he'
ye 8’
Kai ro v9 ‘réiv Bvlavrt
'
wvI A I I I
to o'
retpavov9 Kat row ro w.Hepwfltwv, o is ea re¢avo vv ex raw aw
I
m u fl'
OlttV.
5 . real156:cu . om . As . 8th " 2 , L , aim -
yer vulg . vm‘
ir vulg . ; innit Al .
6. M am a (at: o ver a ) E . 7 . m lparameter 2 , L ; m luhun do-xoa y vu
8. p i) M addie: 2 ; my“p arade?” L,vu wa r ILL (i) o ver v) ; imu r B, F
over 9, 10.-
rolls n owBut. 2 , L A t . a; rot}: ra'
ir Hep. sam e , with F,f air (in b o th) om . vulg .
4 . iv win saw you
supplied (carried you through) with all
the necessaries of life in greater abundance
5 . 7 133 m alpin e : rfir it !'
Ahe£dr
Gpov the peace o f Dem ades,underwhich Athens hadb een living sinceChaero nea.
—411! w ow-w the Mace
do nian party had b een strong eno ugh to
prevent Athens fro m openly helpingTheb es in her revolt in 335 B.C. , o r the
Pelopo nnesians under Agis in 330. See
Gro te xxx. 44 , 59 ; 380—383.
6. m l: cf. the sarcastic m art,
5-w, in (with a view
to ) their hopes of fu tu re gain : Arltowc
h an h06vra 76»’
Ahc£d.v8pov du b 1 6:
R epa ir (tin -
oi: xaplfeo flcu (in 1 1»
66111“
this reading o f 2 gives an entirely differentsense fro m that o f the co m m o n text, xal
pub ,ue‘
raaoirr. The
m ean ing is, May they failin these their
hopes and m ay they rather be allowed to
51mre with you patriot: iu the blessing:
for which you pray , that they m ay not
involveyou iu the calam itie: which would
resultfrom theirpolicy. It is im po ssible ,I think , to take m) “a cacia as a m ere
continuation of the wish o f pericxotev
the asyndeton would b e to o harsh . Mi)
m afi a m ust b e a finalclause , assim ilated to the optative m rdcxoco (M .T .
as in 00m 8rm 700m hwflptor,
Aeschyl. Bum . 297 , and 7 4m m b’
a!
v iivat 7 1min , So ph . Phil. 324 . Fo rn final optatives and to su bjunctivsafter wishing optatives (all po etic) seeM .T . I know no o ther case in
pro se ; but I know no o ther finalclause
(o f any k ind) depending o n a wishingo ptative in pro se , which is hardly strange .
But an optative in a co nditio n is as go odfo r our purpo se as o ne in awish ; andwehave in Plato Rep. 370 D, at fiovxéhwsrpoaOeipo v
, b a n q u et 5063, and Ken .
Cyr. 6, 2 2 , e! f elo n s tr ain ?) as 1 0h
Xobr, 81 m 665” W e“: see o ther casesin M .T. M1) introducing a pure
final clause is a gradually disappearingconstruction . In epic and lyric poetrythe pro po rtio n o f this to that o f the finalparticles with m) is 13 ! 50 ; in tragedyit is and in Attic pro se it is
alm ost wholly co nfined to Plato (24 ) andXenophon (m ). In the Attic o rato rs
there are only fo ur cases o f sim ple as),two o f which (no t co unting the present
one) are in Dem o sthenes : see xxx. 2 1 5,
m) n : up, and xxxvm . 26, mlin wh o .
See Web er, Ab sichtsfi tze , pp. 184 ,
24 5— 1 4 7. Those who are not satisfied
with p i; perubo‘
t‘
er in this sense m ust te
turn to my““credo?” as a wish .
9. Jv aah-01 rpofimvrtu , i.e . theirt poalpeats : riis Jovhelarh hovéflfl ow n-m om , i.e . the crowns vo tedby these towns and sent to Athens as
m arks o f honour.
TiEPI TOY ETE¢ANOY
‘I’HQ IZMA BTZANTIQ N .
[i
Ewi iepopvcipo vo e Boawopixw Aapaw7 09 iv 76ciliaglefeu, 90éx Bo las: M Bdiv pa7 pav, G
’
WGLS‘
I) d 8&yo 9 d’
A0ava£wv iv 7 6
7 029 wpweyevape'
vo cs xa cpo'
is‘ eévoéwv Scarehéec Bu§av7 io c9 xai 7 029a vypdxom lcai. am evéa c Hepweiow real wohhd‘: xai. ueyciha 9
xpec'
a 9 1rape'
0'
7m 7 ac, iv 7 6 7 93 1rapea7 a /co'
7 c xacpgo“<I>c7ti17 1rco 7 63 5
M axe86v09 é1n 0'
7 pa 7 etiaav7 09 e’
1rl 7 dv xa'
ipav xal 7 dv 1rd7tcv
civm éa ec v avfl fcov xa i Hepweicov teal. 7 civ xaipav 8a50v7 09 [cal
8sv8p0x0'rre
'
0v7 09, Wh olocs‘ e'
xa7 bv real. ei'
lco cn xai xai
Belem . xai 61rM'
7 a49 éEeDtero dye in 7 ¢3v p aycihwv xw86vm v xai
ci1roxa7 éa 7 a0'
e 7 dv 1ra'
7 pcov 1roh c7 eiav xa i PCS/1.0 ? lcai. 10
7 é¢m 9, 8686x9a t 7 93 Saucy 7d“
i v aw iwv xa i [leper/Giant,’
A9avcu’
0t9
86pm : é'n'
uyap iav, vroh cret'
av, é
'vy/craaw xa i o i/cu
'
iv, 1rpo e8pia v e'
v
7 029 civya'
io '
t, 17600801) 1707 2. Bwhdv rcai 7 6V 8&p0v 1rpci7 0c9 a nd
7 d iepei, rca i 7 029 xa 7 0cxe’
ew e’
0e’
7t0v0'
c mi
lw ahe t7 ovpvy1i7 0t9
rip en; 1ra0'
c'
iv h ewovp'yu
'
iv '
07 607 “St [caleixéva9 7 pe'
i9 éxxac8e 5
xawaxewiv 7 9? Bow opeiqi , m e¢avoriyev0v 7 dv Say av 7 dv’
A0avaiwv
13176 7 03 7 03 BvL’
aw iwv xal 1167)c i dwom eiha t Se lca i
Gewpiae £9 Ev 7 eji'
Eh.h.ci8c wavayvpta s,'
10'9p ca realNépea xal’
O 7ui;c1n a realHéoca ,rea i dvarcapfifac 7 cb9 a 7 e¢civco 9 019 e
’
0'
7 etpcivw“ra t 68aum d
'
AGavai
wv inf fipw’
v, 317009 éwcare'
wlwa t 05"
E7t7ta ve9 ro
7 civ 7 e'
A0a.va t'
wv cipe7 civ lca i 7 d!»BuCavn'
wv xai Hepwfliwv et’
fxa
pun iam ]
I A Q I IAcye Kat. 7 ous 1rapa. 7 0W cv X eppo m yo
'
qn m edial/o us .
‘I’HQ IXMA X EPPONHEITQ N.
[X eppom ym ra'
iv o i xa 7 0m 0iiv7 e9 21707 611, Md8v7 0v,
m ecpa vo iia cv’
A017vaiwv 7 i7v Bovhbv xai 7 2m
8fiuo v xpvaqo"
07 6¢civrp ci1rd7 a7ta'
V7 wv e'
frilco v7 a ,Icai xdpt
‘roe fiamdv 5
i8pv'
0v7 ac xa i. 86p m ;’
A917vaiwv, are 1rdv7 wv p eyio'
m v cityaOéSv
1rapa t'
7 t09 vyé'yove X eppom a i7 a t9 , éfehép evo s
'
e’
x (Delia-
1701; xai
617080159 1ra7 pt'
8a 9, 7 089 v6p0v9, 7 viv éhevOe'
pt'
a v, 7 d [ec zeal
iv p en i 7 a ii7 a aia'
im 1m v7 i o inc e’
hhei‘ulrec edxapwm'
iv ital1ro u3v01 A I ‘i I A
‘D I A A
0 7 0 av 8vv177 a t a f
yaeov. 7 av7 a e¢n¢wav7 o eu 7 90 xo cvcp Bo v to
I
hew nptqij
502 . r. 0m . 0.
G. D.
66 AHMOZOENOYZ
Oinco iiv advo v 7 8 X eppdvno'
o v Kai BvCafw oo v m o o-
a t ,
7 8 xwhiio '
a t 7 811 13178 (Datin g) yeve'
a fla c
ré7 e, 0158? 7 8 rtpaa flat rip! m ihw e’
x 7 0157 01v 1) apo aipea ts i)3 C I Ispur) no t 17 1roht7 eta 8te1rpafa 7 o , o
’
AXa Kai. 1700 11) 685 1561!
5 dvflpa’
mow 7 1612 7 6 7 139 adhere s“ Kahoxwyafliav Ka t. " I"<I> thi1r1ro v
xaxiav. 6pub: yap a'fimtaxo 9 o
i
v 7 029 BvCaw fm s a ohtopxwvA 11
e'
wpa7 0 15178 advrwv , 013 7 1'
ye'
vo u’
a taxto v i)I C A C I I 3
94 p uapofl epo v vptet9 8 01. Kat. p ep tpap evm a ohha Ka t 8m m
1 ‘ A
e’
xeivo u; eix67 w9 1repi. aw fiv p omy'
xea av ei9 lipid s c’
v
7 039 {papo a flev xpdvo cs‘
, ptdvo v “m a txaxo vwa 01586I I I I
apo oeptevm 7 0v9 a8uc0vptev0v9 ahha Ka t awlowa etpatvea fle,5 if div 8dfav, eiivo cav 11
'
a wdwwv 3x7 80'06.
ptév a ohho i) ? 30 7 £¢avoixa13
0
Ka t pmv 07 1
I 9
1981) 7 u m a ohtrevopevwv u 1ru p 7 es
fo am s o'
vrwa. 8’
ikho v 15176M9 éa 7 e¢d 7 au afipfio vho vhéyw Kai fi
'
q'
m pa , 1rh7)v e’
pté, 0158’
hp 559 ein eiv 3x01 .
5 ‘ 4 5. (Gaffer d p. E, L, dvap. 6864’
s vulg .
2 L‘ A2 . B (1 p) :M 1 6 2 (W). L’ vulg
6. ptév yapafluptaxos «Br 2 , L
1, A” ; t tr r o xal
o ver avupaxos L’
¢lhos xalav’
mcaxo s div 2 (7 p), vulg . ; 4100: «Br xal atim m xos
A 1 . 7 .
04 . 5.
m l(fo r 11)A2 , V6.
uév vulg .
o ver line 2 . 8 . héyw o m . Y ‘.
508 . 1 . 011110911 introduces the co n
elusion to which the decrees po int.a. 01583 (se . ,ubvov): cf. o 1
’
18t‘, Q a‘
.
3 . 11wpoa ea'
ts not 1) wohtreia : cf.
3 1 72. In 191
° we have 7 9»
rpoalpeatv 7 179 t ohtrelas in nearly the
sam e sense .
6. cn'
oppaxos 8311 : cf. 877
.
s04 . 1 . ol. pepuuiwvo t tutu
paaae —«M ital Sinat'
k etvo ts :
cf. Ar. Plut. 8, Aofla ii i/day Gtxalav
MM oyat 7a .
2 . i v riyvq towixm v els ivy-as : cf.
01: e t’
rrvxfixeaav , 185 . This refers to
the co nduct o f Byzantium in the Socialwar: see no te on 87
7, and H ist. a,
63 .
3 . pv'
qm axoilvres : rem em bering old
m ake: (m alicio usly) : cf. 5 994 . See idp
868» eflvotav vulg . Lips ., Bl
edvocav only 11, Bk . ; edvowv rtpfiv A t .
r ohcrevouévwv 2 , L,B, vulg . ; rer ohtrevpévm F .
(with co m m a)Vom . West. xal
r ohho bs 2 , L , A 1 r ohh .
fir m er add.
m atxaxfiaew in the oath o f o blivionafter the resto ratio n in 403 B.C. , X en .
Hell. ll. 4 , 43 .
5 . divo uw z the asyndeto n is
m ore em phatic than 66511 : m l carom
see 96“5
, and xxx. 190 and 1 10.
(See West. )6. 7 6V wokwwcipevo v , you r pu blic
m en : the o ther reading 7 Gw r et oktrev
ntau r m ight be neut. pass. (as inand causal.
7. Phocion as
generalwas pro bably one o f the exceptio ns here im plied (West. ) see xxu . 72 ,fo r the inscription o n a crown at Athens ,Etifloe
'
is ihevOep éw es éa‘
repd anr 7 8v
afipov, which Blass refers to the fam o us
expeditio n to Eub o ea under Tim o theu s
in 357 B.C. See 5
NEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY 67
9 AIva 7 01fvvv Kai. Bhao '
cpnptiu na7d. 7 0W Eizfio e'
wv 9 5
real 76m BvCaw icov e’
n o crfo '
am , cf 7 1. 8v0'
xepé9 01137 039 3176'
1rpa1c7 0 1tph9 15p89 in op tpvfio'
xwv, a vno cpavfl fa93
8I I A fl A C I
617 1 £ 160» pmp o vo v 7 9) (116118619 elvat (7 o uro yap v1rapxetve A
ise e A 9 A s I 3 1
vpa 9 G 07 119 flyo vpat), ahha Ka t 701, a . 7 a pah10'
7 no'
av 5
01 170689, 0177 019 039 éydi ne'
xpnpa t 7 029 apcf'
ypao'
c a vmpe'
petv
Xmia aa flaa ev n 8v0 flo vhopa t 7 0m nae,
vpa9 1re1rpaype'
vm v
Kahéiv 7 13 a ohet
n
81€§eh0a m Kai 7 dv7 c’
v Bpaxe'
a t'
Kai yapV8
3S I I A I A Cav pa 1 19. Ka t 1rolttv now” 1rp09 7 a Kahlua-
7 a 7 m v wrap
xdwwv dei 8ci 1retp80'0a t 7d. ho ard. 1rpa
'
.7 7 etv . 1511 529 ro ivvv, 968 1 I A I 9 I
a v8pe9 Aflnva to t, Aane8a 1p0vm v 7 179 Ka t. 0aha7 7'
q9 apxo vrwv
6. avppépe1.
V6.
M 1 8 t ap. vulg .
Q00. a.
5506—101 . H istoricalparallels are
cited to show that the considerate treatm ent o f Eub o ea and Byzantium was in
accordance with the traditionalpolicy o fAthens.
06. 1 . 769 W e refers to
the long tirade o fAeschines (111 . 85—93)against the proceedings in Eub o ea in
34 1—340. There is no thing in the speech
o f Aesch . , as it now stands, relating to
the help sent to Byzantium .
M 0989, u npleasant, is a euphem
ism adapted to the changed state o f
feeling towards Eub o ea and Byzantiumsince 343 .
4 . in d-(mew tip that you
m ay be presum ed to hnaw : cf. 5 9 1 83 .
This is no t a m ere expanded swim (asif e ae were used), b ut we have the
fundam ental idea o f brdpxw added: see
no te o n 5 In line 9, 761' h apxévrwv
applies to the glories o f our ancestors as
m aterialstored up fo r us to em ulate .
5. like f tp (bevaei‘
s
th at, expresses m eans .—d . . .fiaav, .n
eran t (no t errent): cf. Fo r 7 8
mihurra see 5 a
7. M ano-Oat, dealwith, m anage.
fl iv of the event: of your tim e,beginning with the Corinthian war o f
67 8m 2 , L ; (3 p es vulg .
132847 011 (do tted for erasure) under in ov‘
pat 2 , sam e (11667 111 erased) L .
7 . xpiiaOa: A 1 , 0. 10. 1 e1p6a0a1 7 6. hoardE,L ; 7 8
395 D.C. This war was now 65 yearsold ; b ut there were pro b ably old m en in
the im m ense audience who distinctly rem em b ered itandwho wouldb e pleasedtohave it spoken o f as in their day . Still,he feels that these earlier events hardlyfallwithin his lim it o f xa0’ for he
says 7 137 767 0’
A01)valwv in 967, directly
after éfflhfle‘re etc'
AMap7 0v, and 01 imi
7 ep01 1 1161 01101, followed by ime'
is olrpea
fi1i7 ep01 , in
9. 511890. this b elo ngs(acc . to Bl. )to the class o f yvéim u discussed by Aristo tle , Rhet. 11. 1 1 , 1 5 : exam
8'
(7 7 1311111) etc Myovs 6015001” pie-
yé.
hnv, niav pe‘v 818 7 9111 ¢op7 uc6n rra 7 1311
dxpoarév'
xalpovat yep édv 7 19 110.06oN ‘
yu r h crfixy 7 137 80v is éxe’
ivot xa7 d
pépor awaits—411169 , with reference (orrm rd) to : cf. 7 6 rpés 7 1, Aristo tle ’scatego ry o f relation .
10. 7d hoard (cf. 5 opposed to
7 137 irr apxbv‘rwv.
see . a.
after the Peloponnesian War, Lysanderestablished in m ost o f the conquered
towns, and even in som e which wereprevio usly friendly to Sparta, a Spartango vernor with a m ilitary fo rce
and a b oard o f ten citizens o f
68 AHMOI OENOYZ
Ka i 7 8. le15w 7 179 A7 7 ueq9 xa7 ex0v7 01v dppt00'
7 a09 Ka i.
¢po upa i9, EvBo sav, Tava'
ypav, 7 i)v Bowm av a1raa'
av, M e'
5 yapa , Avytvav , Ke'
wv, ahha9 10500119, o u vav9 o u 7 619077 779 adhem 9 767 6 m a ape
’
vn9, e’
fi hflere eisc
Ahe'
apro v Kai
1ra'
htv a ohhaib ijpe'
pa ts 150 7 ep0v ei9 d tvflo v, 7EW 767 6
3 . (b e fore o m . A2 .
K\ ewvds, dhhas L, vulg .
5 . Kéwv , dhhas Do b ree ; Khew ds, an u s E ;00 vavr 015relxn vulg . . .067 e 6. m
aap tvm E‘, L, A 1 ; rem ain s 2’ (o ver xm aapém s), vulg .
the sub ject state (aexadapxla), who werepartizans o f Sparta. See Plutarch, Lysand. 1 3 : 110.7 0.v dé Maw: 1102
” that r oh relas, G'va pév dppoaripr éxdary
Aaxedambvtov xa7 éh1-t e, 86m 8’dpxon as
in 7 611 irr’
awxexpm'
nptévwv
r éhtv tracpetéiv t pd7 7 01v dualar
{v re 7 a'
is n oheplats xal 7 a'
is avptudxou'
‘
ye-
yevm dvats whheac, n apérhet axohalws.
See Gro te xx. 1 55 .
3. 76. ninth ) 1 139'
A1~rutiis : m ore
rheto rical than 7 6. 1repl n jv’A7 7 1x1
'
1v,
1161009 having the adverb ial sense o f
around. Sec IV . 45, elxopter rdvra 76a
7 67 011 olxei’
ov 11610101, and xxx. 1 55 , £1 0
peéovro wo o , they travelled rou nd.
4 . Eub o ea and
Megara had b een in the hands o f the
Spartans b efo re the end o f the Pe10po nnesian war. Tanagra was held by friendso f Sparta in 377 B.C. (X en . Hell. v . 4 ,
andwe see here thatitwas Spartan in 395.
Aegina, which Athens had settled withher own peo ple in 43 1 , after expellingthe native po pulation, was resto red to itsform er owners (so faras thiswas po ssible)by Lysander in 405, as he was on his
way to attack Athens (Thuc. 11 . 2 7 ; X en .
Hell. 11. a, Bo eo tia as a whole was
no m inally alliedwith Sparta ; b utTheb esand o ther towns b ecam e disgusted withSparta’s tyrann icalconduct so o n after the
end o f the war, and though Theb es hadb een the greatest enem y o f Athens whenthe peace was m ade, she harb o uredThrasyb ulus and his fellow exiles b efo re theyattacked the Thirty in 403 . This disafl
'
ectio n ended in the Boeo tian war in395, in which Athens aided Theb es (seeb elow) ; in the battle o f Haliartus the
allies gained a do ub tful v icto ry o ver
Sparta, which was m ade decisive b y thedeath o f Lysander on the field. (SeeGro te 1x . The invasio n o f Bo eo tiaby Lysander and his Spartan arm y justifies riyv Botwrlav draaav from the A the
nian po int o f view. It m ust no t b e
thought that old Spartan allies likeMegara were sub jected to Lysander’sharm o sts and garriso ns, no twithstandingPlutarch’s rem ark quo ted ab o ve .
5 . Kie v, w as wh en , i.e . Ceo sand the adjacent islands , Tenos , Andro s,Cythnus ,Melo s, etc. Melos is m entio nedas restored to its old inhab itants by Lysander (Plut. Lys. The em endatio nKit” , 7 89 m iaous for Khedwas,
i nas vhaovs (22) rem oves the difiicultycaused b y the m entio n (fo r no apparent
reaso n) o f Cleo nae , a town b etween
Co rinth and Argo s , under 76. 11v’
A7 -
ruri)s. If Cleo nae were nam ed, it
wo uld naturally precede Aegina and
follow Megara. Cf. Afytvav xalKéw xal”
Arapov , X en . Hell. v . 4 , 61 . v0.09 011’
767 . xn o-
aplvqs : Athens was re
qu ired b y Sparta to dem olish her Lo ngWallsandthewalls o fthe Piraeus,no ttho seo f the a
'
aru ; and she was allowed to keeptwelve war- ships : see X en . Hell. 11 . a, 10.
Here 7 67 e (no t xem pévns)m eans that she had no t yet acqu ired anyships o r walls b eyo ndwhatwere left herat the end o f the war. West. thinks that
b arm auvm (the strictly correct wo rd)was avo idedas suggestive o fprevious lo ss .
6. els'
AMap‘rov : see no te o n I. 4 .
7 . 01’s «N ate din-(pats : according to
the accepted chronology, the b attle o f
Haliartus was in the autum n o f 395 B. c. ,
i'
lEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY 69
Aflqvaiwv 171903 av e’
xdwwv ptvqa ucaxna'
at Ka i. Koptvflim s
Ka i. 7 0W 1repi. 7 8v Aexeheucbv adhepto v npaxee'
wwv '
0903 015K e’
n'
o io vv 7 057 0, 0138’
67 7059 . xai7 01. 767 e 9 7I I V C A I V I
aptdim epa , Ataq , 0110wrep evepyerwv e17010vv o u7 am v
8C I Q
8A J I
vv ewpwv . ahh o u ta 7 av7 a 17p01.ev7 0 7 0v9 xa7 a¢e1ryo v7 a 9e’
cb’
e'
av7 0159, (DOCinrép eb8o fia9 Kai. fideho v 7 029 8e1v029t
8 8I Q A A I I
av7 0v9 L o vat, op0019 Ka t. xahw9 Bo vhevoyevo s. 1repa9 prev 59 A
yap a17a0'
tv dv0p0'
117019 7 o u Bio u 00'
.va7 09, Kdv e’
v o im'
a xcpe e a A s v
av7 0v Kaeetpfa9 ri7m) 8cc. 8c 7 0v9 aya00v9 av8pa9A v A A
e’
yxetpetv ptév a17 a0'
tv dei. KGl tS, 7 1)v dyaflijv apoBahhoI 3
k1
8I
81 a e
0 8 8A e A s
pevo vs e 17 1. a , (pepetv av 0 £09 1. 01 yevvatw9 . 7 av7 98
8 . ix. fi xahei‘
v 11029 178. xalKap . V6. 9. Aexeheurbv L, A 1 , B, Etym . Magn .
p . 30, 1 (see Viim el) ; Aexehtxbv 2 (b ut Aexeheuroii in xxu .
§0'I . 1 7 67 6 om . A 1 . 3 . rpotev7 o 2 , L‘, A2 ; 1rp0e
'
iv7 o L3 , A 1 , B, O ;rpbeurro vulg . 4 . é¢
’abrobs B , O ; é1r
’
at’
n'
oiJs A 1 . 6. advaros E,L
,
A 1 . 2 , B, Y , O ; 6Ho n or vulg . 9. “pew 6’av 66Gebs 616022 ; ¢épetv 6
’
8 7 1am 6160? 2 (7 p), vulg . ; 6 Sto b . ; 6a. 61602 Schol. II. V . 233 ; is V6m . , later edd.
and that o f Corinth in the sum m ero f 394 ,in the year o f Eub ulides (see the inscription b elow). The Co rinthian war wasthe result o f a com b inatio n o f Athenians ,Co rinthians, Boeo tians , Eub o eans, Argives , and o thers against Sparta. In the
battle o f Co rinth, called “b “M M 11qin xx . 52 , the Spartans were v icto rio us .
See Gro te lx . 4 26—4 29. The b eautifulm o num ent, representing a yo ung warrio ron ho rseback , now standing near the
Dipylon gate o f Athens , was erected in
ho no ur o f Dexileo s , o ne o f the Athenianho rsem en slain in this battle . The inscriptio n is : Aet ews Avaavlov 00pfxtos. eye
vero £172Ta advbpov dpxovros, [dt éOave ir’
Ebfiovhibov by 767 r év7 e lfl éwv.
See C . I . Att. 11. 3, No s. 2084 and 1673 ;also in H icks , Gr. Inscr. , Nos . 69 and
68 . Nos . 65, 66 and 67 in H icks referto the relations o f Athens to the Bocotian and Co rinthian wars .
8. 170k): i v lxbm v (t bkh av etxov),i.e . they m ight have done so , potu issent.
M . T . 2 1 4 .
9. Aa chetxo‘
v 176kqsov , a nam e o ften
given to the last years of the Pelopon
nesian war (4 13—404 D.C.) when the
Spartans held the fo rtress o f Decelea in
Attica.
10. 068’
£7769 : cf. 1 27.
07 . 5. “pas plv m zf qpfi thiswas celeb rated as a gnom ic saying in
vario us fo rm s : see Dindo rf'
s note . In
Lucian, Dem . Eucom . 5 , it is com pared
with 11. x11 . 32 2—328 ; and the followingwo rds
, with xl1 . 243, 019
clam )s dptaros. Dissen quo tes Propert.
xv . 18, 25. The m eaning is no t
the flat truism ,
“death is the e nd o f all
m en’s lives, ” b ut all m en
’
s lives have
0 ed lim it in death , and this is m ade
a ground for devo ting o ur lives to no b le
ends, forwhich it is wo rthy to die .
6. iv 0111011 111, in a cham ber : dvrl
7 01? 1.t.ra 7 m . 011115114 7 1, Harpocration,who refers to an erroneo us attem pt o f
Didym us to explain olxtamp here by a
com ic use o f the word fo r6pv1007 p0¢eiov,bird- cage, or dovecote. The sam e erro r
appears in the Scholia to Dem o sthenes .
8 . n poflahhoplvovs Den protectingthem selves by hope (holding it before them ,
like a shield). Dissen quo tes Menander,frag . 572 (Ro ck) ; 7 1 Gator,dyadhv éhr iba rpbflahhe aavrq
'
i, 7 0137 0
70 AHMOZOENOYZ
£170v o i vye'
repo c 17120701101, 7 av0’
01. wpeafivrepm ,
AaxeSaqLom ovs ou duhovs owas o us evepye'ras, N a
rro hha 7 1711 fl ohcv fipm v flacm xoras Kat. peyafha , 15176187 ;A I 2 I 2 a 2 - I
85 9 03m m xpam a aw es ev Aevm po cs avehew errexapo vv, L6
xwh60a7 e, 42037106117 69 7 711! 767 15 Gqfiafm s 61511-
1711 Kai 25 9
Séfav {m afpxova am 068’
02a 17 51701191<67wv dvflpairm v
00 KLVSUV€60 €T€ Staho 'yw’dpevo v Kaiyap 7 01. 7 039
f I C C A 3 e A£860.fare ex 7 0117 1011 07 1, xb y 619 vpas efapapm ,
I 2 2 v 2 v 2 \ 2 c I 0
7 0117 11111 7 1711 opymz 7 ahh oxen , eav 8 vrrep am pcas 7)
e’
keveepias 1031801169 7 19 a i’
17 ai‘
1s xa7 akapfidvn, 0676 [LVQO’
LKG
5 1115067 6 060’
bfl ohoyteio'fle. Kai 01311 e
’
rri 7 06m m ybucu 067 1119
500. 2 . bpérepoc 2 , L ,“vulg . ; ph epocAr (13o ver v)V6. 760
'
(fo r7 a00
'
) A2 . bun s 2° 2 6pl, L, A : bpw A I
'
may V6.
00. 2 . 67 : om . V6. 7 1: om . Al. 3 . 7 067 11111 2 ; 7 01’rr1p (7 p), L
vulg . 2 , L ; do vulg. 4 . éhevfleplar 17 dum ping Ar. 5 . 11611011
vulg. ; L, Al. 2 , Dll'
ld Bl.
7 1'
ymbo xwr 67 1 7 6711147 81m“: 11010150: ai1kkapfidra . Cf. 7 15 t popélkeoOat, 5
00. 2 . wpbyovo t : see no te o n 5 957
.
cf. t ap’
15141311 7 1139 t pco’
fivrépwv,xx. 52 .
3 . Aardarpovlom , o bj. of do eke‘
c‘
v,
bu xwkbo are having 9 1731110113, o rperhaps sim ply 7 67 1167 1111 , understo od as its
ob ject. From the positio n o f Aux. we
should expect it to b elong to the leadingverb .
5 . npafl io'
avres iv Anim us : the
Leuctricinsolence ofThebes(Diod.xvr.
which m ade her rather than Spartathe naturalenem y o f Athens fro m 37 ! to
339 B. C. , was notorio us . See 18“and
In 370, a year after Leuctra, Epam inondas with a Theban arm y invadedLacon ia and m arched up to the cityo f Sparta itself ; b ut he did no t venture
to enter the unwalled city andwithdrewinto Arcadia . At this tim e he establishedthe new cities o f Messene and Megalo
polis, to hold Sparta in check . In thistrying em ergency, Sparta hum iliated herself so far as to ask help from her old
enem y, Athens . Herrequestwas granted,
and Iphicrates was sent into Peloponnesus to the aid o f Sparta withAthen ians in the spring o f 369 B.C. This
saved Sparta from another invasio n at
this tim e . See X en . Hell. V1 . 5, 33—52 ,
and Gro te x. 320—326. The alliance
then fo rm ed rem ained unb roken, tho ugh
som etim es strained, untilafter the battleo fMantinea in 362 B.C. , in which Athensfought o n the side o f Sparta. Nationsseldom go to war from the pure sense o f
justicewhich Dem o sthenes here attrib utesto Athens ; o f co urse fear o f the growingpower o f Theb es under Epam ino ndas,as well as politicalsagacity, had great
influence o n her policy towards Sparta .
5 00. 3. 7 01'
m w , for this , re ferringto 1lf 1m , as 6177 19 can always have a
pluralantecedent.
4 . pV'
qo-
txam im M aw :m
o utaxei'
r, though usually intransitive (cf.m ay have an accusative, as p »
o txan’
jo'
at Mulder, Ar. Nub . 999.
Thus b o th verb s m ay here have the sam e
o b ject, suggested b y67 10179 .
5 . 411-1 7 067 1” pbvov : cf. xv . 1 5 , 7 13T obin»? MW PM , and 1x. 57,
7 0157 01: In these cases pbvov m odifies the whole sentence as an adverb ,
where we sho uld expect the adjectivepbvwv or 116m: with the no un . W e are
o ften careless ab out the po sition o f only ;
as“he only went to Lo ndon once .
AHMOZOENOYZ
I I I I
vavpaxtas, 66080119 176Cac, (7 7 7007 6109 1101 1ra)\01. 7167 01111109
A 2 e A 2 A d 6 I 6 I A a v
1601 m m 6161771 1011 av7 0w, 09 017017 09 17 1roh1s 7 179 7 1011 althwv
101‘
Ehhvjvwv 6’
X61106p1fas Kai am pias 7 67 05177 01 . 617’
67 10
7 606wp17x121s~1611 7 000157 019 1102 7 010157 019 79711 176t 151767) 7 1011
a'
t s a vprbepéwwv 6’
06'
h0v0'
av 151767)2 A I A A w I v I
0117 779 7 p0170v 7 179 Bo vlms o ve ns 7 1. 611601011
5 i) 7 1:a vpflovhetio'
ew 015777 11016311 ; pm a m areiv vi) Aia 1rp09I I I A8
2 a
7 0119 Bovltopevo vs 00160001, 1601 117001600619 (177 6111 1. a s
5170117 0 7171017060690 . Kai. 7 59 015K 311106019,
7 1 7 17111 bfl apxéwwv 7 7511 191 61. 110).e X67 ? 711611011 1107 010705I6176x61fp170
"
6rsei 76 ye 6pyau 0616 617011717 00
7, 8 . 067 1311 2 , L ; 65660111 , W PC‘TC‘GS, 1101 vulg . ; 07 p07 1as
2 , V6. 8. 2 , L, A 1 , B , F ,<b ; 14 1137 vulg . dkhwr om . A 1 . 9. 6ifex
’
L’, B , vulg . Ekkflvw 69 611’ A ! Ekhrjvaw om . V6; 6116110 L (cf.
xxx.
§ 10L 2 . 7 600111117s L1 . 4 . 011,115o ?” F.
"
1167\X07 A 1 . 5 . atm
fio vhebew Al. [UNIO'
CKGKC‘V L, B“, V6; ” 0011101160617 2 , B‘, vulg . ; “9 170111065001H .Wolf. 6. i s b y 001 1 . E. 7 . 1171017060600 2 , L , A 1 . 2 , B , F,
tb ; 11710170.
70 o vu¢6pov7 0 vulg . rpom o bueba 01 . 8 . 71621107 V6. 01177567 617 A 1 .
9. énexelp'
qo’ 07 2 , ;L 67 6x61
'
p170'0 67 A2 , F B‘. <I> 1b om . A 1 , B’, vulg Plut.
7 67 6 (fo r 7 67 6) A 1 . 61 0115000? A I .
shows the distinction b etween 101 . 3 . when
60171101 and 67 1 .67 6607 6, the g iving up the question in a m anner concerned her
and (the fact) that you gave up, tho ughwe o ften have to translate b o th b y the
sam e or equivalent expressio ns : cf. the
distinction b etween 1511 7 6 0611 07 66676 and1507 6 111) 07 060171101 b1tar, which is o ften
very hard to express (see M .T . 582 ,
and has o ften been overlo oked—611 01261 1w (for 67 611617 011 represent
ing the active 1 107 66617 as
6611171106 represents 061116211 7 067 0 61161
cf. 185 and 193.
7 E6801) ; land expeditions
(after vavpaxlas) ; 07 907 403 , campargns .
8. rare genitive o f
purpo se or m o tive, generally found with6116110, which is added here in m o st MSS .
So xxx . 76, rfio'
1101 76x10)
11 116116001; 7 00 176701 <I>wx60s 6716070011, withsim ilar variety o f reading . (See G .
The infin itive with 7 017 is com m o n in thisco nstructio n, especially in Thucydides(M .T. an exam ple occurs in 107
9,
7 017 11016211 .
5 . 7 1) Ala , in b itter irony : cf. xx.
161 .
6. as wpoqo'dpda (excu ses) for
m ed/icing (final).8 . 611-apx67
-m v (cl’
. the glo ries(111014) are viewed as a pu blic po ssessio n .
9. lu xelm c’
57 : I follow this readingo f the b est MSS . with little hesitation ,
chiefly b ecause I canno t see how such a
change could creep into the b est 1188 .
b y co rruptio n , if the genu ine readingwere sim ply 61 it exelpmm , sf [ had u nder
tahm ,which wo uld b e perfectly clear.
There is no o b jectio n to 61 ét exelp-
no’
57 ,
as to e ither gram m ar o r sense . It is
am ply justified b y xxx. 1 72 , where there
are no vario us readings and no b odydo ub ts the text: 6! 1101 81d. 7 1) 7 0157 0111
floékwflat 116mm , éfékqs dr oholpmv
111101671171 6! rpoahafio’
» 7'
64111 1171107
1 47 11 M i 7 01317 1117 ét péo'
fie vo a .
There 61 érpéofiewa is sf 1 would have
I'
IEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
6 A 1 A w: 1 e 1 1 e e 1 1
8e
tip-( IS, axp1Bo1s o eyar 61 yap 6301916006, 7 1. 1711 671 170 11111 ,
66311 01’
1xM pxo v o i. 7 ai37’
611013117 69 0137 01.
Bo tiltopta t 6’
1ra7 6h06211 颒
a°
7 0157 11111 66139 617011 17 6v6A A11 171” Kai. 0 11017617 6 1
3
11 7 o 157 o ts av 7 1f 7 b 7 7) 17 19161.7 9 1 A f v 1 A
361 7 117 7 011 1711 . opwv yap, w a118p6s A01711a 101 , 7 0 11a 117 111011
1511 17111 11a7 ahv671611011 , Kai who vm fovs d7 6h6fs darbA Q
am pcou duahwpcfiwv y17 110716110vs 86 7167 701? 1) p u pa 5A A 3
xexm pe'
vo vs 7 11111 1roh17 a111 5117’
67 1 8 150-
7 6
10. 4117115131 0111 . A 1 . 1 1 . 0611 1'
11'
7'
jpx07 2 .
102 . 1 . 67 6h06‘
1‘
7 O . a. 76om . O . 3 . wa¢£p07 57 V6. 5 . 7 6110
1167 0111 41 ; 7 17 011167 0111 V6. m l(fo r 13) A 1 . 6. 7 137 " m ay om . A 1 .
67 7’
om . 2 1 ; 7d 0111 . O‘. 67 0101607 7 111 2 , L
1, A2 , <l> ; (w. 118, cit -
ohm 7 ras F ;dr oM ov-
ras vulg .
gone on the em bassy , as 61 er exelpmra
here is if I would have u ndertahen (forany co nsideratio n). See M .T. 506. Is
there no t a justifieation o f tr exelpmr’
in the following 7 6 7’
8717 07 01111
67 011611 110’
1511621, you would no t have done
the thing in reality (Enny), o ppo sed to
the preceding suppo sition, sf 1 had been
(R077 )1 1 . m ix
-ro t ; were not
these m en here ready to tellyou this
7 1167 11. refers to . rpoqa'oueh
(5102—100. The o rator defends his
Trierarchic Law (340 B.C. ) against the
attacks o f Aesch ines .
102 . 1 . after the di
gressio n in 95— 101 , he now returns to
his own politicalacts . Next in o rder to
his rescue o f Byzantium and the Hellespo nt (7 0111 1117 65131) he speaks o f his refo rmo f the trierarchy at Athens . This impo rtant m easure was carried in 340 D.C.
,
at ab o ut the tim e o f the o utb reak o f the
war with Philip (see See no te
o n 5 1033. For an account o f the law o f
Dem osthenes ando fthe various system s o ftrierarchywhich preceded it, see Boeckh’sStaatsh . d. Ath . 1. Bk 4 , Ch . 1 1—16.
4 . xm hfi pm v, breahm g up : no ticethe following descriptive present participles .4 7 11111. 7 11 7011670111 , becom ingexempt (from all liturgies by sm allpay
m a sts . As allthe m em b ers o f a 11 117 7016111
(under the form er system ) were assessed
equally for the suppo rt o f the ir ship, thericher 11 117 7 6X62‘1 m ightsatisfy the law(as inthe case supposed in 104) b y paying 1
1,
o f the expense o f o ne ship ; and as no o ne
co uld b e requ ired to take m ore than o ne
‘liturgy in the sam e year, theywould thusb e exem ptfrom allo therservices . But the
richest o f all, the leaders o f the sym m o
ries (5 som etim es ingeniously used
the ir legalduty o f advancing the m oneyfo r the trierarchy in case o f specialnocessity as a m eans o f avo iding even the irown legalshare o f the expense . Theyco uld b argain with a co ntracto r to do all
the work fo r a fixed sum (e . g . a talent),which they advanced, afterwards assess
ing this whole sum , or an unfair parto f it, o n their po o rer colleagues. See
Dem . xxx. 155 67 6 1167 8111 1107 10111
xal x1Mov1 7 61 011511117 6 7 117 7 61631 13116211,
t ap'
1511 61017 1111 7 7 611 67 01 rdAa7 7 07 7 a
Ny rov 1117 006111 7 p111papxla1
(i. e . rich m en like 11117 1717
676011 dhnflela 7 1) 11 11667 b ahé‘
m m 11111
hehm ovm xérm m i. 7 61 7 4 117111111
h y7 011p7 1 11‘
17 dr ehéa t 7 67 67500111 r epl
6177 17 .
6. 7d 8117'
am n ion -as : a stro ng
expression o f the injustice to which the
po orer 11117 701621 were liable{011011 7 7 137 1111 19137 , as we say, behind
74 AHMOZGENOYX
Af I f .
0f
“a,
ptCovO'
av ex rovrwv m y fl ohw “rawKa tpwv, 6 171m . vop o v x
by 7 0139 pév 76. 851m m . rro ce'
EV fivéyxw a , [robs who va c’
o vsfl8\ e v a s
8e A I
X 83 v 7
1'
o e wevqrag cr ave a. txo vpevo vs, 7 1) n o a . cou p no
lo xpna tpéra‘ro v, e
’
v 1:0.t ybyveo'fla t wapaa xevcis gr aine d .
3 A A 3 fl A I103 Kat ypaxfiecg
“ro v aywva ro u
'ro v a s vpas em hflo v m u wired»)I A I C
8f B V
yo o , m u To yepo s ro w((mdm v o m acawowe ehaBev .
m ic a xp'
ripwra. ro bsfiyeptbvas rawa vpp opufiv i)ro ils Sevrepo vsKai rpbro vs 035006pct 81361104 (307 6 p ol io
-
7 a pév pi) OewcuA I
5 Top voyo u ro u‘
ro v, £ 1 83 pi), xaraBdM ow’
e’
av év imwp o cn g ;
7 . ix robrwr bo replg'
. Y . 7 , 8.
8. robs t haw-loos om . West. , in Lips .
<l> (m g . Reiske .
xab’by robs ab L, vulg . robs om . 2 , Q .
10. vatm xas (fo r rds) 2 (7p), B (m g
Q 108 . 1 .
A
ypacpeis at: A 1 xam'
yopnbels L" ; 7po ¢els r aparbw o 2 m g . o f
B , F , and <l> ; rov'
rov t aparbpwv vulg . r aparbuwv om . E, L, A2 , F . a. 1 0 ,uépo s
E, L’, F ,
<b ; ro t épr rov Mpcc A 1 , B, vulg . (cf. an , 250, 3 . rob s (b ef.
h ep .
)om . O‘. 4 . b eivd m vulgq pa 0m . 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , B . 5 . xa‘rafidhkorra
<l> , Y xarafiahbrra vulg .
8. [f oals whow ‘om ] : I b racket thesewords (which West. om its), as an ex
planatio n o f robs My , which needs no
such no te , not venturing to read a’
or
My (witho ut robs)with 2 . The readingis very do ub tful, tho ugh the sense is clear.
5 108 1 . ypafi ls : sc . r am bm v.
—4 '6v610m f ofi-rov . .dcfikOo v, i . e . I stood
(entered o n) my trialon this issue before
you , sir buds im plying com ing into cou rt.
roGrov refers to ym els, m eaning the trialwhich followed his b e ing indicted. Cf.elafihbov rip 7 PGMP , Q 105
9.
a. 1 6Mp0: (sc. t au -roar) : cf.
See no te on 5
3 . flycpbvas 7 55V w upopu‘
iv, leaders
of the sym m m’
es, here pro b ab ly the
sym m ories o f the trierarchy, tho ugh the
term com m only refers to the 300 richestcitiz ens (clrptaxbo cot, who were
leaders o f the sym m ories o f the propertytax (elowpd). Under the system whichprevailed from 357 to 340 B.C. , the 1 200
richest citizens, who alo ne were liable to
the duty o f the trierarchy, were dividedinto 20 sym m ories , regularly o f 60 m en
each . To each o f these sym m ories was
assigned a num b er o f trirem es to b e fitted
o ut in each year, regulated by the needs
o f the state . The sym m ory divided itself
ye after xc-rafi. vulg . ; om . 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , B, 0.
into sm aller b odies (con d u ct), each o f
which equ ipped a single ship. The
expense was b o rne equally b y all the
m em bers, witho ut regard to theirwealth .
Each sym m ory pro bab ly had a singleleader, and the so leaders, with the two
classes called bet'rrepot and rplrot (who are
not m entioned elsewhere ), evidently b elonged to the rp mxbo tot, perhaps includingallo f that class in the sym m o ries (1 5 ineach). The new law o f Dem osthenesim posed the b urden o f the trierarchy onthe m em bers o f each sym m o ry acco rdingto their property, thus greatly increas ingthe assessm ent o f the richeranddim in ishing that o f the po o rer m em b ers . Of thisa strik ing case is given in 104
“ Thisis allthe certain knowledge thatwe haveo f this im po rtant law. The details o ften
quo ted from 106are untrustwo rthy .
4 . of ererl, representing dbl
bao ao , which appears in —|ui.kwm
phv, above all things , o ppo sed to el66
no M en d“.if " of (M T —
litiM m , not to enact, i. e . no t to b ring the
new law b efore the vopo bé‘
rat.
drop it andlet itlie under notice of indictm ent (lit. u nder the prosecutor
'
s oath to
bring an indietm ent). Whenever anyone
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY
a s 9 8 s a 9 s e a e A7 00007 w avSpes Adnva oo i , oa
'
a. OKVYIO'
aLp. b y
eirreiv . oral. 7 afi7’
eixo'
fl o s é’
rrpa7 7 0v e’
xe'
ivo c. fizz yap ai’
rro'
is‘ 104
in “Ev 76V 77po 7 e'
pm v poym u O'
vvexxaiSexa. hn7 0vpyeiv , ai’
rro'
ig
p31 ; p ixpd. Kai. o bSév dvahio xova t, 7 0159 8’
a’
m'bpo vs 7 u m
rro hwélv it: 83 7 06 e’
pofi voyo u 70ycyvbp evo v
xard. 797V o inriav Exam o v 7 c06'
vac, Kai. 8v0'
iv e’
tbdrm 7 pt71'
papxo s‘
5
6769 was 3x7 0; Kai. 3éxa7 o s 77p67 £po v o vw ehry’
v 01536yapv Q l C Q A Q
7pi7lpapxo vs £ 7 wuoyaCo v eaw o vs, ahha a'
vw ehetg . m om s
Si; hvflfivat Kai. pcr) 76. 851m m . wo ceiv riva '
yxa o-fifivat,
Q f f I Aowe 600 0 7 c o vx £ 3o800'
av . Kat. p01. keys 77pw7 0v prev 108e a a A
tirqcfico'
pa. xad’
o ewnhdo v m u ypatfi'
qv , elm . 7 ovs
6. by cit e?» £7 6) rpbs buds A l,‘l’ (7p), Y .
104 . a. rpb7 epov A 1 .
om . 2 1 , A r, B, F ,<l> . rpb7 epos A 1 .
stator B, vulg . abrobs V6.
drayxao bfivat cm . L‘. 9.
105 . a. win hbyovs Y .
fo rm allydeclaredhis intentio n o f b ringinga
‘
ypadrb r apavbpwv against a law o r
decree , he was requ ired to b ind him self
b y an oath, called bit-
«mod e , to pro secute
the case . This had the effect o f suspend
ing the law o r decree if it was alreadyfinally passed, or o f stopping a decree
which had passed o nly the Senate (i. e . a
rpoflobh upa) from b eing vo ted o n by the
Assem bly , until the 7 p0¢i7 r apa buwv
co uld b e tried. (Fo r an account o f thisprocess see Essay The m ean ing hereis that Dem o sthenes was o ffered large
sum s if he wo uld e ither decline to b ringhis new law b efo re the vop oblrai (,whh im ) o r else let it qu ietly dro p (car)when a ypaopi) r apavbpwv was b roughtagainst it after itwas passed. This passage shows that dropping a law under
indictm ent was not illegal.5 1 04 . 1 . i. e . they
m ightperform theservice (o fthe trierarchy)in bodies of sixteen : this is pro b ably statedas an extrem e case under the oldlaw, in
co ntrast with an equally extrem e case o f
a m an with two whole trirem es to suppo rt
under the newlaw.
a. 057 0‘s "Av, them selves (ifsis), op
posed to robs b'
dr bpovs
o bv éxxaibexa O .
(567 6 irrép 7 00TaGra. 2 (7 p).abk 607 1» V6.
6. Ma n or «3» L , vulg . ; div
7 . £7 1 ofwbuaf‘
ov 2 , L, A 1 . 2 ; drawb
8. m l
3 . ptxpd ital. see no te o n
Q ro a‘.
4 b u rp(Borro w, distressing (grinding ) - 70ytyvb'u vov n un s, to pay their
quota (whatfell to each): cf. 7 ¢0évat 7 as
elo¢opds, xxu . 42 .
5 £ 076 7 1“oivfl av according to his
property a nd 707 11 mm , according to his
valuation , wo uld b e m ore strictly accu
rate , as the dam n , or taxable property ,
in different classes b o re a differing propo rtion to the obola .
it was a possible case that a m an who
had b een assessed (as suppo sed ab o ve )for o nly one - sixteenth part o f the expenseo f one ship m ight b e com pelled to payfor two whole ships under the new law.
7 pc6papxos suggests 7 pt'6pow and 7p¢flpovs
fo r bvoiv andwas.
7 . W is , as m em b ers o f a o m i
heta (see no te o n 5 s ixteen trierarchs o f a single ship, o f whom perhaps
no one even saw the ship, were ab surd
9. oIe redz‘
cf. btbbvcu as
im perfect in 55 105 . a. h im : this canno t b e
the trierarchic law itself, which was no
m ic/m ; b ut a decree passed after the
brwm la, which (as West. explains it)
AHMOZOENOYZ
I I 3 3 I I
k a7 ako -
yo vs, TOP 7 ex 7 01) rrpo'repov vapo v Ka i. 7 0V xa7 a 7 o v
e’
ydo . he'
ye .
‘I’HQ IEMA .
[Ta-i c
’
ipxow oe Hoh vxhéo ve, anode BonSpom é'
wos‘ 3x7 3) e’
wi
Séxa , dwh iis‘77pv7 avevo bo
'
nc q o o'déwye Arm o
aOe’
vovs‘ Ham m er)? eim ivevyxe vbp ov 7 pmpapxixbv dw i 7 0677po 7 e
'
po v,
a’
811 a i o '
vw ék eia i fiaau 7 6311 7 pmpcipxo w°
realéwexetp07 bm yo'
ev
7) Bovk r) real 6 Smear xa i dwfiveryxe orapavbpwv Amm o-deuce
Mania/elf)? (Ph o ebe, real pépoe 7 63V a m 013 M 36»: riore'
n a e
7 dc n ew er/co o lers Spaxydsj
<I>e'
pe 87) real. 7011 xahbv narciho ‘
yo v .
KATAAOI‘
OE.
I A t I I 1
[To ve 7 pmpapxo vs xakewea i eon 7m: 7 pmp7) o vvexxaLSexa ex
7 631) e’
v 7 029 k o'
xo cs'o vw ek etiiw, am ) elf/co o l. zeal. vréu'
re e’
7 é'
w eis‘1 at I
5 7 e7 7 apaxo v7 a , swi. w ay 7 9 xoporytaxpwaevo vsjI8
\ A s A a A I I<I>epe 7) orapa 7 o v7 0v 7 011 ex 7 o u ep o v vop ov xarahoyo v .
KATAAOI‘
OE.
[To be 7 pmpdpxo vs‘
a ipeio da t e’
wi rip: 7 pu§pn (i776 7 139 o b o ia qI I Q
Kan t n ana'w, a 7ro 7 a7\.a v7 wu Sexa ‘
edv Se wh eto vwv 7) 01m m .
10 fixpnpd7 m v,xa 7 b. 7 61:dvah o'yco'
ubv 3019 7 piéivwh o ia wA i
xai in mpen /cov 7) Xewovpyia é’
a rw. xa 7 e‘
r 7 o‘
7u ab 7 nu Se a vak oqia vI A I I
307 m xa t ole s’
ha 7 7 am o utn a 607 1. 7 u m 8érea M im i/raw, o'
vw ehe tav
o vv op évo cs 659 7 d Sélca. TdM DTdJ
3 . fi le (after xal) om . Y .
100. 1 . eat0m . Ar. 2 . KATA'
AOPOE 2 . 7 . KATAAO'
I‘OT 2 ,
<b .
o rdered the su spension o f the law, o r docum ents were two lists o f citiz ens o f
(as Blass suggests) pro vided fo r the trial vario us degrees o f wealth . with state
o f the case —Kafl'= secrm dum quad, ex m ents o f their assessm ents fo r the trier
quo , no tpropter quad archy u nder the old law and under the
xaf ahbyo vs : the stupidity o f the law o f Dem o sthenes . The co ntrast b e
interpolato r o f the false docum ents never tween the two called fo rth the questio nshows to greater advantage than in the with which 5 107 begins . The docu .
two fragm ents o f a pretended decree m ent in 5 105 is no t a decree, b ut a
given as xardhoeyoc in 106. The real m em o randum .
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY
’
Apa purpd. 3017077001 7 039 77611170 11) 13 pinp’
avahwa'
ae b y 7 ov 7 0 3511010 7 01611! e’
dehew o i. 1rhov0 101
o u 7 05m po p o v 7 19 x00v¢eiv01 7 0v 70 a epvvvoyae, 0v3eA
mA
¢€I
0A
701 ypa¢e1s a1ro¢vye1v, a 7 19 a'
vy. powa ewae 7 o u
1167101) 110i. 7 153 n eipav 3e301xe'
v01 . 1703117 0 ydp 7 311 5
170'
hepo v 761V 01700 76t yeyvoyee'
vwv 1107 3. 7 311 11611011 7 311
ep o v , ovx exem ptav e01711e 7 p17§papxo s ov3e1.s 17 161700’
109
0’
.311eo vp.evo s 1rap v , ovx ev M o vv1x1a e’
xaflelem , cux 15770
5 107 . ye L , vulg .
°
ye om . 2 1, ‘l’. "Ff?” 2 , L, vulg. ; imiv
“
V6.
( 01 (o ver ii) 21
1’ 2 . draha'
wem v F (yp) ; drah1‘
30a 1 o r 0 7 2A2 . 7 2 7 0v L1 .
7 0v L2, vulg . éb éhew om . A I . 2 4 . yp0¢iis F, 0. dr ope'
bye'
iv (sic )2 ; b t o¢evyeiv L
1; dr o¢vyeiv vulg . 7 3! om . V6. 5 . 1re1p01e
'
i (fo r 1re'
1'
p0v)V6. 7 . dis o m . El.
scriptions .
5 107 . 1 . pinp’
1111016001
law, does it seem lihely that the rich
wo uld have been willing to spend (only)a little to escape doing justice? With 0!whob0w1 supply 3011060111. 1111117163001 de
pends o u 3000 11 019 , which represents
50d ” b . 7 06 111) r ou'
ir is gen itive o f
purpo se . Many editors om it 4067115111,
and take 011 with 111101 13001 (= 1i.r1jlw0011 do ), depending directly on 3011060111
understo od. But £001 17 is in the b est
sass , though it m ust he confessed thatthe sentence would b e sim plerwitho ut it.3 . 110011061101 , dropping : cf. 1107 0
flm m 0, § 10353—01383: se. 1160011 .
4 . 007141490117 0 M m 7611 vépov : cf.
m ods 3116111 11 701 67117 1303 , Eur. frag . 2 73 .
5 . 7 1; r dtpav 81801161101, either on myhaving given a test of it (sc. or
on the 1010 hav ing g iven a test of itself(se . 7 37 rbpov). It is m uch m ore natural
to co ntinue the sub ject in! from xab v
¢e2v01 , dr opvyeir, and b eirat, b ut usage
favo urs the ellipsis o f the reflexive . See
5 if. ye 1re'
ipav (310111 , which
did not even give us a test of them selves ;
xx1v . 24 , 17 1211011 0157 1511 r ohhdm s 315316
x001v (sc. 01 v6uo1) 87 1 0v11¢épovres11111 (with 0177 1311 expressed); Thuc. 1 .
1 38’ (o f Them istocles), 0173 7 06 r e
‘
ipao
31303s Swa bs ¢alve0001, i.e . on trial(se .
Dem osthenes, however, is eagerto m ake his own agency prom inent.
8. Movrvxlq. M SS . ; Movn xlq. K irchho ff, Attic in
Com pare the perfect 313101161101 with the
tim eless ao rists which precede (M . T .
109,
6. dwm bho v : see 801 ; and cf. Iv .
35, 7 031 3’
dr m bhovs 311211 1'
107 epl
{our 7 611 xatpibr.
7. i1117 1|p£0v (sc. suppliant’s
bong/1 , generally o f olive , b o und withwo ol, which a suppliantlaid on the altar
o f a divin ity whose succour b e invoked.
See Schol. o n Ar. Plut. 383, lxe7 11p1'
a
£07 2«Ab bas éhalas éplq: r er heyuévos, and
Herm ann , Go ttesdienstl. Alt. 5 24 , 14 .
Here n ap’
1111127 shows that it was the
altar in the Pnyx where the helpless
trierarch so ught the pro tectio n o f the
Assem b ly . Aristo tle (Pol. Ath . in
describ ing the regular m eetings o f the
Assem bly, says : JTépav 33 7 a'
1'
s lxem plaes,
to i bets 3 fiovhbpevo s lxe 7 11plar (inrép)1511 do fiobhm m 1101. 1310111 1101 317m m»:
310hé£e7 01 t pbs 7 311 31311011 . Cf. Poll.V111 . 96.
8. iv Movmx‘az {1100 1307 111 lep39 Mov
rvxtas’
Ap7 £p.13o s 1cci.m 8¢coyco 017 17 1 :
7 61° 7 p1np0pxwv 1)3111o 7 0, 13 110177 01 7wes
7 13V e'Eerafouévwv 311 7 133He1pa1ei.‘
See Lys . 11111 . 24 , xabig'
ovow é1rl 7 311
31011311 Movmxlaaw. The fo rm Movn xla
is found alm o st exclusively in inscriptionso f the b est period. See Meisterhans,Gr. 11. Gr. Inschr. 5 1 3, 8
AHMOZOENOYZ
7 1311 07 00 7 0he'
0w 336017, 015 7 p117'
p179 0151"
xa7 ahe1¢0e30’
I A I v A I I I
10 017 103 157 0 7 77 7 0he1, o v7 0117 01) 017010 1307) o u 3vvapem ) ava
108 yea-001 . 1107 3. 7 0159 7 po 7 e
'
p0v9 vdpo vs 017010 0 7 0137 03 A
e’
yiyve7 0. 7 3 3'
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170M031) 703151107 0 a'
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7 0159 e15176po v9 perq'
veyxa 7 ptnp0pxia9°
1701117’
o vv 7 3.A U
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’
0157 3 7 0v7 0 af169 eip e
e’
1raivo v 7 vxeiv , 37 1. 1705117 0 7 3. 7 01.0v7 0 apoppovmyv 7 0h17 e15s a Q 9
8I e
a¢ aw 000 0601. 1101. 1101. 3vvap1e19 w vefiatvo vA I I I B I
177 n ohev 500 11011011 3e 1101. n expo v 1101 1101101700; o v3ev « 7 7 1.
I A I I
n ohtrevpa ep o v, o v3e 7 0170 11011 , o v3e 7 179 fl ohews avafto v .
s x e 1 v v A 1 e
109 7 0v7 0 7 01.v exawev 7 e 1107 0 7 171: n ohw n oherevp am .
07 007 0hwv 0. 630301) <l>. xaraheupb e‘
iaa 2 , L , vulg . ; xa7 ah1y¢0ei0a9.
V6 and so m e o thers . 10. 07 15)a 2 1 ; d7 ehei¢011 22, L, vulg . d7 dy10001
(11 o ver 7 ) B .
5 100. 2 . fir 7 15A2 . hewovpye‘
iv 2 ,L
,Q ; he17 ovpye‘1‘v pi) 367 00001 2 (yp),
vul
g. ; Nyrovpyeiv Bl. , Att. inscriptio ns : “A1 17 . o nly after 300 Meisterhans , G r.
d. r. Inschr. g 1 5, 3 . 3 . 31; 1211 Y, 0 (co rn ). 4 . 7 31 om . O. 5 . 1107 3.
7 0157 0A 1 , Y . 7 . 110! (be fore om . V6. 8. 33 7 1xp3v (o m . 1102) O .
9. dwom : see Bekk . Anecd.
4 35 , 29: 3 7 007 0h e'
1‘
s' 36110 03711011311
dpxon es 130011, 0! 87 2 73s 3117 0117 171 rd‘
ir
17 71101101511 7 111157111111 1101 7 Gw 07 0yo11évwv
07671101107 03e3etypév01. They were cho senfo r each occasion , and had charge o f sup
plying the trierarchs with rigging and
o ther m aterial fo r the trirem es from the
pub lic sto res, and o f see ing that these
were properly restored at the end o f the
vo yage . Bo eckh’
s Att. Seewesen , Urk .
No . shows howm any andserio us werethe com plaints against trierarchs in regardto these supplies : cf. NO . x1v . p . 466,20—25, where the 07 007 01611 are m en
tioned. These do cum ents and the pre
sent passage show that the sym m o ries
contained m any m en o f very narrow
m eans .
9, 10. abandoned
at sea ; 0157 06 dm heldrh ,left behind in
port. We have to decide b etween these
form s and xa7 ahn¢01200 and d7 eh1i¢01pBut xa7 0hn¢01 i00 (which has little MS . nu
thority)wo uld ratherdeno te that the ship
was caugb t or detained b y an enem y,whereas the m eaning o b vio usly is that
she was unseawo rthy . See Plat. Rep.
496B, W17 7}: xarahnwév, o f a no b le
character detained and fieldfast for philoso phy b y exile . And «h allway is stillless su ited to the case o f a sh ip too badlyfitted o ut to leave the harb our.
—0 137 0i'1,on tire spot, i.e . in po rt, where she was
lying : 611 703Main
See Plat. Rep. 37 1 C, pub -0117 0: 7 epl
f ir dyopdy .
5 108 . 0. 7 3 8’
alfl o v, without 87 1,like 0m m?” 86 and 7 exp 1§p1011 8G: cf.
vm . 30.
3 . “61107 0, cases of impossib ility .
6. 7 110390611.q cf. 7 11001116015 5and o ften .
7 . 811116410 1 , power (o f various k inds)cf 1 37
°
8. 500 7 011011, m ak'
ciom : see Harpocr.,
dv7 l 7 06 What-n or xal m o¢0n txov.
see 11007, 5 1091.
g 100. r. i‘ol, prim-
11010: (o f actio n),politicalcharacter: see no te on 1
AHMOZOENOYZ
76111 X01176111 170k17 6v110'
7 0111 , 3005019 n ap’
7 3
0111161339 1'
1170'
.px6111
T6111 0611 01311 hdywv, 039 0157 09 110i. 3101111116111
67167 6 76111 7 0p07 67p0ppé 10111 1161111111 , 0376 7 039 06039
1101103116111 0177’
0157 39 6’
3u 110i411711 0 1111631101. 7 039
170Mto v'
9' 617X619 367 311 3p01311 7 6pi. 76111 3111051011
5 7 000157 91 361» héyew 809 01511 Gipi. 1517615001109, 3 111311 037 09
31.6'
Bahhe 110i. 31010267 0, 1500’
3170117 0 7 311 35011 317615011110966101 30030761 1311 i) 31.0116x61fp1110 i) 176170h1f7 6v1101 17001511211 .
8. 2 , L, A t . 2 ; 67007 011 B , vulg . 9. 37 dpxe1 01, F .
1 1 1 . 1 . 0177 01 om . V6. 7 117 1311 Ar, Y ; 7 111011311 A2 ; 3107 117 710117 ab o ve) L .
2 . 7 137 o m . Ar. m am-
711611107 Z , L, A 11 ; 7 0p07 67p0111ié7 107 2 7 6711011
1167 1011 L’ (m g )1 A 1 , 0. 3. 011101 31161 E, F , C1, 0; 31161 0101101 L ; 1'
11161 011101 A',
B . 7101103 7617 B . 01111167 01 A2 . 4 . 0376111 (after 7 0XX031) L (m g . A2 ,F (7 p), <I> (7 p), Y , 0. 2 , L , F, 7 37 3110311 33311 vulg . ; 3337 after
317 01107 L (m g . ), Y 5 . 7 0006701 E,1L (7 o ver 7 000157 011 vulg . 037 09
22, L , F ; 0370: 7 0M d1111 vulg . 7 . 11 7 1331; A2 . 3107 6xelp17 0 2 , O (1) o verlast 3107 11 601117 0 L, Y , V6.
8. 3pdn ,allMe sam e.
—17 0p'
im ipxu v Mat 1 m ay rely on a con
scionsness of Men: in cu e/1 of your m inds
cf. 5 95‘and no te .
1 1 1 . 1 . 7 177 hdycw, depending on
7 0XX061 .—6w 1101 116701 8101111111711,
36, 1111 10 1101 1107 10 7 67 0111116, and witho ut70! 11 . 16, 07 1107 61011 611111 767 111
, and
IV . 4 1 , 011117 01100627 6 611111 767 111, up and
2 . the laws whichthe indicted decree (7 3 ¢6i37 07 M¢10110)was charged with violating were writtenon a tab let (007 13107 ) by its side, and thiswas po sted in the co urt- room . See
Aesch . In . 200: 67 7p0¢0€s 7 617
7 011076111011 7 011611617 01 7 07 617 7 017 31701011
7 0117 1 7 3 0011l31011 7 02 7 3 W'fiWI-W 7 02 01
7 0p07 67 p0111167 01
4 . 7 37 6901311 (se . as we say,
straightforward: see Ar. Av . 1 3110117
7 60161561: - 1r1iiv 81110107 , Me nlgfits of Me
case, oppo sed to 7 617 R67 1”
5. 7 000679 M7 1 17 , I am so far
from saying : 700067 141 with 3610 as withco m paratives : so in 1x. 1 7. Mo st 1158 .
have 7 00067 011 in b o th passages, and all
have it in vm . 70.
6. 814m 7 01m um see
7 . i. e . either f orm oney tlmt I 701
11 fiam tlea’ orfor publicacts that 1 have done .
1 1 2 . The so phistical character o f
the argum ent o f 1 1 2—1 19 explains theanxiety o f the o rato r to co ver its weak
ness b y its po sition in the o ration (seeno te o n 1 The reply o fAeschines(m . 1 7 if. ) to this a¢n1t7 m 367 011, 611 M 01
A111100061m , pro bably written o r greatlym odified after hearing this passage , is
conclusive . The law quo ted b y Aesch.(t 1) 67 61101111011:119107 6¢011017v certainlym ade no exception for tho se who gavem oney to the state while in o flice . In
deed, this very claim is o ne which neededto b e established by the 1001111111, in whichitm ight b e disputed: see Aesch . 1 3, (0007
d11¢1cfinrfi0al 001 7 3V 6011361110011 7 617
17071176111 13: 0157 61763017 01 . The claim of
Dem osthenes at least am o unts to this,that any o fficer who asserts that he hasexpended m o re in the serv ice o f the state
than he rece ived sho uld b e exem pt from
the law 37 61101911011: 113 07 10101101711 .The specious argum ent thata m an cannot
fairly b e called to acco unt for the ex
penditure o f his own m oney on public
HEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
9 e s s A s I a e s r A
(w per m; y ex m s 03m g ova'
tas ewayyethajtevo s 363m m ; repI ’
8I C I I
0 II I
51 mg», ov qu av nyepav v v w as 6 van. 4mm (axovetsAia'
xfm j 068’
iM o v ovSe'
va , 068’
do 7 611 Ew e"
dpxom'wv
n s‘ div 76x17. 7 59 ydp e
’
o'
n vopo s roa ati‘nys (maniac Kai
p ca avflpam ias pea-
Tbs (507 6 76V Sow a. n 7631: i.8i Kai 5
v e rtic al/Ta. fl paypa (fithafvepam o v Kai¢th68wpo v ffis xdptro s
ptév c’
m oa repeiv, sic rcvs crvxoqiafvras 8’
i '
yew, Kai. rovrovs
e’
1ri. ras ev0vvag wv eSa mev e’
dta'
raivat ; o vSe ets. ci. 36'
4»; co vro s, Setfdrw, Ira-
ya) are'
pfw Kai a twm jo opat. a’
MU o vx
v v s A a s f A v a A
eo'
rw, ow3pes' Aflnvawt, aM ov
'ro s a vxo¢awwv, on em f tp
flewpm go 767 e ai
v e’
1re'
8wxa rd. xprjpara, e’
1rp'
ve0'
ev avrov,
5 1 1 2 . 4 . 6 minor A2 . 7 .
00x01». 6’
dyew A t , Y ; etc at robs cvxo¢. b y“! L . B , vulg . 8.
(av atar L2 008? cl: 2 , Ar ; ov'
Bé ctrW on L , vulg .
els Gé rot): avxotpdwar 8’dyew 2 ; cl: robs
668m“? Ar ;
wo rks could no t release Dem o sthenes N’
06K (01 -w (se . vénor
from 456m when he had o b viously hadpublic m o ney in his hands ; and the a. 61 1 Cu p-m i»div , tream rer of Meresponsib ility fortlu
’
:was the realo b stacle 773m }:Fund: for the inaportance o f this
to his rece iving a crown b efore his «6 ofiice see Aesch . m . as, 26, ending withOwen . Km t¢6v 8G Anm aém r 767 evM -flfidmv
r i v plwo t y’
: 7 1! em phasizes the (la-do ur rd:’
A01jvmm v dpxar dpxov-
ta ovx
whole relative clause . We shouldgene an wewar/«u «rem ain.
5 n o . r.
rally have air 7 6, b utnin e: has naturallythe second place (see ELL—M 110 4
W have oj'
ered andg'iven , i.e .
have given by my free act, openly deelated. See C . I . Att. I I . No . 334, a
”W ild calling fo r voluntary contrib u
tions els em plo y n‘
js t bhw rando rderinga pu blicatio n o f the do no rs’ nam es (whichfollow).
3 . fl iv lwl’
dpx6vfl w : the Archons,as the chief m agistrates and as candidatesfo r the Areopagus, would naturally b esub ject to Specialscrutiny at their ea
01mm .
5 . m o vement-(as, m irantkropy , op
po sed to ¢¢7tdy0pwwov
7 . ch rein w afi dvm s : ironicalallusion to els revs haywrdr, as if the
sycophantswere a b oardo f o fficers (hencerobs).
-rdvat, to set tire”:
to audit tlte attountr etc.
G D .
3 . M o na , properly gave in addition
(to the public fund in his charge). Giftsto the state were o ften called e
'm béo'm
cf. 5 1 717.—h 1jm airrdv (sc. Km o
'
t
érw éaac. All 3455 . ex
cept 2 insert 1) fiovM as sub ject o f b rim rev. The true sub ject appears in l. ro ,ran
‘
ir’{mint/fer 661 r epl ino6. érw e
‘
iv,
complim ent by a vote of th anks , and erre
¢avo6r are b o th used o f the vo te con
ferring the crown , which included also a
vo te o fthanks : see $5573. 85
3, r
See Maxim us (in Walz , Rhet. Gr. IV .
p. 06v dpevos yap oiwwn’
jvat spot7 061 1. 06x vr evflvvor Un a. Km t¢¢3v a
’
n j
yopeva'
ev, h ep b rutpvs xal h um an”
you-or dra‘
yopeéet, drown s uefl wéoa rip
Macaw t apéoxero .M I 7 00 111 6peva'
ev
ér zjn a’
er drain—which m ust refer to
this passage .
AHMOZOENOY'
Z
(fina iv, in terievvo v 6vra . o i) n epi 7 0611 61! 7’
0680 69 a'w
swin erievvo c 17V, 6HUéqi’
ore e’
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’
o'
vxoqiafwa . 80t h }.
x a i r e exo n m b s wia fla . Kai Stdye ro vr 6p0639’
e1m vo vmjv,
61 1 rdm hwpév eeat-m a Kai o vx e’
ho '
ytlomjv . 6 prev¢
yeip
hoywp69 ev0vv63v Kai raw e’
feram iwwv 1rp00'3a rat, 17 8e
Sapca xafpt'roc Kai e
’
rrat'
vov 84m m . 607 i rvyxévetw Sodwep
1 1 4 1'
avr eypatlvev 681 n epi. épo v 61 1 8 o m'w ram
"
06 pévo v e’
v
vapo rs filth}. Kai 611 rats vy we'
po rs 179601 1) p O'
TM , eye?)
paSim g n ohhaxéflev Seifw. 1rp637 0v {Lev yap No va-
m ime
5 n o . 4 . W it , 6Book); L, vulg . : fipovhi; om . 2 1, W is om . A 1 ‘ (see Bl).0666! air Y , 0. 6. W I (after fiGOG) vul . ; .om 2 , 0. 6d 7 4: 7 007 0 2 , L,
B , F, <b ; airr67c rowo L’ (m g . A 1 . 1 , vu 7. rdralwpéva A t . a, B (s;o ver and a). (66m 2 , L, A 1 , <b ; m am a B , vulg . (cf. 1 1 1
3,
8. éferajbub wv A 1 . 9. m l to ri: rv-yxdvew 2 ; w h en 6M
A 1 . 1 , Y . 10. 062(to o ver 0) B , 6V6.
5 1 M . 1 . 00m: 2 ,L
, 067“ vulg . (bef. 06) 2 , L, F, 4b , V6; ravraExec, xalvulg . a. ulna -(pots 22, L, Q ; flue-ripest vulg . (01m ? Sopater, Dind.
3 . 6el£w t oM ax. A2 .
4 . 06 “pl ” bravu h fi o xa : thisargum ent assum es that an ordinary 61m iOwar could be crowned, before passinghis edflvvat, for a gift to the state whichwas no t co nnectedwith his office . It is
conceivable , and even probable , that a
crown m ight b e vo ted for such a gift toan o fficer of state, even during his term
of o ffice , b y general consent, witho utb eing thought illegal, though the letter o fthe law m ade no exceptio n for such a
case . And the cases cited as precedents
in s 1 14 , so far as we know, m ay have
b een o f this nature (see 5 But
this was no t the case with the gifts o f
Dem osthenes . These were b o th closelyconnectedwith the funds which he heldas an o fficer of state , and the argum ent o f
Aesch ines (23) applies to them in its full
force . Dem o sthenes says no thing whichshows that Ctesiphon did no tviolate the
letter and even the spirit of the law 7 06:
irrewtivovr nip " em oiiv. And yet it is
m ore than likely that the friends o f
Dem osthenes, in their eagerness to crown
him for his no ble services, overlooked
the technical o bstacle to the ir action ;and the court appears to have decided tooverlook the ir oversight.
764) o m . V6.
6. waxw ork , one o f a board o f com
m issioners appointed to superintend the
repairs of the city walls . The argum ent
seem s to have b een the sam e ab o ut b oth
o f the oflices which Dem osthenes held in337—336 B.C. The o rato r attem pts no
such distinction as Aesch . predicts (1 8by excluding the o ffice of rap t
-
« 6s
from the dpxatwhich requ ire wow .
8. « is: m (: ottin -dowe l),to investigate : the presentwo uld b e
sim ply investigators, with no tem poralor
finalfo rce .
5 I H . flu rry , your m om ] feelings, which im pelyou to act thus . Som ereadMeowwith som e rheto ricians here ,and by conjecture in 5 275
3. Aristo tle
(Eth. 11. 1 , 1) thus explainswas, m oral:if (flour t ept
‘
yb eru , 600 m i “ro b e/ea
£6m mxp6v rappexhin v 61 6 f or? “our.Cf. Maid, m ores, m orals. See no te on
5 ” 5’
3 . walkaxfl lv We : Aeschines an
ticipates o r rather answers this argum ent
in 193 : M‘
yu 666M am m ot'
fx (its (” one
m pawv, a'
hh’tbs 1761, 1 076and rpbrepor
treporrota0m was dré¢vyem—Nculrtxhiis : the generalwho com m anded the
well-known expedition which sto pped
ilEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
m pamywv 66’
069 67 676W rrpo ei7 o fl ohhdm s £0 7 566vm a t 6p6w
°
660 67 6 tic -m as Aw'
n po s‘ 66mm Kai. 5
m ihw X apiS‘
rjpo s, éa 7 e¢avoiiv7 0 °
619 067 002 Neom éhepo sn ohhé
‘
w epyaw 61700767 779 div, 66 are e’
n'
e'w s 7 e7 t
'
p 1j7 a t.
o'
xérhto v yap 661) 7 0676ye, ti. 7 ? apxnv apxo vrt. i'
j8&80vat 76 7 6h“ 7 a eav7 0v Sta m v apxnv pr)1) 76V So fle
'
vrawdw i rov trop ic-w eal. xa
'
pw e60vvas 64>e'
fet. to
67 1. rowvv 7 av7 ah'
rjfl'
r) he'
yw,héye 7 a tlrrj¢ta pa7 a pm . 7 a 1 1 8
7 067 013 yeyevrjpe'
va a67 a hafiaw.
‘I’HQ IEMA .
PApxwv Amuivuco s <I>Xve6s, BonSpoatéivo s 6x7 3) as7'
eixéSa
y un'
iyy Bo i c xai. Sépo v, KaMufa s <I>pecippeos Gin -
av 67 1. 60x62 7 9 5
Bovhfi «mi 7 923 66m » m edian nic as Navo'
uehéa 761) éwl7 6311
67 5’
A91)vaiwv 67rM 7 ¢3v Staxth iwv 6v7 wv iv"
Ipfiptp real. 780110061:
7 aw 7 039 xa7 oexo iia'w’
A01)valc0v m'
iaou, 06Suvape'
vo v (Plhm vo s‘
7 06 éwi 7 é'
s Sam m ie-
em s xexeepm ovnpe'
vo v Sui
7 069 xa péivac
wh efia'
at teal. 7 069 67rM'
7 a 9, in 769 66619 06061 9 6610“ 10
5 . 61 '
s 2 , L, B , vulg . ,
L, A 1 . 2 ; 067 09 B, vulg . 8.
67 1 Al, O . 6. £07 e¢a3 067 0A 1 , 0. 067 07 2Ee! 7 10 V6; e! f tp Markland, Co b et.
9. 7 5" J aw-
06 2 , L , 76 éavrov 7 p 7 67m 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , vulgc
6¢6£ew B, F (v o ver a ).3 1 1 5 . 1 . Nye om . Y . a676. hafiu
’
wom . As . Nye. 2 , L1
vulg .
P hilip at Therm o pylae in 357 B.C. Diod. 7 . wom v lpyo v h un ch -
m : pro
X V I . 37 ; Gro te xx. 4 l4 ; Schaefer I . 509. bab ly one o f those called 6171/07 i (pyu r
See no te o n 5 327 . Nausicles is m en h im-67 m by Aesch . (m . specially
tioned by Aeschines (159) as the o ne in appo inted to direct Specialwo rks. In an
who se nam e Dem osthenes propo sed his
decrees after the battle o f Chaeronea.
5 . Ash -spot m entioned in xxr. 708
as a rich trierarch , included b y Arrian(I . 10, 4)am o ng the generals whom Alexander dem anded after the destruction o f
Theb es .
6. X apv o s : o f Oreus, an adopted
Athenian , the o b ject o fsevere invective inthe o ration againstAristocrates (352He was first a guerilla leader in the ser
vice o f Athens , later one o f the patrio ticparty, andwas dem anded b yAlexanderin335.—06700-l. im plies that Neoptolem us
was wellknown in Athens .
inscription (partly relating to 338
C . I . Att. u . a, Add. No . 74 1 , crownsare reco rded as given by the people to
Neoptolem us , Charidem us, and Nausicles and as afterwards dedicated by themto Athena (see Aesch . 111 .
8. 0x67 htov Ev (b raw n : fo r the
peculiar fo rm o f conditio nalsentence see
M . T. 503 , 407 .
to . “ piano-Oat im plies that the re
ceiver has a claim o n the giver: cf. dr o .
Gotin a, 5 1 107 , and Plat. Rep. 507 A,
7 c66vao0at nth -
hr 67 0600va¢ m i xopl.
84 AHMOZOENOY}:
8 8 I fl 0 I
na b owe ew evrpafe 7 o u Smear, teal. avayopeva'
al. 7 011 07 6
Aeovvo 'iow 7 53017908039 xawo‘
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ETEPON ‘I’HQ IEMA .
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fl aoc 6677i irn réwv, 61: 7 5 677 i 7 06 7ro7 aa06new 7 651:
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066’
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60 7 5 p07. n epi 7 EW ain 'éiv 7 039V e a A A a i 9
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jyo v o i. hoyta'
7 ai, 06 xam yépetg ;
1 1 7 . a. 06x06»: 2 . 3 . raiira 764) O . 4 . m lérawoiimu O . 5 . 8610
xa Q ; 67 66611111. L, vulg. om . A2 , Y . 6. «iv iréw a r); Aia'
tiltN Z , L . 7 . batm alA2 . 06Z, L, A 1 ; 6a). 7 ! 06B, vulg .
§1 1 7 . a. if 013 “ dam n-m : we
do not knowwhether there was any distinction b etween these decrees and thato f Ctesiphon like thatm entionedin 9 1 1As Dem osthenes identifies his own case
ab solutely with these , the question is o f
little m om ent.
4 . b ra tvofipat : cf. Grin der, 5 1 133.
6. in] AC’
, «0.x: a m ore em phaticform in stating an o b jectio n than the
com m on a m vi) Ala : cf. xrx . 7 7a, xx.
58.—4 rupulv i. e . being present (as you
were).
7 . p.’
elo iiyov o ihovm al: see Aristot.Pol. Ath . 54 , m l (xhnpoinn 01
’AO.) A0
ywrds 66m xal owwbpovs 7 067 06 6éxa,
7 p6$ 06s 6.7 m m 067 m ; 7 06: 761 dpxdr
dpfm as M7 0» cit eveyxeiv 067 07. yap elm
7 023 67 41006s hoyctbnerot, nut! 76:
ewbvas etc 76btxao'
fi jptor elcdyorres. Be
fo re this b oard o f auditors every m ag istrate had to appear fo r his «Murat at the
end o f his term o f oflice ; and they (generally as a m atter o f form ) bro ught himb e fo re a Heliastic court o f 501 judges , in
which anyone m ight appear and accuse
him o f any o ffence connected with hiso ffice . His accounts o f m oney expendedwere audited at the sam e tim e . See
Aesch. 111. 1 7—23 . The question rt:
flobherm xam ope’
ir; (Aesch . 23) was
pro b ably asked in presence o f the co urt
at the dawn; o f Dem o sthenes ; and to
thisAeschinesdidnotrespond. Butthese
cbflwat m ust have com e severalm onthsafter Ctesiphon
’s b ill had passed the
newTOY ZTEc NOY 85
q'
Iva 7 01'
vvv 176170 67 1. 116769 06769 p01. pap7 vpe? 66’
069 1 1 8
06x 6116150vv09 611 60'
7 etpav610'0a1 , hafidw61167 111001. 76 ninj
tpta'
pa oho v 76 ypa¢év 069 ydp 06K e’
ypa'
tba7 o 7 013
n poBo vheriparo s 7 067 019 6. 61161161. a vxoqiawéiv ¢amja e7 aahéye .
‘I’HCDIEMA .
['
Eqri. 6px0v7 09 E60vx7te'
0v9,wvavedndivo s‘ éva'
rp 677 16117 09, gbvh'
jcwpvravevofia
'
ns 01311776609, Kano-
1166311 Aeaoo'Oévov9
8 I I I
em ev, 67 8637) Anpo o flevm Ameo o'flevow Haeavoev9 yevopev09 62n
A a a 8 I 8
7 179 7 1011 7 erxwv efl wxevm teal. vrpoo'
avahwa'
a9 e1.9 7 a 6pya
6776 769 26609 a606a 9 7 pia 76.7tav7 a 6176810“ 7 a67 a 7 97 xa i
e'
vri 7 06 flew/1 1.1106 na7 ao-raOel9 6776600“ 7 0i
'
9 £1: waa'
oiv 7 6311 diuha'
ir
Oemp029 e'
xa76v 6179 0v0 1'
a9, 8686x0a 1. Bovhfi xal. 70? 703‘
AO‘qvaiaw évrawéo'
a t Anpoo'flévnv Ameoa
'flévo vs Ha tam e'
a dperfisglee/ea teal. seab e d/yam“ 69 6xa” Sm ack s? 611 xaepq
‘
i 639 7 611
7 6v'
A0'qva 1fwv, teal0'
7 egbavc30'
a1. xpvo'
qi arednivqo, xai riva
yopeiia'
ae 7 611 0-ré¢avo v611 703066.7 p1pA10vvo l019 m ar/916029 xawoiv
7 69 86d yoperia ew9 évrtpekqefiva t 7 611 67 1011006v
5 1 1 8 . 1 . Iva 6110! viii A2 . E‘ ; 61651 1 E’, L, vulg . 2 . 061:
4 . W orm cuxo¢. Y .
Senate and had b een indicted b y Aesch ines, so that accusation at the alov was
superseded.
For anotherb oard o ften, chosen by theSenate b y lot from their own num ber,
also called hom o-
rot, and for the ten 10
011001 with the ir twenty rdpebpoc, see
Aristo t. Pol. Ath. 48.
5 1 1 8 . 2 . b ubo nic-001. (se . épé),i. e . that the pr0posal to crown m e has
passed the Senate : cf. til-firefl y in
33 . M po t, proposedin my Itonour
see no te on Q —700wpopoM prwos
partitive after ole. The m eaning is, thathe willuse the om iss ions from the decree
in the indictm ent to show the m alice o f
Aeschines in pro secuting the clauseswhichhe includes .
4 . 6 816111 1 m edian -811 : see xxm .
61 c um s-
06110 767 7167 11111 .
The o ratornow calls fo r the reading o f
the b illo f Ctesiphon, o stensibly to provethe po int just m ade, b ut perhaps chieflyto recallto the m inds o f the judges Ctesiphon’
s enum eration o f his public services
which the Senate has approved. In the
following spurious decree the Archon’snam e is wro ng and different from that inthe indictm ent (which is also wrong) ;and the re ferences to the words o f the
decree made by the two orators do not
agree with this docum ent.
5 1 10. Here the pro o f o f the m aliceo f Aeschines , pro m ised in 5 1 18, is giveno n the autho rity o f the decree just read.
It is argued that Aeschines adm its the
gifts and their legality b y his silenceconcerning them , while he b rands as
illegal the propo sal to return publicthanks for these gifts. As if the thanksfor a legalgift m ight no t be given in an
illegalm anner.
1 1 9
AHMOZGENOYZ
015x031»d. pév éfl e'w a. ém iv, m
'v o ésév 01) yéypa
that:
300,
a.
“SLG
’
MCGLQ.
a.
“86
'
47070 11! 15 S62V dwi 7 06m m yeve'
o ea t pc t,
70Xafiefv 0131! 7d. Stadp eva opohoydlvé'
vvopo v cipac, 70xofpw 7 06m m o’
m oSofiva t rrapavdpm v‘
ypaftpet.f V A I5 0 8e fl aprro m jp09 avflpam o 9 Ka t. ixopo 9 Kat.w avo s
dww9 170369 av sin 17p09 065m ; cux67 01057 09 ;
Kaim‘
jv n epi 7 013 y’
c’
v 7 c; 060i7prp Impurreo'flat, pév
pvpcdxw pvpc'
o v9 xennpfixflac n apahec'
rm reel 70 rroM afm s
5 1 10. 2 . pm 7 6767041; AI . 4 .
vulg. , Bk . , BL;
1 20. 1 . 76V ”i v (for 76My) 2 1 .
4 . w in dy nu cf. no te o n
5 r3°. See criticalnote . Here , and in
nine o ther places in this oration, allu ss .
have the ending 1 (or an) in the seco nd
person singular o f the present o r future
m iddle . See 55 M t“, 140
3, 198
5,
2391, 283
1, are,
“ (three o f
these having t awdry). In e ight places2 has m , while m ost or allother MSS .
have m (or See 55 2453,
In b o thclasses I have, not without hesitatio n,given the fo rm 4 : in the text. In the
whole o f Dem osthenes, according to
Vom el. there are 38 cases o f on. and 30
o f “W The Greek gram m arians are strongin their statem ents . that the Attic o r
the ancientAttic ”used the form in - u ,
except in tragedy, which had 1 and thatin poem , out, and dym there were no
form s in an. See the quotations and the
statistics in valu e] , Dem o sth. Contiones,
pp. 84—87. The writers o f the fifth
century wrote EI fo r b o th m and a o f
the Ionic alphab et. The confusion in
Athens in the fourth century b etween an
and - cc, to which Blass calls attention,pro bably prevented the establishm ent o ffixed usage in spelling the syllab le in
question in the Io nic alphabet, and b othanand - etwere perhaps used indifl
'
erently.
Blass, after calling the introductio n o f «a
into the tragedians, Aristophanes, o rThucydides widersinnig,” thus proceeds :
Bei Dem osthenes ist es gleichgiiltig,oh m an so oder so schreib t, da der
(n ope: strut opokoyé‘
wY .
M u Dind. , Vom . ,West. , Lips. See 5 r2 t°, and note b elow.
7 94” 2 . L
Schriftsteller selbst b elieb ig b ald a, helda geschrieben hab en wird. The MSS.
o f Dem osthenes certainly show great
co nfus ion in the spelling . which m ay b e
traditional. Thus in Co r. 5 238’ all2188.have su m p , while in xxxxv . 33 2 has
Gurkh a and others Gurkh a. See BlassK iihner. 43. 5, and 2 1 1 , 3 ; M eisterhans, Gram m . d. Gr. Inschr. 10, 14 ,
and 15 . 2 and3 . We can hardly b elievethat Dem osthenes him self wrote My»:
and My“ indifl’
er'
ently ; b ut it is perhapsim possible now to decide which he didwrite .
3 1 20. 2 . pum ic e pvp‘ws : this
m eans that m en had been crowned
on occasions (no t tim esro ,o oo m en). This was justified rhetori
cally by the great frequency o f decrees
co nferring crowns to b e proclaim ed in
the theatre : the num b er o f these o n
record shows that any law which m ayhave forb idden the proclam ation o f
crowns in the theatre was a dead letter.
Blass (Einl. p. (3) cites the followingdecrees from the C . I . Att. : 1 . No . 59
(4 10 u . tob(393 25 1 (307
—300 300 (295 3 1 2
(286 33 ! 34 t. 383. 403 . 444 . 4 45In allthese we find es sentially the sam e
language ; e .g. in No . 300, [Kai b etr eFv70» m m »
.
Atovvkltw 7wv ér 607 ]et7 pa7 ¢pdwv 7 45 d‘
v U] —7 6 “ M itts ”
in the notes on 5 83‘(dew
-6pm ;
I have given reaso ns for
thinking that the crown voted on the
AHMOZOENOYZ
e’
dv 7 1 11 019 6 81311 09 1) Bo vlujwnpia'
rjra v 7 0157 011 9 8’
dvay o pev e'
n o 7 17 0611, 13 7 aha£17wpe, crvxo¢a 117 529 ; 7 1f
h6'yo 119 nhdwa s ; 7 1f 01 1 117611 e'
M eBopiiew 61767 0157019 ;$
8. I I
8’ I
aI
5 01101 o u GLO’
XUVGL 160011011 1111711 616 117 5 111, 01111 1m m a7 09
015861169, Kai. 116110v9 1167 117701611 , 7 17111 3’
d¢a 1p5111 pe'
pvy, 069
6h0119 85xa1o 11 7711 7 019 y’
611101101160 1
7 069 116110119 111770516'
10'0a1. 3771517 a. 7 0111 117 0. 77015111 héye19 77601 1.
5 1 2 1 . 2 . M¢l¢m 7 a1 23, L, A 1 . 2 , B , F, 0, O ; o rcq 2 (7 p), BO
OF (mg
. 0 vu 5 . 1117 a E ; 11111t (or a n) allo ther 1153
g)1 19 11117117 11111 , ,L 11 ; clad
-
711111 vulg. 6. 0660 61 hafiei‘
r 7 111111111111 A 1 . 2 ,
0. 116110111 116110111 7 061 L, vulg . 6411111311 (11 1 o ver 1 ) 2 .
(1 17 ch . to 2 .
3 1 2 2 . 1 . (7 17 11 (1 ch. to £ 1) 2 ; 61 1 17 11 or) A2 , 0; 117 11 176A t . My? (later
17 added) 2 a 61 1 2 ; M-
ye1s 1 1169 6. 661 B ; M7 1 11 d6151 vulg . ; he rp a LI (w.
later 7 1 1 over he, an 6over rp) My“: 17617 11 6111 Bl.
2 .
the quotedpassage 7 M)» 1561 " .d yopevh w
appears to b e an additio n to the law
quoted by Aeschines in 32 , £61 7 11111
11) 177 1q 611 30161 117 1idram pén eo om , £611 66 6 6711109, 611 7 1?6110 111714 , du cOc66111116111100. This wo uldm ean that Aeschines read a m utilatedlaw to the court, which in fullwouldhave told against him , and that Dem osthenes sim ply supplied the om ittedwordsand so ended the argum ent. This is
m o re than we can b elieve either o f
Aeschines or o f the court. Our tro uble
is, that we do not know what law the
clerk read to the court at the end o f
5 1 20, and therefore do no t know in
what connectio n the wo rds now quo ted
b y Dem osthenes stood.
4 . M M “ : see Ar. Vesp. 1489,7 20
°
éhhéfiopor, i. e . you are m ad; Ho r.
Sat. 11. 3 , 166, naviget Anticyram ;
A . Poet. 300, trib us Anticyris caput in
sanab ile .
5 . 066’
fo r al
a'
xdva (Mss . 1111131151 17) see no te o n
Fo r the difference between aloxoropm
elod‘
yew and alox6110/1a1 clad-
yaw, whichin the negative form is no t very im portant,see M .T . 881 , 903
1. This appears clearly
in X en . Cyr. v . 1 , 2 1 : 7 0177 0 11611 0611
aio'xfirojum M‘
yew 7 6
Nyeu .—W m 661m , a su it based m erely
on N611” , oppo sed to 661111611117 0: 6111110,a su it (to get redress) for an oj
'
m ee
(cf. 56. 7 1311 6
‘
61611 195 11 Mpg, as if robs pe‘
r
11 17 07 011611 had preceded, which is the
reading o f all Mss . except 2 . The use
o f 7 069 6! alo ne gives the clause the
appearance o f a sudden after- tho ught ;and, so far from showing carelessnessit m ay b e a rhetorical device to giveem phasis . The sam e occurs in xxx. 180
6001 616. 7 110? dr okobham 1 1101111211, 01 66
” 161111 7 11 rdyr ohh’
16¢X1j11a0115 and xxvn .
9 : 11117017 1 . . .m xm por 0106r 11611 7 1116110117 11
11111 1»7 pe‘
1‘
r, 6116. 1 67 1 11111 ft, 7 061
6’
01111 éhdca'ovor 7 111617 1111611 11510111 . See
West. , and Krttger’s Gr. Spr. Q 50, 1 , 1 2 .
7 . 1m 60111 1011 1111mtg/1! to be read entire—rots ye 611-u po
1160-
1 “61410-011 1 : see Aesch . 111 . 6,6110110067 179 1111137 011 611 7657 13116111a07 131' 6pkg1, 511 11¢1017 11 a 1 11 11 7 6, 7 069
116110111 . See Dem . xxx . 1 79, 6111011611 117 1
61141112001111 7 061 116110119 11111 7 6. 111114110712 7 11 7 6 7 006611011 11111 7 179 in 7 1311
7 11 7 011001101 , which agrees essentiallywith the first sentence o f the do cum ent
purpo rting to b e the Heliastic oath in
xxxv . 149, which is pro bably no t genu ineas a whole (see Meier and Schom ann,
PP 151
l'
lEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
862 ”po o-
631101 703 8171107 11113, 1517 1 e 0’
1v8p10'
y 7 0.
o'
vyypacpfiv, cl7’
0611 gxow a 0°
17,0004)
"
e £11 769 o'
u-
y
71104769 1101116116109, 17 Xdyw 7 0159 8171107 111069, 0903 015 7 o
17pa'
y1100-
1 7 019 1roh17 ev1100'
1 y1v o'
xo11évovs. 110i. Bods“
5
17 177 0. 110i 01111177 0. 0110110:v , 010'
1rep 55 61101619, 0. (m i 1cal.
7 19 17 19 ye'
va 01111 110.1f7 o 1 Kai 7 037 0, 13 1 23
03181169 “011110201 . 67 10 Xo 180p10v 110.7 17yop109 7 0117 111 810.
(bépew 1317 0111101, 7 11: 7 1311 11311 Kam yopiav 153 111171107 exew,
10V 311 7 019 11011019 eio 'iv 7 111 10p101 , 7 17V 86 ho 130p1av
Bham fi'qm'
as, as m y 0117 1011 1p150'
1v 7 019 e’
x0po 1s‘
5
dkhrékwv a vpflafva. he'
yew. 0311080011001 313 7 059 fl poyévovs‘
7 0107 1 7 0. 81xa o '
7np10. w e1h17¢0 cux 11101 w hhe'
fawes 111109 619
7 1011 181 100 11 11011109 7 01761111177 0. Xe'
ywpev dhhnlto vs .
11017 01 1101 L , vulg . ; m lom . A 1 , O‘. 11017 01 7067 1001(cm .
7007 111 in a). 13 o m . A 1 . 4 . 01 om . Y , V6. 5. om . A 1 .
6. 1 11076110111 151100 A 1 , 0 ; 7 1101 . 1111137 A2 . 7 .“buds A 1 .
55 1 2 2—1 2 5 are a peroration to the
division 55 53—1 7 5 .
3 1 2 8 . 1 . 1160-0 : so Blass for 7 11006
etc 76. 117 1l 111107 61110 . 19101
86110117 070119710: Jr 701770 7011 iv
1 110. 1 . 11017 01 1101 7 007 0 : cf. xv .
168—1 7o . we find 11 . t 1107 1770q : see note on
it convenient to translate, as if you bad 5 lo l
pu t out a statue to be m ade by contract; 5 . 1107 11 7 vly 0157 311 Ne w, oppo sed
b ut the participle with M op (without60or a» at) is not co nditional, as appears b yits hav ing 00 (no t 1115) fo r its negative(M .T . 1307 1 1: is sim ply as, or a: itwere, b utwe can seldom translate itwitha participle without an if .
5 . 117 10 01100001» (with ac
cus . abs . (M .T . cf. (ha u lxon a,
5 11 76‘ 0
.
6. purl-d 1101. 6991770, da’
eenda, taeemla
(se . with 611011111107 .w 05M W" see no te o n 7 0117 1101, 5 1
and Su id. under 7 0 611 7 1311 d. 11 aw17 11 1611 11 07 0
' £1 1 7 13: dram ahh m
01 107 7 6117 107 ' “0177 1101 700Jr 7 137 137 X oéivéoprfi 01 111011013 7 7 1 1 61 1 7 12" 0110613001 07 7 1310 01 (011107 7611 7 15 1101
67 1 157 1 7 131 01142119 61 013111 701 0! 7 101021101
01 7 137'
A01700110v, £1 09 elr 70.'
E)1wo'lm a
to £11 7 019 11611011 the accident o f
personalnature is expressed also in 01111
palret See Bl.
7 . 7 0117 1 7d Sa w fly-0 : m o st o f
these were in the dyopd, as is im plied byLysias, X IX . 55.
8. 7 131! WM , i. e . ou t of (o urstock o f) private enm ity . Fo r the use
o f 111 6, cf. Thuc. I . 14 1 , 117 1) 7 130 067 139
607 0067 7 6 .- 110K50 N dw , abuse
one am t/ref will lawless epitltets z cf.
Ar. Ach . 503, 7 117 7 6711! 11011131 HW10,and Dem . x1x. n o , 1 07010 1101 ¢1M v~
00107 0 117 607 17“71111-7 011 . 07 6110117 0 were
epithets which it was unlawfulto applyto a citiz en : cf. Lys . x. 6, épei
‘
101 01511
$07 1 7 611 dr oppfifl aw My 7 11 4 7 17 70V
7 07 ép0 dr en orévav 707 7011 761101
7 0177'
01 07 011161 11" 01x dr6p0¢6v o v
90 AHMOZOENOYZ
(ilth’
iva. éfehe’
yxwpev éafv rts‘
nSLKnxwg rt. rvyxdm m u
1 24 m ihw. rav‘
ra rowvv ciSwe Aio '
xw'
qg 0118611 1717 011 e’
po v ,
fl opwefiew cit/Ti. To v Kam‘
yopew efhero .
V I I A
{kawaw exa m Surato s‘ ea rw awehflew.
wopetia oya t, roa'
o vro v a i’
n'ov e
’
pamrfa ae.
A5 Aiav n, m s wéhewe e
’
xflpov 17 e’
pbv J oan. (fro ;A I
eira. o f) pév 171: wap'
ép ov Sum v Kararo be vdpo vc {m oipQ
07 0.
7 015e hafie’
iv , eim sp fiSfxo vv, e’
féltem es, cv
1 25 e'
u rats ypacpafe, év Tafe a'
hha ts‘ Kpfa eaw
o u pm: o vS e’
w avfl3 3 A
1781) 8 cm . f aw n.
m irepdv 1 19 .
e’
pbv Sfiho v
Ara ts evflvvars ,
o f) 8’
£76) pi pA v A A I A 1 a
arm o r, row vdpm s‘
, rgn xpo vcp, r” npofleamq, rep
9. éfehé’
yfwm v B a. (fo rsay)V6. fl om . 01, F .
1 8 4 . 2 . m am a (for f ont . )0. 3. Much»: (0 o ver to) L3. 5. on
“
(fo r
¢ii)A 1 . 7 . éféhewes 2 ; éféh r es L, vulg .
1 8 5 . 2 . ram A 1 , Y . rots vépm s A 1 (m g . only).
mix 6611 Xéyew. This speech shows that
dvdm évos, Mil/ao r ta rarpaholas, and m)
rpakolas were dr bppvrra, b ut the num ber
m ust have b een m uch larger. See Me ierand Schom ann, 628—632 . The penaltyfo r using droppm
'
a. was a fine o f 500
drachm as , which co uld b e recovered by a
btn ) m m oplas (Lys . x. 12 ; Iso cr. xx .
9. if it Mall kappa:
Mat anyone has wronged : the perfect
participle is the com m on fo rm for ex
press ing past tim e with rm a’
vw etc. My
ddtxfio'
as n ix" wo uld m ean zf he s1m ”
pert/lance wrong (M .T . 144 ,
1 8 4 . 1 . with oébe‘v 171-Tow.
2 . wows-drew (cf. “ pr etax,
referring to éf mam , 3 and M c
Boptav, g3 . Oa m v lxw to get of
will: any less (than he has given): thisfatalprinciple o f paying o ff vituperationin the sam e b ase co in is the weak justification o i the scurrility which follows
1 28—1 3 1) and elsewhere . Such passages rem ind us that we are dealing withthe custom s o f 2 200 years ago . The
vituperatio n o f Dem o sthenes has at leastone advantage o ver that o f Aeschines,in b e ing free fro m m uch o f the lowest
vulgarity and indecency of his o pponent.4 . here 416m '
; hardlydifl
'
ers from ¢5M V the third perso n
witho ut fl y in these questions is rare
(M . T .
6. of», when , explained byo eow.
—i‘
n tp ” (n ew the Athenianspresent, as representing the whole .
7 . W m (im pf. o nly 2 ) expresseshab itualneglect—du n “: i. e . b y b ringing a su it in connectio n with m y cwvn t
(see no te on 5 like the 7m“rapat peofielas against Aeschines (xxx ).8 . ypcécts: here ordinarypublic su its ,
not including ewawehla, comm i t, etc .,
which com e under 1 pa¢at in its widersense . See no te o n
g 1 2 6. 1 . o in Sh a de“, butwhere 1
am scotfree, oppo sed to 06my fiv, §2 . vote these four
grounds o f im m unity (explaining de c o» )do no t allexclude each o ther, m an: in
fact including all the rest, and xpévcpb e ing in great part identical with e po
See Weil’s note ; and Arist.Rhet. m . 1 2 , 3 and 4 , where he discussesM J01 ,
which “m ake one ”ring m any
”
(16Gr t om ), whereas a co njunction to
r ace? rd. f on d—fl the lim itations o f tim e set by law to b ringingcertain actions . Deb ts were outlawed in
five years, and this lim itatio n applied to
m any o ther cases . The m over o f a law
was perso nally liab le to the 7M ?) r apa
vbpwr only o ne year. See Me ier and
92 AHMOZGENOYZ
3e'
8e1m '
a 1 , 86? 86 139 xaiwep 015 othohowopo v 6117 11 ,157 5 7 0157 01) filtam fimufas eipnpe
'
va s‘ dw i n ohhéiv Kai.
11161186311 at’
n'd rd ynatérar
’
eiweiv n epi. Kai. 86? a t.
s 7 59 div Kai. rivwv m in us dpxet. 7 01) nam e ; ltéyew , Kai.
ltéyo vs Twas Staa vpet, d i’
tto s eip'
qs a o m : av wxm ja e
1 2 7 ro w perptwv dvopw'n
'wv <p0eyfw 0a t ;— ei yap Aiaxo s 7)‘
PaSépavflvs‘
1? Mfum e 1711 0o xa‘
m'
yopm v, dhlta. com p/1.0
n ept'
rptppa. dyopas , olteflpo s ypapparevs. o vx u p
2 . 67 7 0 No n L, A 1 , vulg . ; p60“ o m . 2 ’ (added ab o ve line ), B, Fl, Y .
6. ru ns E ; 7 1110: L, B , vulg . , West. , BL ; rb as A 1 (Q , V6, see Viim el), Dind Bk .
dm épew A 1 , 2 . 6. f f: 2 , vulg . ; 5. 1 1: L. d! o m . V6. 7 . 6110v o m . A 2 .
1 2 7 . 2 . Min or Tau“. A2 .
lows, fo rgetting his leading sentence , theapodosis to t acOat. Thisexclam ato ry diversio n carries him to the
end o f3 1 28, where we find in a changedform (in Q 1 29)whatwould b e a natural
apodo sis to 1 26. Herm ogenes, r epl1 1311
was. (111. p. 34 2 , thus explains thestructure o f the passage : (o n 6L . .erepa
7 1: 1160060: 47 8111047 011 hbyou m lt -
ra
7 017 doxofirror our Gm ? rpoi'
évat, 70m m
dxohovflla: e qui v 1 06hbyo u om
wiru r, dhh’afar ££lcrac0¢1 8as cir £17 6
7 06rdOom m tb 607 1 m l1 6 r oly uv611 7 1: (5 rd. £562
t i rra 116x111 1 00 0611 dr ape? » 6’
6 1-
1
t ptb‘ro v
068a110t7“yap 67 086807 111 7 5 a
'
xékovOov 7 13cxrjpan , dM
’67 17 0“ 7001011 dxpéxohov .
611) not M y (11.1?v 6
Rh o: th at This shows the futilityo f attem pts to resto re gram m aticalsequence to the passage . The power and
passion o f the invective in 553 1 27, 1 28 iscertainly augm ented by the sudden b reak
in the rather fo rm alco nstructio n o f 1 26,
and we m ay well do ub t whether the
orato r ever tho ught o f the b eginning o f
5 1 29 as a resum ption o f this b ro kensentence —2] i.e . Me
vote wink/1 you r oath and justice bot/1
4 . 061-6. fi n m sbra-ra, what is bare
ly necesm ry (to satis fy the pro m ise in m arket place : see Arist. Nub . 44 7, r cpt.
Cf. b ayxatbrara § 1687 . See r1umaz m ay, with the explanatio n in
Thuc. 1 . 90 1301's droud
xeadac 61: 7 00 Bekk . Anecd. p. 59, 0100 rerpmu érov lita
b ays-w an t:640 m, i. e . to have the wall
just high enough to b e defensible .
5 . rim : se. 7 06110 03 .
6. Myers; 1 1d 8100-6901, ridicule:
certain saying: of m ine. It is hard to de
cide b etween m anand rim s. With rim s
it iswhat sayi ng: of m ine he ridicules, i. e .
how he ridicule: my sayings . The refer
ence is to Aesch. 111. 167, 1 1167 11. 1 "13 som ber; Maura if 0121
5
1112111 : also to
72 and 2o9.—d «m u m ; this
interrog . rel. sentence b reaks the con
structio n . Fo r i1.u p see 107 .
5 1 2 7 . 1 . Ale utia n hfi m : the thre ejudges o f the dead in Plat. Gorg. 52 3 s .
2 . 6 nam yopc‘
iv is sub ject Vom el
says . No n dicit :i Am en: accwaret, sed
.ri accwator caretAcacia .—0'r epaoM ry0s :
o riginally a little b ird which picked upreed from newly sown fields (Ar. Av . 232 ,
then a m an who lives by pickingup what he can in the m arket and o therplaces o f trade , a vagabon d, andgenerallya wo rthless fellow ; som etim es o ne who
picks up and retails sm all scraps o f
go ssip, a bab bler or prater, as applied to
St Paulin Acts xvii . 18. Either o f the
last two m eanings, o r perhaps a co m b inatio n o f b o th . su its the present passage .
See Harpocr. s .v. , andEustath . in Odyss .
p ls4 7 o
i'
lEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
s s 1 1 A s 2 A s
82 a v 2 A e
avrov ccpm . raur euretv o u av o vrwc en axflets ltoyo vsI O I A Q A Q
n opw'
aa oa t, wo wep iv rpayq181a fiowvra to y o K a t. s
K a i ripe n ) Kai rd ro cairra , Ka i. a'
tivea'
tv oral. 1ra 18e1favI f I
ea cxalto vp evo v, p ra xaha 1ta 1. ra a ta'
xpa Staytv m cerar
8f0
I A I
8‘
raura yap wrau cv nxover aurau ltsyo vro s . 17 01. e 1 283 A Q g A A Aaper
'
qs‘
, m xaflappa , 1) rats rfs perovm fa 17 1:01.ti e I
8I 1
0Q A s I
1) rowvrwv tav a ts‘
; cv 1) ru ns aftwflevrr;A A Q A A
n o v 86 pm a flnvac, 179 ro wpe‘v 169 01 170109
1
270 re‘
rvxnxérwv 0158'
av sis ef1ro 1. n epi. abrou rato vrov 013861 , 5Q A
dhltd. xav s'
re'
po v lte'
yovro s e’
pvfiptaa'
ete , 8’
dwoheupfleww
prev, aid-
a sp a t), apo c a o covpe’
vo rs 8’
1511" dvaccro'
qo'iag 76ro b s
axofiovras‘ ahye'
iv Srav he'
ywcn v, r6 So xew ro 1.
0151 019 eiva : n epfecrrtv .
3 A 9 A A A 9 A0111: arropm v r1. xpn wept crau Kat. ra v cro w euretv, 1 29
a fl opm rov rrpo'
rrov pm a fléi m irep m e o warn'
p O'
O‘
U Tpopmg
4 . 01011111 L. rai‘
rr’E, L, B, F , Q ; rotafir’ A 1 , vulg . 6. 7 111611111 A 1
(cf. 11a1 1 111601011 om . B . 7 . ir cxaltobp evos A2 . 8. flxobo ar’A 1 .
5 1 2 8 . 3 . 1 600 A 1 . 2 , B, vulg . 1 601111 Xaflbvr: Z“, L, B (7 p), Q (7p)4 . :rauielas A 1 (cf. 5 vulg . A2 . wt om . O . 5 . abrov
L 8. 7 010191011: A 1 , Y ; r01’
1r01 : V6.
v6: rpdyuaw .—N pot W e. a see no te on
cu rse qf a scribe : see lx. 3 1 , bkéOpov
Mrs/16661103 (of Philip). and xxm . 202 ,
drapdrrovr 0158’(hewipovr, bMGpovs.
06K Cl u elm (repr. etrev i v): fo r theco m m on po sitio n o f as before words like
0111111 , see M . T . 2201.
pompous : cf. it axOés, qfensive, 5 107 .
See Ar. Ran . 940, 151 6 sopra
q uirwv rat h axbé’
w, of the styleo f Aeschylus .
5 . 1 0961 10001,provide one’s selfwit/1 ,
bn ng out : cf. xtx. 186, xxxv . 4 1 .
gov ep “M W“? see riote o n §13°.
thus Aesch . begins hispero ratio n adding m l cbvem : xal
t u beta , fl 6107 17 1141011011” ra 111166 11112
3 . 1 6001 ws 5 1
‘
4 112 b elongs to rervx'
qxbraw, dr ake:
N eiat, andrpm otovnb ocs: ithas apartitive fo rce with 1 12001 v e as in
Ar. Eccl. 87 1 , 211007 016117111 m uarwv .
6. cat n ip M . T . 224 .
drroheuwetm z cf.
7 . (1110100171102 : see no te on dracon
3 43“9. c epfer fl v, it rem ains forMe m : cf.
r ep1e‘
1'
va1 M aura, of a balance qf m onqdue , See It. 29, r epfecfl 131113
31 20. 2 . roi (=rtvos)wpé r0o awe-03
indirectquestio n (M . T .—6
1m m : it is a hard pro b lem fo r b istoricalcriticism to evolve the realfather o f
Aeschines from this slave o f a schoolm aster, seen with his feet in the stocks
o r wearing a wooden collar for punishm ent, and the patrio tic citiz en describ edb y his so n (Aesch . 11 . 147, 111. who
94 AHMOZOENOYZ
s’
8015lteve 1rap Eltm fa s tya
npbs 1755 6170155151 SLSda'
xo vrt ypép
para , xo fvuras n axefac 3'
m Kai ffiho v ; 13 (its [MiT‘
OP s
5 rats pednpeptvo is ydpo cs‘
c’
v ra'
i xltew'ftp 1rp69 reg;xaltapfrg fipcp xpwpe
'
v'
q, r6v xaltbv d pwfvra Kai. rptra
5 1 2 9 . 3 . Ewe-la vulg . ; eke (8 do tted w. 0abo ve) 2 ;'
Ehrlba (8 erased),A2 , O‘. 9 17a A I . 4 . oxom xas (r ebas ab o ve) L. 1101gem o m . V6.
lum p 2 , L, B , F, 0 ; wim p vulg . 5 . sketchy L, A2 , skewers» (w.
m arks of co rrectio n) 2 ; rh o-(1p A 1 , O
‘; th ereto <l> ; xhwltp B , vulg . 6. fipwr
vulg ; o m . A 1 ; 1)p101 (16ab ove p) 2 (fipdxp cf. rp6s rq’
i r00Kakayirov ippo'
xp Apoll.Vit. Aesch . 2 .
haddied ab o ut twelve years b efo re at the
age o f ninety- five , who lived through thePelopo nnesian war, in which he lo st hisproperty , was banished by the ThirtyTyrants , served his co untry b ravely inAsia, was o ne o f the resto rers o f the
dem ocracy under Thrasyb ulus, and in
his old age discoursed learnedly and
wisely to his so n on the early histo ry o fthe ypadrb r apavoawv ! Fo rtunately Dem o sth . Speaks o f the sam e m an thirteenyears b e fo re this, when he was stilllivingat the age o f ninety- fo ur, in xxx. 28 1 ,
where he calls Aeschines r6v’Arp0mjrov
r01‘
3 ypapaarwroi}, son of Atrom etus Me
schoolm aster. From th is respectab le station he has nowdescended to b e the so n
o f Tro m es, a schoolm aster’s slave (see
5
3 . rpc‘
s rq'
i 61]c in xxx . 249,Atrom etus is said to have kept scho ol
1rp6s rob"
p rot? larpofi, near Me
sin -inc of Me Hero Pnysia'
an . We have
no m eans o f knowing whether these refer
to the sam e locality. Archaeologistsare generally agreed that the tem ple now
called the Theseum is not the fam o us
b u ilding under which the b o nes o f
Theseus were b uried ; and the po sitiono f the realtem ple is unknown . The place
o f the shrine o f the Hero Physician is
likewise unknown . Fo r this hero , the
Scythian Toxaris, a friend o f Anacharsis
andSolo n, se e EssayV1. Cf. no te o nutrm (line —81860'
x0vr 1.wdppara : theypamtarwrfls was a teacher o f ypdmtara
,
reading and ran ting , the earlier 7 111111110.
4 . xofvntas n xefas, crassas com pedis
dv8p1dvras L ; dv8petdvra A2 .
(Plaut. Capt. 111 . 5, stocks o rMa ble:
fo r the feet: see Ar. Plut. 2 75, at 0 6pm .
860000060111 101) 106, rd: xoln xas m lrd:r ibas 7 0006001 . a wooden collar ,
wo rn on the neck fo r punishm ent: see
Ar. Nub . 592 , 1711 ¢1m b1mre r01'
1r011’
v réir6v abxlva, and Lys. 681 . It m ean t
also stocks for the feet, and the r ev-reab
pvn ov “M y was an instrum entwith five
holes, fo r neck , arm s, and legs. See
Lexicon, 561011 .5. rote M pqu vofie 74 1012, a eu
phem ism fo r daylzglct prostitu tion : the
sto ries o f the m o ther o f Aesch ines are as
trustworthy as those o f his father (see258,
—KMW (Q , a b u t, o ppo sed
to a house, as in Lys. x11 . 18, rpm}: may0011611 00017111, In
0d. xxtv . 208 shlo cov (1111)refers to slaves’
dwellings b uiltaround the m aster’
s ho use
(700 01 01110: (m o, :repl86xMo
'wv 0ée m in
on which see Eustathius . Here KM ‘C‘Q)
m ay b e euphem istic, like wan n a—7 963rg
‘
i « Aq ua-
n if” , near Me slzrine (o rstatue) qfMe hero xakaplm s. The m ean
ing of this nam e is very uncertain . Manyidentify this hero with the 1ipm larpb: o f
xxx. 249, no twithstanding stro ng o bjectio ns ; am o ng o thers, Westerm ann do e s
this “o hne Zweif If they are iden
tical, we m ay explain «chantry: as arcber
(bowm an , o r rather arrow- m an ), deriv ingit fro m arrow, like fro m
81 1011 . The Hero Physician, Toxaris ,was represented as a Scythian b owm an
(Lucian, Scyth.
6. 1611 nakdv 611891611211 , Me prettydoll: see Behk . Anecd. 394 , 29 (quo tedby D issen), 16: iv rij0117 1706111 Myovo'w al
AHMOZOENOYZ
xalto vpe’
v'
qv, 13
11 raii udv‘
ra 110115311 Kai. udaxew Kai. yfyvecrdatI I A 3 I I1 3 1 dolo r/07 1 ravm s m s ewwvvm as rvxova aw wodev yap
3
0900961! alt).3 Q Q 3 I
tI
opwe o vrwe axapw'
ro s‘
e 1101 wom pos q a'
a
v 3 3 I 3 I I 3 Awa r ehevflepo s £ 11 So vlto v 11a 1 1rho v0'
1o s £ 11 m wxov 810. 2 71
rovrova i. yeyo vdx; 08x 617 109 xdpw airm iis 60519.5m o dulo -
as a avr6v xard ro vrmvl. wohvretiea
8111 1310
11a 1. n ep1 m v
V 3 I C v S A I
luv ecr u apdwfinm m s we apa wrep m 9 110). ey
e1p171cev, e’
afa'w'
npafrrwv , rain"
dvapv'
q'
crw.
a‘
8’
borép réiv e’
x0p1'
6v a vepéis a’
areSefxa'
r)
Tie ydp fipé v ofSev rbv 6001111761006” Avr1¢€1vra ,
8. yfyve00a1 2 , L1; om . vulg .
5 1 01 . 4 . ror’rrovs Y . (x17: Ax, B ; (1 011 O
5. a6r6v A2 . rovrwl(11 o ver an) E ; rob‘rawA1 .
in allM85 . 7 . 11001111131 (fo rpavepé s) A2 , Q
5 1 8 2 . 1 . 6111311 om . A 1 .
8. 110i. yfyvea'fiu : alm o st alledito rs
om it these wo rds, which have the b est
118 . autho rity and are especially appro
priate to the descriptio n o f Em pusa.
See Ar. Ran . 289—293 : X an. 611111611 '
r avr08a1 '6v yoOv y f‘
yv era v t ore ply ye
0061, 11v 8'
611161, f or! 8’
ab yw'b
161111101 67 11 7 12. Dion.
"
Ehr ovaa rolvvv
607 1.
g 101 . 4 . 7 0111 01101 : i.e . the Athe
nians , as represented by the court. -06x06x bran and 0674 brt cam e
originally from 015 Min (o rI willnot speak 4 , Iwillnot say Mat, etc. ,
while the nearly equ ivalent 111161 111: (rare)or 111; 61 2 cam e from Mye 611 101 (o r
do not m ention Mat, etc. Usually not tospeak of is a good English equ ivalent ;b ut what is not to be spoken of m ay b e
either afl‘irm ed o rdenied. Thus here 06x81 101 6x1“, not to m ention your being
gratef ul, m eans not only areyou notgrate
ful; but in Lys . xxx . 3 1 , cdx 61 m rd
0111617 d2'68000e, not to speak qf you r
selling Me furn iture , m eans not only did
you sellMe f urn iture . These exam ples
show the ab surdity o f connecting thisconstruction with that o f no n m odo fo r
non m odo non , with which o f course it is
not related in fo rm . (See M .T. 707 ,
Like m o st elliptical idiom s , this is very
A2 , Q .
7 01 11 -1151; 2 ; « by o r 4 1511éf e8efx01) A1 é8elx0r) A2 .
o ften usedwhere the ellipsis could no t b e
supplied gram m atically, and even where(as here) no defin ite ellipsis was in the
speaker’s m ind. Fo r the occas ionaluse
o f like 1211 in oratio obliqua, see M .T.
817177011, like M 0firjrt3 and Latin dispute, refers to m aintaining in a dispu te.
See Plato Rep. 4 76D, at; M ofimfi 111:
01511 61 1105) Myoper, and Ter. Andr. Prol15, in eo disputantco ntam inati non decerefab ulas .
7 . a“ : H ier ist die t ourefa aus,
undder Rednerwird ernst. ” Bl.)
551 8 2—1 8 8 . Here the orato ralludesb riefly to som e lessero ffences o fAeschines,which preceded the o utbreak o f the war
with Philip. In 139 these are called
slight m atters com paredwith his co nductafter the war b egan .
5 1 8 2 . 1 . 06111, know ojI—dt odm4110061172rejected from the list of citiz ens .
In 346—5 D. C. (er
’ ’
b 0, Harpocr.
under 8101110411011) a general revis ion o f
the lists o fcitizenswas orderedatAthens ;and the m em b ers o f each dem e went
through its own list (the ypauuare‘
c‘
ov
ilEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
69 en ay'
yechdpevo s(b thim rgo rd. vea
'
ipt.’
e’
pfl pfio'
ew sic m‘
v
I 9 A I 3 A 1 3 a
rrohw nhflev ao hafiow o s xexpvppevo v ev HecpaterI 9 s I 0
Karao'
m o'
aw o s 618 m y exxh'
qo'
iav, BowvC I0 Baa xavo s
Q 1 s I a
ovro s xexpayws we cv 8177.10xpan q. 35 11111. 110101 7 0119 53 t A A Q I Q i Q I I
m ascara ; raw n ohtrm v v c v 11 11 1. err 0111111 1 30181ldrev Wfi o
'
paro s, d¢e0fiva 1 e’
rro ina'
ev .
a rdduh-
em . (after811 1 111501111)vulg . ; om . E, L, B‘, F‘, 3.
iffiplfw om . V6.5. 067 01 0m . As . 6.
kqaapxtxév) vo ting o n each nam e whichwas questioned. This pro cess was called610W “ (matrodfopat), and the tejection o f any perso n o n the listwas calleddr aw/«15411011 Dem o stheneswro te his o ratio n againstEubulides (LV !fo r a client who had b een thus rejectedand had appealed (as every such personm ight) to a Heliastic court. (See Wester
m ann’s introduction to that o ration. )
Antipho n was undo ub tedly rejected at
the sam e s am m s (see Dem . m m . 2 ,
t ohho'
iv éfehqha/d w 611111.l ix rdr‘ruw
fl iiv 66pm ), and afterwards ofi'
ered his
services to Philip (iraweihduevos Q 1
it is hardly pro b able that Dem osthenesb ro ught Antipho n b efore the Assem blywitho ut som e o fficialauthority. At the
tim e of the pass age o f his trierarchic law(340 D.C. ) he held the oflice o f {t ea-
ram s
7 06 varm xoii (Aesch . 111. an ). Schaefer(11 . p . 370) thinks that he was rapid s els
f a " 16pm , an o fficer m entioned in C . I.
Att. 11 . No s . 803 d, 5 and 1 4 ; 81 1 d, 34 .
See Bo eckh, Urkunden iib . d. Att.
Seewesen , pp. 59, 62 , and It is
do ub tfulb y what process Antiphon wasthus sum m arily arrested : itwas pro bablyby 111701111 11 , denunciation to the people ,the process b y which tho se chargedwithm utilating the Herm ae in 4 1 5 D.C. were
dealt with . (See Meier and Schiim ann,
pp . 330 Except in the rare cases
in which the Assem bly itself undertookthe trial(as in the min-vats againstPhidias,Plut. Pericl. the people e ither sent
the accused to a Heliastic court for trial
1
ea.
xarahafidv‘
ror
o rdischarged him . In the case o f Anti
phon, the appeals o f m en like Aeschinesm o ved the Assem bly to discharge him ;
b utthe Areopagus interposed, ando rdered
(through the Assem bly) that Antiphon b etried b efore a court, which condem ned
him to the rack and to death . See H ist.g 53. Dinarchus (I. 63) says : m ps
fihw ar’
Arr1¢13vra m ldriv eway 061 01
(the Heliasts) rfi rip 7800161 61 0W “
m an n a . See no te on s Aeschinesnaturally does no t m ention this afl'air.
6. riwa dras : referring to Antiphon’s “ bad luck (as Aesch . called it)in losing his citizenship.
7 . dm W m . i. e . wilfiout a
vote o f the Assem bly or Senate . An
Athenian citizen , like an Englishm an,loo ked upon his ho use as his castle. See
xx“. 52 , m e rolvw (under the ThirtyTyrants) 066121 fora 6117 11 dr en epe
‘
iro
7 06 607 11 1am . 011101 «papa cy,m a 1 067 0 xam opoiipev 7 1311 rpulxow a,
61 1 7 061 £11 1 131 d‘yopdr 66111101 61 137 011.This is not strictly true o f the Thirty,acco rding to Lys . x11. 8, 611110361 7 1 1 66
olxlas ifid61fov' 6110My £60001
601 113111 11. xa‘
réhafiov . In extraordinarycases o fficers o f the state with pro per
autho rity co uld search private houses andarrest perso ns concealed there in . See
38, 53, for houses entered b y theauthority o f the Senate . Pollux (V111 . 50)im plies that an oflicer called in to effect
im am could enter a ho use to m ake
the arrest. (See Meier and Schom ann,
pp. 784, 785, with no te
Antipho n was at first discharged by theAssem bly without a trial.
1) Bovhi; 1 3 3
AHMOZOENOYZ
C I I A 0 I f I7) cf Apetov rrayo v , 7 0 rrpaypa aw flopem j sca t m y uperepavn I ! A
ayvo cav iv 06860117 1. o 'v ea vtav i80v0'
a , e’
n ebj’m a e 70VA I Q C A I
avepo m o v sca t. o vM aBovO'
a erramryayev 109 vpas, efqprraa rQ t I A a I 0 Q
5 av 0 7 010117 01 star 7 0 81117711 So vvat 81a8vs efen errepm av
info 7 013 o'
e/w oltdyo v 7 0117 001?
viiv 8’
a rpeBhaio aw es
1 84 airs-011 an exreivare, dis 3 a ye Kai. 7 067 011 . ro tyapo fw eiSviaA a e a 3 I I I I I
7 av0’
7) 78o 1) 7) cf Apeto v a ayo v 7 07 15 7 007 19 wenpayp eva ,
xecporo vna afwwv airrov 0 1511811101: inrep 7 017 iepo ii 7 017
5 100. a. imwépav 21 (4) ch . to b).
r eanr’a. Gob et Dind. , Vom . , West. , Lips. , Bl. (0m . iv). 6.
7 067 011 A 1 4 , Y .
7 67 1 E,B ; 707 67 e L , vulg . 3 .
hoyoupévov Y , F (7 p).5 1 04 . a.
5 1 00. 3 . Iv of: 860m un
sm sonably , just wItcn it slsould no t : cf.
M ku’
mapev ch 066“ 111 . 28—01 11;flrp'qxui
‘
av wow-
a , seeing titat it had
o ccurred (or. obl. M .T.—6111Mfl ] 1re,
ize . ordered a new (bu n ) investigation oftbc m an
’s case. The Areopagu s in these
later tim es seem s occasionally to have
revived a part o f its ancient power o f
directing the generalwelfare o f the state .
It co uld act through a rescript (da-boars )addressed to the Assem bly, e ither o n its
own initiative (067 977 apoehopém v) or byspecial autho rity o f the Assem bly : see
Dinarch . I . 50, dvd‘
ysm 7 977 3011t 7 977 if’Apefov rd‘
yov xa7 1l. 660 7 7161 001 17011300a1
dr o¢dae¢1 radar. rivar 7 067 001 ; 07 011167 471 17M aaaav 7 066171400
7 70007 4507 7 01 ub7 ii. Meier andSchom ann
suggest that in this case the Areo pagusacted under its regular jurisdiction in
cases o f incendiarism4 . “ M aflofiu shows that the Areo
pagus itself o rdered Antipho n ’
s arrest
Plutarch (Dem . 1 4) says that Dem osth.
arrested him and b rought him befo re the
Areo pagus .—é s finds, i. e . b efo re the
court,wh ich passed the sentence o fdeath
But énamj'ya‘
yer im plies that the
Areopagus brought him back to som e
place , and this m ust b e the Assem bly .See the Scholia : xvplm sit e 7 6 b ra n )‘
ya‘
yev, sis 767 abrbv 76170? a6011 Rare
o‘
m arr 06767 9) 8011797 if 06 66010011 “
rpbrepov. He was pro bably sent back
5 . {sea-tun e? d: MSS . , Bk . ; tiereacuro
p v 767 11 V6.
to the Assem bly with an 67 64111011, pro
viding that he sho uld b e b rought b efo rethe co urt fo r trial. This is the view o f
Me ier and Schbm ann (p. 4 7 4 , no te) andWesterm ann .
5 . Shaw 8007 01 all no ticethe intentionalalliteratio nthis slight change from early" ? gives
a fo rm sym m etricalwith tap-r o o f 41.
wo uld generally be om itted here (M .T.
6. c apvohbyo u : see no te o n g 357.
vfiv, as it wasw—w p fihk am to rtu re
(fido'
aros) could no tlegally b e infl icted o n
an Athen ian citizen ; b ut Antipho n wasnow disfranchised. On the liab ility o f
o thers to the 7811110701 , see Me ier and
Schom ann , pp . 896—898. In Ar. Ran .
628, Dionysus , disgu ised as a slave ,claim s exem ption from exam inatio n underto rture as an im m o rtalGod : a
’
yopebw
batmyflao avlfewdddvarov
7 . 131 (8a 1 1 11111. 7 067 011 (se . a’
r o
rrei‘
rat) as you b ug/it to [save dealt wit/1
this m an
g 104 . 3 . ab o ut
343 B.C. the Delians contested the ancientright o f Athens to adm in ister the tem pleof Apollo on the ir island. The case
cam e b efo re the Am phictyon ic Co uncil,pro bably in the spring o f 34 3, whenDem osth. was one o f the Athenian delegates to Delphi (xxx . The A1
sem bly chose Aeschines as their counsel;b ut the Areopagus, to which the people
AHMOZOENOYZ
I C I I I
Ka t. 11700067 0169 1 erepe‘o , 7 07 5 11700807 171: elua t 1111 1. K0.
x6v0vv 61761617110 .
4 AEv pév 7 01
’
vvv 7 0v7 0 7 010117 0 1roM'
7 evpa 7 o u veamfo v
716— 06 yép
— 039 Kam yope? 37 1511011
8Q I 9 1 I v
e avapm vpa xea ee . 07 s yap Hvom va <I> 1lt11r1ro s 61T€plll€ 7 011
Bvlofivn o v Kai. 71'
a 7 1131» a vmaafxm v 7701117 1011 17 11116
5 17611 1116 1rpe'
a'
fi1519, 169 611 a iaxfivy 1701.17v rr‘
p Kai.
8I 3 A I A I I
£ 1.w aStxo va'
av, 7 07 eyw p er 7 19 Hvflwm Opaa vvopevq:A C I C R 3 C I 3
wolthq) peo v7 1. xafl’
vpaw ovx wrexwpna'
a , alt). avaa'
raeh fl I I 3 V
GW GL‘ITOV 1111 1. 7 11. 7 179 wokews 0vx1. 1rp0v3wxa , alth
6811106117 0. <I> 1fM1r1ro v e’
fvflteyfa a vepdis 013m m 150 7 6 7 069
lo e’
xefvo v a vppaixovs‘
1167 0119 aiv10'
7 ape'
v0vs opokoyew'
067 09
86 Kai. 7 dvav7 1a e’
papn fpa 17017p1'
81, xai
7 0v7 0 117150817.Kai 06x dwe
’
xpn 7 0167 01, 6.t 17091 111 7 060’
60 7 1570011
1 1 . etvm om . Q.
1 8 0. 1 . 7 01067 0 om . V6. 3 . 1iva11111vflax60001 (at corr. to e) 2 . 4 .
2 ; a1'
rro6L ; (167 06 m o st MSS . 7 49 7 101! 2 , L , A I 111 611 7 1011 L’, B , vulg .
5 . alaxum 2 1 (1 ch . to O ‘. 7 . 6r ex16p
'
qaa L, B , F ; 0611 6r ex. (cf.0611 elfa wrexwpnaa vulg .
1 07 . 1 .
his electio n : 7 067 011 Myovro s wo uld b e
21:/zen lte was Me speaker (elect), b ut thisuse o fM7 1» m ay wellb e questioned.
1 2 . chi-“mu m declared him to b e
so by its dr ocpam s.
1 00. 1 . this som etim es
(as here) expresses wantonness or insolence, like veam xés. See Eur. Ale . 679,dyav 6flplfets, italweaving héyovs Air fl owés 11 . 7 .7t.
2 . 06 ydp ; this sarcastic question(after 7 c) im plies a self- evident ah
surdity, which is he ightened by callingthis affairwith Antipho n a r oM'
revpa o f
Aesch . and so com paring it with the t o
7117 1 151107 11 o f Dem o sth . (see next no te).West. quo tes xxx. 209, xxn . 73, xxm .
162, 186—013 11117 1110116 : pro b ab ly7 02: t oMreflpaaw at: xam opei
‘
.
3 . 116001111 : this eloquent o ratorwassent to Athens by Philip 343 B.C. , to
dhkd E, L, A 1 . 2 , B , F ; an d m i vulg .
qu iet apprehensio n and to repeat as
surances o f the k ing’s friendly spirit.Python was a scholar o f Isocrates and an
accom plished writer : see Ano n . Life of
Isocrates, p . 2573(West. ) and Aesch. 11 .
1 2 5, £1 1 7 13 7pd¢ew 11157 0. 11111011137 . See
H ist. 55—57 .
6. Ope d-111101160111,
m anner.
7. wokhii Mom 11110'
6115 11, n ee/lingupon you wit): a fl ood (o f eloquence).See Thuc. It. 5, 6 7 07 11110: éppén
and Ar. Eq. 526 (o f Cratinus),6: 7 070113 01 15011: 1 07
’1,7 01q 6111 7 13"
“n o. t 1sal (ppm . Allquo te Ho r. Sat.
I . 7, 28, salso m ultoque fiu enti, with thepreceding ruebat fium en ut hibernum .
See 5 Ha n an—06x 61 1x6
pnc'
e , did not retreat (b efore the flo od).
10. m pdxm : i. e . the 171111116.
xa r t pécfieu o fl. 5 .
with I n'
: insolent
IlEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
f A I I IAvafwcp 701 1107 00 1101701 01 111 11011 Gpaa
'wvo s 01111011
273 11057 01 60 7 1 ; 7 123 6170 7 1311 wohepfwv 176111606117 16 A
1161109 1161119 1cai. 6’
1101110hoye 17 0, 067 09 06709 mmpxe
7 77 4115061 110700 1101709 110i. 1rolte'
11109 77} 1ra7p581 . 1cai. 67 1 5A 2 s A I I I f
7 0117 ah1707) M7101, 7 0117 0111 7 0vs pap7 vpas‘
.
MAPTTPEE.
[Teléhnp o s Khéawoc,‘
TvrepeiSnc Kahkataxpo v, Nueopaxoc
A10¢év7 0v 1.10p7 vp060'
1 1317000061161 1101677 100600117 0 617 i. 7 6311 07 pa
7 177 1611 61861101 Ac’
axlwyv’
A7p0; 1 1§7 011 K001011 1f$1711 a'
vvepxéaevo v to
vu1c7 1ic 639 713711 Epeia awoe 03111011 1102. 11011107107 01311611011“1108151101, 69
61111602) 631101 110700 1107709 arapd(19171577 7 011. 067 01 0176869170011 0 1
'
pap7 vp£a 1 611-lN111 1fo v, 61107 01130161109 7 pi7
'
g 507 0061100 ]
M vpfa 7 o 1fvvv g7 ep’
6617621! 6'
w 176pi. wapahafww. 1 3 89 v I V I V
1101 yap 0117 01 7701; ex61 . 170M 011 67 1 7 0v7wv exo 1) nA Q A A61601, 0111 067 09 1107
’
6’
1161fvo vs 7 069 xpdvovs 7 019 6’
x0pm s
C H 3
8, 3 I e I I
um pefl ov 61101 6m p60§wv dhh 011 7 1067 01 7 0117 0
a e A a a A I a 3 d A 3 1
fl ap 1111 111 619 a 11p1)87) 11 111711 1711 0118 7 11 ”po o-
7711611 opynv, ahha SI 9 V I 3 I A I
368011107 6061 7 111 1 chavltc‘o wohhnv 6f0v0'
10v 701 BovhopwcpI I A C A C I
7 0V keyow a 7 1 7 01 11 v a'
vpdmpdwwv 111700 116lt1§61v 1101
A A g A I C A I7 779 671 1 7 019 110180111019 178011179 1101 xap17 0s
~
2 . 011056111171 2 , L ;'
A£6lvq1 Y ; ’
A£lvq.1 F and 41 (7 p) ; 1 110511101 all edd.
4 . 0117 1761 2 . 6. 01 77067 L .
5 1 8 8 . 1 . 7 01mm 0111 . L. om . 411 2 . 67 121 7611 vulg11611 om . E, L . 4 . 7 6106701 (7 1 over 7 61) L . 7 . 7 1 u p! 7 1611
¢I> .
5 1 8 7 . 2 . Aeschines (m .
2 23 , 224 ) charges Dem osthenes withcaus ing the arrest anddeath o f Anaxinus,
and even with twice to rturing him withhis own hand, though he had once b een
the m an’s guest at Oreus . Aesch . reports
the o ft-quo ted reply o f Dem osth . to the
charge o f v iolation o f ho spitality :yap 7 137 r bkews aha: r ep! t heta” :
1701160017001 56111116: 7 7107 3 713 . Anaxi
nus is said to have com e to Athens (probab ly in 34 1
—340) to m ake purchases
fo rOlym pias, Philip’s queen .
4 . 06762 he
was to be assum ed to have the natu re of a
spy him self. See note on 5
g 1 8 8 . 2 . 067 21 17212, som ewhat as
follows, where earlier writers wo uld use
1386.
3. 16V : assim ilated to 7 067 11» from 6,cognate o b ject o f M m e. and 67 11060
fo r : fo r the latter see 67 16011011,
5. fiv «poo-13m 6M v (with 61
’
s)7 106701 611 naturally follows the
fam iliar 7 1067 01 611 111115111111 .
7 . W W W , trzjo up (cf.8 . 1101xdpt
‘ros : ab usivelanguage (7101607010) no t o nly pleased the
populace , b ut also gratified their whim s
and low tastes. A good exam ple o f
b o th 77007 1) and xdpcs is the scene in the
Assem b ly when the second em bassy te
AHMOZOENOYZ
( “ I 3
76769 176X61o s 17 11/1 956'
p0v 0wahha7 7671 61101° 816176p pao v 607 1.
10 11ai daa he'
a'
n po v 7 039 6’
Xflpo fg 61mp67 011117 0 11 10'00p116
'
1fvf C A C I I I
7 ; 7 1711 u1r6p 11710111 elop evo v 7 05111 170lt17 61160'0a 1 .Kai. 76 7 06 170X67161v ¢a116p169 01 11107101116
1 9 n A 0
(60001. <I> 1la 171rq1 86111011 71 611 , 01 yr) 1101 0600— 7 109 yap 011 ;A I I 3 I I A A
1107 0 7 779 1ra 7p1809 807 6 8 , 61 78016161706, 807 067 01 7 0117 0.
0hh’
6176181) 160116p 77817 7 0 110101 6060 1911770, X 6pp61ma'
o s
5 6170p0617 0, 617 1 7 7711 Arrumv 6’
170p61560'
av0pw1ro s, 0111167 611
7 0 17pay7107 7711 , 0901 611610 7 171161 176A671 09,
0 7 1 11611 17 161707 617p0£611 6176p 67101 11 06 3010 1101109 067 09
9. 0117 11107 0Mta7'r61u 1101 A 1 , Y , Q (yp). 10. 0161 Z, L .
1 8 8 . 4 . 6015x177 0 V6. 5. 67 01161560’611011. F, Q , 67 01161167 6 611011. 2
61 011. 601761 6. 611 om . Y . 611117 7 151161 (i .6. 6116107 . V6. 7. 7017 07
’A 1 . 067 01 2 , L, A 1 , B ; 067 00! vulg .
po rted in July 346B.C. , describ ed in xxx.
44—46. Dem o sthenes was insulted and
jcered at by Aeschines and Philocrates,to the delight o f the people : notice thesingle sarcastic rem ark o f Dem o sthenes
1102 611627-001 is to serve the
state as a patriot, oppo sed to 7 021 6x0pois
67 177067 067 7 0 7111700717 661.
1 8 9—1 5 8 . Next follows the ac
count o f the conduct o f Aeschines instirring up the Am phissian war in 339B.C. (See note 1 26 139144 are introducto ry, and 1 38, 159 are
a peroratio n .
1 8 8 . The first sentence depreciatesthe acts already m entio ned, done in tim e
o f nom inalpeace , to heighten the enor
m ity o f helping Philip in tim e o f war
cf. 667 6 06701“
7 067 0
1 . 1796 7 06 170t 1601169162 : thisim plies that the preceding peace was
really a state o f war. See xx . 19, ci¢’
is17116700: 01162716w éas, 027 6 7 067171 Gywy
’
067611 7 071611 6211 6703 01101. Cf. 0101 611163 inl. 4 .
3 . 11070. 1707 96802 : no t connected
in co nstruction with 66111611, b ut an independent exclam atio n , justifying the assertion in 66111611 11611 .4 . afteryou r 1 11130:
60d been openly seized (5 73) and tlce
rat/aging of Me CIterJonese was going on
fo r dacq -
ro see note o n g The
ravaging o f the Cherso nese was the out
rage o f m arching an arm y through the
Athenian territory there to enable his
fleet to pass the Hellespo nt fo r the siegeo f Perinthus witho ut m olestation fro m
the Athenians o n the sho re . See Schae
fer 11 . 499, 500, and H ist. 66 (end).The passage m ay refer also to the attack
o n the Cherso nese after the siege o f
Byzantium : H ist. 67 (end).
5. £171rrlv'
A‘l-u nlv h opcfid’
: Philip'saction at the Hellespo nt, if it had no t
b een checked, wo uld have opened the
way fo r him into Attica and the whole o f
Greece . Dem o sth . hadrepeatedlywarnedthe people o f this peril: even in the FirstPhilippic (35 1 B.C. ) he had said 1rd:
pip 11 1711 6116? t okeneiv 067 153,611066
’dwayxao flnd ye fla 7 007 0 1701
613 . See especially v1 . 35 (344Htihas' . 1107 0076! xtiptos ét l.
7 9711’A7 7 11r1
'
)11 6601? 7 137 61: “d on-611111)
0011 1161110: 767 0116, and further 7 01? 1 716:
rip “7 7 1117111 t oképov, 6: hvfl io a Exa
617616611 r ap-6, 7670116 6
’611 611611117
6116710. See
6. w fl ixa M m : cf. 6 60076:
1767161101 , 5 893. These wo rds end the
clause with
104 AHMOZOENOYZ
11 178611 7 029 171107 7 006101 ; 617’
611013 7 157’
6x0117’
67 11066311 11 1)
7 11111166111 170116. 7 0170’
67 600, i) 76 7 1311 6x0p6111 0'
v119'16'
p011
{717 013117 0 11 1) 956116111 eis 1160011 76. 7 0157 0111 6116151101 .HAp 0v11 o u8 6716
21611 , 160 176p cv8 67 11061611, 1311 116 6p
76000001 7 1 8601 11011611 , 0v 0v 11 1711 67 63001 . 1101
7 0 11611 0M 0 1101 66p6111 138151100, 019 60111611 , 1) 170m; 1101 17016111
0137 09 h0v01i116111 ' 611 8’
606fe1py1ia a7 o , a
'
118p6s‘
’
A017110201,
5 7 c 1ov7 o x1 0 1700 1 7 019 171107 6300151
“
6176017116 7 6h09 176p1 o v 7 avs‘
n ohho vs armham'
e ho’
yo vs, 7 0 7 1011 Ap¢10060111 [7 1011 o paw]
1 4 . 7 61160011 A 1 , Y .
§ 1 4 0. 2 . 11011611 2 ,L , B , F‘, Q‘ ; 11011611 v
’
ulg . (6116: A2).2 1, L ; 1111 611 681 2 2, vulg . 617 611: o m . B . 3. 1)61
'
1v000’E.
4 . 1101“ . h01101l116111 2 1 ; d” .Adrdavev Z’ L , vulg. 65611176007 0A2 .
2 , L, A 1 , F , 0 ; 01 611611. vulg . 6. A11¢1061011
o pwv] so West. Lips. Bl. o m . Y ; 1101 [£011v A 11 .
o r6114167 6110, 06667 61101 , andsim ilar expres talh)? The sins o f om ission ju stdescrib edsions, m ay stand em phatically, as ad set these o f co m m issio n in a stro nger
verb ial phrases , b efo re i n ), light.and in o ther cases where we a. 013 piv pq , why , nobody else
sim ply say both and, etc. could get a chance to talk !
See Plat. Theaet. 187 B, 61116 4 . 61 4619761007 0 : the idea o f addi
p67 , 6v0‘
1‘
v 067 6110, ii 615116001161 6 6px6 tion , which 617 ! (like ( 1161) expresses , is11600, 1) 177 7011 01110611600 61661101 6 117160111? further extended by 67 6071116 70101 , tapped
So 11. I II . 1 79, 6114167 611011 , 50
a1het’1s 7
’ 67 0061 111107 61161 7’alxunrflr. Cf.
I ] . W . 14 5, 0d. xv . 78 ; Aesch . 111 .
234 ; and b elow 5 In Englishthese expressio ns are usually included inour either or both. In such cases we
m ust no t ascrib e to the untm poralGreekinfinitives (here ypd¢61v and ¢ép6w) thedefin ite tim e which we are o bliged to givethem when we translate them b y finiteverb s . W ith dad-
71111 supply 177 , he was
10—14 . and
7 001170 are m u sh 7 060’
expresses
oppositio n, no t m ere addition . Fox (p.
1 49) thus states the dilem m a : Aeschineskonnte oder wollte m it ke inem Eintrageinkom m en.
5 n o . 066 «10
correspo nd to in po sitive expressions o f this k ind We canno t
express such negatives : the m eaning is,
a: he proposed no m eam res, so didhe
abstain from talhing (so neither did he
5 . 7 063 “W in Mm ,his m any
words, referring to the lo ng and b rilliantpassage (111 . 107
—1 29)inwhich Aeschinesdescrib es his do ings at Delph i when hestirred up the fatalAm phissian war. Cf.
Aeschyl. Ag. 1456, 1110 7 6: f on ds, 767
r ohhds illita 6Matw'
.
6. 7d 7611’
Ap¢wfl o v 86m m the
decree: (o f the Am phictyons) about the
Amphi m'
am, like 76Mm pém M ona,
the M egan'
an decree, Thuc. 1 . 140, called
in l. 1 39 76rep! Meyapém 41154110110 . So
7 067 11111 41194110110, xx. 1 r5 .- [76vAonpi v] :
the form s at o pol01 1 14 117062: (Aesch.
111 . 01 o pol (like 01
067701 o pol, Thuc. Ill.
and o pol 0! 1 14 1170621 (like o péiv
7 131 ib id. ) are alljustified (seeV6m el
’
s no te). V . retains the u s. text
here , b ut explains it as the genitive o f o !
01 o v . Two MSS . om it7 1311 o pwhr, which West. b rackets .
TIEPI TOY 2TE¢ANOY
816611011 867 71107 0 , 81007 7161w 7 151 77069 . 76 8’
06 7 01A I A
011 7011 60 7 1 . 1760611 06861707’
611 111511161 06 701161 17617p0y716'
va
00v7 1§°
06x 067 01 176M’
6p629 .
A 3 A AKahw 8 6110117 15011 671111111 , 0118p69
’
A07)110101 , 7 069 06069 1 4 1Q I Q I 3
0170117 09 1101 170009 0001 7 1711 xwpav 6x0v0 1 7 1711 A7 7 111n11 ,Q A A
1101 7611 A1r6t 7611 111501011 , 69 1707 7115169 60 7 1 7 77 176h61 , 110i.
0766x0001 7 0157 019, 66 dhn0fi 17p69 617170171 1 1cai.Q 9 A A
2 6117011 1103. 767 66069 611 7 01 8 10, 67 6 17 107 011 668011 7 0v7 011?.5 G P 4 5f A C I 8
7 011 [1 1071011 7 0v7 0v 7 o u 17710617107 09 0177 071611011 (67 110111 yap,
66061119 667 vx15011 8061101 11060 107 1705011 , ei 8617p69
0 i
A,
I 3
81 v 3 s I a I 1
an
ex p011 7) (61 0116111 109 1 109 611611 017 1011 7 0v70» d16v 17,
170117 0111 70111 0710100111 0111511177611 170116001 .A f I t AT1 0v11 7 0v7 61717p071101 1101 8167 6111071 1711 0v7 010 1 0 11108711119 ; 1 4 9
8. 170hh011 7 6 110266? (after 176067 ; 2 (7p), vulg. om .
2 , L1, A 1 , B , F . Ja b/q; (o r m) mss .
5 1 4 1 . 0761163 dv6p. vulg . 2 . 170117 09 Y . 5. 1101 767’ Z, L , 41 ;
1101 vulg . 7 067 011 A 1 7 0117 01'
(co rr. to 7 0117 0111) 2 . 7 . 660159 0. 8 . 61116110
L. As , O‘. 116 7 0 6004 1 V6.
7. 76 bu t in fact : this 7 6615, with (according to Athenian b elief). See
no co rrelative 7 6 71611, is com m on in
Plato , introducing an adversative state
m ent. See Apol. 2 3 A, 010117 01 Me m etvat
00¢6r 76 66 111116v7 61’
161. S0 Rep. 340 D
(end), 357 A . 7 01067 611 617 7 1, i. e . this
can not be done (the case is not of such a
nature, that referring to 111: 61007 116
01 10? 7 19 117063.
8. 1760611 ; cf. fink —61114611 : cf. Act.
Apost. xxii. 16, dr éhovo m 70: 0110117 1090011, wash away thy sins . Fo r the fo rm
o f 6171113061, see no te o n
5 1 4 1 . The solem n invocation in thischapter, res em bling tho se which b eginand end the exordium (fig 1 , calls
attentio n again to the gravity o f the
charge ab o ut to b e m ade, and to the
suprem e im po rtance o f the events whichled to the fatal issue o n the field o f
Chaero nea. He defends his invocationand his generalearnestness in 55 14 1
144 .
3 . 1707 11607 : Apollo was the paternalGod o f Athens, no t only as the great
Ionic divinity, but as the father o f Ion
Harpocr. under and Schol. onA1 . Av . 1707 7160; 66 7 111130111
'
A1767\
M1110 “0117 0300 6176! 6 wolf/10711 01
1 0177 001111 , 65 1 170701101109 1102 Kp606om
761 20190011 6761167 0. So in the Io n o f
Euripides.
4 . clfl qfii 611701111. 1101 6117011, lit. incase I should speah the truth to you now
and did speak it then on the spot : a
dou ble condition com b ining a future and
a past suppo sitio n (M .T. We
sho uld rather invert the o rder and say,
if 1 then spohe the truth and (sha11) speak
7 . 17961 l pnv,with a viewto enm itycf. in 58. M veutics, contentiousness (against
an enem y).9. dvévq
'rov : cf. xxx . 3 15, 1507 6 0116
7 117 07 6116711011 07 017 0111 621101 7 1311 07 0012311 .
5 1 4 3 . 1 . 617690001 : referring to thewhole invocation o f 5 1 4 1 , b ut especiallyto the intprecation in the last clause . 7 1
7 091"
67 157101101 ; is why have I m ade this
imprecation .7 while 7 ! 6167 617001711 067 111171
AHMOZGENOYZ
9 I 1 a 3 A I I Q Q A 1
07 1 yp0111107 ex1011 611 7 151 87771 00 110 1161116110, 65 1011 7 0117
617 686f 0001109, 1102 638169 70. 1761711070610 11 11 171101166
00117 09, 61161110 111078061101 , 7 17111 613113100116v 067 151"
1101117011C A f I Q I I Q
5 111706170107; 067 09 6607 7 11111 '
0176p 17p07 6p011 0 61167817, 07 6 7 0119
7 0X011710po v9 (111011609 61705770 611 0.170X6'
0001 70. 4166861 4 3 d.17a'
y-
y61fka 9 . 7611 ydp’
Ap.¢1f0077 17 191611011 , 81’
611 61’
s
17606 1101 81’
611 7511601) 7 17111 1 0161117 110vC Q 3 I C I f I177 611 1011 69 0170117 0.1167p61,l16 7 0 7 1011 EM 1711 1011 , 067 09 60 7 111
6 0vyxa7 00 x6vd009 11ai. 170117 1011 Gt? dwfip 1167 50 7 1011 0177 109
5 110111011 . 1101 767’
66069 810,1 0p7 vp0116‘11011 11ai. 3010117 09
A I I Q Q I
611 7 7) 611 101 170 10. 17 0h671 011 61 9 7 7711 A 7 7 1 11 7711 610 03161 9,
A i0x511 17, 176X611 011 o i. 611 1rapaI I 0 I Q I
1161706109 0 117 1100a 01 01111 611011 66716111 , 01 8 60011110C011
5 1 4 3 “3 61 " 2 , Ll, vulg . 3 . 111111001161500117 07 2 ,
<l> ; 4 150117 01 L .
4 . 60117 10"
(fo r 0117 45) A 1 . 5. 067 0: 6107 1 1011 2 , L ; 067 01 “07 7 1011hr ohn¢0fi vulg . ; V6.
5 1 4 8 . a.
’
E7\a7 1011 (1 ch . to 61)E. 6001 . A0. 61’
1611 O . 3 . 7 0 EXXh'W”M7 100? “A I 7 6rfiv
'
EhX. 011167 1161116 L . (07 111 (after 067 07) o m . L. 4 . 1107 0
0116110001 A I . 7 1311 1167 107 1011 vulg. ; 7 17111 om . E,L
,B
,F,
<l> . 5 . 110111011
7 67 67 6111 110: A 1 . 0. 610.110p7 11po v1161 011 O . 6. 67 617 B , F,<l> , 0; 61007 617
after r bheuov A2 .
0416611137 ; (ao r.)is why did I express myselfwith allthis vehem ent earnestness (relating to the whole passage from
0. 611 7 13firmed in thepublic record
qfite : this was in the 61177 1113011 (see Aesch .
m . 187, Paus. I . 3 ,
4 . i.e . lest Aesch . m aybe thought too sm all a m an to work so
5. 61769 17067 69011 m lflq this allusionto a form er tim e when Aesch . cau sed the
m in of the P hocians by bringing hom e
false reports, can refer o nly to the return
o f the second em b assy in 346 B.C. (see
311 This distinct statem ent that
Aesch . was then tho ught“to o insignifi
cant to do so m uch harm ,
”with the
apprehensio n that the court m ay m ake
the sam e m istake again in the present
case, is o ne o f the stro ngest co nfirm ationso f the Opinio n that the case againstAeschines really cam e to trial, that the
Speeches de Falsa Legatione were actuallyspo ken , and thatAeschines was acqu itted i. e . would not
b y a sm allm ajority. (See Essay IV . )g 1 4 8 . r. rdv iv
’
Ap¢(o1rn 16h
pov : fo r this and the seizure o f Elatea,
see 1 527and no te . The wo rds f or
’E7tdrew fo rm a dactylic hexam eter,
followed b y part o f ano ther ; b ut see
Blass’s no te .
a. fipfl q flyqnlv 83 , a m an was chosenleader, w/zo etc. (i. e . Philip): so West.
Bl. b rackets xat8c'
6» 5pm .
6. iv 11] h xkqo'iq, i. e . in the m eeting
in which Aesch. m ade his repo rt o f his
do ings in the Am phictyo nic Co uncil(H ist. —4 is fl iv
’
Am n iv : Dem o sth.
saw at once the fullm ean ing o f the Am
phictyo nic war, and knew that it m ust
end in b ringing Philip into Greece as
the Am phictyo nic general (see no te on
5
7 . those wlw sat
togztker by 1 q su m m ons , i . e . his r apé
AHMOZGENOYX
A l 9 f I A A
ry n ohew aM a. Kam ep aeh ws Kat. Rak e)? raw a'
rpar'
qywvA A Q A A
raw finere'
pwv fl o hepofivrwu afsrqa, 1517,
at’
rrov ro v
5 n ohe'
p o v Kai. raw Ana rchy pvptf’
En aaxe stand.
it
OUTG yapI A A f f V 3 3 I
efi‘qyero raw ex m s xwpas yeyvonevwv o v8ev our ewnyero
1 4 3 (51) e’
8eir’
at’
srq'
i fire 8’
0177" év rfi Gahafrm rdrc xperfrraw
ofir’
eis ripe’
Arrtm‘
)v éhfle'
lv 8vvarb g mire Gerrakéiv
dxoho vfiofiv m v [M ire 8 17,3d Su e'
vrwv '
crvve'
Bawe 8’
ain'
t?rgo n oltépq: xparo vvrt ro b s 61ro ¢ov081i1r00
'
wip ers e’
fevre'
pn ereA A A A
5 a'
rpar'
qyoits (e’
w yap rovré ye) airy 17) (Me et. rov rérro v Ka t.
5 . xpno'
réiv (fo r hpo rd'
w)V6. 6.
1 4 0. r.
om . Y . 3. re (fo r A 1 .
3 . “Mo s u m okqwfivrw : Chares andPhocion were the Athenian com m anders
at the b eginning o f the war, while Philipwas b esieging Byzantium . Chares wasm uch censured for inefficiency : fo r the
conflicting opinions concerning his m ilitary o perations, see H ist. 67 , no te 6.
Fo r Phocio n’s genem lship there is o nlypraise . But the operatio ns here m en
tio ned are probab ly those o f the later
part o f 340—339, when Philip was inScythia (H ist. 5 o f which we have
little info rm ation .
4 . im’
at’vrofi rot) «N W , i.e . by the
m ere state of war, as explained in lines5
Ana-raw: a state o f war naturally
enco uraged pirates and plunderers .
6. e lat riis x69“ ywvoplm : the
com m on rpéhmlas fo r ré‘
w lv rfi xtbpg7mm , caused by éffiyero . See
7 . «th is, with etc-
h ero .
5 1 4 0. a. mmGerraholdxohovdoi
‘
er mire Superior. Guei‘
er
Philip depended on Thessalian tro ops to
fill his arm y, b ut he wo uld have b eensatisfied with Thebes (under the circumstances)ifshehadm erelym adeno o b jectio nto his m arching thro ugh Boeo tia to attackAthens. There was pro bably a coolness
already b etween Theb es and Philip,which appears laterwhen Theb es refusedto attend the Am phictyon ic m eeting in
Goof-yen 2 .
r6re xpelrrwv 2 ,L, A 1 ; Kp. rére vulg . ; rbre om . A2 . 2 . awe?!
the autum n o f 339 B.C. (See Aesch . 111 .
See H ist. 5 70, fo r the relatio ns o fPhilip to Thessaly andThebes .
4 . dr own -Grim e? here relative, whilegenerally relative fo rm s with air and 60)r ore are indefinite . See ro bs 611-crow
rwaaofiv in vm . so , and 8rov Gnu-
ore
b een. in 2 1°(ab ove). See Kriiger,
5 50, 8, I6, fo r the article prefixed to
relative clauses used adjectively, ” as
here ; cf. xtx. 254 , robs olos ofiros M pé
6. 7 031! in apxévrav Can't-(po ts, of the
relative resou rces of each, i. e . o f his owninferiority in reso urces, especially in naval
power. Fo r a sim ilar use o f this vague
expression in a definite sense , see Thuc.
1. where Pericles Speaks o f the
com parative resources o f Athens and herenem ies : rd Gé rat? r ohépov xal rGw
éxarépa s brapxévrwv dis ot’
ur (1000 607 6710.tions».
5 1 4 7 . This is closely co nnected in
thought with the b eginn ing o f 5 145.
How, tho ught Philip, can I induce the
Thessalians and Thebans to jo in m e ?
He rem em b ered the ir zealin the Phocianwar: see xxx . 50, rois
f elon ; of: yap 56a! a0r60¢ 1 M)! 9 1164 201xalGerrahot. A new Sacredwar, o r anywar for the rights o f the Am phictyo nicCouncil, wo uld b e sure to ro use the irinterest again .
ilEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
A C I C I A Araw vn apxo vrwv exarepo u; xaxo n aeew . et prev o vv m s 1 4 7
e'
vex’
etxflpas f) rob s Gerraho iss‘ f) ro bs GnBa t
'
ovs
o'
vpm efflo r BaStew ed? 013861? fiyeiro npo a e'
few at’
sra'
iCA I I
ro v vovrr eav 8e ra g exewaw xowa g 1rpo¢aa ets haflaw
fiyepchv aipeflfi, figio v fihm lev rd. pew n apaxpofio'
ea'fla t rd. 5
SE n eiorew. rtf 05V ; e’
m xetpeif, oea'
o atrfl’
(its 65, n éhep o v
n oma a t ro se Kai. wept ripe t aiau rapaxwfwA 3 c I Q A I
a s yap ravr evflvs avro vs w ekapflauev avro v bend ed-flat .
5 3 . avar ewet As . obbéva (without 611 ) L, A 1 ; obbevdv 2 ; ob b b a a»
B, A s ; obbév'
69 V6; obbev iv vulg . iryei'
ro om . A 1 . rpoaéxew A 1 .
curv e 2 ; at’
m p" L
, vulg . ; abrq'
i Bk . 4 . ea» 2 , L ; iv vulg . 5 . npeOfit (ato ver 11) 2 ; alpeOfi (o ver 1111600) B . fihr tfer E, V6m . , West. , Bl. n apaxpobaaUOat
V6. 8 . adm in om . A 1 . at'
rroi}Bk . ; avroii Z ; abrot‘i L, vulg .
1 . cl. plu n m fl fflo t, i.e . if he weretojo in in an attempt to persuade them etc
o va im plies that he woulddependgreatlyo n the influence o f his friends in Theb esand Thessaly.
3 . 013863 fiyetro wpoeficw: I om ita.b efo re inei
'
ro , with L , A 1 , and m o st
recent edito rs , b ecause its insertio n is
acco unted for by the v . I. rpoo'éxew,
with which it would b e requ ired,
wh ile rpoaéfew dv wo uld b e a rare ex
pres sio n . (See M . T. 197 , The
sim ple rpoo éfew is also suppo rted b y the
following rapaxpobaeadat and f elo n y and
b y the infinitives in 148 . Fo r the co n
ditio nal fo rm s in this section and the
following , see note on g4 . li t u dpefifi, i. e . if he should adopt
(as his own) som e grounds com m on to both
7 7te bau s and Thessalians, on which he
m ight be cho sen general. See 1111 Was
‘I'
a s, opposed to rat’
A,u¢u rvom xds
(the realxowds), in 5 1581. The actual
result o f the schem e is seen in 15 1 , 151 .
5 . rd i.e . to succeed
som etim es by deception , som etim es by per
suasion . Fo r the tense o f the infinitivewith thr ift-1 , see M . T . 136.
6. Od o-M V i s (it, see how crajtily :
cf. g 1445.—4 6h |101v m afia
-
as (not iron)c u ), to get up a war, i.e . to get the
Am phictyons into a war.
7 . “iv Hulda» : the m eeting o f the
Am phictyonic Council was so called,
b ecause twice in each year (in the Springand the autum n) the Co uncilm et first at
Therm opylae in the sanctuary o fDem eter
Am phictyonis at Anthela, and afterwards
proceeded to Delphi, where the regular
sess io ns were held. See Hyper. Epitaph .
5 18, d¢utvobpevot yap bl: r o fi év ta vr o ii
els ri p t alav, Oewpol ya fiaorrat ride
611-
yaw with Hdt. vu . 100, and
Harpocr. under k at : Aesch . 1 11. 1 16,n opebeadat els Iltihas xal els Aeh¢obs e.»
rat‘
s rera'
yuévotsN ew , and Strab . p. 4 1 9
(o f Therm o pylae), A'
hwm'
po s lepbr, e» if:xard radar t alae avatar éréhow ol
“Wa rriors . Reco rds o f m eetings at
Delphi in the spring as well as the
autum n are found in inscriptio ns : see
C . I . Att. 11. No . 55 1 , a Aehpo‘
t‘
s, r vhalas
éapwas, andDittenb erger, Syll. Inscr. Gr. ,
No . 1851, £1 1 e drm os, lav Aehcpo
'
t‘
s,n u
halas brwpwfis. See Essay v .
8. «is would need
him for these, especially fo r the war, asthe only available com m ander.
5 1 4 8 . Having m ade up his m ind(1) that he m ust have the suppo rt o f
Theb es and Thessaly 1 45, and
(1 ) that he can secure this only by an
Am phictyonic war he now (3)determ ines to find so m e Athen ian to in
stigate the war, to disarm allsuspicio nin advance . Fo r this im portantwo rk heh ires Aeschines (5
AHMOZGENOYZ
A Q A 1 A 1
1 4 8 ei. prev rat'
vvv rovro 1) ro wn ap éavro v n eprrop evwv iepoyv‘
q
pévwv i) c v e’
xeivo v o vppdxwv eicn yyo irdrts, bumpers-ea t. rd
A Q I Inpa
'
yp. evomle Ka t. ro vs OnBatovs Ka t ro u s Gerralto vs‘ Ital.
Q
n afvras (pvhaffea'oa t, a v 8 Aoqva to g n Kai. n ap v v rwv
5 vrrevavrtfwv 6 ro vro n o rwv, evndpwe And ew an ep a vve'
B-
q.
o v8evo s Sem i); o bv ravr én oma ev ; pradovrat rovro vt .
I A ’
8\
A,
I Q
npo ecSoro s, oipac, ro npayp. cv e ¢v arro vro e, m a n ep8 c I I
ra ro cavra n ap vp uv ytyvea'flat, npofilmfletg w ho .
5 1 4 8 . 1 .
dbrov L . 1 .
4 . d'
r avras A 1 , B, Y .
1:6s As .
H 1 4 9 . 1 . 111769161 (om . A1 .
rofiro 2 , L , A t , 0 ; ro ii‘rov B, vulg .
elm o‘
t‘
ro A 1 , F (co rr. Y , m o st ed
¢vhd£e00a¢ E, L, A 1 , F, O ; ¢v7td$a00at A 1 , Y . 5 . cv
éavro v Z , vulg . avrov Belo'vrye
'
iro 2 , L, vulg . Vom .
t ap vuwv 0, F. 1rpoflhn0els beA1 .
n vha'
yopo s E"
r vha'
yopas E L, vulg . (see vom el'
s prolego m ena, p . xvi.
1 . lepopvqphw v : these were the
regular m em b ers o f the Am phictyo nicCo uncil, two from each o f the twelve
trib es . Otherdelegates , called r vltd'
yopot,
who hadthe right to speak in the Co uncilb ut had no vo tes, were cho sen by the
several states b elonging to these trib es .
Thus Athens in the spring o f 339 D. C.
sent her o ne Hiero m nem o n and three
Pylago ri. See H ist. 5 7 n, and Essay v .
1 . b alm ,his, fro m the o rato r’s po int
o f view, just after earn-08, his own , from
Philip’s : cf. X en. Mem . IV . 7 , 1 , r-
hv
éa vr o ii 7 11 16111111 dr e¢alvero rpos robs
hofivras ab s-1p"
.
W e3 .
theaOat.
4 . div 8' ’
A01|vaioe fi we have the
sam e antithesis here b etween ba n i and
the preceding -
yo‘
iro which we hadin 5 1 47 b etween (4) and el
s upr emo ; It is com m o nly assum ed
that Me with the sub junctive expresses
greater pro b ab ility or likeliho od that thesuppo sition m ay pro ve true than clwiththe optative ; and this do uble antithesisis o ften cited as a stro ng confirm atio n of
this view. It seem s to b e overloo ked
that all fo ur suppo sitions are in oratio
obliqua after past tenses, and (if we read
rpooéfetv witho ut a» in 5 14 73)would all
b e expressed in the oratio recta as
Philip conce ived them ) by sub junctives ,édv avp reldw, alpebéi, elmnrfirat, 1 0171111201
sub j . o f bit-6
fi, which would all b e retained if the
leading verb were present or future . If
then these fo rm s now show any inherentdistinction between sub j . and opt. as
regards pro bab ility, this has b een introduced by the orattb obligua after a past
tense . I have lo ng m aintained that in
such antitheses the sub junctive is a m o re
distinct and vivid fo rm than the optative .and is therefore chosen to express the
suppo sition which was upperm o st in the
m ind o f the one who m ade it. Herethe two sub junctives express the plans
which Philip had m ost at heart, and the
two optatives express the oppo site alter
natives. If his plans had failed, wecanno t suppo se that the m oods wo uld
have b een interchanged. We have a
som ewhat sim ilar case b elow in 1 7611 7
where the m o re vivid cl rpoatpwbaeoexpresses the supposition against whichthe speaker is especially eager to warn
his hearers , b utwhich pro ved to b e false ,while the weaker as: t etadfir
’
Gaol is
m ade less em phatic, tho ugh it refers to
what is desired and what actually o c
curred. See M .T . 44 7, 690 ; and no te
o n s 1 761 (b elow). I have no thing to
change in the views o f these passages
expressed in the Trans . o f the Am .
Philol. Assoc. for 1873 , pp. 7 1 , 71 , and
the Engl. Journ . of Philol. vol. v . No . 10,
p. 198.
1 4 9 . 3 . wpoflkqfids, nom inated
AHMOZOENOYZ
5 ofiro s npodsaa ifierac Xéywv o im q flfi. yva'
ia'
ea'ee 8
’
e’
xeiflev . aim évfiv d'
vev ro v npoa xalte’
a'
aa dat Swin o v rots
o po is Sim v xard rfis m itten»; rig ofiv inh ireva
'
ev npas a’
mo fro t'
as apx'
qs ; eirre ro v eisora , Seifo v .
am am : av exo cs, altha xevfi npo tpaa et Karexpéi
1 5 1 Ka t. illevSet. n epu o vrwv ro cvvv m v xa'
spav rwv Aptptxrvd v
Karol. rfiv vdrq'
yna'
tv rfiv rodrov , 7rpoa'
1rea'6vres o i. o po i.
p urpofi Kam xdvrta av a'
1ravras, rtvds as real. a'
vvrjpn atravribv iepopv
'
q vwv . dis 8’
a'
n af in rovrasv e’
yxhrjpara real.
5 ndhep o s npbs ro bs e’
rapafxdq, r?) név npéiro v
5 . oh ms 1111041 . Mywv 2 , L , A1 ; rpocp. our. My . A 1 ; 067 . My . rpop . B, vulg'
06701 om . Y . 7 11 160110001 2 . 6. npoxaMo'
ao flat A 1 , F, O, B (rpoa o ver rm ).7 . reMaaaOat 2 , L, A 1 ; avvrelt. B , vulg . 2 , L, A 1 . 1 , B , 0; vulg .
hard2 , L, B, vulg. ; e’
rlA 1 . 2 , 0 9. xatvfi1rpo¢. 2 , A 1 .
g 1 61 . 2 . ev¢1h mn v (ev co rr. to v) 2 . 3 . tu xpo i) 2 , L ; pascoou trh vulg.
xarnxb m aav dravras L , A 1 , 2 (corr. aravr . xarmr. vulg . 5. 1 14 100111
V6. érdxdn A 1
the lapse o f 140 years was, to say the
least, no t a friendly act, and it shows theb itter enm ity against Theb es which wasstill felt by Athens . Dem o sthenes doesno t seem to understand b y bixnv tira
‘
ybvrwv what Aesch ines m eans by elat
¢epov 867 1101. An intention to introducea decree wo uld no t need a prev io ussum m o ns, which btm v éndyew, and stillm o re 11m rehéaaab tu , to m ake a su it
ready for trial, would requ ire . It is
m o st likely that the cautio us languageo f Aeschines which now stands in his
speech (1 16) is no t what he actually usedin co urt. And the further rem ark o f
Dem o sthenes, 006’
a viiv 0131 -
0: 1'
lg'
erru , seem s to im ply that Aeschines hadtold a different sto ry ab out the intentionso f the Am phissians when he m ade his
repo rt o f the m eeting at Delphi (1 25)fro m thatwhich he told in co urt. It is
therefo re diflicult to judge the argum ent
o fDem osthenes abo ut the want o f a legal
sum m o ns. Certainly no sum m ons was
tho ught necessary when the Co uncila
few ho urs later vo ted to m ake a raidupon the new b u ildings o f the Am phissians at Cirrha b ut here there was no
pretence o f any judicialproceeding, b ut
only it r eplaces o f the sacredland r501,
which b ecam e a m o b .
8. wok e dpxfis ; from what
authority did the sum m ons com e 2 West.
quo tes with appro valWe il’s interpretatio n o f Girlr ota: dpxfis ; devant quelle
auto rité athénienne la citatio n fut- elle
no tifiée P” Witnesses to a sum m ons were
requ ired at Athens when the defendant
was in Attica. These were called uh )
rfipes, which sam e nam e was given to theo fficers o f the lawwho served a sum m o ns
o n persons outside o f Attica : see Ar. Av .
14 7, 14 22 . éxMrevo er (7) refers to the
act o f such an Am phictyonic felt-map.
Sstfiov : cf. beifov, xxxx. 4 1 . The com m a
m ust follow elbbra .
9. N'
o t’
m'
dv Execs : so 763
.
1 61 . 1 . wepudm v : cf. r epteM e'
tv ,
5 1 501. See Aesch . 1 1 2 , 1 23 .
3 . putpoo (M .T . alm ost, b e
lo ngs to xarnxbvrtaav : cf. Aesch . 1 1 3 ,
41! p i) é£e¢670nev, lw vvebo'am dr o
Mafia .
4 . (yahripara m b apdxflq we haven bhepov rapda
'
aetv, likeproeIia m iscere o r
confundere, Plat. Rep. 567 A, and b ath )para rapdfew, Plut. Them . 5 (BL).
ilEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
e I a A A a I V I e
o Korrvtpos avrwv rwv Aptdnxrvo vwv nyaye a'
rpartav' we
1 9
3 o i ptev o int nhdov, o i. 8’
éhflévreg o isSév én o io vv, eis r'iw
e’
n to iia'
av t aiav en i. rbv (Dihtm ro v 610139 fiyeptdv’
fiyo vo i. Karea xevaa pte
'
vo r Kai. ndha t n om po i réiv Gerrahéiv Kai.A 8
rmv e’
v ra ts ahha ts m ilieu Kai. 1rpo¢ofa ets evltéyo vs 1 523
ethfidea'
av 17 yap at’
sro its eia'
tpe'
petv Kai. fe'
vo vs rpe'
tpetvU A A A A
2 78 etpa o'
av 8etv Kat Cnp rovv rovs [M ] raura n owvvra s, i)’
xe1.vo v
e A
0I8
A
m\
A,
I 0 I
0s I
ru peto'
7 1. e1. ra. n o a. eyetv , ppe 17 yap ex ro vrwvC I fl 3 I
8I I
nyepuov . Ka t. ptera ravr evoewg vvap uv a vhhefas m u 5Q I A I
n apehfiwvc (as em m v K tppa tav, eppwo
'9a 1. (ppaa'
as'
n oM a
K tppaio rs Kai. o pois, rfiv Karahapflafvet. ei 1 5 3
7 . ol8’éhdbvres om . 2 1 (add. LI (add. 9. xarao xevaadaevoc V6.
1 62 . 5 . ebdéws E, L, A 1 . 2 ; ebflbs vulg . ; ev'
Oéws 6“Mirr orA 1 . 2 . 6. cup
pav Z , L‘ ; xtppalav xeppalav V6. eppGoOe Z . n ohkd¢pdaa 1 A 1 . 7 .
K tppalots vulg . xalo m . 2,L . A 1 . 1 . it ! r'hv O
‘.
6. b rnnbos : the president o f the
Co uncil, a Thessalian o f Pharsalus(Aesch .
7 . 0151: fiM ov e . g . Thebans and
Athen ians, and do ub tless o thers —«rimend ow : see Aesch . r29.
—ele fl iv hrs
(se . rd rpdyaara), tooh
m easu res at once , against the com ingm eeting (autum n o f to put things
(i. e . the war) in to the hands of P hilip as
com m ander. See 1x . 57 , 01 per Mi 13116:
iyor rd npdypara , ol8'
£7 1 é lktrw'
ov .
9 . at xarev xsvaaplvo t those
with whom arrangem ents had been m ade.
- 1rdMu wom pol: cf. 5 1587, b irdr oM t
’
év
xalr ovqpéir.
Dem o sthenes distinctly im plies that
Co ttyphns was m ade general at the
spring m eeting, b ut that, after a m ere
pretence o f war, intrigues at o nce b egan
fo r supe rseding him b y Philip at the
autum nal m eeting (cl: rtw ér to t’
io'av IIv
halav). Aeschines, o n the co ntrary,
who se whole o b ject is to show that a
real Am phictyonic war was intended,
with no help o r tho ught o f help fro m
Philip, and to represent Philip'
s final
appo intm ent as com m ander as a rem o te
aftertho ught, states that no action was
taken against the Am phissians in the
spring , b ut that a special m eeting wasG . D .
called b efo re the regular autum nal IIv
hala , to take such action At
this specialm eeting, which Athens and
Theb es refused to attend (Aesch . 1 26
Co ttyphus was chosen general
(acco rding to while Philip was“away o fl
'
in Scythia ”
; and after a
successful cam paign the Am phissians
were fined and the ir o ffending citizenswere b an ished. But they refused to
sub m it ; and finally , “ a lo ng tim e after
wards (t on g? p vq: Oarepov), a seco nd
expeditio n b ecam e necessary “after
Philip’s return from his Scythian expe
dition —he does no t even then saythat Philip was actually m ade general!
See H ist. 74—76.
1 62 . 2 . air-rode sledbpew 8611,they m ust them selves (ipso s) pay taxes,
etc.
3 . ii’
1te‘
iv0v alpetoflat : this alter
native was one o f the r po¢dacts edkoyot
fo r cho o s ing Philip.
6. «M 0611 (so . slow t é‘
w) : cf.
3—ipp60
‘0¢ t ” don e 1l'o bidding
m any farewells (a long adieu ) : so xtx .
1 48. Cf. lppwo'
o , vale .
7 .
’
Ehdretav : when Philip hadpassedTherm opylae, he hardly m ade a pretence
o f entering into the warwith Am phissa,
fo r which he was chosen com m ander ;
8
AHMOZOENOYZ
pév o bv pere'
v o'
av ebde’
wg, 619 ro iir’
eldo v, o i.
Kai. ptefl’
fipav e’
ye'
vovro , (Bo -
n ep xetpafppovs riv dwav ro iiro
npdypa eis 1'
7)v 1r6lttv eia e’
n ea e viiv 8e 76 y efaupv'
qs
s efl e'
o'
xo v at’
trbv éxeivo c, pdhttrra [shu ts av8pes A017va to t,eewv rtvo s evvo ia. 1rpo s vpas, eira p e
’
vro c, Ka t. 60'
o v xad’
ev
d pa , Kai. 81 e’
pte'
. 80; 8e’
rd. 86ypara raura. Kai. ro us
xp6vo vs e’
v exaa ra. n e'
rrpaxra t, iv ei81rre fihfxa npdypafl'
1 64 17 p tapa remain) rapdfaa'
avr'
q Swenv OUK e a mev . heye
rd 86ypara .
5 1 68 . 1 . 451504011 2 , L, A 1 ; ebObs B, vulg . 111: row 1116011 , 01 E,L, A 1 . 1 , <I>
(7p); om . B, vulg . 3 . 1101 (b efo re peO
’
) om . A 1 . 4 . 1 6y’2, U,
(D, F (co rr.
to rbre A 1 , B , Y ; rbre y ’vulg . ; rob
-
rd 7’A 1 . 5. abrbv o m . A 1 , B‘,
7 . rafira rddbyaara A1 . 9. rpdfada L .
5 1 64 . 1 . m t! héye A I .
and so o n appeared at the Pho cian town
o f Elatou, which com m anded the pass
into Bo eo tia and“the road to Athens.
"
This m o ve left no further do ub t as to his
real intentions. In 344 D.C. there had
b een a repo rt that Philip was ab o ut to
se ize and fo rtify Elatea, and thus threatenThebes : see Vt. 1 4 . Aeschines says (140)o f Philip’s sudden m o vem ent, rbv t bhep ov
bv rpbrepov éfflhao ev 4x r‘ijs xu
'
tpas rijsBoram
'
bv (t. e . the Pho cian war), roiirov
1't rdv abrdv r éhepov (i. e . a sim ilarsacred war) er ijye dtd rijs <I>wxl601 ér
’
abrds rds 9 11501 . As the spurious decree o f Dem o sthenes 18 1— 187) nolonger disturb s the chro nology, we see
that Philip m ust have b een m ade general
in the early autum n o f 339 B.C. , and
pro b ably se iz ed Elatea in the late autum n
or early winter ; so that the cam paignlasted ab o ut e ight or nine m o nths untilthe b attle o f Chaeronea in August o r
Septem b er 338 . A “winter b attle ”is
naturally m entio ned in The
startling efl'
ect o f the news from Elatea
at Athens is describ ed in 169 fl'
.
1 68 . 3 . M’
15115 11 41610117 0,joined
you . xrtpdppovs, lihe a winter
torrent m o st o f the rivers o f Greece are
nearly or qu ite dry the greater part o f
the year, and in the winte r and springare o ften filled b y rushing to rrents.
Many o f these , when dry, stillserve as
paths o ver the m o untain passe s. S im ilarsim ple com pariso ns are a
‘
iar ep vapor,188“(cf. vvxrliouru
’
n, ll. 1. 1501 1371
t vet'
iua , m ep dv elxaraxhwubr,g 6 confide om rrbs, 5 (See
Bl. )— d1rawroOro rd 11937410 : we m ightsay this whole thing , b ut with far lessdignity.4 . vim , as it was, in fact, oppo sed to
el aerév av cf. 5 —‘r6 1'
(film , for the m om ent.
firm . . 81. Cpl, lit. bu t besides, and
so far as depended on any one m an , also
through m e : the fo rm er 1102 connects
to elra . Dindorf, Viim el,
and Westerm ann understand pévrot m i,
50011 m ak ing the first xal=also,
which the seco nd m lm erely repeats .
7. 860: see no te o n - 861p.ara
rail-re. are Am phictyonic decrees ab o ut
the Am phissian attain—rods xptivovs
we see fro m 5 155m that this was an
o flicialstatem ent fro m the reco rds , show
ing that these decrees were passedwhen
Aeschines was r vkdyopo s.
9. r] M (M r): cf. xxx. 1 1 7, real
rafir’
{Myer 1) mapd xal deaebhs all-m
xe¢aM1 6&t s and xxx . 3 13 .
w ade" we sho uld naturally express
rapdiaaa b y the leading verb , and Glxqv
o bx lbm ev b y withou t being pun ished.
With rpdypara rapdlfao a cf. 5 15 1‘and
no te .
AHMOZOENOYZ
7 6V npaypai7wv, 767 081"
a nm y‘
EhhafSa xai 7 069 G‘
nfiaiovs
s Ka i. 177267 7 6211 , oirrexpiiwrero , 86 Kai. 7 029’
Ap
dum oa'
t 86fav7 a 1rpo orerro ce27 0 6 86 asboppais
Kai. 1rp0¢afa e¢s ain '
t?»770.720.0w ov'
ro s nu . hé-ye .
EHIZTOAH .
[Bao tM t‘
n Maxe86wo u (Din a-woe Helovrom o
'im v 7 021, iv 7 7?
a vppaxia 7 029 8277040007 029 xai 7 029 a vve’
8po c9 xai 7 029 allow
a uupdxom war n xaipew. 67 6282) o po i o i xaxo bp evm
xa7 0m 06v7 €9 év “M ic a -
g, wxnpp ek ofio'w 629 7 6iepbv 7 06
'
A776k
S Kwuc9 7 06 do Aeh¢029 xa i 7 27V iepdv xaipav 6px6pev0r. [ moi
6'
v
M M 7 060'
2, Bo blopa c 7 93 0603 ye0 imiiv 30170620 xa i dp bvaa'fla t
7 069 wapaBaivow d9 7 t 7631! iv rivepai'lrowet
’
za efio'
iv ' ii
a 7 s away-
mim e
7247 6. 7 03" bw1 m » 629 7 1‘
7v (DwxiSa , 6x0v7 69 67n 027wy bv finepéiv
7 s7 7 apcixovra , 7 06 in c-
7 077 09 “271169 Xqio v , 069 2574629 h oney , 86
to’
A017pazo " Boq8pom a'
ivo 9, (69 8é Kopivfiwt, r am ip o u . 7 029 86p i)o wawfiaam 7rav81m ei xpno
'ép efla [7 029 86 o'
vpfio iiXow fip2v
xecp e’
vom ] in igqp iow. eb7 vxeire. ]
1 5 7
‘
Opafl’
67 4. 056157 62 i8ia9 rrpo¢ofa ete, eis‘ 862 e I 9 c AAp¢uc7 vo vuca s «dampen/a . 7 29 o vv 0 7 av7 a a vp fl apa
a xevafa asI f f I I
0 7 a s 1rp0¢aa ei9 7 av7 0.9 618009 ; 7 t9
6 7631» xaxéiv 763V yeyevnpe’
vwv pdhm’
d in e s ; oix 067 09 ;f I V fl I C Q
5 pa) 7 0wvv M7 67 6, to Aflnvawi , wepu owes we ml)
5 . 0. 7 n d(fo r nowd)A2 . 7 . rpo¢dau s at’
rrqs f am iliar 06m :
fir L , rp. ai’
rrq'
i wom an Z1 (0670: i t 0676 b elow the line), <l> (7p) ; 1 0 1 0730800:
06703 fir atrrcp A t . 2 , rp. r apabovrm in ; 067 0: iv B , vulg .
5 1 68 . r. p.» afterM ervulg . 0m . 2 , L‘, A2 . 2 . r apao xwdo'
arA t
xarao xevdo'
as A2 . 5 . héyere o m . 231 (add. r eptbrres O‘.
5 . m ad : cf. xom lr 1 m m M : cf. Thuc. u .
—7 0t2 “tam , Am
phictyom'
t decrees, tl. 7 02: (8050 .
Cf. III . 14 , 7 6 r ote?» “their rd 7 6
865m m The older Athenian decrees
began with {bots rii 50076}are ! 7 92
r —irc takes refuge , oppo sedto ¢eh u (r), shuns : spielende Paro nom as ie . (BL)
3 .
061: b béaoyev 1rpb¢¢ww o baerlkarts
yevétrOat.
5. palMyers R eplacin g , do not go
about and tell—{NV has 630961 00, i.e .
by Ph ilip : cf. (is M p (o f Philip). xxx.
64 . Philip (he says) co uld never haveaccom plished his purpo se, had he no t
had such accom plices as Aeschines. No
tice the effective collocation in 2; EN :
4709421 00. (BL)
l'
lEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
e'
vbs 7 014187 0. 1re'
1ro v96v‘
Ekht‘
zs dvflpaln ov . 06x inf 61165 3our 157 6 WOM V Kai. n ompéiv 763V n ap
’
éKdO'
TOLQ, <6yi)Kai. 060i° m
'v sis 067 00'i, ei 7117861! ebhafinfie
'
wa a ilmeés 1 59
ei1re2v 8601, 015K 6Kv17'
0'
aqu’
67 017 6 Ico n/61: dhwrjpto v 7631:
dn ohwhérwv cindwwv ei1reiv, aivflpa'
m wv, 761 m v,
1r6kewv 6yap 76 n apa o xdw, 067 09 76311 4215127 101}a v
nanwu
90.14 1d .
1rp67 ii7'
s“amnesia ;
Evpfie'
fimre ro ivvv 7 0m 7fi9 1ra7pi809 7 067 91 1 30
0. 7 067 029 évawwtipevo sA Q i 3 I
wo v 7161» even u p euco 7 m 9
n m paype’
vwv 641117261119 eis
1re1r0hi7 evpat d¢2x0a 1°
a.
“
7 . n ? » om . 21 (add.
xalOeolE,vulg .
5 1 60. 1 . 0117 001 add. L’i 06762 607 17 vulg .
6 Q 3
o u 017019 1ro7 o vx ev0v9 080117 69 0.1reo'
7pa 5
«M71; 1r0h15 7 1. 0 167 09, (69 gam er) , 607 21) 1rap’
15 7 5) m i dkkoc 1rdv7 e2 (P?) late m g. 2 ; a? yfi
cl om . V6.
2 . “17 150109 (1 co rr. from 2 ; “M 7110!“
Ol (¢00pla (then-
15pm ! \Nest. , B] .4 . 067 03 -57 112 ,B , Y , O, Bk .
, D ind. , Lips . , Bl. 6.
5 1 60. 1 . 767 6 (fo r TOI’ITtp) V6.
b erm vulg .
5 1 60. t . pqfl v cbh fiqfl v-ra, with
2 . 1:0w6v u rn-rim , a com m on cu rse
and destroyer. An 61 17 757110: is a m an
who has sinned against the Gods and is
there b y under a curse , which curse he
transm its to o thers with who m he has to
do ; also an avenging divinity : cf. Aen .
11. 573, Tro iae et patriae eom m unis
Erin’s] : (o f Helen). See Andocides 1 .
1 30, 1 3 1 :'
I1rrbn xos iv 75data61 176711011 7pé¢e¢, 63 0157 06n ip 7 pd1re
{by 7641 viby 7 pé¢etr“Mp1” at
'
rrqii h pe¢¢r, 63 drartrpownvéxeb o u 767 t hot
’
irov, rhy o u tp atient , 76v
6110: Blow it arra. Dem o sthenes has
the wo rd also in x1x. 2 26, 7 02: Gi t-
mola r
1067 01: (of Aeschines and his party), and197, 7 131 0602s ixOpé
'
w, 7 6V dh m plwr’Ohw0£m . 1 140e is sim ilarly used inb oth senses : see b elow§ x1x . 305 ;
see also Aeschyl. Hum . 236, 66x00 be
t pwuo fis dhdoropa tone who has alreadyb een purified); Pers . 354 ,was s wam p
1) xaxbr balm» 7 0060. Aeschines twice
Murrow1:0w 2 ,vulg . ,
607 1» b efo re we Y .
3 . d¢ix0at 2 (corn ).
Viim . West. xaxwr om . L’,
trex’ i v 2 , L
55 1 60—3 3 6. The o rator nowpasses
to his own agency in o ppo sing the jo intplo t o fAeschines and Philip. See introducto ry no te o n 35 1 26—2 26. Afterspeaking o f the enm ity b etween Athensand Theb es, which m en like Aeschineshad enco uraged 160 he gives a
graphic acco unt o f the panic excited at
Athens by Philip’s se izure o f Elatea, and
(1 3 1 , 157)calls Dem o sthenes rip BAN JO!dh rflptos (see Blass).4 . 7 511“n ew trait-iv, of the harvest
of woes : witho ut “ v ,which m any
o m it, we sho uld have the com m o n sayingab o ut the harvest. Cic. Phil. 11. 22 . 55
perhaps suppo rts xaxfir : ut igitur insem inib us est causa arb o rum et stirpium ,
sic hu ius luctuo siasim i belli sem en tu
fuisti.
5 . Bv : o bject o f b o th 186m : and dr
eorpd¢n1 e z the latter b ecom es transitivein the passive , like ¢ofiéw, 8117 71170010, etc.
7. 1rp6 fl it M 1104“ i.e . so as to
co ncealthe truth from you .
AHMOZOENOYZ
I ’
A 8, v 3
é 8anova am s pa w'
7 a 07 1. ataxpo v 0 7 111 , 01 av pe9
5’
A017va201 , ei e’
yri) 76. gp'
ya 763V 151767) 116v
161 61re'
pewa , 1571 629 86 7 0159 h6y0v9 a 1’
n t2m dve'
fea fle . 6p6iv
yap e’
yrb Gnflaio vs 0705861»86real. 151767631: 7d. (Dalia-
17011
(ppo vo b vrwv Kai 8te¢0appévwv 1rap’
6xa7 e'
p019, 8 pév fludp¢0rép019 rfiofiepbv Kai ¢vhar69 fl oMfi9 76 76V
5 (Dihtm ro v e’
iiv abfévea fla i , 1rap0p6'
w7 a9 Kai. 01586 irafl'
311l I
¢vha7 7 0pev0v9, exflpav 8c Ka i. 7 0 1rp00'
lcpo vew ahhqhm s
drobaarre Y , 4' (corn ); 2 , L, B , vulg . ; dxoboare A 1 . 2 ; dxobere 0.
(See no te b elow. ) 5 . 1ia O .
5 1 61 . 2 . 0.
(fo r éiv) V6.
of the m anner in which he took advantageo f this em ergency to b ring Athens and
Theb es to a b etter understanding and
even to an alliance against the com m o n
enem y (55 168 Into this account
he introduces (55 189—2 10) a m ost elo
quent and earnest defence o f the wholeline o f policy in oppo sition to Philipwhich Athens had followed chiefly b yhis advice . He pleads that Athens, withher glo rio us traditions, could have takenno o ther co urse, even if she had seen the
fatal defeat at Chaeronea in advance .
This is the m osteloquentand im pass io nedpassage in the oration ; andit is addressedno t m erely to the court, b ut to the wholepeo ple and to future ages .
5 1 60. 4 . 611011012111 : this reading,though it has slight MS . authority, isnecessary here , with lvex'
b in E and L ,
unless we adm it lim bo-
ere div. o ften
has e fo r at o r at for e, from their identityin later pro nunciation : see 55
1 505,
5, 6. rdlpya n fl mh Mm : the actual
labo urs , co ntrasted with m erely listen ingto the account of them . Cf. 716701 and 76
Em a , Thuc. 1. 2 2 .
The o rato r introduces this continuationo f his political histo ry in an apologeticway, as in 5 1 10 he had left it do ub tful
whether he should speak at allo f these
later acts, 76 1467 107 0. r et pa‘
yuérwv.
7 d 7 00<l> . V6.
A2 , 0 (m g.<6 (7p) ; rparrbvrw L’, vulg .
3. 07107 01107 1» 2 , L1, A1
4 . 1 0h)“ 011A“ . V6. 5 . 6pav
Th is is a part o f the sk ilfuldevice b ywhich he divides the lo ng account o f his
public life , while at the sam e tim e he
rem inds the court that the b rilliant passage which follows is o ver and ab o ve
what is needed to defend Ctesiphon (see5 and asks the ir attention to it as aperso nalfavour to him self.5 1 61 . The o rator recurs to the eriti
calm om ent in the relatio ns o f Athensand Theb es, when b o th were asto unded
b y the sudden se izure o f Elatea, and the
great questio nwas whetherTheb es shouldjo in Philip against Athens o r Athensagainst the invader.
1 . 695 11 : with r apopéim s ¢v~
harrouévovr, andlxofl as (M . T .
2 . i 1r6 express
ing the ageno r by which the co nditiondescribed in rapopé
‘
wrar etc. was effected,as if the participles were passive .
3. nap’
inafi po te, i.e . in b o th Theb esand Athens. Fo rAthens the greatdangerwas that her old enm ity against Thebesm ight prevent her fro m tak ing the o nlysafe course , unio n with Theb es. Fo r
Philip’s way o f wo rk ing , in such cases,
see 561 . Dissen contrasts r ap’
éxarépois,
apud 11tro sque seo rsim , in each city , withdp¢orépots utrisque sim ul, both .
4 . appo sitive to the
om itted antecedent o f 6 which is theo b ject o f rapopé vras etc.
AHMOZGENOYX
s m ili eu; 0137 01 o vve'
xpo vo v, 160i ei npo efave'
ar
mpev
71 1 1172611 , 0158’
dvahafieiv 611 fi8v1e17'
07 m6v'
0177 01 7163011. fl ipper1rp01§yay0v 067 01 . 611 ois 8
’
167’
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7 0117 0116 76311 “411071027 0111 61101500117 69 110i 76311 cirro xpia'
ewv
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w.
1 64: ['
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7 09, 16071139 7rpv7 a v600150 179’
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86 110p062, xerpak a irp 86617 i’
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5 1rapai
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’
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0157 611 17p6'
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B00M 76p09
5 . rpoo efavéarmwv (rpo e co rr. to 1rpo 2 . 6. 066’ F . b o m . V6.
dvahaflei‘
v 2 , L1, A 1 ; dvakaflei
‘
v (o r 061-061) vulg . 7 . 067 01 . 2 (7 p), A 1 ;06701 7 1711 6x0p0v 2 , A2
, 0 (7p), B (7 p) ; 067 01. 7 6 1 7167 710 L3, Bk ; 7611 duh -"r ov 61)
(A o ver 611) L‘,w. 067 01 in m g . In m g . 2 :
“7 p 007 01 06x71: r bppw 7 710171 07 011
067 01'
06 rpoaypdcfiorres Exopav, 61: 621101. 76 1061700, 1rpor‘
rya'
yo11 06701 7611
“Mf r-
cv, dkk’
067 7106x0pav dis 1) 7pa¢'b 067 1; 6x61 .
”
8 . 7 067 0111 V6. 9.
hafldwom . A 1 ; A67 6 (alo ne)V6.
Fo r titles here and b efo re 5 165, 2 has WHQ IEMATA andWH<I>IEMA and b efo re
55 166and 167 AHOKPIZEIE twice (forAIIOKPIZ IE).
5 . clplu p utptlv, if we had not roused
ou rselves a little too soon (fo r the success
o f the plo t): 1441 11611 chiefly affects rp0
6. 121108086111, to recover (intrans . ) cf.
Plat. Rep. 467 B,1 0127001 1101 7 1711 dhknv
1 6A“! 6661107 011 dvakafie2v .—067 0 with
7. 7 906707011, carried it, i. e . the
quarrelwith Theb es . I follow 2 (7 p) inom itting 7 1111 Exam , though fo ra differentreaso n (see critical no te): 76
wo uld give the right sense , b ut no o b jectis needed.
8 . W m , 6.q
these docum ents were quo ted to show
the enm ity be tween Theb es and Athens
at the tim e o f Philip’s invasio n , the W¢lo 1107 0 were pro b ably Athenian decreesenacting m easures hostile to Thebes, andthe replies were rem onstrances o r retali
ato ry m easures o n the part o f Theb es.No thing co uld be m o re ab surd than the
two decrees against Philip and the two
letters o f Philip which appear in the text.
See where Philip is said to have
b een elated (6170110611) b y the decrees and
the replies, i. e . by the evidence o f ho stilitywhich they showed.
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY
ETEPON ‘I’Hd flEMA.
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AHOKP IEIE GHBAIOIE.
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’
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AHMOZGENOYZ
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’
01770 70] 01107 110107 07 0 .
¢
E0 71'6'
p0 716111
71071 1311 , 73116 8’
07 767171 11111 7 19 7 0179
5 108 . 1 . dhhflkovs Y . 4 . cup-11160061 7 0111 all Blm sl. ,
Dind. , V6m . ,West. , Lips , Bl. (See no te b elow. ) 67112111 (w. 17 o ver 6) F, V6.
5 . 611 cm . A 1 . 7 . 01776. 7 6. 01 07 11. vulg . 067076. o m . 2 1, L‘; 7 6. o m . L3 .
5 100. 1 . 07 7680111 0 ; 01 07 7 67lk1011 B.
5 108 . 1 . 057 11 : i. e . as the docu
m ents showed.
4 . ch 068'
011, i.e .
feeling 0101 u nder no possible circum
stances would Me TAebans and ou rselves
becom e harm onious : cup s-
1 6000117 0111 01represents The 1188 .
allhave 0007 1 60061 7 01 which Bekkerretains. There wo uld b e no m ore 0b
jection to the future participle with 011 ,representing the fut. indic. with 011,than to the latter, or to the fut. infin.
with It is generally allowed to stand
in Plat. Apol. 30 8 ; Dem . 111 . 70, and
x1x. 34 1 . But here it would represent
the future o ptative with fo r whichthere is no recogniz ed autho rity . Mo re
o ver, the future o f 7 11611 is not 17 116110111,
b u t 1 1 617007101 o r 7 116110007101, and thisshould b e decisive (see Veitch). See
M . T . 1 16; and for the repetition o f 011 ,1 7 3 .
6. 71 111710 0110700167 07 0 : see 1 16‘
and no te . Mo st MSS . give 0676 7 601 07110167 07 0 here, perhaps co rrectly .
1 110— 1 00. Here follows the
fam o us description o f the panic in Athenswhen the news o f the seizure o f Elatea
arrived, and of the m eeting o f the As
sem bly which was suddenly called to co nsider the alarm ing situatio n . This is a
celeb rated exam ple o f 6107 197 111019, vivid
delineation
g 100. 1 . The succession o f tenses,7711, 13116 (1104 cam e), and u reth ra
-
7 01 (thedirect fo rm fo r the indirect), m akes the
narrative lively and picturesque at the
outset. Much wo uld have b een lo st
if he had said fihde 8’117 76e 7 1 1
1119 1107 61k 1m 11£m elm—69 r pv-ri
va s : the m essage cam e to the Prytanes ,the fifty senato rs o f o ne o f the ten trib es,who fo r the ir term o f o ne - tenth o f the
year represented the autho rity of the
State . The ir o flice was the o r
17 11109, 11 ro und b u ilding with a cupola in
the d‘
yopd, adjo ining the Senate ho use andthe unrpq
'
iov with its record- o ffice . Therethe 617 1177 47 119 o f the Prytanes was ex
pected to spend his whule day and night
o f o ffice , with a third o fthe Prytanes whomhe had selected (Arist. Pol. Ath . so
as to b e accessib le in em ergencies likethe present ; and there the State pro videdm eals fo r allthe Prytanes . The 06A“ is
distinct from the ancient Prytaneum o r
AHMOZGENOYZ
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tim bryedav o i 1771117011619 70 17po 0171
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°
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I C A C v A S I 3
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(380-Sig“ ? WtiW GS‘
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ilt067“
vulg . 1 . 01317 039 A t .
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..
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fl
n 7 179 1707 711609 7 13 11017 73W 1762 (7 p), 41 (7p), Bk ., Bl. with 7 7511 . 0111115 in l l;
1
110111
87 07 pl609 W115 Vtim . 8. 11070 7 009 11611009 o m . V6. 9. 607 111 o m .
g 1 7 1 . 4 . 0I6’
67 1 2 ; 66010’ 67 1 L . vulg. fifloéh6006 Al, V6.
9. q pn‘r‘o'm 1101 7
'
nproeeed to business and pass a vote (7 p0
Bofihevpa).10. 01111 1100117 0, i.e . the peo ple in
the ir im patience were already seated in
the Pnyx : shows that the Assem blysat o n a hill, pro bably in the place
now known as the Pnyx . See xxv . 9and 00, 7011 05511011 619 7777 6110 1701011 0110
501116111 . Fo r the identity o f this fam o us
place , see Crow in Papers o f the Am erican Scho olat Athens, 111. pp. 005
— 260.
5 1 7 0. 1 . fihfiv 1)Souk ), i. e . when ,
after the adjo urnm ent o f the Senate ,the senato rs entered the Assem bly. The
com m o n reading 11013710611 wants the best
MS . autho rity.
a. 07 77v ole -
1111707 619 : the fiftyPrytanes were stillthe chie f m en in b o thSenate andAssem bly, tho ugh at this tim e
(certainly since 377 the duty o f
pres iding in b o th b odieswas given to nine
7 p666p01, who were cho sen b y lo t each
day from the senato rs o f the o ther n inetrib es by the 67 107 47 179 o f the Prytanes(Arist. Pol. Ath . The 7 716667101
had an 67 10707 179 o f the ir own , called
667 10707 171 7 6111 7 7006671017 (Aesch. Ill.
This is the o ffice held b y Dem o sthenes in
the last m eeting o f the Assem bly b efo rethe departure o f the second em bassy in346: see Aesch . Ill. 74 ; Hist. 38 .
7011 flaw-70 , the m essenger who had
b ro ught the news : cf. 5 085 .
3 . 7 69 0709166111 Wha m ; the regu
lar fo rm ula fo r o pen ing a deb ate : cf.
Aeschines (m . a and 4 ) lam entsthe om issio n o f the additio nalwo rds. 7 1271'
7 6p 7 67 7 1711011 7 0 67 17 7 67 0767 0111 1110 7 dk17
611 7167161 7 6311 dkhwr “0177 01107 , the Solonicform .
7 . 7011 lpoi'
wO’
épei‘
, Me 111011 to
speak (M . T . cf. 5
ITEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
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613867 0139 5
07110107 6p0 7 0117 0 , 11ai 613110119 7773
170h61 11ai 17hov0 iov9, o i 71670
7 0137 0 7 09 7161711131109 617 1800619 617 180117 69 1101 yap 61311010 1101
17h0117 111 7 0137 61701170011 . 60111611 , 611611109 0 1101po 9 1 7 9
1101 77 1771.6p0 116111 17 013 71011011 613110v 11 1101 17110110 1011 0118pf I A f A
61101161 , ahka 1101 170p17110ho v0171107 0 7 019 17p0y7100 111 660px179 ,110i 0 vhh6ho-y10716
'
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617p07 7 611 0<I>ih117 1709 11ai 7 13 fiovh07161109
°
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63
5177 011 1119 170ppa10611 617 171 611 1119, 0137 61 613110v9 1711 0137 61
10000 109, 0138611 710M 011 17716M 611 0 7 1 xp17 17016111 610600019 9 6 A v e 9 I e 9 9 9 I
o u8 1171 111 666111 0117178011116116111 . €¢GVQV 7 01111111 0117 09 611 611611177 1 7 3
7 77 1z771e'
pa 63
7 131 , 11ai.
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a 71.o u 8vo'
1311
611611 011011007 6 17p000x0117 69 7 011 1101311 , 61109 71611 , 111 6138177 6
07 1 7101109 7 11111 X670117 01 11 110i 170h17 6vo716'
110111 67101 7 1711 7 179
7 . 67 18186117 69 A2 . 8. 7 0137’V6.
5 1 7 2 . 3 . if 0px139 (repeated b efo re 2 , L , erased tn in E, in l. 3in L . 5 . L, A t 11177
'
vulg . 6. 7 6ppw0611 7 6pp. 67 1710 139L, vulg . 6! (b efo re 10110119) o m . B . 7 . 6106006 (01 ab o ve) 2 ; 6060001 0.
5 1 7 8 . 1 . L ; o m . O . 1 . 177109 (abo ve 6i9) B . 171109 0. 0110
(fo r 0 B. 3 . 7 p000'
x0117 69 0, B11 D ind., Lips . , Bl. ; 7 po0x607 69 Z, L ,
Viim West. 1rpoaéxov7 69 vulg .
g 1 7 1 . 5. 01 111101100 101 , Me Th u 8 (5 cf. 5 08
Hundred: see no te o n 5 7 0: 6137160179.
6. 0714167 690 see no te o n a. relative as o bj. o f
5 im perative , as we say 111111111 do at your
7 . 7 03
9 ”W e 617 1860619 , Me large peril. Fo r this in 0100’
8 87160011; and
eonln'
bzdions, m ade after the b attle o f sim ilar expressions, see M . T . 1 53 , and
Chaero nea. (H ist. g 116707 067 0 refers Po stgate in Trans . o fCam br. Philol. So c.
to the events which ended in that b attle . tn . 1 , pp . 50—55.
5 1 7 2 . 3 . 007117110X0110171167 0, one 3 . m oxém e 7 811 110011, attentively ,
who had followed the track of events . cf. anim um advertere .
See 11111 . 1 57 (end), and Ev . Luc. i . 3 4 . 1 did not desm my
1 0p17110hov0171167 1 011110611 7 60111 01170131139 post (f devotion to the state, i . e . I was
(with 0111110611 here cf. 7 0pp11106r in l. 6, never gu ilty o f 107 07 0510 here . Thisb elow). m ilitary figu re was a favourite o f De
7 . M N J ‘M OCM i. e . was none the m o sthenes . See 111 . 36, 1117 r apaxwpe‘
iv
m ore 1111e to kn ow. I retain 1'
7'
116M 611 7 779 7 0561119 1711 1371211 01 177167 01101 1779here and in 5 and 1111111 111 in 5 110701 17 011 (see Westerm ann
’
s no te) ; xv .
with the b est 1158 . and m o st edito rs . 3 1 , 33 (with the figure o ften repeated);Cf. t . 1 59, 013 0007 7107 60061» luckkov xxx. 9, 29 ; xxx. n o , k han
-61101 7 06
(so the b est MSSJ, lit. they were notgoing 611101011 The sam e figure is seen in
tojoin kin: (in that u se): so hoc facturi {fi refl y-
1711 (l. in 68177 0001 (5erant, nisi venisset (M . T . 6M fm (5 ééerafopéq 1317871 13716111
1 7 8 . 1 . 087 09, Mat m an , whom (5 and in 6667 0019, 11 m astering (as
AHMOZOENOYZ
5 et’
m oias raffw e’
v“rots Sa udis ovx ghtrro v, 6.t Kai héywv xai
ypd¢wv e’
fqraldpnv rd. 3e'
o v0’
vrrép vpé'
w e’
v at’
n'
o is “rots
dwfiepots, é're'
po v 83, 57 1. pm p dvakaia aw es xpdvo v fl owfl pos rd. ho ard. rfis m ic -
1’s wohcrefas Ea ea fl’
e’
p fl etpdrepm .
Elwov ro fvvv d' n“Tovs new (59 vrrapxdwwv 8 17,80.w (b thfm rw May Oopv
Bo vpe'
vo vs dyvo efv rd. napov'
ra wpdypafl’
flyovpav ev yap018 on , et
’
. rovfl’
o vrws e’
f v'
yxavev exau , o vx av avro v
5 fixavoyev e’
u Eha ‘rebg. avra , ahh e
’
m . rats nyere'
po cs opio cs‘
.
57 4. pe'
w o c Iv’
dram a“iro nic rd. e
’
v Ofifiacs fixes, cradx'
és
1 7 5 e’
m fa rapa t. dis 3’
3xet.”
3 v“raih'
a , dxova a‘re
'
po v . e’
xeivo s
50'
o i“) fl eia'
at xpn'
pao'
t. 8 17,80.w e’
fafl arfia a t e’
vfiv,
dwaw as et’
rrpe'
m o'
rav rank 8’
i f dpxfis dvflem xdras ain'
t};
5. éféhu rov V6. 6. inn-iv O. 8. rfis 67th ” r oht‘r. A2 ; rigwok . 0 ; ‘
rfir rah . V6.
1 7 4 . a. raw9 115d A2 , B (co rr. ¢lhwv Gflfialwv L ; Q tMr t tpMN» A l ;M aw t lf ‘
l‘
g) vulg . ; MAW om . 2 . 3 . 6’
(for yap)V6. 5 . rib M a A 1 .
6. r ouirm re 2 (at over L (re erased), 0. rd6» 9 17504 : 2 , A t, B (m g rd c'
v
Gnfialotr vulg . ; fi rm s (fo r Gimm e) (m y 2 ; m ore. (M y vu lg. , RI.
5 1 7 6. 3 . et’
n'
pérwrat Z , L‘ ; m’
rrpé‘irwe 0
o ftroo ps), a callfor (55 3 to’. Here
there is always an idea o f b eing cou nted
in o n o ne side o r the o ther o f som e co n
test.
See Jackso n’s no te o n com a in Trans .
o fCam b r. Philo l . Soc. I I . p . “5, where
he explains the word in Arist. P ol. I . 6
1 7) as“lo yalty, i. e . the willing
o b edience which an inferior renders to a
kind and co nsiderate superio r.
” He te
fers to X en . Oec . vu . 37, lx . 5, u , xxx.
5—8, xv . 5, Hdt. v . 24 , Po lus Pythag . in
Sto b . Flo r. lx. 54 olxerdr 66f or !
Gear-bras eflvo ta , Gerrard» 66 1 07 1 depi
r orras xabepovla, and o ther passages,
especially Arist. Eth . xx . 5 , 3, 4 , (5s
6’edvoca. bt
’dpe
'n
‘
w xal ér tetxeuiv rwa‘
ylvefl u , Gray‘
np M y]; xaM s rt: 1) dvdpei‘
os
if n rotoih ov . These exam ples show that
eflvota m ay m ean devotion b ased on anysuperio rity o r m erit, including loyalty o f
a su bject to a prince o r o f a servant to his
m aster (even o f a dog to his m istress),devotion to a b enefacto r, and even en
thusiasm for the success o f a contestant
in the gam es (fe lt even by a stranger).Ab o ve it m eans a go od citizen ’
s lo yaldevo tio n to the state .
5 . Myo v n jfirrro tépnv (see last no te),1 was fou nd ready (at m y po st), whenthe test cam e , speaking an d proposingm easu res . See West. and BI. Fo x
(p. 162) thinks that the m ilitary figu rem ay refer to the charge o f Miro
-
rosin
at Chaeronea, which Aeschines repeat
edly m akes against Dem o sthenes see
Aesch 1 51 , I 59. 1 75. 1 76. 244 . 253
7 . «N i: Cpl-
(m o s, far m ore
experienced for the fu ture in Me rollole
adm in istration of the slate (r oherelas).§1 7 4 . x. dr ov 811 : introducing a
direct quo tatio n (M .T.
a. «is (I’LM‘lr-tfl p, in tire belief (i n)(b at P / u
'
lip can depend on Me Thebans
cf. —Oopvfiovplvovs. dis
iu rbed: cf. Ooptifiov, 56. (va u x o uim m , i. e . to prepare
Theb es fo r his appearance there as a
friend : cf. et’
n pét w'
rat (i. e . evrper ei‘
s
r er olm at), 1 753.
AHMOZGENOYZ
1 7 7 Kai. rov idea-
7 17x67 0. xiv8vvov ‘
rfi m ixer. 81111 1506111 . fl f 0511
Mai. npéiro v pév rov n apdm"
éfl avefvat. (pdfio v, et‘ra
p era06'
0'0at. Kai. d dO 'Oa t adv-
m c vnep eqfiaicov'
110MBydp7631) cla w e
’
yyvre'
pw, Kai. npore'
po os airro is éa'
n v
5 6 mfvv o s' é
'
rretr’
e’
fekfldw as it) fihurig.im e
'
as 363501. avrovs e’
v 7 02g drrho cgv v A s e A x e e a s 0
0117 09 , wa 7 019 en 8 777804 9 (ppo vo vm f a vpe'rep ef to
'
o v
ye'
vqrat 70n appno td'Om wepi 7 5W Stxdwv, idovcrw (in ,
9 A A I I I Q
m m rep rats m ako va c (Du ran ce: m v n arptda wapea fl 1)BornI I I v A C N
1001700a v ants ev Eha'retqt, o vro) 7 019 W E): m s e
’
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aywm leaOa t Bo vhopevo cs wrapxefl'
vp ets sca t. 780170778 I 8 9 v A A
1 7 8 (7 67 sawu s err avrovs nerd. ravra. xetporom a at « hair»A A
861m . 11116078619, x04. 11011701 1 1. rovrovc xvpiovs p en}. ro w
to . 11? r bh“ xtvdw ov B.
5 1 7 7 . 1 .
0 (7p), A 1 ; iméiv V6; 0111. L, vu lg .
5 .
'
Ehevalra6e 2 ; L1 .
(corr. from by 8.
and pe r-
0060001
9. r apid-n ) i; A2 . 1 1 .
5 1 7 8 . 1 . ( chemo 0 (o nly in
10. fo r this o rder o f
wo rds see aao’; vm . u ,
xxx. 63, xxv . 40 ; and fo r the co m m o n
o rder 55 See West. , who
no tices die so passend gewiihlten Com
po sita,” (wear-171167 11 and Jed
-Adan ».
1 7 7 . 3 . p u b ic to tu rn abou t,
explained by ¢ofiei00at imép 9 175010111 .4 . siv and law-w are om itted b yWest. and Bl. , tho ugh they are found
in 2 . They are no t needed.
5 .
’
Ehm tvd8¢, to the plain o f
Eleusis, b ut no further, lest a friendlydem o nstration sho uld pass fo r a m enace
at Theb es ” (Sim cox). See no te o n
This was a co nvenient placefo r the arm y to encam p, and they wo u ldb e within an easy m arch o f The bes . The
m o untain ro ad to Thebes b y Phyle wasm ore direct, b u t ro ugher and with no
good cam ping place —f ouls lv flhutfa:
this term properly included all citiz ensb etween 18 and60 : see Arist. Pol. Ath.
rt06V Mm : rpu'
irov vu lg . a.
6. innit Ac .
rappwrdfeaOat 2 ,- a¢ b y co rr. from e (P), as in ér an i
‘
rat (a)“01700 2 , L, V6; eldddu vu lg . ; eloofiaw A 1 , Y ,
80170770177 6 2 ; o m . L . 1 2 .
66711 om V6. 4 . find, 2 ,
tom 2 ,<1) (7 p) ; caO
’A 1 ; cm . L
,vu lg .
7 . inch-
spa A 1 , 2
édr 2 , L : d: vu lg .
2 . turn). 1 6! V6.
4 2 , 4—6and 34
—37 . But tho se b etween
18 and 10 always rem ained at ho m e as
¢povpol; while tho se between 50 and 60were no t regularly called into serviceand served as h arm f ul
, o rpu blic arbiter:
(Arist. Pol. Ath. 53, 20 Here the
1000 lt r ei‘
rare excludedfrom 0! tr iyhucla.
See also Lycurg . 39 : al 8’
1 17:«m p h : 1 9? 661141 to 1 02: irrép r ernjxorraP m7 67 0t 11006t 60” , i.e . when the
news o f the defeat at Chaero nea cam e ,
showing that those abo ve fifty were no t
in the battle .
7. if (G ov, on an equality with Philip’sfriends.
9 . vote r emove s, to Mose wlto would
sell(conative): M .T . a5.
1 1 h dpxd’
Gra pes, you are readyat nand.
§ 1 7 8 . a. i.e .
to give the envoys (by decree ) co ncurrentauthority with the b o ard o f generals .
HEPI TOY ZTEQANOY 1 29
A A A A A
m pam'
ycov Ka t. ro v 1161's 861. e’
xew e Kai. m 9 e’
fd8o v .
V611 ehflwaw o i. rrpe
'
afiets eis 8 173811 9, m o s xpn'
a aaOatA 1 A A
u p npa'
ypart n apaww 7 01570) rrdvv rrpo a e'
xe'
re rdu vo vv . 5
pt?) 8620011 1. 8 1730. i a év (a io 'p s ydp 6 Ka tpos), 090V
e’
n awe’
hheo Oa t b y u ehedcocrw, die e’
xeivcov dv'
rcov
3 A s I A 9 0 Q Aer f o es ea
'
xa‘ro us, 1)w 3 apewo v 17
’
xew0¢. npo opwpe'
wov '
V 3 A A AW 7121) Se
'
fwwa t ravra Kai. 776000000 11) Kai. d.e O
288Bo vhoneo caper) Stmxnpe'
vm Kai. 7te npo axrjparo s dfio v 10
fl dhews‘ npdp ev, b y 3’
dpa a vpfifixararvxefv ,
3. be? fiablj‘
ew ixe’
iae 2, L, A 1 ex. be? 0 ; be? is . vu lg . 4 . m eande r.
2 , L, A 1 xprjaeaflacF, O ; m am as vulg . 5. r eputed; 7 0m 2 , L, B , V6 ; wim praptu re? rdvv vu lg. rpoaéaxere (a erased) 2 . 6. 2 (w. o ver at),L, F , Q , 0 ; be
‘
iade vu lg . 7. ér awm eaOat Z , L, F, Q ; ét awéhheade A 1 ;61 117 7 4 1 11006 vu lg . a» vu lg . éxelvw per A l tie 69 1 -1011 L .
8. e’
axdrotr 2 , L ; e’
o'
x. w wots vu lg . 1110101 2 , L1, Q ; exe
’
irocA 1 , B“; xelvwv L3 ;lxelrwv F, B‘. rb ”A hoy befo re r poopwpérm L,
vulg . o m . 2 ; after rpoop . 2 (7 p).10. fiavhépeda A 1 . 1 1 . dv 2 , L ; edv vu lg . 111176
3 . this questio n is m ade
a gen itive with 1 06. The sub ject o f
fiaatfew is the Athenian arm y(West. m akes it rpéafiets). The em b assypro b ab ly departed fo r Theb es at once , soas to lo se no tim e in securing the confidenceo f the Thebans ; b ut the arm y co uld no t
m arch further than Eleusis untilit wasinv ited by Theb es to cross her fro ntier.
This was done in due tim e after
nego tiatio ns at Theb es 2 1 1
To facilitate th is m o vem ent when the
sum m o ns sho u ld com e,the people were
ask ed to em power the em b assy at Theb es,in co ncurrence with the generals at
Eleus is, to order a m arch to Theb es at
any m om ent, and to decide allquestionsab o ut the m are/t itself (rijs éfbbov).
4 . M u d-0m f i n to m anage
Me (diplom atic) businessthis Special call for
clo se attention was m ade to excite the
audience with the expectation o f hearingjustwhat the em b assy was to ask o f the
Thebans, and to im press them the m o re
b y the unexpected answer, It'll 64520001
9 1780.t 11176611. It was indeed
heard o f thing fo r an em bassy to b e
sent to a sem i - ho stile state in such an
em ergency, with no dem ands o r even
G. D .
requests, b ut with an unco nditional o ffero f m ilitary he lp whenever it m ight beasked for. Aeschines does no t fai l to m is
represent this no b le act o f Dem o sthenes ,and to criticise the cou rse o f the em b assysee 111 . 145, ro flovhcw imwv 7676: r bhetosm i 19711 Gnuoxparlar dpbnv McM
pevos, x01 p en jveyxev etc Grifias els rip
Kabp elau .
8 . (also withon the ground thatwe foresee (the courseo f events) better than they (76mi nor isom itted with cf. 7 6 pi) 61
5
11000111
t poopt'
iv, Plat. Theaet. 166A .
9. (v’
13901 Swm ph o s, thatwe m ay(in that case) have accomplished what wewish : the perfect su b junctive here and in
l . 1 3 (fl r erpa‘
ypérov) expresses fu ture
perfect tim e , in co ntrast to the sim plefutu re tim e o f rpdfamev and é‘yxahiéo
'w
(M .T .
10. u pon-
xiipares, ground of action
111160n is what appears o n the o utside ,which m ay b e e ither m ere show or (ashere) an honest exhib ition of the truth .
Cf. the doub le m eaning of t pb¢aats,
grou nd of action or pretext ; and see
t pbdvpa and oxfiua in Plat. Rep . 365 C.
1 1 xurawxetv, to succeed( tr cruxe‘
ir,
acc. to BL, is no t elsewhere
AHMOI OENOYZ
e’
xeivo c pe‘v e
’
yxaltéio'w div n vim éfapaprd o w,
33 71173311 aiap v ran ewbv fl n efl paypévo v .
”
T067 0. Kai waparrltrjo ta. 7 067 019 sim bu Kare'
a . a'
vuc
fl a tvea'
afwwv 33 m in -
rov Kai 01,
186n eirr6vro s évavrio v 0138615A 7 V V
OUK £ 11101» pep f avro . o vu eypadsa 8s , ov8 eypatlra. pew o vu
I 3 I v I
errpeo fiev o'
a 86, ov8 ewpeo'
Bevo a pewo vx en em a. 3e Onfim o vs
5 dhlt 611-
0
(
7 179 dpxns axpt rijs rehev ‘
m s Stefijlt00v, seal3 con
e’
pavro v v 6. 11t sis rovs n epteq'
m x6ras‘ 176A€L ntv
vovs . 7101. (pipe 7 0 617610110 7 0 767 6 yer/6710 101) .
Kai'ro c. rive. Bodhet Aio '
xiv'
q, Kai. rive. e’
pavrbv éxeim v
n rxiyv A2 , F ; m l xararvxeir B (7p) xa'rarbxnr L
1 (w. 7 p drvxei‘
r ab ove), Bl
xararvxeuv L’. 1 2 . av
-rots E, L ; éav'rou vu lg . edr V6. ésapap
‘rdrwo'w 2 , L ;
ifaudprw uv vu lg . by?»Aa. 13. m 76é rar ewbr oom . V6.
1 7 0. 5. dpxfis 841i. m in -tow L, vulg . ; 61d 1 61m .» om . 2 1 . 6. 6112?
om . A 1 .
5 1 00. 1 . at L ; ac vulg. Ajax. A 1 .
fo und in classic writers ; b ut rarer-
m et
n av occurs in Arist. Pol. xv . (v 11.) 1 1 , 1 ,
in a sim ilar sense .
1 2 . rib-rots lym hiitrw, m ay have them
13 . fl m m yplvov see note on I. 9.
5 1 7 0. 1 . not raparkrjm : we
have here only a single passage o f what
m ust have b een o ne o f the m ost eloquentSpeeches o f Dem osthenes .
3 . 0611 11m a m ost
fam o us exam ple o fclim ax (d im , ladder),in which the antitheses o fair and bi givea wo nderful effect. Each o f the three
leading negatives (ot’ur, obb’
, o bb’
) introduces a pair o f clauses o f which the
second is negative, andwhich as a whole
it negatives. Thus the first mix negativesthe com po und idea, I spohe, but proposed
no m easu res ; then the po sitive conclusionthus attained, I did propose m easures , is
taken as an assum ption in the next step.
Witho ut the he lp o fMy and86the m ixtureo f negatives wou ld have m ade hope lessconfusio n . Qu intilian (1x. 3, 55) thustranslates the passage , skilfu lly usingqu idem for m and sed for 66: non en im
qu idem sed non ob i: legationem , nec obii
4 06: 1111186110113 : fo r the order see no te
on 5 1
7. 16 cf. Aesch.
111. a5, rplr 17rbs'
Hyr§poros vbpor 7 060004 ,and11 . 160, t oiov (1161407 )7 0 411011 1 arch ive s .
5 100. While the clerk is preparingto read the decree , the o rato r interruptshis argum ent and (as frequently happensin such cases) am uses the audience by a
few jo kes at his oppo nent’s expense .
1 . rive Wha m “; (M .T . whom
willyou that I shall suppose you , and
whom myself, to have been on that dayetrtu is im perfect infin itive (z ipaba)with00, which in this sense takes the infinitiveo f indirectdiscourse : cf. Aesch . 111. 163,
flobhet as 06 ¢ofln0irjvau We see from
Plat. Rep. 372 E, atfiobhwde x02¢Xeyual~
rower t bhw Ocu p-
tiarow , that flobhet or
fiabkeab e was the principal verb in thisconstruction, and no t parenthetical(likexehebere in elt wxehebere 0131: bp
'
ytei‘
aOe
Dem . lx. tho ugh it m ay have b een
the reverse when such expressions werefirst used. We have , in fact, a parataxiso f two independent sentences, no t yet
qu ite deve loped into a leading and a
dependent sentence, like cave facias,visne hoe videam us etc. So so on as the
1 8 1
132 AHMOZOENOY}:
fio flox 67161 86 ndvfl’
rrpo o fixe r6v 110v106rrparro v . he
'
ye r6 111154110716.
‘I’HQ IEMA AHMOEGENOTX.
[’
E7ri dpxovros Nava cxléovs, dwkijc n pvravevodaqc Aiavri8oc,A (I I I
o u tpodmpuo voc every 6m . 8exa , Amm o-Gem s Am mo
-devou t; Ha tam evs‘
elwev, 67reo8i7 CDL'
e ro s 6Maxe86vwv Ban k er)? 61! re re?
k v06roxpdvqo n apaBalm o v (pulvercu rcicye'yevnpévaca brq'
i o vvdrjxac5 7rp69 rbv
’
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dA A (I I I I
scar. r°im pel. 7m m . ro se Em a . vop oé
’
oneva elven 8txa ta , tealwok e“:
rrapacpeirao 068611 abrq'
i rrpom yfcodo a s‘
, revels 86 real 3101711050111
5 8I I s r A
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’
A017va.ico v, 6'
v re re}; 7m p6vro e’
vri v olt) 7rp06'
yec. ry'
j re Bic; Kai.
1 82 rg'
jcispdm rt'
zeal. «ydp
‘
EXXm/l8as Wbleos 199 e’
mpporipo vc wore?I
seal rdc woh trelac xarakvet, n ude 86 real. éfav8parro8o§6p evocxarao xdrrret, eis
‘
e’
viac 86real. civri'
E7\.X1jvow Bac ipovc xaro ucigeo7 f I 7 I 3 3 I h
em ra. tepa h as rovs racpo vs°errafyco v, av8eu akk orpoov 71
°
0c ovre
A A A I A A A
5 m 9 éavro v warpf8o s or’
ire ro v rpovrov, zeal. ry vvv adrgo rrapodagI I A A
rvxy xaraxopcoc xpa'
mevos‘
, éwok ekno'
p évoc éavro v fire 61: p txpo v
1 8 3 xa i ro i} rvxbvros ye'fyovev dvekvria
'
rco s Ital. 6019 p61) WO'
M L?
éé pa. wapa opodp evov adrbv Bapfiépovs xai 138509, brrewpflavevf 9
6Aarro v eiva t 6 0 Adnva iwv r6 eis‘ a brbv a pp eXeio davfl
111711 866pwv‘
EMuyvi8as 7r67Letc p61: bfipoé’
opévac, rds‘ 86river
5 o rcirovc 7 17 1105161109 , 8ew6v fiyeiral. elven zeal. 611651011 rijs ri m
7171076110111 865179 r6 weptopc'
iv ro be”
Ehhnvac xara8o vk0vp e’
vo vs .
A
1 84 8161 8686x001. rg'
jBovkfi seal. rc‘e
'
i rcp’
A017vab
oov, 6650.71.61»oI A A A
Ovo avras ro os° Oeo oc tealijpco o
'
c. xare'
xovo c. riju 1r67tw xai riyv
d(fo r baa)A 1 .9. 6’
dr awn. A 1 .
om . vu lg .
1 8 1—1 8 7 contain the spurio us de
cree o f Dem osthenes .
”Its date , the 16th
o f Scirophorion (June o r Ju ly), bro ughthope less confusion into the chro no logy ofthe u n paign b efore Chaeronea. See
Clinto n, Fast. Hellen . 11 . under 338 B.C.,
and his attem pt to reco ncile im po ssib ledates in Appendix XV I . The realdecree
was passed in the autum n or early wintero f 339
—338 B.C. , the year o f the Archon
Lysim achides . The style o f the docu
m ent is a ridiculo us parody o f that of
10. Grparrov om . Y . no t 2 , L , A 1
Dem osthenes (see 18a), and its lengthwas perhaps suggested b y the rem ark o f
Aeschines (111 . 100) o n ano ther decree o f
Dem o sthenes, vantage nap repov rfisLo rd Brougham
’s rem arks o n
this docum ent, written o f co urse in fu l lfaith in its genuineness, are now interest
ing . He says (p.
“The style of
this piece is fu l l o f dignity , and the dictionperfectly sim ple as well as chaste , withthe so lem nity o f a State paper, b utwitho ut the wordinels or technicality .
"
ITEPI TOY ZTEQANOY
xa'
ipa v ri7v'
A017va icov, reale’
v0vm 706vra 9 7 579 réiv vrpofybvwv ripe
-579,2 90
°treple eiov09 érro oofivro ri7v rciiv'
E7t7u§vcov e’
k evdepla v
pei'
v i)ri‘
7v i8iav n arpi8o , 8taxcala9 va i39 a éMcetv 6439 ri7v 06Aa rrav 5
zeal7 6v vadapxov dvarrk e'
iv e’
v769 t ciiv, ital76v o rparrrybv xal.
76v i'rrvrapxo v vre§d9 real. 577 77 11169 8vv6p et9
’
E7tev0'
iv68e
éfa'
q etv, rrép skal. 86 Ital. rrpéo'fiew 77p69 7 069 6X7to v9
”
EXXqvas,
vrpéiro v 86 rrcivrcov rrp69 OnBat'
o v9 816 76 éwvrcirro elva o 76v
(Dikwrrrov 7 179 6xeivwv xa'
spa 9 , rrapaxah ei'
v 86067 069 71.7786v xara 1 8 5
whwye'
vra 9 rbv (Dt'
Mrrrro v civréxeadac. 769 éavréiv xal rij9 réiv
dkk co v‘
Ekh jvwv atevdepim , xai 67 1. 6’
A977valcov 8177109, o b86v
pvna txaxéiv si’
rt rrpbrepovvye
'
vyo vev ct brptov m ik ea'
t rrp69
dk hrjk aa 3077017061 xal8vvafp e01 . real. xpijpaa'
t real. Bék ea'
e real. 5
677750 19, 67 1. 067 029 p6v 777169 ciXMjk om 8oap¢wfinreiv wepi7 579 h epo vim 060W
”
167097701. xakbv, 677686a’
hk ocfidk ov civdpa'
n rov
c’
t'
pxe00a t xal. rj'yepovfa9 cirro o '
repe'
io 'eat civciftov elva t. anal. 7 579rdiv
‘
Elhaivcov 865779 real7 579 réiv 7770076v ripe-1739 . 67 1 8606861 86
6.70.67 poo v rjoyeira o czvcu 6’
A077va t'
co v 8977409 76v enfiaicov 8r'
ip.ov
at’
ire 7 77 o m eveia067 6 7 48 6p o¢6kan civam pmjaxerat 86cal
réiv 77p076vcov rc'
iiv éavroii ei9 7 069 GqBalco v rrpo fy6v0v9 ebepfyealas
'
Ital. «ydp 7 069
'
Hparc7téo v9 wa2809 drro o repovp e'
vow 6776Helovrov 5
m aiwv 7 779 rrarpqzias dpxfis‘
narrjfyacyo v, 7 029 cirrho os xparijo
'
avres
7 069 civrtfia ivetv wetpcopévov9 7 029c
l‘ipaac7te'
ov9 6x76v019, zeal. 7 6v
Oi8irrovv xal. ro v9 per 61ceovo v’
exrreabvras vrre8efép e9a , xal"
erepa
2 9 1 770W inrdpxet ¢1M v0ponra xal. 6v8afa rrp69
81677670 0686viiv 677001 770157 01 6'
A077va ico v 8577109 rfiv q aiow re 1 8 7
real. 7 029 5W LQ"
M flU‘ o vmfiepbvrcov. 0vv0e'
0'01u 8677p69 067 069
avupaxiav Ital. e’
rrvyap iav rro ofia'
aada o xai6px0v9 801'
3va t xalM Be'
iv.
rrpe'
o fiewq oaeévm Anp0006v0v9 Haoavoe69,'
Trrepel8779 KM civ
8p0v 261157 7 109, Mv770°
10d8179’
Avrtqbcivov9 (Dpeéppto 9, Anp oxparrn 5
Ewcpfl o v <I>7tvev9, Kcikhawxpm Atari/ro v K00wxl8779. ]
A67 1) rcfiv rrepi. 8 177308 e’
ytyvero u payparwv 6px?) Kai. 1 88
scarab 1771167 17, 76. rovrcov ei9 6x0pav Kai Kai.
5 100. 1 . byl‘
yrero Y , Q ; 61 17 97 0 2 , L, A 1 ; 6767 117 0 vu lg .
5 1 8 8 . 1 . Awn x pérq, this was the b usiness in com ing to a settlem ent.
thefirst step tahen and thefirst settlem ent See Wei l’s no te xardoraacs est ici le
fi tted in ou r relations with Thebes : co ntraire de rapaxfl.
” Cf. xx. 1 1 , 67 43167)61 1
-were, if we take this rather than the 8'
1) etcOr 1’
7M e scatrdrpdyuar’
lxe‘
iva
Vu lg . e‘
yérero , refers to the progress o f car (after the ru le o f the Thirty),
AHMOZOENOYZ
tim o'
fl fav 76W m ihewv M ype'
vwv 6776 7 06m m . 7 0v7 0 76
1664310110. 76v 767 6 m ile . 7rep10'
7dv7 a mfv8vvo v n apehfletv
5 61706170 9 (Sa n ep ve'
qSo s . fiv p6v 7 0¢fvvv 7 0681Kafo v 7ro )uf7 o u
767 6 862611 1 m ic -w, cf 7 1 7 067 wv eixev dp ewo v , pm) vfivfl C I
e1n 7 1pav . 6y6.p a'
vpfiovho s‘
m u 0 a vk odravm s, 0v8e 7 m v
ahhwv 0686v 601K07 e9, c’
v 7 067 10 17h61<r7 0v alh'
qhm v 816466
pavo'
1v 6 h e’
v ye 17p67 m v rrpaypd7wv yva'
rp‘
qv 6.770¢a1v67 a 1 ,Kai. 1
'
8100'
1v 60.676v {177 560v 7 029 77 5 100620 1 , 75 76x11, " P
4 . 7 6! 7 6111177697 6. rfir bhec B . 7 00611 A t .
5 1 80. t . 06862 ,L (7p) 0680 1 2 (7 p), Al
' év 068evi L,vu lg. a. 06861'
(b efo re (011167 1 7) vu lg . , om . O ovaem o r ovbev 2 1 (now nearly o b literated).ye Z ; 1167 yap L , vu lg . 4 . éav76v 2 , L , A l 667 6: vu lg . 7 1p 1:m 23, L ;7 02: itaas vu lg .
and Ar. Ran . IOO3 , fil’a. 7 6 r veilua
ke'
lav m l kdflm . Herm ogenes,r epl 1666? t. 9 (111 . p. 2 47 quo tes
this passage and 06MO019 erelxwa
as instances o f 81 667 047 19 and avalpen s, with the rem ark , 8M ”8676. 60'v
clan-
76110 11, elpaxp6ch; 76. nam e , r ote?
hau7 p6' 7 611 Myov, 7 a'
1'
s évvolacs 116:
pai‘
os i .
4 . M 01“dam p 144109, to pass by
suddenly breaks o f? his narrative o f the
nego tiation with Theb es, and digresses
into a m o st eloquentdefence o f the po l icyo f Athens in resisting Phil ip, and o f his
own co nduct as her respo nsib le leader.
See no te o n 160—2 26.
1 80. r. n ippwkos, statesm an .
w xodnim : no m odern wo rd, least of
allthe English sycophant, gives the fu llm eaning o f this expressive term , tho ugh
like a cloud, o r to van ish like a passingcloud. The sim plicity o f this sim ile wasm uch adm ired by the Greek rheto ricians,who quote it nine tim es (see Spengel
’s
index). See Lo nginus on the Sub lim e, 39,4 :Wnkév ye 7 0670 80x11
“vbmsa, (67 1
7 g? 6rm 011611661011, 6 ”woman 6A7;
poodévns 7 133 81avolar06x Gha7 7 ov 7fi dppovlg r epa
i
rm an He
then discourses on the fatal effect whichwou ld resu lt from a change in the order
o f the words, o r from the o m ission or
addition o f a single syllab le (as (in vé¢os
or dio r ap el vé¢0s), tho ugh the sense
wou ld no t b e changed: 7 6 667 6 m antra ,
06 76 1167686 £7 1 sum ac. Herm ogenesr epl£13e (111 . p. 367 W . ) censures the
introduction o f 761rp6 7 067 1»
b etween this clause and the precedingwhich, he says, 816x01 4 xal
67 7 W 67 017)c a67 6v (i. e . 7 6v A67 ” ) spam?vat haprpbv.
6. 7 067 010, i.e . than my m easures.
In the last sentence o f 5 188, the o rato r
b e seen .
the sam e co m b ination o f m alicio us info rm er, dirty pettifogger, com m on slan
derer and b ackb iter, is unhappily stil l toPlutarch (Dem . 14) quo tes a
reply o fDem o sthenes to the people whenthey urged him to undertake a certainpro secutio n 61162: 65101. .avufioflhq: 1161s
x12! pt?) Oékm e M am as, cvx0¢dv7 p 86
066’
Oéh rre . The wo rd m ust have
referred o riginally to the petty form o f
prosecutio n fo r vio lation o f the revenue
laws known as fl ats, in which half o fthe penalty went to the inform er. See
Ar. Eq. 300: rat 0'
s ¢alvw 7 029 1'
dveatv d8exa7 e670vs 7 1
'
6v 0666! Exom
m as. The re lation o f the word to
oth er is very do ub tfu l . Perhaps the insignificance o f a fig as the basis o f a
pro cess at law m ay have suggested avro
as 176m M m e : seeW as xvvt810v
2 11114511011 , Ar. Ach. s4 e .
4 . W ow, responsible in the fu l lAttic sense , e . g . liab le to the 760m m and
to the ypacp'b rapavo
'
nwv.
AHMOZOENOYZ
3 I I Q 3 3 A 3 A I
e11re 7 19 17 6oyo s, 0v7 1v expnv ev170pe1v, 17 o vmhepm v617
’
61106176pe6e£¢017 rfi 1766e1 ; 7 1'
s 86a vppaxia , 7 59 17p6£19,e’
ch’
fizz 1166606 e8e1 p. 6y6ye2v 7 067 06176;’
A6661161! 7 0 11611 176pe61766069 dei 176p6 17617 11! 64>e27 61 ,3 I I 3 A I
x6 1 ov8e19 1rep1 7 067 06 171107 10176 11, 06861106 3066171” 7 0 8eA I I 3 a I
1166601! 7) 7 0 176po v m y 7 06 6 611306606 7 66111 a1ra17 e1 . 7 07 e
I C 3 I I! G 3
7 01.v 7 6 pew np e66ev, we e8o l1'e1, 7 10V 8e1vwv, 7 6 8 “
081;s fl apfiv, 66 o f; rhu 17p061fpe0
'iv po v 6 116176 7 179 17061766 9,
117) 76 0"
v d 17 611096616 6 . 76 p61: y6p 1re'
pas 169 61:
6 866111011 Bov6n0fi 176m m ! y1'
yve7 61° f; 8617p061fpe0
'
1s‘
667 1)19 3 76v 7 06 17 611306606 817603. 11 1) 8167 060
'
(69 685111711,
0269, e1 xp6m 0'
61 <I> 161171rcp m 66x?) 611 y6p7 91 flew 76 7 067 06 7 e609 nu , 0611 61101 . 666 169 c6x (MTG-W C.
017 6 1167 6v0pw17 1vo v 60y10'
p16v 66661111, 1161 81 116 1109fl 3 R Q I C I
5 7 6676 116 1 e17 111e6109 e17p6£6 x6 1 ¢16o1rov v17ep 8vvap1w,
7. efrt opci‘
r 2 ; 1611127 vu lg . 7 11 A1 . 9. 1156607 0m . Y .
5 108 . 1 . t ap’67 6617 A 1 r epl1 M " L. a. 67 611 700706 V6. 7 11067 !
017617 V6. 76, 7 c 1166607 (61 over 7 1 ) 2 . 3. 7 1155111 A2 . 4 . 6111660 1155 .
6. 66118617 6 2 , L, B’, A 1 611115617 07 7 6 vu lg . 7 . 667 11 2 ; 667-
1) vu lg5 108 . a. 7fi 116m) 2 , L, F, B (0077 . A I . 2 ; 7 h! pa
'
xnr vu lg .
6110! E, L ; 0611 Jr 6110! vu lg .
8. vii6666 : o ften taken with W I!“par (see Bl. b etter with rape6el¢0m as
in 5 drw6e7 0 761 661 1.
9. rather than to m y own .
5 108 . 64167 6 1 (gnom ic), dir
m e'
rred from consideration.
3. i. e . the statesm an at
his past: 76£1r keeps up the m ilitaryfigure o f 5 appli
cation o f the generalprinciple to the casein hand ; 7 6 1167 13111660 referring to
Chaeronea and its results, 7 6 6’
161,u pfiv to Philip’s presence at Einten.
Tho ugh these are now past, they werethen fu ture and present.
5. see note on 5 1905.
rpoalpecu im plies the deliberate cho ice o fa po licy which a statesm an shou ld m ake
here and in 76 60115667 6 crusad e-
re: we
have again the 6611806601 and the 66110
¢dvfi ncontrasted. Fo rthe precise m ean
ing o f rpoalpecm , see Arist. Eth . 111 . 0
(especially 5 N’306 7 6 76 7 M :
fiov6ew1£ror (se . 7 6 rpoa1pe7 6r); 6ydprpodpeo
'
u 1107 6661 00 1161 6167 0611 . 61 0
n palvew 8’(01111 1161 7 007 0“ 1111 Br t pb
é7 £pou alpsr br. Dissen quo tes B iod.
xl. 1 1 o n the heroes o f Therm opylaem 169 0611 £11 61 07 e6e61167wr epi
rew 7 061 6760063 67 6116: 666’
611
rpm péa'
em 7 061169 yap 7 6x11 t upla , 7 00
5b 7 9 Os, " ”74600 cf. 1 6pm and 80111107
in 5 1 91° 7
. See 11. V" . 101 , fir ep
0ev vim ): r elpar'lxorrm 67 6067670101
3 . 0611 lpo i: m any M 55 . have 67 incl.
5. 61601 61103 6t h.) 86mm” , i.e . with
greater labour than my strength war
ranted: cf. 55
"EPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
i) «39 Kahd Kai 769 m ikews‘ dfta wpdypara éveam adpnvI , ”A A I
Kai dvayxara , 7 0.d [.LOL Set. o v, Kai. 7 07 xam yopet pov .
si. 8’
6 a vpflds am m bs [17 xetpwv] pm pévo v fipéiv M d.A I
Kai wafwwv raw a'
hhwv‘
Ehhvjvwv yello w yéyo ve , n xpr,A Q I f I
1ro cew ; wo wep av a. vavxknpo v em . G rum ptq.e e A s a 0 c I
npafawa , Kat xaraa xevaa awa. ro n ho ro v ad) awwrehapflavea wflvja ea flat, el'ra xerpéim q adp evo v Kai. n om adwwv 5
ain '
t? 76v m eevéiv i) xai c urrprfie'
wwv 6s , Ti}; vav iag
a irtéfl o .
6. tbs om . O .
5 104 . r.
t'
mc'
iwF. a. t rifl e» o m . A l5 . w iper» xal¢0apév
6. hm u’
pqv, undertook (instituted):cf.
7 . ital dn yntcfia , and necessary too ,
added after the verb fo r em phasis . Blassrem arks that the o rator has no t yet at
tained the height from which he speaksin fig 199 if.
I“ . I . 0'
s [iixetmlw] : m ost
recent edito rs om itiixem t‘
w o n the gro und
that the o rato r, after co m paring the sud
den raid o f Philip to a thunderb o lt, wo u ldn o t weaken his figure b y adding a co m
m o n sto rm . This ho lds go od even when
we adm it that xem év and anrrrér are
no t the sam e thing ; andthis is plain fro mVoem el
’
s no te . Aristo tle (de Mundo , 4 ,
after describ ing xepauvés, rpmrfl jp,and rv , adds Gxaa
'
ror 66 7 0611» k ara
an'
N/av ctr r'bv 7 57 a xnr r b s dvouéferat.
am r rér, therefo re, is no t o nly a rtrohe ofIeghtning , b ut also a fu riou s thu nder
storm while xemdwis winter, a winter.rtorm , o r a storm in general . Perhapsif xequbr here was o riginally a m arginalreference to xeuub
'
m m ariner”
2 . f lxpi)w utv (se . finds), what oughtwe to do ? Blass andWesterm ann under
stand, as the suppressed reply, “No thingat all: least o f allb lam e o ur leaders .
But I think a m uch m o re precise answer
is given in the two fo llowing sentences .
The sense is What are we to do ?
We are to do just what a vaflxkqpo s
wou lddo if any one were to b lam e him ,
17 xemdwMSS . , Vom ., Bl . om . Bk Dind. , Lips .
g ator Y .
m l(after 17) om . V6.
A Q Q
a’
MU0131" éxvfie’
pvwv ni
p) wavy , (pria a ev av (wa n-
6p
uévw O .
4 . m lm in vu lg . ; m t om . E, L‘.
etc. He wo uld say‘ I was no t xvfiepnj
m s,’ just as I can say
‘No m o re was
I The apodo sis to el
atrcéro be ing suppressed (except do ),its sub ject vaflxknpos appears in the pro
tas is as vat’oxhnpor, and the im plied (501 65)
(iv vaéxknpos t at-haste? appears in M um
(b (7)with its quo tation , (DOVoth’éxvflép
ran t-w. M43» (1) and £160 (8)show that the o rato r identifies the peoplewith him se lf in the co m parison with rat?
kknpor.
3 . n fixhqpov, properly a rt oum er,
who sai ls in his own ship (as (pr oper),b ut generally em plo ys a xvfiqm jrm o r
sailing- m aster to navigate the ship. In
Plato ’s fam o us figure o f the ship o f State
(Rep. VI . p. the vatixknpos is the
honest old m an Ai‘
mor Ilvn ln n, who
knows little o f navigation , and is no t
skilfu l eno ugh to keep a pro fessionalsailing - m aster in autho rity, and so o n letsthe co m m and o f the ship fall into the
hands o f the m o st artfu l andunscrupu louslandsm en on b oard.
5. xu pa'
iw. W M ” : the m ax"
pos is said to have m et with a storm .
fi n d wo v m m x'
iv, when his tacklinglabou red (as we speak o f a ship as labou r
ing in a heavy sea). But Blass quo tes¢tdkat t er ovmtoraq i) from a De lianinscriptio n (Dittenberger, Syll . No . 367,
in suppo rt o f the m eaning was
AHMOZOENOYZ
068’
éo '
rparrjyo vv 067 6 “His n ixns m fpto s 1311 , 0303
éxeiw) 76u a a’
wwv . 0303 e’
xe'
ivo hoi o v Kai 6pa°
ci pert}.
GqBaiwv fipiv dym ope'
x/o cs eipap‘
ro upafa t, ri xpfiv
mace-Sandy ei 7117783 rouro vs Eaxopev a vppafxo vs a
’
JOm‘
t
Mm rcp 61rép 015 761"
éxeivo s M id as ciq ce
Sq uais ; Kai. si. ufiv rptéiv fipepéiv da b 769’
A1'rtxijs 686V m s
péx‘
qs yer/operas 7 000137 09 xiv3vvo s Kai. (pdflo s‘ wepte
'
am
m ihw, 11? av, ei u o v rfis‘
xa'
spas‘
rat’
rro 7 09 m waffle s aw e'
Bn,
upoaSo xfio'
atxpfiv cip’
0309 611 . viiv pév m fivat, a vvekfleiv,
8. 0663 (fo r 0611 ) Y .
5 106. 2 . m it 6713010» Y .
(an ; o ver axe) B. 7 .
xpfiv f , Markland m 2 , L, vu
5. du b 7 8: 1 7 7 . 686V 2 , A1 ; 686V du b n’
is Arr . vu lg .
6.‘
yevouém s E, L , At . a ; m em aém s vu lg .
r ov r hnalov‘rfis xd’pas A l .
Ti): swim om V
roaoiiro L1 . r eptéaxe
A t . 8 . 0100’
L, V6; otaoa At ; oIaOe Y olfaO’E, O , in oteafle vu lg .
s 106. 2 . TCxpfiv « poo-Sexi st ; this
apodo sis (like the sim ilar o ne in l ines 7,8) has two pro tases, o ne sim ply past, theo ther pastwith the co ndition unfulfilled.
The apodosis in each case co nfo rm s to the
latter co ndition . Butwe have in line a
rt xpfiv upoaboxar (witho ut b f), b ut in
7 and 8 f l xpfiv, the
two sentences b eing in o ther respects
sim ilar. We certainly sho uld no t no ticethe difference in sense if the sam e fo rm
(either with o r witho ut were used
in b o th . And yet the distinction b e
tween the two is o ne o f principle , and
is generally o b vious and im po rtant. In
the fo rm witho ut b the infinitive is
the wo rd o n which the chief fo rce falls,while in the fo rm with b the chiefforce falls o n 86a , éfifiv, etc. , to
which the do b e longs. Thus £561: O'
ot
“0627 (in this sense ) is you m ight have
gone (b ut did no t go ), while l5viv dv am
A061) is it would have been possible for
you to go in a certain case (b ut in fact itwas no t po ssib le). In m any cases (ashere) it m akes little difference to the
general sense whether the ch ief em phasisfalls on the infinitive or on the leadingverb ; and in these the effect o f adding or
om itting do is slight. In the present case
we m ay translate rt xpi‘
p rpoaaoxfiy ;
what oughtwe to have expected (which wedid no t find o urse lves expecting)? and rt
63 f poadoxfiaac xpfiv; what should we
then have had to expect (which in factwedid no t have to expect)? I have dis
cussed this co nstm ction at so m e length in
M . T . App. v . , and these two exam plesin p. 409 . La Ro che denies the existence o fxpfir o r(M y with b , propo sing toem end éxpfiv do in Lys . xxx. 48, b ut o ver
looking the present case .
4 . win s M m M s, i.e . used all
his eloquence : cf. Eur. Hec. 337, whe n:
¢0m dsleiaa , andPlat. Rep. 4 75 A, radar
¢wvas dqbtere. See 5 ai8‘.
5 . f ps-iv tip-spa» 686V, three days'
journey ,i. e . fro m Chaero nea (via Theb es)
to the Attic frontier at Eleutherae , ab out450 stadia. Itwas ab o ut 250 stadia fro mEleutherae to Athens ; and the whole
distance from Chaeronea to Athens isgiven a3o
’) as 700 stadia, ab out 80
m iles. (See B1. )8. WV here and 761 1 in l . to refer
only to oppo site alternatives (as it was,and in that ease), b ut to the sam e tim e .
See 5aoo‘. The dr oatdnrnatrafterrare 8G
is far m o re eloquent than any description .
AHMOZGENOYZ
I 3 A d I
a'
o u rrohtm 9 yeyo u a s av7 a 7 aud’
a Reyes (sca t. 01m m weptA U I v v 3
7 e m ahkaw btaheyopat), eye) prev ebwu epav'
ro v £ 19
76. bo rrow/7 a a vpdx'
pew, o bbe'
va xivbvvo v 6i a a 9
S ib to v 0158’
bu ohoyw aiuevo g 8’
0130'
57 6p’
cla ss Behn'
w
7 0157 011! (01’
s yap 7 0157 019 ex’
pan/7 0), 0177"sis xp
'
rja tp o vI V C I
o vbev a av7 0v rrapw'
xe9, oa ep 8 av o ¢avho 7 a7 09 Kat.
Sumter/{m an s dvflpw1709 7 7) m ikes, 7 0v7 0 17617017)w £172.A fl I V 3 I I
O'
v aO'w efq7 a0
'
a t, Kat apt p'
7 pa7 o 9 eu Nafas Kat.
I 3 I C I 3 A I10 Apm ohews ev Bad ly, o r uaflarraf €x0p0t 7 179 n o hews, 7 o us
’
A017vaicov uptvo va t oStho v9 Kai’
A07§w70'w Aicrxivm Armo
1 9 8 0’
0'
evo vs Karin/apa . Ku bTOL 07 g» 7 a 7 c m syv a7 vxmta7
s A s e s e A Q I s e
evevbo m pew asrexewo , arrohwkeva t p ukho v avro s ca n btxato s
i) Kam '
yopeiv é épo v'
Kai67 a: a vvem vdxaaw o i. ain o i Katpo i.
nai 7 029 7 139 adhere s e’
xflpo is , aim 5m . 7 0117 01! ebvovv six/at. 7 77
a. 7 aii'ra (witho ut ti) 2 ‘ (co n . to a) rat‘
rra A2 . 5.
obb’ets Y .
r er ot‘mras Y .
01) b’
obbérepa A I . 6.
M . 7 00608“ vu lg .
’
Apto'
76kaos vulg .
5 107 . 2 . 7 1100’
8. My» , i. e . the
events which preceded Chaero nea.
3. 76v filth -w, do ub tless later m atters .
4 . 76. fi t s 80K09m = ¢i a bo ut ébbxec,with reference to vo tes o f the people :Of.
5. (Stow, personal, e . g . the danger o f
a raparbuwv : cf. 55 2 249.
6 se . el (rep’
sir es
flex-
rte». i s 11 97 11, i.e . in suppo rt o f m ym easures .
7 M ap 8'
iv : sc. t ochaeter or br ot
war.
8. 11'
iwith : fo r the o rder see 5m arqu is . 156m m ,you are shown to
have done after the events : cf. Hdt. 1 . 1 70,£ 7 2brewapfl rm at
'
lwar, and§
9.
'
Apt0~rpa7 these
m en and the co nditio n o f Naxo s and
Thaso s at this tim e are known to us o nlyfro m this passage . It appears that these
islands were in the power o f Alexander,and that the great success o f his arm s in
Asia was having the sam e effect in them
as in Athens, enco uraging the Mace
ob (corr. to obb’
) Z .
7 450w O . 8. drbpw os 2 , L1, A 1
10. L, A 1 ;'
p 7 6heo s 2 ;
donian party to vex the ir opponents b y
pro secutions .
to . Rabi -rut ixOpol, ou tright enem ies.
1 1 . not this
b rings out clearly the m eaning o f 7 0670
r er omxt‘
us
5 108 . 1 . who fou ndm atter for glorrfication in the calam ities
of the Greeks : dr éxetro, were laid up(as m aterial).2 . in uboxqu tv o ccurs o nly here in
classic Greek, acc . to Blass, who rem arks
o n the ease with which such co m po unds
with iv are m ade , to b e used thus in the
infinitive see Thuc. 11 . 44 , évevbam o
aflo at and éw ekewfiaat ; ll. 20, bra-rpa
7 or ebet7aat ; Hdt. 11 . 1 78, ivorxijaat ; v i .
102 , évcr t efiaac ; Plat. Phaedr. 228 E,
Gauche-
raw. is a
dactylic hexam eter.
3 . o i i. e . the sam e
occasions in which also the enem ies of thestate havefound their advantage .
4 . elb ow , loyal: see no te o n g 1 7
flEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
17a7 pt81 . bnko'
is be Kai e’
f 15V (779 Kai 1701e39 xai 1roh17 e15e1. 5
Kai. 1701 111 170M7 e15e1 . 17p1i1'
7 e7 ai 7 1. 76v 1571211 b o u ofiw aw
crvpcfie’
pew' 695071109 Aioxtv
'
qs. dw e’
xpo vcre'
7 1. Kai ye’
yo vev
oio v o im 38a :
170ipe<r7w Aiaxtvns. aiowrep 7d. fwjypa7 a Kai
7 b. a uda pa7 a , 67 av 7 1. Kaubv 7 b c oma haffly, 7d7 e sewe17 a 1 .
E17e181) be 1z'o s 7 019 a vpfieflmro o
'w e'
yxe17 a t, Bo ukouar 1 99
7 1. Ka t. n apabo fov ei17 ew. Kai p o v 17p09 A109 Kai. dee m
5 108 . 5. blrat2 , L, A 1 . 2 , B ; it vu lg . 5, 6. r oh rei’
m (b is) MSS ., Bk Bl .
7 . auM lpew om . A2 .
5 . if Jv firs, by the life you live : cf.dr
’at
’m fir 131 fieflt ev, is
the regu lar present to Beflwxb m , 316 no t
b e ing in com m o n use . (See Bl. ) -1roh1.
7 1611 (u ss . see no te o n 5 1
-
xtvqs (7, two paratacticco nditional expressions,—suppose som e
thing is done , etc. See 5 274 . Dissenquotes Cicero
’
s im itation (Phi l . 11 . 22 ,Doletis tres exercitus po pu li Rom aniinterfectos : interfecitAntonius . Deside
ratis clarissim os cives : eo s quoque no b iseripu itAnton ius . Auctoritas huius ordinisafi icta est: afllixit Antonius .
and strains M7 710. is a rupture, e ithero f the flesh or o f a vein ; " do pa is
properly the state o f tension which m aylead to a rupture , tho ugh the two term s
seem som etim es to b e used in nearly o rqu ite the sam e sense . H ippo crates , deFlat. 1 1 (Littré vi . p. says o f
ruptures o f the flesh : 7 1‘
s 51 m ac-
7a
rdrra 7 tn 7 a1 b id 7 dbe ' 61167 11 11 177 6fitqs8111177 6147 01 at adpxes 411m m , is bé
7 977 btdaraaw br obpduy rye07111 , 7 007 0 7 67
t hror raplxec. And de Morb . I . 20
(Litt. V ] . p. o f the veins : 61167 0: 7 1
7 117111 ¢Aefitu v a r a a b ér ha '
yfi, i) arac bfiper, pa‘
yfi bé 717) r avn kibs, dhhb arabt‘
vr
6 1167 13 yén rrat (ar abtbr b e ing the resu lto f 177 610, apparently whatDem osth . calls177 11171111) further, ivtowt bfibxbrar 70117 111.7& 07 1101111 7 11. 111 rfiat aapflr 13 £7 7 137 1
¢ke1lflr, dhyfluara t ohvp n a,
b xalxaMow: M uan t . Again in 5 2 2
(p. 184) he speaks o f M aura r ohhd 7 e
xal r awo'
ia 7 1311 ¢Xe78137 xal 76v aapxéir'
xal7 067 11111 76. rapav‘
rixa 81:6:a ytre
7 111 , 7 6a: barepor p np dra¢atve7 a1 .
Galen , de Meth. Medendi 111. 1 (x. p.
160, Kiihn), distinguishes fracture of a bone, Arm an, ruptu re of thefl esh ,
de Mo rb . Differ. 1 1 (VI . p. 872 , K iihn)76 bi 667m xal7 6ardapa 100 airrob
7 6mm tart. avrta'rara: 66 7 6 b
aapxcbbec, 76 b’e’
r revptbbet “optic, 76v ivchro
‘
is tut-311 bm raabéww Btatas rtu6sbhdaews.
100. 1 . ” h is (7 11017 111, is severe
(presses hard) upon : cf. Thuc. xv . 2 2,
Hdt. VI ] . 1 58, and no te o n “ 111145610117 1.o n 5 136
7 (ab o ve).2 . 7 1. 111141480507 : the orato r now
rises to a new height. Hereto fo re he hasm aintained vigorously (as in 5 194 ) thatthe po licy o f Athens in oppo sing Philipunder his lead was so und and hope fu l ,and that he cannot justly b e censured
now, even if events have shown the“m istake o f waging war against the
Macedonian power. He now suddenlychanges his gro und, and declares that
there has b een no“m istake ,” that no
o ther po licy was po ssib le fo r Athenswith her glorious antecedents, even if thewho le future , with Chaero nea and its
b anefu l co nsequences , had b een fo reseenfrom the b eginning . Th is is the finalanswerto the petty criticism s o f Aeschinesafter the events
”
(67 2 rats avaflaow,
5 Fox (Kranz rede , p. 1 72) says :Niem and so l l ihm irgend welcb e Ver
legenheit anm erlten, deshalb gesteht er
AHMOZGENOYE
pnbei9 7 7W vr epfiohnv akha )1 e7 evv01a9 o he'
ym
e1 yap flu a17a 17 1 apo bnka 7 a pe'
hhow a yew)
5 0'
e0'0a 1, Kai rpozy
'
beo '
av r aw e9, 1ca 1 o'
u rpo vhe-
yes, Aiaxtvn,
Kai 81epap7 15po v Bo b w Ka i Kexpa'
ydss, 69 063’
e'
tpde'
yfw, 068’
0137 019 ci1700'
7 a7 e'
o v r éha 7 0157 1111) ei'
17ep 66679 i)200rpoyd
h
v v) 7 013 11690117 09 aib wo s eixe héyo v . vvv )1 eu y
a1707 vxe1v”
SOKGL 7 a m 17pa'
yp.a7wv , 0 17am . KOLVOV ea'
7 1v
av0p0517019 c7 av 7 13 flew 7 av7 a bo xfi ré7 e 8 afwva a
17po e0'
7 ava1 76v aMtwv, e17 a1700'
1'
a0'
a 7 o v7 o v ,<1> 1X11717 1p
5 WPOSGSO KGVG L 17av7 a9 b. it 3tre at7 1av . e1 yap 7 av7 a“FPOGLT:
aKOVLTL, 1rept (11V OUSGVG KLVSUVOV OW L” 00x W G’
ILCLVGV OZ
17p6yov01 , o bxi. xa7 e'
177 v0'
ev dv )11) yap 769 176Xea'
19
201 ye, )1 178’
épto i}. b'
6¢0ah71039 17p69 A169 e'
wpa’
ip ev b y
5 100. 3 . 64761 7147 111 A2 . 4 . 11001 . lawOa: A 1 . 5 . rdrres 2 , L, indraw er vulg . Alaxtv1) 2 , L, 11
1; om . vu lg . 6. bteuaprbpwA 1 . 7. etr ep
01 .
My 7’Z . L‘. A 1 ; 1167 ybp vu lg . 4 . 7 617
'
El\h1jm r 2 (7p)0 (m g . 41, Dio n . 6. dxorem . 2 ; dxon ret Bl . 06x bra A 1 .
06x 2 , L‘, A1 ‘ 69 7 11101711 06x L’, vu lg . 7 . 7 ts by A 1 (w. dr aov). b aov ass.
aov hr aov Bk . ybp bi) A 1 .
n ichtnurdas Paradoxe se inerBehauptungselb st eu , so ndern m acht auch die in der
Hypo thesis et 7671 in c'
iraat
liegende Co ncession durch Hiiufung derAusdriicke so gro ssm iithig und riickhalts
los, dass jederm ann die Zuversicht und
Siegesgewissheitdes Sprechers vo n vom
here in m item pfindet.— 1:at
pita-
1) an instance o f 7 71081p 11117“, o f
which ano ther case is 22 11, ér erelapmc
b oth quo ted as exam ples by Tib erius r epl axnpdrwv 8 (VI I I . p . 535,
5. 176 r pol'
sheyes : the figure o f
Aeschines him se lf jo in ing in the generalwarning adds greatly to the picture .
6. 69 068’
W e , you who did not
even open your m ou th .- 068
'
057 1-9, not
even then : 067 10: sum s up in o ne word
the who le o f the preceding co ndition(4
7 . 7 979 r bhw
117 07 7 177 111.8. 700M om s oli ves, futu re ages .
5 200.
no te on 195 .
2 . br o-711x100, to havefailed (in secur
ing) -7 ¢ v r paypdfl w, m ere m aterialo b jects, oppo sed to the high principleswhich wo u ld have been sacrificed in the
o ther case (7 67 e).
3 . “M an . while she had
claim ed, fo llowed by the ao ristdr oariio‘a ,
and then withdrew, b o th past to boxer do .
We m ight have had fi tov and 67 6171 1)cf. xv . 2 7 , 15V dr é0
‘
7 1).
6. 61101117 1, without a stru ggle, sine
pulvere ; cf. xxx. 77 .—068£va bvs'w
’
06x,em phatic equ ivalent o f rdvra : the naturalnom inative ovbels ban s ov (= ras) is illogically decl ined.
7 . 1700 (accented), with special emphasis . 7641 (sc . eta-é), don
’
t say the
state , nor m e : r bkews and luau continuethe case o f act}.
5 201 . 1 . 7 to '
1. av ; i. e .
how should we now (dare to) looh in the
11011 8’
see
AHMOZOENOYZ
A G v A 3 I I
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3 A A V I
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76v 1771076v 7 069 7 ai37 a rpdfaw as palm-
7,
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7 59 761p 0611 av dyafa awo 7 0111 dvbpwv éxeivwv 7 179A 6 A5 6pe7 1)9, 01 um 7 1>)v xaipav xai 7 'i)v 176)\ 1v e
’
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ue1vavI A
ei9 7 a 9 7p11jpe19 e’
pflaw es br ep 7 o v )1 7) 76 xehevép evo vA170117001, 76v p ev 7 av7 a a vpfio vkefio
'
awa S ep tm o xhe'
a
(
Xe c r a e A
(” pawn/011 e optevo 1, 7 011 v17a1<o ve1v 7 019
5 800. 2 . 7 00 767 e’AO. A 1
°7 67 e 7 079 L ] ; 7 é7 s over ro1s 2 3 (cf. § 7 11070
rat‘
s’AO. m i: 767 15, on locxe A2 . 6. bbfvs ratA 1 . (co rr.
5 204 . 2 . inu répm s (Grow 0. 1)r okapfldy e7 e2 , L, B’ ; br ehaufidv
a
ere A 1 , B1, vu lg . 4 . d-
yaaOetn Co b . 7d.r
aperb s (late corr. o f 7m aperss) 2 . 6. ixfldrres V6. 7 . newyap A2 .
a q ovke-bowa A2 . 8. dr ocp. 7 o'
1‘
s ér 17 a7 7 . Z , L, A 1 ; 7 o'
is ér tr . dr ocp. vu lg .
7 o'
is om . Harpocr. (under Kvpathov), B] .
5 208 . 2 . 152 (01101 , spoken with 116111) (5 a'
iare xal76v rpo-
ybvwv, and
sarcasm : cf. 5 2 1 2° i. e . 7 ts yap 06 —l_
inheritedfrom their ancestors.—068’
6110
x76. im plies that they revo lted m o rallyagainst the idea ; 068’ (M107 0 that itwas
against the ir nature as Athenians .
3 . 611 17017769 7 06 xp6vov, from the
beginning qf tim e, a rheto rical irr epfiok-
h,as in in 5 267 it m eans from the
b eginning o f the transactio n in question.
4 . 801010 : p i), no t06, as we sho u ld
Go b et em ends it to dyaaaetq .
5 . rréh v ixhwrstv refers to the tim e
b efo re the b attle o f Salam is when , bythe advice o f Them istocles, Athens wasab andoned to X erxes, and allwas staked
o n a sea- fight : so v 1. 1 1 . See Cicero ,Othc. 111. 1 1 , 48 : Cyrsilum quendarn ,
suadentem ut in urb e m anerent X erxern
que reciperent, lapidibus o b ruerunt.
say 0! btxara rpdfl ovaw (G .
5 . r poafi plm v, taking the side of,attaching herself to : cf. 5 2 2 7 —0014101 02Sovkn
'
vetv : the sam e idea o f secu rity in
slavery is found in the speech o f Pericles,Thuc. 11. 63 (end). as
partie . o f m anner, m odifies w vvebovaa
bta7 e7 £Xexe.
6. 177107 4 011, 7 1p1'
i9 , 8651‘s : of. 5667 .
5 204 . 2 . fibre-w, m oral feelings
see no te o n 5 1 143
.
4 . 6760-017 0 : Blass acco unts for this
epic ao rist bythe rhythm s o f 111W67 11111170
Herodo tus , 1x. 5, tells a sim ilar sto ry o fthe sto ning o f a senato r nam ed Lycidas ,with his wife and children, b efo re the
b attle o f Plataea, when Mardonius sent
his second m essage to Athens (for the
earlier m essage see no te o n
6. M p 700 irr ép withthe gen . o f the infin . for a finalclause , asin 5 and in Aesch . 111 . 1 , br ép
pi) ytyreaOat .
8. 7 611 617011061 111 67 0Mvdpsvov, who
declared him self for obedience : general lywtbunv dr o¢atvea0a1, see 5 189
3.
l'
lEPl TOY ZTE¢ANOY
6’
17 17 a7 7 0pe'
v019 Kvpm fho v xa7 ah10160'
av7 6s‘
, 71611011
dhhd Kai a i. yvva'
ixec ai 15pé7 epa 1 7 9W yvva'
ix’
11 157 017.
I C I fl 1. C Iyap eln7 0vv 01 7 07 Adm/ 11 101 ow e p117 0pa. ow e 0 7 7011 7 177
101!
83 Q
8 xI A
A, ’
8\ A 3 I
1 07 01) cu ev0'
0v0'
1v ev7 vs , a}. o u 5 (mi 176101111 61. 712)A A A fl
e’
hevflepiasA
éféa 7 a 1 7 avro 2371617 0 ydp ar
’
n o w
extra-
7 09 aux1 17a7 pi. Kai. 7 7) 11177 731 yeyem a flaa s(into xa 1 17 117 72131 . 81a¢épe1 86 7 1 ; 07 1 0 71
61! 7 019
yovevtn 71011011 yeyevqa flm 110714:v 7 011 7 179 emappe’
vns xc 1
76V 11 137671 117 01) 0611 11 7 011 1rep1pe'
ve1 , 683 real. 7 7? 17 11 7 72581 51731)fl I 3 A I I I
7 ou 71 2) 7 av7‘
qv 617 186111 So vhevo va av awo flm m cew 604 1117 61 ,I C I V I 4
am rpoflepwfi pas‘
rnmawm 7 019 v a s 7 11 9 11 7 171 1 11 9 , 11 9 to
£12 80vhev0150~g 1ro'
he1 (pe'
pew dva'
ym ), 7 03 0av1i7 0v .
9. Kvpolhov L, vu lg . ; Ktipm hov E.
5 206. 3. Govhetio'waw V6 Go vhetiovaw O . ell-rvxéir (after Govhet'
w.) vu lg . ,
Dind.,West. , Bl. ; cm . 2 , L‘, Bk Vom .
,Li 5 4 . 11 157 021 (b efo re 824177 111) vulg. ;
0m . 2 , L . 1167 1311 2 . 5 . yevéUOat V 6. 67 1 cm . A2 . 1 1 . 7 08
Oura‘
ro u Z , L, F (7 p), <i> (7 p), vu lg . ; 0m . 0.
9. narm wc awn : acc. to RI the 7 0 fi60a1 . The passage o f Aristotle is
015205
o nly Attic exam ple o f xarahwéw for
xarahet’
rw.
10. al the vividnesso f the picture in the easy flowing narrativeis he ightened by the irreg ular insertio n o f
a new sub ject, alywai'
xes, as if witho utprem editation . Aristides (46, p. 287)tells the story m o re gram m atically, b utfar less fo rcib ly : o vhheyéw es m in-res 11117 6
hcucar affrol 11157611, 111 6Gywaixes f l)»
ywaixa abrafi.
With this and5 205 com pare the speech
o f the Athenian envo y at Sparta m o re
than a century earlier, Thuc. 1 . 73—75 .
5 806. 3 . 81’
87 011 Souhn'
am o'w
final re lative . With Govhetiaovow etrrvxéir
(sarcastic) cf. do cpahéir 601111161 111 , 5—1l. mi lilo -rm , if they could not (were
no t to b e ab le): at a); éféo orro m ight b eused (M .T . 694 ,
5 . fi xt u w vfioflm z cf. Plat. Crit.50D—5rB ; and Arist. Eth . 1 . 7, 6, 768
’
ch apt er Rh one» 01511 1167 13 1161114: 7 13 ("
Gr-
7 1
filer povu'
rrm', dhha (sc. 7 13 (13117 1) 11111
7 07 16171 11111 7610 011 where 1167 13“(w and 7 0111001 b o th depend o n {13m
(living fi r him self alone, and living also
for parents as r arpl, run-
pi, and
7 1»c in Dem osthenes depend o n ye
G . D.
som etim es called ungram m atical!7 . 7611 His ($ 11.q 2 Grim m . the
death of Fate, i.e . death at an appo intedtim e , oppo sed to vo luntary death, as
when one gives his life fo r his co untry(cf. dr oflvfio xew Mel-ho n , 76v aim i
pa‘rov 011V. is natural(o ppo sed to violent)
death . The two are really the sam e,
from different po ints o f view (seeAu lus Gellius (x11 1 . 1 ) discusses the say
ing o fCicero (Phil . 1 . 4 , m u lta autem
im pendere videnturpraeter natu ram etiam
praeterquefatum , and decides thatCicerom eans the sam e b y naturam andfatm n ,
b o th b e ing Oppo sed to violentam et inopi
natam m os-tern . Afterquo ting the present
passage o f Dem o sthenes, Gellius thus
co ncludes : Quod Cicero fatum atque
naturam videtur dixisse , id m ulto ante
Dem o sthenes werpwpém v et 7011 aim i
11117 011047 11 7 011 appellavit. Air-
76114 7 0: enim0411117 09 , quasi naturalis et fatalis, nu llaextrinsecus vi coactus venit. (See Dissen’
s
no te . )8. 11] 17117 961 : se . 7 17 1 1
16001111
” attain cf. 5
9. 8oris see M .T . 885 . Withthe pres . partic. cf. m) p.
’ Meir 0a v6v0’,not to see m e killed, Eur. Orest. 746.
10
AHMOZOENOYZ
200 E1’
. pév 7 05111111 7 0131"
e’
rrexeipo vv Xéyew, 137 121 wpovf'yayo vdfw. 7 0111 1771076110111 (bpo veiv , 01311 300
’
60 7 19 01311
15131167 109 60 17 111 160616 1101 . 111311 8’
07 121 71011 151167 épas
7 011167 09 1rpo a 1pe'
o'
e19 0170411151101, 1102 855m m) “67 1 Kai. 11110
5 ro irr’
eixe 70 (bpdw m’
i; 176X19, 7 179 11 1511 7 01 8111 11011511 57 139 e
’
rfi’
611607 019 76011 n eu payp e'
vwv Kai. e’
paw éi 711157 1521101:207 111177111 , 057 09 307 1311 13t 110i. xeheriwv 151189 2
1r111pa19 fxew 111630111 Kai. 11 111815v 0137 13411 7
1
5 176X61 , 709
sis 701m p0v 7 1pfi9 e'
p’
du o o v epfia m yht’
xe7 a 1 , 70. 8’
51701117 01 7011'
X011r0v xpdvo v 137 1105713 15716311 0410 170617 11 1 .
5 200. 1 . 1119 57111. A 1 . 2 . 171100197 117 0» O‘. 2 . 800’
E, L ; (07 111 vulg .
607 11 o1’
1x 111167 111 2 (7p), vu lg . ; 67 101).v (w. erasure after 2 ; 807 1:
L ; 607 . a” o f»: 1 11167 111: 0 ; 607 19 by 1111 . F,Y
, 3 . 67 67 1111100
A 1 , Y , B (o ver Dio n ., Bl. 67 17 1111501 16 2 ,
vu lg . 4 . dr own -1
u poatpéo ets L . rpbs 01 .
5 207 . 2 . 7 17 0 171167 171 (after 7 6A“) vulg . ; 0m . 2 ,L]
, A‘
. 4 . 7 11111 hom e»
xpovwv (0 o ver each 111) B .
55 200—2 10 conclude the digres Our am b igu o us would o nly co nceals thesio n which b egins ih 5 188. The o rato r difiiculty. (M .T.
here appeals to the judges no t to co nvict 5 . 81011011012 , i. e . what he term s the
Ctesipho n, as this will b e acondem nation m en ial service is all that he claim s fo r
o f the people o f Athens fo r m aintainingthe ancient glories o f the state , the glorieso f Maratho n and Salam is .
5 200. 1 .
01 14 1101 : this com b inatio n o f a present
unreal co ndition , if I were u ndertaking ,
with a future co nclusio n, everybody wouldju stly censure m e, is rare , and perhaps
strictly illogical . Several go od MSS. and
Dio nysius (p. 1054)have 47 1 7 1111701 , whichBlass ado pts . But this past apodo siswo uld co m pe l us to m ake 1 ! ér exeipovv
past also , if I had been u ndertaking ,
which wo u ld greatly weaken the who lesentence . We sho u ld expectan im perfectwith 1111 in the apodo sis ; and this is im
plied, though no t expressed, in the som e
what condensed form which we have .
The real m eaning is, if I were (now)u ndertaking to tellyou this , the resu ltwo u ld b e thatallwouldjustly eensu re m e.
This co u ld have b een rather pedantical lyexpressed by 1211 137 607 12, b u t 01311 G00
’
607 1: is m uch sm oo ther andm o re natural .
him self. This is in strik ing co ntrast with
his claim fo r fu l l recogn itio n o f his pub licservices e lsewhere : cf. 55 297—300. Bu t
in this grand glo rificatio n o f Athens and
her no b le services to freedo m , the m o re
he depreciates him se lf and exalts the
state , the stronger do es he m ake his argu
m ent that the co ndem natio n o f Ctesiphonnow wo u ld b e a condem natio n o f Athens
herse lf and o f allher glo rio us histo ry .
No tice the antitheses in this passagefirst, the m ain o ne , 1 ! p 11 and 11611 be
then , within the latter, 67 61 newand 067 0:
db (5 13111 7 611119 and éq i,7 710011160611 and 6111110111112.
5 207 . 1 . 7 611 Sho w: oppo sed to
1511407 01: 52 . “is 119 7017041011 7 111119 : i. e . the
crown .
3 . i. e . yo ur glo ries o f
the past will b e lo st for all future tim e
if they are condem ned by your vo te to
day.
4 . “u pstm is conative : cf. 5 1 31 .
148 AHMOZGENOYZ
5 609161 0119 110i. 7 069 611 20X091211 1 1100910x1§00117 09 11067 069’
A97 69110 1'
01 110i. 67690119 7 069 611 7 029 82791005019
91 11159100 1 1161916110v9, 07 00069 0116909 , 069 01701 7 09 6910501917 17 191 19 7 119 0157 179 061010000 7 191fi9 Aia'
xwr), 01’
1X1
7 009 1107 09003001 7 09 0117 011 01186 7 009 11907600117 09 910110119 .
10611100019 : 691611 7109 611 0116917111 07 001711 6971011 , 01700 1 1767 90
117 01'
71
5 7 vxv 8'
171 0 805910111 6116191611 611007 019, 7 067 ”209 116
'
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91611 7 09 17090 7 007 0110 7 19169 110i. 191k011090117£09 691’
01700 7 6
9fi001 BOUhé’J-GVO? 79617010 1r0i. 90x09 110i. 170K01f’
6'
9y’
67167 69, 03
11 7 51109 17900666? 6 17090111 070111 0157 005 66,
5 037917 07 011 1070, 7611 1769270111 1790170011 0 15913o 01 7 7)
8. 2) 7 6M2 69101012 A 1 . 60015910061 F 9. 067 1711 vulg . ; 067 062 2 ,
I ) , Lips . IO. 07 0061 0169011 V6. 1 1 . 61 6191611 2 , L, A t ; 07 61 619161 vu lg .
1 2 . 1161 9117 01 V6.
5 200. t .1
7901111070v 11 2 . 2 . 7 007 011 V6; 7 067012A2 . 5. 7 61 0m . A2 .
7 0111 om . A 1 .
91 (Bergk), fi lth-
151 011 7 90110x001 7 62 ; Ar.
Vesp. 987, 0067 90110x67 01. But the fre
quentuse o f 157 69with such genitives m akesplain the o ther force o f 1790 as Iso o .
lv . 75, 7 062 7 022 016910011 67 69 7 431'
Ek7\0602
7 9060601 60001 7 02, and Lys. xvm . 27,
7 1211 67 69 7012 7 901 61 11 601 60“7 011 , where the m eaning is the sam e as
in the present passage . See also 11. xx.2 1 7, 6067161 667 0h ) 7 90910x60001 07 01 7 011 ,to fight far in the front of all, and xvu .
358,’Ax010
'
i1 650x011 0701011
(cf. vss . 357 with the sam e force
o f 7 90 In o ur passage 7 901 11 601 6601 is
usedab so lute ly—Mafi a” : as the nam e
o f an Attic dem e, this is usuallya locativedative ; b ut here all1188 . except 2 . and
m ost quotatio ns , prefix 61 .
5. 41 this battle was fo ughtat Salam is ; the o ther sea-fight was of
Artem isium . The two land- battlesare m entio ned first, and then the two sea
fights in the order o f im po rtance .
6. 8191004012 M 9001 : the pu blic
tom bs were in the outer Ceram icus, on
the road leading to the Academ y : see
Paus . 1. 29, Thuc. 11. 34 . Those who
fel l at Maratho n were b uried o n the
b attlefie ld, as a special ho no ur.
7 . 0700062 6118902, in appo s itio n withthe preceding accusatives : this was byno m eans a weak term o f pra ise withDem o sthenes cf. l . 10.
—690m and
viis 061i : m utually strengthen each
o ther.
9 . 007611 : I adopt this partitive gen .
rather than 0157 0192 (fo und in 2 , L1), as I
am no t convinced that 0137 0152 can have
the fo rce o f especially (distingu ishedfromothers), ipso s so lo s (Rauchenstein): see
m el’s no te . In defence o f English,we m ay no te that this renowned passage,perhaps the m osteffective ever spoken byan o rato r, has no less than fifty sigm as in
sixty- seven wo rds .
5 200. The descent from the im
passioned patriotic e loquence o f the
preceding passage to the perso nal vituperation o f this is depressing .
1 . 7909907 0x0¢o v z 01 7 1 7 06 7 9091
11076012, 67 1 01 79011907 622 7 90116v 62
7 9019011011 (Etym . Cf. 5 261 3 .
3 . see Aesch . 18 1 .
5. 7 91101111 107 0: effectively chosen
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
n apcowa , 76rivo s (ppém ypa hafiéw’
dvaflaivew e’
rrlr?) fifip’
58a 76 7 06 7 06m m tivdft,
épofiw o s Stxaiws pe’
wfiv (in é 2 10
2 98 flavo r! 61rd 0158’
15 as i 118 69’
A0 vaim (in ?)"
9 um’
f
,,
L
I f
P 7) m 9f A l
Scat/om ; 3a 1' Q u e Sum s Kat ras Sam o a
-
m e p ew,
A flM a. rdpév rov xafl
'
fip e'
pav Bio v a vpfiéltata e’
1ri. raw1850011I V A
vapwv Kat epywv a xo'
n'
o vwas, 83 Kowas wpo a tpe'
a ets en’
s 5fl
f a raw npoyovwv dfiépa‘
r’
dwoflké rowas . Ka i. wapaltap
Bcivew y’
apa‘
rfiBam npig. Kai. 11230 11,436t 76 (ppowmo. Tb
Tfis m ikews vapiCew gxaa ro v 862, draw rd
6. dy akafibvra Al. 7 . 7 06o m . L’, F , Y, 7 6rodI-i'éi; raw in 2 lines) 2 .
5 8 10. a. in ! 2 , L1; Era
-
m . L vulg . (3 Grape: O ; 6 AOnra‘
iot A l.
5 . (m a xalvém v O . 8. 66? o m . O .
with reference to rpm elw , which refers
to Athens as co m petitor fo r the first
priz e in the political th eir, in whichDem o sthenes is her adviser.
6. 76 T‘VOC ”an .” M fl w’
, in
spired by whose spirit Our language
generally refuses to translate an interrogative o r relative with a participle o r
infinitive : we m ay saywith whose spirit
should I have been inspiredwhen etc. ?
5 2 10. 1 . S ud an plvrdv dar‘h vov ,
but (in that case ) [ should have deserved todie . pen
-ii! by crasis fo r yer-
rot b : To ;
b eco m es f dr, b utwhether pév sho uld
retain its accent is do ub tful.3. StavoCcs, spirit (way o f thinking).
—l8h e, q oa'la s : this has no reference
to the o rdinary distinction o f ypacpatand
611m l, public and private su its , whichco rrespo nd generally to o ur crim inaland
civilpro cesses . Here 61m has its widestlegal sense o f lawsu it in general, in
cluding b o th ypaM and 61m (in its
narrower sense). 18m atm are tho se
which co ncern individuals and the ir o rdinary b usiness relations (crvpfiékata), whicho f co urse m ust b e judgedwith reference tospecial statu tes (érl [Glow vépu v, cf. ir
’
dMOet’
ar, g which m ay change from
year to year. and to specialfacts (16vlp
‘
ywv), witho ut regard to the general
policy or the traditio ns o f the state : evencrim inal su its (7mm !) which involvenothing m o re than the rights o r acts of
individuals wo uld be included here . But
61,/460m 61m ; are su its like the present
o ne , which involve a judgm ent on the
generalpolicy o f statesm en (Ku rds rpoat
péd ecs), who se acts are no t prescrib ed b yspecialstatutes , b ut m ust b e go verned to
a great extent b y generalprinciples and
traditio ns o f state : these , the o rato r says ,m ust be judgedb yreference to the glo rio usdeeds o f the past. Dem o sthenes insistshere, as elsewhere , that the o nly real
question involved in this case is that o f
his own statesm anship and his fidelityto the b est traditio ns o f Athens, whileAeschines co nstantly urges the co urt to
treat it as a com m o n [Btu 81m and settle
it by reference to ordinary facts and pettydetails . (See Aesch . 199, z oo . ) Aesch ines saw that here lay his only chance o f
success in his su it.7 fl i $1"t “ 1 76 “WM .
his staj and his ticket : each judge , whowas appo inted to sit in any co urt fo r the
day, receivedin the m o rning a stafl'
paintedwith the sam e colo ur as the lintel(cmylanos) o f the co urt ho use in which he
was to sit; after entering the co urt, he
gave up his staff to an o flicer, who gave
him a ticket which entitledhim to receive his fee o f three o b ols (6cxac n xév) after his day’s service . See
Arist. Pol. Ath . 637and co ] . with
Sandys’
s no tes ; M eier and Scho m ann,
pp. t6o—l6a. see 5
AHMOZOENOYZ
3 I A V V 3 a I I v
Gim m e xpwo vvres, em ep aft exewwv WPGTTGLV atea'oe
xpfiva t.
I h IAM a. yap epn eawv a s m . n ewpayp eva rats npoyo vo cs
30'
e 5 76Vdnjtpw'
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a Kai. ré u npaxoe'
m'
m v .
e’
n avehoeiv 01311 6176961! e’
m afio’
e’
fe'
B'
qv Bouhopat.
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av
9. elctfire Al. detract 2 .
5 2 1 1 . t . én ecdwA2 .
619 rail-cu 2 (7 p), vulg . 4 .
o m . V6. finer. V6. 7 .
5 2 1 2 . a. o i'
rroo'lO ; om . V6.
6. fiaukeflwflat Y .
5 2 1 1 . He now returns to the ac
co unt o f the em b assy to Theb es, fromwhich he digressed in 5 188 .
4 . “at“ ? i. e . the am bassadors .
see Plut. Dem . 18,
h andle 83 (se . xal“hurl-
as.
dis Mapo'flas timely, ’
Ap.6rrav My xal
KMapxor Maxedévas, Adoxov dé Om akbv
xal Opac vda‘
ior, drrepoiivras (se . Amw
006m ).
5. w updxo v : see Philocth . frag . 135,
c lr r ov Gé xarahaBM os E li -ra cy ital
K trrlm ov , xalt pédfiecs rend/avra: els 9 1534 :Om aké
‘
w, Alm aréiv , Alrwhéir, AoM l-
uw,
Qatm fiv’A0mvalwv at Kart). riw airrbv
xpérov t péafiets dt ocra ha'
rm v ro t): t epl
3 . éréoev 2 , 2 (7p), L ; 600 vulg .
xarehapfldvoyev E, L, A t xarakayfl. vulg .
éxefvwv A2 .
3 . 7 61 0 5601“(w. late E.
adder E ; 0080 6: L, vulg . 7 .
évraiifl'
E, L ;6.
5 . 6Mrwp O'.
m l(b efo re card) om . L .
Gam e‘
is 0.
Amwaflévn, roérocs dvm xe'
iv Humb e r t-
o .
8. flv 7 61" h lq : o ppo sed to
vfiv My »
5 2 1 2 . These words were spo ken
while the clerk was preparing to read the
letter: cf. 180.
a. 16V m upév see Aesch . 137— 14 1
and 237— 239 ; esp. 6 6
’eiad‘
yw inwasels f ar 6153“ m m): m lMfios, xalxpelacuppaxtar, dM
’oi;
3 . its H m : see no te o u §
4 . fi xnv : see Aesch . r57 .
6. ” m in es,partner, oppo sed to p61“
alfl os
7. 7 5 V df vxqum v= i irruxflca
m y .
AHMOZOENOYZ
Kai. civSpa'
m'
oSa Kai ra'
M’
eis 19711 Bowm fav 1750111 0, in3 Q A A A
8 (1111 e’
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1 01110 2 ; 1 01710 L, vulg . ; 1 01116A 1 , V6, Bk .
2 1 4 . L 1 0131 0 E‘, ell-
011611 (ab ove line) 1 0131 0 1511 0111111 A 1 1 0171 0 dw ell-
op en
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cir cus» 1 116s 1 061 0 L . a.
cl1101 2 ; atL, vulg .vulg . ; 1 11111001111” B‘, 1b B3 . 4 .
5 . 67 011110 01 b efo re 7 970 550001 A2 .
sequence qffi llowing their advice, Oppo sedto ix 6
’1311 épei
'
rM100” . The argu
m ents here given are o f the gro ss m aterialk ind which were generally suppo sed to
have we ight at Thebes. Dem o sthenes
(g 1 1 4 ) seem s to im ply that his own argu
m ents were o f a higher character.
§2 1 4 . 1 . C 8'
finds : se . Ab out?
(see crit. no te).—16. 11611 1100’
111001 0,
the details, with the sub o rdinate (761and buds 66, is in antithesis to 8 1 1 6
’ob
“cleaner (i.e . the sum o f what we ac
com plished) in l. 6.
2 . PC“ , as we m ight say, 1wouldgive my life : cf. and 1 111811001
used o f estim ating the penalty in a law
su it; and I . 1 , drrlr ohhév 1b xpnpdrwv
0160001 . Itis nothardto see why Dem o sthenes sho uld b e unwilling to repeat any
part o f this b rilliant speech . The h0pe
o f b rilliant successes o f the allies againstPhilip, which he pro b ably held o ut, had
b een disappo inted b y the crushing defeatat Chaero nea ; and the destructio n o f
Theb es three years later m ust have m ade
the whole to ne o f this speech now sadlyuntim ely . Plutarch (Dem . 18) gives a
graphic acco unt o f the Theb an assem b lyand o f the address, which was pro b ablyone o f the orato r
'
s greatest cfl'
o rts : 1611611
067 at1v 06616¢wye robs
at 1 4 11 1 11111 111 2 . L.
xaraxheto'
pbv O .
koywuobs, dhh’
Jr 6111100111 8110111 03 etxe 1 6
1 06 r ohépov 611116, (1 1 1 1311 4111111111611 111011
116.e ” 01113 11 1 0110110161 1 1” i) 66 1 06
6151 0110: tb'
s M 01 Bebr opr os, £11111
rlj'
ovaa 1 611 0111 1311 1101 610110101100
The ¢1hor¢1dav 1 029 a lto“
57 00111 , 1501 11 1101 ¢bfiov ( 0! 7107 101161 1101
xdpw ixfiake‘
iv abrob s 8700110113111 ” 111 6
1 06 Myou 1 1161 16 Kalb». 001 111 66 uéya
1101 10141 1161 GM " ) 1 6 1 06Mropos (117011
1301 11 161 410111 7 011 613061 ér txnpvxeti
«1001 6116111111” “11151 111 . (The last sentencerefers to the pro po sals fo r peace o f wh ichAeschines speaks in 111 . 1 48
4 . Sic-m p dv as (youwould ihink , iron! {ere 611) if you believed
(cl etc. (M .T . 1 2 7, Strictlywe sho uld have e itherdie t ep av at 11761101:
(im pf.) or (50'
e i v iryobp evoc (z el i77
e‘
io Oe), since a co nditio nalparticiple is no tregularly preceded by 11! (M .T .
But itwo uld seem that the colloqu ialuseo f 150m miv 61
°
(o r quas i, som e
tim es caused the true ellipsis to be o ver
lo oked and the atto b e irregularly added.
So m ewhat analogo us is the use o f 0171115110
(06b een) as a prepo sitio n fo r h eron
Kam hw pdv ; i.e . also a deluge, as well
as the lapse o fopportunity (r apehnw rwv
1 1719 see West—1 611 7 1101 111151 07 ,
ob jective genitive after raraxltvo'phv .
ITEPI TOY ZTEQANOY
v 3 1, s e e A c A s e 3 e
o 1 1 8 0v11 611610011 611 nye1s 1101 1711 111 01re11p1110111 0, 011011001 1 .
he'
ye 1 0111 1 kafioiv .
AIIOKP IEEIZ GHBAIQ N .
A I AM 67 0. 1 0111 0 1 01111111 e
’
xdhovv b110s 1cai. 2 1 52 a 2 A 9 2 I I V 2 I6601 6, 630170611 6, 1110 1 011 11 60
-
111 n apahem w, o vrws 01110 11191 A 3
81 9 3 v A e A A e I v
300 UM ? 6 (XOW O,0101 TOW 0111 1.w 1101 1 11111 0111 11111
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-011 1 1 1711 0 1 1101 1011 1 11 1 1ra 180sfl
1101. y'
vvaucas 1101 1 0 1 111 11131 01 0 .
6. 61 1 2 ,L (7 p 1! L
,vulg .
I I 2 2 2 I N
11011 01 1p1 1511 151161 117) 1 77 5
1102 8. L,vulg . (V6 6. om . 2 .
1 0111 1 2 ,L,Q, V6; 1 061 0 A 1 1 0111 1 vulg .
s o n . 1 . 11 111 V6. 1 .
vulg . ; 1 1111. F, Bl. ; 16Y .
6. 6n u de -1119001110 (om itting i with
Z): 61 1 ir efo auer and o"
1 1 dr ep arro
are the sam e thing .
5 2 1 8 . 1 . lxdhow finds : this is whatDem o sthenes pro vided for in 1 78
" 3 (seeno tes), when he propo sed to give the
em bassy concurrent power with the
generals o ver the m o vem ents o f the arm y .
This m arch to Theb es . after the answer
o f the Thebans had b een sent to Athens(111 1 6. is co m m o nly tho ught to
b e directly oppo sed to the acco unt o f
Aeschines in 111. 140 : Dissen exclaim s in
dignantly, Haeccine m anifesta m endaciapo tuisse co ram judicib us dici ! ” But
Aeschines says o nly that the m arch to
Theb e s took place 1 p 7 1 111 01 111 110q11107 1161 1111 dvhhafl
’bv 7 111111101 A1; /100067 1711.Now that the decree o f Dem osthenes
(18 1 which pro vided fo r o vupaxtav1101 éfl ‘
yamv (l), is known to b e a fo rgery ,we have no reaso n fo r think ing that anyfo rm al treaty o f alliance preceded the
invitatio n o fthe Athenian arm y to Theb es .
Certainly the reply (611-611111011) just m en
tioned im plied no such treaty, whichDem o sthenes could have prepo sed onlyafter his return to Athens . It appears
fro m the criticism s o f Aeschines o n the
term s o f the treaty (1 4 1— 144) that itwasan elab o rate docum ent : and it is pro
b ab le that it was no t m ade and ratifieduntilsom e tim e afterthe m arch to Theb es,which requ ired no furtherlegislatio n than
Jffire 2 , L , F, Q, V6, O‘; 65151 11 1 A I . 2 .
1 01110111 111 L, F, Q, Y . 3 .
1 1111 2 ,
111159 V6.
the decree appo inting the am b assado rs
(5 It m ust b e rem em b ered that
Dem osthenes 178) propo sed that the
em b assy should sim ply o ffer the Athenianarm y to Theb es witho ut insisting o n anyfo rm alterm s, irwryfhheodat 301101501 17 611
xehebw w.
3 . this is com m o nly te
ferred to the Athenian arm y, who are
suppo sed to have first encam ped o utsidethe city and afterwards to have been
invited to enter Theb es and occupy theho uses. It is surely far m o re naturaland
agrees b etterwith the context to under
stand that, while the Theb an infantryand cavalry (i. e . the whole arm y) wereencam ped o u tside the walls, ready fo r a
m arch , the Athenian arm y was quarteredin the town . The lack o f a pronoun to
designate which arm y is m eant is felt in
b o th interpretations ; b ut as the sub ject isthe Thebans, it is m o re naturalto refer
the ab solute clause to them . Again, theem phasis given twice to 1 0260: 1101 7 11110?
110: (4 and 1 1) im plies that the m en were
ab sent ; and r oujo'
arres as
a testim ony to the 0111¢poo bvn o f the
Athenians, im plies this stillm o re stro ngly .
And yet the wo rds in dispute are the o nlypo ssible reference to this ab sence in the
whole passage . Indeed, rather than refer
(ia m bn w to the Athen ians, we sho uldalm o st feel justified in supplying som e
word like 1311111 131: o r61760111111 (in
AHMOZOENOYZ
dv9p0'
111019 68615011 67 11 161110 61730201 1100'
1011 112111 111 1 0, 611 0311 SE8111010061079 , 1 p1f1 011I 9 A 9 e A A g
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A
711111011109, aw¢poa 1511n9 11111 1 111
2 1 6 6xo 111 69 68615011 . 611 019 111111 111 , 1 017110301 ,
y’
6410511 170011 0171 6 ydp 619 11611 111I I t N
610 61100111 09 1 00 0'
1p01 o 11 6'
80v o u3619 o u8611 008 081 11 1119I 9 I I C A I I
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0111 111 00144101109 110p60'
x60’
v,1.09 0111 0119' 319
5 1 6 109 1 171 1’
6111 1 013 1101 011011
6. A I . 2 V6.
,1 10'
2 .
011-102: L , vulg . ; 11111 029 0 ; 0131 01: Bk .
8. nakkor ,160’
(i. e . udhhov to follow
to . 4>1Mfl ov 2 , L, A 1 . 2 , B ; “111111101 vulg . 1 1 .
61 1101 10 611 A 1 (see Lips .)0111011 2
1101 1 11 7 301 61 Jr 0 1101 1 601 66‘
61 Z .
5 2 10. 1 .
t apéaxen 2 , L, Ar ; wapéaxeo fle vulg .
5 . 101 1 11161 09 1111x11 1 vulg . ; adxar om . Z .
6. 1100’
upon you , as in v 1 . 9,
1100’151111311 17 1 160101 , no t in its co m m o n
ho stile sense . See Arist. P01. 111. 13 , 14 ,
11016. 61 1 01061 1111 0611 811 1 1
6101 réacs, in respect to (P) sue/1 111m there
is no law, for Mey are a law unto
tl1em sel11es . In the parallel passage o f
St Paul, Gal. v . 03 , 1101 11 1 1211 1 010111 1011 is
translated against sue/1, adversus (Vulgate), wider sole/u (Luther), perhaps
wrongly. See Ro m . ii . 14 , 10111 02: 61111
where we have the rest o f the
passage o f Aristo tle .
10. 81110161 19’
0510011, 11101 you m ade
ju ster claim s on them .
1 1 . 1101 111311 1 and indeed
(1101) 1111111 all m ankind, parentheticallyafter
1 3 . Ixowes (representing (xoucr): or.
obl. with 866131 11 .2 10. a. 6906
'
s “dime -
011 11 1101
1161 19, it appeared (later) Mat they lzad
judged rigb tly cf.
068111 a rem arkable
11611 111 2 , L , A I . 2 ; 61100111 vulg . 3 .
Bk . Anecd. 160, Bk . , Dind. , West. , Lips . ; 1 017 o m 2 , Vo m . , Bl.
1 06 L, vulg .,
4 . 6114116061 0.
11110: 11111 611: 2 ,V6 (also in line
My 1’E, L, A 1 ; 1
’o m . vulg .
accum ulatio n o f em phatic negatives 061 6
co rrespo nds to 1 6
3 . (no t) even u njustly.
4 . 8119 1 1 11961 09, when you twice
stood 11°
ne wit/1 them in tlze earliest
encounters : so m e cognate o b ject is implied in avut aparafduevot z cf.
AllM SS . except add 04x01, as
if paxeaduevm hadpreceded. The natural
accus . wo uld b e wapardf’
eu , following them eaning o favuwaparafduevm andso signi
fying battle array o r battla . See Aesch.
111. 1 5 1 , 61 1 1 111
West. and Bl. follow Rehdantz , and take
r apardfm (im plied) in the sense o f
m ilitary m anauvres o r arrangem ents oftroops , by which Philip’s advance intoBo eo tia was checked withou t pitchedb attles . But it is unlikely that thanksgivings wo uld follow such m anoeuvres,
unless so m e v icto ry resulted. (See 2 1 7 ,
5. fl y 1’
1111 1 06 m m , ” M river
battle, pro b ably fo ught o n the upper
156 AHMOZOENOYi
c’
d)’
ole ExaLpo v o i dM OL, ékvn'
ew’
67061! ke’ye 81) real
rd. drmpt'
apara'
. pm .
‘PHQ IEMATA GTEIQ N .
A A 9 AOéxo vv fipteLs pév c
’
v Ova iaLs 17pm ) 767 e , GnBaLOL 8’
e’
v
To? 8L’
finds 0 60630004 vap flew, Kai WGPLGLG‘TViKGL row
I I 0 Q Q 2
Banan as Scarred-Om So xo vaw ad) awewpa
'n
'
o v om'
m , avro v ;
730179621; e'
re'
pm s if (51;
5fidneL (include o
a nd alas 761"
V A<I>t m ro s Kai e
’
u OLaLs 17V rapaxaLs 6171
7 007 018, 6: ro w e’
m a‘rohwv raw e
’
xewo v paflna'
etrfle a m a s
Hekon'éwn(ro v erremrev . xaL )Léye Tauru s ha w, Lw2 A C I I Ia 8171
'
s 17 em) O'
UVGXGLG.
“
Ka t. whavm m u f
qham p aL Km 7 0.
wohhdW¢t0pa7 a , aa w v o vro s 3Le'
crvpe, rL dfl eLp‘
yaa'
aro .
KaLTOL froM OL n ap vpLLv , d u3pes' Adm/tu m , ye
-
yo vacn
fi'
q'
ropecEvSofm xalp eyaikm orpb e’
po i), KaW a rparo s éxefvoc,
1 2 . pm om . A2 .
2 1 8 . a.
vulg 2 , L (w. doxouow ab o ve).ép olgL ; é1relo
'01rré éuol2 ; é1refa07rré not vulg .
7. Gr eat er (owcorr. to er) 2 ; Grep t sv (b efo re at: H. )L ; {t emps L3, vulg . 8.
owéxeca m lom . A2 .
dr ecpydo'
aro (cL co rr. from 11 2 .
L36rd.
’AO. A2 ;
61 1 vulg . ; d‘
f t om 2 1, L, A r.
1 M» ; vul .gs2 1 9 . 1 . Y (L: o vern) F .
The whole passage wo uld b e o f certainsuccess in our Parliam ent. (This quo tation is m uch ab ridged. )
2 10. 1 . CV in the
belief , correspo nding to év Owlau , b o th
deno ting what o ccupied their m inds .
2 . to More
w/Lo [Lad seem ed likely to need kelp,i. e .
o urselves .
3 . 64“i v lwpam v, in antithesis toéf u
'
w (not: cf.
«61 06s, fps-
or, i.e . ou rselves : fo r the accus.
see X en . Oec. n , 23, o uwépa at’
rro‘
L‘
s
¢tk o vs elven ,where ¢DtoLswo uld b e m o re
com m on (G .
4 . 5011061! M om s : sub j . o f r epLeL
af fix“, it lead com e about—oh : ifl b‘a
M s : cf. g 1954
.
6. lm oki v : fo r an earlier letter o fPhilip to Peloponnesus asking for help,
rfir fioqflelas V6, B (rots o ver 3 . woulg‘
ovo'w (fo r 60x06“:
ar’
rron): E, L, Al. 2 ; at’rrou vulg .
5. m fo r olaLs Ll (se e Vom .
dom e
t kdvot 2 , L, A 1 , B’
«3 ’AO. A 1 .
see 5 1 56.
8. «M m refers especially to his
frequent jo urneys to Theb es while the
nego tiations were go ing o n , and also to
his o ther em b assies (cf. 59. SW : see the general ridicule
o f his decrees in Aesch . m . to ol“
. Thisrem ark m ay perhaps refer to the fierce
criticism o f the term s o f the alliance withTheb es (m . 14 1
- 'r( i m m i
cwro : the po sition o f 1 " is em phaticcf. axétbacfle 1 63 , 2 We sho uldexpect m éxeta etc. to b e in the accus .
b y the usualattractio n ; b ut they are far
m ore expressive as they stand.
2 10—2 2 1 were spoken while the
clerk was preparing to read the letters o f
Philip.
§2 10. a. KM am n he fam o us
o rator who se eloquence is said to have
TIEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY 157
ApLa'
rodwv, Ke'
diaho s, Opaa vBo vho s‘
, erepa pvpLo v tilt).
0mm; o vSeLs n aivrore ro vrwv 8La n av‘
ro s"
Sa mev eavro v eLs
o v8€v 17) n oXeL, ah). o nev ypadm v o vx av 5
o 86 npeaBevwv avn av eypatpev . vsre'
heure yap avrwv
Exam -
as e'
avrq'
i dpa )Lév fiam aivnv , Lina 8’
63 TL ye’
vow’
3 I I 1“ U i A c Aavadsopav . TL o vv ; a r m a s av , O
'
u To a o vro v vrrepnpas 220
Kai. rdhpp (Lia rs m iw a 1r0LeLv airro'
s ; o i) rain '
a )Léyw,
2 2 Q 2 I I I Iah). o vrco s
‘ “ren ew -
vvv p eyav eLvaL ro v KareLha ora v 8vvo vo I v 2 2 2 I I 2 I 2 I
m v n oXLv wa r o vx GSOKGL )LOLxwpav o u8£ 1rpo v0Lav o vsepLLavA 2 I 2 I I 2 2 2 f 2
7 179 L8Lae am paheLas‘ 8L80vaL, ah). aya
‘
m rro v eLvaL cLa ev 5I d A I 2 I C 2
n apahem'wv a 8a npafeLev . en en ewymv 8 v1r6p spam
-
av ,22 1
4 . n euron v'
oe 2 , L, A I rat’rr . fl irt . vulg . dédwxev vt éhem e
2 , L‘; im ehefr ero L2 (m g . vulg . yévOL
-r’2 , L, A 1 7 t
‘
yvoL-ro vulg .
2 20. 2 . ro t): ahkcus after Tokay L9, vulg . b e fo re ,6q A 1 o m . 2 , L1
.
ru i‘
tra M 7 10 Z , L ,hé‘yw rav
‘ra vulg .
dipav (for xé pav) A 1 . 2 ; épar (fo r LipaseA 1 , Y .
§2 2 1 . 1 , 2 . lr u elonnv ”
first inspired Dem o sthenes (as a b o y) todevo te him self to o rato ry : see no te on
5 997
3 . see no te o n §7o‘
.
M akes : see 2 51 .-Opao
-
1'
1Bovhos , o f
Collytus , who served under his distingu ished nam esake in the Resto ratio n o f
403 B.C. (xx1v . He was afterwards
a warm friend o f Theb es : see Aesch .
111. 1 38, dvhp év Ofifiau m o revdels Lbs
oddels Grapes. Cf. also Lys . XXV I . 2 124 ; X en . Hell. v . 1 , 26. (West. )4 . Std. n awds, throughout ; like Lin
-Mir,887. 1 79
°
5 . 0611 i v hrpéo-
flcww m lypawwe o ften useb o th iterative (M .T.
would in such iterative expressions, withno po tentialforce ; as he would ofi en tell
m e stories (see M .T.
7 pad-7 6m m enjoym ent of ease—d
7 1. 16mm" dvadnopdv, i.e . som e retreat
in case of accident : e ! 7 1 yévorro depends
on an apodos is im plied in dva¢opdv
so m ething to which he could retreat
cf. Aeschyl. Sept. 101 5, «in der’dra
a'rarfipa " . el pl); 0a?w 7 1: (07 7)Bop! (M .T. The direct fo rm , My 7 1
yérm-
cL, m ight have b een used : see
Aesch . 11 . 104 , xaréhwov rip cl:
m d. 7 6v xareLh . O . 4 . rfim ike: B .
01566v <l> (7p). 6. r apa
.Spws 6’
om . 01 , u
rt) d¢avés dva¢opdv 11» pl); r effiwaev . The
m ean ing com es from the m iddle dva¢é~peo
'OaL, to carry oneself back . But see
Harpo cr. dva¢opdv, with reference to
this passage : ‘rb dvacpépew The alrlav 1 67
dyaprndévrwv Jr’dhhovs.
5 2 20. 1 . Mrspiipas ; dz'
dyou excel?
ab solutely , or po ss ibly sc. rod-rout.
2 M m: 1 . e . so as to need no Liva
¢°P¢ (5
ly convinced myself. If oth e r is taken
with [Lé‘yav (BL), tb'
a'
r'
ct’
m 3 61161 (4)seem so ut o f place .
4 . M um is first personal(se . 6 xiv
dvvos) ; then (witho ut cdx) understood as
im personalwith dya'n rrbv elvaL.
5 . in the directfo rm , dyam év 60'
e e'
dv dc? wpdk’
n,
we m ust be content (im pers .) if we (shall)do our duty , om itting n othing . édv rLs
npdS-
am ight have b een retained (see no teo n Q6. d 82t= ra déovra
, our duty : 6 is
here felt as a definite relative ; b utwith a slight change tn the view it m ighthave b een a he My o r 6 8601 (Do b ree
’s
co njecture), with co nditional force . Apresent indicative is seldom changed to
AHMOZOENOYZ
f vx6v )Lév dvaLa fl'
qréiv, dam s 8’
e’
n erreia pnv, pairs ypq o vT’
dv e’
po i) ypa'
allaL Be’
hn o v a e’
va mire n'
poffl'
o vra npdfaL,
mire npeaBevov‘
L-
a vpeaBeva aL npo flvpdrepo v 11 1782 8a L6
5 Tepo v . Sui. f ain"
év nam v e’
pavrov e'
ra'rro v . keg-ye rds
e’
m a'rohas 7 013 (b drm-
r o v .
EHIETOAAI .
Eis rafrra nare'
o m a e (DLXLm ro v 1) e’
pn) v t 'reL
'
a , Aio '
xivr)rav'
r‘
qv rr)v d1esv éxeifvo s Kai. apaa eis rd.
1rp6rovf wv rfi m ikeL e’
n'
a LpdpLevo s Xdyo vs . Livfl°
(51! 8LKaL'
ws
e’
o'rediavodpmv 1511-6 “
rov vi, Kai av n apdiv o im dv‘
re'
heyes,
5 683 ypatlsapevo s ALaivSas 76 )Le'
po s‘
76v tinfdmv aim fi afiev .
I A I I 2 IKat )LOLhafie “ram
-
a 7 a (lendsw'
para 7 a 7 07 6 ,,Lev an on ecfievyora ,
15176rovf o v 8’
01532ypatpe'
vra .
2 . b m o om wv -ar o ver -wv) L , dva won‘
ré‘
wu, som e o ther MSS . (see Vom . Tho m .
Mag ., m o st edd. ; dvalaOm
-
ar (adv . E, vulg . B1. 3 . 4m m épov 41, B (av ino re(pov Y , O. f pdrrov
'rd n O, F . 4. rpeo
'
fievovra o m . M ae(be8m . I), L ; m ire vulg. 5 . 7 64 17 2 , L . V6; ar aa tv vulg.
0keys 8b Q.
6. ras rov E, L , Q, A 1 . 2 ; om . B, v .ulg m o .
9 2 2 2 . 2 .
H
d¢iixs vulg . ; om . 2 , L1. 3 . rfi t
s
bk . Gratp. X67 .
2 , L , vulg . m t ék . A67 . it aLp. A 1 ; My . Ti) 7 6k ér a1p. A2 . 5 . A168“ A 1 .
76 uépos 23, L ; 7 8 f lair-
rov pi pes vulg . (See 1032 6 kafle 2 ; hdfie L’ ;
7147 4 L’, vulg . rd. rdrc Me 2 (b y L, vulg . om . 2 1 . 7 . of: A 2 .
the optative in such definite relativeclauses, as Li 8601 wo uld naturally suggesta 8617 here as the direct form ; b ut
when no am b igu ity can arise , the optativeis som etim es fo und, as in X en . Hell. v .
4 , 8, eta-
cv 67 1 dv8pa 470: Or eIpEaL 8601 ,where the antecedent o f be is definite .
s2 2 1 . 1 , 2 . h u dcpqv (repeated):see no te o n 5 199
” (end).2 . f vxdv,perhaps, accus . ab sol. (M .T.
—6vaLo -01rr3v : I follow Viim el,
Bekk . , andWest. in this reading, though001111017767 (adv. )has better MS . authority.4 m ,
nevertheless , with reference to
«b a tsm an—pi?" the directfo rm wo uld b e 061
"
a» incl? yaw/ac6011
-
Lav ov8els : for thus usedwith theinfin . in or. obl. , see M .T. 685. See Plat.Ap. 37 A, and Liddelland Sco tt, art.B . 5, c. b b elongs to t patru ,
and f peo'
fieiiacu , and M fl ov to b o th
g 2 2 2 . 3. h at-96410 02 : Harpo cr
dvrlrov“
i t ava r e tvéne v o s, Anq évns
iv L'
nrép Km upfirros. Cf. 11131 . 1 53,068811 dv L
'
mi'
v slxev b areb aaflat ¢oflep6v
(o f threats o f Philip) ; and Eur. Iph . T .
1484 , 7 11 15010 8d hdyxnv fir Gr aipopat
£évots (o f a spear uplifted to strike ). (BL)éraLphnevos is im perfect, as is shown byrd t pdrovrwv.
4 . nap-iv, though present : see 835
and
5. Ad as : m entionedwith co ntem ptin 5 249
7. He is said (Vit. x. Orat. ,
Dem . 72)to have indicted also the decree
o f Aristonicus (55 83 , —ad pipessee no tes on 55 2663 .
6. “db -
para : for the pluralsee no te
on 5 2 235. J 'a
-
cerm acqu itted (o nthe 7m rm 'ém v)=7 64160707 W m .
xxm . 58. is the decree on trial.
7 . W e" , indicted : cf. ypapb ra,
proposed, 5 See note on g
AHMOZGENOYZ
22 5 rrpoltaBeLv . 015K fiv, oipaL, 767 e 6 vvvi. 270Leiv, e’
x
n ahau’
hv xpd v Kai. tirqtpw'
pafrwv n ohhéiv éxhéfavra Li. pairsn
'
poy'
SeL pudeis prjr’
dv 931701) rrjpepo v pnflijvaL, 8LaBLiM eLv ,
Kai p ereveyxdvra 7 069 xpcivo vg Kai. 17p0¢0fa eLs° dvri rav
5 41608629 pterafle'
vra 7 039 n enpayp e'
vm s‘ So xeiv 7 L
226 héyetv . 013K riv 767 6 ra 1'
3ra , a’
NL’
6172 7 179 dltnfleias . 67 1297wv epym v, erL )Lepwqpe
'
vwv v v Ka t. p o vo v o vx c’
v ra L9
xepo nv Exaa'
r éxovrwv, 7°
05e ; éyLyvo vr dv 0L héym .
8L617 £p 7 069 rrap’
airrd. 7d. rrpofypar’
e’
he'
yxovs <e v viiv
5 fik eL, pnrdpwv dyeiiva vapilwv, (6'
s 7’
e’
pto i. 8o k ei, Ka i. 013xi 76v
n ev t revpLe'
vwv e’
fe’
7 a0'
Lv 11'
0L'
rjo eLv Kai Xé'yo v xpL'
o wv
ofixi 7 017 rfi ndXeL a q‘ie
'
povro s go eo flaL.
t pfv 7 L rourou wpod‘hafie
‘
iv 7 067 0» and rpokafiew byairrov 2 , L ; éavrov vulg .
(See Vdm el.co rr. ; rpoo'hafleLv L
1, AI
°
rpohafie’
iv L’, vulg .
2 2 5 . 1 . 8 2 , L , A 1'
a vulg . t oLe'
L‘
v 2 ; t om L, vulg.
0111 . A2 . 5. 80x15? 7 1 (v o ver 7 1) 2 .
5 2 20. 1 . £7 1 ri): 2 , A 1 ,<I> (7p) ; ir
’
aim ): vulg . en ds 2 , A 1 ;
L,vulg . 2 . uovovovxlL
9. 3 . rdvres 0m . V6. 4 . viiv 2 , L‘, A 1
vvv flo repov vulg . 5 . dis 7’incl2 , L ; Les 1G,LLoL vulg . ; ws inclA 1 . 6. i17 0
).apfid v after vuas vulg .° 0111 . E, L‘, A 1 . 7 . odxlE, L ; 015vulg .
5 2 2 8 . 1 . 8 m l. n o u tv : all MSS . 2 . iv rats xcpalv : fo r the figure West.
except 2 have 7 016 for r ou te . Eithercan well b e understood ; b ut here the
appo sitives 8LafidM eLv and 80xei‘
v favo ur
f u el) .
2 . M 181; xphvaw: i.e . the tim e o f
com pares m an i-festus .
3 . m in es 01 M 701 , i. e . the whole
4 .
5. 61776p cf. Thuc. 111.
the peace o f Philoctetes, in regard to
which Aeschines introducedm anydecreeswhich had no realb earing on the argu
m ent (see 111 . 58
3 . pijr'
din . .Mo'iivat, or thoughtwouldbe m entioned to -day (MO-Spat av : moss,av): see M .T . 2 201 . The negatives In? "etc. show that the antecedent o f d is
indefinite —SW V, to m isrepresent
(cast reproach upon) the case .
4 . r as, grounds for action ,
whether true o r false . See no te o n
Dem osthenes still clings to his plea
that the story of the peace is ancienthisto ry . See Essay I . 4 .
5 2 20. 1 . inl. rr'
is d t sfae : cf.
s 1 7’
r ot'haare 8d 7 021
”
E than rapd8eL°
ypa 06
Mywv robs d‘
yé‘
svas rpoofle ovresdhk’
(n ew.
Weilquotes X IX . 2 1 7 : 068é 7dp pnrépwv01
'
18é Mywv «plea was11
°
0Le'
iv, dhh’irrép t pad rwv alaxpfi s Ital
8451s dn okwhhrwv 7 hv drdpxove av alaxti
v1)v sis alrfovs dréaaaOaL.
6 M709 . . .W owos héyov xpfaLr
is a trial of eloquence. Cf. the verb al
form s M -
yor xplveLV and 76 7 3 t L
avmpépov xpiveLv.
With 5 2 26 the o rator ends his grand
com parison (b egun in 5 139) b etween the
part played by Aeschines in rousing the
Am phissian war and his own part in
uniting Athens and Theb es againstPhilip.
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
Eira o odnfleraL, Kai. (final. rrpocnjxetv fig név 06x09€v 29 7
161
9 2 v I s A 2 A Q 9 Q
1)K€7'
exo vres 11'
p 1)p.wv ap ehna at, coo-
n'
ep 8 07 av
o idpevm n epLeLvaL xprjpam'
. 7 91 hoyilna fle, dv xa0ac 30°
Lv
ai. 11113601 xai )Lr)86v n epLfi, 0°
vyxmpeire , 0137 01 xai viiv 7 029 inA I I I
ro v )toyo v (paLvopLevm s rrpo a flea'flaL.
0'
a0p6v, the 60Lxev, e’
a'
ri. Lpbo'
eL rrav
3 2 A A A Ias yap avrov rov o
'
odm v ro urou rrapa228rrerrpaype
'
vo v .
g 2 2 7 .
Geo de A 1 rpoOéaGaL01.
55 2 2 7 —2 90. At 3 226 the proper
defence ends, with the acco unt o f the
alliance with Theb es. The rem ainder o fthe speech, b efo re the epilogue, is devo ted to replies to three argum ents o f
Aesch ines, one co m paring the trialo f thecase to an investigatio n o f an acco unt
(5 2 27 a second charging Dem o
sthenes with b e ing ill- starred 252
and a third charging him with b einga crafty rheto rician (55 276In 2 2 7
—25 1 the orato r refers to the
exhortatio n o f Aeschines to the judges(59—61 ) to cast aside any prejudices infavour o f Dem o sthenes which they m ayhave, and to proceed as they would ifthey were exam ining a long account,
prepared to accept any result which thereckon ing m ay b ring o ut. Aeschinesrefers here only to the facts concern ing thepeace o f Philocrates ; b ut Dem o sthenescho o ses to apply the rem arks to hiswholepoliticallife . While Aeschines referred
only to the deb it side o f the account,
Dem osthenes speaks o f b oth sides, and
especially o f what stands o n the credit
side o f his own account with the state ,
including credit fo r preventing calam itiesby his judicious policy . He ends 251)by turning against Aeschines the case o f
Cephalus , which had b een b rought upagainst him self.5 2 2 7 . 1 . Lira 170415127 111 , then he
puts on airs of wisdom , or becom es very
su btle , with the sam e sarcasm as in 1709606
t apabeL‘
wLaros, 5
G . D .
AoyfteaOe Y, V6, 21 (1) in
a aLpGaLv E (m o ver xadapal u'
m v L , vulg . 5.
6. 67 1 pi) 811111s dv i V6.
Heda aa fle ro ivvv 619 5
dv )Li) 8a im s fi9
0 7 6
dv 2 , A 1 edv L (or xiv), v ulg .
f p0¢aLv. V6. 171160"
2 . dashijm :Aeschines (111. 60) says,mir
’67 097 167 111 pnbév mire xarayva
'
n'wrplv
3 . fl putm xprjpard 7 9 , that one has
a balance in his favours -M M : cf.
Aesch . 111. 59, xadefém oa irlrobs ho
counters are decisive and there is no
balance rem aining . With m o st recent
edito rs, I follow 2 1 and read a aLpLiio Lv,the com m o n text having xabapal tim e ,
which was referred to the co unters b e ingcleared of from the ab acus (M or
dfid ov) : cf. 5 23 19. This was a reckon
ing- board, on which co unters (o rig inally
366511101 ,pebbles)represented units , tens, etc.
acco rding to their position . See the
article Abacus in Sm ith’s Diet. o f Ant.Aeschines says ém ebo as tilt-gals etvaL
8 7 1 a.» abrbs 6 hoyamds alpii, whateverthe accou nt proves (cf. alpei
'
v m a xAé
r rovra), andthere is a strong presum ptionthat Dem o sthenes uses a sim ilar expres
sion in his reply. Blass adopts a aLpLB
aw in the sense o f alpLSe Lv (erweisen) b utknows no o therexam ple . Kbchly quo tes
Dio n . Hal. Ant. Rom . vu . 36, 8 f t 8’
b
a! rhefovs 30W a aLptiiaL, 7 007 0 r a cist
(and again, slightly changed, in herethe m eaning determ ine is b eyond questio n.
note on 5
AHMOZOENOYZ
8eL'
ypa7 09 dip ohdfynxe viiv y’
i)p.8.9 im a'
pxew év a pe'
vo v9
e’
pé pév héyeLv inrép 7fi9 n a7p1f809, a 1’
176v 8’
imép<1>LMm ro v
°
015 .ydp dv pe7 arreiflew e’
CflreL pa) 7 0La157 179 0130179 7 779
229 inrapxo bo ns tin-
ohn'
tpews n epi. éxa7 e'
po v .
Q 9 2
Km )Lr)v 07 L 7 o u
8ixaLa XéyeL )Lerafle'
o flaL 7 a157 17v 76v 86§av dfuiiv, 6’
d8L8d§w 6985019, 015 “0629 M¢0v9 (015 yép 60'
e 6 rav
rrpayp tircov 0137 09 Xo 'yLapL69), dkk’
dvap vn'
O'
xwv gxaa r’
5 iv Bpaxe'
O'
L, hoyLo rais dpa Kai. paiprvtn 7 029 dxo 150v0'
Lv
isn'
iv xpoip evo s . i) ydp e’
pti) rrt reLfa , 179 0157 09 xanryopeL,2 A I A
a e nev 7 o u GnBaLo vs )Le7 ci. <I>Lhim ro v a vvepBaheLv eis 76vI 6 I V A A
xwpav, 0 rravres‘
(po vro , )Lefl'
1°
”v rraparafape'
vo vs e’
xeLvo v
2 30 xwhdew e’
rro ina ev dvrl. 867 017 iv 7 7)’
A7 7 Lxfi 76v ndhepov
eivaL e'
rrraxdo wa 0'
7 Li8La 769 ndhews 6173 7 029 B0Lwrc'
6vC I I a A x e A IopL0L9 yevea flaL a e 86 rov ro v9 kya ras nuas depeLv xaL
5 2 2 8 . 2 .
V6; buds vulg . 4 .
g 2 20. 1 . 7’
06112Oxyrh . pap.
(afterdad» ) vulg . ; o m . E, L’, A 1 .
fiaks‘
ir A 1 . 2 . 8.
avuraparafanévovs A 1 .
2 20. 1 . 7 6v o m . L’, O . 3.
2 2 8 . 2 . rjpfis (so909 2, that it is ass um ed that we (Aesch .
and m yself) have been thusjudged (havethis reputation) : in the direct fo rm dr ip
xouev iv eaévoL. See no te on It
appears that év auaL is always passive(see Ve itch) : cf. Eur. H . F. 1 287, br o
mer ém o’air e
'
v am‘voL, and Thuc. 111 .
«is 06x (wann a . Fo r the active seeDem . Iv . 29, 0611 611013: év rev. Baiter(see Dissen) translates thus : co nfitetur
nunc no s esse cogu ito s (h . e . de no b isconstare) m e qu idem verba facere pro
patria, ipsum vero pro Philippo . The
personalconstruction is like that o f Ar.
Nu b . 918, 7 100100617 1 1 rof r or
’ ’
A01)vaf0Ls
ola 8L8Lio'xeLs dvmjrovs, you shall be
shown (for it shallbe shown ).
4 . pr) rot 0801 12= elpi) roLabrn
fiv. The unique reading o f the.
Oxyrh .
papyrus, br apxobens, is sug
gestive .
2 20. 3. 06 rtOLls ia (co ntinning the figure o f i. e. no t by
viiv 7’E, L ; viiv O ; vvvl vulg . ; om . A 1 .
769 om . Oxyrh . pap.
2 .
86ab o ve line 2 .
hm?! 2 .L ; 11514159
rhe om . 2 1, o ver radn e 2'
7 022 dxobovo'Lv o m . A 1 .
GaeaOaL (after 60160) vulg . o m . 2 , L1, A 1 .
9)q (as ab o ve)0.
m ere arithm etic o r b o ok keeping —01’sfor that is not the way to
reehan af airs of state.
4 . dvaptpvfic xo v lxaLr-r'
he renders
his acco unt, no t b y setting his servicesagainst his sins , b ut by setting the po s itive gain from his public policy againstthe calam ities which would have resulted
from the oppo site policy .
5 . M m ats : in the doub le sense o f
compu ters and comptrollers of accou nts
see no te on 5 ” 77 .— rots 611060901 11
addressed equally to the co urt and the
spectato rs .
7 . pa d and m em phas ize one
another.9. xo kt
'
mv : present, o f the wholebusiness o f checking Philip ; the aor.
aweufiakei‘
v (7) o f an incursio n .
5 2 20. 2 . W 617“ 17 768141, ab o ut
80 m iles see no te o n 1955
.
3 . 7 11160001 : sc. ét ofnae . By 6pf0Lshe m eans thefu rther confines o f Boe otia .
—hno~rds : see no te on 5 and for
164 AHMOZGENOYZ
ola viiv e'
leyes 7 01av7 a Karm idp a, n apasei-
yaa7 a 77l1i7 7 10v 305
Kaififipa7 a Kai. oxvipa7 a p tp ofipevo s (17a'
vv yap 17apa 7 0137 0
5 —01’
Jx 6pés ; —yéy0ve 76. 76v‘
Ell'
rivwv, ei. 7 o v7 i. 70 [ifipta
alla p11) 7 0117 3. Stele'
xflnv eye), 170
861411 xe1pa alla pm
23 3 Ssupi. napnveyxa), all awaw 7 11W epywv av 617 1101761.
Twas dxev dtpoppas 7) v olts Ka1. 7 1.a Suvapets, 07 7 a
npaypaf 6130756111, Kai 7 1'
vas m nnf'yayo v ainfi 7 a 1'
3r'
61710763 e’
ycb , Kai 17 139 eixe 76. 76v e’
vaw iwv. ei7’
ei pév
5 e’
loffl o vs 317051709. 311110111 619, n ap’
dv
€8eixvvev ei 88 walla? 71 6120119, 01511 b y e’
a vxmfiafwa .
83 17 1) 7 0970 rrépev'
yas, i7 13: 1701.1)0'
0r Kai. 01 1017627 6
ci. Swain) ; xpn'
a opa t lciytp.
I Qi
I I
Avvapw p ew 7 01m m elxev 1; v olts 7 0vs m a m as, cux
5 . ovxopas 2 overpa) .
6, 7. 81'v (1. changed to . bevpl2 .
2 8 8 . 1 . a) 1711617 151 A2 . 3.
dopa F, Y . 0'
1m n ov A2 . 5.
6. ébelxrves Y, O‘, F (corn ).
7 . 7 0137 0 17 1) A2 .
5 2 8 8 . 1 . 1) wblss fixer Y .
2 8 2 . 3 . 7 01007 11 : cognate (se .
xam opfipara).—m p28dypa7 a, like the
illustration just discussed cf. t apabely
71117 09 in 5 2281 .
4 . fi p n m wsqwt'vp vos b esides the
expressions (Maura)repeatedbyAeschines(pro b ably with no little exaggeration) in111 . 166, o f which he asks 7 a1
'
57 a
bé 7 1 6177 111 , 13 xlvabos Maura i) Oabnara ;we have in 209, 1 02
“
M 1», dvbpes'
AO1)va
‘
ioc t ep17pd1lta7 é 116°
01711 6177 1: br o1
b an-
1 160014121, quo ted from Dem o sthenes .
See o ther quo tatio ns in 7 1 and 72 ,especially dr oppfifac 7 3: 61min ): 17 1m.
ptaxlav . Im itations ofgestu res (axriuara)are , o f course , harderto detect b utthereis a plain one in 167, xbxlqs r epcbwé
‘
w
o'
eavrov Ele na—« qui 7 007 0 ylyow, de
pend on this . Dissen quo tes Cic. Orat.
8, 2 7 : itaque se purgans iocatur Dem o
sthenes negat in eo po sitas esse fortunas
Graeciae , hoc an illo verb o usus sit, ethuc
an illuc m anum po rrexerit.
5 . cux6962 ; cf. 56. pa) rov-rt: in the second m em ber
rpd-
yaara after Ell-6111011 vulg . A 1 .
n‘
pvxei‘
pa . . . beuplom . F (text), add. m g .
eldfiew E, vulg . do pa Bl (u t videtur, Lips
7d61xfipa7 ¢ V6.
bn a (fo r be)V6.
6! om . V6; or (forav) A2 .
£17v110¢dr7 e11 O ,
.
,N <1> , F(co rr.
o f an alternative indirect question, 111)canb e used as wellas ob .
5 2 8 8 . r. 1119 0 1910111 ; cf. érl riisdlnb elas, 2 261 .
Mog uls, m eans (forwar): dqpopmiis prOperly a starting
-po int, or som etb ingto set outfrom (1541
’1511 bpu67 a1), as in
Thuc. l. 90, re Helowb wno ov 1 6171»
Ma caw lxav'
bv elem a'
vaxtbpmrlv 7 1s xal
d¢opp15m—8w 1£pa s z here in the sam e
general sense as 6.5m m in s 2 34‘(see
no te). b e fo re the renewalo f the war in 340 B.C. Cf. 58. cf. and xxm
24 , 1211 arm . xal bucalws xpfio'
ouac 7 141
M 1
719.
2 8 4 . r. Sbvauw here refers to
sources o f m ilitary pow” , like allies , evenwhen no actualtro ops are included : see
brlln yv lfl réa 06661111. Bo th 81m ium and 8191111111, however, m ay deno te
tro ops : cf. 5 7 1311 t alcu m -iv 81m i
a wv, and so X en . An . 1. 3, 1 2 ,
Gxet “vap or a t r efi v xal lr fl ripv xal
Cf. bwdpe ts 2333.
NEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
3 I v I v
arraw a9, alla 7 ou9 aadevea ra7 ov9 0117 6 yap X 109 0v7 e
C I v I C fl I IP0809 0v7 € Kev pa p60
,
7)w 17V:
xpnparaw86 a vwafwKai 7 s7 7 apafxo v7 a 7 a
'
laV7 a, Kai. 7 a 1
'
ir’
flu fl pOGEGLle-yp e
'
va' 617l1fm v i17 17 1s
'
a 17l1‘
7v 7 511» 07.116i obSéva . 3 325I I I C fl 2 A
17av7wv 1ca 1. ¢0Bepw7 a7 o v Ka t. palta'fi u1rep 7 01V exopwv,
0157 01. n apea xevdxea av 7 0139 n epcxaipovs fl awas gxflpas
d ulias e’
yyw e'
pw, M e-
yape'
a9, Q nfiaio vs, EbBo e'
as. 761. 23 5
7 169 176lew9 0137 1119 brfipxev éxow a , Kai 0158629 b y 5xo 1. 17a
3 . 151117111 0. 4 . r pe nle'
yaéva O .
L , O , F, Vom . , West. , Lips . Cf.
évfloas 01.
§2 8 6. 1 . m l7 2 My A 1 . 2 .
2 . this refers to the earlypart o f 340 D. C.
, when Chios and Rhodeswere independent o f Athens as the result
o f the SocialWar (357— 355 b ut
Byzantium , which then followed Chiosand Rhodes , had already renewed her
friendship see H ist. 55 2 , 63 .
Corcyra, the old friend and ally o f
Athens, had b eco m e ho stile to her b e
fo re 353 D. C. (see xxxv . 202 ; Diod. xv.
95)3 . xpnpd
'm v 176117 125111 : Harpocr.
says , (layer 68 xal ¢6povs «verdicts,br u bi) xalearéis Gaspar ol
'
Ellnves 7 1) 7 1311
¢bpwr 61101111, Kallwrpdrov 007 1-1 Kalb
carros, «is ¢n1n Oebr opr os. (See Thuc.
1 . 96; Arist. P ol. Ath . Aesch . 111 .
The paym ent o f the o riginalassessm ent m ade o n the Delian confederacy b yAristides in 4 78—4 77 B.C. was first called
Mp0: from ¢épw, as Thucydidas explainsit, 067 111 yap 7 1311 xpmuiraw 1)¢cpd. The First Athenian Em pire m adethe nam e odio us , so that, when the new
federatio n was fo rm ed in 378, the term
«(Iv-
raga , agreem ent, was adopted fo r the
annualpaym ent.4 . 176117 1 11111 “ 96110117 11 fdlam
this so rry am o unt o f 45 talents shows thedecline o f the power o f Athens after theSocialWar. The trib ute o f 460 talents
o f the tim e o f Aristides was raised to 600under Pericles (Thuc. 11. and (ifwe
5.
6.
7 . r apeaxeudxeaav A 1 ; 4 116117111: E, L, vulg . , Bk .,Dind. ; r apeaxebaaav A2 , V6.
dr avras A r. 8. Me-
yape'
t‘
s allMss . , Bk . (see Ebfloéas 2 , L , v ulg .
8’1) lr réa vulg . ; 1) om . 2 ,
xal(after 7 6117 11111) om . A r. 2 .
m ay trust Aesch . 11. 1 75 andFlat. Arist.24) to 1 200 o r 1 300 after the Peace o f
Nicias , in large part by the allies com
m uting perso nalservice fo r paym ents o f
m oney (Thuc. 1. The 45 talents
m entioned here m ust b e the m in im um .
We have uncertain accounts o f the later
increase . In [Dem . ] x . 37, 38, the in
co m e o i Athens is stated at 130 talents,
which was afterwards increased to 400
Bo eckh thinks that this m ay have referred
to the annualtrib ute . Dem o sthenes is
said (Vit. x. Orat. 85 1 B, decree) to have
persuaded the allies to give a 7 157 7 115111
m pdrw o f m o re than 500 talents . (SeeBoeckh , Staatsh . d. Ath . 1 . Bk 3, 1 7,
Fo r the Seco nd Athenian Co nfederacy see Grote x. ch. 77 .
—« poi nlq plva, collected in advance, pro bablyb y generals to pay their m ercenaries .
Aeschines (11. 7 1) speaks o f r cpt 70
557114 xal rip bxxlwiay m 00¢6p0v:, 0!
My ralatr uipov: m atch -
as xafl’
81111
17 7 011 611112117611 éffixovra rdlavra elaérpar
See Isoc . IV . 132 .
5 . bullfl w (M ia : fo r the asynde
ton ci. 5 945: m ost MSS . have 1) l1r1réa .
7 . 067 01 : Aeschines and his party.r apcc xwdxm v {1 7 11
-ripe: cf.
flew: 1167 13 rapacxevdfew, Plat.Leg . 803 E.
5 2 8 6. 2 . 057 11: ivr lipxw ixom ,
i. e . this is wlrat we b ad to depend on .
AHMOZOENOYX
7 a 137’
62176211 dll’
0138611 :
76. 83 7 013 <I> 1l1fm rov , 171169 611 1311A A
15111 111 6 0 11511101706 17019. 17701117 011 piév npxe 7 0111 dxolo v
50015117 11111 a13769 a137 0xpd7 a1p, 6 76311 6139 76v m ileno v 1167 107 6112 e I e v 2 2 A 2 I
a 17awa1v'
660°
0v7 01. 7 a o 1rl elxo v ev 7 a 1.s xepa'
tv act:
4 A517617 a xpnpa
'
xwv e13176pe1, Kai Errpa7 7 €v a 86561611 a 137 go , 013 306
npoléywv 631 7 029 dmdnfoyi aaw,0138
’
iv 7 153 ¢avep153 Bo vlevd
pGVOQ, 0138’
131767 11311 0'
v11041av7 015v7 111v apa/611 61109, 01386ypa¢d9I I 2
82 1 I
01A 2
82 2 c A
to d1e11w n apavopwv, o u 1117611 vv09 0111 cu 6111, all a17lw9I Q I 3
23 6 av7 o s 860 1707 719, 177 671 0111 , xvp109 war/7 11111 . 67 111 8 17p09
7 0137 011 dv7 17 e7 a '
ype'
vo s (Kai. y6p 7 0137'
éfe7da a 1 81'
11a 10v)1115p109 1711 ; 0138111169" a137 h ydp 7681711
'
rryopew 1711017 011 ,
013 privo v p e7 eix0v 67 121, if 60011 17p0137 1f069’
7 029 rrap’
5 6316511011 Kai. £7102, Kai. 60"
0137 01. n ept'
ye'
v01v7’
S A 2 2 I A 3 d 0 I Iep o v (170lla 8 e
-
ytyvero 7 av7 a , 81. 1711 m ac-
7 011 7 uxo 1. 17p0
23 7 vrrep 7 13311 e’
xflpwv a flfi7 e Befio vlevp e’
vo a dll’
011019 631 7 01.0v7 111v e’
la7 7wp10i7wv eyd1 a vpaaxo v9 p ev v
617017700. E13301s'
as, Axa 10139, K0p1v010v9, 6nBa 10v9, M e-
yape'
a9,
3 . nv o m . A2 . 4 . 01161111 1706 0. 1'
1fi ipxe V6. dxolobv V6.
5. abroxpdrwp div vulg . 1611 0111 . 2 , L , F, B, Y . 67 6v . . . r bleaov 2 , L , F ,¢I>
7 111v . . . r bleaov, 6Y . 6. év 7 11 1: xepalv elxov A 1'
elxov iv 7 a1v xepoi‘
v A
l
z
l
.
9. 0116’
2 (7 p), vulg . , V6m . , West. Lips. , Bl. o m . 2 .
N WA I
2 8 0. 4 . 11611011 2 , L , A I , B ;“11611011 L
, V6; 17p01'
17 1'
06170’
vulg. 6. 7 av7 a E, 7 01a137 a L, vulg . Exaarov (a o ver
ov) A2 . 7 . dam e 2 ; 61 131 17 1 (o r L, OO , .vulg2 8 7 . 2 . 11611 imfv avupaxov: Meyapéa: MSS .
. arav
5. bpoii, i . e . as oftenas they got the better of m e . The o m ittedantecedent o f617
'
is seen in 7 11 130’
7 . 013 1 510l . .povlrvbpevos z two
im po rtant advantages o f a despo tism in
war. Athens is no t the last free state
which has suffered fro m the o ppo site 6. 7 13x01 (M .T . sc.
‘
yevbuevov .
evils . See Iso o . 1 11 . 18, 19. 7 . i. e . just so
9. was wanting in often hadyou taken cou nselin the enemy'
s
the o riginaltext o f 2 , and po ssibly is a interestwhe nyou left the Assem bly : 7 1160’
reading which Dem o sthenes him self te
placed by the followingW ith the whole passage com pare 249and I . 4 .
5 2 8 8 . 3 . 17967 011, to beg in with
cf. xx . 54 , 6lbyo: rp137 0v alap s.
4 . per- 11x01" aer im plies the sharing
o f the right which the preceding clause
states. cf. IV . 1 , elrpotirf
067 0lb’yew.
(cognate with flefiovlevpévot) are the Boulebaara in which r ept
'
yévowr’611013 , and
these co unsels yo u always too k in the
enem y’s interest. Cf. Ando c. 111. 29,
tv fioblevaa 7 010137 0v éflo vlevadm da ; andThuc . 11 . laov 7 1 6f11a10v (se . 5013levpa) fiovlebeadm .
5 2 8 7 . 2 . bit 7 010137 0111 llafl o pdm ,
i.e . with such disadvantages at the o ut
set.—0-
11|1p1£x0112 l1rof1‘1ra : this refers
AHMOZOENOYI
I A 0 v I
1701161 1101 170411011 7 0117 67 11013369, e11rep 611686x67 0 710700. 7 0119I 8 Q 3 I 3 Q
710p0117 09 1101p0119, 611 o i9 aux 00 173o 011600. 0A). 000.
5 8011) 7 0. 17110771 07 6861 86x60001° 0o ydp 6. 117 10110vp161109 1101
7 dx13 7 0139 170p 1711 1311 17p00'8656p61109
xp17’
1107 0. 17p00017'
0 1011 fiflfipxev 67 011109.
111311 617i 7 029 17617p07 116'
11019 110707 011509 6x10, 7 5
036006, 767’
7 0157 1011
0317600011 111i. 17 191619 11ai. 177100606117 0 <I> 1M17 7rgo , 110i. E13301fa 9110i. 8 77781311 110i BvCavfl fo v 1115p109 7 1: 17016311 47
“7 1:
24 1 1167 6111 7 0139 0.110p03170v9 7 o 11ro v0 1i 013x 1219 65686017C 3 I I C A
o vx «19 0001100170011 30011011 61101 [1160v v 68101 ; 617 0.
A C I I s
7 o u p6 1 Ehkqm ro vro v 810. Bv§0117 10111 SYKPGT‘
I)? 110060 7 17116,7 139 0 17 0170110509 789 7 1311
‘
Ehkn'
vwv 11 15p109, 176A61109 8’
9 I I
5 0,10p09 Bapu9 619 7 1711 A7 7 111 1711 810 8 713011011 KGKOILLO‘
TG L,1? 3 C I Q A A I C I0.17110v9 8 7) 001107 7 0. 0110 7 1011 611 EvBo 109
4 . 7 0116117 0 (0 ab o ve) 2 . 600 1)Bov)\611 600 E, 600 6001111611600 A 1 . 2, 41 ; 600 611
fio vk11'
111600 L, vulg . 6. 13111011 V6. ” 10066116110 09 02 4 0. 2 . cl7 67
’611011 2 , A 1 . 2 , B 61 1 61
" L ; 61 7 07 ’ 611011 vulg .
r cpt 7 0117 011 2 ,L, F1 r ep! 7 0117 1011 vulg . , edd. 4 . i
‘
0117 11:111 V6. 5 . “7 6111016006 A 1 ; 7 0117 01101 016006 B (7 p), Y , 0 (m g . 016006 (here) o m . E, L, O
‘,<l> , F .
2 4 1 . 2 . mix 10: 11q 00170011 vulg. 01’
1x o m . 2 1 (added ab ove the line), Bl.11111011 2 , L , 47111011 vulg . 3 . 3 11301 7 1011 A2 , Reiske . 1107607 17 A 1 , Y,
<1> (7 p),B (1p); 1100607 11116 2 ,
L, vulg . ; 41017 170: add. L , 0m . 2 1 (added atend o f
line), vulg. 4 . 111111103 L (abo ve line), vulg . ;
1
7670116 om . 2 , A 1 . 6. £11
o m . Z, L (added by rst hand).
5 8 8 9 . 3 . 1 011611, i. e . in the As
sem bly, as Aesch. regularly was see
5273l.
- ¢tfl p“686x67 0:se . 7 0177 0 7 pd¢611u
in the crises wrong/1which we were tlien living .
4 . m ix not all that
we wanted (continuously), bu t allMat
circum stance: (o n each occasio n) allowedas (M .T. cdx600 fiovkol11600 wo uldhave m eant not alltliat we wanted in
5 02
117 011q (conative) biddingagainst us (trying to buy)6. ready
to reeeive t/1em and to pay tlzem too (new )for com ing .
8 4 0. r. vim : oppo sed to
dfi iM om—h l ro ts m payplm e, i.e .
for wliat I actually did, oppo sed to the
following suppo sitio n (2) that I did
nothings—d (511 016006: 17016211 wo uld
naturally follow here, 0311 having its co mm on place b efo re ot6006 (M .T. cf.
5 2 1 53
. Bu t the lo ng pro tasis 62 767’
1107607 1) causes 7 ! and 011 to b e repeated
with 17016211 cf. 1x. 35, 7 1'
0l6006,61r6160v . 3 7611177 01, 7 1 1 01606111
2 . dxptpokoyovplm , qu ibbling , split
ting hairs , part o f the unrealco ndition .
4 . 7 ! r ou tv 611 11 7 ! W 111 represents
7 1 6170101111 1) 61167 011 ; cf. 5 24 17 .
§8 4 L 1 . m ix: sc . 067 011 d’
r.
3—7 . 7 01? 14701
101 ; this
seem s to b e a continuatio n o f the indirectquo tatio n, with 0011 011 {M1
701 1119 under
stood. But there m ay b e a change to a
direct quo tation after 617 0, without 153, asV6m . andWest. take it.
TIEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY 169
X7707 0311 767 011611 01311 7 067’
63167011 , 110617o 7 6 177169I V 3 A C
7 au7 019 67 6p0 ; 1701117p011 , a i18pe9 A017110101, 17011 1711011 0 0 11110
160111 7 179 062 110i. 170.117 0x60611 73030 11011011 110i. 1601057 1011 1
7 0137 0
8\ e I a e e 2 2
8\ s 2 A
6 d>v061 11 1110809 7 d 11ope17r1o 11 60 7 111 , o u 611 f f apx179e $
8, 2 e 2 1
W169 1761701771109 o v 6h6v06p011 , 0117 07pa1
y11109 77 10171109,07000710209 01311671009, 1707160 177109 76177 10703 7 1: ydp 1) 07) 58611167 179 6139 611770 111
“61161 777\
1707 70681 ; 11 1311 1571211 Kéya s 176pi 24 3
7 1011 n apelt-
q 067 a111 ; 030 77611 G:7 19 1307 1169 0006110130 1A I I I f I308 7 019 1107.1 110v0 111 610 11011 71 17 X67 01 71 1786 8601v 1 81 1011 0170416v
50117 01 1160011 , 6176181} 86701 6117 170616 7 19 0137 0311 110i. 70.
7 . A2 ; 0
5 8 4 8 . 1 .
All, vulg . 4 .
Y vulg . ; o m
15 (b efo re m p 0) vulg . ; om . 2 , L’. a.
61 16s if 0px. 17617 . A 1 ; 0px. 17 617 . 137 . A2 . 6.
first 110! cm . Q . 3 . 111110160:
1 1? 2
8 4 8 . 1 . 1'
1176p 41 . 3 . 61011217 om . My“ 1117666611111 1317 2 ; My”66111111317A2 ; Ah a 11. 661117 1561 V6; two opt. vulg . 4 . 61 616011 A t .
8 4 8 . 2 . m w0x606v, in every way 0xln 711 007 10 64117, 617 61 11070 7 17» xa'
vpar
(from every side). cf. Lvu .
34 (end)
3 . ¢6¢ fl 14 110809 , a beast by his
ve1y natu re : 111110601 nascitur, 01111o7 179 fin—7 6110961
11011, hom u nculu s , refers
to m entalno t to bodily stature .
4 . M fipov , i.e . wo rthy o f a free - b o rn
Athenian : cf. 11176611 6K6606p011 111710111311,Soph . Phil. loo6. 0160171109 ,0 natu raltragic ape : Schol. 011100611 1101dd 60117 00 (x61 7 6
seem s to have the sam e force as in
3 Harpo cr. under 7 7101 1 1167
1 1017110: has : (01116 Nyeu 7 0070 673177 1011101 1101 17671! 1317611711017 drvxo iirror
Al0xlr1011, 1111111411001167 011 1101 710» 7 p0-
y1p601h
1) 7 110111966211 6117 07161100. Paroem . Gr. 1.
p. 375 : 61 2 7 1131 r ap’
aem vvouévwv.
These describ e b o th the im itative and theb oastfulape . Cf. § 7 1107 11163 9601171111171 .
5. 0710117101109 0111691102 : see 5 180“
andno te . Aeschines is called rustic, pro
bab ly b ecause he m urderedOeno m aus”
at the co untry Dio nysia (7 011 1107 ’which were som etim es celeb rated by
perform ances in the theatre o f Collytus
(Aesch. 1 . though this was a citydem e . (See Blass. ) See Hesych . under
dpo vpa‘
io s 0111611 007 : An1100067 171 Ai
176p111007 0311 131 611710167 0 2041011716011: 7 611 Oi
116110011 . Westerm ann sees in dpoupai‘
os
an allusio n to Aeschines as 0610 . . 011Mté1
71011 as the m o ther o f Euripideswas called dpo upala 0663 (Ar. Ran . 840)as a vender o f vegetab les . But the m ean
ing o f 261 is to o do ub tfulto b u ildupo n .
4 091101 77102 , cou nterfeit : Harpocr. has
611 1167 0¢0p01 6171177 01 07 670111 7 011-101107 1011 ,1 . 7 .x. See xxrv . 2 13, and Ar. Ach. 5 18.
5 8 4 8 . 1 . vflv “1019 : 11137 has
great em phasis, and is repeated in 7is th is the tim e you tahe to talh to us ofthe past 1
°
2 . 8 17 1760811 (se . 17010117) cl: i.e . in
talking to us o f the past now you act as
a physician (would act) rf he etc. If
17010117 had b een expressed with 011 , 107 7167would b e its subject.
3 .170“ 11011110001 11 : the generalterm
fo r patients , no t m erely while they are
ill(0006110601) b ut also after they are dead(61761617 7 611607 30616 —6l0uiv, i.e . in his
visits . 31107 0W “ : final.
4 . but when one ofthem had died and his relatives were
carrying qfl'
erings to his tom b (allpart o fthe suppo s itio n), depending o n 6L . .616£101
(M .T. 1 77, 558, cf. Plat. Phaed.
AHMUI OENOYI
5 11071 12325061? 0137 173 16671017 0, ci110h0v00311 6173. 76 71 11 17700 6161336017 6 1ca i. 7 6 61
17 051170 611 0'
110pw17 09 0137 00 2, 01311 011
017600 11 611 . 6073706117 106, 667 0 11 1311 héya q ;
O13 7 01'
11v11 01366 7611 67 7 011 , 7 0157 77 yavpbqs1
77076116111 06, w 0136611i. 7 11311 n ap
yeyo vv1011 613017067 6 7 77 170A61 . 0v7 w0 1 66M LCGO‘GG. 0136071013
61701 1770603611769 617671 1601711 1341’
1371 1311 6761, 67 7 170629
5 . 010111017 0 23, <l> . 61657761 V6. 6. 011077101707 MSS . ; Bk . 067 0s Y067 1001O’. o m . Y .
g 2 4 4 . 1— 3 . pap. (as in 1 .
A 1 , Reiske . 2 . 611011 A 1 . 2 . 3 . 6130170177 6 0. 0137 . 66M 1
7 13: om . V6.
4 . 617011 B‘ . A 1 . 2 . 17001301011 A2 .
72 C, 6176166660170001101, 1161101 . 70110711 po ints o ut a present perso n or thing ; asare the cu stom ary o fferings to the
dead b ro ught o n the thirdand ninth days after death : 7 6. 110701167.10vs ¢6p606110 7 6117102: Fo rv iews o f such o fferings see Sm ith ’s Dict.Antiq. 1 . p. 888, andGardnerandJevons
’
s
Greek Antiq. p. 367. Aeschines (2 2 5)predicts that Dem o sthenes willuse thisillustration, and (189) that he willalludeto Philam m o n the b o xer (which he do esin 3 19) b o th predictio ns were o f co urse
inserted after the trial. Aesch ines says,7 6h6v7600117 07 66 6h01
‘
011 617 70 6110 7 0
6165101, and Dem osthenes pro bably refersto these ninth-day o fferings . 70 110111
3606110 ¢60017 0 is o ften referred to the
funeralitself ; b ut it is difficult to explain¢épo1ro in this sense , even if we suppo se
an allusio n to the 617100700.
5. 76 71116710,the tom b
,b u ilt ab o ve
gro und, which m ay at the sam e tim e b e
a m o num ent: cf. 011611001 , 2087 . In
the sam e do ub le sense we m ust take
in the fam o us passage , Thuc. 11 .
01160171111
7100 67 10107 1311 17000 7 1370002.
6. 761101 76, this and that, o ne o f the
few colloqu ial relics o f the pro nom inalarticle : see 111 . 68, 6661 1100 7 6 1101 7 6
7 016001 1101 7 6 1 016000—011000170C0617001 : so all the MSS . , while recent
edito rs adopt Bekker’s 6200101707 . But
the article m ay b e o m itted with dem on
stratives when the prono un em phatically
Plat. Go rg . 489 B, 067 0010116006 7 017067 01
cphvapibv, and 505C, 0670: 06x 6170
7161161 03¢6h0606vos z see Thuc. 1 . 111361
(11621101 Gn u-M ovm , yonder are ships sail
ing up. See Gerth’
s K iihner, 11 . 1 ,
by fipov76: cf. 60065007 7 170001, xxx. 23 1 .
Fo r the relatio n o f these wo rds tto 7 676
1001001 see no te o n 1 —6l7 0 7011 M1619 ;see note on 1 . Many edito rs take 611506117 177 6. .Mya s; as addressedto the physicianb y one o f the relatives . It. seem s to m e
that it is addressed directly to Aeschines ,as a question which wo uld apply also to
the physician with whom he is com pared:
cf. 111311 M7160 ;
5 8 4 4 . 1 . 7 1711 177 7011 : still hav ingin m ind the figure o f the recko ning
he now argues that the chiefitem which his enem ies place o n the
deb it side, the defeat o f Chaero nea, canno t justly b e charged to him (cf. 710-7 !
in
2 .17611 1709
'
of what I was
responsible for.
4 . 61701 6176714101721 : fo r the difierencein co nstructio n between this and 67 01
1760410611711 in §45 (referring to the sam e
thing), and fo r 611 air 11p07 1706'
1‘
611 see
no te o n Little is known o f anyo f these em bassies o f Dem o sthenes except
those to Byzantium 87—89) and
Theb es 2 1 1 iii ). In 111 . 72 there is a
AHMOZOENOYZ
I I d A I Iayvom s, ¢Lko veLKLae, a. WOXLTLKG. ra ts apo o eavw 309
dm im u g Kai. oiv xa'
ia apap‘
njpara ,
“rave
,
the dc éhafxta'
ra.
o va-
reZAaL, Kai rovvam ’fo v eis opovm av Kai. ¢Lk6a v Kai 7 05)
rd. Se'
o vra a ctetv dppnjv wporpéxbaL. Ka i )LOL warm .
I I 9 3 3
1rerromraL, xaL o vSeLs )Lmrofl evpn Ira-
r eye o vSev eM eL
I I If C N I A I¢0€lh eL
“rowvv rLs ep0L0
’
owwo vv 7 L0'
L 7 a ahewrra Q LhLm ro g
1 ‘ v
awKare'
fl pafe 3Lqm1ja afro , fl dw eg av eu ro usv rq) m parorre'
ScpKai 7 c?» 8L36va L Kai. 8La¢0€fpew rov9 érri 76v fl paypafiraw.
A Ao i mo vv raw ).Léu v dp ewv 0171's m ipLo s 050
’
fiyepcbv nu0 A A
s m o re 068’
o N57 09 raw Kurd. ravra wpaxflém'wv wpb g e
’
pe’
.
Kai. ).L'bv 8La¢0apfiva L xprjpaaw i) ) i K expdm xa (Di
6. will“ (for r oh rtxa) A t . xal(fo r rats)0. 7 . Lbs cl0; els o m . L, V6.
éhdxw‘ra E, L ; éhdxw'
rov vulg . 8 . auro ra hat (v with E ; avarfivaL V6¢LMav dya
‘
yei‘
v A t . 2 . rbv o ver 1 06 ro v L,Lips . 9.
‘
rpétI/tu Qray -
fa pm Y . to . mirror: d pwirwv vulg . ; drop. om . E , L‘, A t . 2 . clip” 2 ,
L,vulg . ; eflpm F . 16xar
’
e’
ué vulg .
‘
ro om . 2 , L‘. ékhet¢0év (o ne Aab o ve )2 .
§2 4 7 . 1 . {pa ra arm o ur E, L, Al ; ow . 6p. vulg . 4 . ovvauévwv A I .
5 . sis in! F , Q . 6. f tp“
6La¢0. xp. iiMy2 , L', ir, Q (7p), Al ; 1 6p i) 6La¢0.
‘xp.
L (co rr. B, 01 ; f tp ¢0apijrat xp. 1) My A2 ; rep dcapo. xp. Q ; 7 6 6La¢0. xp. 1'
i pi)West. rov 7 c 6La¢0. xp. Bl. éxpd
‘
m xa A2 . QD\L1r-r ov E ; Q chlr r ov L, vulg .
6. « ohvrutd rats « ohm , m kcrm t in som etim es m eans to shorten sail, as in
(free) govcm m ents : a striking case o f a
favo urite Greek fo rm o f em phasis, whichrepeats the idea o f a no un in an adjective .
Here the whole idea co uld have been
expressed e ither b y r oXL‘rtxd o r by olxe’
ia
f airwoken ; b ut it is m ade do ubly stro ngby t okLe a rai
‘
s rékeac. The Greek
co nstantly em phasizes by what we shouldcall tautology , as in the repetitio n o f
negatives . In Aeschyl. Ag . 56, 01v
Opoov 76Wdfvfioay , we have a rem arkable
case o f em phatic repetition , where the
whole idea co uld have b een expressed byolwvéiv 760V 695m s/trillcry of birth , b ut
the idea o f cry is added in b o th adjectives .
r bkeat here has the sam e reference to free
go vernm ents which is usually im plied iniron -
rein (see no te on cf. Soph .
Ant. 737 , f ans yap o r’
m laO'
171-Ls dwbpéséaO
’éros. With the whole passage cf.
235, 236.
7 . 63 b elo ngs to at: éhdxwra, into t/ie
sm allestpossible compass : see 58 . M N L, to contract: 01:6e
Ar. Ran . 999 ; cf. Eq . 432 , avorelhas robs
dM fivras.
to . wm lqrc s : in the sam e sense as
wérpax'
rat see no te o n 5 —0\38¢l8it m ay b e no ticed that
066“ (no t under) is the o b ject o f on} at)60pm cf. w. 44 , ovoéiror
’
avoér rip /iv or}
My 763717 04 raw deévrwv. This seem s to
show that of: was felt as the leadingnegative in these expressions — nor? {p} :
m o st M SS . have re xar’
as in
5 8 4 7 . 3. fl it 866W“, by m aking
4 . v dpfio v, referring to (" para
m o see no te on 5 2341. m lwho
rqii 6La¢0apfivat (6) co rrespo nds to1 6? p i» Govdp em ,
in place o f a clause
with 66.
5 . ram (i. e . cf. Kara. ‘
r'brarpa
'
m‘
ylav (5 2
6. fl ?»Su fl apfim iipr), in fire m atter
of being corrupted or not, far m ore expres
sive than 113 pd,acacpoapfivm . Cf. xxx.
7, t'
m'ép 7 c rovrpoixa iimi.
TIEPI TOY ZTEQ ANOY
).Lm ro v'
aim rep ydp 6 o’
svoép evo q vex/{Knif e rhu haflév'
ra e’
dv
wpfm a L, 017e 6 pi) M1436») Kai 8La¢0apeis vemfm yxe 76v
évofip evov . (hav e 811521 7 17 09 i) 1ro'
hL9 76 rear"
e’
p e’
.
dl
A pév ro ivvv e’
ycb wapecxdpnv eis 76 Swa in) ; Tam ik a.3 4 3
ypa'
sbew 7 0137 011 n epi e’
pLoi), npb g n ohhoig e‘
re'
pm g rafrra Kai
n aparrkq'
aw. 7 0157 06 e’
crriv -
a 8’
o f. n afwes busts, rain"
7781)Refer. )Le
‘
rd. ydp rijv paxnv ev0v9 6“
Sfipo s, Kai.
eopaxasq m wfl’
00'
enpar'rov eyw, e
’
v at’
n'
o u; row Sewo n m u 5
dwfiepm g e’
pfiefins , nvuc o v8 av pom jo-
c L 7 L Gam ma-
ro v
flu 7 0139 170».o rrpbs épé, npwrov pév n epi aw‘
mpias“h is
m itten) ; rds c’
d yva’
mas e’
xeLporéveL, Kai. rrafvd’
60a TrisA Q 2 I
(fivham jg ever caparrero , 17 8La'
frafte 765V (bvhafxwv, a i.
8. m lbra¢0¢pels 2 , L1unbenew. 2 (7p), L’, vulg .
5 2 4 8 . 2 . rovrovlA l, F.
lo re vulg.
. 5 .
bewa'
is Y
7 . 6 610694 7 03 . conative, he who
would buy .
8. 6miM v Ital swam. 6:
p97 R afie ital8Le¢06pn), b etter than pnbé81a¢0apels, as it m o re clo sely un ites theco rruption with taking the b rib e , he whoref used to tahe the bribe and be corrupted.
2 4 8 . 1 . (In i. e . to
justifyCtesiphon’
s language in his decree :
see 5 57‘
3 . o f. m in es flats : se . r apéaxeab e.
6. lpfieflqxds , standing am id, su r
rounded by : fiéfinxa, stand, is related to
M ane t as 767 m m to slut and xéxrmtat to
lxw. lpl, when m ost
m en m ight have sho wn som e want offeeling towards m e withou t surprisinganyone : this rather awkward translatio nshows the fo rce o f the construction o f
0avuaarbv fir (witho ut dr) and the infinitive , where the chief po tentialfo rce fallso n the infinitive . (See M .T. 4 1 5, 4 16,and Appendix v . p. We naturally(b ut incorrectly) translate when it wouldhave bee n no wonder, throwing the chieffo rce o n b o om er» iv , so that do seem s
necessary : Blass reads 066’
do . The
principle is the sam e as in the m o re
com m o n elxbs fir ac rot'
iro r otfiaat, you
olom . B , A 1 .3.
éwpaxt‘
os MSS . ; bop. Dind. , later edd. (cf.8. fiovhevbperos (after r bhews) 2
2(ab ove line).
would properly have done this, which bya slight change o f em phasis m ight b eslxbs do he as f o il-re ironic
-
ct, it would
have been properjb r you to do this . The
sam e is seen in Eur. Med. 490, el yap2360
’dra w, a vrv ar b v he act 7 006’
épaaOi‘
p at Mxovs, i. e . in that case you
m ight pardonably have been enam oured:
see M .T. 4 221 (last exam ple), while with
do it wo uld m ean it would have been
pardonable in y ou to be enam oured (witha slight change in the em phasis).
lpds yvcipas, my proposals o f
pub lic m easures : this and the followingrd
’
bo a . . é1rpdrrero do no t include suchgeneralm easures fo r the pub lic safety asthe fam ous decree o f Hyperides fo r theenfranchisem ent o f slaves, the recall o fexiles, and sim ilar extrem e pro visio ns(see H ist. An earlierdecree passedafter Chaeronea, which m ay have b eenpropo sed by Dem o sthenes , pro vided fo rthe rem o valo f wom en andchildren fromthe co untry into fo rtified places , anddirected the generals to garriso n allthe
fo rts on the fro ntier with Athenians o r
m etics : see Lycurg . Leocr. 16.
9. 1)“n ewfl iv b u rrow : see Thuc .
II . 24 , ¢oharas raf ter-hom o xard
174 AHMOZOENOYZ
I 3 I I A A I10 racp L, 1 a. e19 1 a. 7 1a xp
'
qpara , 3m . 1 0m enwu drycpw'
pan ov 3
éynfyvero gn eLO’
a ipofip evo s‘
0 11 63q in wdwwv gp’
e’
xeLpoI C A A
24 9 rom a ev 0 Kai p e'
rd. 1 av1 a. o va-
16111 0111 oig fizze’
m p ehés Ka sai}; e’
pen OLeLv, Kaiypaddg, ebovvas, eia ayyehfa g,1 a 1
'
31’
e’
rraydvrwv ).LOL, 015 eavnhv 16 ye npm o v,
fdhha 81. Lou fin ehdpfiavo v dyvofia ea fla t (fa re ydp
5 Svin o v Kai )Le'
pm a fl’
61 1. 1 0139 npairo vq xpdvovg 1971:C Inpe
'
pav extra-
m v e’
xpwdpnv e’
ydp, Kai. 061’
drrévow. Ewa m he'
o vs.v
o v1 e o vxodaw ia Q Lho xpa'
J o vs ofire ALaiv3o v Kai. M ehdw ov
I v «V ’
8\ I I A
)Lam a. o vr ah). o v eu arreLpa1 o v 111) 1 0m m ; xa1 ep o v), eu
1 1 . £11 x iv-
raw o m . V6; éx t auru v 7’
A2 .
§2 4 9 . 1 . yr om . A2 . 4 . d-
yvmjaeo'OaL 2 ,
L (01) o verno ); d7 v0n01jo eo0a 1vulg . 5 . xard. imépav éxdam v 2 , A 1 (axe66v b efo re xa1 a) «11 1 6 iyuépavéxdo‘
n y L ; xa0’ a’
611 . 1311 . vulg . 6. 0v6’
(fo r Y .
7 . 01166(fo r rst 007 6) Y . Mohdw ov 2 , L1,
gA 1 . 2 Mekdvov vulg . 8. 1 02:
(for Q .
and Kara. Odhaaaav, Jar ep (yellow616
t art-6s 1 06110v ¢vhd£em
W a u fl fxn: this sudden re
pairing o f the fo rtifications in the panicafter the b attle has no thing to do withthe m o re elab o rate wo rk on the walls
undertaken in the following year, whenDem o sthenes was 1 e1xor otb s 1
Lycurg us (44) thus describ es the generalenthusiasm 0e 171 1: blade 06
r apéaxero lauriw r bhews
downplay , 67 6 i)M» xtbpa 1 6 6évbpa. awe
fldhhem 01 66 1 e1 ehevm x61 es 16: Ofixas,o i 6b rap 16Gr ha . The sam e excitem ent
prevailed when the walls o f Athens werehastily reb u ilt after the b attle o f Plataea,while Them isto cles kept the Spartansqu iet bydiplom acy : see Thuc. 1 . 90
—93 .
On b o th occasio ns tom b sto nes were used
in b uilding the walls, and so m e o f these
m ay now b e seen in a piece o f the
wallo f Them istocles near the Dipylongate . Dem o sthenes gave a talent to the
state after the b attle o fChaeronea (Vit. x .
Orat. p . 85 1 A).
1 1 . 01 1 16111111, an extrao rdinary o fficialappo inted in specialtim es o f distress toregulate the trade in grain and to guard
against scarcity . The grain trade was
o rdinarily in the charge o f 35 atropbkaxes
(20 in the city, 1 5 in the Piraeus) : see
Arist. P ol. Ath. See Dinarch . I .
78— 82 .
2 4 9 . 1 . pa d 1 am , i. e . after the
first excitem ent, when Philip ’
s partygained co urage at Athens—m i rro r :
gen . ab sol. with the im plied antecedent
o f 02s.
2 . ypadids : here in the m o strestrictedsense o f ordinary pu blic su its, excludingelaawekia, coat/m u , etc. The chief formo f 7pa¢1jhere would b e the wimp?) rapavbm ov 2
3 . 1rdm em phatic appo sition ,
all these, I say—01’s lav-1611, not in
their own nam es : at first the leadingphilippiz ers kept in the background, and
put fo rward such o b scure m en as tho se
m entio ned b elow.
6—8. Lin-611010, pavfa :“the first is the
delib erate desperatio n o f a m an withno thing to lo se , the last the desperationo f blind passio n (Sim cox).—Eo o -
LxMovs
'
Mddm v : So sicles and Melantus are
o therwise unknown ; fo r Diondas see
Philocrates is no t the no to rio usHagnusian who gave his nam e to the
peace o f 346 D.C. (he disappears after hewas condem nedon the elaa-
ryeMa b ro ught
by Hyperides, xxx. b ut an Eleu
sinian (1001. The im itation o f thispassage b y Cicero (Cat. 111. 7) is fam iliar:
176 AHMOI OENOYI
R v 3 6 A I Ilim o
-
upwin d o voya ; o vx o 1 011 Snpo v ewpa. rLdepeuo v, auxI Ito a rave opwpo xm a g 8a 0
'
1 as, aux 6 1 1711 ahndeta v 1rapa.
BeBaLofia'
av ;
No .2, (6170-611 , dhhd. 16 1 013 Kedm
'
o xak6v, 16 pndepiau
ypadn‘
pz ¢e15yew . Kai. Vi) Ai’
ev'
SaLubv ye . (”Ad 1 5udhhov
6 q af 9 )Léu (pvydm ).L176e11051101 e 6’
éfeheyxdeis dSLm'
bv 3 1 I
e’
u e’
yxhfipan yiyuan’
SLd. 1 061 0 Sm aiwg ; 11p69 yeA V 3 A A I 2 A
5 1 o v1 011, 0.116pe9 A01)11aLo L, Km 1 0 1 o u Kedaho v xaho v eL1reL11
r ap6 om . A2 .9. bvoua 1 611 K1 . Y, A2 . to .
§2 61 . 1 . 1 06o m . V6. 2 .
vulg .
9. 1 611 Sip ““Oh-m ow: this repeatedapprovalo f the peo ple refers to the vo tes
m entioned in 248.
10. Sum m i t : se . 1 101111610113 . The
present judges are addre ssed ab ove as if
they had them selves judged the previo uscases — 1 611 104021011 : with specialemphasis , after 1 611 6511011 and roth 61xa0‘ 16s.
This passage is a dignified°
and fittingco nclusio n to the line o f argum ent b e
ginning with g2 2 7 concerning the orato r’s
account (hom o /Lbs) with the state . His
eloquent reply to the appealo f Aeschinesto the judges to act as accountants
naturally led to a statem ent o f the item swhich stood to his credit, giving him a
new oppo rtunity to enlarge on his servicesto Athens and the allusio n to ebbwa: at
the clo se gives a unity to thewhole . Now,
after a b rief allusio n 25 1) to the case
o f Cephalus, to which Aeschines had
appealed, he passes to ano ther m atter.
261 . 1 . 1 6 1 00 KM “ 11a
m ay b e exclam ato ry, there is the glory ofCephalus ; cf. l. 5 . Butxah6v is generallytaken here as predicate to 1 61 017 Ke¢d>tov
(se . em ). (See Aesch . m . ThisCephalus is m entionedab o ve , withCallistratus, Aristo pho n , andThrasyb uluso f Collytus, as if he were their con
tem po rary . He therefo re canno t be the
father o f Lysias, Polem archus, and Eu
thydem us , who Opens the dialogu e o f
Plato ’s Republic with So crates, andwas
¢ebyew 2 , Q Ar; ¢e1ryeiv B ; ¢weii1 2 (7p),3 . 4110611 2 , L, vulg . ; pebywv A 1 .
e‘rlyrjpaos 01
'
1613in the lifetim e o f Socrates ;b utalaterstatesm an ,whowithThrasyb uluso f Collytus was a leader o f the Thebanparty in Athens, and highly respected.
Dinarchus (1 . 76) speaks o f the peo ple o fAthens as n parqyt
'
bv 1 01.01?v 1 e1 vxr)
xios 011011 eta-
ar dprlws, o vuflobhovs 6’
(x07’
Apx‘
iv011 xalKépahov 1611 Kohkvréa . The
generals m entioned were Conon, lphicrates , Chab rias, and Tim o theus ; and
Archino s was o ne o f the resto rers o f the
dem ocracy with the great Thrasyb ulusin 403 (Aesch . It. 1 76, 111 . 187,
For Cephalus see Schaefer 1 . 143 , 1 44 .
the (glo ry o f) never beingunder indictm ent : has the b est
MS . authority, and the continu ity o f a
legalprocess justifies the tense ;ye
‘
lo would m ean sim ply never beingbroughtto trial(equally go od). Aeschines
after m entioning the b oast o f Ari
stopho n that he had b een acqu itted (cit -é
¢vyes1) seventy- five tim es o n the ypapi)r apavbuwv, com pares this with the h igherb o ast o f Cephalus, that he had pro po sedm ore decrees than anyo ther m an , andyet
had never once b een indicted by the
ypapi) r apavbpwv . Dem o sthenes does
no t m entio n this specialsu it, b ut he evi
dently has it in m ind here , as in 54 . 111162 ye 1 110
-1011, so far as this man
is concerned ; i. e . Aeschines has do ne
nothing to prevent m e from m ak ing theb oast o f Cephalus.
111591 TOY ZTEQANOY 177
601 1 p01 . obSeuiav y6p 11161101" e’
ypa'
allard ).Le 068’
éSiwfe
ypacp1‘
711 , (hav e 6116 001? y’
dipohby'
qpm )1 176611 eivaL 1 013
Kecpafhov xeipaw u ohim s.
Hawaxbdev )Léu 1 0111v11 1 19 1601 11611 dv po afiuqv 2 52
Kai. Bam cam a v, o vx 1711 111 1 0. 6 (14> 0111 1repL
1 15x179 éyrh 6’
<is pew, dvdpwa o s 1611
6. 110p16111p 1 15a rrpo tpe'
peL, 6116171 011 1jv y6p
Be’
hn crra. 1rpa'
.1 1 e111 vouiln Kai. dpL'
o'
1 1)11 e'
xew o iép evo s cine 5
oi8e11 et’
. )LeveL 1 010451 1) )Le'
xpt éa n e’
paq, m o s xpi) 1repi.
he'
yew 1) 111119 5V€LSL€66V¢
e1 épcp ; e’
11 e161) 6’
o vro s 1rp6s
11t 0“: aM OLs xa L 1repL 1 0v1w11 vn epqcpavws xpnraL hdycp,
07166003 , to avSpeg A01)11a Lo L, xaL Oewpfia afi’
6019dhnde
’
m epo v Kai dvdpwm va'
n'
epo v e’
ydi 1repl. Tijs 115x179 1 0151 0v 1°
61ahex060'
0pa 1. e’
yd» 1611 rfis m ikews 1 15a dyad'hv 25 3
6. (1 1 111 £110! Y .
262 . 1 . t arrax60611 Z, L ,r ohkaxbdev vulg . 3 . 6161héx01) Q, Bl (13
o ver LI (P); 611k . r epl1 . 16pm: Y ; 61e7téyx01) (y erased) 2 4 . 1ras11 eh1'
6s
611691 011 vulg . om . 2 , L, F, B‘. in ovuaL xaldraib eurov, A 1 . 2 . 5 . 1 6.
1 6om . 2 1 , Q . Gxew om . V6. 2 (accent b y co m );uévei
‘ L (accent o n e erased). 1 01abr1) 119 11? A1 . 2 ubxpt xalA2 .
8. br epq¢dn os Z, L, Q -p)pc 111p vul W u 2 , L, Q (yp) ;xixp
-
m'
aL vulg . 1 1,3 0111. Y . 10. 61xa161 ep011 xaldh'
qd. ) Ar.
Y , Qg
(yp), B’.
§2 68 . 1 . 1611 E, L, F , B1, A 1 ; 11611 1 1
'
)s vulg .
6. “(o il 1904611, prosecuted an in 2 . n epi f iis rbxm : see Aesch . 111 .
dictm ent, cognate accusative , as in é-ypd 1 1 4 , 1 57 , 1 58, with 1 35, 1 36 ; cf. 2 1 2
111111 0 Our translation o b scures
the co nstruction .
7 . ).q rim : see M . T. 685.
2 62 Here Dem o sthenes re
plies at great length to scattered rem arks
o f Aeschines ab o ut his “bad fortune ,”
which involved in calam ity every perso n ,state , o r thingwhich he touched. ThoughAeschines refers only to his generalfortune , Dem o sthenes chooses to speak
chiefly o f his fortunes in life , which hecom pares with tho se o f his opponent.
He concludes 2 70—275) with so m e
fo rcible rem arks o n his fortu ne in the
other sense .
g 262 . 1 . 61 110v (cf. 55 942,
want of feeling .
G . D.
(ab o ve).
3 . 6h“ 11611 is oppo sed to the special
exceptio n, 61 1 161) 6’ 061 094 . 1111, after suggesting the o bject o f
Exew, is the o b ject o f 016611 .5 . M m e
-10. wpdm w : superlative o f
eb 1rp1i1'retr. See Soph . 0. C . 567
damp 1311 xu’
irt is at'
iptov 01566» rkéov 1101
1106M a n y imépas (We il).8. 611 Opposed to doome
rwu’
rrepov, m ore hum anly , i.e . m ore as one
man sho uld speak o f ano ther: cf.1rpo¢épe1 16 1679 : cf. el
61111111111 W OW 1 13A67 9 , 5 2 3268 . 1 . the general
good fortune o f Athens , as it is here
understo od, is not m ere chance o r luck
(as in 207‘and b ut the result o f
AHMOZOENOYZ
C A a A a A
1ryo v)u.a L, Kai. 1 av0'
6pm 1611 Aia. 1611 A1061011a Lo 11 611W
)Law evép evov, 1611 pe'
wm 16111 116111 1011 6110116116111, 17 11611
ewe'
xeL, xahewfiv Kai. 61 11161» 1 59 y6p‘
Ehkq'
vwv i)1 59BapfiofpeovA A R
264 o u 11o 11 1104111011 1311 1 10 11ap6111 L 1re1re1fpa 1 aL ; 16 [.LGV 1 01fvv11
fl po ehe'
o fla L 16. xa Lav a , Kai. 16 16111 o infle’
wwv‘
Ehkn'
vwv
ei. 11p60L110’
A
1iuLas £11 e66a Lp0111f1). 1161 1311 a'
pewo v
rrpdrrew, dyaflnc 1 vx1)9 1rd)te ewaL 1 0 61s
5 rrpo a'
xpo va aL Ka t. ).L1) 11 11 110’
169 173o 01160,
1))u.L11 o v pfinva L 3 1 2
2 . 67 0611111 o m . Q.
B (corr.), F’ Q , A2 , V6.
112c vulg . o m . 2 , L , F , Q, A 1 .
§2 64 . 3.
av (fo r év) A2 ; 611 611 41 .1 061 1011 2 131 611 A 1 . 2 , 1161 1311 6111 11 1011 vulg .
4’“Pl A2 . 111121 F .
divine pro tectio n and the care o f the
Gods. See the po em o f Solo n, quo ted in
x1x . 255, which begins'
H11erépa 66 116k“ 1111 16. AL61 061101 ’
6Xei‘ra1
aloav 11a! 1111 11411011101 171: ¢pévas602 161 101
1 011)“
ydp 1117600110: 61 101 101 01
Hahhds 1 01011 1111) xei‘
pas firepflev 8xc1
with the o rato r’
s com m ent 6’
61 ! 11311 1611 X67 ” 1 061 011 67 06111111122fioékopuu , 161 0! 0eolaq
'
x'
ovo'w
r ékw. (See no tes o f Dissen and
Blass. ) So IV. 1 2 : (161 Ha m ) 111 1111 Lie!
fléhfl ov fl inn it 41111611 1161 1311
2 . cf. 11. xvx. 233,
216 61 0 A106101101‘
L'
e, Hehaa -
yuté
1121101 , in the prayer o f Achilles . Oracles
sent from Dodo na to Athens are quo ted
b y Dem o sthenes, xxr. 53 ; cf. xxx . 299,
6 Zebr, 1) A116" ) (the Queen o f Zeus at
Dodo na), 1 61 1 6: 0! 0101. At this tim e
Dodona was pro b ably m o re revered at
Athens b ecause o f the Macedonian ln
fluence at Delphi : cf. Aesch . 111 . 1 30,
Anuoo flévm 66 a'
rrékeye , fi t lfew
IlvalarW 1 10», Lia-
0161 11101 1611 11 1 A.
3. 1 1611 1 14111 0011 d pm v, m ankind
in general, as oppo sed to Athens alone .
5. «M i-iv 1111 111311 : witness the de
struction o f Thebes by Alexander; andthe o verthrow o f the Pers ian Em pire ,which was then go ing on . See Aesch .
2 , L, F, Q, A 1 ; 1 060’vulg .
111121 611’A1 '6M 10 (
’
A110M 106A 1) 1611 Ilv v after 61161 2
(m g . L (co rr. A 1 (m g . B (7 p)witho ut 11111.
1111001111 0 2 ; 1 11601111 0 L , A 1 , B‘, vulg. 111101 1 111 00, B’.
6112? Z, L, vulg . 61161
1104161 1 13 . 61 1117 1 1011 Y . 5 .
F .
1161 13» 2 , Q ; 661 061 2 (7 p) '11 111 1011 o ver 1011) F ,
5 . 611 11 (fo r 1111) A 1 . 2 , Y, F (7p),
111. 1 32, 1 33 ; in 134 he includes Athensin the general bad fo rtune which she
owes to the banefulinfluence o f Dem o s
thenes.
5264 . 1 . rdr poN o'OaL'rdM Lm ,
our cho ice of the m ostgloriou s course : the
whole sentence thro ugh 6111 1101 1 0611 1 1 111 isthe sub ject o f 11112 1 i. e . he includes allthis in the specialgo od fo rtune o fAthens.
2 . 01110611e introduces cl
in or . obl. : 1111601111 0 has the best
MS . autho rity here , and in v . 1 5 and xxx.
2 1 2 b ut 2 1 has 1rp6¢100e in VI . 8.
3 . 661 511 : intensive with 1 1611 TEAM)1 101 , than those very Greeks ; alm ost
re iterative .—dpavov 1 96v : of. 301
1 111 1 2 rpdfl etv, 2 He com pares the
fate o f Athens under the Macedon iansuprem acy with that o f the Pe10po nne
sians who rem ained neutral in the late
war and the Thessalians who sided withPhilip see 64 , 65.
4 . f irs 1 6x15 with elvaL 1 401111 1 1 see
1 . to , 1611611‘
ydpn'o
finer-
151111 1 duekelar611 1 1s 0611) 611101101 (withthe following 16 where clu e is
om itted. fl own in this sense takes the
infinitive regularly in or. obl. : see Aesch.111. 163, 6015711 1. 110016¢0fln06va1 1111! xo1l
1 13 001111 06 1 p61 1 .—16 86 119011
W m i.e . ou r
disaster (euphem istically called collision)
AHMOZOENOYZ
I c A s I IEpo c prev rowvv vm ypfev , Ato
'
xwr), r a ts; 7 0. 1rpo o~
qxowa
Sedaa xaheta , Kaié'
xew 50a xp'
r‘
) rov a icrp v 1r0t17'
0'
owa
gvaetav , e’
fehflov'
rt 3’
e’
x m ufSwv o’
uctihovfia 7 0157 013 fl pafrrew,
xop'
rryew, rpmpapxew, eia¢épew, mySepttag dither-
epic s mir’
I I I I 3 A I
5 8177100141 9 an ohemreo 'fia t, aM a Ka t. 7 77 woken. Ka t.
I r 9 a
8\
rats dnhowxpna t/e o v ewav G7T€L877 e 1rpo s To. KOLVG. 1Tp00'
ehfieiv 38066 pat, Tam ara. n ohtretipafl'
éhe’
o fla t aim s Ka i. 3 1 3
61rd 769 warpiSo s Kai. t'
m" c
EMay'
ucuv fl ohhcfiv fl ohhdm gA C A C I
ea'
retpavwa fla t, m u ro v9 exflpo vs vpta s m s o u Katha. y
5 2 67 . r.
2 . Ital dc’Gvdetav o m . Al.
Y . 6.
61 6rawdhhwv vulg . 9.
m ust2 , L‘ ; n un pe‘
v 6m ¢otrar cl: 2 (m g . not 1 p), L (1p), vulg .
3 . r atdlwv A l.
wpoai‘
fltOov L 0. 8 .
édre¢av0000at O .
rdxbxowa A2 , Bt'
nr’dkhwv
'
EMt. irohhtfwE, L ;Kai p i) A I . t50a
Xc-
yr'
ivat rpo etkémyv 2 , xaha 1 c fir ti. rpoetMmyv 2 (7 p).
oftener expressed in the sub junctive (ashere) o r the Optative than in the indicative . Its frequent insertio n shows that
it was always felt. See especially such
com plicated expressions as Plat. Rep.
385 C, xafl’
do or dv0pu'
rrq: éirlr keiarov olév
re, to the greatest extentpossible for m an ,
which witho ut dv0pc61rq: wo uld be ab o ut
equ ivalent to «is e‘wlwhei’
arov : d pu'
nrq: is
added, lim iting otév re as it:
1 03V £106? e here lim its Bém pa t. We have
again an apology, perhaps an ho nest o ne ,fo r the perso nalv ituperatio n which follows , 257
— 262 .
§2 6"I . r. irn'fipew : the sub jects are
btdacrxakei‘
a and the infinitives {xew and
rpdrrew, with ékécrdat Mo st MSS .
insert new (iv-
ri ¢ovriiv els after r am .
wpo o-tittom , i. e . such as children o f
the b etter classes attended: o ne o f the
charges against his guardian Apho b us
(XXVII . 46) is robs 8t8aaxdk ovs f or): ui
dr earépqxe.
2 . 6: he
who is to do etc. (M .T . 527 ,
ala'
xpdv, i. e . dreher’
rOepov : this idea o f the
igno b ility o f to ilis a co m m o nplace withthe Greeks, as a slave -holding peo ple .
Cf. Ar. Av . 1 432 , 7 1 164) rdow; main-
f ew
yap 06x
3. tixéhouec wpdm w is explainedbythe rest o f the clause ,
etu u .
4 . xomwdv, f ptqpapxetv: testim ony
ab o ut allhis xm o up'
ytat is given in 267 .
He was xoprrybs in 350 B. C. , when he
was assaulted b y M idias (XX I . 13m) ; fo rhis num ero us trierarchies see X X I. 78.
r54, Aesch . m . 5 1 , 52 , and cf. 5 99°
(ab o ve).—¢lo -¢épew, to pay the ela¢op¢i,o r property - tax : this was assessed pro
gressively,”the richer b eing taxed on a
larger pro po rtio n (f lunya) o f the ir actualpro perty than the poo rer. (See Eisphora
in Sm ith ’
s Dict. Antiq . ) The guardianso f Dem o sthenes , to conceal the ir peculatio ns , co ntinued to enrolltheirward inthe highest class , so that he paid taxes on
artanna o fo ne - fifth o fhis pro perty (attain),whereas he sho uld have b een placed in a
m uch lower class after the inro ads upo nthe estate . See xxvu . 7, ct: yap rip
avm plav t'
rr ép duverdfavro xard.
rd: rér‘re Kai etxoo'twas r ewaxoclas Gpax
M s elatpépew, Scour rd. ,uéw a.
xexrmeévoc m arinara. elaé¢epov, i.e . theyhad m e so enrolled that I should b e
assessed on a f un,“ o f 500 drachm as
(i. e . 5 m inae) fo r every 25 m inae o f m yestate : in xxvm . 4 this is said to have
m ade him a leader o f the sym m ory(in em bv rfiravuuoplas) see also XXIX . 59,
and Bo eckh , Staatsh. t. p . 599. See noteon m 3
”.
7. 6m , with perfect and present infinitive : M .T . 590, 109.
9. M VGc -h t : see 83, 1 20,
TTEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
9 d I 2 A I 9 I1711 a. wpo echoynv em xetpew heyew . eyw prev 81) re ta in
-
7) 268e e I s a v v a a A
a v eBtwKa rvxp, m u n o». av exa m erep eu rew 71'
p
afirfis fl apahef‘
n’w, (fivharro
'
pevo s rb ).vrrfitra f rw’
e’
v of?I
8, C
8I
a epvvvopa t. a v o a epvo s am p Ka t. 4.01.m rovs ahhovs
m ain-
er. 1rpb s n o fg. rwi xe’
xpncra t n ix”, 13V 5
[Lev div nerdWORM); rfis‘
e’
VBeias e’
rpaqng, dpa. rq'
i n arpi nposrd; 8t8a0
'
xahefrp 1rpo cre8pe6wv, 76péhav rpt'
BawKai rdBdflpa
0 17077 5l Ka i 7 2> n a tSayw‘
yeto v Kopdw, o ixe'
ro v roifw o r’
m
e’
hevfie'
po v fl a tsos‘ Exa m, dvnp 83 yevdp evo s m pmrpi. 269
g 2 68 . 1 . 51) om . O . 2 . r ep! atlrfis om . V6. 3 . race s (fo r rtw’
)A2 .
4 . cream): vulg . m o st rec. edd. aep wéaevor 2 , L, Vom . 5 . raér-
g Y ,F (7 p),
<1> (7 p), B9; aér'bv O ; rauri O (7 p). 1rolg in A 1 ; r otaMy0. rwl
2 ; rim vulg . rot'
vvv corr. to rm I.l rwa O . 6. 7 57: om . vulg . ; rip? Gracia:
e‘
vdelas L : see V'
o'
m el.
g 2 69 . 1 . realrfiA2 .
10. awpoetMpqv, i. e . ri p Qui p rpoat
peatv : cf.
2 68 . 2 . an
accidentaldactylic hexam eter. dv
lxw =1réMV d» exam , though I m ight
etc. : cf.
3 . M fl tipem rd XVI -fin s (M .T .
the o b ject infin itive takes the placeo f m) Ava
-haw, which in use had becom ean o b ject clause (M .T . 303 C).
6. $ 961 rq‘
iBtSw tt fip: see notes on5 1 29
’
7 . attending (asa servant).-erb M ewrptpo v : the ink was pro b ably
rubbed fro m a cake (like India ink) andm ixed with water.8 . m 8aw tov, probably a room in
which the f awn-
707 01, slaves who b roughtthe b oys to and fro m school, waited forthese to b e ready to go ho m e : later itwas used like dtdadxaheiov fo r a schoolro o m . the m ention o f
these m enial duties im plies the sam e
co ndition o f father and so n as appears in5 1 29 : b ut see Blass .
§2 69 . In this section and §26o we
have a lively co m ic description, highlycaricatured, o f so m e Asiatic cerem o nies
o f initiation ,in which the m o ther o f
Aes chines is said to have taken part.This was so m e form o f Bacchic wo rship .
with perhaps a m ixture o f Orphic m ys
teries. It seem s there was a written
service (rd: fltflxovs) which Aeschinesread like a clerk while his m othero fficiated as priestess . The in itiation o f
Strepsiades into the Socratic m ysteries(Ar. Nub . 255
— 262) probably caricatures som e sim ilarwo rship . Plato, Rep.
364 E, says o f b o oks o f Musaeus and
Orpheus, filflhwv 68 apabov rapéxowat
Movaalov m l is Gum-t o
kofim ,r emoeres of:Mn » lbta
'
rras dhltd m l.
r ékets, tbs dpa Nic er: re m t m eappol
db txmuirwv 6a). 006t xal" rota; Moraydo ! new4511 ffidtv, rial. 68 KG! rekewfldatn v,
réir £e xaxtfwdr oM ovo'w 9115 3 .
See I. H . Wright in Harvard Studiesin Class. Philol. v 1. pp . 67. 68. He
m akes Glauco thea represent a fem ale
am pa‘
yéprm , o r priestess o f Cybele , theGreatMo ther(mi-n”:Oediv), andAeschinesamym yrfiprnr, o r priest o f Men (Sabaz ius).Strabo , p. 4 7 1 , says that the scene in Dem o sthenes contains Zapata: m lMrprpq
'
ia .
1 . rfi pqrpl“ho ve-
n: see X 1x. 28 1 ,
Pkavrofléas rfir Otdcovr avra
颒olr erepa réavnxev lépeta, and cf. 249.
In X IX . 199 we have rd: filfikovr dra
7 t-
yvaiaxovrdas riimrrplrehoéap . m lra'
iG’
6vr’
er Guido“ m l peflv'
oww civOpa'
m'
ots
xakwboépevov.
182 AHMOZOENOYZ
I s I v Arag Btfihovg aveytyuwa xes Ka t. rahlta O
’
vvetrltev ov , rm!
adv m iKra veflpt'
Cm v Kai. Kparnpilwv Kai. nafiaipwv 7 0159I I A A A I
rehovpevo vg Ka t. an oparrwv rgo who) Ka t. rats 1n rvpo r9, KG ] .9 2 A A I 8
5 auto-
rate arro ro v naflappo v nehevaw ).éyew edw‘
yo v n o. n o V,
A ’ )
e t'tpo v dp ew o v, e
’
rri. rep“
pmde’
va fl aifl ore r‘
nhtnovr ohohtifa t
2 . eweo xewipov 2 , L‘, vulg .
rnhurofir’Z , L ; m lwtot
‘
iror vulg .
2 . ra h W M , you helped to
condu ct the rest of the cerem ony : 0'
e
pofiuat is pro perly look after n ew) (o f anyk ind), and generally m anage, direct,
devise, concoct (often in a b ad sense):cf. IX . 1 7, rd iv fl ekou
-
owing; axev o tl
fu ror (o f Philip). See axev la and
ca m p“.
3 . M W and nparnplto v are pro
bably transitive and govern rods relico
pévovs, like m Oalpwr, droydrrwv, and
ch ro nic, i.e dressing them in fawnshinsanddrenching them with wine. See Eur.
Bacch . 24 , vefipld’team s xpobs, and
Sandys’ note . They are so m etim es takenas neuter, m eaning dressing yoursei/ ina fawnskin andpouring outwine. Har
pocration has, 0! air (it! ran? rekofirror
refiplda Gromm et: l; m lrods rehovp évovr
drafw rbvrorrefiplctv at66introiiweapon):
dtao'
rrar m rd rem app-
m owMyer (i. e. as
sym b olic o f the sufl'
erings o f Dio nysus).Photius explains xparnplfw by(it 'd xparfipwv iv rois pvm plotr " érdwv.
Dissen quotes the passive éxpam plcfln
per=éfle0600nuev from Hesychius .
4 . dm gui‘rr o v : Harpocratio n says
01 p ér dt ko'
t‘
m brepor dxot'
rovo'w drri rov
“
dr owt'dr m lhvuatrdneror dhko t ddt eptep
ydrepor, olov r ept‘rltdrrwv rdv in )t xal
rd f irvpa ro'
is rekovpérots, tbs Rb a/rev
dr opdrreoOat rdv dvdpuivra m y“; flhet¢ov7 dp rq? 1 17MBxalréi t trbpqv robs avoaévo us,éxm uo buerot rd uvdoho
‘
yobuera r dp'b lo ts.
tin dpa olTtrdres rdr Atdrwov éhvpfirarro
7:6t xararrhacdueroc e
'
1rlrip“
p 17 yvdiptuor.
7 0'é0’0at. Dissen quo tes Wyttenbach’s
note o n Plut. Mo r. p . 166A :“ Lustra
tionis pars erat ut co rpus lustrandum
circum lineretur et quasi circum pinseretur
italThe ‘I’. 4 .
drwrdr 2 , L. A 1 . 2 , B ; drm dr vulg .
dr op /stirrer A 1 .
xeket’lwv 2 , AI , B ; italxehebm L, vulg .
im prim is luto , raw“, tum abstergeretur,
quo rum illud est r epaid-
n et», hoc dr o
udrreav, sed utrum que prom iscue de totalustratione dicitur. The whole expressio n then seem s to m ean plastering them
over with the clay and then ru bbing them
clean with the bra n.
5. dvm ds : the victim is suppo sedto b e sitting during the Operation, likeStrepsiades (Nuh.
—crowned: fo r
the full fo rce o f this word see the
passages abo ve quoted under 1. 4 ; the
process was a purification and also a
charrm —nd n’
m v, subo rdinate to awards :i. e . m aking him get up as he bids him
say , eta—“wowKe ttdv, ldpov (power :
this form ula was b orrowed from initiations and other cerem onies o f a highercharacter, m ean ing that a new life hadopened as the result o f the cerem ony justended. Suidas g ives (under
rdrrerat irlrtiir d‘
l’d xarofi els
xpei‘
rror ilOdrrr-w. was 7dp'
A01)m ctr ér
7 4pm o r£¢e00at (Madam raiderde ds
nerd dpvtrwv trap-rawm l¢éporra Mirror
1 1 55730: d.e N 1 60 rd wpoxelpe vor, al
m ao baevov r'hy Girlrd xpei
‘
rror w afiokflv .
rd 1dp ix rriir dpvoir m ldm vmiiv M inna
m edr (Myer. See Eustath. p. 1 726, and
[Plut. ] “Pro v . Alex. XVI . The saying(Eustathius calls it a rapomla) o riginallyreferred to the change from the acornsand thistles o f prim itive life to the m oreciviliz ed b read, b utwas used atweddingsand in o ther cerem onies . The wo rds
form a paroem iac, and pro b ably b elongedto som e m etricalform ula.
6. M 651“, used especially o f cries
or shouts in religious worship o r prayerssee 0d. IV. 767, «is elr ofic
’dhbhvfe (after
AHMOZOENOYZ
ro zafifl’
drrd raw ypadiwv fl po a ayopevdp evo s, p ta fidv Rap.
d wv rovrwv evflpvrrra Kai a'
rperrro vs‘
Ka i. venhara , 6d) of;
rig ovx a v we ahnfléis aurau evda tp ovia ete Kai m u avrov
rvx'
qv , 611-
a d?) 8’
eis ro v9 dnpdra s e’
veypa'
xp‘
qs o rm adrfrrore
(e’
m yap ro vro )— e’
rret8'
rfy evfle'
ws‘ ro Kofhhtaro v
e’
fehe'
fw réiv ep'
ywv , ypapparevew Kai. vrmperew rats apxt
6. rocavra 2 , L , rd rotavra vulg . ypaldlwv 2 7 7:9d L. 8. rls Z .
avrdv (w. both '
and 2 ; avrdv L ; adrdv vulg .
“eddamo vflo
'
etev avrdr ? pr. Laur. S,nunc dyro y (Vowel). avrov (w. and E ; al
’
rrov L, vulg .
5 201 . 2 . roiirdye A 1 . ir eldfi -
y’2 , L‘, vulg . ; ir etdr) d
’oO ; ir etdh d’ adv
A2 ; b eypdwn om . A t . 3 .
‘
ypam taredetv 2 , L, A 1 , 0 ; vrgypam s.
L”, vulg . dpxtdlotr 2 , L, vulg . ; dpxelou 2 (7 p), 1’ (1 p), \2A 1 , B (7p);
dpxalou'A2 .
d paos, edd .—KM ” , ivy
- bearer, the
ivy be ing sacred to Bacchu s . For the
reading xwro¢6por (against allMSS . ) seeVdm el
’
s note . See Harpocr. under ou r
r o¢6po rz b lot nerd ro t? tr 1pd¢0v¢n
xw r o¢6po r rd: 7 dp kayo/Ah a: xla'ras
lepdr elvat the-
yer rod Atordo ou xal rd?»v
Ga in—M m , dearer qf flee win
nowingj'
an,Mo re», the myrtiea vam m :
lace/ii. See Verg . Geo rg . 1. 166, and
Varro quo ted by Servius o n the passage :ideo ait quod Lib eri patris sacra ad
purgationem unim ae pertinebant ; et sic
ho m ines e ius m ystem s purgabantur sieu tvannis frum enta purgantur.
—1tal ro t-av
ra , i. e . Mere (850.p and sim ilar
nam es.
fo r Gvdpvr ra see the Schol. , 3dl deg:
peppeypévot ; o‘
rperroér, t haxoiirror elder
evidently fro m arpé¢u .
vo ila“ : xar’ M a illo t dvrlrod veflhara
dh¢tra, rd n adrldhnheo'
péva, 6dr) ”(Mndradefiovres, dare¢ldar re xal xhwpodr
épefilvdous it eufldlthorres, rois rd lepd
rehoiictv (repay i. e . barleybum , m ade o f newly -
ground (roasted)b arley, so aked in ho ney and co vered
with plum s and chick - peas . But Blassis right in co nnecting ve-flhara no t with(h im b utwith Am ino : cf. ékafi jp, a fl attake (Ar. Ach . 246, Eq. acc . to
Suidas, r apd rdra'
irxepalv ddad nadat sir
e os. See Bl. andWest. on this section .
5 201 . 1 . ch fl h dq rcs ln ypdh e :
each dem e was responsible fo r the co rrectness o f its dqftapxurdv 7papparel
‘
ov, o r list
of citiz ens . Aristotle ’s Constitution o f
Athens now gives us clear inform ationo n the whole su b ject o f the enrolm ento f new citiz ens . See m réxotm r
adv r ohtrelar cl df W ipe» 7070
rdres dd'ra'
dv. M e at d’
at: rods
h ydra: dxru xaldexa In ) m oth -es draw
8’dwd rat
,dtawrmlfovrat r epladréiv
dpdcavres cl drmdrat, rpéiror adv cl do
xoiic t yewvdvat rip dhurlav ripe dx rod
vdaov, d’at dhewepdr dart Ital
M ore xard rods dd rat'
ira
dammit“ rov): dwpa¢dvras i) fiovhr)¢povpoiict dd rd ddd Em (previo usly describ ed), xxapl
’
adas dxovrer, Ital dredeis
elm dd dve'
iv
drtiiv, 061) nerd raiv dlthwv elclv . (Seethe whole chapter. )—dwo tr81i1rm , rom e
dow, with dr u dfl 7 ’ b eypddm , refers to
the story that his father was a slave , in
which case itwo uld have been im po ssiblefo r the so n to be legally enrolled as a
citiz en without an affirm ative vo te o f
6000 in the Assem b ly ; while the safe
guards against illegal enrolm ent (seeAristotle, above) would have m ade thisalm o st im po ssible .
3. w a llow : see 2091.
The occupation o f a paid private clerk
(no t that o f a clerk o f the Senate o r
Assem bly) was despised at Athens : see
5 1 2 dhedpor 7 Pauuareds.—dpxt8(0te,
petty gfieefl : dpxldtov is here dim inutive
i'
lEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
d A v35019 . d»; d
’
dm yhhof‘
yns wordKai. rodro v , wraivfl’
a rawalthaw
Karrryopelg at’
e s rro nitrag , o i) nar'
jo'
xvvaq pd. Ai’
odddv rdw500 I 5 A I I
npovm ypypevwv rep ptera raura Bap, ahha p ro fited-
a s cravro v 262
rotsBapvar o'
vo cs e’
rn xaho vpe'
vo cg e’
xeivo cc inro nptra ts, EtptixxaKai. w pdret, e
’
rptraywvia'
retg, O'
vk a Kai. Bdrpvg Kai. s’
haia sI 0 I A I I
O'
vddeywv aia re o nwpwv'
qg ex raw adhorptwv xmptwv,
fi ddle) ).ad vwv drrdrofirwv i) rdm dyaivwv, 099 rrepi 5A A 9 Vm c tpvxng 137 0111 116099 nu ydp aa rro vdo s Ka i. dm fpvxrocc A e c 9 Q e s
up au‘
n'
po s rov9 Geara g fl ohep o s, vq‘) rov rrohda rpavpar
4 . rdvra (fo r rdvd’
A1 . 5. xan rydpetrA 1 . xarfiaxvvar 2 .
6. t'
zt npyyd v Y ; rpo vm y d v O ; rpoilm p'
mévwv E.
202 . 1 . m adtb o as dvrdv 2 , V6. 2 . dxelvotrdin-Utah . A 1 dxelvotr xaho v
ph a t V6; d‘n xah . dreto . vulg . Brahma n. 2 ,<b ; 2 4m m“ (a ab ove) L ; Emlxxa O‘, B1
(Em /wordy rdv t'
rr orptrfiv, Athen . V111. p . 348 A); 231t 2 (7 p), A 1 . 2 , vulg .
l t'
q ; Y . 3 . dhdar 2 , A 1 ; dhalar vulg . 4 . drrwpu'
wm drain s A2 .
5 . redrawrpaivp ara L, vulg . ; rpaimara om . 2 . 7 .
df (By B rd 1ro 0.
o f dpxfi in the sense o f d wv. See
Aesch . 111 . 2 1 , dpxdpv 131 1 60v m) dr odrm el
‘
y .
6. ridv «M W , of you r ante
cedents .
5 202 . 2 . rots flapva rdvo tr. the
heavy gm nera—Etm'
q . (so Theophrastus (Athen. V111. 348 A) m entions
2 11mm ” rdv di oxptrflr (perhaps the sam e
m an), to whom Strato nicus the harperapplied the proverb ph as oddels o at pds
lxdt'zr, dividing the words “h as, oddelr,
aarpdr, lxovr (1x00: dddidrnr daiawlav).
rpdr2 , L ; drpdr vulg .
his load o f fru it from farm s which he
has hired, o r wherever else he can get
it cheapest. Pollux (v 1 . 1 28) includesdrwpdwm (with r opvofioo rdr and dhhavron éhm ) in his long list o f 5 101 d¢
’
o ls dv
r t r dr e tdta deln. See [Dem . ] 2 1 .
5 . wh im . .dya'
wow,getting m ore (profit)from there than from you rplay: (contests).—0iis (cogu . which you
played at the rich o/you r live: (o rin which
you foughtfor you r lives), with a pun on
the two m eanings o f andd'yw lj‘
opat,
fight andplay : see IV. 4 7 rdm arpan ryt'
dv
3 . drpm wvicrets : a co m pany o f lxaarordlrxalrpls xplrerat rap’
data r ep!
strolling acto rs . such as perfo rm ed at the
country festivals, was probably com posedo f two m en . who played the first and
seco nd parts and hired ano ther to play thethirdparts . The description which follows(170110 ran k . ) can hardly apply to the
purpd Atovdata, rd dv d‘
ypol‘
r, which cam ein winter (see —c the
m eaning o f these m uch disputed wo rdsseem s to b e, that the bando f players subsistedchiefly on the fru itwhich Aeschines,as the ir hired servant, collected from the
neighb o uring farm s by b egg ing, stealing,o r b uying, as he fo und m ost co nvenient.He is com pared to a sm all fru iterer(drwpdm s), who each m o rn ing collects
daydrov, rpds dd rods dxdpodr oddelr oddd
d'
rraf adrc’
dv dywvlaaadal r epl Oardrov
rah/46, where there is a sim ilar pun o n
being triedfor their live: in court and inb attle .
6. dawovdos ital. dm ipvttros, withouttruce or herald, i. e . implacable, witho uteven the com m on decencies o f civilizedwarfare. See Thuc. 1 . 146, a
'
ap’
m ifl ovsd¢olrw dm pt
'
m‘
rws ndv drvrdrrws dd 06
(b efore the actualwar), and 11. 1 , can
dr epl'
yrvvro (rt dxnpvxrel (after the warb egan) here heralds are a sign o f actual
warfare .
7 . rpai'
ipar’
see x1x . 337, dre
pdr rdGvém v xalrawd‘rlTpolaa nddye:
AHMOI OENOYZ
I I A I I C
a dmin»; etnorws' rov9 arretpo vc raw rowvraw nwdvvo w weI f I 3 I
263 dethovs O'
Kdnrrets . ahda yap rrapets'awm u nem av atrtatra tr
a'
v 71'
d adrd. rd. ro ii rpdrrov a'
ov Badto iipa t xam yopripara . ro catir'
qv ydp ei'
ho v n odtreiav, e’
rtet wore Ka i. roiir’
e’
m'
ihfie'
n o cfia a t, dc’
dv ex’
rrvxoxia'
ng adv m"
; warpido g
5 haydi Bio v deduce Kai. rpe'
ptcov Kai. dei. fl dnyno-
ea fla t
rrpo ado xwv dd) 01 1q avv'
g'
dets' ddm o vurt, dv d’
23 4 nrvxntrav o i. ahdo c, 0paa'
vg aw utf) drravrwv willat. xairo c
dar ts xtdiwv n ohtrdiv dfl ofiavdvrtov ri odro s
8. xwdévwr o m . A 1 .
5 208 . 1 . (37 2 , L, 01, A 1 , F‘, 01 ; 65 air vulg . rip 0m . 0o'
nrov (fo r rpdwov aov)A2 . 3 . rada r (fo r rovr’) A2 .
la nd: 2 , vulg . ; haydi‘ L ; hayé‘wA 1 (11 erased). “a s V6
in ab o ve, as ch. to o u) L . 7 . vt drdrrwv A 1 .
5 204 . 2 . dddpo'
nae A I .
vlfero , dfefidhhere adrdv naldfeavplrreree’
x rt’
dv Oea'
rpaw, xal“duo? of: xa r eheder e
00m: «dare rehevrdwra rodrplraywvwre‘
iv
dr oarfivat. This account o f the rdheyo r
m akes rpadpar’ here perfectly intelligible ;
b ut the reading in 5
(which all 1183 . except 2 have) m akes
endless difficulty and confusion. If rpad
,uara in 5 is referred to wo unds receivedin stealing fru it, com pared with thosereceived on the stage o r after the play,there is a strange repetition o f the latter
if there is a reference (as Westerm ann
suggests)to fru itusedin pelting the actors,it is hard to see how figs, grapes, and
olives co uld endanger the lives o f the“ heavy groaners .
”
8. 62 W e a ttain-rots : see 5 2452
and no te .
Dem o sthenes (xxx. 2 46, 247) says thatAeschines was a rpcraywvwrfir also to
acto rs o f high repute , as Theodorus and
Aristodem us ; and he rem inds him o f the
tim e when he used to play the part o f
Creo n in the Antigone with these acto rs .
He adds the following : dv dr am ro'
is
dpdpa atrois rpaytxoi‘
rdialperdvdo'rw u
'
io t ep
ydpar roi‘
r rptraytom arai'
s rdrods rvpdrvovs
italrods rdaxfirrp’dxorrar elatdn u . This
is m entio ned to explain why so im portanta part was given to Aeschines.
208 . 3 . no tem phasizes the rest o f
the clause , ret‘
ir’
r eliant, i. e . when at
last you took it into your head to trythis.5 . M 18 fl owth e : cf. Dion . Chrys.
v x. p. 357 R . Weilquotes Trag . frag .
incert. 373 (N . ltd -
yd: filer 6 rplv
drpeues M1» .
“Dicuntur lepom m'
tam
vivere qu isem peranxiitrepidique vivunt11am ut est apud Herod. 111 . 108, dM yer
tie-dwan ds Onpederat duplev xaldpn dor ital
droptiwov, ac ne som num qu idem capitnisi oculis apertis (Dissen).
3 1h . .‘w (M . T. 884)personalpassive construction . Cf. 282 ,
§204 . 1 . xthto v dm davdm v : see
Diod. XVI . 86, rdw d’ ’A0nvalwr dr eam t
adv dv rfimix” t helovs ride xthiwv, filtere d-vdd edx e revs ride dte'xthlaw. See Lycurg . Leocr. 1 42 , xlh ec ride dpcrdpw
1 0>“e dv X atpaweta drehairnaav, xal
drmeala ax’
rredr i) rdhts (Gav/av. Diod.
x11 . 88 quotes an eloquent passage o f thespeech o f Lycurgus atthe trialo f Lysicles ,one o f the Athenian com m anders at
Chaeronea, who was condem ned to deathdarpar
'tn ets, 13 Adatxher, rel xixim adv
t ehtrt‘
dv rerehdvrmrdrwv dtaxthlw d’
alx
nah -irate yeyerdrwr, rpe‘ralev dd nerd Ti):
rdhewr darnxdres, rd: 6’ '
EM ddor drdem
AHMOZOENOYZ
C A 8 A 3 I(Opa l, re 36 pnd orto vv adtxew av ohoynpa t, 86
I A C I I 8 A
a vxq av-rp pev elva t do new v irapxet, xwdvvevetc 86 a re den.
5 a"
drt rofiro we tew cir’
7781) n e‘n’
ada fla t pi) p erahafidwa rd
1re'
prrro v p e'
poc ra w ilm'
tpwv . dyaofi y'— o i1x tid — r15x77
a vpflefltwnds rfig épfig Kam yopetg .
(De'pe 81) Ka i rd; rc
'
dv hm o vpytwv paprvpiac 15V dehyroxip
ymca dp'
iv dvayvéi. 1rap’
dc n apavefv fit Kai p o x. rds
prie sts dc e’
hvpaivov ,
A A I I15x10 venpwv nsvdpwva xa t a nere v 1rv7ta 9,
nanayyeh eiv pdu 7001 p ?) adh evra’
. p e,
200. 3 . ad(fo r e el) V6. 4 . dr’drt de? e s reGro Y , A2 . 5 . rd
r tprrov pépo s MSS . rdpr rov o m . Dind. (cf. 6. dyaOfiy’2 , A 1 . 2 ;
dy . 8’ L, vulg . 7 . avpflefinrds Z (1) ch
’
gd to w o r an), A2 ; avpfiefit t‘
or01 .
dpi): 2 , L‘ ; dp iir dis ¢abhqs vulg .
§2 67 . 1 . Retrovpydiv (1 o ver yd») 2 . 2 . dvayvt'
d, t dp’dis 2 ,
L‘, cl> ;dvayvt
'
d rdaar vulg . r apavdv Ot 2 , L . F ; r apavdy . dd) 0 (4)/Air in A 1 . 2 ,
B ; rapavtiy . d’
fipl‘
v vulg. po t cm . vulg . 3 . dhvpflvwA 1 , «b e:A2 .
4 . vexpéiv (AIII over exp) 2 ; 131110MrdwL, vulg . ; heurdv V6. 6. xaxayyehe’
iv
B , Y ; xax’dyydhhew 2 , A 1 naxayyéhhetv L,
tb , Ax‘, V6; xdx
’
dyyehei‘
r vulg .
o r for citizenship ; and dextpdg‘
opat here
im plies that this trialis to test his fitnessfo r the crown .
3 . dvespohdyqpat : cf.
drwpehbym tat rd dpto'
ra updrretv.
The articular infinitive in or . obl. is rare
(M . T . 794 ,—c ol. p a , it is in
4 . ntvdwdets correspo nds to dom ainum the m eaning is, the qu estion with
5 . n in e reu tv, i. e . to go on being a
avxe¢dvn ps.—m iie '0at, to be stopped
(o nce fo r all), i. e . b y drtpla (cf. 5rdd pfl ev pipes : Dindo rf om its r ip e -
rev
b ecause it is om itted in 103, 2 2 2 , 250,
whereas it appears in o ther speeches frequently (e .g . xx11 . What m odern
orato r o r writer wo uld subm it to such
rules o f consistency as critics im pose on
the ancients ?6. m ixdpds ; cf.5 2 67 . 1 . (M . T .
the orato r do es no t read the tes
tim o ny him self ; cf. hdye So
eta-w, xxx. 169, followed by hiya—kn
revpyuiiv : this includes the pub lic servicesm entio ned in xepqye‘
iv and rpmpapxe‘
ir in
5 b ut no t ela¢épew, as the pro pertytax was no t a Nurevpyla .
3 . dhvpalvev, used to outrage : cf. dr i
rpufiar, 54 . fine n
'n ih s : the Hem ba o f Euripides b egins ,fixw vexpdw xevdpd
‘
wa xalaxbrev r bhas
Ala-div, tv’“Aldus xwpls din e ral draw,
Ilehbdwpo s,'
Exdflm f air.
AllM SS. except have luau-div for rexpd‘
w,
m aking the sense o f the quo tatio n com
plete . But such a change is unlikely inso fam iliar a verse .
6. m ayyeh tv . .pe z this verse is otherwise unknown xaxayyehei
'
v m ust b e pres .
intin . o fxaxayyehdw(otherwise unknown),depending o n Odhevra . The readings o f
the b est hiss" xaxayydM ew or mix’
dyydk
Rear are plainly im po ssib le . We ilrefers to Eur. T10. 705, ebx draw ydpdyyeht
'
d
TlEPI TOY ETEQANOY
A IKa t K a xdv n a m e s a s pahtara pdu o i. 060i. drra d
'
odro x.I 2 Q
rravres a n o de’
a e ta v, rro zrq v ow e . Ka i. n ohim v Kai. rptra
ywvcarn'
v. he'ye rds paprvpia g .
MAPTTP IAI .
2 A A AEv p eu ro ivvv ro ut apds rip) m idw re to vro s
“c’
v ddrow2682 I 0 A
3 16 p 1) m ixers ; ta re drt. Kowdc Kai. (ptddvdpam'
o g Ka i. ro tcdeepe
'
vm s e’
rrapltidv, a tam'id Kai. o bddv dv GZWOLp L odddn apaI
O'
XOtpnv 776p1. redraw oddept'
av paprvpiav, odr’
ei rtva q e’
n
A I 2 I 0 2 V I Irawn ohep twv ehva'
ap'
qv, ovr a . run 0vyarepas~a vvefedwxa , 5
8 a I I V C Iovre raw re tovraw o vdev . Ka t yap o vrw 7rd) ; vrrethntpa . 269
9 a A
e’
yd vepi rdu pdu ev rrafldvra dew pepvna'0a t rra
'
y ra rduI
8‘ I A
8A
xpo vov, rev 6 rromtravr evflvg enmehnada t, a. ct ro v p eu
7. h ard ddvulg . ; ddom . 2 , L, A 1 . 8. n in e: dr okdo etav 067 0: A 1 . xal
r ehlrmr Z', L, F, Q ; ital om . vulg . xalrpodbrryv (after r ehlrnr) vulg . ; om .
2 , L, Q . B3, A 1 .
58108 . 3 . irapaaxelp
'
qr dv vulg . ; dv om . 2 , L, B , F, Q . 4 . ra m:
om .
5 2 62 . 2 . ndwom . V6. t dvra rdv p rer E, L, Q , B , A 1 . 2 ; rdv rdvra xp.
vulg . rda 6’ ed r etfiaawa A 1 ed o m . 2 , L,vulg . edab ove line B .3 .
abrdv (after 615003) Y , B (yp), 0 ae v Q (yp), F (yp), A2 (after draw.
7. The words trendv dwpedv rd hbrpa), which o therwise theyNew“ are pro bably an adaptation o f a
verse quoted from Lynceus byAthenaeus ,1v . 150C, xaxd' t axi-is ad y
’
dt ohdaetar
elGeol, o r b o th m ay go b ack to the so urce
o f Ar. Eq. 2 . 3, 112 s
Me et” oi 0601. See Blass .
8. wevq v : with b oth rehlr'qv and
rplraywvte'
rfiv.
5 266 . 2 . xetvde, in public relations,pu blicspirited, in private m atters (as here),devoted, at the service of all: cf. Isec . x.
10, m i: 0001: rea ds .
3 . edddv dv dum ps, I had rather no t
m ention anything .
ese were
Athen ians captured by Philip at Olynthusin 348 B.C.
, whom Dem osthenes ransom edin 346, when he was in Pella on the
second em b assy (H ist. See xxx.
166 1 70. Dem . lentvarious sum s to thesepriso ners , which they paid fo r the ir ran
som s ; when afterwards Philip set allthe
other priso ners free without ransom , he
forgave the first the irdeb ts to him (ddwra
wo uld have b een strictly requ ired b y lawto pay (x1x. See 1 1 , ct rbp ot
rehedeve t red hveapdrev dx rdir r eheplwv
elm : rdv hv0dvra dd: pi) dredtdq? rdhbrpa :
b ut this is hardly suflicientautho rity fo rtheseverity o f the penalty, perso nalslavery .
5 . m add en , 1 . e . helpedpoorcitizensto endow their daughters . giving a dowrywas an im portantparto fg iving a daughterin m arriage : see Meier and Schdm ann ,
pp . 5 13 ff.
the hind. These words are ratherloo selyconnectedwith the preceding clauses withcan : in allthree om repeats the negativeo f owe. a. dr aw so that the co n
structio n here i536" dr dr eam 1 611 rowd
rw oddév .
§809 . 1 . 13111011410 : cf. firsthmmat
(7)2 . 516 Sctv : an iam b ic trim eter.3 . wouicn v
'r'
: se . 16.—k ddfi1r0m
cf. 1 151 1 1900111 , 5 2665.
AHMOZOENOYZ
xpna‘
m i) rdu 83 pi) pim po tlnixo v 11016211 Epyo v dvflpoirrov .
5 rd8drdc i8ia 9 edep‘
yem fac dwoy cpvy’
a xew Ka i. héyew p urpo v
862V dym dv e’
0'
r1. rgii dve18i§ew. 7 01601 0 ro cofiro vI v C I
0118611 , 01186 npo axfina oya t, ahh 017019 vrrethnppa t rrepc
rodrwv , dpxe? p01 .
Bo tihona t 83 réiv i.8i drrahhayeis in p ucpd. npds'
eirre'
iv n epi rdwnowdw. ei perv ydp ixets, Aid
—xim ), 7 5WA 0 A I Q A A I
ro uro u ro v nhtov em ew avflpwnwv 00 7 19 m 9 Q chcm ro v
1rp0'
rep0v Kai V131, rfi9’
A)\efciv8po v 8vva0'
reia9 yéyo vev, i)A e I a A I v A s
5 raw Ehhnvm v 1; ra m Bapfiapwv, m ryxwpw m u
eire n ixnv sire 8v0'
rvx1'
av 61101101 15111 Bofihet— m ivrwv yeyevn
6rd»: L .4 . m xpowbxpov (p erased) 2 7 . wpoaaxo'haom A 2 .
5 8 7 0. 2 . épeiv A2 .
vulg . ; am om . 2 , L‘, A 1 .
4 . pm poirbxou : see no te o n 2 795
.
5 . inroptwfio '
xa v, i. e . to be always
calling to m ind—11 111900 Setv, the full
fo rm o f purpo ii, alm ost (M . T. cf.
5 15 13
. West. quo tes Cic. Lael. xx. 7 1 ,
odio sum sane genus hom inum o fficia ex
pro b rantium ; quae m em inisse deb et is in
quem collata sunt, no n com m em orare quico ntulit ; and Sen . Benef. u . to , haec
enim b eneficii inter du o s lex est: alter
statim o blivisci deb et dati , alter accepti
nunquam ; lacerat anim um cl prem it frequens m erito rum com m em o ratio . Pericles(Thuc. u . 40) lo o ks at the m atter fro m a
difl'
erent point o f view: rip r a'
o'
xowes
66 11717181 dpfivrer 117 151141011 robs whom ”
See the oppo site v iew o f Aristo tle
’
s strange yeyahbwvxos (Eth . Iv . 3 ,
801101761 dé xal m uovebew 001 by
1 04190w 60, 1511 d’a» rddw w 00. There
is a New England saying , If a m an
does yo u a favour, he follows yo u with a
tom ahawk allyourlifetim e .
7 . wpoaxolio o pa t z cf. arm our (sc.
rdEat), VI II . 7 1 .—57 09 M fi qppa t, as I
have been understood, i. e . the general
Opinio n which has b een fo rm ed o f m e .
8. donu t p01 : se . ab ms br ethfi¢0aa
2 7 0— 2 7 6. We have here a sorto f pero ration to the discourse on Fortune
rofrror 2 , L ; ro vrovlvulg . 5 .
m irrw airiav L, vulg . ; alrlar om . 2 1 , Vcim ., Bl.
o v-
yxwpd‘
a 1101
252 in which the o rator com es
at last to the precise po int o f his o ppononi
’
s rem ark, that Dem o sthenes has
b ro ught ill-luck upon every perso n o r
state with which he had to do (Aesch.
111 . H itherto Dem osthenes has
spoken far m o re o f his “ fortunes ”than
o f his fortune .
”
See rem arks b eforenotes on §252 .
2 7 0. a. 15116 roi‘
rrov rdv 1'
ih1ov , as
we say, under the Su n : klingt fastpo etisch (BL). See 11. v . 267, be am
Gao'w 1h"
M? r'
fiéhtbv re : 0d. xv . 349,
in!" 1107 11: heMow. In proseinrb with the accu s . generally im plies ex
tension towards so m ething, an ideawhichwe m iss here .
3 . 60609, unharm ed : cf. 1 253, where
we have the originalm eaning, free fro m
penalty , as in xxm . 78, rub-n ):
(dlxm) ddqfio sM ien he is atyu itted.
4 . Swa n-
tics : see 32 27.
6. 116o M o on , has fallen to
the lot of u s all: the subject is rip lithe
and tram -
awrefers to allthe
Athenians (cf. 5 oppo sed to 1 617
pnder cbn'
or’
lbbvrwv épé in 5 He
wo uld adm it (he im plies) that his own
fortune had extended to Athens , were itno t that foreign states had sufl
'
ered the
sam e illfortune .
AHMOZOENOYZ
8A 1 A A Q I 2 2 1 “ I
61110. 11011519 1 0111 019 111111 17111111t 0111 7 01'
01111 axes heyew
27 4 fieh‘
rtfw ; 1 01311111 1 029 dhh019 éyary’
dpdi
6219110311019 8101111006110 110i. 1 61 07111 6310. 11019 rd. 110101310 .
116? 1 19 e'
110311 dpyfiv 110i 11011 131 1 0151 011 . e’
fvjpapre’
8 A1 19 01110111
°
0v'
yy110'
111 1711 dwi. m e 1 1110111509 1 015101 . 0131" 8181110111
5 7 19 0131" e’
fapaprd v, e1’
.9 1 31 11510 1 80110131110. 0vp1d1e'
pe111 £01o
82 e
0 02 c I 2 2
08, 2
8\
A. 80119 o u 110e 010 15 11 15 0110111 10111 01111 OVG 1Ce111 011 e 01 0
2 7 5 pei0901 1 01015701 851101011 , dhhd. 0vvdx0€0900 4101117061 01
8 . di d? (for kh a n) A 1 .
2 7 4 . 3 . 61174711, 1 11101111011 , awryvéprpv (4 ) 2 , A 1 6m , rtuwpla, 01177 111611 11 vulg . ;
bpybv, 1 111111111011, 0m va’
1111) L . 1101 2 1 061 011 2 , L , Y , Q , A 1 11016. 1 011 V6; 1101"
0151 06vulg . 65151111111 01 L. 4 . 6110111 (corr. from 1511160) L. (for1 015-101) A2 . 5 . é£000p1 1l111 A 1 ¢épea1 (01111 in m g. ) 2 . 0131 611 V6.
6. nerd. 1 6111 11111 A l, F, Y .
2 1 in
2 7 6. r.
8. i v : with fleh‘
rt’
w.
Westerm ann thinks the argum ent o f
this section not qu ite fair (“ nicht ganzehrlich as it is no t to b e assum ed that
Aeschines assented to allwhich he didno t o ppo se . But, apart fro m the o b v io usirony o f parts o f the argum ent (as in 015
yap ir’1 1311010 it was surely no t
too m uch to expect o f the acknowledged“ leader o f the o ppo sition in such a
desperate crisis , that he sho uld at least
protest stro ngly against m easures o f such
vital im portance as tho se which he cen
sures afterwards , even if he could no t
pr0po se any po sitive m easures him self.
Now it is an im po rtant part o f the argu
m ent o f Dem osthenes, that Aeschinessaid nothing whatever o n such occasio nsas the sudden se iz ure o f Elatea b y Philip .
See 008 6’
see the whole passage , 188— 19 1 . The
o nly gro und o n which such neglect can
b e excused is the one here assum ed, that
the o ppo sition had no b etter plan to
pro po se . Even this inab ility is no t m ade
a direct charge against Aeschines ; it ism erely used as a defence against his
unqualified co ndem nation o f the course
taken b y the state . The plain truth is ,o f co urse . that Aeschines really wishedto let Philip have his own way at thistim e .
§2 7 4 . 1 . 1rapé . 0309611012 : see two
0611 om . O . 7 .
“1 151~1 01061 141 L , vulg . 1 010151 141
M ora (1 above) 2 ; W ham-
01 L ; ¢011fi0e1 01 1'd vulg .
sim ilar cases o f in 5 —1rot9
N ow 1160 111, i. e . allexcept Aesch . : cf.
500111 03 b omb-revs, 5 2 7
2 . rd. 1 11109111 , i.e . such (principles)as the following , explained by the state
m ents in 2—7 .—d8111¢t (11621 , a m an
(let us suppose) is gu ilty of volu ntaryinjustice . We have three such suppo sitio ns in independent sentences, withparatactic replies or apodo ses . Fo r a
sim ilar arrangem ent see 5 1 1 7 , 12 601110,
131171011, 11611101: 1711150, with the replies. See
also 5 198.
3 . dpfl v teal. “papa“: se . 861 15, or
61113 .
4 . 051"
018111611 1 19 o i'
rr’
W owi. e . one who neither is gu ilty of injusticenor errs (sc.
6. M’
drdwu v, i. e . in com m on with
On the distinctio n o f 118111151101 0, 011011
115001 0, and d‘
rvxmtara here recognized
D issen quo tes Arist. Rhet. 1. 1 3, 16: 1111
at: re yap 61? 01177 7 16111111 lxew , E's-
16111131 01710, 1101 1010hu m 1101 10“1
11151101 0 111) 1 06 (0011 651017111 (se . ém eurés
uqdé dé 1100111 17001 0 1102 drop )1101 0
' £01 1 6’611 111 151101 0 11211 600 1 01119107 0
1102 11h poxdnplas, (111111110001 0 83 60011011271070 1102 r ovnplas, 661111)
1101 0 M 600 t apdxoya drd 00111111101
1"101 11" 10 7 2p 4111011111011 di d t o
vrpptas.
ITEPI TOY ZTECDANOY
A I v S I A I Q I7 av7 a. wax/0
°
o v'
rws‘ o u p o vo v voyo cs, ahha Ka t. 17 dwcn cA A V
air”) dypafcfio zg vop fpm c Kai. f o r; duflpanrfvo cs 77060 1.A Q8ca
'
ipm ev . Aicrv'
qs‘
To fvvv ro a o v'
ro v fnrepfle'
flhnxev arrav'
rac
9 1 a I I v 0 a c
avflpam'
o vc wp orrrn Ka t a vxo¢aw zg m o re Ka i. aw av7 09 we 5
arvxnparwv ep ep zrqro , Ka t. 7 am ep o u xam yopec.
Kai 1rpbc 7 029 dihhm g, (So -
r ep éste Kai. p er’
2 76
2 . c'v 7 o L . vulg . év om . 2 , A r. minors M SS . ; rapluou Dind. 3 . vagina :
2 , vulg . ; vépo tr O Dind. fiflem L , vulg . om . 2 ; 806m Dind. 4 . 0011 09
(fo r roaoi‘
rrov) V6. fin epfléfinxev O . 6. «a ! om . Y . xafi n épa A l.
2 7 6. r. om . A r.
§2 7 5 . 2 . ro ts vépm s (witho ut e’v), d
by Me laws : cf. and xx. 57, rafira
Kai My“: 1 161 ital“Eats bubpwrac.3 . rots dypédro ts voulpo ts, by Me prin
ciples qf u nwritte n law, further explainedby rots dvapm rlvocr 170m m cf. r14
2. The
unwritten law is known as the law o f
Nature , the m o rallaw. the divine law,
o r the higher law, the law which is no t
alia lex Rom ae , alia Athenis . See Plat.Leg . 793 A , é'o'
n wdv‘
ra rd. Naked/u m
t'
urb 7 6v wokku'
iv dypa¢a vém pa'
xal 00s
r im-
pious véuovs fwovoudfovaw, at’
m JAM .
lar-Iv 13 rdrotaO-ra yapofiro z wdam ela'i t oht'relas, m rafb wdvrwv
Barres 76v ér 7 pdm tam 7 600e re xalxer
yévwv «a! raw(rt reflm ouévwv . Aristo tle
distingu ishes two k inds o f unwritten law,
o ne the xowbs vém r, 6 k arc‘
z ¢uam , the
un iversal law o f Nature , the o ther a
b ranch o f the special law o f particu larStates, bywhich the defects o f the writtenlaw m ay b e rem edied, that is , 76ém eucér,
equ ity . See Rhet. I . 1 3, r, 2 : Myw
Gé vép ov rov ne'
v (draw f or Gé xowbv, law?
pi » rov éxdo'rou cbpwpévov rpbr at'
rrobs,
Kai ro ii'rov 7 6v uér dypa¢ov 7 6v 66 7 t7pap
pévov, xowbv 6676v xwrd low “
ydp,
6 pavreéovral n wdrrer, ¢6¢ret xowbr
Gixacov xal aBurov, may pnbepda xowwrla
r pbs dkkfihovs f) “1766 e uro-6x17, clan an d
Zo¢oxkéovs'
Aw ¢76vn ¢atvera¢ Myowa,
87 ; Glxcu ov dwezpnpévov od4u t rov Hohv
vein ), (in ¢u’
ae¢ 5v rafira btxawv . He then
quo tes Antig . 456, 457 , 06ydp 61 00’
¢dwy, and the verses o f Em pedocles
JAN). 76 pév rdwwv vém po v 6rd. 1"
et’
fpvuéaow os
G . D .
awépo s fivexéws rérarat 6¢d ‘
r dr hé'ro u
a?) ‘
yfir.
In I . 13, rr, m Aristo tle m o re distinctlystates the distinctio n o f this “
un iversallaw
”
and 7 6ém eurés, equ ity : 7 6v 6’dypd
W 660 éarlv el61r raii‘ra 6'
Gerri 7 6. yév
a’
bwcpfiokiyv ciperfis xai xaxlar(above t/zelegalstandard,Co pe) 7 6. 687 06l6iovrépwv
Kai ye'
ypappévou A hempa . 7 6yap e'm eute
‘s
Jone? 6lxa¢ov clwu ,{an 66
'
(m em es 7 6rapd
(beyond) 7 6v‘
yeypauaévov vluwv 614m m ».
5 . duo-u rn : cf. (bp brepor, 2 1 2
1 —68
dwxq r fl v : see Aesch . li t. 57 , 1 569 6é
dr vxnadrwv drdwwv Anpoo flévmr al‘n ov
y eyem p évov .
2 7 0— 2 90. Here Dem o sthenes
b egins b y alluding to the attem pt o f
Aeschines to represent him as a skilfu lsophist and rheto rician , who willim po seon the judges byhis wily arts . He reto rts
b y showing that his own oratorical powerhas always b een exerted in b ehalf o f
Athens, while that o fAeschines has b eenused to help her enem ies o r to gratifyperso nal m alice . He refers to the testim ony o f the citizens in cho o sing him to
de liver the eu logy o n those who fe ll atChaero nea, as a pro o f o f his patrio tism .
Finally, he declares that the present
calam ities o f Greece have b een caused
by m en o f the stam p o f Aeschines invarious Greek States andhe gives a b lacklist o f these traito rs who have b etrayedthe ir countries to the co m m on enem y.§2 7 0. r. i. e . posing
a: one w/w Izod always spoken I u'
s own
” mug/rt: hon estly and loyally : we gene
ral ly translate (for co nvenience) a: if fie
AHMOZOENOYZ
I I I I
cur/01.0.9 wawa g etpnxwg 7 0119 hc-
yo us, ¢vharrew eye Ka t.
A Qm pew e
’
xe’
hevev , 017 109 fl apaxpofio'
opa t 3 1 8
6€1v6v Kai. 716777 0. Kai. a o¢w ri7v Kai. 76. 6vopd§mm dig
I I v I C A5 saw1rp07 €po c 7 01 17p00
'
o v0 eavrqi 1rep1. ahho v, Ka t. 6170137 619 e
'
xowa , Kai o imén 7 069 dxofiowaq a naboae’
vovg
I I C A I v I1707 av7 09 em w o 7 av7 a heyaw. aym 6 07 1. 7
, 1v
ovcere 7 0177 01! tin ctures, Kai. 1m m} 7 0157 9 pahho v i) e’
p o i VOILiCGTG2 7 7 wpo a eivat. xdxe
'
iv’
66016’
67 1. rip) e’
pfiv 66111 157 777 11.307 6» ydp . xairo t éyw
‘
y’
6péi 7 739 76W he'yo'
v'
rwv 6vv0fptea19A g a
7 069 dxo v'
ov'
rac 76 wha m m y Kupt uS' dis yap av
I <7 I v C I0117066150006 Ka t. 1rpo g exam
-
o u ex'
rrr evvo cag, o vrwg o heywvy A 7 7 1 “ a 7 3 I 3 I
5 66056 dipo vew. 61. 6 o vu 607 1. um fl ap epm e zpta
7 011x157 1), 7 11 157 7711 pév efipria'
ere fl aiw ec év Kowo'
is e’
fe‘
raCoI Q C A A C 6 I
peony u 1rep v w Ka t. o v6apto v xa0 vpaw ou m u
I I I A I C A A615 rovrov 7 0vvavn o v ov p ovov 7ai heyew vrrep raw exfipwv,
3 . éxéhevo ev A2 . r apaxpoéo opat 2 ; r apaxpoéo'wpat L, vulg . 4 . dis om .
A2 . 5 . A2 . ell-
01 Y . 6. 061: Can (fo r cinch -
1)V6. 7 . rt (fo rV6. 9. retail-m V6.
5 2 7 7 . 1 . m léxei‘
vo 6’
vulg . ; 6'
om . 2 , L, Ar. 3 . 76rheto rov Mp0: vu lg . ;
Mp0: om . 2 , L1. xvplo us 2 , L ; xvpfovr6117 11: vu lg . 4 . Exocr
’
O . 6. £1 1
(fo r Y . 7. he ! brep 0. A r.
had spoken (guasi vero dixisset,
tho ugh there is no thing co nditio nal inthe participle with die t ep (witho utwhich m ere ly expresses com pariso n (M .T.
2 7 7 . a . (w as well! g rant
that I have it. Having b roken his sen
tence , he proceeds to say that the hearers
have it in their power to neutralize the
867) having , as itwere, spohen , wo uld b e
m o re co rrect, tho ugh less clear. See 150
r ep 06x, and no te o n 16:
3 . 6M : se . finds—6vm e min apaKpo fvcm pa t : an o b ject clause afterwildff ew and m peiv, though its sub ject appearsb y attractio n (éué) in the leading clause
(M .T . This is a reply to Aesch .
16, 1 74 , 206, 207, and o ther passages .
4—6. lxov
'ra. (accus .
i. e . assu m ing that this m ust needs be so .
16: has no m o re co nditio nal fo rce than
cb'
o'
irep tho ugh we find it co nvenientto use as if in translatio n (M . T . 864)no tice oéxért with axewoaévovs, showingthat there is no thing conditional in the
express io n .—o6n£n crank y-(vows, willnot
further eom ider : cf. m l69; im plyingwithoutfu rther thought, alsbald (BL) ; soxx. 65, Kai 67; Xehvpévas.
highest gifts o f e loquence by refusing to
listen . See X IX . 340, (L! uév rob vv dhhat
(m a n s: claw a t’
rrdpxa s, 667 06
Myew, 7 6. r ap’
7 11351 dxo uévrwv
dvrwrfi, 61ax61rrera1.
3 . 169 div " . 1rp6s (nae-rov lxm
"
a’
wo fas,i. e . according to you r good
-will towards
each , e6v0far b e ing partitive with 169, as
in air 7 0177 0 edvoiar.
4 . 037 109 «bpovc‘
iv, i. e . 156 o r xaxé‘
u
¢poveim
5 . ly mph , sub stituted m odestly fo rthe stronger 6e1v61
~177 a o f l . r, the o riginal
co nstructio n b e ing resum ed b yrad-
m v
6. lfim topéq M p inguiw, m arshalled
on you r side, the fam iliar m ilitary figure :see no te o n g 1 7 and éfqrag
'
émyv in
5 1 73°
8 . f ofivav'rfov (adv. ) sc. éferafopém v
eépfio e‘
re .
196 AHMOZOENOYZ
6116111 Kai. 7 00'
0v7 000'i hd'yov9 dm hwxe
'
vac
I V I I 3 A5 1.61.a 9 6x0pa9 Kat. 050011011 Kat. am p01l1vx1a9 617 7 1 0 1771 61011 ,
06661169 ” 1170 7 06. 766661) Kai. 7 069 1rp69 Eja’
a1’
176r1 6.31v I280 11611 6172 76116 6116111 Kai 176.0'
a11 6x61. namfau . Kai.
A I I I Q I Iao 1. 6011619 6K 7 0v7 a111 , ALO
’
XLVI), hoywv 617 166c 11 7 111a 11a 1.
q vaa'
mfa 9 Bo vhéaevo s‘
170117'
0'
a0'0a 1 7 067 011 17p06h6
'
0'0a 1. 7611
A I 3 A I v
aywva , o vx a61xnpa7 o s 011661109 haBew 7 1amp1a 11 . 60 7 1. 6
5 06x 6 X67 09 7 06667 07109, Ala—xiv", 7 571 1011 , 066
’
6761109 7 1393 A A A
410111 179, ahha 7 0 7 av7 a 17p0a 1p610'0a 1 1rohh019 Ka t. 7 0 7 0119
28 1 a 1’
17 069 p ro Kai 0501 6211 060'
1rep 617a7p1fs . 6ydp 067 0197 1 1 s 9 s e r 7 s A e 1 s 1 1 " 6
exa m 7 1711 M 1711, 0117 09 617 61111010. 17arf7 0 6 ad) 0111 1;
17071 19 17po opa7 a 1. v 6vv0'
v 6av7 '
fi, 7 0157 0v9 06pa 1761501v 06x3 A g A e A A A V 3 A 3 I617 1 avm 9 0717161. 17001019, o vxovv 0v66 7 179 aa
'
a heca 9
5 7611 aimi
jv 6x61. 1rp00'601c1fa11 . dhh
’— 6pcji9 ;— 6’-
ya’
1
4 . 7 00067 011: A r. 6. xal0666116: V6. 61161167611 2 , L, vulg . ; 6aa076v Ar.
7 . 11611 6'
6171 F . xalA I ; o m . L , vu lg . ; 6‘
e L ; xal17601111 6x61 xaxiav om . 2 .
2 80. 1 . 1111! p01 2 , L , O , B , A r ; Vom . , West. ; xal Y .
a. hbywv 67 116. 7 1110. 11112 ¢w11ao xfar E, L , F, Q ; 7 6111 hbywr, 61716. 7 1m ¢0111a17 1das vu lg . ;
611 7 1611 M fyaw7 067 0111 , Alex. V6. 3 . rpoo'
ehéo dac Y . 5 . 2 , L ;vu lg. 6. 7 a67 a A 1 . xalA: 7 06: 6x0p06s V6.
2 8 1 12 . 067 1117 L . 3 . 116161111611 7 17 11 2 1 , L ; 7 1110. 1111161111011 2 vu lg .
4 . 67 1 7 01 : 067 06: B, V6 67 1 763 1167029 O‘, 11676: 0 V6. 661701111
2 , L ; 0611067 Ar. 5. 7 067 a A l , O .
4 . w vw xm c plvov, having tru mped
up.
5 . purpoimxfas, littleness of soul, o p
po sed to m aho ipvxia, 5 cf.
6. 06661169 xprjo'roii : neuter, cf. 111111
7 11 7 6 m a d, xx . 1636601 1117 0. with 67 2 7 6116’ recurs to the
idea o f 16.
7 . strengthens the verydepth of baseness : radar 6x61 xaxlav ,
5 2 80. 3 . 60111117 11605 , declam ation
(practice o f vo ice) : cf. 5 and pa ra
an jo us and r em m om xé s in xxx. 2 55,
3 36
6. 1790 a “ M ots :
cf. 281 5 ,
g 2 8 1 . 3 . 7067 0113 renews em phati
cal ly the antecedent im plied in 641’ 151 .
(sa d does not ride at
the sam e anchor, an o ft- quo ted saying .
See Harpocr. under 0611 67 ! 7 63
andApo stolius X I" . 55 (Paro ern . Gr. 11.
p. b o th no te the e llipsis o fdyxvpas.
Ano ther expressio n was £172 6110211 6111162(se. d‘
yxvpm v), 6111-2 7 1011 1117 7 611¢ws 6705117 1011
(Apo sto l . VII . to which So lon refers
in his co m pariso n o f Athens with her twosenates to a ship with two ancho rs : Plut.$01. 19, 0161161
107 67 1 6001 flouhai‘
s 1517 1 611
117 11191111 11 611110601111 137 7 01 £1 17q 7 1711 t u
(17600111 . See the singu lar turn g iven to
the pro verb in LVI . 44 . Cf. Soph . Ant.
188— 190, quo ted in xxx . 247 .
4 . 051101111 01383 : the two negativesun ite the ir fo rce, and that o f 0131 , there
fore, rem ains : 0151101711 06613 wo uld give essentially the sam e sense .
5 . see 06x 61167 ; 2325,
and 015 —4yoi : the e l lipsism ay b e supplied from 067 1-11 wv 7 1111
n/1 i1z'h11 (r), with the preceding 7 67 111576.
HEP! TOY ZTE¢ANOY 197
y6p o'
q Se'
povfl'
7 0117 010'i, 11013. 0156611
1761011 17617013711011 . ip’
01311 0666 06; 110i. 171719 , 69 23 2
11676. 11 111q 1111603611769 6’
170p615011 17p69(Poww ow, 69
1311 76111 6116611019 7 029 xp611019 0 111141011611 11 177 109 Tfi 17a7p1f61,xai 61111106110 09 7611 61117110006 xp611011 7 11 157 1711
m v xpefav, fl dW GC 1700117 111 . 769 0 17 191 111 5C I d A fl C A
66114 707 0111 aux 0 11 1) heyaw a. ¢po 11e1 ; 7 19 6 0 161;v1ca7 apa7 a 1 6111015019 ; 7 153 7 01015701 ; 7 5 66 6x01 7 19
afi ,
8’
8C I i A
320 11 61176111 11. unma. p09 p177 0p09 7) 61 111) 7 av7 a. ¢p01161Kai 0
-6 0137 09 67 11. 410677161
6. 7 0117 011171 L .
5 8 8 2 . 2 . 11tix1111 61306017 V6. I m p. orn . A2 . 3 . 61 61166101: L, vu lg. ;611 o m . Z , O. 4 . xpévov B . 5. 7 19 1611 A2 . 7 . 6111107 1111
éxt rlav (after xa‘rapdfl u) Z F Q 8. 1) cl2 , L, O , B ; aom . F,
At . 7 1111711. 9 01161 11111 My“ 7 11117'
6¢p0116'
1" A67“ 2 7 1130
’
15mp " ?
m lltéya L (7 11 117 11 5. A 1) ; 7 11 1176 11111¢p0116'
1'
F. 9. 067 09 E, L, O‘, B‘, A t 7 010177 07 vu lg .
§2 8 8 . 1 . MW 1155 .
6. clko'
p'
qv, in the sense o frpoa1p6i‘
0'0a1
(55 2 8 2 . 1 . ip
'
0611 06860-
t'
1 ; ea1r the
7 61 01110111 .
2 . a11ct 111163 0011 1 011 : Ae
ach ines (m . 227) says o f this, 114x111
. bréprfiscm plar 7 6716101
Aeschines, Dem ades (fro mwhom the peace was nam ed, 5 and
pro b ab ly Phocion, went to Phi lip to ne
go tiate a peace after Chaeronea. As
Blass rem arks , itwas very im portant thatpersonae gratae sho u ld be sent on thiscritical m iss io n ; and Aeschines was wellqualified. See Hist. 5 81 .
4 . 7 061-1111 7 1111 xpdav : this, takenwith7611 5111 00006 xp611011 , re fers to earlier perso nal interco urse with Phil ip. Aeschinesis now less anxious to repudiate thischarge , in the day o f A lexander’s greatsuccess in Asia : see 111. 66, 6yap 11117 11
Mfavbpor 1111111M0111.» 7 67 6 111170
M n ras Amwo'flém r, 6 5611111 11 6110!
rpo¢épw rip “7165611811011, and cf. 5 1 ,
52 (ab o ve).
7 . 1111701167 01 : 11 m ost com prehensivecurse (dpd) was a part o f the religio us
cerem ony at the opening o f each m eetingo f the Senate andAssem b ly. See xxm .
97 : 6167 611 11070067 01 1100’6110177 1711 61111111;
171011 6 7 17 6501 076 A67 1” 1)
30k 17 66)r 7 7111 61 101011 . Add to
this xxx 70: 7 060’11 1 671611 1011 1100
’
7 9111 éxxhwlav 6 11?)v 66xe7 01 11611111 1 0017
7 67 010610, 00267 011 4) Bo ok ); 1100117 01, r ap
11 11-1, 7 631111 . (It is added thatAeschines,as 67 070001107 660111 611211 1102 617 17067 12111
poultij, had the duty o fdictating this curseto the herald.) Blass quo tes Dinarch. t. 47
(o f xardparor 661108’
611107 1111
éxxkflolar 7 11161161101, éfeknke'
yuh os 6171110
11076. 7 i): 176Mm elhnM s, 65117 07 111161: 66
xai 7611 66571011 1102 7 7111 flank-3711 r apd
dpdv, 1101 67 600 11611 h é'
ywv 67 6710 66
¢p011 13 11, which shows that 6 )té‘yaw6.
¢p01163 (6)was included in the sam e curse .
See also Dinarch. 11 . 16, 1 01061161101
6! 7 11 66710 kapfldww 11676. 7 067 0 (Blass11 1) 7 067 6) M
1
761 1102 7 17 111617 1161 r ep! 7 1311
17007 1107 1011 , e’
fa’
fltq 7 007 011 611 01. See no te
on 5 1303.
9. 05700: cf. 6¢dvm1 067 01 67 16, 5
5 s ea. 1 . 410677 1 1. (mss . 0015-77 11)see no te on 5 t and cf. 676?
198 AHMOZOENOYZ
Bhe'
vrew eig 70 7 0157 007 17776010170 7 cha€is 1767 ep’
mix"in/e?
7 07 7 060 e av7 o o a'
7 tg el; 7) 7 o <ro v7 07 vm zov Kai M7077!)
01707 7 09 exew co o-
7 o v F'GFV’TO'OM 7 ov9 hdyo vs o vs 88177077
5 yopetc e’
v 7 g) wohe'
pq), x07 0pwptevo s‘
Kai stapvvpevo s
II a 7 s a e
e va t (7 0! x01. (Dthtm rcp wpaypa , 00th epte 7 777 (rat
I s r A a 7 v a 7 s 9 a a
7 av7 qv efl ayew 7 179 even exflpas‘
, avn o va'
av almo'
q.
284 as; 8 dwyye’
hfln 7 01x07 3 7) adm ,o v8ev 7 ov7 m v q oww'
a g
evOe'
wc mp ohéyetc Ka i vrpo a'
evrowv Kai fer/La v ell/0L
wpbs 013767 , 7fi pw flapvfa 7 0v7 0 p e7 07 t0e'
pevo s 76.
676007 0’
e’
x wo ia g yap 50079 i) swa th s 1rpq afa'
ewg Airrxtfvp5 7 m Phavxo flea g m e 7 vpvram a
'
7 pt'
09 fe’
vo g 1) (films ?)n yvaipm o s
"
qv (Dthtm ro g ; e’
ym prev ovx opt», amt ep ccrflaiflns e’
1ri. 70: 7 0
7 o v7wvi. O'
q Se'
powa. StaqSGefpew . 0903 dam s, 057 m (pave/xii;06769 eihnppe
’
vo g wpoSdm s Kai. nan }. 0'
0v7 0v e’
rri.
2 . 7 067 077 2 , Y ; 7 0v7 ¢07lL, vulg . iryei‘
z ; M L ; fin vulg . 3 . em 7 00037 07 2
5. t o 2 (An o ver 7 0k), L (617W o ver r okemp), Ar 61mg: vu lg .
5 2 8 4 . a.
Aloxlm vu lg . 5 . 7 hvx0060s Z .
3. 807 7s ct, who you are :“n icht om
'
s
sis , sondem qu i sis”
(Westerm ann).
4 . 601’ mi pepvfi‘
c h t, (so) that they donot rem em ber, no t (so )as not to rem em ber :
this is a regular case o f Jun e at: with the
infinitive in indirect disco urse , where thedirect fo rm wo u ld have b een 7 00067 07
607’or) ,uéwm 7 0c (M . T .
See Shilleto , Append. B . to Dem .
de Falsa Leg . , pp . 2 79—284, who dis
cusses this passage ; Madvig , Syut. 5 co s.Anm . 3 ; Gildersleeve , Am . Jour. o f
Philo l . vn . p . 1 74 (who se who le articledeserves carefu l study). A fewexceptio nalcases o f (507 4: 06with the infinitive , noticed by Shilleto , p. 283, have never been
satisfactorily explained (M . T .
5. G7 767 « cum»: oppo sed to a nd 7 477
pdxnv when Aeschines went o n
his em b assy to Philip.—x07 096|u vos 001
81007691 7 09 , cu rsing (i. e . pro testing, withcurses on him se lf if he was false) and
swearing ; like Matth . Evang . xxvi . 74 ,7 bre fipsaro (Ilérpor) x07 00euarlfet7 x01
607607 , then began he to curse and to
swear.
evOéwr 2 ‘ (was: co rr. L, vu lg . 4 . “07417 7; E, L, O , Y ,<l> ;
8. 0676s 2 , L , 0, A t . a, B ; 067 01} vu lg.
6. 011 n th-
m : i.e . the charge
o f intim ate relations with Philip.
§2 8 4 . a. «luau-
yore : i.e . yo urfriendshipwith Philip . 001 50407 : see
5 1 , 50.
ing by exchange).
5 m vm pias, tz'
m breI- beater : the
7 607-
07 07 , kettle-drum , was a favo uriteinstrum ent in the Asiatic cerem o niesdescrib ed in 259, 060. See Eur.
Baoch. 58 (Dionysus speaks), alpeo oe
7 dr txoipt’67 t bket v ydiy 7 1507 07 0,
'
Péas
re 0177 1369 0'
nip-6007 0, with 1 2 3
105 ; He] . 1346 xakxoii 8’
x007 £07 7 67 0707’Ghafie fivpo o7 e7
‘i‘
)
and Ar. Lys . 388, x05 7 007 07 40306: x01
r vn oi o afidi‘
toc. (See Bl.) 7 7694 503
(after $670: 13 or even an acquaint
8. 007 i an in
form er against yourself after the facts,whereas r apt). 7 6000307 70 (cf. 5 he
haddenied everything which to ld againsthim (5 See 5 197
° and no te .
AHMOZOENOYZ
1671639 110267 018639, 16Zeii Kai deo i, Kai nam yop06ww7 e’
pto i}3 2 1
7 060’
0°
Kai. 06 7 7 7 i. real. h0180p0v71 e'
7 107 , 67’
dp e17 07 e’
xetpo
286 767 171767 pe . 76 8’
067 107 0611 dyvo eig 7167 , 60019 86(ppcia'w
(7 01 dq drep’
fi8e0'
07 067 02, 7e 7’
e67 0107 Kai
17p00v71 1f07 ptefl’
69 76. 17pafy71 07’
617p07 7 07 , Kai. 767 6,1 e7 e'
p07
68111607 ' 6 y6p e60e7 067 7 107 7 017 17p07 71 0'
7 107 1jp7 e80'0e 810
5 pvbp evm , 7 067’
e’
7 oi; 617 7 010 1 7 617 191 19 épohoy‘
tj0'
07 e . 7 06;
067 e’
1ri. 7 029 11017 039 6.7 vx1j7100'
17 167 e’
cfipdvo vv hafldwae
d8e107 e’
xdpoiig 7167 86760’
67 1617 07 7 0 067 02928 7 yeye7 170901
°
el7 0 x0i 17po o-
17'
xe17 [6170h071607 07 7 es] 767
epo v7 7 15172 7 019 7 e7 ehevm x60'
1 1101 exewwv 0pe7 177 1100'
71 1717 07 7 0 71e 6pwpo¢107 7160 67100 1707 807 ye'
yevnp e'
vov
7 A
e1va 1 7 019 17p09 e’
xetfvovg 170p07 0fajt1 e'
7 019, 71 178’
8 . 611 13: V6. 9.
Lips . ; 7 060' West. , Bl .
ence? 7167
7 07 7 0 2 , L ,vu lg . 7 067 6. B2 (see Schaef. App”) Bk . Dind.
,
1101 (b efo re o m . V6. 10. 11 1: 2 , L , in! vu lg .
e60w67 7 107 O '
66pe067 7w7 V6.
611-ehdptfia7 07 vulg . irr éhaflwm p6 (fo r 181
2 8 0. 2 . 1101 £7 162 , L . 067 01 A 1 . 2 . 4 .
7. 07 7 011 2 ; L, vu lg .
Q 2 8 7 . 1 . br ohaufidrtowes E. L , F,<6, in Bl. ;
Y , A2 . 2 . 671067 7 0 2 , L, A 1 . 2 ; 60067 7 0 7 67'
vulg . 3.
A 1 . 61.110p6p107 L‘. 4 . 7 001 7 05011 (07: ab o ve) L’ .
9. d 1101 1767 117 1, i. e . which you again
(1102)nowcharge m ewith . dpewov, all
the m ore eagerly : acc. to Bl. no t e lsewherefound in this sense .
5 2 8 0. 2 . 067 01, of them selves (witho ut b eing to ld).4 . d repeats fo r
the who le Macedo n ian party what was
said o f Aeschines in 282 , 283 . Fo r
6101176710 01 see
5 . 681107 , i. e . those
who gained license to speak their m inds
with imp un ity , etc. See 198, 1637.
66100 is now used in Athens fo r an
ordinary perm it, e .g . to visit the Acropolis b y m oo n light.5 2 2 7 . 1 . elm . 1101 -17900611117 : se .
M 007 ” (from 5 I b racket 67 0
hayfidvovres with Blass : a m ere careless
ness in style , aim ing at no rheto ricaleffect, seem s inadm issib le in this o ratio nsee no te o n 3 1 7 See critical no te(ab o ve).
3 . “0960107 : to b e u nder the sam e
roof with anyo ne had a pecu liar signifi
cance to the Greeks . Trials fo r hom icidewere he ld in the o pen air that ne itherthe judges no r the pro secuto r (usuallya re lative) m ight b e under the sam e roo f
with the accused. See Ant. V . 1 1 ; and
cf. Dem . xx. 1 58, and Plat. Rep. 4 1 7 A,
where the ru ling class are fo rb idden to
go under the sam e ro o f with gold o r
silver. 4 701, no t a m ere
pleo nasm fo r 7 07157 130001, b ut expressingm o re fo rcib ly the co m b inatio n o f pastand
future which is o ften seen in 7 17 01130001
(M . T . 101 , i. e . they thought he
should not be one who had been under the
sam e roof , etc.
4 . see and
no te o n o vnr aparazduwot, 2 t6‘ .—¢xetnwpdtu v : the reb elling in Philip’s cam pafter the victo ry at Chaero nea was no
to rio us . See Plut. Dem . 20, where the
sto ry is to ld o f the drunken Philip rushingout am o ng the slain and chanting the
introducto ry wo rds o f the decrees o f
i'
lEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
I I 2 A A 1 I
nwpalew 1101 1701w7 1§e17 e1rt 7 019 7 107 Ehhqvwv a vp¢0p01s 5
nerd. 7 137 067 0xe1fp107 7 06¢67 0v , 8e6p0 8’
66007 7 0 7 1710000 1,
71 17867 77 8011p6e17 61701cp17671 e7 07 e’
xetf7wv 76a ,
2 A A A A 2 e I 2 c A0660 7 77 tlrvxp 0
'
v7 ahye 17 . 7 07 7 0 8 ewpwv 1r0p e0v7 01s 1101
1rap'
£7102, 170p0 8’
67137 06. 810. 7 067’
671’
6xe1p07 0'
7 170'
07
2 e A 2 e A 9 e A1101 aux vy.a s . 1101 cux 0 ptev 81771 09 am ong , 01 8e 7 107 288
I I C C A I I7 e7 ehev7 171107 107 1707 epee 1101 08014701 01 7 170 7 0v 817710v 7 00
’
C I V I A
01pe0e7 7 ee a n 7 09 7 04709 a)tt 17 10? 0660 8e07 1ro 1et7
067 069 7617eptf8e117 7 07 03; 1rap’
o ixe107 0'
.7 rp 7 e7 ehevm 1167 077 ,
5 . 1 01107 111117 2 , L, F, Y , A 1 1 0107 131117 vu lg . 6. 6e6p06' L , E
’,vulg . , 6
’
om . V6; 6e6p'
Z ', m . 0067 7 0 2 , A 1 . 2 ; 0067 7 01 vu lg . (see 7
7 . 2 , L1, A 1 . 2 , B ; 110! 71 1766vulg . 61 0110176110 07 A 1 67 0107 07167 07 : 2 , L,
Vdm . (cf. 8. 1101 r ap'
6017703: 0 9. r ap'
6'
06A2 .
5 2 8 8 . 2 . “711 7 7 171167 07 0.
Dem o sthenes , which m ake an iam b ictetram eter: 7 5 76177 616
7 677 xap67 tfvfiplom'
, 1101 11 10711000: 61 1
7 061 7 1 1 77061 711106107 , fi6e 7677 6px1'
77 7 06
13171100067 07 :” 01071107 01 rp6s 7 660 6101p1'
67
x01 61 0117706107 , Anu o aGévns 6 1771 0006
7 07 1 110 107 166: 706'
637 157 . Theopo m pus, frag . 262 , re lates that Philipinvited the Athenian envo ys to supper,
and after they had withdrawn spent
the night in a drunken reve l with com
panio ns o f b o th sexes until dayb reak ,when he dism issed these and rushed in
upo n the Athenians in the ir lodgings(611161106117 16: 7 061 Schaefer,
111 . 25 , quo tes an anonym o us address to
Dem ades in Herodian . 070771 . (vu l. 602
iv . ) 061167 7617 677110617, 616700 7 0p6
<611117 1707 , 67 127 660611 A afior 1101 06 1167
07 7617 17 1 : 067 13 1107 6 761 a bhem ewou
7167 171, 67 16660607 767 17 07‘
110201) 1167 07 7 17
76330779 7 02} 611117 07 07 7 007 671 1701
(Sauppe d ffl v éMGVOS), 6767 66 06 07 7 17
76750177 . See x1x . 1 28, where Aeschines
is charged with jo in ing fam iliarly in the
festivities he ldby Philip after the destructio n o f the Pho cians (see H ist. It
is fair to give Plutarch’s additio n to his
acco unt in Dem . 20 (quo ted ab o ve):
611 7 171001 66 761167 1001 7 06 7 17710707 7 01067 67 676701 67 7 13 M6617 , 607117 7 1: 7677
61 17 67 777 0 1101 7 777 667 07117 7 066177 07701 , 67
01 (b e fore 6176) 2 , L ; om . vu lg .
4 . 06110707 10 (e over 1) 22; 01111 107 67 107 Y1 .7 60
’
om . V6.
7 107 o m . 0, Y . 7 67 6707 167 107 0.
“(pet 111 117713 1116: 471167701 767 61767; 7 13:1102 7 06 0167107 0: 67 077011701 1117
67 707 0707 1 00061: 611"067 06.
6. 7 67 0670x1¢po v z 0676x070 is pro
perly o ne who co m m its any deed by his
own hands o r b y his own act, as in xxx.
60. 762 6.0ek yelas 7 7067 171 0676x1590, and
Soph . Ant. 306, 767 0676x0770 7 0661 7 06
76007 . It also , when 067 07 is easilyundersto od, m eans a m urderer
,as in
XX I . 1 16, 7 67 abrbxetpa 6x07 7 es, like06067 7 171, cf. Eur. H . F. 1 359, 7 016107
06067 7 177
7 . rfi007 -ii601177611 7 : 0 strong m eta
pho r, oppo sed to 76V/vxij0v7 0h-
ye‘
1'
7
—617011p176|117 07 , lihe a play - actor : cf.
617011777 1 7 01, he plays his part,7 67 7 7x67 : o b ject o f 6011776617 . Bl. takes
it with 611-01 71176111 707 , as in x1x. 246,’A7 7 1767 177 6170116m .
10. 6710'
s, i. e . any one of you : cf.
611 1767 ,
g 2 8 8 1 . 06x, negativing the two
clauses with and 66: cf. and
the grand clim ax in 1 79, with no tes .
2 . 1707 i 1101 0604701 : the pu b licfuneral was in charge of a com m ittee o f
re latives of those who had fallen, chosenb y the people .
4 . 76017761 17 707 , thefu neralbanqu etsee Herm ann (Bltlm ner), Gr. Priv . Ant.
5 39 (p. Sm ith, Dict. Ant. under
AHMOZGENOYI
v 8 3 7 I A a a I 7 s I
5 010'
17ep 7 0101 6111106 7 17 7 60001, 7 07 7 6170117007 170p7 A A
e11167 17 9 °
767 61 ydp 611007 09 611010 7 151 71 010107 0111 15109 6711017666 17017 17 066619 e
’
yyvre’
pm"
ydp 311617 07 9
17 1110137 01 1cai. 1107 0p0010'
01 min d-
7 0 067 09 1cai. 3 2 2
0I d I v A C C i f A
170 07 7 107 0 11 171707 17 1610107 7 179 u 1rep 01707 7 1117 1711 6107 07
10 p e7 eixev .
A289 Ac
’
ye 6 067 19 7 07 7 1 76 e’
1rifyp011110, 6617110010 17p0e1he0:t I Ar) 170)t 1s 067 019 e
’
17 1ypaftl10 1, 17 CLSfiQ, A10'
x17 17, 1101 67 067 19I7 07 7 151 007 767 0717 161107 0 1101 07 1101607 7 177 07 7 0 1101
he'
ye .
5. 1 11601 1 Y . 7 . 7011 76vulg . ; 76o m . 2 , L , B . 9. 7 1217 7 11067 7 107 V6.
5 0676(fo r 06713) A2 . 7 07 7 1 2 , L , B , A 1 . 2 ; 7 067 0 vu lg . a. 1)175101017 0 V6(m g . 1603 V6 3 . 06767 (fo r 007 767 ) Y . 67 7 0
1101 07 1100. 67 7 0 Y .
in V6, added in m g . )67 7 0 11101167 0. (6 -
ye, lines 1—4 , om itted
The Epigram is om itted in 2 , A 1 , V6 also in text o f L, added in m argin .
Farm s ; Cic. Leg . 11 . 1 5 .—68 n p
’
0111010
70701, at the house of him who stood in the
closestpossible relation to the deceased as
at private funerals the nearest relative.
1711 b e lo ngs to 01111 10707 10, in the usual intensive sense : cf. 5 246
7, 1511 17107017 7 0.
5 . Gm pm fiyn m u i. e . as is the
custom at private funerals , referring to 1117
1rap’0111010707 17 (West. )—61701qwav z like
7 01127 in 3 .
7. i. e . who had m ost at
stake, i. e . in the ir success.
8. 1101 (end), likewise, with 7 0067 7 107
9 . 0. pflm'
Jéekov (se . lit.
which would they had never sufi red thisrather po etic fo rm o f an unattained wishis used here fo r anim atio n , and again in5 See M . T . 734 , 736.
§2 8 8 . Sup-01760, with 117 17 1101701 .—1rpocM
’
1) m o re fo rm al thanthe usual 56051 7 13 176711 1, perhaps im plying(as H . Jackso n suggests) a choice from a
num b er o f epigram s sent in b y co m petingpo ets.
0. 17'
29°
EP IGRAM . This canno t b e the genu ineepitaph inscribed on the pub lic m onu
m ent o f the heroes o f Chaeronea. This
explained in
m onum ent was standing on the road to
the Academ y in the tim e o f Pausanias(1 . 09, and it is to be ho ped that
excavatio ns m ay b ring the real inscriptio nto light. The present epigram , as m o st
scho lars have seen , has to o little poeticm erit and to o slovenly a style to b e ac
cepted as genu ine . The spurio us decreesand o therdocum ents in this o ratio n , m ore
o ver, establish a presum ptio n against anydocum ent which pro fesses to have b eenread b y the clerk and no t by the o rato r.
This epigram is no t in the o lder MSS
and it appears in the Antho l . Graeca, 111.p. 3 14 (de Bo sch), w. p. 049 (Jaco b s).We can b e sure o f o ne genu ine verse
which is quo ted byDem osthenes in 50901
(see no te on this verse). A sm all fragm ent o f an inscriptio n has b een found
near the Olym pieum at Athens, cut (acc.
to t ler) b etween 350 and 300 B.C. ,
which contains parts o f six wo rds o f an
epigram in the Antho l . Pal. V 11 . 045 : thisepigram was evidently inscrib ed to the
hero es o f Chaeronea. See C . I . Att. 11.
3, No . 1680. The fu ll epigram is as
fo llows, the letters fo undin the inscriptionb eing printed in heavy type'
0xp67 0, 1707 701117 07 111011 1707 117101107 !6021107 ,
204 AHMOZOENOYZ
2901 11015619, Ai0xfm 7, rrai. 67 067 13 7 0157 171 71 17667 071 071 7 6 1 7
00 7 1 0613 7 11 0 i. 1707 7 0 11 0 7 07100137 ; 067 13 07 716015hw 1 1677
7 07 1107 070007 7 7 07 9 07 0 7 1 07167 07 9 076017116 6157 071 17 , 0M07019 06019 . 7 1 07 7 , 13 11070p07 , 67101 176711 7 0157 17 7 )10180p61,
5 1101 0 001 1101 7 019 0019 01 0601 7p6'
tbe107 619 x6¢0h17'
7 ,
29 1 110660 7 017 7 7 , 171 076p69 A0177 0101, 110i. 0M10 1101777107017
11157 09 0137 03 110i. 1107 64167 07167 07 , 71001 10? 0001571000 1707 7 017
67 6 7 137 0 7 71166a 07 17 7 7 157 6 17 19161 71 7 1700619 06x 139 07
5 200. t . 131 76 (after 7 067 171) L, vu lg . o rn . 2 (erasure ab o ve the line), At .
050710717 627 B . 1 . 0607 (no t changed to 01 137 , 2 ; 06137 vu lg . ; 0600Y , Ar.
xarop0137 A r. 07 7 13 7 177 7 07 1107 . 2 om . 2 1 . 4 . 13 o m .‘b .
)to160pei‘ 2 ; 710160776L, vu lg . 5. 010601 om . L . 66! 7 177 B .
5 xar1770p077 701'
V6. 1 . 1101-
0176700710707 0,V6. MXW
'
2 ,
Ar ; 07 7107\107 0 L, vu lg . 67 6 Z , A t ; 67 17 07 7 1117 2 , Ar 07 07 7 13 7 L, vu lg. 3 .
vu lg . ; 67 1 (6 o ver 1) L.
that the wo rds 7117607 0710707 627 007 1 06017
(o r06137 ) 1101 1707 7 0 1107 07100177 are a verse
o f the epigram o f Sim onides o n the hero es
o fMaratho n o f which two o ther lines arepreserved
'
B7th )7 u 7 rpouaxoiirres'
A0177 0i01 M0710
0137 1
xp700¢67117 7 M1761” 0076716007 6157 0
7117 .
See K irchho ff (Herm es VI . 487—489)
who quo tes a MS . scho lium o n Grego ryNanz ianz . Or. in Julian . u . p. 169 D : 7 6
07070717 177 07 , 0117017 , 67 071 07 07116
7 07 1'
7 660711p 7 7 1 17 7 01007 7 010170707600017 6 1102610710030001 07071167 1117 007 17 110k 7 6
1107 00137 . M 61 602 1711117 16177 (617 6’067 07
7 137 0'
Mpurd‘
w) 07 011-
17 710717107 1 7617007 7 1
067 13 0171 7 031 311071001717 1 7 10017017'
A017767 07 1x07 7 013707 , 31 17607 071 0717 627
007 1 060011 0 1 7 11 7 7 6 11 07 030067 . See
Bergk, Po et. Lyn , Sim o n . fr. 81 , withthe no te . See Them ist. Or. xxn . p. 1 76B,
0176160767117607 071071707 617 7 171 41150617:
11617 01 7 171 . 7601 17 71011710 01170007 67107 6 110177 17017 07 1707 7107 7 01 07 7 13
7 13 7 011 06011 7167011
76 1707 7 0 1 07 0710067 0170707161 . Thesetwo quo tatio ns refer b eyo nd do u b t to a
verse in which “never to fail and always
to succeed”is called a div ine preroga
717 1700611 2 , L, Ar, B , 07 0717 1700611 vu lg .
tive ; while it is also certain that in the
sam e wo rds in the inscription quo ted byDem o sthenes these are called a priv ilegesom etim es granted by the Gods to favo ur
ed m o rtals (see §a9o ). The o riginal verseo f Sim onides, (without07 was pro bab ly used 151 yearsafter the b attle o f Marathon , as a we llknow n verse , in the genu ine epigramo n tho se who fe ll at Chaero nea. sti llwitho ut 07 3107 3, b ut with a differentm eaning ; and in this new sense it was
quo ted by Dem o sthenes in 1 90. The
writer o f the spurious epigram in 5 1 89b o rrowed the genu ine l ine (perhaps fromthe text o f Dem o sthenes), and added the
who le o f v . to . In v . 9, as in 501617 has the b est autho rity (see criticalno te). In the scho lium o n Greg . Nanz.we have 0606. which Bergk thinks m ayb e a Christian substitution for0167 . See
no tes o fWest. and BI.
5 2 90. r. see
no te o n 1 89, 7 7 . 9, to .
3 . 070011111 : the epigram o r its co m
po se r, o r perhaps 1) 176k“, is the sub ject.5 . 0. .de 11100107 : cf. x1x. 1 30, 0707
611 116¢0M77 67107 067 136627 7101701 .
g 201 . 3 . 157 07 : se . 00xe o r 0x0!"
cf. 5 1977
TlEPI TOY ZTE¢ANOY
‘V
8, f v I 2 3 I
evvo ve Ka t. LKG LOS fl ohtm s eo'
xe m y v p'
qv, ov8 eSav crev,
068’
grrafie To co v'ro v 068211 rfi tlfuxfi, dhh
’
e’
n afpas rip! dm m‘
yv S
32 3 Kai. yeyqfldie Kai hapvy'
yin (fie'
ro nev e’
uoi} xam yopew
t o vdn , Se'
iypa e’
fe'
qSepe xafl’
e'
av'
ro i}311 . 7 039 yeyevnpe’
vo cg9 A 9 t I V U I Aam apm g o v8ev opo u o s eaxe f oes ahho cs . scam
-
cl. ro v raw292
vop o w Ka i f f}; wohweia g dmio wowa. (ppow ilew , aio wep o irro s2 8 A 1 9 y A 3 A
vvm , Ka t. en. a ev ahho , 7 0v7 0 y exew 8a , 7 av7 a hv '
n'
ew'fla c
Kai. rain -d. xaipew wohho is, Kai. pi) rfi wpoa tpe'
a'
ec 763V
nowav e’
v 76v e’
vaw iwv pe’
pet Terafxoav 3 a t) W ill5I v
n e'n
'
omxwg ei (pavepo s, ep e fl aw-
m v a tn o v Ka t 8L eye a s
wpdypara. dufo xwv e’
p'rrea eiv rip) m ihw, aim (in ?) 7 139 e
’
pfigI 3 I s I c A A 9
fl ohweta g o v8e apo a tpea ews apfapevm v vywv To es Ehhno wA v fl C h C A
Bonfleur ev en. eyoty ea. 7 0v7 0 fl ap vywv, 8L ep e vpag 298
fivaw céia'flac m xafrd 76v‘
Ehhrfvwv fipxfi fl parrope'
vp,
4 . xalZ , L, A t . a ; 0683 vulg. 5 . rowiirov wider 2 , L , A t ; 0138. rat. vulgouiGév om . A1 . 6. m l(b efo re yey. ) om . O . 7 . am “ (
“
i o ver Gt) 2 .
2 9 2 . 3 . 7'
om . A I . 161 11e L, vulg . ; fao m . 2 , A I . 3, 4 .
rafira A I . 5 . rerdxfiat pipe: A2 66 (fo r 6 d is)Y 1 . viiv O .
6. ¢avep¢3¢ Il O .
§2 9 8 . I . dofleln amped. A2 . rocaii‘ra bi éue‘vulg . ; roaafira om . 2 , L
1,
A I . 2 , Y . l3v evav'
rtwo ticu A2 .
4 . dwells : see note on —l¢rxefl ivwépqv, was disposed.
6. W twv : see Harpocr. , rel
t ha‘
nh'ew “ri p ¢u rby xai psi) xa
‘rd ¢t§¢n v
MiweaOac, tilt)" ém m oeéew r epcepfybrepov
ha'
pv'
ryc xpfioOat oh ms éhé‘ye‘ro . Cf.
Ar. Eq. 358, kapv'
rytéi roils Mropar, I
willscreec/z down the orators .
7 . Setypo . w , lie was m aking an
exln'
bilion , giving a specim en : o f. xxx . I a
—8 N ous : depending o n the
verbalfo rce o f 64:27 pm A bazaar in the
Piraeus, where sam ples o f go o ds (Gel‘ypara) were exhib ited, was called the
Aci-wa : see Harpocr.—t ots m . cm
pots causaldative with (axe,was ajectedcf. loxe rbv 7 1 4m?”
8. rots“M l-9 : with ripp les .
5 2 9 2 . r. 7 031! “par : Aeschinesb egan his speech (1
—8) with a grand
glo rification o f the laws, and o f the ypatfi ;r epu blic-w as the great bulwark o f the
constitu tio n .
3 . f aw n xro‘
is « allots : cf. 576“
rat'
rrd rpoacpeiaOac x.r . 7t.
4 . vii wpoa tpla'
u 7 039 nowév : cf.
192°
and l. 8 (b elow) ; see 933,
sr7’
5 . f ordxom , to befo und (posted).
7 . « pdypaf a , trou bles : cf. Ar. Ach .
3 to , div-b re w alriovs 1 69 rpa'
ypdrwv .
See Aesch . I I I . 57 , Ge a'
rvxrma’
rwr
drdr rwv Aa év-
qv alrtov yeyevnpérov.
this suggests fo rcib lythat the policy of Dem o sthenes o f helpingfriendly states against Philip has followedthe traditionalpolicy o fAthens : see 95— 100. Dem o sth . here only denies that
he began this policy (061: dpfanévwv).§2 9 8 . 2 . Me do
m in ion whichwas growing 1415: cf. §6a"3,
and XX I I I . I t , 6 K epaofiltér r'
p t pdrrwr
fi n: dpxfiv, the active form o f rpa-rro
Mm
AHMOZOENOYZ
A A v I
p eilwv av 8004551) Swpea o'
vpvn‘
acrwv div row ahho cg 8e8wxa'
re .
filth ovr av c’
yw ravra Ma acp c (aSLKo inv yap av upag),5 our av up ete eu on m nrxwpq
o-
awe '
ovro s r ei. 8ixa ia
erro ier, o vx av evexa m s npo s e’
p e ex0pas Ta pe'
yw'
ra ra v
inere'
pwv xahéiv é'
fiham'
e Ka i. Soe'
Bahhev .
I fl A fl I Q
Ahha n ravr em n pw, wohhcp oxerhwn '
ep ahha KamA 3 A
yop'
qxoro s airrov Ka i Karelllevap e'
vov ; 39 yap epou (pokinA A g y
v ia-
pov, (3 7 7) sealOeoi, xam yopee, Ti 057 09 o r’
nc av ew o t ;I t I I 0 Q I
na uro z m ) ro v Hpaxhea Kat. n av'
ra s oecus, en. y err ahnfleiag
8 0'
8 0 8 9 h5 eo n. a xorrew'
a t, TO Karat/xv « r at. Ka t. t. ex pav n eyetvI I I C fl f i Iavehowas ex perrov , u ves
‘ we ah'
qews eta'w 0c; av encore) ;
AKai. sutaiws‘ r
'
r‘
wrwv yeyevnpe'
vwv a in'
av e’
rri. m v xea hiwA 9 I A
ava0etev arravres, f or); opo io vs 7 015175) n ap e'
xa o'
v'
p ra v
r v 3 s a I a v s 9 9 A29 5 fl ohem v evpo vr av, o u rov ; ep o v o r, or nv a0
'0evn ra
Q chfrrrrov rpdypara Kai. xop uSfip u pa, wohhdm g wpohe'
ydv
ra m 13v Ka i. n apaxahovvrwv Ka i. SLSGO'
KOW OJV Ta Behn ara ,
m 9 ZSias even aia'
xpo xep8ta 9 7 a xo cvfi crvmfie’
po vra rrpo revro ,
3 . m iter L. epolo ver av B. d.e A2 . rois orn . A2 . 4 . rafi-ra
av (after yap) o m . O . 5. cm wpflae-re A t m xwpflo
’
m"cv0166"
76. 61m m . A t . a. 6. rpbs us A t .
5 2 9 4 . r. éfl ripw er st-n un 2 9. 2 . Karat/lewapérov V6. 4 . m l
(fo r xal7 04)Q . f arm : 2 , L , Y , A I ra'
vras rat): vulg. 5 . Raf a/1600004 Al.
6. dvehévres V6. 9. efiporr Gr 2 , Y , F (7 p), A I ; eOpoa. 1 1: av L, B, vulg . at;E, Y , A t . a ; mix! L, vulg . roi
‘
rGaolQ .
5 2 9 5 . 4 . {vexev L. alaxpoxepGlas 2 , L ; - e£as vulg .
5. w olS’
on , as usual, parenthetic ing answer to the charge o f Aeschines .
otb’
67 ; can b e thus used even with a
participle , as in 1x. 1 , xxx. 9.
[filo -urn ital Sdflakhw (with dv)conative .
In 2 9 4—2 90 Dem o sthenes gives
a“ b lack list o f the traito rs who have
helpedPhilip o rAlexander in sub jugatingGreek states, and declares that Aeschinesis the representative o f this pes tilent class
in Athens . Saving his own country fro mthe disgrace o f jo ining o r abetting this
fo ulplo tagainstlib erty is the great servicefo r which he claim s the nam e o f patrio t.
g 2 9 4 . a. lim o dithtm rwpov : the
pronoun is em phatic, m e, of allm en . The
wo rdPhilippic in alllanguages is a stand
cf. xnv . 84 .
8. m ean : cf.
9. efipovr'
(evpovre)i v, you wouldfind,
appealing suddenly to the court o r the
audience : we m ust understand 6M : with
dveltév-ras The o ther reading, clip “
1 1: db , wo uld involve a change from the
pluraldveltévras (sc. u nis) to the m ore
explicit singularwith
2 9 5 . I . 87’
riv M ew'
i, i. e . in the
state describ ed in II . I4—z I .
—1'd Q .
wpdypa‘ra, i. e . his condition .
a. wpoh ydvrwv rd. M m , as in
the Olynthiacs and the First Philippic.
208 AHMOZOENOYZ
Bovhevpafrwv e’
v rats airréiv warpL'
ce diva-
ep o6rme A 8 I Q I
rrap vpLLv, av0pa m OL )LLap0L KaL xohaxes xa L ahaa'
ropes,
5 fixpwm pLaape'
vOL ra g eavréiv eKaO'
rOL warpiSa g, m v e’
hev
Oepiav wpo rrerrm xores 7rpo repov nev Q Lhim rcp vvv 8’ ’
Ahe£d pw, m yaa
'
rpi. perpo vwes Kai. rots a in'
xiarow rhvev8a LpLo vLav,
“
Tip 8’
e’
hevflepfav Kai. ro a e'
v’
3xeLv Seawornv
airréiv, a row rrporepow Ehhmn v opo L rm v ayaflco v fia avm xa L xavo ves, avarerpod>6res.
3 . rals abrfiv V6: ra'
is at'
rrcfiv E, L, vulg . 9.
dvarerp0¢6rer vulg . ;rpérepov A I . to .
and - rp0 L .
a. reiiv m’
n iiv flouhwpéro v, (m en) ofthe sam e pu rposes : this genitive o f qualityis as rare in Greek as it is com m o n in
Latin . See Aesch . I I I . 168, Oewpfio ar’
a i'
rr6v, p i) 61rorépo u ro i) hbyo v dhh’
61 0
répo v ro t? fliov éo rlv , and Thuc . I I I .
div-Min re d66varov xalr ohhfis eimvetas.
Kruger (Spr. 4 7, 6, I0) and “fest. call
these po ssessive genitives ; and Weil
quo tes Ix. 56, m es per
66 1 06fieltrlorov, which, however, is no t
the sam e thing .
4 . Mao -ropes, accursed wretches (ap
plied to Philip in X IX . pro perlyvictim s o f divine vengeance , as in Soph.
Aj. 374 , peOfixa robs dhdaropas, the
prim ary m eaning (pro bably) b eing a
divine avenger, as in Aeschyl. Pers . 354 ,
¢avels dhdo rwp i) xax6s 6am” .
fixpm m m c pévm , who have ou t
raged (lit. m u tilated): see Harpocr. , i n !
rail hehvuao pévov ol 76p hvpm vbpevol
ram : eitha t r ep b r reLv (Lin-
(Sr 1 6. inpa .
In Aeschyl. Cho . 439 and Soph . El. 44 5there is the sam e idea in luauxaklo on,
pwxaMg'w b eing to m utilate a dead b ody
by cutting o f? the extrem ities (rd c'
ixpa)and putting them under the armpits
(paoxdkac) see Kittredge on Armpittingam ong the Greeks , Am . Jo urn . o f Philol.V I . pp. 1 51
— 169. Perhaps such strongm etaphors as this suggested to Aeschinesthe ab surd expressions which he pretends
to quo te from Dem o sthenes in I I I . 166,
dat ehovpyofiolraves rhy r bh» , b are-
m ?)
at'
zrdiv L, vulg . ; 0.0e 2 .
dvarerpa¢6res 2 , Bk . ; b o th - rpa
xaal e es'
rd xhfipara ra rat? 6:
17am) ,and o thers. See Dem . I I I . 3 1 , basiséxvevev péva xal r ep pnpévoL xpfiaara
— ‘nlvOswoeplavrrporrer m x6res fo r
the successive steps b y which rporlm
com es to m ean recklessly sacnfice, see
Lidd. and Sco tt: cf. I I I . 22 . An inter
m ediate m eaning, present a cup (o r o ther
gift) after drinking one’
s health, is seen
in X IX . I 39, rlvwv xal¢Lhav0pw e06uevos
rp6s air-rot): 6t urr or dM a re M; t o ,
olov alxudhwra m l1 6. rotafira, xalrehea
riiw en ra’
mar’dp
‘
yvpaxalxpvo ii r po fln vev
ai’
rro‘
is, i. e. in drinking their health, he
gave them these vario us gifts . See also
Pind. O ] . V I I . 1—6, ¢Ld>tav dis el'
1 1:
d¢veLiis xeLp6s ého‘
ov £v60v Lipuréhou
xaxhdf‘
owav 6p60¢p 6wpfia e r a t reavia
yapfipq? r po r lvwv dxoOev olxa6e .
and the Schol. o n v . 5, rpor tvew em
xvplws r6duct 7 9? xpdpan r6dweiov xapf
xalAnp oaoévfl s robs t po6L66was
1 63 rarpl6as rots éxOpo'
L‘
s rporlvew em .
7 . rfiym plperpofiwes : see no te on
§48°(o n Tm éhas). See Cic. Nat. Deo r.
I . 40 quod dub itet o m nia quae ad
b eatam vitam pertineant ventre m etiri.
9. Spo t ital namin g, bounds and
rules, i. e . they applied these as tests to
whatever was presented to them as a
pub licgo od—flaw plural,agreeing with
6pm and xavéves.
I o . dwm podbéfl s, having overturned
(i.e . reversed) these tests.
Lo nginus on the Sub lim e , 32 , refers to
HEP! TOY ZTEQANOY
Tam-
279 ro ivvv rfis 017e aia'
xpiiq KaiwepLBorfrov a va rd 29 7I A Q 0 9 A I
c ease xaL xaxLaq, pahho v w av8pes A077va L0L, npoSo a Laq,9 A A A Aa 8a m ; )vqpeLv , m s ra v
e
Eltk rjvm v e’
hevflepfa s, if re 1115t
rrapa fracn v dv0pa$1ro us dvaLrLos ye’
yovev e’
x 76v e’
pé v 17t
revpafrwv Kai e’
yd) n ap’
6p?» eira'
. p.
’
épwra'
s dvrl 1ro £ag 5a A A A A
ape‘
m s d w rLjLaO'Oa L ; e
’
yds Se'
0'
0L he'
ym e , rm v wt revo
I A Q
EM 8 0I C I I
p evwv fl apa row 7701 . LagS apevrwv an avrwv, apfapevwv0013, 1rpo
'
repo v pniv 1511-6Q t rrrro v viiv 8’
im"
V V I I v 3 Aeye ovre xa Lpo s ow e qSLhavopwm a hoywv o vr erra
'
y'
yet v 298
)Le'
yeeo s 061"
e’
hrris ofire ¢6BOG 061"
a'
hh’
06831) ém'
jpev 0683
rrponyaiyero div éxv a Sm a fm v Kai. o '
vd epdvrm v 177 n arpiSL’
8\
8A ’
8’ 9 I I
o v ev npc cuvaL, ov 00'
a cri BeBo vhevKa rrwrrore ro vrow'
L,
6p0L'
wg 15v (Bo -
n ep av rpvrafvnpe'
rrm v £7 3 76 kijapa cr v e s
5 2 9 7 . 2 . L3 om . Ar. 3 . 693 (fo r 6c?) 0. 4 . r ap’ bie V6.
6. 66E, L ; 615vulg .
2 9 8 . 2 . 06 " M30: oflre xdpcr L, vulg . ; 06re xdpLs om . 2 1 (added ab o ve), 0.
4 . rot’
rrots A I rovrocalv A2 , B. 5 . u'
iar ep hr rpvrdvy F, Y ; diar ep 69 rpvravm.
(later eliv o ver av rp, 6in év now erased) 2 ; die t ep in elév rpvrdv-
y L, B, O‘, vulg . ;
u'
iar ep év rpurdvnA I . 2 .
this passage (4 m las a proper exceptio n
to the rule (o f which Dem o sthenes was a
6pm ) allowing o nly two o r at m ost three
m etapho rs o n o ne po int (érlrailroii). He
says : 6riis xpefar63 xaLp6r, 0700. ra1 601)
xemdppou 6lm jv lkafive‘
m t, xalrip 1 0h :
THE EPILOGUE, 297—323 . Here
we have the fo ur characteristics o f the
t hoyo s, as Aristo tle gives them (Rhet.I I I . I9, I ): argum ents which willdispo se
the hearers favo urably to the speaker andunfavourably to his oppo nent, am plifica
tio n and depreciatio n excitem ent o f em o
tions, and recapitulatio n . He b egins byclaim ing fo r him self the credit o f keepingAthens free from the no to riou s conspiracyagainst Grecian lib erty which he has
just m entioned ; andhe charges Aeschineswith failing in all the characteristics o f
a patriotic citiz en which his own co urse
exem plifies (55 297 He recapitu
lates som e of his chief services in pro
viding Athenswith m eans o f defence , and
asks what sim ilar claim s Aeschines has toG . D .
r h'ojOeLar aim iiv Lbs dva‘
yxalav lvraiifla
o vve¢éhxeraa Then . after a quo tatio no f this passage , he adds, irraGOa re?
e eL 1'w rpm
-
um?! 6Kari). rLSv t p060r¢fnv
it al-poo h ? roiifnjropos du b s.
the pub lic gratitude 3o r—3 I 3). He
o b jects to be ing com paredWith the great
m en o f fo rm er tim es, though he declares
that he can b ear such a com pariso n far
b etter than his o ppo nent 3 I 4—32 3)
2 9 7 . I . weptflorirw ,notorious .
3 . (I. 86 pi; hqpetv, i. e . to callthings
by their right nam es , referring to 1 70060
alas.
4 . drapd wad-w 630961103 , i. e . in the
m inds of allm en b ut rapt). ro‘
L‘
s'
E)\hwt
am ong the Creehs ; in 2741 b o th
ideas are com b ined.
5 . Jpn-fie ; see Aesch . 236.
7 . dwdw o v : exaggeration ; b ut see
5 304 . 61rd000, you rselffirstandforem ost.
2 9 9 . 4 .
I 4
AHMOZGENOYZ
Bofihevxa , M’
drr'
6730139 Kai Sm aias Ka i. dBLadfldpov m s
Illvxfis“
Ka i. p eyia'rwv 61) rrpaypdrwv 76v Kar
’
épavrbv
dvflpairrwv Irpo orrds m ivra rafifl
’
iryLéig Kai. Suraiws tren chi
299 revpaL. SLd. raiir'
e aa'OaL. 76v 66reLxLa'
pbv rofiro v,
6v 015you 6Le'
a'
vpes, Ka i. rbv radpeiav d a pév xdpvro s Ka i.
e’
n aivo v xpivw, 17639 ydp 06 ndppw )Le'
vrm n ov 76v e’
pam'
éiv en ohwevpe
'
vwv riOepaL. 06M006 e’
reixLa'
a rijv 770,
t 0686
5 n hivflo u; 066’
éfl i rod‘
ro u; )Léyw'
ro v 76v épavro i}dpo vé‘
r
7 . rdvra pm Iré'rpaxraL (afterWOO”) L’ (m g . vulg . o m . E, D , At pot o m . Q .
row (b efo re xar’
) om . 2 1 (added ab ove, now nearly erased). 8. 1rp00'
r with as
added 2 . rafid’o m . A I . 6uraim m l61 s A I . 2 .
5 2 9 9 . 2 . ra¢plav A I ;
BMW!” (1) V6. 3 . r ov om . A I . 4 . 06M00“
2 , L1,F , Q, A I ; 00 ydp M0. B, .vulg
flepofih m ta nor have 1 given myadvice , like you , inclin ing towards gain
like a balance, i. e . as a balance wo uld
incline if a weight were put into one o f
the scales : diorep dv (se . per m ). This isillustrated by a striking passage in v . I 2
rpo'
ixa r6. rpd‘
ypara xplvw xalhwlfomu ,
Ital0666? Minu'
6: otis Exot 1rp6s at: 676;
r et ou revmu x01 l.e‘yu 6ei¥aL rpoo‘
nprrmé
rov . 6p06v c6v, 6 fl dv r or’
dr’0.t
brdpxp rt?» Irpa‘
ypdrwv, r6 o up¢ép0v ¢cl~
reralnot. 67 ” 6’
£1 2 Odrepa dar ep els
rpvrdm v dp'
ytiptov rpoo'
evé‘yKm , olxeraL
pov Itala elhxvxe r6v haywphv icp’
at'
rr6,
Ital 06x 6: Er’
6p0i6s 066’
I'
ryLGs 6 roiiro
r oL'haas trepl0660 63 hayio
‘
arro . (See no teso fWesterm ann and Dindo rf on this pas
sage . ) See also Lucian, Am o r. 4 , 676:
‘dv 76.p 6“xx-
in cl: éxaréptp xafldr ep dxpL
fiip rpm-Lin ) rats in" du¢6repa r hdarL-yfw
laoppé'
rws rahavredomu .
7 . ”(yin-v ow " fivOpé lm v, lit. the
weightlest concerns”
Qf (all) the m en of my
tim e (partitive).2 9 9 . I . fl w -
ptiv, the repairingo f the walls o f Athens in 337— 336B. C. ,
fo r which Dem o sthenes was recxor oLbs.
Fo r the decree pro viding fo r the appo int
m ent o f reo Irocolbythe trib es in 337 D.C.
and its exact date , see Aesch . I II . 2 7 .
Dem o sthenes was then appo inted 1 1940
b y his tribe , the Ilav6wvlr, and
received from the treasury (acco rding to
Aesch . 3 I ) nearly ten talents fo r the ex
penses (see I I 3”and no te).
2 . 6v In ? yo u Si c-opts : cf. rofir6 p ov
6Lafia'
7tket 283 .
3 . 1r6ppo , i.e . far below.
4 . 06M0013 h efxura rIiv f éh v : a
fam o us passage , o ften quo ted by the
rheto ricians. See the b eginning o f the
inrweo u o f Libanius. Plutarch (Lycurg .
I9 ; Lac. Apo phth ., Lye . 28) quo tes a
saying o f Lycurgus the law-
giver, mix Liv
eh) drelxwros 1 6t (in : Liv6p60'
L Ital 06
Ie Om rlore¢d raa Lo rd Bro ugham is
eloquent o n this passage (see p.
Whisto n refers to Sir Wm jo nes’
s ode ,
What co nstitutes a State ? However
fam iliar the idea m ay have b een , the pas
sage is a m o st efl'
ective answer to the
taunts o f Aeschines (236) ab o ut the wallsand ditches .
5 . whivOo Ls : no t tiled- ro o fs (as
Lord Bro ugham strangely translates), b utsun -dried bn
’
chs , o f which no sm allpart
o f the walls o f Athens and o f the Lo ngWalls to the Piraeus were b uilt. The
b rick wallwas built on a solid fo undatio n
o f sto ne, the height and thickness o f
which differed acco rding to the im po rt
ance o f the po sitio n . D‘
o rpfeld(in SchuchlIardt, Schliem ann
’
s Excavatio ns, p. 34 2 ,
Eng] . in describ ing the walls o f the
Second City o n the hillo f Tro y, saysSuch walls o f defence, b uilt o f b rick
AHMOi GENOYi
A C R
6vv¢ipLeLs m n ix”. rives aL ro brwv dn o6ei§eLs ; e’
vapyeLs
Kai. davepai. a xon eire 6e'
.
Ti xpfiv 76v ev'
vovv n ohim v rrm e'
iv, ri 76v perd rra'
xrqs
rrpo vo ias Ka i. rrpo flvpias Kai. 6a Lo o 15m 79 I'
m-6p rijs warpi6o s
~
I 3 D I .v
v t revOp evo v owe ex nev Oaharrqs m v EvBOLav rrpoBavp6 rfis
’
Are'
js, in 66769 p ea'
o '
yeia s 76v Bo unriav,s e
’
x 66réiv 1rp69 Heho rrdvv'
qa'
o v rdrrwv robs 6p6po vs f air”06 76v o worromriav, 6
'
a rrapd. naa'
av rpLhiav dxpL ro v
302 IleLpas Kop Lo flrja'
eraL, rrpo i6e'
a'0a L Kai rd )Lév aaa aL ram
in apxdvrwv e’
m rémro vra ,80270eia9 Kai. ).e'
yo vra Kai ypddo vrarm airra , r
'ijv Hpo xdvvna'
o v, rijv X eppdvna'
ov, 76v'
Te'
ve6o v,
V A I C I A I
6 orrws o uceLa xa L a'
vppax wrapfeL rrpafaL, ro BvCavV V A A a A
5 N W , m v ABv6o v , m v EvBOLa v ; xaL ra v pev row ex0p0Lg
801 . I . xpi; A I . 2 . 2 . ¢Lh0rmiar (fo r r pob . ) Q (7 p). 5 . rp6: added
in m g . 2 . 6. e rror-
out lawZ , L, vulg . (see 7 . IIeLpas E’ (b y co rr. fr.
Hecpém ) ; fl ecpru éws L. r epu6e00¢u Y .
5 902 . 3 . IIpoxbvm ov 2 , vulg . ; IIpob vvwov L ; IIpob m aov A2 , B.
4 . bu dpEeL E, L, A I , Q ; brdpEnvulg . 5. iflv60v 2 later).
firm s rois eir‘
AM LLIaav auhlteyeiac IIpb
feros 6 rp06br'
qs h et ero , iryeudw 66 rip
M arya:Karim Oea‘
yévm , dwbpwr osdru
x'hr x01 6wp066x0s diar ep cirros (Dem o
sthenes). Plutarch (Mor. 2 59 D)describ es
Theagenes as having the sam e public
spirit as Epam inondas and Pelopidas .
See no tes o n 55 264 and 3037
.
In 901—9 1 9 the o rato r recapitu
lates his own chief services ,with which he
co m pares the pu blic career o fAeschines .
901 . I . ri xpfiv what was
his duty l—c o u tv, o f a course o f action ,
to b e explained by severalao rists, each o f
a specialact. In the following series o f
questions, all introduced by xpfiv , the
o rato r states the vario us pro b lem s which
faced the Athenian statesm an o f thatdayand the o b vio us solutio ns o f them .
3 . but W m : cf. —1rpoflaM 5 : cf. Irpovfiahbjunv , 300
2. With
this figure o f throwing up Eub o ea as a 5.
”
AM V see H ist. 63 .— E6
wallof defence to Attica, com pare that in flom v : Weil pro po ses a vufiplav, as
7 I’(see no te). See Aesch . II I . 84 , val, Eub o ea has b een just m entio ned ; b ut
andxahxoi‘
: x02 ribauavrtvo u retxem v, «in Eub oea, with its long coasts, was alwaysa I
’
rrbs W t. rip xuipav 1)v irelxwe, rfj essentialto the safety o f the co rn trade .
1169 Ebfioéwv ItalOrpfiaiwv cuppaxig , per
haps added later, as a sarcastic allusion
to this passage .
5. N 62 6M rain -
u, ou r neighbours on this side, as Megan . and Co rinth(cf 5 1 37)6. 1 096rim “ M aw(sc. yip ) : i.e .
that the corn -trade shouldpass along an
entirely friendly coast (cf. 5 8 Fo r
the sub ject o f 3O I , 302 , see 55 7 I . 7982 , 87
— 89 , 240, 24 I , and 58, 63 ,64 . 67, 68.
5 902 . I . The m easures m entioned
in 76 phv 030m and rd 8’
1 716504. (4)were designed to secure a friendly coastfor the co rn - trade (5 —riiv I
'
u -up
xbvro v b elo ngs strictly o nly to 76. a ».
po tentially also to r6. 66, i. e . places whichwe dependedon securing (cf. baron
ti‘rdpfet).
TlEPl TOY ITEQANOY
im apxova'éiv 6vv¢ipewv rd; p eyim
'
ag cidehe'
iv , cfiv 6’
e’
ve’
hee e
f f) u dheL, rai'
rra u po a'fie
'
iva L ; raiira ro ivvv cirravra 1re'
1rpaxraLA 9 A I A g A I d1
'
OL9 ep o u; Wcfiw'
paa i Kat. row ep s vt revpaa'
Lv, a firm 303
Befiovhevpe'
va , (6 dv6pes’
A01)va20L, e’
d.v d'
vev rpfldvo v rLs'
Bo v’
h'
qraL a'
xorreiv, 6p0i69 e6p1ja'
eL Kai. v errpaype'
va m ic-
1)6a L0015v7), Kai 76v e
'
xafo rro v xa Lp6v 06 v ape0e
'
vra 066’
I I C A Q Cayvonflevra o v6e 1rpo e0evra v1r epo v , Km 00
'
a s evos 5av6p69 6vvav xaL hoyLa
'
pbv fixev, o v6ev e’
hheLdfle'
v . ei
6e 1) 6aip o vo s e o s 17 11 1x179 1) m parn-
yéiv (pavhdm s
1) rwv 1rpo6L6o vrwv ras rroheLs v v xaxia 1) m iura ravr
e’
hvpa ivero TO IS 6h0Ls em s dverpedsev, ri Anp o a'flévr); d6LxeL
ei 6’
oio s 676: 1rap’
xard ri)v e’
pavroi) rafv , eis e’
v 304
em iam rwv EM '
qvi6wv frohewv am p e’
yevero , pahhov 6’
ei
ev av6pa )Lo vo v Gerrahia xa L ev au6p Apxa6ia rairra
6. évéka r e 2 , L, A I , Y ; e’
véh we vulg . 7 . rolvvv'
up‘
L‘
v L , vulg . I'
mi‘
v om . 2 , A I .
5 909 . 3 . fiob h rrai rLs A I . 4 , 5 . 006’
67 7 011061 0 ou6é 1rp0600£vra vulg . , om .
L', add. m g . 5 . wpo edérra (for 1rp0600.) Z , Y , A I t apeflérra F . év6s riv6p6sE, L, Y , V6; 6v6p62 év6s vulg . 6. abvem v (fo r 6vvapw) A2 . éltlteupOévL:vulg . , (late H o ver a ) 2 . 7 . w as after rvxns A2 . ru
'
iv orparq
7 6v Q . (b efo re rdvra) om . A I 1) xal2 (7 p), Q (1 p). rdvraraIrra 2 .3
L , vulg . raura Irdvra A I . area (after raura) 2 (7 p), vulg . ; om . Z , L, V6.
9. éhvpab ero 2 , L, Y , O ékvmivaro vulg . avérpeilee vulg. ; a’
y érpeipavE, L, Y , Q ; dvérpe tpe (a o ver finale) B , avéarpe¢e V6.
5 904 . I . el6'
0102 L ; el00 2 ‘ (co m to el6'
otos) ; el6’
olos qr vulg . ; fl" om .
2 , L, Y , A I . 2 . a'
vhp om . A2 . 3 . dv6pa ,ubrov 2 , L, vulg . ; pbvov dvb . A2 .
6. 162 M m especially Theb es in339 D.C.
—JV“M 1" f fi what the
city lacked : ékketrre: is som etim es im
perso nal, like evbei‘
, as here '
so Plat.Leg . 844 II, e! n o
“: rbrrocs e
’hhelr ec 1137
a'
va'
yxalw Irwmirwv, and 740 C.
5 909 . 2 . p&o a 69052 06mia'eL(or . obl. ) refers chiefly to r oALrebILaI
-
a .
n itatem cu iusque rei non f or negligentiam
praeterm issam nec ig noratam nec prodi
tam (Dissen). rapeOGI ra im plies careless
ness (cf. VI II . npoebévra. vn'
lfulness
(cf. VI I I .5 . 60" im plies roo ob rwv, depending
on 066év .
7 . Sulpovo s ii 7 6x1 3 : cf. r6v 6afu0ra
xaln‘
wrvxqv, Aesch . I II . I I5, I 57 . The
strength (loxbs) o f the superhum an powers
is oppo sedto the weakness and incapacity(¢ae m ) o r the treachery o f m en . One
o f the Athenian generals at Chaero nea,Lysicles, was accused o f treachery b y Lycu rgus and co ndem ned to death (Diod.
XV I. see no te on 2641and
9. vote Show: see no te o n 5 2 787 .
M 'rpdnv, overset, the fam iliar figure o f
the ship o f state : the b etter 3153 . have
dvérpetpav, which West. de fends on the
ground that ol 1 p06L86v-res is the logical
sub ject; b ut this sho uld affect A vpatvero
also —“m t, no t is doing wrong , b ut is
to blam e fo r a pastwro ng (M . T .
5 904 . 3 . S and b q t aSia : see
55 63, 64 . Philip’s party in the one
o pened Northern Greece to him , and in
the o ther neutralized the Peloponnesus(Sim co x).
AHMOi OENOYZ
¢po vovvr eaxev GpLOL, o useLs ov‘
re 76v 650) t m v :EM'
q'
vwv
308 ov‘
re rwv euro» 7 018 1rapo v0'
L xaxm s e’
xexpm:av, dhha
m in -
es av avres e’
hefiflepm xaL a I’
rr6vopL0L )Lera r am s abeias
do c/whale Ev ebSaLpLovia e'
avréiv qixovv rra'
rpiSas, rofirwv
ro a'
oérwv Kai rowfirwv dyafléiv 15v real. roLs a'
hko u;’
A01)5 vaiOLs Exo vres xap v SL
'
e’
pLe'
. iva 8’
6I '
L Irohhq? rotsX67 0L9 e
’
hafrro a'
Lxpe a L 76v gp'
ywv, ebhafio bp evo s 76v ¢06vov ,
)téye )LOLTam i Kai. dvd'
v flL hafidrv 76v dpLflpbv 7 5WBo qfleufivxa
‘rd. 76. W¢iapara .
AP IGMOX BOHOEIQ N .
A A fTavra xaLTOLavra IrparreLv, ALa
'
v I) , ro v k ahov Kayafio v
Irohim v 862, v Karopfio vpe'
vwv )Lév )Le'
yio'
mLs dvap¢L03817
4 . (oxev 2 , L, A I ; laxov vulg .
iv vulg . ; bxéq vr’a» 2 , L, Co b . , Vom .
5 909 . 3 . rob-ro v 2,L" ru v vulg .
obbéver (fo rabb els)Gob et, Vom . 5. éxéxpm"
7 . kafié (for Xéye) A I .
2 and L end the text with dvd‘
v OL hafia'
iv followed (in 2 ) b y APIOMOEBoneEinN KATA TA EMA WHQ fZMATA (in two lines).no te . )
909 . I . rafi'ra xalrb. rotat‘
z'
ra vul
rocafi-
ra L. 2 . <3 7 5) Ital0502 (after ,atv) L’vulg . ; év om . 2 , L, B, A I . 2 .
4 . m a lady )? lv : Go b et reads
by co njecture obbéver (as E has éxém vr’
a’
v), referring to v . 5 and x1x. 66. See
5 2 Irpbr o bbév'
, where Go b et and
Dindo rf read obbévas with severalM SS.
5909 . 2 . CV is repeated with qixovv ,co ntrary to generalusage , b ecause o f the
change o f tim e from would have falleninto (éxéxpm
’
dv) to would n ow be dwell
ing in . This m ention o f Thessaly and
Arcadia has specialreference to the final
struggle with Philip (BL).7 . My: ItaldvdyM L: cf. xrx. 70,
and no te o n 5 28‘fi—fioqk u
‘
iv : fo rces
sent o ut fo r specialpurpo ses, like tho se
m entio ned in 5 see Iv . 32 . m)601)Oelatr t okeuei
'
v (bo reptofip ev yap drdv'
m v)m a r apao
'
xwfi auvexe? xal bvvdpa , and
cf. Iv . 4 I . The fam o us expedition which
checkedPhilipatTherm opylae in 352 B.C.
(Iv . I 7) is called a Bowen: in x1x. 84 .
Often M 06“! m eans a m ere raid.
(See m el's
g . ; 1 6. om . 2 , O , F , Q, V6; avra xal 1 6.
v ulg . ; om . 2 , L', Y . év
peylo rotr
5 909 . I . sum s
up the reply to the questio n rt
IroLe‘
L‘
v ; in s 30I‘, b ut with a change in
tense . He askedwhatwas the duty etc. ,
with specialreference to the case in hand;
and he replies in generalterm s this a“
: the
du ty . r oLe'
L‘
v and wpdrretv have here the
sam e sense , as have xp1) (in xpfiv) and bet.
Spengeland West. changed be? here to
(bet to com plete the co rrespo ndence with
30 I‘. But if we read (bet here , we
m ust supply be? with the infinitives in
5 307 ; see ar m -Ruf fian(92 . KG‘I
’
OPW W = el xarwpflovro , ifthey had bee nm eem fi l(as theywere no t),to which the apodosis is w fipxev etvat, rt
belonged to w to be, i. c. we shouldproperlyhave been : brfipxev m ay b e used with
the infinitive like 8ba and M awm ss (se . 16Sarah-sM m
i. e . indisputably , and (I m ight add)lastly, greatest : butch-n stands as a m ere
AHMOi OENOYZ
5 1rt 1'
6ias (n ohhafm s 86Bone?)dvha'
m ra 1n )vix’
)L60~ro i
rov o uves héyovro s 1) 1rapa m s rvxns 1'
L O'
vpfie'
finxev6vav1
'iwpa 1) aM o 1'
L Sva'
noho v yéyo v6 (n oM a 86ravflpa'
s
1m a) 6l1 ' 611-L rovrtp rcp nawp~
p1)-
r<0p 6§a i¢vqs 6x-
vxia s 060 176p 1rv6i3p.
’
666m ), Kai. 1r6¢wvaa x17m69 xaL O'
vveL
Io Xoxchs p1jpa1'
a Ital X6'yovs a'
vv6ip6L ro6rovs am pere Ital
6v1)0'
Lv p6v 0686p ia v Ipépo vras 068’
dyaflo i) Irm a Lv
0686v6s, o'
vptpopdv 86 rvx6v1'
L ribv nt rIBv Ka i. KOLvi)v
309 a io '
x6v1)v . na i1'
0L ram m s )Lehém s seal 61rL)L6)t6ias.
Aio -
xivr), 6f1r6p 6K tlrvxfis 8Lnaias 6yiyv6ro seal. 16 769 1ra1'
pi
So s owupépo v'ra n poppnp e
'
v'
qs , ro v9 nap1ro6s 6S6L y6vvaio vs
Kai. nahoiss Kai. naa'
Lv dstpd ip o vs 6LvaL, O'
i pLaxias 1r6h6wv,
5 116v xpnpdrwv, 6’
)L1ropio v xaraa'
neviw, v6pwv a vp¢6p6vrwv
5 . ¢vkdrre¢v V6. wnl’ Z, L ; bravura (o r x
’
) Vulg .
’ 6t 1)vfx'
6p6'
is A I . 2 .
4
7
'0
'
60'0at (6 o ver at, now erased) 2 ; {are L , vulg . 6. 1) om . 2 (add.
7 . yap (fo r 66)V6. 9. a'
veo
tpdn ) A I . avva kos vulg . o vva hes 2 , B‘, Q, Bk. ;
avvethqxdn Y , B’, F (7p), O’ : in X X I . 23 , avvefhoxa 2 . Io . o vvelpeLB
', Pho t.
UM pfl E, B’; o vvfitpet Y . I I . ar vevorel2 .
g 909 . 2 . Maxim afterneM'
ms (I ) A I , o m . V6. 3 , 4 . KGXOl)! m l7 0
valourQ, A I . 5. Irapaaxevhv A2 .
5. M 61 ? “m vin'
100006 pan-
oi, he
watches (to see) when you willbe sated,
an indirect questio n where we m ight ex
pect a tem po ral clause : b xm lxa is the
com m o n reading .
6. 7 06 N ixi e “70m , with you r
regular speaker, i. e . the o ne who is con
tinually advis ing yo u : see Plut. CiIn . 5,
6 div Gewo roxkéovs.
7. f dvflpém va : se . évav-
rua'
m ara .
8. 6151 09, as an orator, predicate to
(gnom ic).
9. 8m fl cflp’
, with
" h on e-Knack : cf. § —Irvvahoxtis.
the only proper perf. act. o f o vM é-yw,
tho ugh here 2 has owedsextbs. E has
awelhoxa in XX I . 23. Cf. avmpopfiaar,
5 1 5‘
Io . “para : cf. 5 2
reels of (strings together).I I dawn -rel, allin one breath (with
I 2 . 16wxcim , cuivis, to any onewho
happens to hear them : see no te o n 5 I
—Irowl)v,public, opposed to 113 rvxbvrt.
I 3 . ale -
x6q : Bl. refers this to the
speech describ ed in 35 .
900. I . gnu-
ms,waste s,prac
tice, study , referring to
2 . . Irponpnp‘vns , one which had
m ade the interests of the father-land its
choice (rpoalpcatv), co nnected by rat to
bacalar.
3 . 1801. elm , ought to have been , im
plying that in the case o f Aeschines theywere no t sc .
—7m m : o ften used
literally o f fru its, as in Plat. Leg . 844 z ,
rip: yevvaiav viiv heyopém v ava¢vk1jv 16.
yevva'
ia 06m ir ovopafbueva (Bl. ) see
also Plat. Rep. 372 B, ILa'
fas yevvafas Ital
dprovs.
5 . lpr opiov aam ncvrjv : i. e . securingnew co m m ercial rights fo r Athens in
so m e fo reign seapo rt : see xx. 33, Kara
axevdaas éuvp ovOevboalav, with Sandys’
s
no te . Weil quo tes Dinarch . I . 96, f l
xareaxebaxev olxobciunua Anuoo flévns iv
inr opfq: rq)’
6p erépgv
i'
lEPlTOY ZTEQANOY
0606Ls, 1'
OLs drrobeLxfle'
io '
Lv 6x0po'
is
ydp (indwwv 1)v 6’
v a'
vw xp6v0L9 6661 00 19, Kai. 66wn6v
61rap6)t0c6v xp6vo s no s 6.7 066if6L9 dv6pi Kata)? ndya’
i,
6v oi9 066ap06 ¢avrja 6L yeyo vdis. 061rp611'
o s, 068e6r6pos,061
'
pi1 09, 06 06 06x6x1'
o s, 06x611007 00 5
ofiv, 06x0vv 61ri y’
ois i) 1ra1'
pis
)Laxia 006 npdfavro s ye’
yo v6 1r6h6L 1'i9 86Bo riOa a i)
m 'fia'
Ls 66v0ia9 865179 ; ri9 86 1rpea'
Beia , ri9 8Lan0via SL’
6 A g A t A
3 29 1)v 1) 1r6XL9 6e po 1'
6'
pa ; 1'i rm v o ixeiwv 1) rwv Ea a v
Ka i. fevm éiv 0i9 67 60-
1 9 9 1rOLa L rpL1jp6Ls ; n ow 5
Be’
h'
q 1m L0L v6c60'
0Ln0L ;“ris 1
'
6w v ; 110L0v L11 1rLK6vA I fl I fl
ri ro wdo dvrwv xprja'
Lpo s 6 ; 1 19 1) row 661rop0L9 17 1'
OLs
5 9 10. 2 .
v-haeL E vulg .
1’
)v Italiv A2 . 66u rev twice in Z . 3 . 1 6 om . O . 4 . ¢a ~
6. 7’
01s 2 , L, A I 61 6i 7 6 Kalvulg . ; 61 61 01: Y , F (7p)
1'
061'wv 3 10
1'is yelp O
'
vp 3 1 1
61 1 01s 7 6 O .
5 9 1 1 . I . om . A2 .
4.
vulg . ; 06 om . 2 , L1. 7 .
5 9 10. I . 1)v (th an-
Ls : 656m m : is again a m ilitary term , as in 5where it m eans a m ustering o r review
o f hirelings etc. inwhich they were calledfo rth to show them selves . Here , witha genitive deno ting public services , it
m eans likewise calling ou t and arrayingsuch services to a m an
’
s credit. (See no teon 52 . “b ana n dwoSeCfiou , i. e . the past
gave m any oppo rtunities fo r showing suchservices, as it were , arraying them fo r
a review.
4 . 611 012, in which class (the t ake! 1 1
xa’
7a00l), as if dvbpdo L had preceded.
06804400: cf. 53 . mix 6m m (cf. not
in any ranh whatsoever. Dissen thinksthis alludes to a Delphic oracle given to
the Megarians, quo ted in the Scholia to
Theoc. X IV . 48, 49, o fwhich the last two
verses are
basis 6’I6Meyape
’
is 061 6 1 pfr0L 067 6 76
ram-
0L
obre bvwbéxaros, 061 " 6v Mm): 061"
6v
For the whole o racle (8 vs . ) see the
6m por6pa 767 0” vulg . ; 767 . o m . 2 , L‘.5 . at: vulg . ; als 0 ; 6s 2 ; i s L ; 641’ 0 A I ; oi: o m . F .
fl ow s (for A I . 2 .
im vtbpo. 6th 06
Scholia in Ahrens’s Bucol. Gr. p . 38 1
see also Menander, frag. I 54 (Kock).6. 06am lud 7
’
012, at allevents, not
in m atters in which etc.
5 9 1 1 . These questions are argu
m ents fo r the judgm ent just pro nouncedupo n Aeschines. After the third questio n, the co njunctio ns are om itted in the
speaker’s vehem ence . With the whole
passage co m pare x1x. 282 .
4 . 1 43V‘
EM qvutiiv, Oppo sed to ré‘
av
cla im , is the so -calledforeign policy o f
Athens , i.e . her policy with o ther Greekstates : see note o n 5 59
3. Here 10»
gem é‘
w is added to include her relatio ns
to o ther than Greek states , b o th b eingoppo sed to ribv olxelwv, her dom estic
A
5. v ote r. rpuim ; se . yeybvao'
c mr bhec.
d7 . . xpvja'
qws at; what in the
world (rawdrd nw ) AREyou goodfor
aid has ever com e from you to either rich
or poor ? This is com m o nly referred to
an equaliz atio n o f the pub lic b urdens, b ywhich b o th rich and po o rwo uld b e b ene
AHMOZOENOYZ
I I I I
arropo rs fl ohtn m j Ka t KOLV‘
Y) xpnparwv ; oq Lia .
9 A3 1 2 (DOC, as raw, 67. ro tirwv, eiivo ui ye Kai. fl poflvp fa
'
I Q 9 I a I s a v s v Qwore ; 001 1s, (0 wawwv aSLKwrare, o u8 00 afl aw es 00
'
o r.
I I A I 3 I I“trem or e¢0€y§aw em ro v Byparo s a s a
'
arnjpcavAsca n. 76 rehevra eo v
’
p'rom xo s Tb o vvetheype
'
vo v sis rijvI I V A V I D
5 em rtp tav, 01186 7 07 ovre waprjltfles o ur errew as ovSév, owr
8. [m pdrwv] Weil, Bl. pa 606(after xpmcdrwv) vulg . , om . 2 , A I (add.
ob bm la r rpl006V6.
9 1 2 . I . 6raw2 . I mbév rdrraw A I . ch ord. fl s xal0. 1 pO0vfida'
67 00 1 07 6Z , L (761 00wore m g . 2 . br dr aw er (bf co rr. to 61 '
s) 2 . 3 . ét ebib .
els om ptav A I . 4 . cl: rip bra-
mics rip-76p m A I W m” ctr ri p b ra -
ml” L3 ,vulg . ; dp7 6ptov om . E, L. 5 .
fitted. But Dem o sth . has always pridedhim self on transferring such b urdens
fro m the po o r to the rich (see IO2 ,
It m ust b e that to either rich o r po o r
m eans to anybody at all. m k s-
uni italnon-Ii is a rheto ricalam plification , likethe cases in the no te to 5 see xxv .
2 2, (paras 7dp ban r ohtfl xbt xal xowbs
rd’
bo a,resi n
-
aw 76v rbm w, (Know s
imfiv r otei.
Dinarchus seem s to have learnt a
lesso n fro m this passage , when in his
speech against Dem o sthenes (96) he says,1 02m . 7 b.p rpujpets rialxareo xwao
'
p e‘vcu bib.
rovrov, o'
iar ep érlEbfiobhov, rii iiwo
’
iot n waouroc f abron wokirevopévov 7 e7 b
vao'
t ; irbre 051 03 if bid M idyear“ 13vbp ov bravaipOwo
'
e rb l'n rurbv xst In
the decree in Plut. Mo r. , p. 852 c, it is
said o f the financier Lycurgus, xecporom b els b
’
ésrl rijs 7 06 t oképov rapa
dxevijs, JI M . pi t! wollte}. ItalBaht?»pvprdbar
r ifl e dvfive-yxev at: rip? dp r oltw, re'
rpa
xoo'ta: rpujpecs rkwluoos rareo xebao'e,
new ém o xeudoas, b’65 dpxr
‘
is rav
m wo'éuevos rpbs bé ro b -
ro w Malen a
r apaltafidw 7 063 re rew olxous xal rho
o‘
xevoo'
ijm v m l 76Oiarpov Tb Atovwm xbv
(Ecuadoran m l e'rerékeo e, 76 re o rdb tov
1 6Haraflqm’
ixbv xalTb 7 tmvdo c0v rb card
Abxecov xareo xebaae, caldkktu s t enn is
xaraaxeuai‘
s éxo'
o'
mpo e rho m ihi». Thisenum eratio n shows the standard o f com
pariso n which Dem o sthenes had in m ind,
tho ugh he never pro fessed to co m e up to
obre (after réf’
) o m . F , Q, A2 . 0086(fo r oflr’
) 1b .
it him self in his public im pro vem ents .
5 9 1 2 . I . 4 raw, a fam iliar fo rm o f
address, fo und in three o ther passages o f
Dem o sthenes , I . 26, I II . 29, xxv . 78 in
allintroducing an im aginary reto rt o f anoppo nent.
3 . “N ew: cf. 6: 066’
—cls ” mp6” 11 1 808003 9 , i.a.
m a de contrib u tions (it cbb o'
ecs, I 7 I7)fi r
the sajéty of the state. Such were m ade
after Chaero nea, and again b e fo re the
destruction o f Theb es by Alexander : fo rthe latter see xxxiv. 38. are ,uév m eearbpo s cl: W e : r emiss, it ebcbxauer but»f dltav'
rov dp7 0ptov.
4 . 7601 17 0v (se . dp7 tlprov), i. e .
m o ney contributed to pay som e deb t to
the state which m ade him arm or, and
thus to m ake him again twin in g. Everydefaulting public deb tor was ipso factodrum s. Fro m this allusion to Aristo nicus
(who is pro bab ly the o ne m entioned in
83 , Schaefer (I II . p . 1 36) arguesthat Dem osthenes refers only to the
co ntrib utio ns o f 335 D.C. , since after
Chaero nea the decree o f Hyperides re
sto red allpub lic deb to rs to earn-
cute . The
suggestion o f Blass , that Aristo nicus gave
the m o ney contrib uted fo r his b ra -
m ic to
the state after his drtpta had b een legallyrem o ved, instead o f returning it to the
dono rs , does no t m ake his genero sity so
extrao rdinary as to deserve such pu blic
no tice .
AHMOi OENOYZ
E37 0. raw npdrepo v yeyevnpe'
vwv dyadéiv dvapéiv ne'
uvna'
at. Kai. nahdss fl o rets. o i: pe'
vro r Sfxauiv éa'
rw, dyspes
Aflnvawc, riqv 117069 7 0139 rereheiq dras ebvo cav inrofpxova av
npohafidvra n ap’
7 736; éxeivovs'
e’
ferdCew Kai. n apa
3 1 8 Bafhhew épé rbv viiv {avra pefl'
rfs o inc
76v Irrivrwv 61's. rots pév {60'
s m ic a) bvreorri rts i) whefwv
i) e’
hdrrwv ¢06vo sn robs reevecbras 3’
01583 76v e’
xdpb‘
wo r’
sSeis‘
in ute ri , obra s o bv e’
xdvrwv ro braw rfi (infe ct, upbs roils
5 11706 e’
pavro i) vim éyd: npfv ac xai Oewpwpa t
obre yelp Sina io v o br’
ia ov , Aicrxhrq, d ri'
s O'é Kai.
d'
hhov si'
rwa Bonita. raw rat’
rrd a'
o c wpoypnpe’
vwv Kai.
5 9 1 4 . I . a'
vbpw E, L, Y , V6; du b . vulg . 2 . wdvbpes vulg .
to om . 2 , L, O , B. 3 . rehevrmrbros O . 4 . npokafibvra 2 , 0, A I rpoo hafibrraL
,, vulg . 5 . rbr vw {wrra 2 , L, O , Y ; rbv cvt‘wrra vulg .
§9 1 9 . 2 . (1e V6, Sto b . 3 . robs 63 7 609 . A2 . 4 . ob 0m . 0.
wh en éxbvr . V6. 5. rpb om . A I . wh om I), B ; xptvomu L, vulg .
Oewpwua: 2 , O‘, Y , é , B ; L, vulg . 6. to o» éarlv <b , A2 . L has rm
(b i ab o ve ) fo r spin ab . 7 . byrm a (fo r atru n) A I . 2 . 5obk" 25. rawao'bi 2 ;
00: o m . V6. rpoqpmiévwv 2 .
tim es. But he shrinks from no com pari
so n with his co ntem po raries . In 32 I
—323 he states two po ints, which he
claim s fo r him self, in the character o f the
pirpior n oMrm .
5 9 1 4 . I . rév npbfl pov 7 17Wvo v : in I II . I 8I Aeschines calls on the
co urt directly to co m pare Dem o sthenes
with Them istocles, Miltiades, the hero eso f Phyle , and Aristides ; and he does thisvery effectively .
which it is to be assum edyou feeltowards
in advance, taking advantage of . Bl.
refers to X Ix. 277, rd m m oam rpoAa
fibvra nap’
imé‘
w cl: ré su lfa bbraaba:
xaxovm ei‘
r xaraxpijaflat.Dissen quo tes [Cic. ] in Salust. I I . 5 :
uare m ihi noli antiquo s viros o b iectare .
Neque m e cum iis conferri decet qui
iam deceas erunt om nique odio earent et
invidia, sed cum iis qui m ecum una in
re publica versati sunt. See Hor. 0d. III .
24 , 3 I , Virtutem incolum em odim us,
Sublatam ex o culis quaerim us invidi.
Q 9 1 9 . 2 . rots plv {301 Wm .
cf. Thuc. I I . 4 5, M6003 764) rats
31301 rpds rb drrlr ahov, rb 63 Id) imrobeir
b v rawrlo'rrp ebvola rerlmrrai .—bc n u ,
im plying m o re o r less concealm ent: cf.
5 363. West. quo tes Tac. Orat. IS ; Vell.
II . 92 .
5. Itplvo pa s ; am I to bejudged? Withthe answer, unbam
'
s, we m ust under
stand xplvmuu in the sense, let m e not be
judged (M.T. cf. Plat. Rep. 527 c,
rifldiuer ; with answer rtbépev. If the
delib erative su bjunctive is the interm
gative o f the hortato ry sub junctive , so
that (M u tter ; shallwe go ? is the interro
gative o f (M ayer, let u s go , the com m o n
co nnectio n o f the two (as here) is m o st
natural(M .T. 29x).
6—8 . Here f pbs d and(aim were
pro no uncedwith specialem phasis . Sup
ply tub xpln aflru . With rpomnm b w
cf. 5
i'
lEPl TOY ZTE¢>ANOY
Coir/raw. xdxeivo e xtin ct. 1r6repov Kafkkco v Ka i. dpewo v 3 16
7 5 m ile: rds ri m 1rp6repo v eb epyeo ia s, bn epueyé
deter—o i) 06V cia o: rte b y ijkixas,— rds e’
rri. rbv n apdvra.
Bio u 7 :7 v0pe'
vas sis dxapta riav Kai npormham apbv dyew,
v i e w Tl. p er’
ebvo ias npdrrovm . rfis robraw raping 5
real. (behavdpwn ias pereiva t ; Kai. p37!» 67. seal. ro iir’
dpo. 367. p.
’
3 1 7
elm-
cite, i; pév c’
pm) rrohtreia. Kai. npoa ipea'
ts, i n a'
norm ,
rats 76v r6r’
in a tvo vpte'
vwv dv3pwvA
opio id Ka i. ram -6. fio vho
new) (bawja eran'
q 86 07) rats raw rov9 ro co vrovs Tore
o'
vxocpavro bvrww 3fiho v ydp Ka i. Ka ‘
T e’
xewovc rja afv 5raves, oi. Stam fpo vres robs 6vras rdrc rain; [38] npdrepo v ye
7 evnue'
vovs e’
rrn'
vo vv, Bafa xavo v npdypa xai. rat’
srb n o rofivres
617 0. Myers 063311 6no tés sip : e’
xefvo cs éya'
: 01) 3 1 8
3'
duo to g , Aio'
xim ) 6 3'
dBehcpbs 6 dM o s 36'
rag raw
I
5 9 1 9 . I .
vulg . oflaas o m . I
4 . dxpnarlav Y . 5.
o m . 2 , V .
5 9 1 7 . I .
duewor, Alexia ; V6. 2 . npbrepov E, L, 0, A I , B ; nporéptov
3 .
“0639air (i. e . 06p ie) 2 , Y . 3 . n epl(fo r 31 1) F , Lips .
rm 0m . 2 (7 p). r apd rovrwv 2 (7p), L, vulg .
'
rfpd.
m 2 (after cl)“
om . At . 2 . we: axon-ii L, vulg . ; 6p0ws om E.
3 . 5.7 67)d om . Y . ro om 0. fiovhevoue‘m V6. 4 .
82 (7 p) has 1) bé
o i) o rls raw rise robs dkhous aux. A I . 6. robs p eovs after rim L2 ,vulg . ; be fore ne ar A I (m g ), V6 om . 2 , L
‘, Y , A I . 01 b iao bporres 2 , L (at),
B, vulg. ot beio vpor new A I , ot bdavpov ro bs burn: uh A2 new o m . 2, L , O , F,
V6°
ot btao'bpovres r . bvr. rbre robs rpor. 7 e7 . inject»: (o m . be), Reiske , Weil.
7 . ir awowres A2 . xalrat’
rrbr V6 ; naraura <5 , F(7 p), B1 °
oralrai’
rrb vulg .
5 9 1 9 . 2 . b dbeh¢63 E.
5 9 1 9 . 3 . no m an can reading Giao bpovres with robs bé is to o
tell how great: 06 plv 013V, as usual, is
em phatic and co rrective —Girl rbv nup
6m fliov ytyvoplvas (se . eb epryealas),shown to the present generation .
4 . do dxapwfl av dyew: cf. 5 ” 27.
5 . u pfis ital.duhavOpu -lrtas : cf. 5
5 9 1 7 . I . (Lu cia-
stir: he m akes thisslight apology fo r asserting even the fol
lowing claim to b e com pared with the
great m en o f old, after disclaim ing all
com pariso n with them .
2 . « chin a; italrpoatpso'n : cf. 93
3,
I925.
3 . m iwuplvw : im perfect, like 00
xo¢arrobr mv as is shown b y rbre.
6. I keep the
reading o f 2 , b ut om it asafter robs. The
ungram m atical and needlessly awkward
fo r this o ratio n : bdo vpov a n seem s an
o b vious attem pt to co rrect this co rrupt
co m b inatio n . b iaabpw, ridia tle, is a
favourite wo rd with Dem o sthenes it
o ccurs elsewhere in this speech in
I 26‘, I80’, 2 IB
°, 299
3, 32 always in the
sam e sense .
g o ne . 2 . 6 8’
aw e. 6 m i:
Aeschines had two b ro thers , Philochares,older than him self, and Apho b etus, the
yo ungest o f the fam ily. He describ es
Philo chares (II . I 49) as a distingu ished
m ilitary m an, who was cho sen generalin
three successive years ; and Apho b etus
as holding a high po sition in the revenue
departm ent, and go ing as am b assado r to
AHMOZOENOYf
Avvv pyrdpwv ; 676) new ydp o r
’
s3e’
va timi d. W e . 1rp69 ro bsA 1 v v a v A a e
v ras, w xp'
qare, wa alt). a m », ro v (rovro. eferaCeC V I
5 sta r. rov9 trad avro v , (00°
1e raM a 1raura , ro vs 1r0t17ras, ro v9I C I 3 Q I R
3 1 9 xopo vs, rov9 aywvw‘
ras . o (Dchappwv ovx, or: Phavxo v ro v
Kapvariov Ka i rwwv e'
re’
pwv 1rp6rep0v 7 eyev'
qpe'
vwv dflhqravAdo deve
’
arepo s ijv, da rerpofvwro s in m s Ohvmria s ninja ,
Q fl 3 I V D Iah). or: raw era shOo vrwv 1rpo s aurau apwr epaxero ,
5 e’
aretpavofiro Kai. vm éiv dvn'
yopefiero . Kai. 01‘
s 1rp69 ro ils
vim 6pa pic p'
rf-ropas, 1rp69 a avrbv, 1r1rpo s o vrwa180t raw
2 e 2 e 2 2 e 0
3 20an avrww o u ev efto rapat. aw, 61'
s p ev rfi v olts: ra
3 . 7ap om . A2 . 5. xa0’ avrbv 2 ; rar'
abrbr <b ; a'
a t’
rrbr 0 ; narb. o avrc‘
w
A I . 2 .
5 9 1 9 . 2 . érépwv om . A I . 4 . curbo 2 ; abrbv L , vulg . ; o m . A2 .
ob béra E, Y°
ovbéra (bend o ver diva) L ; obbevl2 (7 p), vulg.
the king o f Persia . Dem o sthenes (xxx .
2 37, 249) has no praise fo r them , b ut
casts no reproach upo n either. It is
generally tho ught that Apho b etus is herem eant: see Schae fer I .4 . 5 q cfi , my good m an , iro nical
cf. this is gene
rally understo od to refer to the gentle
style o f address in xpmrré, to callyou
nothing m ore : see West. and B1. But
it m ay refer to 1rpbs ro t): {Gm-
ar and
im ply that he will no t press the slight
claim to a co m pariso n with the m en o f
old which he m akes in Q 3 I 7 : it will
then m ean , to claim no m ore than this .
5 . robs ItaO’
air“: with 1 pSfl rsp rdM a ndwa ,
i. e . as in other cases,
less exact than robs dkkovs warre n—4 062i. e . as in dram atic
and o ther co ntests o f that nature , and in
the public gam es . See 3 I9.
9 1 9 . I . c dppo v is cho sen as an
Athenian who had recently returned as
an Olym pic victo r. See the verse in
Arist. Rhet. III . I I , I 3, Jan ep duhdauwv
M onaxdw xwptixtp. Glaucus, o n the
co ntrary, was one o f the m o st fam ous
b o xers o f the tim e o f the Persian wars,who , b esides gaining a victo ry atOlym pia,gained two Pythian , eight Nem ean, and
eight Isthm ian prizes. Pausanias (VI .
10, I—3) sawhis statue atOlym pia. See
the fragm ent o f the ode o f Sim o nides in
his ho no ur (fr. 8, Bergk): obbé IIoAv
bebxeor Bio. xe'
ipas drreivatr’
in b arrier
0688atbdpeor’
Ahxp.dras réxos. Aes
chines (I II . I S9) re fers to this co m pari
so n as o ne which he “ heard that
Dem o sthenes wo uld m ake . This is evidently a b old additio n which Aeschinesm ade to his speech after it was spo ken .
If Dem o sthenes had heard this antici
patio u o f his effective allusio n , with the
weak answer o f Aeschines , he wo uld
certainly have replied to b o th in his own
speech. The po int o f the com pariso n is
slightly changed b y Aeschines , perhapsto co ncealits o rigin .
4 . ab domen ” :
X en . An . VI . I , 9.
6. apa pd : cf. Oewpwpat ; 3 I 5’) and
éeérare
7. o bfl v’
ifio 'rapns , I shrink from no
one : this reading o f the b est MSS . agrees
with Lo b eck’s rule (no te on So ph . Aj.
that t-‘
fioraaat, declinare, takes theaccusative , b ut in the sense o f ccdere, the
dative . But here Lo hock wo uld read
obbevi ; and Shilleto agrees with him (no teo n X Ix. rem arking
“o b vio usly the
sense is I yield to no one , as Aj.Recent edito rs are undo ub tedly right in
of. Soph. El. 700 ;
AHMOZGENOYi
3 2 1 8150 d'
v3pes rov Ipv'
a et. pte'
rpto v wo him v Exew
86? (0137 0: ydp pat 1repi. e’
pavroi} ). e’
yow c dve1rt¢00vairarovsin-
sip), c’
v pév rats e’
fova'
t'
ats rip) 7 08 yevvaio v Ka i. rov
fl pm eio v ‘
rfi Irdhet 1rpoa t'
pea'w Statpvlta
'
fr'rew, iv IraW i. 33
5 xacpq'
i Kai. fl pdfet.‘
n‘
yv edvo m w rovro v ydp i) (pva'
ts k v ic.
ro v v aa'fia t 82 Icai. ia'
xvew grepa . rav‘m v ro fvvv Im pA c I C A C A I I
3 22 spat pep evnxveav evpna efi'
drrhws . opare 8e . o v Ic efawo v
nevoe, aim Isis Sixa g e’
Ira'
ydm-
m v, o im (irrec
hovwwv, 06x ovxi. Tove Karapof‘ro vs rovro vs 33 2V I f 5
(00 1 e flnpta pct fl po afiahhowwv, o vSapws eyu wpoSe'w a
ra iira 169 vulg . ; rain-
a
Italrip f or? rp. L’, vulg .
trepa 2 , L,
8 2 1 . I .
om . 2 , L1
. 3 .
o m . 2 , L‘, A I , 0 ; rot) om . 0,V6. 6.
vulg . ; é-
répa V6:“se . i) Tex?) (H . Wolf).
I3 drapes vulg . ; (3 om . E, L , F, V6.
yevalov (7 ab o ve the line) 2 .
7 066G66” .o A I , 0.
9 8 2 2 . 2 .
h ayévrwv no: L, vulg . ; IwI. o m . 2 , 0, A I .
ira‘
y‘
yehopévwv L.
wpoofiaXMwwv (Irpoo by co rr.) 2 .
(added ab o ve the line). 3 .
«ix 67 : L Q, B. 4 .
2 , L, 0, A I IrpoJ . l‘yth vulg .
8 2 1 . perptov : see §m7
.
2 . all" (with elr e‘
iv) he uses 111 ? phere m odestly, as he is speaking o f him
self ; b ut he m eans the m an called xahbr
xd'
yaOI): wold-n ): in 2 78
’and 306
1 (seeBL).
3. Iv m ic“M arian , i. e .
rapfiv, in tim e of pawnwpoaipm v, the policy whirl: aim : at
nobility andpre- em inence ; and f fi « 6M
SW M -rrew, to g uard tlzis always forthe state . For 1 06rpwrefov see 667 .
5. f pdfiu (se . iv rdo y) m ay m ean
in every act (o f the state sm an). But
Blass is pro bably right in taking it in the
sense o ffortu ne, like 556and Iran ?” Irpdr
rew : see Aeschyl. Prom . 695, rpdfw
1 003 ; Hdt. I I I. 65 (end), dr ét e radar
rip éwwot’
} Irpafw ; and So ph . Tr. 294 ,
m m“
, xhvovoa Irpdfw rflrde .- si
'
wom v,
loyaldevotion to the state : so in
See no te o n I 73‘
.—ro fI-rov , i. e . n
‘
pr
et'
ivocav Bracpvhd'
rrew.
6. (a pa , Other things, as chance o r
Fo rtune , which he canno t co ntrol. H .
Wolf read érépa, another power (i. e .
Fo rtune), which he thus explained : 4)
Torr), éralpa ofio a ItalEetp'lyv Italdpa
'ré‘ nr.
of»: air auqhxrvovar dixar 2 ; mix fi xe r L, vul
mix dr echodv'
rwv L,vulg . ; om .
1
oI'
l E, L‘, vulg . ; at}A2 ;£76: Irpodédwxa.
So Blass “verdeckter Ausdruck fur i;
T6xq.
” i.e . rip eI'
I'
vom r .
7 dwkiie, absolutely , witb ou t excep
5 8 2 2 . I . ifm roéptvos , i. e . by Alexander ; see the next note and no te o n
s4 1’
2 . its before Me An:
phictyonic Cou ncil: cf. iv “Inpu t-doom
x1x. 181 (also witho ut the article). WhenAlexander dem anded the o rato rs o f
Athens in 335 B.C. , he do ub tless intended
to have them tried b y the Am phictyonicCouncil see Aesch . I I I . 161 Ital 1 40e
dewérarov, basis new ror‘
irov 06 rpov'
dore,
ovd’
eldo a'
re xptflfivcu év TI)? raw‘
Ehkflvwv
o weaptIp. No tice the spirito fthis sentence .
What a trial this wo uld have b een for
Dem o sthenes, Hyperides, and Lycurgus !—8¢xo.e k ayévfl ov, bu
'
ngingw it: (againstm e ): see 249
3.
3 . M M OMVW : cf. h awekté‘
w
pé'
yIOos, 2981. -s xam pdrove roti
revs , the whole pack o f sycophants m entio ned in 249, So sicles , Dio ndas , Me
lantus, etc.
4 . wpoofiahhdv mv, setting them on
(as Onpla ) cf. t poofidhheo dat, to attack.
i'
lEPl TOY ZTEQANOY
rip: eI’
s fonds eiivorav . To yap e’
f aipxfis £60139 6p0i7v ralsSoxaiav r I
‘
yv 682W 769 a okvreias eihdpnv. rds roads, rds
v am'
eea g , rag ev80£tas ra ts warpIBo s flepan'
evew, ravras
avfew, nerd. rovrwv elu n. o vIc e’
rri per rats ere'
pwv eirrvx'
n 3 23
(patspo s c'ywxa I. yeynflws Kara. ripe dyopdv wepte'
pxopa t.
rip:Seftdv aporeivwv Kai. eisayyeMCdpevo s ror
'
rro cs o ils av
e’
xew’
e arra'
y'
ye'
hhew o imau t, rwv Se 75; n ohem s ayaawv
5 . eIiOI‘
yrom . B', V6.
7 . m (be fore riis) om . V, F .
5 8 2 8 . 4 . e‘r ayylhhew B.
5. W H J N WW: cf. 5rpoclpeo
‘
tv .
7 . 8m “ : cf. dwao
-
reia m eans lordly poorer ; and when itrefers to a ruler, it o ften m eans absolute
power o r despotism . But it can also
m ean (as here), in a go od sense , the
lo rdly powerwhich Athens o nce exercisedo ver her dependent states, and which she
always aspired to exercise .—0epa1revew.
afifiew, elm explain am . 660m
8. pa d ” (n ew elves , to be faiMfultoMese (rd: ‘
rfir f ar-
plow), lit. tooe on Meir sid
’
e : see Ar. Ach . 66I , 76yapet’
t ne'
r’lam? Ital70Glam or Evm xov (arm .
5 8 8 8 . I . h ‘po v, i.e . the Mace
donians ; as trepot (8) and trepar (5refer to Alexander.—n
’
rruxflw s : the
victories o f Alexander at the Granicus
(334 at Issus (333 and at
Arbela (33 I were stillfresh in recol
lectio n, the last no t yet a year old.
3 . eiu yyd rtflu vos, properly announ
cing good tidings (cf. eizaryéhcor, Gospel,but here congratulating on good news,e .g . saying T/Iis is a great victory .
”It
canno t m ean actually inform ing —1 06m 002 the apparentlydefinite antecedent is peculiar b efo re the
co nditional relative clause . He m eans
any ofMose m en (awell- known class)ratio
(o n any occasion) I Mink are likely to re
portMiMer (to Macedonia) such an event
as m y co ngratulating them o n a Mace
donian victo ry . Cf. 3 I 3°,rovro“, air.
where, however, the relative is no t con
ditional. It has, I b elieve, never b een
G. D.
6. rip om . 0, Q, A2 , V6.
askedwho thes e m en were .
o f course , m any Macedonians in Athens at
rfir 1 0k. rip Moe L .
There were ,
this tim e , and there were m any Athenianswho wo uldwelcom e news ofMacedonian
victo ries . But we m ust rem em b er that
the greatest Macedonian who ever lived,the philosopher Aristo tle, was then a
resident in Athens at the head o f the
Lyceum . His relations with the Co urto f Pella and with Alexander were m ost
intim ate . Who wo uld b e m o re likely to
report to Pella, or even to Alexanderhim self, that Dem osthenes had congratu
lated him on the victory atArb ela, if hehad any such pleasant fact to repo rt ? It
would b e interesting, though no t quitepleasant, to find an allusion to the great
philo sopher in this striking passage .
4 . 7 87 these advantages
gained b y Athens m ay refer to the earlysuccesses o f the Spartan king Agis in hisrevolt against Macedonia in the springo f 330 D.C. (Diod. XV II . Tho ughDiodorus says that Athens did no t jo inin this insurrection , yet Aeschines (I67)quo tes Dem o sthenes as saying, the der:
rpdrrtov da do-
76 rd. Au to
vura o vorfio'
at' buohayéi Ger
-
re hab: Ital
Heppm fiovs dfi n dvat, which shows that
Dem o sthenes atleast claim ed so m e share
in this Spartan m o vem ent, as wellas in
the Thracian reb ellio n which occurred
at the sam e tim e (Diod. XVII . See
Gro te X II . , Ch . 95. The wo rds
dyaOI‘
I
‘
w m ight also refer to the interest of
Athens in the reverses o f Alexander,which were occasionally reported from
I S
AHMOZOENOYZ
5 n eIppI IrdIs drove: Icai o re'
vwv Ital.w rwv eis riyv yfiv, aid -rep
o i Sva a efie'
is o r’rrm , oi riyv per! m ihw SIaO'vpo vo
'
Iv, aia rrepovxavrovs Stam ipo vres drau rovro a m mo -
Iv, é'
fw88Bhe'
rrovcn ,
Kai e’
u ofs arvx'
qadvrwv rwv E‘
q vwv et’
rnixna'
ev erepo s ,
ravr e’
1ra Ivov0'
I. Kai. om us ro v arravra. xpo vo v )Ieve I data-
I
to 8e m pew.
M 1) Sfir’
, I3 adores Oeoi, a eis rav0’
imam ém veva etev ,
dhhd. pdkw'
ra )I é'
v Kai roe Is Behriw rwd. vo iiv Ka i Ippe'
vaeI8 l
evflevqre , a 8 up é'
xo vm v dm drws, ro vro vs )I ev avrovs Icafl’
éavrovs e’
faiheIs Ka i. npo aihe Is eu 7 7) ItalOahafrrnr a dio-
are,
5 . de cor-Iv Q, B. adévtov O . 6. avo efie'
irO . Italdio r ep V6. 7 . earn -
oils O .
fiMrwaIv (ou o ver to) L. 8 . evrt’rxno ev Grepos Z, L, vulg . ; tr . evrI
'Ix. 0, A I ;
Jr . nvr . V6. peve'
i 2 ; MveI A I' dtauevei L, vulg . ; dIaaévp A2 ; dtauéveI Q .
8 8 4 . I . v v ravr’ 0, A I . GraIveaeIev A2 . 3 . oorwrdvIdrws vulg
061 m om . Z, L , O , Y , A I . 3, 4 . a’m in ds 0. 4 . Italrpo u
'
IAeIs o m . A I .
r oInaare 2 , V6; r oI'
Ilo oIre L ; t undra re vulg .
Asia : Aeschines (I64) describ es Dem osthenes on o ne such occasion as em
Geurvt'
nav rIolrb em rpoow ov tbs ext e
t hwae‘vov Italddvq v-ros, Italxpvo bxepwv
dr oxahd‘
w Ital xareo ré¢0aI ¢do xwv d n
" aids“! avufinaertu'
Ake£dv8ptp. Thiswas when itwas reported that Alexanderwas shut up in Cilicia, and evrieu m a
(IIeM e avararqdfio eodm tin ) riis Hepo'
IxI'
is
Ir r ov. But it seem s less likely thatDem osthenes wo uld refer to such rum o urs in
the present passage . The sto ry shows,
however, that the m ere repo rt o f a dis
aster to Alexander ro used the spirit o f
lib erty at Athens, even in her deephum iliation .
5 . xinrru v els rrlv fi v : cf. Caes .
B. G . I . 32 , 2 , tristes capite dem isso
terram intueri.
6. M orro w : cf. 5 3 I 7".—8fl tp
oixwith the participle shows that there
is no thing co nditio nalin the expression
see no te o n 5 2 761.
7. fiMsrovo -I : cf. Plut. Arat. I 5,
ra‘
is eke -low (forflkérw .
8. iv 0“(cf. 5 I93) b elongs equally to
drvxnodvrwv and evrvxwev .
9. f alir’
, Mis state of M ings (iverepor), understood also as sub ject o f
neveI .
5 8 8 4 . The Pero ration is co nfined tothis single im pressive sentence . As he
b egan his o ration b y b eseeching the Gods
to put it into the hearts o f the judges tohear him im partially, so now he im plo res
them to change the hearts o f the traito rs
within the State , o r, if it is too late fo rthis, to annihilate them utterly as the
o nly hope o f safety to honest m en . See
Lo rd Bro ugham’
s rem arks o n the pero ra
tio n .
2 M m e . ply , if possible, best ofall
3 . lvOe‘rrre, m ay you inspire in Mem
this co m b ines the wish with an exhorta
tio n , which the optative som etim es ex
presses in po etry (M . T . In the
clause with re we have the im peratives
r oI'Iio are and51m : see criticalno te — cl. 8
°
dp’
, bu t if, as m ay be,—but if after all.
em s. a’
lam bs : the strongest ex
pressio n for by Mem selves .
4 . (feasts Ital wpodku s m uffi n ,
cau seMem to be destroyed utterly and beforeMeir tim e : see Shilleto
’
s no te o n xxx .
I 72 , £506a dr oholuqv Italrpoa’
akqs. The
Scholia have : éfu'
ak'
qs b 480: drwlteias,rpoaikns 86 b Irpa ro6 IraIpo ii rofi Om iv
abrbv ¢0apels. Westerm ann quo tes an
inscription o f Halicarnassus from Keil,
H ISTORICAL SKETCH
FROM THE ACCESSION OF PH ILIP OF MACEDON TO THE
BATTLE OF CHAERONEA.
I . FROM m s ACCESSION o r PH ILIP IN 359 TO 352 D.C.
r. The battle Of Mantinea and the death Of Epam inondas in
362 a c. m ark the beginn ing Of a new era in Greek history . The
brilliant statesm anship and m ilitary genius Of Epam inondas had raisedThebes to the highest position as a m i litary power, and had reducedSparta from her leadership Of Greece to a condition Of extrem e danger.Sparta was held in check by the new hostile towns o f Megalopolis and
Messene, and she had suffered fo r the first tim e the hum iliation Of
seeing an invading arm y within her stree ts . Athens, alarm ed by theaggressive power Of Thebes, thought it expedient to forge t her ancientenm ity and even her recent wrongs, and to m ake com m on causewith her Old rival : at Mantinea Athens and Sparta fought side byside against Thebes. The death Of Epam ino ndas at the m om ent Ofvictory broke the spirit and the power Of Thebes ; Athens was suddenlyre lieved Of her great alarm ,
and now no longer feared the rem ovalo f her Propylaea to the Cadm ea Of Thebes . Greece was left withouta head, and Athens was encouraged to hope fo r a recovery Of theleadership which she had lost by the Pe loponnesian War.
2 . During the five succeeding years Athens devoted herself toestablishing her power in the North, especially in her Old dom inion , the
Thracian Chersonese, which, after a long struggle and m any reverses,
cam e anew into her possession in 357 B.C. Earlier in the sam e year shehad m ade her fam ous expedition for the liberation Of Euboea
,Of which
Dem osthenes Often speaks with pride ‘,when she cleared the whole
island Of Thebans in thirty days and wrested it perm anen tly from
1 Dem . Co r. 99.
2 3° HISTORICAL SKE TCH . [359
Thebes, which had held it since the battle Of Leuctra in 37 1 a c. In
357 D.C. the new Athenian confederacy reached its greatest power andextent . It included a large part Of the islands Of the Aegean, Byzan tium ,
the Chersonese and the south Of Thrace , Potidaea, Me thone, andPydna,with m uch Of the coast Of the Therm aic Gu lf But in the autum n Of
that year the hopes Of Athens were violently shattered by the outbreakof the Social War, in which Chios, Co s, Rhodes. and Byzantium ,
encouraged by Mausolus Of Caria, sudden ly revolted and weakenedher power at its m ost vital points. This disastrous war ended in the
spring Of 355, when Athens was com pelled to acknowledge the inde
pendence Of the four seceding states“. Thus crippled she found herselfin the face Of a newand m ore dangerous enem y.
3 . In 359 B.C. Philip II . succeeded to the throne Of Macedonia at
the age Of twen ty- three . Macedonia hadhitherto filled on ly a sm all placein Greek politics : there was no quarter which threatened less dangerto Grecian libe rty’. Under Philip this was suddenly changed. Thiscrafty king lost no tim e in laying his plans for his great Object, theextension Of his power and influence o ver the states Of Greece . His
regular policy, which he never deserted andwhich seldom deserted him ,
was to interfere in a friendly way in the quarre ls Of Greek states in the
hope Of getting o ne or both Of the parties into his own power. He
began in the year Of his accession by offering help to Athens in herdispute about the possession Of her Old colony Am phipo lis. He pro
posed a treaty Of peace with Athens, with the understanding that hewould secure Am phipolis fo r her and receive Pydna (on his own coast)in exchange . These negotiations, though known to the Senate
,were
kept secret from the people Of Athens‘ ; b ut great hopes were based o n
Philip’s friendship, and Athens no t on ly neglected to take Am phipoliswhen it was left ungarrisoned by Philip, but refused to he lp the townafterwards when Philip was besieging it and her aidwas asked“. But
I Dem . Iv . 4 refers to this tim e : elxopév 1 00'
I'
m eis II I’Ibvav m lHon
-
elbow Ital
MeOII'
m jv Italrdvra. rbv rbr ov roilrov olxe'
iov xI’
mNp.
See Grote X I. Ch . 86, pp. 3 Io , 325 ; Schaefer, Dem o sth. u . seine Zeit, I . pp. I66—I 72 .
See Gro te X I . p. 279 :“Am ong the hopes and fears o f m ost Grecian cities,
Macedonia then passed wholly unno ticed : in Athens, Olynthus, Thasas, Thessaly,and a few o thers, it form ed an item no t witho ut m om ent, yet by no m eans Of first
rate m agnitude .
”
See Theo pom pus, frag . I89 (Muller); Schaefer I I . p. 20. This state secret
was the Gpvhobuevov dr bppm-
ov m entio ned in Dem . II . 6 (see the5 Dem . I . 8.
232 H ISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [356
leader Philo m elus, decided to resist ; and they revived an Old claim to
the m anagem ent Of the tem ple Of Delphi , which had caused a shortSacredWar in 448 B.C. At that tim e the Phocians, under the protectiono f Athens, had se iz ed the tem ple and expelled the Delphians the
Spartans sen t an arm y which restored the tem ple to the Delphians, soonafter which the Athen ians sent another arm y which placed the Phocian sagain in possession ‘
. Athens was thus com m itted by her action n inetyyears before to the Phocian side Of the questio n ; Sparta was herse lfalready under the De lphic b an by her refusal to pay a fine im posed o n
her for seiz ing the Cadm ea Of Thebes in 382 D.C.
5. Under these circum stances Philom elus with a body o f Phociansseiz ed the tem ple. The loyal Am phictyons, no
‘
w chiefly Thebans,Thessalians, and Locrians, raised a large arm y to attack them , and theyin turn raised a large m ercenary force to defend the tem ple . Afte rm any prom ises to respect the sacred treasures , Philom elus was soonreduced to the necessity Of using these to pay his soldiers ; and in a
few years the costly Offerings Of gold and silver,with which the re ligious
pride Of Greece and the m unificence o f strangers like Croesus had storedthis venerable tem ple, had been m elted down to supply the needs Of
the Phocian m ercenaries. Philo m eluswas killed in a skirm ish in 354 B.C.,
andwas succeeded by Onom archus, who continued the spoliation o f thetem ple with still greater energy . He even used the bronz e and ironrelics to m ake arm s fo rhis troops . He andhis successors gave the m ostprecious relics. as the necklaces Of Helen and Of Harm onia (daughterOf Ares and Aphrodite, andwife OfCadm us), to the irwives or m istressesto wear ; and Diodorus piously re lates the sad fates which b efel theseunfortunate wom en
’. This state Of things caused a scandal throughout
Greece , which was easily m agnified by the enem ies Of the Phocians,and obliged even the ir traditional friends, like the Athenians, to becautious in expressing their sym pathies by word or deed”. The re ligiousexcitem ent also m ade it easy and attractive fo r an unscrupulous outsider like Philip to intervene o n the side Of piety, and thus to pose as
the cham pion Of the God Of Delphi. This Philip did at the earliestOpportun ity.
Thuc. I . I I 2 . After the decline o f the Athenian power the Phocians lo st theircontrolo f the tem ple , and the Peace o f Nicias (4 2 : B.C. ) recogniz ed the Delphians as
m anagers.
Athen . VI . p. 232 E ; Biod. XVI . 64 .
See the cautio us words o f Dem osthenes (Co r. IS) o n the feeling and the policyOfAthens concerning the Phocians . Fo r the earlier account Of the Phocian War see
Gro te X I . Ch . 87, Schaefer I . 488—507.
35. a c ] PHILIP CHE CKED AT THERM OP YLAE . 233
6. He had already interfered in the afl'
airs Of Thessaly by aidingthe Aleuadae o f Larissa in their contest against Lycophron, despot OfPherae . In 353
—352 B.C.
, soon after his capture Of Methone, heattacked Lycophron with such vigou r that the despot invoked the aid Of
Onom archus and his Phocian arm y . The Phocians had now becom e
so powerful wi th their ill-gotten weal th that they had m arched forthfrom Delphi andwere practically m asters Of Boeotia and Of the wholeregion south Of Therm opylae. A force Of Phocians under Phayllus,the brother and afterwards the successor Of Onom archus , who m archedto the aid o f Lycophron, was defeated by Philip, and com pelled toretreat b eyond Therm opylae . Ono m archus then entered Thessaly withhis whole arm y, and defeated Philip in two battles. But Philip soo nreturned with a new arm y
,and defeated the Phocians com pletely.
Onom archus, it was said , was slain in the retreat by som e Of his
Own m en . Lycophron was obliged to abandon Pherae , which wastaken by Philip
,who also captured the im portant seapo rt Of Pagasae ,
which gave him control Of the whole Pagasaean Gu lf. The Phocianarm y was ann ih ilated ; but Phayllus took his brother
's com m and, and
easily raised another m ercenary force by Offering double pay, which thesacred treasures still provided ‘.
7. While this new force was collecting, the road through Therm o pylae lay Open to Philip ; but he de layed his m arch southward unti lhe could settle the afi
'
airs Of sou thern Thessaly. Since his defeato f the Phocians he was hai led as a protector by their enem ies, and hewas already recogniz ed as the avenger Of Apollo, who was to restore theholy tem ple to its rightful lord ; and it was confidently expected thathe would pass Therm opylae with his arm y and becom e a power inCentral Greece. But at this m om entous crisis Athens becam e fullyalive to the danger which threatened Greece and especially herself.With an energy which was unusual at this period and recalled the m ostglorious Of her Older days, she sent a force by sea to Therm opylae ,whichwas sufficient to prevent Philip from even attem pting to force the pass,andwhich (strange to say) arrived in tim e . Dem osthenes often alludeswith pride to this exploit Of Athens, and com pares it with her m anyexpeditions which were sent too late ”. This took place shortly beforem idsum m er, 352 n c.
’ Though Philip received a tem porary check at
this tim e, he was now recogniz ed as a power to be reckoned with in the
1 See Gro te X I . 408—4 IS ; Schaefer I . 505—5 I0, I I . 3 I
-
32 .
See Dem . Cor. 32 , IV. 1 7, 35, X IX . 84 (cf.
See Gro te X I . 4 1 5 ; Schae fer I . 5 IO.
234 HISTORICAL SKETCH [384
settlem ent o f the SacredWar ; and he used this position with great skill,un til six years later he was enabled to end the war on his own term s ,
to hum iliate Athens, and by a single blow to m ake him se lf a recogniz ed
partner in Greek affairs.
I I . EARLY LIFE o r DEMOSTHENES .— EVENTS FROM 352 TO
348 B.C.
8. In 354 B.C. , two years before Philip was repulsed at Therm opylae by Athens, a statesm an appeared in the Athenian Assem blywho was to b e his m ost able and persistent opponent , and to whomit was chiefly due that his plans fo r the subjugation o f Greece we redelayed m ore than fifteen years . Dem osthenes, so n o f Dem osthenes ,was born at Athens, according to the date now generally accepted,in 384
—383 B.C.
, the year in which probably Aristotle was born at
Stageiro s‘. The father o f Dem osthenes died in 376-
375, leaving hisso n in his eighth year and a daughter in her fifth . He left an estate o f
about fifteen talents 3000 or to b e m anaged during the
i We have the m o st co nflicting statem ents o f the year in which the o rator was
b o rn . The date 384—383 agrees with what Dem o sthenes says in xxx. I 5, that
Apho b us was m arried in the last m onth o f‘ the archonship o f Polyz elus (i. e . m id
sum m er 366 and that im m ediately afterwards he him self b ecam e o f age (18) and
passed his Gomm la . It also agrees generally with his statem ents in XXVI I . 4 , vi ,
and 29, that he was seven years old (tr -I" h e?» 6am ), i. e . in his eighth year, at his
father’
s death , and that he was under guardianship ten years (b efo re It is
confirm ed by Hyperides (in Dem ., Col. XXI I . who refers to Dem o sthenes (in 324
—323 B.C. ) as o ver sixty years old. It is directly opposed to Dem . X X I . I 54 ,
where the o rato r says that he is thirty - two years old (in 349 there is pro bablyan erro r in the text here : and this is repeated by Dion . Hal. (Am m . p. who
gives 38 I—380 fo r the b irth o f Dem osthenes . See Schaefer I . 269, with Be ilage I I .
(I st Blass , Chron . Dem . (in Teub ner p . 5 .
The lives o f Dem o sthenes and Aristo tle co incide alm o st exactly, as Aristo tle diedat Chalcis in the autum n o f 322 D.C. , a few weeks b efo re the death o f Dem osthenes at
Calauria.
Fo r another Opinion o n these dates, bywhich Dem osthenes was b o rn in 383 and
the Midiana is dated in 350, when he was 32 years and I I m onths old, see Unger in
the Berichte o f the Munich Academ y, I 879, I I . p. r73 .
I give the m odem value o f the weight o f pure silver which m ade the Solonictalent (572lb s . avo ir. ) at ,{Q200 or $I000, this b e ing the average value for m any yearsb efore the recent decline in the value o f silver (see Lidd. and Sco tt under rahm ar).
This assum es a value o f 57 pence per ounce Troy o f pure silver, and 52 11, pence per
o unce o f English standard silver -
925 fine). If standard silver were to fall to
pence per o unce (Oct. 6, 1899, it was the actualvalue o f a talent weight o f
silverwould b e £ 300.
236 HISTORICAL SKE TCH [364
the regular 8m 8cxao -fa,in which he felt sure o f obtaining justice . But
the tim e proved to be too short fo r this ; and he therefore was com
pelled to take the trierarchy,as the only m eans o f bringing his su it
to trial ‘. He paid twenty m inae (one - third o f a talent), the sum for
which Thrasylochus had already hired a contractor to perform the dutieso f the trierarchy, which was a cm ptqpap a
’.
Though the estate o f Dem osthenes had been so grossly squandered,the crafty guardians had allowed their ward to be assessed for theproperty tax in the highest class, as o ne o f the “ leaders o f Sym m ories.
"
This obliged him to bear allthe special bu rdens o f the richest citiz ens,including the trierarchy
10. As was the rule in private suits ‘, the case cam e first before a
public arbiter (Scau m who condem ned Apho bus . In the He liasticcourt, to which b e appealed, the result was the sam e, andDem ostheneswas awarded his full dam ages, ten talents. In this trial he delivered histwo orations against Apho b us (xxvrI . and But he found it impo ssible to obtain either his estate or his dam ages from his wily Opponent.In attem pting to seiz e a piece o f land belonging to Apho b us he was
m et by Oneto r, brother- in -law o f Apho b us, who asse rted that the landwas his own, having been taken by him as security for the dowry o f hissister, whom Apho b us had m arried and divorced . Dem osthenes now
bro ught a 86x17 lfofikm , or suit o f ejectm ent, against Onetor, charginghim with “ ejecting him illegally from land to which he had a legalclaim ’
. In this case he delivered his two orations against Onetor (xxx.
1 See Dem . XXV I I I . I 7 : W idow.» e‘r
'
£746 r apeaxetiaaav , IV,451 pb drndofnv, u
'h
{fetaM C t pbs nitrous tin-ware?» tbs xal ‘
ré‘
wGuru‘
w f orm » 7 06 drn bcdov-ros
‘
yvyvoub w , rl
86 IIa redrawr otofnv, b’
6x flpaxelas ot’
wfas Am oun t-iv wan ds-
M ir b ra-measly» .
drréw a adv, dt éxltewa 81> dis M arcela: revfoueror 06 rvxdrv 8G rad-m t, ray xpom w
bravura arm y , in . pi) 07 6731106 7 6v th ird», dt érwa n it Am o un t” 01 00623 olxlar
xal rattan-ro t? rdrra . Dem . accepted the tin -loom s (dvréw a new), b ut with the
co m m on pro viso (dréxkewa 83) that a Graaurcwla should finally settle the case ; b ut
Thrasylo chus had skilfully left no tim e for this . See also X X I . 78. Fo r dvrwotm , as
applicab le to allfo rm s o f Am oup'
yla, see Boeckh , Staatsh . d. Ath . I . pp. 673 if. (esp.
with Frankel’s no te 883 (II . p. I
9 Dem . X X I . 80, 1 54 . The whole trierarchy, o f which Thrasylo chus had one half
im po sed o n him , co st forty m inae . See Bo eckh, Staatsh. d. Ath . I . 642 , 67 I .
Dem . Co r. ro g'and no te , XXV II . 7, 9 ; Bo eckh , ib id. pp. 599
—6O I , 6I 3.
Arist. Pol. Ath . 53, a passage which finally settles a disputed question .
5 The film 6&6t has m any po ints in co m m o n with the old actio n o f ejectm ent,
on which see Encyclop. Britann . under Ejectm ent. See hypo thesis to Dem . XXXGibr ep { fo ru m at
'
rrq'
i ba dger-
at 6 Amwaflé ms, (in e’
x rt?»’
A¢6§ou f pé-repov, afir Gé
«lav-
rep“
ye'
yevvmévwv, 8? Ti): éfodltm Grout:’
A-rrur6v ° éEéMte tv yap
35: a c ] DEM OSTHENES AS 010:TOR .
and probably in 362— 361 . The issue o f this second suit is not
known . It is certain that Isaeus advised and supported the youngorator in allthese suits, and he probably com posed m any passages inthe speeches them selves '
I I . The training in law and rhe toric which Dem osthenes gained inpreparing fo r this early contest , and his long experience in the variousprocesses o f the courts, were by no m eans lost . He found him se lf, atthe age o f twenty- three, m ainly dependent on him se lf for support ; andhe adopted the profession o f )toyoypdcpos or legal advise r, the duties ofwhich included writing speeches for clients to deliver in court (whencethe nam e). In the period from 360 to 356D.C. he com posed for clientsthe private orations num bered X LI . , LL , and Lv .
’It is very plain,
however, that Dem osthenes soon aim ed at som ething m uch higher thanwriting speeches and giving advice in private lawsuits. Before he wasthirty years old he had distinguished him se lf as an advocate in casesof im portant public interest, in which the constitutionality o f laws ordecrees was judicially tested ”. His argum ents in such cases o f ypa¢zjrapavdpwv (of which m ore will b e said e lsewhere ) are those againstAndro tio n (XXII. , 355-
354 against Leptines (xx., sam e year),
against Tim o crates (xx iv., 353
—35 and against Aristocrates (XXII I. ,
352-
35 I ). But he had already twice appeared as a speaker in the
Athenian Assem bly, once in 354— 353,when he de livered his speech on
the Sym m o ries proposing a reform in the system o f assessing taxesand equipping the navy, and once again in 353— 352 , when he defendedthe rights o f Megalopolis (xvr. ) against Spartan aggression. In ne ithero f these public speeches is there anything which shows that the oratorwas seriously anxious abou t the dangers which already threatenedAthens from the north . It is im possible that less than a year before theFirst Philippic none o f the forebodings which there appear should havebeen fe lt ; but probably Dem osthenes thought that the m om ent for openand ene rgetic speech and action o n his part against Philip had no t yetcom e .
A n ew7 6éwe‘
t‘
v Italéxfldltltw pig . £806a is therefore the act o f q'
ectflm rt, which is
charged as an o ffence , used like xkofi js in 8l xhorfis. See Harpocr. s. v . éfoéhm ;Sm ith, Diet. Ant. Exoules D ike ; Meier and Schom ann 665
—668.
I For exam ple , a long pm sage in XXX. 37, which approves the exam inatio n of
slaves under torture and has o ften b een quo ted as a repro ach against Dem o sthenes, isfound alm ost verbatim in Isaeus VII I . I 2 .
Fo r the dates o f these and other early speeches see Blass, Chro n . Dem .
pp. IS ff.
For the 7pa¢~ljraparbp m see Essay II .
238 H ISTORICAL SKETCH [352
1 2 . Probably the sudden panic about m idsum m er 352 , whichroused Athens to her energetic m ovem ent to Therm opylae gavethe question o f checking Philip’s aggressions a new and serious im portance ‘. A few m onths later (Nov. 352) the alam iing news cam e thatPhilip was b esieging Heraion Teicho s, a fortified post near the ThracianChersonese ’. Again Athens acted with energy, and voted to equipforty trirem es, to be m anned by Athenians, and to levy a tax o f sixtytalents. But a report that Philip was ill, followed by another that hewas dead stopped these preparations, and nothing was done. Philip’scruisers com m itted som e daring aggressions o n the coasts o f Euboeaand even o f Attica. In the spring o f 351 the Athen ian Assem bly m etto consider his hostile behaviour, which was now a fam iliar subject.Dem osthenes was the first to speak, and he spoke with no uncertainso und . This earliest o f his speeches against Philip, the First Philippic
‘
,
is an earnest and solem n appeal to the people to take decisive stepsagainst an enem y who is every day becom ing m ore dangerous. De
m o sthenes is now thoroughly aroused, and henceforth the single ob jecto f his political life is to excite the Athenians to effective actio n againstPhilip . He now proposes a new plan fo r a pe rm anent m ilitary and
naval force, to supersede the spasm odic efforts o f the past, whichhad generally failed o f their purpose . In this speech he establishedhis claim to statesm anship, on the ground o f “seeing things in theirbeginning and proclaim ing them to others and in his final review o f
his political life twenty-o ne years later he appeals to this with honestpride“. So far as we know, this great speech produced no effect The
dull honest conse rvatism o f Eubulus, who he ld the attention and co n
trolled the votes of the Assem bly, lulled the people into a dream o f falsesecurity and prevented im m ediate action on each em ergency. The
policy o f Eubulus was that o f peace at any price , at this critical tim ea m ost disastrous o ne , o f which he fai led to see the danger.
I 3 . A few m onths after the First Philippic, probably in the autum n
of 351 , Dem osthenes m ade his speech in the Assem bly for the Freedom
The opening o f the First Philippic shows that, tho ugh Philip’
s encro achm ents
had been o ften discussed, no serio us action had ever b een propo sed.
3 See III . 4 : alumnae 6r’drm fi dn “Mi rr or 6742: iv Opq
'
sm rpfror 1) rérapror
Eros rovrl'
Hpai‘
ov rei‘
xos r ohtopxé'
w. T61 45 rolvvv why uh 1)v Mm pam ptu'
v . This wasin No v . 352 , m o re than three years b efo re the Third Olynthiac (349
See IV . I I réOrmre <ba it in g ; of:mi At’
. dhh’do flevei ; rt6
’
fruit Ju diépe:
See Schaefer II. 73 ; Gro te X I . 43 I .
weir rd rpd‘
ypara dpxéueva x.r. h . Co r. 5 246. See Grote X I. 44 2 .
But see Schaefer II . 76.
240 HISTORICAL SKE TCH [350
tim es in the face with his clenched fist‘. This was not m e re ly a personaloutrage, but an insult to the state and to a great re ligious festival ; andit could be dealt with only by the m ost public legal process . This wasthe rpofioh j, in which the case firs t cam e before the Assem bly for itspre lim inary judgm ent, and afterward, if the decision was adve rse tothe accused, could b e tried before an ordinary popu lar court. The
Assem bly, at a special m ee ting in the Dionysiac Theatre , unanim ouslycondem ned Midias. This adve rse vote (xaraxaporovfa) o f the peoplewas no t a judicial condem nation ; it m erely sent the case to the court,if the accuser saw fit to bring it there, with a praejudzkium against thedefendant, which would stand fo rwhat it was worth with the judges. A
m an o f influence andwealth, like M idias, m ight easi ly, after the lapse o f
m any m onths . put obstacles in the way o f a judgm ent by the HeliasticCourt, which would no r be available in the public Assem bly, he ldim m ediate ly after the outrage . It is no t surprising, therefore, that theyoung orator, after his decisive victory over M idias in the unanim ous
popular vote, yielded to the advice o f judicious friends and avoided a
further contest with a powerful m an, who could always give him troublein his public career. He com prom ised the case, and received a sum o f
m oney as dam ages“. The existing oration against Midias (X X L), whichappears to have been carefully com posed for delivery in court, was o f
course never spoken : its professed date (according to the chronologyhere followed) is 349— 348 B.c.
’
I6. A year later (in 349) Philip took a m ost im portant step in his
grand plan by attacking the Olynthiac confederacy o f thirty- two freeGreek towns in the Chalcidic peninsula. In less than a year he hadcaptured and destroyed allthese, including Stageiro s, the birth- place o f
Aristotle,and sold the inhabitants into slavery ‘ . Olynthus, the head o f
this confederacy, had long been an im portant and flourishing city,generally hostile to Athens, and before 352 friendly to Philip. He
1 Fo r the affair o f Midias and its co nsequences, see Dem . X X L , the speech against
Midias ; Schaefer II . 94—I0I ; Gro te X I . 4 78, 479.
Aeschines (III . 52) speaks o f this com prom ise as a disgraceful proceeding
dréaoro rptdxorra III-GI! (half a talent) inc. rnr re els o th er! Ofiptr Italrip rofi Mm e
xaraxetporortav. He is o f co urse no autho rity for the price .
See X X I . I 3, where he m entio ns m idsum m er 35 I as rplror Eros row-f, as if he
were Speaking in 349 348.
Dem . Ix. 26:”
OM/700» pb 69) m lMeOub m Ira!'
Aro vlar Ital660 rd rptdtom
1 6h“: érlOpéxm 46, «is arde nt 00m : «5146: «trim mer Ja m 14178’
clr u'
m'
or’
{m idye arrpoceh06vr
’
th at M t» th eir . Cf. X IX . 266: rplv éfehfle'
iv “were: rat? f ohéptov 16:
1 6h“: drain-a: dr ot xwav rd: iv rijX ahxtéuri olrpobwévrer.
348 B.C. ] 0L YNTHIAN WAR . 24 x
encouraged her in her enm ity to Athens by giving her Potidaea,which
he took from Athens in 356, having already given her the MacedonianAnthem us. But the rapid advance o f Philip’s power in 353
—352 ,
which brought him to Therm opylae and alm ost carried him further,alarm ed the enterprising city, andin the autum n o f 352 she was in friendship, if no t in al liance, with Athens
’. In the autum n o f 349 an em bassy
from Olynthus cam e to Athens, asking help against an attack fromPhilip, and propo sing a form al alliance“. Athens accepted the alliance ;b ut no thing was done with sufficien t energy to save Olynthus or any
o f her confederate towns. Three em bassies cam e from Olynthus toAthens, and three fleets were sent by Athens to Olynthus the last flee twas still at sea when Olynthus fe ll . The city was captured, after a bravedefence , by the he lp o f traitors within the walls, probably in the earlyautum n o f 348
3. Many Athenian citiz ens were captured with the city ‘ .
With or before Olynthus fe ll the other Chalcidic towns, and thedestruction was com plete and terrible . Se ldom had anything shockedthe feelings o f the Grecian world like
’
rhis . Trave llers in Peloponnesus
(Aeschines am ong others) sawo n the roads troops o f Olynthian captivesdriven o ff to slavery“.
I 7. During the Olynthian war Dem osthenes de livered his threeOlyn thiacs, m asterpieces o f eloquence , fu ll o f earnest appeals to thepatriotism and public spirit o f the Athen ians and to their sense of du tyand honour ‘ . The wise prediction o f the First Philippic, “ if we do notnow fight Philip there (in the north), we shall perhaps be com pelled tofight him is now repeated in fresh words and with redoubledforce . No m ore powerful argum ents were eve r addressed to any people ;
I Dem . XX I II . 109, ( If OMWOIOI newlaw : ro“Altar :rpoopav, r. r . 7t. Liban . 61 00.
to Dem . I . (5 dr obrmof‘
wra Ge m pfio'
avrer al’
m‘
w (“Am er'
Ohliv t) rémpavres
rpe‘a'
pets rpbs'
A01jvalovs xarehdcarro rev :rpbs atirobr rékepor. Schaefer I I . I 2 I refersto these negotiatio ns with Athens ; also to C . I . Att. I I . no . 105, o f 35x D.C.
, which is
to o m utilated to co unt as historicalautho rity fo r an alliance .
3 Dem . I . 2 , 7 .
Diod. XV I . 53 , ¢0elpas re ItalAadflén jv, See Dem .
VI II. 40, IX . 56, 66, X IX . 265. Fo r the details o f the Olyn thian war, see Schaefer II .1 24 ff. , fo r the dates 156
— I 59 ; Gro te X I . 454 E.
See §29 .
5 See the acco unt given b y Aeschines o f his m ee ting the Arcadian Atrestidasreturning hom e with thirty Olynthian
,wom en and children , Dem . X IX . 305 , 306. See
Gro te X I . 505, 5 I0.
The traditionalo rder o f the Olynthiacs is defended b y Schaefer II . I 59—I65 ;
fo r o ther Opinions see Grote X I . 499—504 .
7 Iv. 50.
G . D.
2 4 2 H ISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [348
and yet the quieting influence o f Eubu lus and his party prevented all
efficient and tim e ly action . The Third Olynthiac has a forcib le appealto the Athenians to use the Theo ric (or festival) fund fo r m i litary purposes ‘, a m easure which was never passed until shortly before the battleofChaeronea. At the end of the Olynthiac war (348)Dem osthenes wasprobably in his thirty- sixth year. Allthe public speeches m ade by himbefore the events o f 346 have already been m ent ioned .
III . THE Paaca o r PHILOCRA‘
I‘
ES .
3 4 7—346 M :
1 8 . When Philip had destroyed Olynthus and the thirty- two Greektowns o f Chalcidice, he naturally turned his eyes southward and be
thought him se lf o f the land o f his hopes beyo nd Therm opylae . Ex
perience had shown him that while he was at Open warwith Athens hecould hardly hope to pass Therm bpylae without a desperate struggle ;and for this he hardly fe lt prepared. Whether he had already plannedthe artful schem e by which two years later he entered Greece , hailedwith acclam ation as the cham pion o f Apollo and the protector o f
Delphi, or whe ther he had som e less pre tentious plan in view, he now
saw thatat least a tem porary peace with Athens was absolute ly necessary .
Even before the capture o f Olynthus, envoys from Euboea had broughtto Athens a pleasant m essage from Philip that he wished fo r peace .
Soo n after this, Phrynon o f Rham nus was captured by one o f Philip’scruise rs, as he claim ed, during the Olym pic truce (i. e . about m id
sum m er He was re leased o n paym ent o f a ranso m ; and he
pe rsuaded the Athenians to send a public envoy with him to ask Philipto restore his ransom m oney . Ctesiphon (no t the defendant in the suito n the Crown) was sent o n this m ission ”. Philip rece ived bothCtesiphon and Phrynon with great kindness and gran ted the ir request .Ctesiphon reported that Philip wished to m ake peace as soon as
possible ’. The Athenians were de lighted ; and it was unan im ouslyvoted, on the m o tion o f Philocrates, that Philip m ight send a heraldand envoys to Athens to treat fo r peace . A certain Lycinus broughta 7pa¢rjwrapavéjuwv against this decree , with a penalty o f a hundredtalents, on what gro und we are no t directly inform ed . Dem osthenes
1 II I . I8—20. See Gro te X I . 49I—499.
3 Fo r this and the following events o f I S and 19, see Aesch . II . I 2— 19 .
3 Aesch . II . I 2 , I3 .
244 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [34s
20. In the previous year,after the fall o f Olynthus, a sign ificant
m ovem ent against Philip was m ade by Eubulus, with the active aid o f
Aeschines, o f whom we then hear fo r the first tim e in political life.
The fam ous rival o f Dem osthenes was the so n o f respectable parents ,who had been reduced to poverty ill the Peloponnesian War. We
cannot accept as historical either o f the two accounts o f his parentageand his youth which are given by Dem osthenes
‘. Ne ither orator is
authority fo r the life or personal character o f the Other . Like Dem o sthenes, he was left to his own resources to earn his living ; b ut hewas less favou red by gen ius and by fortune than his rival . As a youngm an he was a play-actor and to ok m any im portant parts, as that o fCreon in the Antigone and that o f Oenom aus in the tragedy o f
Sophocles o f that nam e“. He also did service as a clerk,publicly
in the Senate andAssem bly, and private ly in the em ploy o f Aristophonand Eubu lus“. His friendly re lations with Eubu lus were often o f greatservice to him in his public life . He was strong and vigorous, had a
powerfu l voice, and was a ready speaker. In allthese respects Naturehad given him a great advan tage over Dem osthenes but he lacked thesteady rhetorical training by which his rival, even as a young m an, m adehim se lf an accom plished orator ‘ . Though he was about six years olde rthan Dem osthenes, he appeared in public life m uch later . He servedin various cam paigns, in Euboea in 357 and 350, and at Mantinea in
362 .
2 1 . On the occasion referred to probably in the winter o r
spring o f 348—347, Eubu lus addressed the Assem bly against Philip,
calling him the com m on enem y o f the Greeks and swearing by hischildren that he wished that Philip were dead 5. He proposed a decreefo r sending em bassies to the Pe loponnesus and allother parts o f Greece—Dem osthenes says, “
all but to the Red Sea - to sum m on an
Hellenic synod at Athens and inaugurate a general Greek war against
Attic year, 34 7—346(II . I6, I 7). Aristodem us m ust have go ne to Macedo nia earlyin 34 7 ; and en )“ xpéros (Aesch . I I I . 62) co vers nearly a year after the acquittalo fPhilocrates . The new m o vem ent o f Eub ulus and Aeschines 2 1 , b elow) pro b ab lydiverted the m inds o f the people from peace at this tim e (see Dem . X IX . I 2).
1 Cf. X IX . 249, 250 ; Co r. I 29, I 30.
1 Dem . X IX . 246, 24 7 ; Co r. ISO .
3 Dem . X IX . 70 ; cf. Co r. 162 ; Ano n. Vit. Aesch . 3, Ow n. 63 hap s-W ear 7m,“
narefiaat’
p ro¢&vrt xalpert). roiirov Edfiorihq , x. r.A.
See Cic. de Orat. III . 28 : suavitatem Isocrates, sub tilitatem Lysias , acum en
Hyperides. so nitum Aeschines , vim Dem osthenes hab uit.
5 Dem . X IX . 292 .
347 B.C. ] EUBULUS AND AESCH INES .
Philip . This m easure was eloquently suppo rted by Aeschines andwasadopted with enthusiasm . Aeschines brought before the Senate and
Assem bly an actor, Ischander, with whom he had once played, andwhoprofessed to bring reports from friends o f Athens in Arcadia. De
m o sthenes says that Aeschines then professed to he the first Athenianwho had discovered that Philip was plotting against the Greeks and
corrupting leading m en in Arcadia'. Aeschines was one o f the envoys
sen t o ut ; and o n his return from Arcadia he repeated the m any finespeeches which he had m ade in behalf o f Athens before the greatArcadian assem bly called the Ten Thousand (o i ,u ipco l) at Megalo polis ’,where he attacked Hieronym us, a partizan o f Philip, a reputed scholaro f Isocrates, who opposed him Dem osthenes appears to have takenno interest in these em bassies, o fwhich he speaks in a disparaging tone .
He probab ly distrusted any m ovem ent in which m en like Eubulus we rethe leaders , and experience had shown him that the grand plan o f
uniting all Greece in a war against Philip would end in failure and
give Philip fresh encouragem ent fo r conquest. The event provedDem osthenes right . No He l lenic synod m et in Athens, and within a
year Eub u lus and Aeschines were both playing into Philip’s hands. It
m ust b e rem em b e red that the “still ab sent envoys
,who play so im
portant a part in the story o f the peace (as toldby Aeschines in 330fo r whose return Dem osthenes is said to have refused to de lay the
negotiationsforpeace, are these very m essengers o f war‘ .2 2 . But whatever the Athenians m ay have thought o f the jlngo ism
o f Aeschines and Eubulus at this tim e, there can be no doubt that a yearlater (34 7— 346) the prospect o f an honourable peace with Philip wasextrem e ly we lcom e to all sober- m inded m en at Athens. Her recentlosses and disasters secured a favourable hearing for the friendlym essages from Pella. There can be no doubt that Dem osthenes thenfe lt strongly inclined to peace , as a m atter o f policy ; and it is hardly
1 Dem . X IX . I0. 303 . 304 . For Ischander see Harpo cr. , and Schaefer I . 246—248.
1 Doub tless in the Thersilio n , the great hallin which the Arcadian Assem bly m et,adjo ining the theatre o f Megalo polis, excavated b y the British Schoolat Athens inI890—9 I . See Supplem . Papers o f the Hellenic Society I . , with plates.
3 Dem . X IX . I I , with Schol. (p. 344 , Aesch . II . I 57 . See Schaefer I I . I69
I 72 ; Gro te X I . 508 It was o n this m issio n to Arcadia that Aeschines m et
Atrestidas with his Olym pian captives (g I6, ab o ve).
See 5 32 (b elow) ; Aesch . II . 57, b e roo ij Italt oxem ia , 21 Mac, dukin g; per’
l emma” , Italrfir elprjvm ,clroiiro dual 60m in cvM pov , peréxorev . Cf. Aesch. II I .
58, 64 , 68 : tho ugh he now always includes eventualpeace as o ne o f the o b jects , yetrapaxahoiirres Jr ! W et t er (68) stillem phasiz es the ho stile character o f the m issio ns.
246 HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [Feb . ,
possible that he had yet b egun to suspect the crafty schem e by whichpeace with Philip would b e turned to the disgrace o f Athens and the
trium ph o f her bitterest foes ‘. And yet it seem s hardly possible thatthe terrible spectre o f the Sacred War, just beyond the ir borders,should no t have filled allsober Athenians with alarm , especially whenthey rem em bered Philip’s m arch to Therm opylae five years before .
Philip, him se lf, we m ay b e sure, never lost sight o f the priz e whichhad once seem ed within his grasp .
2 3 . Since Philip’s repulse from Therm opylae in 352 , the SacredWar had been waged with increasing bitterness, but with no prospect o fa conclusion . In 35: the death o f Phayllus left the leadership toPhalaecus , son o f Onom archus a m ere boy, who at first had a
guardian and m ilitary adviser, appointed by his uncle Phayllus. The
Thebans were now the chief Oppo nents o f the Phocians, and Boeotiabecam e the chief seat o f war. Ne ither side gained any decisiveadvantage . At one tim e the Phocians he ld three fortresses in Boeotia,Orchom enus (the ancient M inyan stronghold), Coro nea, and Co rsiae .
But the resources o f both parties were now exhausted . The Theban scalled on Philip fo r help ; but he sent on ly a few soldiers, wishing tocheck their Leuctric The Great K ing sent them 300 talen tso f silver. The Phocians had com e to the end o f the De lphic treasure s,after robbing the tem ple o f gold and silver o f the value o f abou t
talents. They received help from various Greek states, including1000 m en fro m Sparta and 2000 from Achaea. It is probable that theirarm y never fe ll below
24 . The Phocians were now anxious lest a new invasion fromThessaly with he lp from Philip m ight suddenly end their power. The irarm y was m u tino us from lack o f pay, and the autho rity over it which re
m ainedwas divided . Envoys were sent to Athens asking he lp, andoffe ringtheAthenians the towns com m anding the pass ofTherm opylae,—Alpo nu s,Thronium , and Nicaea . This offer pleased the Athenians greatly ; andthey ordered Proxenus to take po ssession o f the three towns, and voted
1 A few years later Dem osth . adm its that the Athenians (do ub tless includinghim self) were deceived b y Philip
’
s friendly m essages : cf. X IX . I 2 , re» éxe‘
iflo
dr awehhévrwv or‘
n)’
Ortol'
hv There is no inco nsistency between this judgm entafter the facts and his propo sing a crown fo r Aristodem us when he b rought back o ne
o f these very m essages (Aesch . I I . I 7).1 Biod. XVI . 58 .
3 The Phocian fo rce which surrendered to Philip in 346 num b ered over I0.ooo
see Dem . X IX . 2 30. Fo r the events o f the Phocian war ab o ve b riefly m entioned, see
Schaefer I I . I80— I92 ; Gro te X I . 5 I9—52 I , with the authorities cited.
24s HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [Mama
July. We generally have to depend o n the testim ony o f e ither Dem osthenes or Aeschines, or o n the contradictory statem en ts o f both ; andthese are given in the argum ents o f the lawsuits o f 343 and 330 B.C. , in
which the two witnesses are the Oppo sing speakers . Dem osthenes is,however, fairly entitled to greater credence ; fo r there is no fact statedby him which can be proved to b e positive ly and intentionally false byother evidence , while several o f the strongest statem ents o f Aeschinesare proved to b e absolutely false by his own previous or later accountso f the sam e transactions.
26. We depend chiefly o n Aeschines fo r the accoun t o f the firstem bassy ’ and there is little doubt that, due allowance being m ade fo rexaggerations and prejudiced views o f the behavio ur o f Dem osthenes,this is in general substantially correct . According to this, o n thejourney to Pe lla Dem osthenes m ade him se lf disagreeable to his colleagues, and boasted loudly o f the way in which he m eant to stopPhilip’s m outh ’. The envoys went by land to Oreus, in the north o f
Euboea, and thence by sea to Halus, o n the south side o f the Gulf o fPagasae , a town claim ed by Athens as an ally ’ . Parm enio , Philip
’
s
general, was then besieging Halus, which Philip wanted to give to hisfriends the Pharsalians . The em bassy passed through the Macedoniancam p to Pagasae, Larissa, and Pella
‘. On arriving at Pe lla, the envoys
were courteously rece ived by Philip at a form al interview,in which they
addressed the king in the order o f their ages, Dem osthenes speakinglast, directly after Aeschines. Aeschines says nothing o f the speecheswhich preceded his ; but he devotes the greater part o f his story to hisown e loquen t argum ent, in which (as he says) he m ade a powerfulappeal to Philip in defence o f the right o f Athens to Am phipolis,rem inding him o f the early history o f the town, and going back to thechildren o f Theseus. He spoke o f the appointm ent o f Iphicrates as
the Athenian com m ander there, and rem inded Philip o f the occasion
1 See Aesch . II . 20—43. The acco unt o f the two em b assies to Philip and o f the
nego tiatio ns fo r peace is given in Gro te X I . Ch . 89, and Schaefer I I . Buch 3, Ch . 5,
Buch 4 , Ch. I and no further generalreferences to thes e willb e necessary . As the
first em bassy had no power to nego tiate , the details o f its co nduct are less im portant.3 Aesch . II . at (567 6 dr oppdwew rb { nu t t er} 07 6/4a. dhocxofmp dflpbxqr, Ire would
sew up Iris m aul/I m it/I an u nm arked ruslr, i. e . with no. great tro ub le .
1 Philip tho ught it necessary to specify in his propo sed term s o f peace that Halusshould b e excluded from the allies o f Athens : see Dem . X IX . I 59, 1 74 , and g 33(b elow).
Strabo , p . 433 ; Dem . X IX . I63 : dn’
jpav but rofi t ohqdov crparefluaror. Thissiege o f Halus , after nego tiations for peace were begun, illustrates Dem . Co r. 26.
346 B.C. ] RETURN OF FIRST EMBASS I’.
when his m other, Eurydice , placed him with his brother PerdiCCas (bothchildren) o n the knees o f Iphicrates, and begged the general to treat hertwo bo ys with brotherly affection, as their father Am yntas had adoptedhim as a so n . This harangue about a m atter which had been settledm ore than ten years shows howAeschines failed to see the real questionsat issu e, or possibly how b e carefully avoided allquestions which itwould b e unpleasant to Philip to discuss, i. e . all real questions. He
co uld hardly have im agined that Philip would allowhis title to Am phipolisto b e called in question at this tim e .
2 7 . Aeschines then describes the appearance o f Dem osthenes beforePhilip . He was (we are told) so em barrassed that he could hardly uttera wo rd ; and after a few vain attem pts to speak , he b ecam e silent.Philip encouraged him and tried to re lieve his em barrassm en t, b utallinvain . He rem ained speechless, and the herald conducted the em bassyfrom the royal presence . This accoun t is pro bably m uch exaggerated ;but it is hardly po ssible that the whole story is an invention . Grote isprobably right in thinking that Dem osthenes was taken with a kind o f
stage fright when he sudden ly fo und him se lf form ally addressing theking whom he had so often denounced, and when he was probablyinsu lted by the officers o f Philip who were in attendance at the palaceo n this cerem onious o ccasion ,
so that he m ay we ll have been physicallyunable to speak ‘. It is significant that Dem osthenes does no t m entionhis own speech or that o f Aeschines . Philip soon recalled the em bassy,and replied to the ir argum ents, especially tho se o f Aeschines, bu t m adeno allusion to Dem osthenes“. He ended -his address with the usualassurances o f friendship. Most o f the envoys were struck by the dignity,wit, and gracious m anners o f Philip, and by his skill in replying to whathad just been said to him ’
.
28. The returning envoys arrived in Athens about the first ofElaphebolion (March 28) 346 B. e .
‘ They m ade the ir regular reports
1 Gro te X I. 530. Schaefer (II . 202—205) has little faith in the whole tale o f
Aeschines ab o ut the interview with Philip. Strangely eno ugh Dem o sthenes (X IX . 2 53)reports Aeschines as telling the Assem b ly (apparently o n his return from the firstem b assy) that he said no thing to Philip ab o ut Am phipo lis , b ut left the subject toDem o sthenes . It seem s incredible that Aeschines co uld have repudiated a speech
just m ade , which a few years later he repo rts at length, partly verbatim ; and equallyincredible that Dem o sthenes co uld fo rget o r o verloo k such an o ccasion as his firstinterview with Philip. The evidence here is co nflicting, b ut unim po rtant.
1 Plutarch (Dem . I6) says that Philip replied to Dem osthenes nerd t heta-
m s
it m ehefar !
1 Aesch . I I . 4 I—43 : cf. 5 1 , 52 .
See §25 (ab o ve), n . 7, and 29 (b elow).
2 50 HISTORICAL SKE TCH. [Aprilr
to the Senate and the Assem bly ; and they rece ived the regular co m
plim entary votes and the invitation to dinner in the Prytaneum , o n the
m otion o f Dem osthenes as senator. They brought hom e a letter fromPhilip, expressing great friendship and his hope o f both peace and
alliance ‘. There can b e no doubt that Dem osthenes re turned fullypersuaded that som e peace should b e m ade as soon as possible, to settlethe im portant questions which the war kept open ’. Down to this tim e
—in fact , until the nineteenth o f Elaphebolion— he had no suspicion o f
the loyalty and political honesty o f Aeschines '. There can b e littledoubt that Philo crates was already secured for Philip’s in terest ; and itwas no t long before Aeschines (perhaps honestly at firs t) was actingwith him to gain Philip
’s ends .
29. Im m ediate ly after the return o f the em bassy, Dem osthenesproposed two decrees in the Senate to secure peace at the earliestm om ent . The Great Dionysiac festival was appro aching, during whichallpublic business would b e suspended. These decrees enacted thatsafe - conduct should be granted to Philip’s envoys and herald , who werenow o n their way to Athens, and that the Prytanes should call a specialm eeting o f the Assem bly, to b e held o n the eighth o f Elaphebolion
(April 5) if Philip’
s em bassy should then have arrived, to discuss term s
o f peace . The envoys cam e too late fo r this day but after the ir arrivalDem osthenes proposed another decree appointing the e ighteenth and
nineteenth o f Elaphebolion (April I 5 and I6) fo rtwo m eetings, in whichboth peace andal liance with Philip should b e considered . Itwas furthervoted that the first m eeting should be given to debate, and that in thesecond the votes should b e taken without discussion ‘. The usual resultfollowed, and speeches were m ade in both m eetings.
30. The two m eetings were he ld o n the appointed days, after theDionysia. The Macedonian envoys, Antipater, Parm enio, and probablyEurylochus, were present during a part o f the sessions“. Dem osthenes,
1 Aesch . II . 4 5 , 46, 50 ; Dem . X IX . 40, 4 1 .
Aesch . I II . 63 : xdxe'
iflev éravfixwr élrawém r 1)v rijs elprjm r,
3 Dem . X IX . I 3 : no). 446p roG defip’Gr aveAOei
‘
v dirt) rfir t pu'
rrm u peafielas
8te¢0¢puévor m lt erpaxdn éavrév ad un u . The rem ainder o f X IX . I 2—I6shows his
Opinion after his eyes were opened.
Aesch . I I I . 63, 66—68 : cf. II . 54 , 65, I09 . See 5 36, b elow.
Dem . X IX . 69 gives Antipater and Parm enio : the 2nd Argum ent to X IX .
(p. adds Eurylochus. It is hardly po ssible that the fo reign envo ys werepresent during the discussion o f the term s o f peace : this is shown b y takeo ut robs
rpécpm , x1x. I 44 .
252 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH [ApriL
ground now could Aeschines, who had been o ne o f the em bassy whichinvited Philip’s envoys to Athens to negotiate a peace , dem and aftertheir arrival that alln egotiations should b e suspended until the re turn o f
envoys who had been ab sen t m ore than a year stirring up hostility againstPhilip, and hadshown no signs o f re turning or reporting P These
“absent
envoys ”were pure inventions. Aeschines declares positive ly that no t
o ne o f them had re turned when the peace was m ade , and Dem osthenesthat there was no em bassy then out ‘. This con tradiction can b e
reconciled only by the explanation given by Dem o sthenes, that all theGreeks had long ago been tried and found wanting, —in fact , thatAthenscould find no states ready to join her in resisting Philip ”. Aeschinesexpressed the sam e opinion in 343 B.C.
’ It is evident that Aeschinesuses the word Irpe
’
o fla s in a very wide sense his envoys were probablyin great part no t am bassadors with regular com m issions, who we reexpected to report form ally to the Senate and Assem b ly, but inform al
m essengers, who were asked to sound public opinion in various states,to which m any o f them m ay have been going on business o f their own ,
with the understanding that no reports were expected unless they hadsom e m essage o f im portance to give . It is m ost pro bable that no
reports had been m ade sim ply because there were no favourable re
spo nses to report, and that no delay o f the peace wo uld have changedthis result. At the sam e tim e , it is no t surprising that the as sem bledallies, who knew little o f the facts, were m ade to believe (as their voteshows) that de lay m ight bring som e new states to join in the peace‘.
33 . We have the m ost contradictory accounts from the two orators
1 Aesch . I I . 58. 59 ; Dem . Co r. 23°r 7
. See no te on the last passage , and the
whole o f Cor. 20 and 24 . It is said in Dem . X IX . I6, to which Aesch . I I . 58, 59is a reply , that Aeschines spo ke o n the lgth o f Elapheb olion in the presence o f
envoys (:rpéafiwr) obs drrdrl‘
r
‘
w'
E7t)t:jvm pern ipdvaafle are roar-on r ewOén -
es. Thisseem s to show that so m e states had sent envo ys in respo nse to the invitations o f the
previo us year, who were actually present when the peace was m ade . But it is hardly
credible that any state co uld have b een so far influenced b y the Athenian em bassies ,
which Dem o sthenes (Co r. 23) says were allfailures , as actually to send envo ys to thepropo sed Hellenic synod at Athens, which never had even a prospect o f m eeting .
Schaefer (II . 2 I 5) suggests with great pro b ab ility that these “envoys ” were Ocu pal
sent b y certain states to the Dio nysiac festival, who rem ained in Athens to watch thenego tiations fo r peace . Such visito rs m ight have b rought info rm alm essages from
ho m e in response to the Athenian pro po sals o f the previo us year. In this case
Dem osthenes uses rpéafielr in as m isleading a sense as Aeschines .
2 Dem . Co r. 23 .
1 Aesch. II . 79.
Ib id. II . 60.
346B.C. ] D ISCUSSI ON OF TERM S OF PEACE . 253
o f the proceedings in the two m ee tings o f the Assem bly . In the first,o n the eighteenth o f Elaphebolion (April the Macedon ian envoysappeared before the people and stated plainly and firm ly the term s o n
which Philip would m ake peace . These were, in general, éxare’
povs a‘
l’
Exow lv Zxa v, uli possidetis ; that is, no questions were to b e raised as to
Phil ip’s right to any o f the places which he had taken from Athens and
still he ld, o f course including Am phipolis ‘. It was also stated thatPhilip would nOt recogniz e as allies o f Athens e ither the Hallans
(whom he was b esieging) or the Phocians“. In conform ity with these
announcem ents, probably after Philip’s am bassadors had withdrawn,Philo crates, who was now acting in harm ony with them
,proposed a
form al decree , establishing peace and alliance be tween Philip and his
allies andAthens and her allies, excepting the Hallans and PhociansIt is evident that the clause excluding the Halians and Phocians washeard by m ost o f the Athenians with surprise and alarm . It signifiedplainly that Philip would do , in spite o f the peace, the very thing whichitwas supposed the peace would prevent, that is, pas s Therm 0pylae and
overwhe lm the Phocians with the he lp o f the Thebans, while Athenswould have her hands tied by the peace. Dem osthenes now had his
eyes thoroughly opened . Though he had favoured and even urgedpeace, as preferable to disastrous war, he was no advocate o f peace at
any price, and he now saw that the price was to b e to o high ‘ . He
strongly opposed the m otion o f Philocrates , and advocated “ the resolutio n o f the allies,
” which was, according to Aeschines, favoured by
him self and all the other speakers in the first assem bly“. FromAeschines, who appears to be no t yet in the com ple te confidence o f
Philo crates and the Macedon ian envoys, we have a final burst o f exaltedpatriotism . As Dem osthenes reports him , he declared that, though hethought a peace should b e m ade, he would never advise Athens tom ake the peace proposed by Philo crates so long as a single Athen ian
1[Dem . ] V I I . 26: W I 6
’
(sc. Q ih rrros)’Au¢lr ohtr éavrofi dear was yap
W enc h ; éxefvov elven lxew aim )? d elz er. See Schol. o n VII. I 8
(p . 6c oxpdrns b rq'
i” depart yéypa¢er éxarépovs dlxovaw (xetv, xaptj'
fmevo s
h klrrrp 1m m “
yap dhhorpta Apr-duet.
1 Schaefer I I . 2 25. Cf. Just. V III . 4 .
3 Dem . X IX . I 59 and 32x (quo ted 5 35, no te I), with 278. The m o tio n o f
Philocrates in the Assem bly presuppo ses so m e previo us autho rity granted by the Senatesee Schaefer II . 2 25, n . 2 .
Dem . X IX . 96: flovhevojuérwr badly or} r ep! rofi elr omréov elprjm v It); (édédoxro
yepM refiré r
ye), dhh’
burp 7 09 r ota» fwd.
Aesch . III . 7 I .
254 HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH [April,
was left alive ‘. Finally, o n the m otion o f Dem osthenes, the Assem blyrejected the proposition o f Philo crates and adopted what was called theresolution o f the allies, whose regular synod (avn
’
Spro r) was then in
session at Athens . The Macedonian envoys were then recal led and
inform ed o f this action“.
34 . It is som ewhat uncertain what is here m eant by “the resolutiono f the allies (76 76v e vapéxwv We have two accounts o f thisfrom Aeschines‘. In o ne he m entions only a clause recom m ending a
postponem ent o f the discussion about peace until the re turn o f theabsen t envoys but the fact that the discussio n was going o n bygeneral consent m akes it im possible that this clause was advocated b y“allthe speakers in the form er Assem bly. In the other he m entions arecom m endation that only peace , and no t alliance, should b e discussedbut this b e deduces from the entire om ission o f the word “alliance in
the resolution, and i t is obvious that neither Dem osthenes nor alltheother speakers could have opposed alliance ‘. He there m entions alsothe proposed provision that three m onths should be allowed, after them aking o f the peace , in which any Greek state m ight claim the ad
vantages o f the peace and b e recorded o n the sam e colum n with Athensand her allies“. This is the on ly part o f the resolution which had any
significance whatever o n that day ; and it m ust be this, and ”11'
s alone,
which was adopted by the Assem bly. This provision , if it were grantedby Philip, would ensure the safe ty o f the Phocians for they could thenhave claim ed the protection o f the peace as Greeks, without beingrecogniz ed by Philip as allies o f Athens. This im portant provision,supported, as it appears, by the autho rity o f the synod o f allies, wasadvocated by Dem osthenes, as the only substitute fo r the fatal proposition o f Philocrates which was at all like ly to b e accepted by theAssem bly“. Aeschines says that the general opinion, when the first
Dem . x1x . I 3—I6.
2 Ib id. I 44 : xparoiivros £1400rip Irporépar iméplw, m l r et etrbror I'
mt'
is rd raw
o vmsdxwv 667m xvpfr‘
lo'at x21 saliva: rot): rpéaflets rout rel? watts -
r ov.
Aesch . I I . 60 and I II . 69, 70.
Aesch . II I . 68, 7 I .
Aesch . III . 70: éfe‘
ivat rep“
flovhopémp riiw EAR-throw iv rptalanal: els rip ar
’
trip
amok-
qr draye'
ypdwat per’240177 0107 Ital neréxew ré
‘
a Spat-w Ital rda awomré'
w. Adecree o f 378
—377 D.C. in C . I . Att. II . no . I 7 pro vides fo ra sim ilar inscription upon
a err-
db ) (ll. 69 cf: 66 rip a'njhrju rat
’rm v dva‘
ypddm u ré’
w re 1 67m l»
ovm xldwv rd dubm ra xal [fijrtr dM -
n afiuuaxos
See Dem . X IX . I 44 (quo ted ab o ve , no te The skill o f Dem osthenes in
persuading the Assem bly to adopt this pro po sition, which com pletely nullified the
propositio n o f Philocrates , even if this passed with the excluding clause , is hardly
2 56 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [ApriL
Thessalians by publicly recogniz ing the Phocians, he would still, whenthe
'
peace gave him greater freedom o f action , do allthat Athens couldask o f him
‘
36. It is im possible to determ ine precisely what was said or doneby Aeschines and Dem osthenes in the second m eeting o f the Assembly,in which the peace was actually voted . Nowhere are our two witnessesm ore hopelessly at odds . Dem osthenes says that Aeschines, after hise loquent speech the day before , protesting vehem ently against them otion o f Philo crates, now told the people no t to rem em ber theirancestors nor to listen to stories o f ancient sea- fights and trophies, butto enact that they wo uld no t he lp any o ne who had no t previouslyhelped Athens (m eaning the Instead o f sim ply denyingthat he m ade such a speech and proving his denial by witnesses,Aeschines undertakes to show that he cou ld no t have spoken at allon
the second day because by the decree o f Dem osthenes no speecheswere to b e m ade o n that day !
“ But this argum ent (in 343 B.C. ) is
answered by his own account thirteen years late r o f a speech m ade byDem osthenes in that very m eeting. He repeats what he calls a
“dis
agreeable m e taphor ” then used by Dem osthenes,‘ that we m ust no t
wreue/I of (dr oppr‘
jéar) alliance from peace . Dem osthenes (he says) thencalled o n Antipater form ally to answer a question, doubtless conce rn ingPhilip’s unwillingness to m ake peace without alliance , which Antipateranswered, probably reaffirm ing Philip
’
s refusal ‘ . Aeschines cal ls thiscollusion with Philocrates.
”
3 7. Though Aeschines denies so stou tly that no o ne could havespoken in the second m eeting , he further recounts a speech o f his own,
which m ust have been the o ne to which Dem osthenes alludes, in whichhe says he advised the people to rem em ber the glorious deeds o f theirancestors, but to forget their m istakes, like the Sicilian expedition and
the de lay in ending the Peloponnesian war“. But he m aintains thatthis speech was m ade in the first m eeting, and that he m ade but o nespeech in the discussion ,
which Dem osthenes has divided . When weconsider that o ur testim ony com es from the two opposing orators at the
trial o f Aeschines, and m ake allpossible allowance for exaggeration and
1 See quo tatio ns in the preceding no te .
1‘ Dem . X IX . I6.
3 Aesch . II . 63—66: sec end o f g 29 (ab o ve).
Aesch . III . 7 I . 72 .
See Aesch . I I . 74—77, where the substance o f the speech is given . An histo rical
m istake is m ade in 76, where he says that the Sicilian expedition was sent after the
fo rtificatio n o fDecelea b y the Spartans
346B.C. ] SECOND EMBASSY SENT TO PH ILIP . 257
m isrepresentation, we m ust adm it that Aeschines reports his speechm ore fairly than Dem osthenes. Butwhen we weigh the testim ony as tothe date o f the speech which Aeschines reports, we m ust decide that itwas delivered on the second day, as Dem osthenes declares . Eubulusfinally threw the we ight o f his dignity and influence into the scale, andtold the people plainly that they m ust e ither accept the term s proposedby Philocrates and advocated by Aeschines or m an their fleet, levy a
war tax, and use their festival fund to pay soldiers ‘. We have no statem ent o f the final position of Dem osthenes except his assurance that atthe second m eeting b e opposed Philocrates (whom the people at firstrefused to hear) and tried to am end his proposition for the peace“, stilladvocating the resolution o f the allies adopted the day before . He putno trust in the flattering assurances o f Athenians like Philocrates, whoprofessed to speak for the absent Philip while his own am bassadors weresilent. Bu t he was probably m ade m ore hopeful by the refusal o f thepeople to exclude the Phocians by nam e, which left Athens free to act ;and he perhaps trusted in the power o f Athens to stop Philip again at
Therm opylae if he should attem pt to force the pass after the ratificationof the peace “. There is no reason to doubt that he did his best, fightingalm ost single - handed in a desperate strait .
38. The peace o f Philocrates, thus voted by the Athenian Assem blyo n the nine teenth o f Elaphebolion (April I6), 346 B.C. , ended theAm phipolitan War, which was begun in 357 . A few weeks later, theaged Isocrates sent to Philip his address called (MAI -n o s, in which heexpressed his joy at the peace and his hopes o f m uch good to resultfrom Philip’s leadership.
A few days after the peace was voted, the sa me ten am bassadors,with Aglao creo n as representative o f the allies ‘, were appointed toreturn to Macedonia and rece ive the oaths o f Philip and his allies to
the peace and alliance. In an Assem bly he ld o n the twenty- fifth o f
Elapheb olion, in which Dem osthenes presided“, it was voted that the
1 Dem . xrx. 29x.
Ib id. I 5 : Error? re'
i rcsu avnudxwr awrryopofivros dor
m e r: Italrhu elpfim v firm
for) Ital Ju nta ‘
yém rat f pa'
rrovros. Cf. 292 : 010p dur’(an: awéfln 7 9 40041 : rip
derivin1 The rather m ixed feelings o f Dem o sthenes at this tim e appear in X IX . I 5o
“4‘p ror’
rrou 7 c (the departure o f Philip’
s envoys) oddév dn jxea'
ror 1)v rd’
wr er pa'
yuh wr,
dhh’alaxpd ab 1) elpljm xaldrafts rr
‘
is r bhem , der! a: redraw rd flavudata 47 202
47747: luehher Co ntact.
1 Dem . X IX . I63—I65 ; Aesch . I I . 97, I 26. See Schaefer II . 240.
Dem o sthenes was stillsenator ; and he was the o ne o f the nine rpéedpm (cho sen
each m o rning by the irtardrm o f the Prytanes from the senators o f the nine other
C. D .
2 58 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [Arm—June .
representatives o f the allies o f Athens then present in the synod shouldtake the oath o n that day before the Macedonian envo ys in the nam e o f
their respective states ‘. The Phocians were probab ly no t represen tedin the synod : otherwise the whole question o f their adm ission to theoaths would have b een raised and finally decided at this tim e . Whe therCerso bleptes, the Thracian king, whose friendship Athens valued, wasrepresented in the o ath - taking or no t, cannot b e determ ined. In e ithercase, he was excluded from the treaty by Philip
,and his country in
Thrace had been occupied by Philip’s troops o n the day before the
o aths were taken at Athens“
39. As Aeschines gives us our chief account o f the first em bassy, soDem osthenes te lls the story o f the second“. When the oaths had b eentaken , Dem osthenes urged his colleagues o n the em bassy to set o u t withallspeed to adm inister the oaths to Philip, knowing we ll that eve ry daym ight b e o f the greatest im portance to Athens. Philip was allthis tim e
vigoro usly pressing his conquests in Thrace, after Athens had tied herhands by m aking the peace . As his entreaties availed nothing, heprocured (3rd o f M unychion ,
April 29) a decree o f the Senate (which thepeople had em powered to act untilthe next Assem bly), directing the
em bassy to depart at once , and ordering Pro xenus, who stillkept hisflee t north o f Eu boea, to co nvey them to Philip, wherever he m ight b e
“.
In defiance o f this vote, the em bassy first waited a long tim e at Orcusin Eub o ea“; and then , instead o f sailing with Proxenus, travelled by a
trib es) to who m it cam e b y lo t to preside in the Senate o r the Assem bly, as Ga to r-rim s
rawrpoébpwv . See Aesch . I I . 82 , I I I . 73 , 74 .
1 Aesch . I I . 82— 85 .
1 See Dem . X IX . I 74 ; Aesch . II . 90. Aeschines tells us (in I I I . 73 , 74 and
II . 83 , 84 ) two directly o ppo site sto ries o f the exclusion o f Cerso bleptes fro m the
o aths ; o ne , that he had no delegate in the synod and therefo re was excluded ; the
o ther that a perso n claim ing to b e his representative was adm itted o n a m o tio n put to
vo te b y the o therrpbebpot afterDem o sthenes had refused (as ém o ra’
rm )to take the vo te .
The Spelling Kepaeflhér r'
qroccurs in a newly fo undDelphic inscriptio n o fabo ut 350 B.C.
See Bull. de Co rresp. Hellen . I 896, pp. 466—496. See also C . I . Att. Iv . 2 , no . 65, o.
1 We have in Dem . X IX . a clear and fullacco unt o f the seco nd em b assy and
its disastro us results, generally in the following order: I 50— r73 , I 7
—66; and in
Co r. 25— 2 7, 30
—36, a b rie f b ut graphic résum é o f the sam e events , so m ewhat
m odified by the changes o f the past thirteen years . Tho ugh Aeschines denies so m e
o f the details , he says no thing which b reaks the force o f the clear and straightfo rward
statem ents o fDem o sthenes .
Dem . xlx . I 54 .
Dem o sthenes is said by Aeschines (II . 89) to have charged him with waiting in
Orcus to secure appo intm ents as rpéfeuor. fo r him self and som e o f his colleagues ,
r pofeufar xaraas evaféaevo: (ywéaevor Irpbferm , This is co nfirm ed by Dem .
260 HISTORICAL SKE TCH . Dune, July,
m uch o f his tim e to procuring the re lease o f the Athenian captives whowere still in Philip’s hands. He lent severalo f these the m oney neededfo r the ir ransom ,
which he later refused to receive back when Philipre leased the other prisoners without ransom ‘
.
4 1 . When the tim e cam e fo r Philip to swear to the peace, the
m ajority o f the em bassy supported Philocrates andAeschines in allowinghim fo rm ally to exclude the Phocians, the Halians, and Cerso bleptes
from the recogniz ed allies o f Athens . In the sam e way the Cardians
were later accepted as allies o f Philip“. In fact,Dem osthenes was
generally outvoted in the de liberations o f the em b assy“. The em bassyrefused by vote to send to Athens a letter written by Dem osthenes, andsent one o f the ir own with a different accoun t o f their doings ‘ . Dem osthenes hired a vessel to take him hom e alo ne ; but Philip forbade himto depart“. In this state o f things we can easily believe what Aeschinessays, that no o ne would willingly m ess with Dem osthenes or lodge at
the sam e inn with him “.
4 2 . After Philip had sworn to the peace , the em bassy had no
further pretext fo rwasting tim e at Pel la. They had been instructed alsoto adm inister the oaths to Philip’s allies in their respective cities ; butnothing like this had yet been done ’. Here Dem osthenes m akes a
downright charge o f corruption against Philip, that o f bribing the
em bassy to wait until his arm y was ready to m arch to Therm o pylae“
Allwas now ready . Then fo llowed a m ost disgraceful and hum iliatingspectacle . Philip m arched forth from his capital with his arm y fo r theinvasio n o fGreece , the result o fwhich— whether he favoured the Thebansor the Phocians— m ust b e the hum iliation o f a proud people ; and in histrain followed m eekly (with o ne exceptio n) an Athenian em bassy whichhad basely b etrayed the interests o f Athens . There followed also a
band o f Phocian suppliants, who m u st now have known that the downfall o f their race was im pending. When they arrived at Pherae, the
1 Dem . X IX . I69, rm .
1 Ib id. 4 4 : ix roO, are rel): 6pxovs fluehhe fi lter-
t or daytim e r epi riis eiprjr‘
qs,
lxalrbvdovs dr o¢au0fivat robs wwxéar t'
rt o rofirwu . Cf. 2 78 : or} re per 5017112407442’
A017valo tr Italro i’
r’A017u a fwv a uuudxo u ,
ofiroc be <I’trnréus éxarrévdovrdré¢nvav ,
and I 74 . Fo r the Gardians see V . 25, V I I I . 66; and 6I (b elow). Fo r the MWO’
MG
see 35 (ab o ve), andDem . X IX . 159 .
Dem . X IX . I 73 . Ib id. I 74 .
Ib id. 5 1 , 32 3. Aesch . II . 97 .
7 Dem . X IX . 2 78 : of: rd My M¢waa robs dpxovras 6pxoiiu rods éu rai'
s wéheaw,
ofrro: or00: <I>Dtt1rlros atirai‘
s rpoaér ew/ze, rod-
rov: t3joa
Dem . Co r. 32 : dve'
l‘
ra: r ap’
(26e 61m mp i; dr iller .
346 B.C. ] RE TURN OP THE SECOND EMBASS Y. 26x
long- neglected duty o f adm inistering the oath to Philip’s allies—or
rather to those whom Philip sawfit to sum m on as their representativeswas perform ed in a tavern, “in a m anner which was disgraceful andunworthy o f Athens,
”as Dem o sthenes adds ‘.
43 . After this cerem ony the em bassy returned to Athens witho utm ore de lay, arriving o n the thirteen th o f Scirophorion (July afteran absence o f about ten weeks. When they arrived, Philip was alreadyat Therm opylae, negotiating with the Phocians for a peaceab le surrendero f the pass“. This was j ust what Philip had planned : the Athenianshad now little tim e to consider whether they should send a flee t todefend Therm opylae , andhe trusted to the quieting reports o f his friendso n the em bassy to prevent any hostile action. The schem e workedperfectly. A tem porary obstruction was caused by the report o f Dem osthenes to the Senate. There he told the plain truth, that Philip was atthe gates o f He llas, ready to attack the Phocians ; and he urged thatan expedition should even then be sent to Therm opylae with the fiftytrirem es which were kept ready for such an em ergency. The Senatebe lieved Dem osthenes, and passed a vote expressing their approvalo f his conduct . They insulted the em bassy in an unprecedented m anner,by om itting the custom ary vote o f thanks and the invitation to dine inthe Prytaneum '
.
44 . But Philocrates and Aeschines had planned their schem e tooartfully to b e thus thwarted ; and in the Assem bly o f the sixteenth o f Scir0phorio n, probably held the dayafter the m eeting o f the Senate , allwaschanged. Here Dem osthenes found a body o f his enem ies , who wou ldno t perm it him to b e heard or the vote o f the Senate to b e read ‘ .Aeschines at once took the platform
,and easily carried the m ee ting
with him by disclosing the private inform ation about Philip’s real planswhich (he said) Philip had confided to him at Pella. He adm itted thatPhilip was at
.
Therm opylae with his arm y ; but he assured the peoplethat, if they would stay at hom e qu ietly two or three days, they wouldhear that Phil ip was besieging Thebes, restoring the sm aller Boeotiantowns to independence , and com pe lling the Thebans (no t the Phocians)to pay fo r the treasure stolen from Delphi. He repeated the advice
1 Dem . X Ix. I 5S.
1 Ib id. 58. From the 3rd o f Munychio n , when the Senate directed the em bassyto depart (see 5 to the l3th o f Sciro pho rio n is 69 days. We do no t know how
so o n the o rder o f the Senate was o beyed.
1 Ib id. I S, 3 I , 32 ; and 32 2 , rijv dé M afi a {Get sulfide s rip: 212 rd:“fi rst, ifa! Irevrrjxovra rptflpets 8M I iM p/Low . See Co r. 32
7 - 9.
1 Dem . X IX . 2 3, 35 .
262 H ISTOR I CAL SKE TCH . [July,
which (he said) he had given to Philip, forwhich a price had been set
o n his head at Thebes. He also im plied that Euboea was to be givento Athens as a recom pense for Am phipolis, and hinted o b scurelv at a
restitution o f Oropus to Athens ‘. Then Philip’
s le tter was read, fu llo f general friendliness, but containing absolute ly nothing abou t thePhocians and no prom ises o f anykind . Dem osthenes charges Aeschineswith be ing the writer o f this le tter“. After the astounding disclosuresm ade by Aeschines, it is no t strange that Dem osthenes could gain no
hearing, and that the people fe lt hopeful and happy, proud o f the
diplom atic trium ph o f Aeschines and convinced that Dem osthenes wasa hopeless grum bler'.
45. In this tem per the Assem bly was ready to vote alm ost any
thing which would m ake it easy for Philip to carry o ut his b eneficent
plan . A decree was passed, o n the m o tion o f Philo crates, publiclythanking Philip fo r his friendly prom ises, extending the peace and
alliance to posterity, and (what was m o re im portant) enacting that , ifthe Phocians still refused to surrender the tem ple “to the Am phictyons,
”
the Athen ians would com pe l them to do so by fo rce“. They thenappointed ten am bassadors , chiefly m em b ers o f the previous em bassies,to report these proceedings to Philip at Therm opylae . Dem osthenes atonce refused to go o n this em bassy . Aeschines m ade no objection at
the tim e ; b ut afterwards, when it was thought that his presence inAthens would be im portant at the com ing crisis
,b e excused him self o n
the gro und o f illness, and his brother, probably Apho b etus, went in hisplace“.Soon afterwards cam e two letters from Philip , inviting the Athenians
to send a force to join him at Therm opylae“. As Dem osthenes shows,1 Dem . X IX . I9
—2 2 , 35, 74 , 2 20, 324—32 7 ; Co r. 35 ; V. 9, I0 ; VI . 30 ; cf. Aesch .
I I. I 36. The o b scure language o f Aeschines (I I . I 2 I ) mix 62 1 43h fl d’
uafl lab or finds
e’
njvet is rightly explained b y Schae fer (II . 269 n . ) as m eaning that it was not 190a
m ere dem e (as after the first em bassy) that Dem ostlreu es expressed Iris approvalqf u s .
This appro val”consisted in a sarcastic rem ark , of": I'm he , trier-r ep 6e error , all-rm
iv rdi r apes-r: Ill-yew, d M’ere? arr-M o la rdaew o u (I 22), i. e . Dem osthenes im plied that
Aeschines’
s address to Philip far outdid’ (in eno rm ity) his acco unt o f it to the
Assem bly.
1 Dem . X IX . 36—4 I .
1‘ Ib id. 23 , 24 .
1 Ib id. 48—50 : here it is said o f the so - called Am phictyons , r otors; cl} yap ricer
whi p Onfla'
ioc ItalOerraXot'
.
Ib id. I 2 I— I 24 (see 5 47, b elow).1 Ib id. 5 I , 52 : t
im e-roller 860 xahoria'
aswas, m ix Iv eféM o I-
re . See Aesch . II . I 37
up?» be of": tr eat/lo érwrohijv 6TIAC‘I’
TOS’ iftérat rdap rfi bovine: ficndfla o vra s r o is
b urn to I s ; to kelp Me eause of justice
264 H ISTOR ICAL SKETCH [346
tidings, and voted, on the m otio n o f Callisthenes, to rem ove the wom en
and children from the country into protected towns or fortresses, to putthe Piraeus and the forts in a state o f defence , and to hold the com ingfestival o f the Heraclea, usually he ld in the country, within the citywalls ‘. Such a panic had no t been known in Athens since the last dayso f the Pe loponnesian War. They also voted to send to Philip the sam e
em bassy which had returned from Chalcis, with instructions to watchthe proceedings o f the Am phictyonic Council, which Philip was ex
pected to sum m on at once“. The Athenians were no t on ly in greatalarm , b u t in absolu te uncertainty about Philip’s next step. He m ighteven join the Thebans in a m arch upon Athens ; and the road wasOpen . Even Aeschines adm its the bitter disappointm ent at Athens andthe b itter feeling against the am bassado rs“.
Soon after the surrender o f the Phocians, Philip addressed a diplom atic letter to the Athenians, evidently in an apologe tic tone , deprecatingtheir indignation at his unexpected course , and trying to conciliate themby assurances o f his continued friendship . As Dem osthenes says, it waswritten really to inform the Thebans and Thessalians that he was actingdirectly against the wishes and the hopes o f Athens
“.
48.
'
lhe em bassy soon departed o n its new m issio n by way o f
Thebes. Aeschines had now no fear o f the Thebans o r o f the pricethey hadset upon his head“. They arrived at Philip’s cam p just in tim e
to be presen t at the festivities with which he and the Thebans werece lebrating the joyo us co nclusion o f the war and the ir trium ph over thesacrilegious Phocians and they appear to have had no scruples against
1 Dem . X IX . 86, Co r. 36; Aesch . I II . 80. Aesch . II . I 39 says éaxeva ‘
ytbynaav ix
rliiv dypliiv, Irpeafleuovros éuo i) riyu rplrmr flan rpeofielau, fro m which Schaefer (II . 293 ,n . 3) infers that the decree was no t passed until after the next departure o f the
em bassy (5 But Dem . X IX . I 25 im plies clearly that the decree was passed either
at the m eeting in the Piraeus or im m ediately afterwards : and the wo rds o f Aesch .
state o nly that the execution (no t the passage ) o f the decree followed his departure .
1 Aesch . II . 95 : rpoaauayxdfouros roii dfiuo v mydéu firrou rpeafietietv finds. Thisseem s to im ply a reappo intm ent o f the em b assy, and this agrees with Dem . X IX . I 72 ,
61 ! Ti p rplrrjv t peafielav 612 ae xetporounadvrwv li
pase 613 ép oadmyu . III X IX . 1 26
Dem o sthenes charges Aeschines with go ing o n this em bassy witho ut any autho rityat all.
1 Dem . X IX . 328 :‘
ye‘yove rd Irpd
'
yaara rdvfl’
tiiarrep ab t‘m a rii r ohet. Aesch .
I II . 80.
See Dem . Co r. 39, 40, with no tes .
Dem . X IX . 2 I , I 27 . We have o nly the repeated autho rity o f Dem osthenes
(see 5 44 , ab o ve) fo r the repo rted statem ent o f Aeschines o n this po int.
B.C. ] P UNISHMENT OF THE PH OCIANS . 265
joining in the ce leb ration ‘. Philip had him se lf accepted the surrender
o f the Phocians o n condition that Phalaecus with his 8000 m ercenariesshould be allowed to depart whithersoever they pleased ; and they withdrew to Peloponnesus”. But the Phocian peo ple were handed over to afar less m erciful power. Philip had entered Phocis as the cham pion o f
Apollo, whose violated tem ple he was to restore to its rightful guardians,the Am phictyonic Council . He therefo re lost no tim e in calling a
m eeting o f this venerable body,or rathe r what he chose to call by this
distinguished nam e’. The Council voted to expe l the Phocians , and to
give the ir two votes to Philip, thus putting a fore ign king in the place o f
o ne o f the original Am phictyonic tribes. The Phocian towns, exceptAbae with its ancient tem ple o f Apollo , twenty in num ber, were to bedestroyed, and the people to b e divided into villages o f no t m ore thanfifty houses ; their horses were to b e sold for the benefit o f the tem ple ,and their arm s thrown down precipices ; and they were to pay sixtytalents yearly to the tem ple until the stolen treasure should b e m adegood ‘. We have reco rds o f paym ents m ade by the Phocians on thisaccount from 344 to 337 B.C.
5Any Pho cian who was personally guilty
o f plundering the tem ple was declared accursed and outlawed“. This
Dem . X IX . 1 28 , I30, Co r. 287 . See the lam e defence o fAeschines, who do es no t
deny that he too k part in these festivities , I I . £62 , I63 : éxMonv e’
IrlEb ua pie-
rd 7 6v
avurptaflw v , xst He seem s to think that the num b er o f guests , abo ut z oo , and
the fact that he o nly jo ined in the cho rus as a co m m o n singer, excused him . See
Essay IV. 56.
2 See 5 52 , b elow.
3 Dem o sthenes (v . I 4) calls this assem bly robs awehnkvflbras rod-
rov: Ital¢daxovras’
Ap¢¢xrdovas vfiv th at. See X IX . 50 : 0650 6: 6’dhho v r apévros 7 6v
’
An¢txru6vwv r h jv
Om axé'
w m lOnfiatwv . Cf. X IX . 3 1 7 . Athens had no part in the Io nian representa
tion , no r Sparta in the Do rian : the Phocians were go ne ; Bo eo tia was o nly Theb es ;the Locrians were present ; six o f the o therAm phictyo nic trib es (Aesch . II . I I6) were
Thessalian .
Biod. XVI . 60 ; Paus . x . 3, 3 ; Dem . X IX . 8 I . I4 I . Co r. 36, 4 2 , IX . 19, 26. Cf.
Aesch . II . 9, II I . 80.
5 The French explorers at Delphi have fo und an interesting inscription reco rding
severalpaym ents m ade b y the Phocians, pub lished by Em ile Bo urguet in the Bull. deCo rresp. Hellen . I 897, pp . 32 1
—344 . By com pariso n o f this with ano ther inscription
co ntaining tem ple reco rds (ib id pp. 4 77 Bo urguet shows with great pro bab ilitythat the Phocians m ade eight sem i-annualpaym ents o f thirty talents each in 344
340 B.C. , two annualpaym ents o f thirty talents in 339 and 338, one o f ten talents in
337, and an“eighteenth
"o f ten talents in a later year, which assum es six interm ediate
paym ents. The reductio n to ten talents followed the b attle o f Chaero nea. Thesetalents were pro b ably o f the Aeginetan standard, ab o ut 1
309, heavier than the Attic
(see ab o ve , 5 8, no te See Am erican Jo urnalo fArchaeology , I899, p . 306.
Biod. xvr. 6o .
266 HISTORICAL SKE TCH . [346
te rrible sentence was executed with m ore than strict exactness, with theThebans fo r executione rs ‘. When Dem osthenes went to De lphi m orethan two years later, he witnessed the pitiable condition o f Phocis and
its wre tched people , with walls and houses destroyed, and nobody tob e seen except old wom en and little children and m iserable old m en
’.
A harder fate still befe ll Orcho m enus, Co ro nea, and probably Corsiae inBoeo tia, fo r their adherence to the Phocians. The ir walls were razedand the inhabitants so ld into slavery . Boeotia
,with a substantial piece
o f Phocis ”, was then brought under the dom inion o f Thebes . Sparta,fo r assisting the Phocians, was excluded from the De lphic tem ple . The
rpopa vret'
a , precedence in co nsulting the oracle , which the Pho cians hadgranted to Athens in the tim e o f Pericles fo r her he lp in the shortSacred War o f 4 48 D.C.
, was taken from her and given to Philip ‘. Still ,it was the decided policy o f Philip to have no open breach with Athensat this tim e
“.
1 Dem . X IX . 325 : rdd>wxlwv relxn xarecxdr rero' Onfiai
‘
ot 6war 01xaracxdr rovres.
Ib id. 64—66. Dem o sthenes saw go od reaso n fo r exclaim ing rot
'
rrwv sw armof; 7 157 07 0 onioé ltd?” rpd
‘
ypar’é¢
’7)v ér roir
"
Ehhmm r, alum 8
’
066’
£9 7 4; rpocOev
xpémp. Fo r a graphic acco unt o f the state o f Phocis at this tim e . see Justin , V II I. 5.
3 Dem . X IX . I I 2 , 1 27 , 325 ; V II I . 65, mixfir év Oflflatrda¢akés (Myst? rd¢tMr r ov),rplv rhy Bocwrlav dr édwxe Italro t): <l>wxéas din n er. X IX . I 4 I , Kopu
'
weta ,
Kopc tal, rb Tth¢w aaio v, rdir ¢wxéwv xu'
Ipas 61 6m )» fioc’
rkovrat.
Plut. Per. 2 I ; Dem . IX . 3 1 (o ne o f the do ub tfulpassages), X IX . 32 7 (end).Fo r Sparta see Paus . X. 8, 2 .
5 Am o ng the m o st interesting inscriptio ns recently fo und at Delphi are two o f the
fo urth century B.C. containing b usiness acco unts o f the Am phictyonic Co uncilandespecially o f the bo ard o f n or m al
,Tem ple - b u ilders, who pro b ab ly had charge o f b uild
ing the stillunfinished tem ple (see §7 2, p . 287, no te See Bull. de Co rresp. Hellen .
I S96, pp. 197—24 I , 1898. pp . 303
—328. During the tim e fro m 353 to 346B.C. o nly
two o f the sem i- annualm ee tings o f this b oard are m entio ned, o ne with fo ur m em b ers
present, and o ne in the spring o f 348 with ten (a Delphian, an Athenian , two Lo crians,a Megarian, an Epidaurian , a Lacedaem o nian , two Co rinthians , and a Phocian).Fo ur tim es the o m issio n o f the m eeting is no ted, on? avvfiww . This was during thehardest stress o f the Phocian War. But in the archo nship o f Dam o xenus , which
Bo urguet identifies with great certainty as 346—34 5 B.C. , we find this entry : ’
Erl
Aauofévov dpxovror, drwpwt‘
ir r vhalas, ér el Ii elprjva éyh er o, m on-
owl avrfiwov.
Now there we re present 36 m em b ers, including nine Thessalians and three Theb ans(lo ng strangers to Delphi), two Athenians , three Spartans , and o ne Delphian . No
Pho cians are present ; b ut in their place is the om ino us entry , fl at-t aro: Maxebdw,
Tcuavopwas Maxefia’
w(Philip’
s nam e standing thus , the tenth in the list). This was atthe m eeting o f the Co uncilcalled by Philip in the autum n o f 346, after the surrender
o f the Pho cians (see ab o ve, The n or m al, b eing a perm anent b oard, had no t yet
been reco nstituted, except that Philip and ano ther Macedo nian had quietly stepped
into the places o f the ab sent Phocians .
268 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [346
Aeschines cam e forward alo ne to urge com pliance , he was hooted and
could get no hearing. Dem osthenes was perhaps the only m an in
Athens who could persuade the Assem bly to take the hum iliating coursewhich prudence now m ade necessary . This he did in his speechOn the Peace in which, while he m akes no attem pt to concea lthe false positio n in which Athens had ignorantly allowed herse lf to b eplaced, he yet advises her no t to court furthe r calam ity by a vain
resistance to an accom plished fact ‘. We do no t know what reply heproposed to the Am phictyonic m essage ; but we m ay be sure that itconceded nothing in principle, while it form ally declined to Oppose the
will o f the Am phictyons in electing Philip to their Council.
IV. SIX YEARS o r NOM INAL PEACE .
346—340 B.C.
5 1 . The peace o f Philocrates lasted, at least in nam e , until theform al renewal o f the war with Philip in 340 B.C. But all this tim e
Philip was busy in extending his power, especially to the de trim en t o fAthens. In 344 we find him subj ugating Illyrians and Triballi
’
, and
soon afterwards breaking up free governm ents in Thessaly,pu tting
garrisons into the citade ls . seiz ing the revenues o f the ports, and e stablishing a decadarchy ’. He interfered in the disputes o f Sparta withArgos, M essene, and Megalopolis, sending he lp to the latter. Athens ,o n the m otion o f Dem osthenes, voted to send envoys to Peloponnesu sto counteract this dangerous influence, and o f these Dem osthenes waschief. In the Second Philippic he repeats parts o f his speech to the
Messenians, in which he warned them o f the fate o f Olynthus and
exhorted them to repe l Philip ’s friendly advances ‘ . But Philip’sprom ises were m ore powerfu l than the e loquence Of Dem osthenes ,and we soon find Argos and Messene (instigated by Philip) sendingenvoys to Athens, com plaining that she supported Sparta in preventing
See the whole Speech On the Peace . Fo r rem arks o n this speech, the genu ineness
o f which has o ften b een do u b ted, see Schaefer I I . 295— 303 . The striking co ntrast
b etween this and the Seco nd and Third Philippics is to b e explained b y the difl’
erence
in circum stances, which m ade the fo rm er a politicalnecessity .
Dem . Co r. 44‘ (see no te).
Dem . VI . 22 , IX . I 2 , [VII . ] 32 ; cf. Co r. 64 , 65 . Fo r the later tetrarchies in
Thessaly, see IX . 26.
See VI . 9, I3, 15, 2o—25.
344 B.C. ] SECOND PH ILIPP IC OF DEM OSTHENES . 269
them from gaining their freedom . With these cam e envoys from Philip,com plaining that Athens had charged their m aster with breaking hisprom ises '.
52 . In the assem bly which discussed the reply to b e given to theseem bassies (late in 344 Dem osthenes delivered his Second Philippie ”. This gives a statesm anlike review o f Philip’s conduct towardsAthens since the peace
,showing that he had b een constantly aggressive
and deceitful, while Athens had been kept quie t by his partisans in the
Assem bly, who assured her o f his goodwill and friendly intentions . He
propo sed a defin ite answer to the em bassies, o f which we can judgeonly by the firm character o f the speech itse lf. We hear o f no positiveresults o f this m ission, but we hear no m ore o f the disputes in Pe lo
po nnesus which caused it. Still, Philip co ntinued to acquire influe ncethere , and the governm ents leaned o n him for suppo rt and becam e m oreand m ore subservien t to his wishes. Many Arcadian towns erectedstatues to him , and offered to open the ir gates to him if he would visitthem : the Argives were o f the sam e m ind“. The Eleans were alsounder his spell ; and the party in power, suppo rted by Philip, m urderedin cold b lood the last rem nant o f the Phocian m ercenaries, who werecaptured in the service o f the opposite party ‘. At about the sam e tim e
(344— 343) Philip m ade an unsuccessful attem pt to get possession o f
Megara by the he lp o f his friends Perillus and P to eodo rus ; b ut the
schem e failed, and Megara rem ained independent, pro bably by the he lpo f Athens ’ .
53 . In the sam e year there occurred the sum m ary arrest and
condem nation o f Antiphon, a disfranchised citiz en, who offered his
serv ices to Philip to burn the dockyards at the Piraeus. He was arrestedby the authority o f Dem osthenes, who was probably ém o
-
ra’
m s ro i}
Lib anius, Hypo th . to Dem . VI .
Gro te (X I . 6I 5)do ub ts the presence o f envoys from Philip o n this occasio n, and
Dion . Hal. (ad Am m . p. 737) speaks o nly o f tho se fro m Pelo ponnesus . Schaefer(I I . 355) po ints o ut that the statem ent o f Libanius is suppo rted by the to ne o f VI . 28
37, which seem s to b e a reply to som e co m plaints o n the part o f Philip.
3 Dem . X IX . 26I .
4 Biod. X V I . 63 ; Dem . X IX . 260. Fo r this relic o f the Phocian arm y see 5 48
(ab o ve). It is pro b able that the three Elean traito rs nam ed in Dem . Co r. 295 b elo ng
to this tim e . Fo r Aristratus, tyrant o f Sicyon in Philip’s tim e (Co r. 48, see
Plut. Arat. I 3 .
5 Dem . Co r. X IX . 294 , 295 : cf. 87, 204 , 326, 334 , IX . I 7 , 2 7 , [X . ] 9. Schaefer(II . 366) refers the expedition o f Phocio n to the aid o f Megara (Plut. Pho c. I 5)
to this tim e . Megara appears to b e in friendly relatio n with Athens in 34 I -
340
see Dem . IX . 74 .
H IS TOR ICAL SKE TCH .
vawm oi} or invested with som e other m agisterial power, and broughtbefore the Assem bly ; but was re leased o n the protest o f Aeschines .
He was again arrested by the in te rvention o f the Areopagus, brought totrial and condem ned to the rack and to death ‘.
54 . No t m uch later” occurred an im portant trial befo re the
Am phictyo nic Co uncil, in which the ancient right o f Athens to control
the tem ple o f De los was contested by the De lians . The Athen ianschose Aeschines as the ir counsel in this case ; b ut the Areopagus, towhich the people had b y special vote given the right to revise the
e lection, rejected him and chose Hyperides in his place . The electionwas m ade in the m ost form al and solem n m anner, each senator takinghis ballo t fro m the altar“. At the trial Hyperides de livered his fam ousDe lian oration
,in which he defended the cause o f Athens so e loquently
that her rights in the De lian tem ple rem ained undisturbed ‘. The causeo f De lo s was argued by Euthycrates, the traitor who be trayed Olynthusto Philip“. Dem osthenes attributes the rejection o f Aeschines as counse lto the e ffect o n the Areopagus o f the recent affair o f Antiphon but thisprobably had on ly intensified the increasing indignation against the
partisans o f Philip, which had recently expressed itse lf in the co n
dem natio n o f Philo crates“.
55. A l ittle later in 343 B.C. (probably before m idsum m er) Philipsent Python o f Byz an tium to Athens, to te ll the old story o f his nu
alterable friendship and o f his grief on hearing the calum nies which hisenem ies reported in the Assem bly and the Athenians be lieved . He
assured the people that he was ready to revise the peace if there wasanything am iss in it, and begged them no t to be lieve the orato rs whom isrepresented him and his in tentio ns’. Pytho nwas an e loquent orator,
See Dem . Co r. I 32 , I 33, with no tes .
Schaefer (II . 372— 374) with great pro bab ility places the Delian co ntest in the
spring o f 343 B.C. , when Dem o sthenes went to the Am phictyonic Co uncilas r vhd'
yopoc
o f Athens . See Dem . X IX . 65 : are vfir éropevépeda cl: Aekpor’
n (said later in
and Aesch . III . I I 3, I I 4 .
3 Dem . Co r. I 34 , I 35 .
So m e passages o f this o ratio n are to b e fo und in the fragm ents o f Hyperides,
67—75 (Bl
5 See frag . 76o f Hyperides : 81 1 drrérpafe rfi 1 6A“ r ep! TOOlepo ii roii Ankh» . It
appears fro m Apsines (IX . p . 547 W .) that this refers to Euthycratec.
See Essay IV. 5 4 .
7 Dem . Co r. I 36. Fo r the date o f Python’s visit, see Schaefer II . 377 , 378 . He
identifies this Pytho n with great pro bab ility with one o f the b ro thers, Python and
Heraclides , o f Aeno s , who m urdered Co tys andwere afterwards receivedwith ho no urat Athens : see Dem . XX III . I I8, I I9.
2 72 H ISTOR ICAL SKETCH [342
Assem bly, in which this letter is discussed ‘. Philip m ade the followinganswers
(I ) As to Halo nnesu s he repeated his form er answer to the em bassy,that he had taken the island from a nest o f pirates, no t from Athens.
Still, he would give it to Athens if she would take it as a gift from him .
He further offered to subm it the whole question to arbitration”.
(2 ) He proposed a treaty with Athens (o fiafloxa) pro viding fo r thetrial o f lawsu its between Macedonians and Athenians, claim ing, however,that the final ratification o f such a treaty sho uld b e left to him self
“.
(3) He claim ed the right to cruise about the Aegean at pleasure ,and to aidAthens in suppressing piracy—a claim which m ight em barrassAthens in m any ways ‘ .
(4) He denied that he had ever agreed to m odify the peace so
as to allow each party “ to hold what be longed to them . He he ldAm phipolis, for exam ple , by the term s o f the peace and he could no t
allow his right to b e questioned“.
(5) He agreed that the freedom and independence o f the Greekswho were not parties to the peace should b e recogniz ed and defended,as Athens proposed“.
(6) He den ied absolutely that he had ever broken any o f his
prom ises to Athens : indeed, he declared that he had never m ade any.
He m aintained that he had released allAthenian prisoners o f war’
(7) He o ffered to subm it to arbitration allquestio ns abou t placesalleged to have been captured by him afterthe peace was m ade, includingthe dispute about Halo nnesus and the quarre l with Cardia indeed
, he
offered to com pel the Cardians to subm it to arbitration if they refused “.
57 . Hegesippu s in his replies“ objects to rece iving Halo nnesus
as a gift from Philip while the right o f Athens to the island is denied .
He sees in the o ffer o f m fpfioka to settle lawsuits on ly a device o f Philipto secure him se lf(by som e provisio n o f the treaty)against suits fo r recom
1 This (No . V II . in editio ns o f Dem o sthenes) is now universally recognized as a
speech o f Hegesippus : see Schaefer II . 4 40, 44 I with n . I . It pro fesses to b e m ade b y
the m over o f the two propo sals sent to Philip, who was also o ne o f the em b assy5 Heges . 2—8 : see 66 (b elow).5 Ib id. 9
—13 : see p. 2 73, n . 2 .
Ib id. I 4— I6.
5 I b id. I S— 29.
5 Ib id. 30—32 .
7 Ib id. 33—35, 38.
5 Ib id 36. 37. 39—44 .
5 He gives the replies in co nnectio n with the statem ents o f Philip’s dem ands .
PHILIP’S LETTER .
— HE GE SIP P US .
pense fo r confiscated property brought by Athenians who were settled inPotidaea at the tim e o f its capture ; these settlers having had a specialtreaty o f alliance with Philip, so that they could no t legally b e treated as
enem ies ’ . He also repudiates with indignation Philip’s claim to the
right to ratify (i. e . to revise or reject) the treaty after it hadbeen properlym ade and had been ratified by the He liastic Court at Athens ”. He
ridicules the idea that Athens needs Philip’s he lp in suppressing piracy .
He calls on the people to rem em ber the offers to revise the peace whichPython m ade to them in Philip’s nam e. He repeats the old chargeo f breaking prom ises, and denies that Philip has liberated all his
Athenian captives. He spurns the propo sal o f arbitration concerning the towns captured by Philip after the peace was m ade, sayingthat this is a question o f tim e to be settled by the calendar, no t onefo r arbitration .
Dem osthenes also discussed Philip’s letter, objecting to receivingHalo nnesus as a gift from Philip, and to allowing arbitration as tocertain claim s o f Athens. It is probably this speech to which Aeschinesalludes when he ridicules Dem osthenes fo r “quarrelling about syllablesSo far as we know, no result followed these negotiations wi th Philip
,
except a stronger conviction at Athens o f the insincerity o f Philip’s
1 Heges. 9, I0 OI’
Ix Ovros aéroi‘
s r ohéuov rpds d’fhtn ov dhhd cuppaxfas, Ital57)w
dawm uh wr obs Q ‘AITTOS rots olxo iio'w e'
r IIoreIOafa(se .
’
A0nvafo¢s) dim er . As itwas
generally estab lished that restitutio n should b e m ade fo r property confiscated in tim e
o f peace , Philip naturally desired som e special security o n this po int. It was
generally pro vided in o nufioha that suits sho uld b e bro ught in the defendant’
s court
(foru m rei), so that suits o f this nature would b e tried in Macedo nia, where Philipwould have am ple oppo rtunity to take advantage o f any am b iguo us provisions in the
treaty, such as he m ight easily sm uggle in at a finalrevisio n .
2 By the Attic law, such COM M , after they were m ade b y nego tiatio n, like o ther
treaties , m ust b e ratified b y the Heliastic Co urt under the presidency o f the Geo-M iran
See Heges . 9 : rafira 8d xdpta Cascade 06x er etddv iv rq'
S Otxaam pt'
wrq? rap’but»
xv dfi, 656e 6 minor xeka’
fec, dhh’é-r etddv tbs éavrdr éravcrq dfi. Aristo tle (Pol.
Ath. 5915) says o f the Oeam oh at, Italrd aflpflo
'
ha rd Irpds rds TOM“ OI'rro: xvpofio
'
t, xal
rd: dfxar rd: dird raw o'
vpfl bhwv 610470001 , which m ay refer to a later law, o r m ay
(as Meier and Schom ann explain it, Att. Proc . p. 999) m ean the Oeapwércu presidingo ver a court. Pollux (V II I . 88) repeats Aristotle . The passage o f Aristo tle , interpretedin eitherway, with its distinction o f and Jim ; drdraw avufiéhwv, now m akesuntenab le the view o f Reiske , which I o nce followed (Am . journ . o f Philol. I . I0—I 2 ),that rafira in the speech on Halonnesus (ab o ve quoted) refers to the film : and no t to
the mf
pfloha . See Att. Proc . I00I . It seem s that Philip andAthens bo th claim ed the
right o f finalratification , o f course with the o ption o f rejecting the treaty altogether.
5 Aesch . I I I . 83 :°
AMwmrov édfdou‘ d6
’dm rybpeve Id) haufidretr clOldwaw dkhd
,ui) d-r OGIOW I, r ep! avhhaflé
‘
wdtacpepéperos.
G . D.
2 74 HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [343
professions of friendship and o f the necessity of ultim ately m eeting hisaggressions by force o f arm s.
58. The account o f the transactions which followed the m issiono f Python has brought us down to the tim e before m idsum m er
34 2 B.C.,when Hegesippus delivered his oration on Halo nnesus ‘.
We m ust now recur to events in Euboea which began in the previousyear.
The form al peace which Athens m ade with the towns o f Euboea in
348 B.C. recogniz ed the independence o f the island ’. Philip saw m oreand m ore plainly the im portance of Euboea as a bas is o f operationsagainst Athens’, and he never lost an opportun ity o f establishing hisinfluence there . In 343
—34 2 he supported Clitarchus, who had m ade
him self tyrant o f Eretria, and he sent troops to expel the popular party .
An em bassy sent. by Athens o n the m otion o f Dem osthenes to counteractthe intrigues o f Philip was refused a hearing at Eretria, andthe town fellinto Philip’s power‘. The banished dem ocracy took possession o f
Porthm us, a harbour o fEretria, and Philip sen t against them 1000 soldiersand destroyed the walls o f Porthm us
“. He also sent troops to Oreus,
to establish there the tyrant Philistides ; and under the Macedonianinfluence the popular leader, Euphraeus, was sent to prison, where heslew him self to escape the vengeance o f his enem ies‘. Athens, by thehe lp o f Dem osthenes, was m ore fortunate in establishing her influenceatChalcis, where two brothers, Callias andTauro sthenes, who had once
acted in Philip’s interest, were now firm friends of the Athenians.
Callias sen t an em bassy to Athens, and a treaty of alliance was m ade,providing fo r m utual defence ’. The brothers were intim ate with Dem osthenes, who caused them to be m ade citizens of Athens. Aeschines
1 In the late sum m er o r autum n o f 34 3 Aeschines was b ro ught to trialon the
charge o f r aparpeoflefa, and acquitted by a sm allvo te . See Essay IV . 5 7 .
‘1 See 5 I 4 , above .
5 As an ér tret'
xwpa irlr'
hy’Arrunjv, Co r. 7 I
’.
Dem . Ix. 57, 58, 66, Co r. 7 I5, 79
7; cf. Cor. 295
5 Dem . IX . I 2 , 58 ; cf. VIII . 59.
5 Dem . IX . 59—62, 66, Co r. 8 I . The som ewhat earlier attem pt o f Philip to secure
Megara (5 52) is som etim es connected with his intrigues in Eub oea. Bo th had the
sam e o b ject, to weaken Athens . The two are o ften m entioned together, as in Dem .
Co r. 7 I , X IX . 87, 334 . Fo r the finaloverthrow o f the despo tism s in Eubo ea by the
help o f Athens in 34 I—340, see 564 , and no te on Dem . Co r. 795.
7 Aesch . III . 9I—93 . We do no t knowwhether the Athenian em bassy which was
rejected at Eretria ab o ut this tim e (see no te 5, ab ove) was sent also to nego tiate
with Chalcis ; b ut this is highly pro bable . This em bassy is the one m entioned in
Dem . Cor. 797, fil
'
Edfiolas in tro .
2 76 H ISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [34.
now fourteen years old ’. In this year he gave great offence to Greeceby sending a deputy to hold the Pythian gam es in his nam e ’.
61 . Early in 34 2 B.C. Philip undertook to com plete his conquest ofThrace, and especially to wrest from Athens her control o f the ThracianChersonese . This ancient possession o f Athens was equally im portantto her as a protection to her trade with the Euxine , and to Philip as a
point o f departure for invading As ia. Soon after the peace, Athens hadsent a body o f settlers to the Chersonese under Diopithes
“, an able and
enterprising general, who was de term ined to defend the rights of Athensto the last extrem ity and to brook no interference from Philip. The
Cardians, who had been adm itted to the peace in 346as Philip’s alliesby the consent of the Athen ian em bassy, annoyed the Athenian settlersin every possible way. Philip sent troo ps to aid the Gardians, and
Diopithes raised an arm y in Thrace to attack them . With this force heinvaded Philip’s territory beyond Cardia“. Against this Philip protestedvehem ently in a letter to the Athenians“, and a m ee ting o f the Assem blywas held to consider the question . In this Dem osthenes delivered hise loquent oration on the Affairs o f the Chersonese. He adm its that theaction o f Diopithes has no t been precise ly peaceful, but m aintains thatPhilip has broken allthe term s o f the peace and that Athens is reallyatwarwith him by his own act. He stoutly objects to m aking anyco ncessions to Philip at this crisis, andabove allhe protests against recallingDiopithes or passing any vote which m ight discredit him or his conductin Thrace.
62 . Soon after this speech, certainly before m idsum m er 34 1 , Dem osthenes delivered his Third Philippic. This powerful argum ent dealswith the whole history o f Philip’s aggressions since the peace was m ade,and enforces the argum ent o f the speech on the Chersonese . Hedeclares that Athens has been actually at war with Philip for a longtim e , indeed ever since the destruction o f the Phocians“. He earnestly
1 Plut. Alex. 7 ; Biog . Laert. v . I , 7 , £1 1 IIvGoaérov (343 Alexander wasb orn July 2 I , 356(see 5
3 To this refers the indignant rem ark in Dem . IX . 32 , rm): Badhaus d‘
ywroOa-
c ovra:
5 Dem . VIII . 6, IX . I 5 : see Schaefer II. 4 5 1 , no tes .
Fo r a fulldiscussion o f these im portant events , which led directly to the renewalo f the warwith Philip, see the two o rations o fDem osthenes On the Cherso nese (V III .)and the Third Philippic See Grote X I. 623
—625 ; Schaefer II. 450—455.
5 Dem . VII I . I6, IX . I6, 2 7 ; Hypo th . to VI I I . p. 895.
5 Dem . IX . 19 : d¢’Ii: fiuépa: du n e 4>wxéa:, drd rat
'
rrn: éyary’at
'rrdv r ohep ei
‘
v
épfs‘bmu . See also IX . 9, I 5
—I8, and m any sim ilarpassages in this speech .
34 I B.C. ] DEM ON CHERSOIVESE .—THIRD PH ILIP P IC. 2 77
beseeches the people to recogn iz e this fact and to prepare for activewarfare ‘
. H e m akes no attem pt to justify the recent proceedings o f
Athens in the Chersonese , except as m easures of defensive war, to whichPhilip’s offensive acts o fwar have driven her. It would be m adness, heurges, for the Athenians to allow Philip to wage war on them and no t to
defend them selves by arm s .
The whole tone o f the Third Philippic shows that Dem ostheneshad no longer the least expectation o f m ain taining even a nom inalpeace ; while the increasing boldness o f Philip
’
s aggressions shows thathe m ere ly aim ed at securing allpossible advantages before the inevitabledeclaration o fwar’ .
63 . We have only m eagre and scattered accounts o f the events o fthe year 34 1— 340, before the outbreak o f the war. One im portantresult o f the discussions in the Assem bly and the powerfiIlargum entso f Dem osthenes was that Athens now universally recogniz ed his leadership and gave him alm ost com plete control o f her foreign affairs. For
this departm ent, from this tim e until the battle o fChaeronea, he declareshim se lf responsible in the fullest sense 5 . One o f his wisest strokes o f
policywas his forestal ling o fPhilip’s designs on Byzantium by his em bassythither, probably in the early sum m er o f 34 1 . He thus secured forAthens the friendship and alliance o f that im portant city, the control ofthe He llespont, andthe protection o f her trade with the Euxine. Athensand Byzantium had had so m any grounds o f enm ity, especially sincethe Social War, that it now required no ordinary diplom atic skill tobring them into friendship ‘. About the sam e tim e b e negotiated an
alliance with Abydos, an old enem y o f Athens, and visited the kings
1 See IX . 70—end.
5 There is an interesting decree o f 34 I—34o D.C. co ncerning Elaeus, a town o n the
so uthern po int o f the Chersonese , in C . I . Att. II . no . I I6: strut Italro‘
t‘
:
rd at’
rrd drfep] 6 {W arm ro'
i: rdr 8d ” par-Indy Xa rra]
ér tuehno'f’
pm aim ?» iv rq'
i [rpdrlp ré adrq'
i 51 0: b lxovr[e: rd at'
rrt'
n
‘
w67306:
x[olJudah»: olxé‘
nrw nerd’A0ryraf[wv b Xlepporficqa, ItalxaMo
'aI rob):
’E7ta] tow fov: éf l
Bein ov cl[: rd Irpvjran‘
iov at: cflpcov. In no . 7o x Elaeus and o ther towns in the
Chersonese are recorded as Offering crowns to the people o f Athens in 347—346. See
C . Curtius in Herm es IV . 407 . Cf. Dem . XX II I . I 58. Schaefer (II . 482) refers
C . I . Att. nos . I 36and I 37 to this tim e .
5 Dem . Cor. 59, 88, 298 (“W a n n a-
pon ds) : in Co r. 320 he com pares his
power at this periodwith his hum ble po sition after Chaero nea, when Aeschines and
his party again b ecam e powerful and insolent. Aes chines (III . I 3O) alludes to
Dem o sthenes b efore Chaero nea as éur rpu rkdw o: rr'
j: Gardener-
q: I'
np’buoy an
’
rrq'
i
éfowlas.
Dem . Cor. 88, 94 , 244 ; Aesch. II I . 2 56.
2 78 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH [34 1
o f Thrace, probably Cerso bleptes and Teres, who were soon afterwards dethroned by Philip‘. Later in 34 1
—340 an em bassy was sent
to the K ing o f Persia, perhaps on the suggestion o f Dem osthenes, askingfor help against Philip but this was not we ll received by the King, whosent back to Athens a very insulting le tter, refusing his assistance“
Em bassies were sent also to Rhodes, under Hyperides, and probably toChios, the effects o f which were seen in the help sent to Byzantiumwhen she was besieged by Philip“.
Even m ore im portant were the em bassies to Peloponnesus whichwere undertaken by Dem osthenes with Gallias o f Chalcis. Theseresulted in the form ation o f a powerfiIl league against Philip, which,according to Aeschines, proposed to raise I o o talents, and to equip1 00 ships o f war, foot soldiers, and 1000 horsem en , besides2000 m ilitia from Peloponnesus and 2000 from Acarnania. The leadership o f the league was given to Athens, and a form al m eeting o f theallies at Athens was appointed for the 16th o f Anthesterion (March 9)340 B.C.
“ We have no further m ention o f this synod, andwe m ay fairlyassum e that it was never held . But the proposed forces appear to havebeen actually raised, as Dem osthenes gives the num ber o f the allies inthe field as I m ercenaries and 2000 cavalry, besides the m ilitia
“.
1 Dem . CO1 . 3025; XX I II . I 5S,
’Ap680v r
-ii: rdu draw? 6v xpdvov éXOpI‘
is. Fo r
the Kings o f Thrace see Epist. Phil. 8—10.
5 See Epist. Phil. 6: this shows that the result o f the Persian m issio n was no t yet
known . See b elow, 5 67, n . 2 . Aeschines (III. 238) pro bab ly re fers to the
King’
s reply : 67 6; by?» xpwfov oi: ddmw m) as alre’
ire '
013 7dp Mid/code . On the
contrary , in Vit. X . Orat. 84 7 F, 848 E , the King is said to have sent 3000darics to
Dem osthenes, and also a gift to Hyperides. (A daric, o r gold stater, by weight o f
gold, would b e ab o ut £ 1 . 2S . Aristo tle (Rhet. II . 8, 1 1 ) m entio ns m o ney sent
by the King to Diopithes, which cam e after his death. See Schaefer I I . 483. It is
hard to see why, o n the eve o f a war with Philip, there was any crim e in receiving
m o ney or o ther help from Persia, to b e used against a co m m on enem y. Persiangold was stilla phrase for dem ago gues to conjure by, a century and a half after the
term had any realm eaning , as British gold stillis in certain quarters in the UnitedStates .
5 Dem . IX . 7 1 : én éprwuev rpéafiet: [wavraxoi, cl: Hehor bwmrov, cl:'
P660v,
cl: Xtov, d): flan ked Myra] . Vit. X . Orat. p. 850A : érpécfiewe Oé m lrpd:‘
Podlovs. A Myos'
P061ax6: and pro b ably a X uzxé: o f Hyperides are m entio ned : see
frag . 161 and 194 (BL), and BOhnecke , Fo rschungen I . p. 461 (with no te , p.
Biod. X VI . 77 m entio ns help sent to Byzantium by Chio s , Co s , and Rhodes, the threeislands which had jo ined her in the SocialWar. See Schaefe r I I . 484 , n . 2 .
Aesch . 111 . 94—98 : Schaefer 11. 486— 489.
5 Dem . C01 . 237 , where he includes the laterTheb an allies . He also includes the
Leucadians and Co rcyraeans , and o m its the Am b racio ts. Fo r the Acarnanians see
H ISTOR ICAL SKE TCH .
death '. Several m onths later a m ore decisive expedition was sentunder Phocion . On a report that Philip was about to invade Euboeawith his fleet, Hyperides raised a fleet o f forty ships for Athens byvoluntary contributions. He gave two trirem es, one for him self and
one for his son5. Though Philip m ade no attack o n Euboea, this fleet
was sent under Phocion , o n the m otion of Dem osthenes, to liberateEretria from Philip’s tyrant Clitarchus. This was soo n effected, and
Clitarchus was put to death 5 . This com pleted the liberation o f Euboeafrom despotism and from Philip’s influence , and m ade the island a
firm friend and supporter o f.
Athens . The Athen ians expressed the ir
gratitude to Dem osthenes for these successful labours by the gift o fa crown o f gold, which was conferred in the theatre, at the GreatDionysia o f 340, in the very term s which were subsequently used byCtesiphon in his own decree ‘ .
65. About this tim e, a m an from Oreus, Anaxinus, who cam e toAthens ostensibly to m ake purchases fo r Q ueen Olym pias, was arrestedas a spyand exam ined under torture through the action o f Dem osthenes,who also m oved his condem nation to death . Aeschines m entions thisproceeding as an outrage upon an innocent visitor, whose hospitalityDem osthenes had once enjoyed atOreus ; andhe im plies that the affair
1 Dem . Co r. Ti)? e’
rr’ ’
0pe6v 6506010: cf. 87 . Charax fr. 3 1 (Mull. II I . 643)’A01)Ira2m dye Mayapcfim arparedaarre: cl:
’0pcdv Q tltwrldnv rdv
rdpawov d-Iréxrewav xal
’0pefra: fihevflépw av . Schaefer I I . 491 , n . 1 , quo tes the newscholia on Aesch . II I . 85 (Jahrb . fltr Philol. 1 866, p. assigning June 34 1 as the
date o f this event. In Dem . 1x . 66(b efore m idsum m er 34 1 )we find Philistides in full
power at Oreus .
1 Vit. X . Orat. 850A (Hyper. Q tMrwov ddt heir ir’
Etifiofa: rapeaxevaauérov,xalrcfw 1 017110.l edhaflé : éxdvrwv, reoaapdxovra rpcripet: flopo wer £5 e
'
r tdéo'
ews, m l
rpd’
rro : I'
Irép at'
rrofi Italrob“ratdd: érrédwxe 660 rptflpcts. In the next year (340—339)
we find Hyperides an appointed trierarch in com m and o f an 61 16611 1110: rpnipq:, nam ed’Av6pela : see C . I . Att. II . no . 809 d, 236 (also 808 e, ra
'
ir ,uerd h ardcore: Kai
KWwo ro: t heorem s?» 11
1 16661110: rpujp'q:’Av6pefa
°
rpujpapxo: with
Vit. X . Orat. 848 E (Hyperides , rpujpapxd: re alpeOel: (Ire i'
dvrtov éf oluépm
fb fhtfl ros, 301706: v an ia r éxr eM Oef: Hyperides pro bably com m anded at
Byzantium one o f the trirem es which he had given for Eub o ea the year b efo re .
5 Diod. XVI . 74 (under 34 1—340 (Proxies: In!» xarer ohépno'
e Khefrapxov rdv’Ep€rpia: rI
'
Ipawov c wrapévov £11 6c fr rov. See new schol. to,
Aesch . III . 103
(no te 1 , ab o ve) ir’
dpxovro: Nixopdxov (34 1 c f‘n rov Bao theéorro: h e: x'
,
’A0nva?o¢ a
'
rpareéo'avrc: ti: Eflflm av (w fanvo: O
'
rparrryoiivro: rdr re rI'
Ipawov ré'
w’Eperptéwv Kkefrapxov dr éxretvav Italr
'
hy r élw roi:'
Eperp¢ei3¢ t rapédwxav and 817710
xparlav xaréo'r-
qo av. (See Schaefer II . 495, n . Eretria was pro bably freed in thespring o f 340B.C.
See Dem . Co r. 831 - 1
,with note .
340 B.C. ] ANAXIN US .— SIE GE OF P ERIN TH US .
interfered in som e way with an eta-
un d id which he was about to bringagainst Dem osthenes . Dem osthenes alludes to the case chiefly to
m ention that Aeschineswas de tected in a private in terviewwith Anaxinusin the house o f one Thrason : and the suspicion thus cast o n thepatriotism o f Aeschines m ay have caused him prudently to abandonhis prosecution o f Dem osthenes. Schaefer is probably right in con
necting this affair with the efforts o f Philip to m aintain his ascendencyin Eub oea ‘.
66. The dispute between Athens and Philip about Halonnesus in
343—34 2 left the island in Philip
’
s hands, as Athens refused to take itas a gift from him ,
while he refused to restore it . At last, probablyin 34 1
—340, the people o f Peparethus se ized Halo nnesus and m ade
the Macedonian garrison prisoners . Philip soon avenged this act bysending a flee t to ravage P eparethus . Athens then directed her comm anders to m ake reprisals upon Philip . This shortly preceded the
outbreak o f the war’.Before m idsum m er 340 it was generally recogniz ed throughout
Greece that war was inev itable. At the Olym pic gam es o f this year,it is said, the nam e of Philip was received with hisses and other insults 5 .Philip was then engaged in the conquest o f Thrace, and had com e tothe point where the possession o f Byzantium was indispensable to himif he was to invade Persia and secure a safe passage for his arm y intoAsia M inor and a safe return . It was also o f the utm ost im portancefor him to becom e m aster o f the grain traffic o f the Euxine . He now
called on the Byz antines, as his friends and form er allies, to prom isehim their aid in his pending warwith Athens . But here his way wasblocked by the alliance already m ade by Dem osthenes with Byzantium ,
and she refused to join him ‘. Upo n this he resolved to secure her by
force ; and he began by attacking the neighbou ring city o f Perinthus onthe Propon tis. To this end he sent his fleet through the Hellespont,and he guarded it against attack during its passage by m arching an
1 Aesch . I II . 2 23, 224 ; Dem . Co r. 1 37 . Dem osthenes m ust have acted here in
som e o fficialcapacity, as in the case o fAntiphon in 344 (see 5 53, ab o ve). Dem o stheneswas pro bably a guest o f Anaxinus on som e o flicialvisit to Oreus , perhaps on one o f
the em bassies o f 346(see Dem . X IX . 1 55, when Anaxinus m ay have b een the
Irpdfwo : o f Athens . The reply o f Dem osthenes to Aeschines with regard to the
violation o f ho spitality is thus given (Aesch. I I I . (M ada rov): rfi: rdkew:
61 a: :repl t heta” : f orwarder rip Eem cij: rpar éh m
1 Dem . CO1 . 701: see the Schol. (p . Epist. Phil. [Dem . X I I . ] I 2 , 1 3 .
5 Plut. Moral. p. 457 F, Phil. Apo phth . p. 1 79 A .
1 See 563 (ab o ve ) ; Dem . Co r. 87 .
282 HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [340
arm y through the Chersonese to keep the Athenians we ll em ployed o n
shore ’.
67 . Perinthus was attacked vigorously (probably late in the sum m ero f 340) by land and by sea, but it was also vigorously defended .
Though Philip brought to the siege an arm y o f m en, besideshis large fleet, and em ployed the m ost im proved engines o f war and
towers two hundred feet high , the defenders were finally successful.They were constantly aided by the ir ne ighbours o f Byzantium , and at
las t by a force sent by the K ing o f Persia11 though no help cam e fromAthens or any other Greek city . Philip at length decided to abandonthe siege . But he still hoped to surprise Byzantium , which was his realobject, by a sudden attack . The better and larger part o f the Byzantinearm y was at Perinthus, and the people who were left at hom e werelittle to be feared. He therefore left about half his arm y at Perinthus,under his best com m ander, to m ake a show o f continuing the siege
,
while he hastened with the rest to Byzan tium and began to besiege it
(in the autum n o f 340) with allhis skill . The Byzantines were at firstgreatly alarm ed but tim e ly help cam e to them from a powerfu l friend .
Athens was now open ly atwarwith Philip, and her naval power sooncam e to the he lp o f her new ally . A flee t under Chares, which waspreviously cruising in the northern Aegean ,
was sent to Byzantium , and
was followed by another under Phocion, which was m ore powerfu l andm ore efficient. Chios,Co s, and Rhodes also sent the ir he lp. Byzantiumwas rescued, and Philip wisely abandoned this second siege’. By som e
1 Co r. I 39‘. See Epist. Phil. 16: 5112 7 11400171: 26rd: t apas
-invade 61d X eppomjo o v
rfjarparq'
i.1 \Vhether this efficient help to Perinthus was the result o f the Athenian em bassy
which Ochus repulsed a year earlier (see 563) is no t known . The King now seem s to
take great perso nalinterest in checking Philip. See Diod. X VI . 75 : 6Baa
Cypawe :rpd: rod: érlOahdrr‘
g o arpdra: 7801106211 IIep fOI: T erri ceiver. Cf. Paus . 1 .
29, 10. In Alexander’s letter, Arrian I I . 14 , 5, Ochus him self is said to have sent a
fo rce distinct from that sent by his satraps : IIep tot: éfimyflflo are, 0! rev éudv r arépa
Macaw, Italcl: 9 71610711, inset: fipxouev, Odvapu (Ire/44167'
0xo:.3 For the details o f the sieges o f Perinthus and Byzantium , o f which o nly the
latter is m entio ned b y Dem o sthenes (Co r. 7 1 , and fo r Philip’
s im pro ved engines
o f war, see Schaefer II. 502 , 503 , 507—5 13 , with the autho rities cited. The ia
scriptions in C . I . Att. II. no s . 808 e, 82 , and 809 d, 2 20 and 2 36—238 (also in
Bo eckh , Seewesen, pp . 44 2 , 498) show that Chares was in com m and o f a fleetin 34 1
—340, and Phocion in 340
—339. As we know that Chares was present
at the siege o f Byzantium , which b egan in 340—339, it appears that his com m and
extended into this year. See Po rphyr. Tyr. (Muller 111 . p. avuaaxoim rwv
dé v avrlm :’A01)vafwv 61d Xdprrro: o rparrn ofi, dr orvxdwdMAI
-
r t e: e'rlX eppdvno ov
284 H I STOR ICAL SKE TCH [34°
occasion alleged by Dem osthenes for the declaration o f war was the
captu re o f som e Athen ian m erchant ships by Philip’s cruisers in theHe llespont ‘ ; but war had been an avowed fact o n both sides m anyweeks b efore it was declared .
When the Byzantine warwas ended b y the he lp o f Athens and the
wise counse ls o f Dem osthenes, the gratitude o f Perin thus, Byzantium ,
and the towns in the Chersonese was expressed to Athens as theirdeliverer by votes o f thanks and crowns ’
69. When Philip returned from his expedition to the Chersoneseto his cam p before Byzantium ,
he withdrew his arm y from that neighb o urho od. We have very scanty accounts o f his m ovem en ts from thistim e (probably early in 339 B.C. ) until we find him the next sum m erfighting with the Scythians and the Triballi. We can only conjecturewhy, just at the beginning o f a warwith Athens o n the success o f whicheverything was staked, andafter suffering two m ortifying repulses, Philip
o f Aeschines (II I . 55) that Dem o sthenes pro po sed the declaration o f war (Pypawe rd:
rdhqzov). But Dem o sthenes (Co r. 76) m o st em phatically denies this, tho ugh he
claim s the authorship o f the chief m easures which really led to the war. This isco nsistentwith m uru m war/eu ro s, referring generally to war m easures ; b ut it is
incredible that war was actually deelared on his m o tion , as this wo uld b e a no torio us
m atter o f reco rdwhich he could no tdeny and had no m otive fo r denying . Further,exetporév
'
qo e (se . 66551101) m ay b e the b eginning of a new quo tation fro m Philocho rus,
so that no em endatio ns are needed, tho ugh the preceding sentence is incom plete .
The o rfih p on which the treaty o f 346 was inscrib ed is m entioned in Dem . VI I I .5 (end) and Epist. Phil. 8.
1 Dem . C01 . 73 Diod. XVI . 77 : it ! 66redraw(340—339 B. C.)dull-arrowBufdvrtov
r ohtopxoi’
nrro:’A017va
'
io¢ per Exptrar rdr <I>Ottm rov hehuxém t rhv rpd: owrcde'
io ar
£ 1701)q , 86 1122 6611 111” raurtm'
w dEIOkoryov seru m/«av roi: Botan ic“. Diodo ru s
thus puts the declaration o f war while the siege o f Byzantium was go ing on . Thisagrees with the facts that Athens sent no help to Perinthus, b utwhen Byzantium was
attacked she im m ediately sent her fleet under Chares to defend it. It is true that
Philip’s letter do es not m entio n the siege o f Perinthus ; b ut it does m entio n (16) the
passage o f Philip’s arm y through the Cherso nese to esco rt his flee t,” which was o n
its way to attack Perinthus . This shows (so far as the docum ent is autho rity) that theletter was pro b ably written during the siege o f Perinthus , so that the respo nse o f
Athens, the m o st im portant part o f which was the im m ediate sending (Biod. ) o f her
fleet to Byzantium , was pro b ably m ade when the news o f its siege first cam e to Athens(in the autum n o f Again , the allusion in the letter (6, 7) to the appealo f Athensto the King o f Persia fo r help, without m entioning the efficient aid sent by him to
Perinthus (see shows that the letterwas written b efo re the siege was raised. We
can thus reduce the date o f the letter and o f the declaratio n o f warwhich followed it
to very narrow lim its. Altho ugh the quo tatio ns from Philochorus (in no te 5, p . 283)m ention the letter and the declaration o f war after bot/1 sieges, there is no thing to
show that he placed the events them selves in this o rder.
Dem . Co r. 89—93 . The vo tes were read to the court.
339 B.C. ] TRIERARCHIC REFORM . 285
should have undertaken an expedition against these outside barbarians,leaving Athens and Dem osthenes to enjoy the fruits o f the ir diplom aticsuccesses. He m ay have felt the necessity o f protecting his possessionsin Thrace, or even Macedonia itself, against a possible invasion fromthe north ; or he m ay have m erely wished to give his defeated troops ataste o f easy victory and rich booty . An unim portant quarrel with Ateas,a Scythian king, gave him a ground for invading his dom in ions and
the king him self—according to o ne account, nearly ninety years oldwas defeated on the Danube and killed . Philip carried o ff as booty
boys andwom en, m uch cattle, and breeding m ares. On
his return from Scythia, he passed through the country o f the Triballi,with whom he had previously been in conflict‘. These warlike m ountaineers attacked him furiously ; and in the battle he was severe lywounded, his horse was killed under him , and he was thought to bedead . In the panic which followed, the Trib alli took possession o f theprecious booty from Scythia. Thus again hum iliated, Philip retu rnedto Macedonia in the course o f the sum m er o f 3
About the tim e o f the renewal of war with Philip, Dem osthenesproposed and carried his im portant trierarchic reform , by which thenavy o f Athens was put on a new footing and m any old abuses werecorrected. Itwas under this new system o f trierarchy that allthe flee tswere fitted out during the war, and its success in rem oving grievancesis described by Dem osthenes with glowing pride and satisfaction ‘
.
V . THE WAR WITH PH ILIP , FROM 340 B.C. TO THE BATTLEo r CHAERONEA IN 338.
70 . When Philip returned from Scythia in the sum m er o f 339 B.C. ,
he found that the war had been waged on both sides for nearly a yearwithout decisive results. Though the Athen ians had generally been
1 See Dem . Cor. 441 with no te , and 5 5 1 (ab o ve).
‘1 Our only account o f this Scythian expedition , except a few incidentalallusions,
is found in Justin IX . 2 and prologue to IX . See also Lucian, Macrob . 1 I :’Aréa: 66
2 11110611 flan ker): uaxbaevo: 1'
p fi ller s -
or 1'
t rdv”
Iorpor t araudu (racer, inrép rd
évenjxovra 5m The b rief sto ry is confirm ed by Aeschines (111 . when
he says o f Philip in the sum m er o f 339, 0151: 11
: év Maxedovla ¢I>1M1rrrov, dhh’
OI’
IO’e'
v rfi'
Ehhddt rapérros, dhh’c’
v Extiflat: o ffrw m pdu dr bvroa No t m uch later,
at the tim e o f the regular m eeting o f the Am phictyo nic Council(Aug. o r Sept ), hehad already returned, and he was then m ade generalo f the Am phictyons (Dem . Co r.
152 ; Aesch . 111.
5 Co r. 102— 108 : see no te o n 1035.
286 H ISTOR ICAL SKE TCH . [Spring o f
defeated in such land battles as had occurred, yet the Macedon ians feltsevere ly their naval weakness, by which they sufl
'
ered a constan t blockadeo f their coast without be ing able to re taliate by attacking Athens bysea
‘. It was o bviously im possible for Philip to invade Attica by land
without the cooperation o f both Thessaly and Thebes, and his re lationswith them did no t warrant even a proposal to this end. Thessaly hadbeen alienated by the abolition o f herfree governm ents and the establishm ent o f a decadarchy and tetrarchies 1 and Theb es, though she had
gained the lion’s share o f the spoils at the end o f the Sacred War, was
deeply offended by the loss o f Nicaea in the pass o f Therm opylae, whichPhilip gave to Thessaly, and o f her own colony Echinus, which Philiphad taken for him se lf“. Without the consent o f Thessaly he could no t
com m and the pass o f Therm opylae ; andwithout Thebes he could no tuse the fertile plain o f Boeotia fo r m ilitary operations andfo r the supporto f his arm y on his way to or from Attica. He needed therefore som e
device for securing the active aid o f both . Som e undertaking whichwould unite the two in a com m on interest with him self seem ed indispensable ‘ . Such was Philip’s perplexity when he found him self again at
warwith Athens after six years o f nom inal peace . When he departedfo r Scythia 69) this problem was still unsolved, though possibly hem ay already have confided to Aeschines directly or indirectly som e
practical hints for its solution . Howeve r this m ay have been , it sohappened that before Philip’s return Aeschines had sudden ly stirred up
an Am phictyonic war, which delivered him from allhis difficulties andopened the way for him se lf and his arm y into the very heart o f Greece ".He had passed ThernIOpylae in trium ph in 346as the cham pion o f theGod o f De lphi he was now to enter Greece a second tim e clothed withthe sam e sacred authority, to aid the Am phictyonic Councilin punishingnew offenders who were Openly defying the ir com m ands .
7 1 . We are here reduced to the alternative o f believing eitherthat Aeschines deliberate ly devised this Am phictyonic war in order togive Philip a free passage into Greece, 01 at least took advan tage o f
a slight incident at Delphi to excite a general conflict, or else that heignorantly and recklessly roused a warwhich could have no other endthan bringing Philip into Greece at the head o f an arm y . The latteralternative is generally rejected ; and indeed it attributes to Aeschines
1 See Co r. 145, 1 46.
1 See ab o ve 55 5 1 , 60.
5 See IX . 34 (w. Aesch . 111 . 1 40 ; Schaefer I I . 538, 539.
‘1 Co r. 1 4 7 .
5 Co r. 1 49.
288 HISTORICAL SKE TCH . [Spring o f
re lics o f the battle o f Plataea, and had renewed the old inscription ,
’
A017va?o : 11.-1rd Mrjdwv xai Onfiat'
aw,Ore rdva vria rots e
’
pofxovro .
This renewal o f the ancien t disgrace o f Thebes in fighting o n the sideo f the Persians at Plataea was, it m ust he confessed, ne ither a friendlynor a politic act o f Athens ; it shows the exasperation between Theb e sand Athens which followed the victory o f Leuctra. But this was o f
little consequence now. The Hierom nem on sent for Aeschines, and
asked him to attend the Am phictyonic m ee ting on that day in his place ,as if he were a de legate with full powers, and defend Athens against theLocrian accusation . Aeschines was therefore present at the m eeting byspecial authority. As he began to speak , apparen tly referring in som e
excitem ent to the threatened charge against Athens, he was rude lyinterrupted by an Am phissian, who protested against the very m entiono f the Athenians, declaring that they should b e shut out o f the tem ple asaccursed because o f the ir alliance with the Phocians. Aeschines repliedin great anger ; and am ong other retorts “ it occurred to him tom ention the im pie ty o f the Am phissians in encroaching o n the sacred
rdr radar r o d’
At 6hh tn o : 61 600» 7806).e (1m 1 6h“. See X en . Hell. V I . 4 , 2 .
In an Attic decree o f 369—368 (C . I . Att. II . no . relating to the tyrantDionysius,
itwas vo ted, r cptm‘v raw7pamtdrwv a
’
w(r eader Atovtiatos, r fj: olxodo ula : rat? rei-I
Italrij: elpfim : rod: o va/46x00: 661 m eld ers cl: rdv 61311011 . See Kiihler, Herm esXXVI . p. 45 (no te), who refers to a Delphic inscriptio n in the Mittheil. d. deutsch .
Instit. (Athen), 1880, p. 203, relating to the resto ration o f the tem ple : t ler thinks
this inscription canno t b e m uch later than the b eginning o f the 4th cent. B.C. In the
Bulletin de Co rresp . Hellen . fo r 1896, Hom olle gives a history o f the vario us tem ples
o f Delphi, based on the latest disco veries o f the French : see pp. 677—701 , Le rau bs
y et-is (b uilt in the fo urth century He pub lishes the inscriptio n ab ove m entio ned
and discusses it at length . His conclusio ns are generally co nfim iato ry o f what was
already known : (1 ) the old tem ple was destro yed ab o ut 373—372 B.C. b y an earth
quake (no t b y fire , as had b een assum ed) ; (2) a generalsub scriptio n was opened in
37 1 fo r reb uilding the tem ple ; 3) in 35 1— 34 7 the b uilding was erected as far as the
epistyles (see b elow) ; (4) in 339 the new tem ple , no t yet dedicated, was in a conditio n
to receive the shields which the Athenians affixed to its architraves ; (5) the tem ple
was finished in 330—329. Two inscriptio ns are published in the sam e volum e o f the
Bulletin : see 1. 28, 29, rpt-
ykrilpw 611418451111 and im m 82, o n which Bo urguet
(p. 2 1 7) rem arks, On sait que l'édifice auquele'taient destinées ces pieces d
’
archi
tecture est le tem ple lui-m ém e. Onze de ces triglyphes et cinq de ces epistylesétaient ceux de fronto n Ouest ; la douz iem e triglyphe et le sixiem e e
'
pistyle , ceux dareto urd
’
angle S . O .
The disputed expressio n (Aesch . III . d caer f pd: rdv xatvdr vedw rplr
ééapéo aa oa t (the reading now generally adopted), is referred b y KOhler to som e
religio us cerem ony o f dedicatio n : see 00m be N3 0545dpeo r vjpto v in C . I . Att. I I .
no . 403 , 45 , also Add. 4056, 16. For eioépepov 667m . (Aesch . I I I . 1 16) and
irayévrwv (Dem . C01 . see no te o n the latter passage .
339 B.C. ] AM PHISS/AN WAR .
and accursed plains o f Cirrha, which had been solem nly devoted toeverlasting steri lity and desolation by the Am phictyon ic Council about250 years before, o n the m otion o f Solon ‘
, at the end o f the firstSacred War.
73 . Cirrhawas the ancient seaport o f Delphi on the Gulf o fCorinth ,while Crissa (often confounded with it) was a town on the height abovethe river Pleistus, o n the road to Delphi (near the m odernThe broad plain o fCirrha, one o f the m ost fertile in Greece, lay betweenthe foot o f Parnassus and the
“
coast, and was called by both nam esCirrhaean and Crissaean . In obedience to the Am phictyonic curse ,Cirrha with its harbour was destroyed, and the plain had rem ained nu
cultivated until recently, when the Am phissians had re- established theancient port as a convenient landing- place for visitors to De lphi, andlevied tolls on those who used it. They had also cultivated a part o fthe accursed plain and erected buildings upon it . The Am phictyonsseem to have quietly acquiesced in this violation o f the sacred edict,doubtless seeing the advantage o f the newly opened port to them selvesand others, and thinking little o f the alm ost forgotten curse . But theywere not proof against the arts and e loquence o f an accom plishedAthenian orator, who ingeniously presented the case in im passionedlanguage and with powerfu l appeals to the prejudices and the bigotryo f an antiquated religious assem bly
,with which a venerable curse had
greater weight than the strongest political m otives or the abstract ideao f He llen ic unity. From the hill near Delphi where the Am phictyo nicCouncil sat under the open sky, there is a m agnificent viewo f the sacredplain, extending to the gulf o f Corinth . Here Aeschines stood in theexcited assem b ly, and showed them the plantations and buildings o f theAm phissians on the forb idden land ; and he caused the terrific im precations o f the ancient curse to be repeated, which declared any m an,
city, or state , which should cultivate or occupy the plain o f Cirrha,accursed o f Apollo, Artem is, Le to, and Athena, and devoted to utterdestruction with their houses and the ir race . He rem inded them that
1 Aesch. 111 . 1 15— 1 18. The destruction o f Cirrha and the consecration o f its
plain to ok place in 586B.C.,at the end o f the ten years ’ SacredWar. (See Clinto n ,
Fasti Hellen . )2 The walls o f Crissa, enclo sing a large space o n the b rink o f the cliff, are stillto
b e seen, tho ugh b uried and o vergrown so as o ften to escape o b servation. They arean excellent exam ple o f the wall- b uilding with which Thucydides (1. 93) co ntrasts thewalls o f Them istocles, consisting o f two thin . shells o f stone , with rub ble and clayb etween them . Apparent rem ains o f the m oles o f the accursed harb o ur o f Cirrha are
also to b e seen o n the sho re o f the gulf.
G. D.
290 H ISTORICAL SKETCH. [339
the sam e curse was invoked on allwho should perm it others to violatethe sacred edict. We cannot wonder that the whole assem blage wasfired with fierce enthusiasm to avenge the wrongs o f Apollo upon thesacrilegious Am phissians. When Aeschines had finished his speech, ashe tells the court, the question o f the Athenian shie lds was whollyforgotten , and the only thought was o f the punishm ent o f the Am phissians. The flam e had now been kindled, which was to end in the
co nflagration that Philip was eager to see . An Am phictyonic war wasbegun, which could b e ended only by the intervention o f Philip and hisarm y. Thebes and Thessaly could now be un ited in a co m m o n causewith Philip ‘.
74 . Late in the day the m ee ting adjourned ; anda herald was orderedto proclaim that allDelphians, freem en and slaves, above the age o f
eighteen, should m eet the next m orning at daybreak with spades and
picks, ready for serious work ; that allthe Am phictyonic delegates (o fbo th classes) should convene at the sam e place, to aid the God and
the sacred land ” ; and that any state which failed to obey should beaccursed and excluded from the tem ple. This Am phictyonic m o b
assem bled and descended to the plain, where they burned the housesand destroyed the m oles which enclosed the harbour. On their wayback to Delphi, they were attacked by a crowd from Am phissa, whichlay about seven m iles west o f De lphi, and bare ly escaped with theirlives : som e o f the Council were captured . The next day an Am phictyonic Assem bly (éxxkqo -
t’
a) was sum m oned, consisting o f the de legatesand allother citizens of Am phictyonic states who happened to be at
Delphi. This bo dy voted that the Hierom nem o ns, after consultingtheir respective states, should m eet at Therm opylae at som e tim e beforethe regular autum nal m eeting o f the Council, prepared to take som edefinite action concerning the Am phissians
“. When this vote was first
reported at Athens by her delegates, the people “ took the pious side
(as Aeschines calls it) ; but a fewdays later, after a little considerationandwhen the influence o f Dem osthenes hadprevailed , it was voted thatthe Athenian delegates should proceed to Therm opylae and Delphi atthe tim es appointed by our ancestors, and further that no Atheniandelegates should take any part in the irregu lar m eeting at Therm opylae,e ither in speech or in action .
”This wise step precluded Athens in the
m ost public m anner from taking any part in the m ad Sacred Warwhich
1 Aesch . 111 . 1 19—1 22 .
This seem s to b e the m eaning o f the o b scure wo rds (Aesch . (” was
867 114 a’
8 7 : 61m : 6161101160 0!
292 HISTORI CAL SKE TCII . L339.
76. Dem osthenes, aswe have seen, describes the action o fAeschinesin stirring up the new Sacred War very briefly, representing it as a
deliberate plot, devised by Philip andexecuted by Aeschines, fo r securingPhilip and his arm y free adm ission into Greece to attack Athens. He
m en tions the choice o f Philip as general after the failure o f the firstcam paign against Am phissa, and adds that Philip im m ediate ly collectedan arm y and entered Greece, professedly bound for the plain o fCirrha ;b ut that he suddenly bade the Cirrhaeans and Locrians a long farewe ll,and seiz ed and fortified Elatea. This old Phocian town, which hadbeen dism antled in 346 B.C. , held a m ilitary position o f the greatestim portance for Philip’s plans. It stood at the outlet of one o f the chiefpasses leading from Therm opylae , and it com m anded the broad plainthrough which the Cephisus flows o n its way to Boeotia. It was alsothe key to the rough roads leading westward to Doris and Am phissa.
From this point Philip threatened both Athens and Thebes so directlyas to leave no doubt o f his purpose in entering Greece. He hoped thatthe traditional feud between Athens and Thebes would bring Thebesinto his alliance ; but b e trusted to his com m anding position on the
frontier of Boeotia to convince her that her only h0pe o f safety lay inhis friendship . The prospect o f Boeotia being the seat of war was an
alarm ing one , from which a united invasion o f Attica by Thebes and
Philip was the on ly sure escape ‘. Dem osthenes states that the Macedo nian party in both Athens and Thebes had long been fom entingdiscord between the two cities, which were now so estranged that Philipfelt that there was no possibility o f their uniting against him . The
public docum ents quoted as proof o f this enm ity are unfortunatelylost“.
At the sam e tim e with his se iz ure o f Elatea (in the late autum n
o f 339) Philip took possession o f Cytinium , one o f the towns o f the
ancient Dorian Tetrapolis near Parnassus'.
77. We are alm ost wholly dependent on Dem osthenes for what weknow o f the skilful diplom acy by which Thebes was secured as an al lyo f Athens against Philip ‘. This was the crowning achievem ent o f thepolitical life of Dem osthenes, and he always alludes to it with honest
pride . We have his own graphic story o f the wild excitem en t atAthens
1 Dem . Co r. 2 1 3 .
3 Ib id. 163— 168 .
3 See Philo ch . frag . 135, under Avcmaxwm (archon 339 61 ! rod
cI’tM'r'r ov xarahafiérros
’Ehdre¢av xall m w m lt péa
'
fiets réprpan'
os elr 9 135113. Fo r
the Dorian Tetrapolis see Grote 11 . 387, 388.
See Dem . Cor. 169— 188, 2 1 1—2 16.
338 B.C. ] ALLIANCE OF ATHENS AND THEBE S . 293
when a m essenger at evening brought the news from Elatea, and o f the
solem n m eeting o f the people the next m orning when he m ade hisspeech, fu ll o f dign ified eloquence , by which he laid the foundation fora right understanding with Thebes and secured the appointm ent o f afriendly em bassy
,o f which he was him self the leader. He then de
scribes briefly but clearly the critical negotiations with Thebes, whichended in a treaty of al liance . We are no t inform ed o f the details o f
this treaty ; but the carping criticism s o f Aeschines indicate that theliberal spirit towards Thebes which inspired Dem osthenes in his firstproposals was fe lt in allthe negotiations. Aeschines gives o ne im portan titem , designed to protect the alliance against the defection o f any
Boeotian cities to Philip . This provided that in cas e o f any such defeetion “Athens wouldstand by the Boeotians atThebes Dem osthenesbrings forward a le tter addressed by Philip to his form er friends in Pelo
ponnesuswhen the Thebans deserted him , in which he solicits the ir helpon the ground that he is waging an Am phictyon ic war in a holy cause“.During the cam paign which followed
,Dem osthenes appears to have
had equal influence at Athens and at Thebes. Theopom pus says thatthe generals at Athens and the Bo eo tarchs at Thebes were equallyobedien t to his com m ands, and that the public assem bly o f Thebes wasruled by him as absolutely as that o f Athens“.
78: Of the cam paign itself very little is known . We hear o f onewinter battle ”
and o ne“battle by the river, in which the allies were
victorious‘. These victories were ce lebrated by festivals and thanksgivings ; and they caused Philip to renew his solicitations for help inletters to the Pe loponnesians
‘. The alliance with Thebes was so
popular in Athens, that Dem osthenes, as its author,was publicly crowned
at the Great Dionysia in the spring o f 3 The allies sufl'
ered o ne
serious defeat near Am phissa, which Philip— perhaps fo r the sake o f
1 Aesch . 111 . 14 2 .
Dem . Cor. 156, 1 58 .
3 Theopom p. fr. 2 39 : see Plut. Dem . 18 : flfl pe‘refv 6G Mirror f or): ” par
-an on):
Amwaflé n: irotofivras 76 f poo'
rarrbm ov dkha m l fiowrdpxas, Grotxei‘
a'Oat dé
rd: émrkno'las Ardo ur 066611 61 1 0: éxeb ov rdrc 7 811 rd:
’A01jvafwv.
TheOpom pus adds 6,81s and rap’
affair, which Plutarch corrects to m l s poo
17116117 1113 . This is a continuation o f the passage quo ted in 78, n . 4, p . 294.
Dem . Co r. 2 16, 2 1 7 . See inscriptions in which Athenians are hono ured for
b ravery in b attles in this year, C . I . Att. 11. no . 562 , with Kohler’s rem arks. See
Schae fer 11 . 556.
5 Dem . Co r. 2 18, 2 22 .
6 Ib id. 2 2 2, 2 23.
294 HISTORICAL SKETCH [Aug . o r Sept.
appearances—finally attacked . By a cunn ing stratagem , Philip causedthe Greeks to withdraw from the passes leading to Am phissa, while hem arched through them and destro yed the allied arm y which m et him on
the other side . This consisted o f a Theban force under Proxenus, andm ercenaries under Chares whom Athens had sent to protect
Am phissa. Philip attacked these two forces separately and destroyedthem easily He then took Am phissa and destroyed it'. He alsocaptured Naupactus, put to death the Achaean garrison with its com
m ander Pausan ias, and gave the town to the Ae tolians, thus fulfillinga prom ise which he had m ade four years before“. At som e tim e duringthis cam paign, perhaps after his victory at Am phissa, he sent a heraldwith proposals o f peace to Thebes and Athens, which, it appears,the Bo eo tarchs were at first inclined to entertain . Even at Athens a
peace-party appeared, with Phocion as its advocate ‘. Aeschines relatesthat Dem osthenes was so disturbed by the peace - m ovem en t at Thebes,that he threatened to propose a bill to send an em bas sy to Thebes toask for the Athenian arm y a free passage through Boeotia to attackPhilip 5 . We hear no m ore of this m ovem ent, anda visit o f Dem osthenesto Thebes probably brought it to an end.
79. Our accounts o f the battle o f Chaeronea are as m eagre as
those o f the preceding cam paign . We depend chiefly o n Diodorus,
who devotes the greate r part o f his short account to the exploits of theyoung Alexander, then eighteen years old, to whom his father gave thecom m and o f one wing, “supported by his m ost distinguishedThis decisive battle was fought on the seventh o f Metageitnion, the
1 Polyaen . lv . 2 , 8.
3 Ib id. (end) ; Strab . 4 2 7 , xa7 éa'
n 0'
av 6’01779711 01 See Aesch .
" I . 14 7 .
3 See Schaefer 11 . 559, with n . 2 . He thus resto res (from Suid. , 611
Naw drm y, and Zeno b ius , Paro em . Gr. v 1 . 33) Theo pom p . frag . 46:“Mir-t o: at?”N019170117 0»
’
Ax¢u é‘
w ¢povp0i1s dtréo'
M e m l 110110111 4011 dpxorra ¢po upas
21 1m m ». (See Jahrb . d. Philol. 1859, p . Strab . 4 27 , £07 : a: rib A1.-um ;
(Nath an-
01)c lx’
t ov Dem . 1x. 34 , 0611’Axaré
‘
n1 Nah um-
011
Alrwho‘
c'
: 1 011061600411 See 5 59, p. 275, n . 4 (ab ove).
Plut. Phoc. 16; Schaefer 11. 559, 560. Phocio n is pro bably the generalagainstwhom Dem osthenes m ade his fam o us threat(Aesch . a
'
667 1: 067 13 76» 07 1107 117 1311
£451; wads/1:01 Bdu n rpb: 76avpa‘
nf-ywv . See Plut. Dem . 18
067 10 Gé Kai W i per 6M 707 06M7 090: (n o ! 1507 6 70! 11311
4104 1 17011 ér urnpuxaieo'Oa: Geém rov elpfln yr, 67106111 a: rip RAMA: 70 6000: m l
01111650»v t pd: 7012001011 . See 5 77, n . 3, p. 293 .
5 Aesch . 111 . 148— 151 .
3 Biod. xvr. 86.
2 96 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [33s
viding that allslaves in the m ines and the country districts who wou lden list shou ld be free, and that exiles shou ld be recalled, public debtorsand other should be restored to the ir rights, and m etics shouldbe m ade citiz ens, on the sam e condition . It was hoped that these lastm easures m ight furn ish a force o f m en fo r im m ediate defence ’.It was also voted to bring the wom en and chi ldren and such sacredproperty as was m ovable from unprotected places in to the Piraeus“.Lycurgus, who had charge o f the finances, did wonders in replenishingthe em pty treasury, and in providing arm s and ships for the em ergency“.Large sum s o f m oney were raised by private contributions, the 11:76AMe’
vrtddo ’
ets o f C01 . 1 7 1 , Dem osthenes giving o ne talen t. Dem osthenesdevoted him self especially to preparing the city for im m ediate defence,especially by repairing the dilapidated walls and other defences and byraising m oney for this object ‘. In ado pting allthese energetic m easuresthe people showed that the spirit of Marathon and Salam is was no t
wholly extinct at Athens“.8 1 . When Philip heard o f these preparations for receiving him , b e
naturally thought seriously o f his next steps. He seem s to have felt nodoubt about the treatm ent o f Thebes. As a form er ally, who hadde liberately turned against him at a critical m om ent, she could expectonly severe punishm ent . Accordingly, he com pelled her to ransom her
prisoners and even to payfor the right to bury her dead atChaeronea“;he broke up the Boeotian confederacy and m ade allthe other townsindependent o f Thebes ; he placed a Macedonian garrison in theCadm ea and he recalled the exiles who were opposed to the Athe
nian alliance, and established from these a judicial council o f threehundred. Som e o f the old leaders were exiled, and others put to deathand their estates were confiscated ". Philip’s knowledge o f the position
1 Lycurg . Leoc. 37, 4 1 Hyper. fr. 29 (BL). When Hyperides was indicted bywad") t aparbpm fo r the illegality o f som e o f these m easures , he replied:
110: 76Maxe66vw11 d a'
0611 76MW“ 67 110410, 1) 6’iv X tu pawelg ndx
'
q.
See Vit. x. Orat. 849 A fo r this, and fo r the quo tation in the preceding no te .
3 Ib id. 852 c ; Paus. 1 . 29, 16.
See Co r. 248"
and no te ; Lycurg . Leo c. 4 4 . Aeschines, 111 . 236, casts a slur
upon the patrio tic fervo ur with which this wo rk was do ne : 06yap r eptxapaxrbdm a
xpi) 76 7 11x111 o t
'
r6e rdcpo v: 61114001011: dveh én a 76» 67106: wer ohtrevnévov 6wp¢ds
5 On the b ehaviour o f Athens afterChaeronea see . in general, Schaefer 111 . 4— 16,
with the references.
Justin lx. Thebano rum po rro no n m odo captivo s verum etiam interfecto rum
sepulturam vendidit.
7 Biod. xv 1. 87 ; Paus . 1x. 1 , 8 ; Justin xx. 4 .
337 B.C. ] PEACE OF DEMADES.
o f Athens in Greece probably convinced him that it would be the worstpossible policy fo r him to treat her in this way. After the activem easures taken by the Athenians their city cou ld no t b e taken withouta siege
,which m ight be protracted into the winter and such treatm en t
would unite Athens against him in hopeless enm ity. He fortunatelyhad a good, though unprincipled, adviser at hand, the Athen ianDem ades. He was taken prisoner at Chaero nea, but had ingratiatedhim se lf with Philip by his m anners and his good advice , so that he wasreleased and rem ained as a friend in the king’s cam p . He haddoubtlessconfirm ed Philip’s Opinion about the best policy to be pursued withAthens, by rem inding him o f the large and influential Macedonian partythere, which was then out o f favour but m ight be restored to influenceby gentle treatm ent and friendly words at the present crisis. Philipaccordingly sent him as a m essenger to Athens ] . He m ust have sentassurances o f his friendly disposition and o f his willingness to granther any reaso nable requests ; and the Athenians replied by sendingDem ades, Aeschines, and probably Phocion as envoys to Philip, to askfo r a re lease o f the Athenian captives ’ . Philip received this em bassywith great cordial ity and im m ediately invited them to his table ”. He
released allthe prisoners without ransom ,and prom ised to return the
ashes o f those who had fallen . He sent these rem ains to Athens incharge o f no less a person than Antipater, with whom Alexander himse lf went as a special m essenger with offers o f peace and friendship ‘ .
The result was the treaty o f peace, known as the Peace o f Dem ades, bywhich both peace and alliance were again established between PhilipandAthens. The Athen ians were to rem ain free and independent, andPhilip probably agreed never to send ships o f war into the Piraeus“
Biod. xvr. 87, where the reproach o f Dem ades to the drunken Philip imm ediately after the battle is given : 76x11: 00: 7 11601111 07
“7 1111610 01101 , 0611 rr10p 1 ,047 e Gp'
ya Osp0irou
Suid. under Aesch . 111 . 2 27 ; Dem . CO1 . 282 , 284 . For Phocionsee Schaefer 111. 25, n . 1 .
3 See no te on Cor. with the references .
See Polyh. v . 10: xwpl: Mrpwv dr ow elka: 7 06: alm ahrbrov: m l 111161 1500:
1 017701107 “when-1171167 01, £7 1 66m 0el: ’A117 11rdrp¢p 76 7 067 1011 6076. m i 7611 dim ).
harrom‘rw 7 06: t he M 0M , Justin lx . superhaec Alexandrum filium
cum am ico Antipatro , qui pacem cum his am icitiam que iungeret. Biod. 21111 . 87 .
5 Fans . VII . 10, 5 : 1 01711020: yelp nerd 76 67 6n 7 6 £11 Bu m -
02: 0611 67610770
wru n ov 1107 1511001. That Philip m ust have b o und him self neither to enter Attica withan arm y no r the Piraeus with warships, Schaefer, 111. 2 7, 28, argues fro m [Dem . ] xvn .
26, 28, 7666 Maxe6611wv. . 7 6rohm'
j0a: 62011 106011: el: 7 611 nam e
rapd 7 6: 1101116:6112: But this has no reference to the land.
298 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH . [3 7
Oropus, which had been taken from Thebes ,was now at length restoredto Athens ’. This se ttlem ent o f an ancien t dispute, though it was infavour o f Athens, m ust have been an unwe lcom e concession at thism om ent, especially to those who had recently welcom ed Theb es as a
friend and ally . Athens was to hold certain islands, am ong which wereSalam is, Sam os, and De los
’
; but all trace o f her recent alliance and
all thought o f m aritim e em pire had disappeared for ever’. Philipleft it open to her to join the general Greek League which heproposed to form , and o f which he was to be the head. This stepwould sacrifice the independence of Athens in m any points, and wedo no t know what argum ents were used to induce her to becom e a
m em ber. But in the absence o f Dem osthenes, and in spite of
scruples o f Phocion, who asked for m ore tim e to consider the
question, the Assem bly adopted the proposals o f Dem ades in full,and these m ade Athens a m em ber o f the League ‘. By this step,which was probably a necessary o ne under the circum stances, Athensceased to have any independent political existence ; and the peaceo f Dem ades ends her history as a free state and as a power in the
Hellenic world .
82 . The feeling o f Dem osthenes about this peace after eight years’
experience is seen in Cor. 89. While he doubtless acquiesced quietlyin it at the beginning“, he never forgot the bitter hum iliation . Underthe influence o f this quiet subm issio n to Philip’s authority, cloakedunder the nam e o f independence , the Macedonian party, with Aeschines
See Schol. to Dem . Co r. 99 (p . 259, Dem ades frag . 1 . 9 (Dido t): 67 71031101101wthit m p 7 1pds
°
0611 6111106001 . 6101 011011: 7641 alm hdrrov: 411611 7167v x01 xthta
t ohtré‘
w 0161107 0 xwpl: lrrjpvxo : 1101 7611’
0pm r6v dn v 7 11603610: 11066» 611211 7 0177’
11 110410. This seem s to im ply that Philip included the transfer o f Oropus in his
originalm essage sent by Dem ades (see Schaefer 111 .9 For the islands left to Athens see Schaefer m . 28, n . 1 .
3 Paus. I. 25, 3 : 767011 67 11x1700 76611 X01pm 1610611 001 7 01:"
Em 131156 1101106'
1 017110101: 66 Am 0111106116110: (se . 617791 006: 1111711070 6101111006, ” 30011: 7 6
d¢6h61161109 x01 6: 7 6, 00117 1116, 1 01500: 11117071 . Of co urse Athens now lost her controlo f the Hellespo nt, with the Cherso nese and Byzantium .
Plut. Phoc . 16: 666 (se . 4111111111111) 7 1111 11611 7 06 h Mfl rou 1 07117 61011 1101
¢1h0110p1111 61011 15567 0 rp0066x60001 A1; /106W 66 7 pd¢10rr0: 61m : 1) 067 6x01
7 13: elprjm : 1101 7 06011116601011 7 02:"
Ehhrww, 0611 610 rp67 06 7 11v 7 1110 4117117 1 0:
0117 155 7 61160001 rapd 76v‘
Ehhrjvw 06116061 . See [Dem . ] xvu . 30: 7 4100761 7002 7 “
0100611011 , 66x flouha'
m wa 61min ): m réxew, which Schaefer (111 . 29, n . 3)refers to this questio n cf. Suidas, Dem ades 3) 67410116 66 1101 1116010110 7641171117 7 4:
"
EM -
17110: 61 011066111.5 Dem osthenes, C01 . 23 1 , refers to the good fo rtune o f Athens in escaping the
fate o f Theb es .
30° H ISTORICAL SKETCH .
TABLE OF DATES .
B.C.
384—383 . Birth o f Dem osthenes and (probably) Aristotle
38 2—381 . Birth of Philip of Macedon
379—378. Spartan garrison expelled from Theban Cadm ea.
3 78—377 . Form ation o f new m aritim e confederacy of Athens.
Financial reform s o f Nausinicus . Introduction o f sym
m ories for theproperty tax.
376—3 75. Death of Dem osthenes, father o f the orator. Guardians
appointed for the son . (gBattle o f Naxos (Sept.
37 1—370. Battle o f Leuctra (July
366—365. Dem osthenes com es o f age at 1 8 : devotes two years to
preparation for the lawsuit against his guardians, underlegal advice o f Isaeus
364—363 . Trial o f suit against Apho bus 9,
362—361 . Battle o f Mantinea and death o f Epam inondas
Suit of Dem osthenes against Onetor (5359
-
358. Accession o f Philip o f Macedon (5Artaxerxes III . (Ochus) becom es king o f Persia.
358—357 . Establishm ent of sym m ories for the trierarchy by law of
Periander.
357—356. Athen ian expedition to Euboea and freedom o f the island
from the Thebans Outbreak o f Social War
(autum n o f 357) Phi lip captures Am phipolis,which leads to warwith Athens He takes Pydnaand Potidaea from Athens, gives Potidaea to Olynthus,and founds Philippi
356—355.—Birth o f Alexander the Great, July 2 1 , 356
Beginning o f Sacred (Pho cian) War : seiz ure of tem ple o fDelphi by Philom elus 4,
End o f Social War, spring o f 355355—354 . Speeches of Dem osthenes against Androtio n and against
Leptines
1 The references in are m ade to sections o f the HistoricalSketch.
TABLE OF DATE S. 301
354—353 . Eubulus takes direction o f finances o f Athens.
Speech o f Dem osthenes o n the Sym m ories 1
Philom elus killed . Sacred War continued by Onom archus .
Spoliation o f tem ple o f Delphi.
353—352 . Philip takes Methone from Athens
He attacks and defeats Lycophron o f Pherae ; has battleswith Phayllus and Onom archus, and finally defeatsOno m archus, who is slain . Philip secures control o f
Gulf o f Pagasae .
Speeches o f Dem osthenes against Tim ocrates and for the
Megalopolitans 1
Athens sends force to Therm opylae and closes the passto Philip , before m idsum m er 352
352—35 1 . Philip besieges Heraion Teicho s in Thrace, Nov . 352
First Philippic o f Dem osthenes, spring o f 351
35 1— 350. Speech o f Dem o sthenes for the Rhodians (5Athens sends Phocion with an arm y to help Plutarchusin Euboea (Feb . Battle of Tam ynae (March).
r4
Midias assaults Dem osthenes at the Great Dionysia (Marchand is condem ned by vote o f the Assem bly
349 348. Dem osthenes Senator (Schaefer 11. He writes speechagainst Midias, no t delivered
Philip attacks the Olynthian confederation and besiegesOlynthus. Alliance o f Olynthus wi th AthensDem osthenes delivers his three Olynthiacs Philipsends peaceful m essages to Athens and releases Phrynon
1 8)348 347 . Philocrates proposes negotiations for peace with Philip, is
indicted therefor and acquittedOlynthus captured by Philip, with allits confederate towns
(early autum n o f consternation throughout Greece16,
M ission o f Aristodem us to PhilipMovem ent o f Eubulus and Aeschines against Philip, andem bassies to Greek states 20
,
347 Them istocles Archon at Athens. Dem osthenes againSenator 1 9,
1 For the divisio n o f m onths in 34 7—346D.C. , and the dates according to our
Calendar, see pp. 306, 307 .
302 HISTOR ICAL SKE TCH .
347—346. Aristodem us returns with friendly m essages from Philip,
and is crowned o n m otion o f Dem osthenesTheb ans and Phocians both exhausted by Sacred War.
Phocians ask aid from Athens (early in b ut rejectit when sent. 2 3 ,
On m otion o f Philocrates (Feb . ten envoys are sentto Philip to propose negotiations for peace (FirstEm bassy). Envoys return end o f March. (g 25
Two m eetings o f Assem bly, to discuss term s o f peace withPhilip’s envoys, 1 8th and rgth o f Elaphebolion (April1 5, 346: peace form al ly voted o n second day.
(S z 9
Sam e envoys sent again to Philip, to rat ify the peace
(Second Em bassy)Mee ting o f Assem bly on 25th o f Elaphebolion (AprilDem osthenes presiding
Address o f Isocrates to Philip (em u-roe).
Decree o f Senate ordering the departure o f the Em bassy,3rd o f Munychion (April 29)
Return o fEm bassy to Athens,1 3th ofScirophorion (July
Reports to Senate and Assem bly. Philip already at
Therm opylae. Assem bly votes (16th o f Scir. , July 10)to com pel the Phocians to deliver the tem ple o f Delphito the Am phictyons .
”
43
Ten envoys (Third Em bassy) sent by Athens to Therm opylae, to report the action o f the Assem bly to Philip :they depart about the arst o f Scirophorion (July
(g 45:Phalaecus surrendersTherm opylae to Philip 23rdo fSciroph.
(July The Athenian envoys hear this news at
Chalcis and return . M eeting of Assem bly in Piraeus
(a7th o f Scir. , Ju ly Em bassy ordered to proceedto Therm opylae, and departs at once. (a 46
End o f Sacred War.
Dem osthenes and Tim archus begin pro ceedings againstAeschines for r aparpeafieia.
346—345. Archias Archon . Philip sum m ons Am phictyonic Council,
which expels the Phocians and gives their two votes toPhilip . Terrible punishm ent of the Phocians.
Philip celebrates the Pythian gam es (Sept. Am
304
34 1-
340
340 339.
339 338
338 337
33 7—336
HISTOR ICAL SKETCH .
Anaxinus o f Oreus executed as a spy at Athens (5League against Philip form ed by Dem osthenes and
Callias of Chalcis (5563,Dem osthenes crowned
.
at the Great Dionysia for his
success in liberating Euboea (5The people o f P eparethus seiz e Halonnesus and m ake theMacedon ian garrison prisoners. Philip in return ravagesP eparethus . (5 (Date ?)
Theophrastus Archon . Philip besieges Perinthus by landand sea (late sum m er o f in the autum n he raisesthis siege and attacks Byzantium . (567 ) He writes tothe Athenians (before the attack on Byzantium ), and
m akes an open declaration o f war, which Athens at
once accepts (5 Two fleets sent by Athens tore lieve Byzantium : siege raised by Philip (5 Ath e
n ian m erchant ships captured by Philip (5 nom in al
ground for declaring war.Philip attacks the Thracian Chersonese, and then (winte r)invades Scythia. Returning with large booty, he isattacked by the Triballi andwounded. 67,
Speech o f Aeschines at Delphi (spring o f which stirsup the Am phissian War (5
Am phictyonic Council (early autum n o f 339) choosesPhilip general for the Am phissian War (5 Short lyafterwards Philip passes Therm opylae and seizes Elatea
(s76)Negotiations between Athens and Thebes, ending in
alliance against Philip (5Cam paign (winter and spring): allies v ictorious in win terbattle ” and “river battle.
”
Capture o f m ercenaries anddestruction o f Am phissa by Philip. (5
Battle o f Chaeronea, 7th Metage itnion 338 (August 2 orSeptem ber utter defeat of the allies (fi 79,
Peace o f Dem ades (5Dem osthenes delivers the eulogy on those who fell in thebattle (5
Dem osthenes director o f the Theoric Fund and rap
170169 .
Ctesiphon proposes to crown Dem osthenes at the GreatDionysia (spring o f Aeschines brings a 779001)
THE ATTIC YEAR . 305
wrapavépwv against Ctesiphon. (The case cam e to trialsix years later. )
337—336. Philip assassinated, sum m er o f 336. Alexander succeeds
him .
335 334 . Rebellion o f Thebes. Alexander captures and destroysthe city (autum n o f
Alexander dem ands the delivery o fDem osthenes, Lycurgus,Hyperides, and other Athenian orators .
Aristotle returns to Athens and teaches in the Lyceum .
33 1—330. Alexander’s v ictory at Arbela (Oct. 1
,
Rebellion o f Spartan K ing Agis (early in 3 crushedby Antipater.
330 329. Aristopho n Archon . Trial of suit o f Aeschines againstCtesiphon (August Ctesiphon acquitted by m orethan four-fifths o f the votes.
3 24-
32 3 . Dem osthenes condem ned to a fine o f 50 talents for com
plicity in the afl'
air o f Harpalus. Unable to pay thefine , he went to prison , and afterwards into exile.
Death o f Alexander the Great (May, 323) at Babylon.
Trium phant recall o f Dem osthenes from exi le .
Death o fAristotle atChalcis , autum n o f 3 2 2 .
Death o f Hyperides October 5, and o f Dem osthenesOctobe r 1 2 , 3 2 2 .
THE A'
r'
rtc YEAR .
During the period with which we are here concerned,the Athenians
generally had a lunar year o f 354 days, consisting o f twe lve m onths,alternately o f 30 and 29 days, equivalent to 1 2 lunar m onths o f
295 days each . The longer m onths were cal led :rlbjpers pin s, theshorter KOaOt 716111 1 . This fell short o f the solar year by 1 1} days, thedifference in eight years am ounting to 90 days. This was regu lated bythe cum brous device o f m aking the third , fifth, and eighth year in eachcycle o f e ight years (6117067 777119) a leap yearwith 384 days, thus m akingthe num ber of days in each cycle correct. (Thus (354 x 5) (384 x 3)z 292 2 365} x The slight errors which rem ained were equated invario us ways. The natural beginning of the Attic year was the sum m ersolstice ; but the great difference in the length o f the years allowed theb eginn ing to vary from about June 16 to August 7 .
The twelve m onths in the ordinary year were as follows : 1 Hecatom baeon, 2 Metageitnion, 3Boedrom ion, 4 Pyanepsio n, 5 Maem acterion,
G. D. 20
306 H ISTORICAL SKE TCH .
6 Po sideon, 7 Gam elion, 8Anthesterion, 9 Elaphebolion, 10 Munychion,1 r Thargelion, 1 2 Scirophorion . In the leap years a m onth of thirtydays, Po sideon II .
, was intercalated after Po sideon . The sam em onths appear to have been wh ip“: and «allo t in different years . The
first day o f every m onth was generally called 110q 1110, and the last dayIn ) m i vc
’
a,old and new ; the latter nam e, which probably was first
applied to the full m onths, showing that the thirtieth day in thesem onths belonged equally to the old and the new m onth. The daysfrom the 2nd to the 9th were called Sevrépa, m in ), etc.
,som etim es with
107 071 11101: or d opc'
vov (se . 71 171162) added ; the ro th was the 861169 ; those
from the 1 1 th to the 19th were called :rpairn, 61 117 1710, etc. , wi th 611-1 6610or 71 100611102 added, though this could b e om itted when it was obviousthat the m iddle o f the m onth was m eant . The 20th was the 16161 ; and
the days from the 2 1 st to the 2 9th in the full m onths were generallycounted backwards, 81 1167 17 00610117 0: (2 rst), 611117 17, etc. to 8m 1
’
pa
W ow-roe (z 2ud, 23rd, etc . to 29th). It is generally thought that the61117 1300 41011101170: was om itted in the hollow m onths ; but Usenerthinks that the 61167 1 ; ¢01vovro s dropped out
’
The following is a possible statem ent of the arrangem ent o f thethirteen m onths in 34 7—346 B. C. , in which the peace o f Philocrates wasm ade. This was a leap year o f 384 days, beginning July 6 and endingJu ly 24 . Other arrangem ents are po ssible andperhaps equally probable ;but these would not afl
'
ect any o f the dates by m ore than a single day’
34 7—346M .
(384 days . )
1 . Hecatom baeon (30 days) begins Ju ly 6, 34 7 B .C.
2 . Metageitnion (29 August 53 . Bo edrom ion (30 Sept . 3
1 See Rhein . Mus. xxxrv . 429 : see Hist. 5 46, no te 5 . The ab o ve outline is b ased
o n Boeckh’s elabo rate investigation, Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen,
in the Jahrb iicher ftir Class . Philol. (N . Suppl. Bd t., Heft 1 Though
m any o f the details o f this system , as Boeckh stated it, have b een disputed o r co r
rected, its generalprinciple stillrem ains the basis o f o ur knowledge o f this diflicult
and com plicated sub ject.11 In this arrangem ent the system o f equivalent days adopted b y Schaeferhas been
regarded, except in the dates after the 20th o f Sciropho rion, where he assum es that
this m onth has only 29 days, and follows Usener in om itting the 61107 1) 00111027 01 . But
Schaefer, who rightly m akes the 26th o f Sciroph . =July 20. should by his systemm ake the 29th o f Sciroph . (which wo uld b e the last day o f 34 7
—346)=July 2 3. so
that the newyearwould b egin July 24 ; whereas it b egan July 25, according to Bo eckh ,p. 28, and also according to Schaefer, 11. p. 295, no te 2 .
3 18 ESSA YS . [11.
3 . It was only natural, as the dem ocracy increased in power, thatthe distinction between decrees andlaws should b e neglected, and thatthe sovereign peo ple should pass decrees which usurped the functions o flaws and violated the Spirit, if not the letter, of existing laws. We find
in the orators m any intim ations that this was a growing evil . Againstthis dangerous tendency the r apavépm v was the only legalsecurity . We cannot wonder, therefore, that this is extolled as the greats tronghold o f constitutional liberty, the chief protection o f free governm ent against lawless dem agogues. Even Aeschines, who had done asm uch as any m an to degrade the process, speaks o f it as we speak of
the 110660: corpus- 1
. It is a m ost significant fact that one o f the firststeps taken by the oligarchs who were establishing the governm ent o fFour Hundred in 4 1 1 D.C. was the suspension o f the 771001) r apavépwv
’.
4 . The principle upon which the ypadri; m pavépwv is based m us:
always b e recogniz ed wherever the legislative power is lim ited by a
superior code of laws or a written constitution to which allits enactm ents m ust conform . In such a case the allegiance o f every citizen isdue
,first and forem ost , to the superior law, as the suprem e law o f the
land, and he cannot legally be com pelled to obey the lowe r enactm ent.But
’
as each citiz en cannot b e allowed to decide for him self whether anact o f the legislature is or is no t in harm ony with the superior law
,the
decision m ust be entrusted to som e tribunal which has authority to
prevent a citiz en from suffering unjustly if he disobeys an il legal enactm ent, and also to prevent the law from being diso beyed at the capriceo f individuals .
5. This principle was first recogniz ed, so far as we know, in the
Athenian 770001) 110710116710 1 . Precisely the sam e principle is at the basiso f what is now known as
“the Am erican doctrine o f Constitutional
Law,under which the Suprem e Court o f the Un ited States has the
power to declare acts o fCongress or o f the state legislatures unco nstitutionaland to treat them as withou t authority”. The Constitution o f the
A
1 See Aesch . 1 11. 3—8 : 611 67 0h617 67 01 uépo: 01 7 1311 7 071016111011
7 p0¢01. 6166 7 067 0: 611211 67 1 7117067 6 11076. 11111151611 7 13: 7 07117 610:
7 101 r apaxwprj007 7 6: See the whole passage .
2 Thuc. V I11. 67 : 60171167 11117 dhho 11611 0156611, 0676 66 7 0177 0, 65621101 11611 0516111011
612 1
6311 7 11167117111611 611 7 1: 30671177 01
‘
rjv 66 7 1: 7611 617 6117 0 1) 7 71011 1117 01 7 011011600111
6dhhrp 7 141 7 p6rq: 11670710: h ula: 6176060011 . So Aristo t. Pol. Ath .
3 The Suprem e Courts o f the several states have the sam e right o f declaring
unconstitutio nal and null acts o f their own state legislatures, as conflicting witheither the state co nstitution o r the US . co nstitution . There is an appeal to the
Suprem e Co urt in the latter case, b ut only when the state court upheld: the
state law.
THE 7 11011117 rapavdpmv.
United States, the solem n com pact by which thirteen originally independent states were un ited in a single nation , is declared in o ne o f
its own articles to b e “ the suprem e law o f the land,” to which all
legislation o f Congress or o f the several states m ust conform ’. An
am endm ent, ratified in 1 79 1 , provides that“ the powers no t de legated
to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to thestates, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
”In the
working o f this dual system of legislation and responsibility, questionsso on arose which called for the exercise of judicial authority to determ inewhether an act o f Congress or o f a state legislatu re was in conflict withthe FederalConstitution, or whether an act of Congress usurped powerswhich the Constitution reserved to the states . This authority was
plainly vested in the Federal courts, especially in the Suprem e Court asthe highest court of appeal in the land. The power cam e by directdescent from the colonial period, when royal charters, to which thecolonial legislation m ust conform , stood in the position o f writtenconstitutions . The colon ial courts could declare laws null which wereopposed to the superior authority, and in certain cases the K ing inCouncil by decree exercised the sam e right“. After the revolution ,
before the Constitution was ratified, several states adopted the oldcharters as tem porary constitutions, and the state courts som etim esdeclared laws null which did no t conform to these ; this, however, wasno t allowed without grave oppo sition
6. It is a m istake to suppose that the Suprem e Court can declarean acr o f Congress unconstitutional and void on its own m otion. No t
only can it no t do this, but it cannot declare an act unconstitutionalsim ply because it is asked to do so by petition . To enable it to act o n
a constitutional question, a case m ust com e before it in the ordinarycourse o f litigation
,general ly when a person who feels aggrieved by the
o peration o f a lawwhich he believes to b e unconstitutionalappeals fromthe decision o f a lower court on this point and thus brings the constitu
1 Co nst. o f U. S. Art. 6: This co nstitution , and the laws o f the United States
m ade in pursuance b e the suprem e law o f the land ; and the judges inevery state shallb e b o und thereb y, anything in the constitution o rlaws o f any state to
the co ntrary no twithstanding .
”
11 A decree o f the King in Co uncil, annulling a pro vincialact o f nearly thirty years’standing, issued Feb . 1 5, 1 727
—28, is given in the Massachusetts Hist. Collections,Series V 1 . vol. 5, pp. 496
—509.
3 For the whole sub ject o fAm erican Co nstitutionalLaw, see Bryce, Am . Co m m on
wealth 1 . Chap. 23 ; and J . B. Thayer, Am . Doctrine o f Constitutio nalLaw, Boston ,
1893 .
320 ESSA YS . [11.
tionalquestion directly before the Suprem e Court in such a way that itm ust b e decided. The decision, though nom inally affecting only thelegal ity o f the appellant’s action in disobeying the law, really settles thewhole question o f the validity o f the law itself ; and it stands as a validprecedent, which allcourts m ust recogniz e, un less it is reversed by a
difl'
erent decision o n another case ’. It is, m oreover, a recogn izedprinciple in such cases, that a law is no t to be declared unconstitu tionalunless the judges are convinced that it is so beyond allreaso nabledoubt . A Federal judge m ight with perfect consistency refuse to set
aside a law as unconstitutional when as a legislator he hadvoted againstit o n this very ground“.
7 . In the com parison which we are m aking, the decrees o f theAthenian Senate and Assem bly correspond to the laws o f the U.S.
Congress, and the Solonic laws of Athens to the U.S. Constitution .
The dangers o f a dem ocracy which is no t kept in balance by theconstant pressure o f a higher law, keeping the ordinary legislation incheck,were never stated m ore clearly than by Aristotle in his discussiono f constitutional and unconstitutional dem ocracy“. His third and fourthform s of dem ocracy are those in which all citiz ens, or allwho are
dwrraim , can hold office, while law rules (dpxcw 667611 The
fifth and lowest form is that in which, other conditions being the sam e,
the m ultitude and no t the law is suprem e ; and this is when decreesand not the law are suprem e.
” “There,” he says, the people hasbecom e a m onarch, one com posed o f m any ; and it seeks to exercisem onarchical power because it is not ruled by law,
and so becom esdespotic .
” Such a dem ocracy,”he adds, “is re lated to other dem o
cracies as tyranny to other m onarchies, both having the sam e character,and both wielding a despotic power over the better part o f the state ;
4 ”
its decrees are like the tyrant’s edicts The form er is a constitu
1 A lower Federal Co urt can declare a law unconstitutional, and the decision
naturally stands as a precedent in the co urtwhich m ade it, and for o ther courts o f
the sam e grade, as regards the case in question, unless it is reversed on appealto the
Suprem e Court.2 See Thayer, ib id. pp. 1 3
—26.
3 Aristo t. Pol. v 1 . (1v . ) 4 , 55 22—28.
Aristo t. ib id. 55 24— 28 : 116111011 6
’611101 76 t hijflo: 1101 7611 1161101" 7 0670 66
7 1116701 67 011 76 m k para 1:11pm 5 dhht). 119) 6 76p 6617110: 7 11167 01,
01111067 0: 61: 611 6’ 0611 7 01067 0: 66m g 67 6 116110px0: 1611 , 1177 61“
povapxeiv 616 76
719) 6px60001 67 611611011, 1101 7 11167 01 607 111 67 010670: 655110: 61167107 011 7 1311
povapxufiv 75 rvp0w1161. 616 1102 7 61300: 760676 1101 611W 6607 07 1 116 7 1311 fleh7 16111011,
1101 76 111110101107 0 £50p 61 6? 7667 17 117 11117 0. Aristotle derives the go vernm entwhich
he calls 6607 07 1111) dpmi from the slaveholder’
s power over his slave : see Pol. 111 . 8. 2 ,
32 2 ESSA YS . [11 .
prerogatives, or im pair in the least the rights o f its two houses, orinterfere with the power of the Suprem e Court to annulunconstitutionallegislation when a case com es before it in the course o f litigation.
9. The wapavépow legally turned on the sim ple question o f
the agreem ent or disagreem ent o f a given lawor decree with the existinglaws, and the court had strictly no legal right to consider the generalquestion of the expediency or even the justice o f the enactm entwhichwas on trial. Nevertheless, the argum ents in such cases abound inappeals to the court to reject a law because it is inexpedient or unjust ;and there can be no doubt that such questions were an im portant partof the case which the judges considered. But such a natural extensiono f a counse l’s privilege cannot weigh against definite statem ents on theother side m ade by the orators ‘.
.
Ir could no t be expected that a
l itigant or advocate in Athens, addressing a large body o f judges, o f
whom few could even understand a strictly legalargum ent, should no t
try to im press them with a conviction that he had justice and expediency ,as well as law, o n his side. We can easily pardon an Athenian orato rfor availing him se lf o f this aid, when such argum ents are frequentlyaddressed to the U.S. Suprem e Court by eager counsel on questions o f
pure constitutional law, and when even the j udges in giving the irdecisions som etim es enforce their legal judgm ents by considerations o fexpediency.
to . It has som etim es been thought that a decree or a law couldbe indicted by the 7p0¢1j 1 0110116a as thexpd zbnt (0110111 76601011)But we now know from Aristotle’s Constitu tion o f Athens that the
ypacM £611 7 19 pa}611-1111561 1011 Of)“
was a distinct process from the
wapavéjw v, and it is probably the one to which the doubtful lawquoted in Dem o sth. xxiv. 33 refers, by which any one who procu red therepeal o f a law and neglected to substitute for it a new law which was
fitting (c’
m a a ov) could be indicted by a special process a.
1 See Aesch. m . 199, 000 : a'
ia'
r ep yap 611 7 1? 7 607 0111105, 67 011 411641101 fiovhdmefla 76
6p06v x02761191. 76» 110116110 007 11 £ 01 £11 7 02: 7 1104102: 7 02: 7 1611 rapavbuwv
t apdxevrat new?» 7 0661x0£011 7 0117 1 76 00 3 1011, 76W 110 01 1 0110m1161101 . 7 097 0 ” M r-11100117 0“MM ““16451501 Cf. rgr, 190 ; Dem . xxm .
100, 101 ; and see Meier and Schom ann 43 1 and no tes ; Gilb ert, Gr. Staatsalt. I .
p. 084 , u . r Thum ser-Herm ann, Staatsalt. 5 92 , n. a.
2 This view has b een defended by such passages as Poll. vm . 56. 611-
01110010 66
£07 111 67 011 7 11 1?W 000 77 11611011 7p0¢£117 0 7 1104111701 61: with V1" . 44 ,
and Lycurg . Leoc. 7. Meier andSchom ann refer allthese to the custom o f introducing
extraneous m atter into argum ents on the 1 011076110111.
3 Aristo t. Pol. Ath . 59‘ (see Sandys
’s no te) ; Dem . xxxv. 33 (law), 6011 6! 7 11 M en :
7 1907 1311 116110111 xeméwwv, 0117 ¢0fi1191 er r-M6010» 61)/up 7634017110101»54110117 100
u . THE yparpr‘
j rapavdpwv. 323
1 1 . It m ay seem strange to com pare the so lem n action o f the
U.S . Suprem e Court in dec iding a question o f constitu tional lawwiththe trial o f a citiz en at Athens, before a court consisting o f 501 , ro o r,
or 1 50: ordinary m en, chosen by lot from the great body o f citiz ens,for proposing an unconsti tu tional decree or law. Both courts, however,have the sam e solem n duty to perform , that o f deciding whether a
given enactm ent is o r is no t in conflict with a superior code. Athens,like the United States, assigned this duty to the highest court in herjudicial system (to which the Areopagus hardly belonged). When weleave the fundam ental principle and com e to the details, the difl
'
erences
are m ore striking. The m ost serious fault in the Athen ian process wasits personal character as a crim inal su it, which any citiz en could bringdirectly before the cou rt, and the liability o f the defendan t to bepunished at the discretion of the court by a fine (som etim es set as highas 100 talents) or even by death . This o f course em bittered the wholeprocess, which som etim es degenerated into a vituperative quarre l o f
rival litigants. This evil was to a great extent rem oved after the expi
ration o f a year, when the process becam e a sober and dignified trial o fa legal question, the nom inal defendant being now exposed to no
personal risk. We m ay fairly com pare the argum en ts addressed to thejudges in such cases (as in that of Leptines), after m aking due allowancefor the com position o f the court,with those addressed to m odern j udgesin sim ilar cases.
1 2 . Another im portant distinction cam e from the great num berand variety o f the m atters dealt with in the Solonic law, com pared withthe few general principles laid down in the U.S. Constitution . Thism ultiplied the cases o f confl ict (real or supposed) o f decrees withlaws, and m ade it m ore difficult to avoid confl icts in proposing decrees .
And m any o f these conflicts related far less to serious questions o f lawthan to petty details o f legislation. The wide range o f questions withwhich the ypa¢7j u apavdpmv m ight be concerned, and the facility thusafforded for finding legal flaws in alm ost any decree, tem pted un
principled m en to use the process to vent their spite against personalenem ies, and to st0p or retard legislation which they could no t otherwisecheck . We see, indeed, a decided degeneration in the conduct o f thisprocess from the earlier to the later cases. A brief com parison o f the
argum ent in these cases will illustrate this. In the years 355, 353, and
7 17111 xemévwv 111104161 66101 xa1l"06706 11076. 7611 11611011 61 “210 1 £011 7 1 1 My
ém n j6e 10v 013 11611011 . This law, like o thers in the Tim ocratea, is o ften quo ted as
authentic, and is pro bably so in sub stance : see Thum ser Herm ann, Staatsalt. 5
2 1— 2
324 ESSAYS. [11.
352 D.C. Dem osthenes, as co unsel, com po sed four elaborate arg um entsagainst the constitutionality o f two laws and two decrees.
(1) In 356—355 B.C. Leptines carried a lawprov iding that hereafterno exem ption (oin
’
acu )from any of the ordinary public burdens (£7 116kAyroupyt
’
a t) should be al lowed, except to the descendan ts o f Harm odiusand Aristogito n . This law was indicted by the ypatjnj 170410116, s as
soon as it was enacted, and its operation was suspended . The chiefaccuser Bathippus died, and the case went over into the followingyear (355 when Leptines was free from personal responsibility ‘.There were now two prosecutors, Apsephion, so n o f Bathippus, and
Ctesippus, son o f the general Chabrias. Dem osthenes m ade his argum ent against the law as the representative (o-
i yopo s) o f Ctesippus ’.His speech is a 6cvrepoltoyofa , Phom i io , the advocate o f Apsephio n, as
the e lder m an (or the advocate o f the e lder prosecutor) having spokenfirst : this accoun ts for the brevity with which Dem osthenes speaks on
som e legal points which Phorm io had probably dwelt upon . Dem osthenes urges the following legal points
(a) The form alities for enacting a law required by the Solonic law
(5 2 above) were no t observed by Leptines.
(b) The Solonic law requires that allgifts m ade by the people shallrem ain valid Stnpetds 6 36011“ 1111111509
(1) The decree of Diophantus (passed in 4 1 which was so lem nlyratified by the oath o f the people and inscribed o n a colum n
, providedthat all who should fall in defending the dem ocratic governm entagainst tyrants should rece ive, for them selves and their descendan ts, thesam e honours which were given to Harm odius andAristogiton.
(07) Many foreign benefactors o f the state will b e defrauded o f theirprom ised rewards.
(e) While the lawallows only o ne penalty to b e im posed by a courtfo r a single offence, Leptines im poses two , and even three
‘.
(2) In 355 B.C. , before the case o f Leptines was tried , Dem osthenes com posed his speech against Andro tio n for a client, Diodorus, to
1 This appears in the title o f the speech o f Dem osthenes, 7 p61 Aer rlrw, no t 11076.
Am fvou. See Meier and Schiim ann , p. 203.
For a discussion o f this po int see Sandys’
s Leptines , pp. xxiv . , xxviii. Cf. Dion .
Hal. ad Am m . 1 . 4 , p. 724, 6r ep! 7 611 d‘rd mfiv , 611 06761 616067 0.
I co nfine m yself to the chief legalargum ents .
On the last argum ent see Sandys’
s no te on 9 1 56, with the quotations fromWesterm ann and Dareste . Argum ents (c) and (d) pro bably relate to the sam e law
with
326 ESSAYS . [11.
(d) The lawforbids any o ne to petition the Senate or the Assem blyto take action on any case which a court has decided but Tim ocrates
propo ses to require the Assem bly to act in such cases even withouta petition .
(e) The law o f Tim ocrates creates a privilegium , as it gran tsprivileges to som e but excludes others , which the So lonic law forbids.
(4 ) In 352 B.C. Dem osthenes wrote a speech fo r Euthycles, whoindicted a decree o f Aristocrates, providing that any one who killed the
general of m ercenaries and freebooter, Charidem us, should be outlawed
(67674109) in all the dom in ions o f Athens. The legal argum ent here
(18—94) is especially im portant . The orator quotes the greater partof the Draconic law o f hom icide, expounding it carefully, and showinghow the bill o f Aristocrates violates it in alm ost every particular.We learn from this argum ent that the Draconic law dealt chiefly withprovisions for protecting the hom icide from the earlier outlawry, whichAristocrates now proposed to re - establish legally, and for bringing himunder the jurisdiction o f courts and the protection o f the law.
When we com e from these legal argum ents to the speech o f
Aeschines against Ctesiphon, we are struck at once, in the greater parto f it, by the alm ost total absence of allthat m akes the ypadnjwapavdpu v
worthy o f its nam e. Aeschines devotes less than a tenth o f his speechto a strictly legal argum ent, that o n the responsibility o f Dem osthenesas a m agistrate ; this is the strongest (though also the sm allest) point inhis argum ent, and he elaborates it with great skill and cogent reasoning.
He also speaks m ore briefly o f another legal point, the question o f theplace of proclam ation ; but this concerns a law of which we have littleknowledge . The greater part o f the speech is taken up with a m ostabsurd attem pt to connect his general account o f the public life and thecharacter o f Dem osthenes with his legal argum ent . He charges thereferences to Dem osthenes in Ctesiphon
’s decree, in which he is said
to seek the best interests o f Athens in allthat he says and does, withviolating the lawforbidding Me falsification of flu public records ! Thisis his m ost elaborate argum ent, the one on which he m ost depends .
It is absurd to suppose that the law in question had any reference to a
case like this : this would have exposed every personal com plim ent ina laudatory decree to public prosecution at any one
’
s will . It clearlyrelated to m al icious and fraudulent falsification o f the public records inthe Metroum by adding, erasing, or changing. And yet this is broughtforward soberly and earnestly by Aeschines as a legal argum ent insupport o f his indictm ent. Of course Dem osthenes, as the defendant
’
s
THE SUIT AGAINST CTESIP HOJV.
advocate, was bound to reply to the plaintiff’s argum ent, so that wecannot fairly com pare his later with his earlier treatm ent of the ypatpv}m avépm . But the case against Ctesiphon, as Aeschines presen ts it, isin striking contrast to the cases against Leptines and others as Dem osthenes presents them .
1 3 . Finally, there was a law pro viding that any one who was
thrice condem ned in the 77110011161 071011611017 should forfeit the right topropose m easures in the Senate or Assem b ly.
The S uit against Cteszjo/ton .
1 . Late in the m onth Thargelion o f the year o f Chaerondas (June,337 D.C. ) Dem osthenes proposed and carried a m easu re for perm anen trepairs of the walls of Athens. The hastywork done under the excitem ent o f the defeat at Chaeronea earlier in the year had been onlytem porary
‘. A com m ission o f ten n txm rowi, one to be appointed by
each tribe, was now established, to hold office during the following year,that o f Phrynichus, 337— 336 B.C. Dem osthenes was chosen by hisown tribe, the Pandionis, to b e one o f this com m ission. The fortificationsof the Piraeus were assigned him as his special charge, and he is said tohave rece ived ten talents from the state to be used in the work . He
added to this sum a substantial am ount on his own account, usuallystated as a hundred m inas (I ; He also held the im portantoflice o f superintendent o f the Theoric Fund, which Aeschines says
8 ”at that tim e included “
nearly the whole adm inistration of the state
1 Aesch . 111. 27 : this shows that the ten retxor ototwere to b e chosen in the last
m onth o fChaerondas (338 to serve during the fo llowing year. As Ctesiphon’s
b illpropo sed to crown Dem osthenes during his year o f oflice , and as the b illwas
indicted shortly after it passed the Senate, the b illand the indictm ent b elong to the
year o f Phrynichus (337 This agrees with the statem ent o f Aeschines (2 19)that he brought the indictm ent b efore Philip
’
s death (sum m er o f andwith other
data. See no te 2 , p. 329. The spurious indictm ent anddecree (Dem . Co r. 54 . 1 18)give two wrong nam es fo r the archon .
Aesch. 111. 17, 23, 3 1 ; Dem . Cor. 1 1 3, 300 (7611 1:6w 7 09 Hetpaté‘
s) ; Vit. x.
Orat. 845 F ; and 85 1 A (decree), 660 7d¢povs wept 7611 m am a 7 0¢pe6001 , b ut statingthe am ount given as three talents. See a decree fo r repairing the walls, passed a few
years later, in C . I . Att. 11. no . 167.i' Aesch. m . 25, 26.
3 28 ESSAYS . 111.
It was gratitude fo r his great public services in these o flices and fo r his
generous gift , togetherwith the increasing confidence in his statesm anshipand patriotism , which had recen tly been expressed in his appoin tm entto deliver the funeral oration on those who fe ll atChaeronea ‘, that causedhis politica l friends to propose to crown him in the theatre at the GreatDionysia in the spring o f 336, as a m ark o f the public approbatio n of
his whole political life ’
2 . Ctesiphon accordingly proposed a bill in the Senate to crownDem osthenes with a golden crown for his services and generosity ascom m issioner on the walls and for his life devoted to the interests ofAthens in speech and action . The bill passed the Senate at once, andthere can be little doubt that it would have passed the Assem bly withequal alacrity if it cou ld have been brought to a vote there . Before itcould b e presented to the people, Aeschines brought a ypadnj7 0410116710 11
against Ctesiphon, charging his bill with illegality. This m ade itim possible to carry the m easure further until the lawsuit was settled ”.For reasons of which we are no t directly inform ed, b ut in whichboth Aeschines and Ctesiphon as well as Dem osthenes m ust haveacquiesced the trial was postponed m ore than six years, until August
330. We can easily conjecture reasons for this long delay . Soon afterthe suit was brought, Philip was assassinated, and Alexander cam e tothe throne . Uncertainty as to the effect o f this sudden change , andunwillingness to discuss publicly the relations between Philip and
Athens, probably m ade both parties no t averse to rem aining quie t .The destruction o f Thebes in the following year and the subsequentharsh action o f Alexander, especially his dem and for the Athenianorators, while they em boldened the Macedonian party at Athens, yetm ade Dem osthenes safer against an adverse judgm ent o f his fellowcitiz ens than ever before . Aeschines doubtless felt that he had gaineda great point in preventing Dem osthenes from being publicly crownedbefore the assem bled Greeks, andwas willing to wait .
3 . A year later Alexander began his invas ion o f the PersianEm pire. The ab sence from Greece o f the m an whom one party fearedand the other was eager to conciliate m ight seem favourable to a
1 Dem . Cor. 285.
2 As the b ill o f Ctesiphon was propo sed in 337—336, we m ay assum e that
Dem o sthenes was to b e crowned at the Great Dionysia o f that year.Dem . [xxvn] 8 : 67 011 7 11 WWW ?“ ij11611011 1 p0¢ijv 67 1176n 1 1161 7 06: 060710
067 01, 611311 1161101 13 76 (11
69607110 dxvpév 607 17 . See Poll. V111 . 56. This applies evenm ore strongly to a xpofiomteupa .
33c E SSAYS. [111 .
to prevent it fro m being carried to the Assem bly and passed like anyother rrpofimikwp a . The long-de layed trial brought to Athens greatnum bers o f visitors from allparts o f Greece, who were eager to witnessthis final contest between the rival orators ‘. The audience o f citiz ensand strangers which surrounded the court probably difl
'
ered little fromthat which would have greeted Dem osthenes in the Dionysiac theatre ifhis crown had then been proclaim ed . It can hardly be doubted thatthe crowd o f l isteners were as deeply m oved by the earnest eloquenceo f Dem osthenes as the judges, and that they would gladly have followedthe court in giving him m ore than four-fifths o f their votes.
5. The day was divided into three parts, as was usual on the trialo f a « 0111176711 117 , an equal am ount o f water being poured into theclepsydra fo r the plaintifl
”
and the defendant, and a third (a sm alleram ount) in case o f the conviction o f the defendant, for the assessm ento f the penalty The largest am ount o f water which is m en
tio ned is that assigned to each plea in the ypadnj raparrpeaflet'
as (1 1
11,1610p121 , about 100 gallons), and this is probably the m axim um’. The
speech o f Dem osthenes against Aeschines in this suit (xrx. ) is the longestthat we have. That o n the Crown is m uch shorter, but longer than any
o f the others de livered in a ypadn‘
;11:-051076711117 : we m ay presum e that the
orator here used allo f his tim e . Aeschines, as plaintifl’
, spoke firs t ;after his argum ent , the court called o n Ctesiphon, as defendant, to reply .
He probably repeated 11 short speech com posed for him by Dem osthenes, and then asked leave o f the court to call o n Dem osthenes, ashis advocate, to fin ish his defence
‘. Strictly, each party to the suit was
required to plead his own cause ; or, if he called in advocates, as
Aeschines sum m oned Eubulus, Phocion, and others to support him in
the suit for false legation, to do this at the end o f an elaborate argum ento f his own“. But here , as Dem osthenes was the real defendant , itwouldhave been absurd to ob ject to his arguing the case in full. That the
procedure was unusual is shown by the audacious attem pt o f Aeschinesto induce the court to refuse Dem osthenes a hearing“; and his argum ent
Aesch . 111. 56: 61107 7 107 7 137 6111007 1311 m i 7 137 dhhwv 7 0h17 137 . x01 7 1311 t fivwr.
660611“1707 1 7 07167 7 01, dhh’600111 066111 1 1117 07 1 [16117 177 01 1 1161 61 1217 0 601160107
01107 1 7 o 0111 .
2 Id. 197 ; Harpo cratio n under6101111167 5171167 1; 6116710.
3 Id. 11 . 1 26: 7 1161 61166110‘
yr‘
rp 614 071601 611 6101161117 pm167-
y rfi 11711701101.
Id. 111. 201 61 1 16611 rpoclwdw6117 01100? c r¢1311 6re£éhop 77161 61181 7 067 061) 76
067 7 67 07067 07 067 173~771001111011 .
5 Id. 11. 184.
Id. 111. 201—205.
THE SUIT AGAINST CTESIPHOIV. 33 1
on this point shows that the court hada legal right to refirse to hear anyexcept the parties to the suit . But the great audience had not com e tohear Ctesiphon, andwe hear o f no further attem pt to interfere with theargum ent o f Dem osthenes . The orator probably delivered his fam ousspeech substantially in the form in which it has com e down to us ‘.
6. When the argum ents were finished , the judges voted o n thequestion o f convicting Ctesiphon ; and the result was a trium phantacquittal by m ore than four-fifths o f the votes This subjectedAeschines to the two penalties o f m alicious prosecution, a fine o f a
thousand drachm as, and partial (ii which deprived him o f the rightto bring a sim ilar suit hereafter'. This result m ortified him so deeplythat he withdrew from Athens and spent the rest o f his life chiefly in
1 The speech o f Dem osthenes is universally praisedas a co nsum m ate wo rk o f art.
When we think of the trem endous stake which he had at risk in the ease , and
rem em b er that he had six years’ warning o f the crisis which was sure to com e so o ner
o rlater, it seem s incredib le that he sho uld have left the elab o ratio n o f his speech to
any extent to firture revision . In the speech o f Aeschines there are such definite
allusions to passages in the reply o f Dem osthenes, that we canno t escape the co n
elusion that they are later additions . There is no thing in the speech of Dem osthenes
which is im po ssib le o r even strange in a reply . I have tried to show that what has
som etim es b een m istaken fo r confusion in the narrative part o f his speech is really theresult o f the highest art in the arrangem ent o f his argum ent (see Essay 1 . 4 , p .
3 Plut. Dem . 24 : 06701 110117 71131 67 67111007 1607 6 76 7 6717 7 07 116m 7 12311 W 017
Ataxlm r 711) m n hafie‘
ir. Cf. Dem . Cor. 82 , 266.
Harpocr. under 7 1 1 : 6611 7 11 7 710111601 701 111) m ahdfiu 767 6117 7 07 1165101 7 1311
(tr/1111107 , 6¢h1011611¢1 x1h101 1101 7 p60107 17 7 11 . Theophrastu s (in Schol. to Dem .
p. 593, 24 R . ) adds to this (explaining do 7665121101 11 157 1 7 71611100001 rapa
7611017 min 11157 1 6111117610001 . Cf. Poll . V I" . 53 . Philo str. Vit. Soph. r. 18, 3’
A07)7 1‘
67 6’67 1 £1jh01 7 (A10x1m 1) a6x! M 1 17 7 p007 0x0d1, dhh
’ 67 11110 68107 61117 01 ,
667 67 1 7 0 67 6Aw.00067 1 1 1101 Km 1¢617 7 1 607 1012111 7 137 W 107 . The precise nature
o f the partial 117 11110 here m entioned is uncertain . The ab ove quotation from
Theophrastus would seem to im ply that it co nsisted in the loss o f the right to b ringthe special form o f 7 71041
16in which he was defeated, as 7p0¢ij 7 071011611017 , 7 p0¢iy7 0p07 pe061101 . o r any o f the peculiar fo rm s (like 1116011 , 11011177 17110, 61161 1151 1, etc.)which are classedwith 7 p0¢01 (see Poll. vm . 40, But see Andoc. 1 . 76, 67 6p011
0611 67 7 011 66611662501, where 7 11611100001 wo uld seem to include all7p0¢01.
The sam e view is supported b y [Dem . ] xxvr. 9, 67 07 7 11 57 1511217 111; an altdfip 76
7 671 7 7 07 1167101 7 617 W 17 7,
011 01 76001 1116 1601101 76M 17 67 116 1
771114110001 11176’
67 07 117 6111117 120601. On the whole , I am inclined to think that Theophrastusis m o re exact in his express ion 7 701111100001 7 07007 60107 , and thata sim ilar qualificationis im plied in the o ther passages, so that the would forfeit his right to b ring the
sam e fo rm o f 7 p0¢1jin which he was defeated. Otherwise a plaintiff who failed to
receive a fifth o f the vo tes in the sm allest kind o f ypacM wo uld lo se the right to bringall7 71011101, while one who lost an 61161 11511 or an 1100wek10 would lose only the right
to bring this unusualfo rm o f public suit.
33 2 ESSAYS . [1v .
Rhodes, where he is said to have been a teacher o f rhetoric in his lateryears ‘. After such a decisive vindieatio n o f Dem osthenes, there can beno doubt that his friends renewed in the Senate the bill for crowninghim . and that this was prom ptly passed in both Senate and Assem blyin tim e for the orato r to receive his golden crown with enthus iasticapplause at the Great Dionysia o f 329.
TIre trials of Aarc/zines and P 11ilocrata: for m irconduct in
m aking the P eace of 346 B.C.
1 . The trial o f Aeschines in 343 B.C.
“for his conduct o n the SecondEm bassy,which negotiated the peace with Philip in 346, and the speecho f Dem osthenes as his accuser, have an im portant bearing on the diseussions o f the peace in the orations o f Aeschines and Dem osthenesthirteen years later. The su it against Aeschines was technically called1170117 111, i. e . a process arising from the 1 110117 11 1 or scrutiny whichAeschines, like every other officer o f state, was required to pass beforehe could be relieved o f his responsibility as an am bassador'. Within
1 Plut. Dem . 24 : éx Ti): 1 6711 1111 fixer’
m l r epl'
P66o7 1 1117 1117
q reém r xa7 efilwo'
e . Vit. x . Orat. 840 D : drdpar 11:'
P6607 , 67 7 1117011 61 191717
t am er-
11174111 701 While teaching at Rhodes , Aeschines is said to have readhis speech against Ctesipho n to a Rhodian audience ; andwhen allwere astonished
that he was defeated after so eloquent a plea, he replied, 6611 67 6011v 1 7 1'
P661o1, d
7 1197 11 Any-617067 1111:W orm : 1)c 117 1 . Vit. x. Orat. ib id. Other versions o f thestory give his answer, elfixoécan 7 6 17 Onpto v éxelvo v, 6611 67 61127 7 667 6 117 617117 6.
See Pho t. Bib ] . No . 61 . Rom an writers, as Cicero (de Orat. 111. relate that
the Rhodians, after hearing the speech o f Aeschines, asked to hear the reply o f
Dem o sthenes : quam cum suavissim a et m axim a voce legisset, adm irantib us om nib us,
Q uanto ,
”
inquit, m agis m irarem ini si audissetis ipsum‘1’ Dio nys. ad Am m . 1. ro (p. 7 under the archonship o f Pythodo tus (343—34 2)
11111 767 xar’Alcxb ov 17117 e76£a7 6 Nyav, 87 s 156067 11: 6616611 7 13: Bewépur wpeafietar
7 13: £7 1 Sprout. Hypo th . a, s 1 1 , to Dem . x1x. : 1111067 7 1 : oi 1 0117 112111 7117 7 1217
4 11111151117 117 167161117 , 7 pla 87 1; eb fihflev 6 Annwflb m xarvyopécwr Alcxb ov. See
Schaefer 11. 383. It has o ften been doub ted whether the case ever cam e to trial,
chiefly b ecause o f a do ub t o f Plutarch (Dem . 666xar’ Alav ov 7651 rapat pecflelar
d6flho7 clhéhexfl u '
111117 61 ¢nal7’Ido,ue7 e61 t apd 7 p1dm 7 7 a M7 11: 767 Alcxln p di o
¢uvei7 . Fo r Plutarch’
s o b jection , that neither orato r m entio ns the trial in the
speeches o n the Crown , see no te o n Co r. See also no te 6, 7, p. 337 .
3 Fo r 1607 7 11 1, as a fo rm o f legalprocess, see Meier and Schom ann, pp. 257— 369.
334 ESSAYS . [1v.
Tim archus was am ple for his conviction . Aeschines then de livered thefirst o f his three orations, and it is doubtfulwhether any serious defencewas m ade. This had the result desired by him . It suspended the
case against him self for a tim e ; and by disgracefully disqualifying one
of his accusers, discredited the case in the eyes o f the people, whowould finally decide it in the popular court . It is hard to see why sucha m an as Tim archus was allowed to b e associated with Dem osthenes inso im portant a political case, and it soon appeared that this was a m ostfatal m istake ‘.
3 . This m ortifying rebuff put o ff the trial m ore than two years. It
is easy to see why Dem osthenes hesitated to renew the prosecution, andAeschines probably felt that tim e would be on his side. In the m eantim e Dem osthenes lost no opportun ity o f discrediting the peace in theAssem bly and o f declaring that Philip had deceived Athens by bribingcertain m en who were well known in the city. The etiquette o f theAssem bly forbade the m ention of nam es ; but no nam es could havedesignated m ore clearly both Aeschines and Philocrates’. Such con
stant rem inders, confirm ed by the later acts o f Philip, m ust havegradually brought the Athenians to a correct understanding o f theconduct o f Aeschines. The friends of Dem osthenes prepared the wayfor a renewal o f his suit against Aeschines, by a state prosecution of
Philocrates for treasonable conduct in negotiating the peace which borehis nam e.
4 . Early in 343 B.C. Hyperides brought before the Senate o f Five
1 The insignificance o f Tim archus will hardly acco unt fo r his appearance as
prosecutor in this case ; fo r Dem o sthenes would represent the suit publicly, whoeverwere his associates. Tim archus had b een a stro ng and active opponent of Philip.
As Senator in 34 7—346, he propo sed a decree that any o ne who sho uld b e co nvicted
of carrying arm s o r navalim plem ents to Philip sho uld b e punished by death (Dem .
x1x. It m ust also b e rem em b ered that the charges against Tim archus related
to his youth andwere pro bably fo rgo tten by m o st peo ple . He was a Senator in 361 ,and therefore at least thirty years old then, so that in 345 he was at least fo rty- six .
It is to be no ticed that Aeschines m akes the venality o f the o ffence his sole ground fo r
his accusation o f Tim archus : he even co nfesses that apart from this he has no
o b jection to the relation in question . See 1. 1 37, 76 1167 6611141067116: 6716170111 W111xah67 617 111, 7 66
’67 11710617 11 1116013werepn ficdat. alo'
xp67 (cf. 1 The whole passage
1 . 1 32— 165 gives a striking view o f what itwas safe for an orato r to say in pub lic,
even in attacking a m an like Tim archus . See Schaefer 11. 338—340, and Dem .
x1x . 286.
2 See Dem . V1 . 18—37, 1x . 36—40 ; even in his speech on the Peace, v . 9, 10,
he shows plainlywho are respo nsible for the present necessity o f sub m itting to Philip’
s
dem ands. See also xxx. 1 34—4 36, 107.
1v. ] TR IALS OF PH ILOCRATE S AND AE SCHINE S . 335
Hundred an 1317 1177 11111: against Philocrates, charging him with servingPhilip for bribes to the de trim ent of Athens . The Senate accepted theelo ayydtfa , thus m aking the suit a public o ne . It went for trial toa He liastic court, and the state appointed advocates, am ong themDem osthenes, to assist Hyperides in m anaging the case ‘. In his
indictm ent (called ciaayyd fa ) Hyperides quoted verbatim five or six
decrees o f Philocrates in support o f his charge”. There was no lack o fdecisive evidence. Philo crates had m ade an open show of his newlyacquired wealth after the peace, by building houses, selling wheat,transporting tim ber, changing foreign gold open ly at the bankers’
counters in Athens ; and (according to Dem osthenes) he had even con
fessed that he received m oney from Philip He gave up his defence, andleft the court andAthens before the judgm ent was declared ; and in hisabsence he was condem ned to death, the penalty which Hyperidesproposed in his He passed the rest o f his life in exile ‘ .This result shows how public opinion about the peace had changed inthree years, so that Philocrates, whose word was law when the peacewas m ade, was now left to his fate, friendless and helpless. N0 m an of
influence, like Eubulus, attem pted to save him ; and we hear o f no
1 Fo r the state process called daawehla, see Meier and Schom ann, pp . 3 12—332,
and fo r the 76116: elca‘
rychfl xér, p. 3 16. This process was pro vided fo r the special
trialo f (1 ) those chargedwith conspiracy against the dem ocracy o f Athens , (2) tho sechargedwith b etraying towns o r m ilitary or navalfo rces to public enem ies, o r with
holding treaso nab le com m unication with these , 3) o rators (61)-rope s) charged withb e ing b ribed b y public enem ies to give eviladvice to the people . See Hyper. Eux.
55 7 , 8 (coll. 2 2 , It willb e seen that sk a-
m enu , so far from b eing applicable
chiefly (o r only) to crim es which were no t pro vided fo r in the laws (as was o nce
b elieved), is definitely restricted to certain high o ffences , allo fwhich, m oreover, m ight
b e dealt with by other processes, as is seen in the sim ilar cases o f Philocrates and
Aeschines.9 Hyper. Eux. 55 29, 30 (coll. 39, 7 067 07 (c oxpdm ) do c-
n ethe r6161 61 611 167
4 &1t 61 711147 1 1 11117 6. 1 6711 118 , ether 61xam pl1p, 7 617 116117 717114 7 (wi th6111111117 m l1561 111 6 ache-611, 667 61111. 67 7 11 hé‘yew 7 6 611 1 17 7 11. 7 13 61911 111 7 13’A0177 6.l167 ” 1711 11 7 11 ha 11667 6 7 7 a xal616111 6: r ape 7 167 7 117 11 7 7 16. 1 1111 7 7 67 7 167
7 13 6611 111 (quo ting the law). m l 607 161 67 1m “ 1161 7 717 clu e
/7 1h!” 66177 111,
dhh’61 61167 16 t apéypatpa ,
1 67 1 7 66 7 6. 61116 7 6. 7 111“
6611 111, xp‘
rjuara hafia’
w‘
1l7 a. 76 5075111161111 1167 66 t'
rréypatpa'
ital 7 116’
1 17 1 7 06 7 6 611 16 7 11 7 13 6611 111,
xp 1'
711 07 a hafl tlw, cal76” 161171111 7 111167 17 1416» m l(67 1 1161 1 17 761111 668111111 7 61776
yeypa111147 67 . This willgive so m e idea o f the form alities ob served in the 116117 7 171111 .
3 Dem . x1x. 1 14 : el11 1) 16116h67 1 1 rapt 67 7 13 61711111 ro m r, am xal
661617 1117 61177 , ruporwh67 , 611166611167 , why-
7167 , 76 70176167 xa7 aM a7 7 6111 7 61 ¢a7 1p131
1’
1rl 7 11111 637111. Gold co ins in Athens were generally foreign .
Aesch . 11. 6, 111 . 79, 81 ; Dinarch . 1. 28.
336 E SSAYS . [iv .
anxiety lest his condem nation should cause enm ity with Philip. Dem osthenes, as prosecuting attorney for the state, com plained that Philocratesalone was se lected for prosecution while others equally gu ilty were leftuntouched . He then form ally called on
“any o f the other am bassadors,
”
who would declare before the court that he was no t im plicated in theacts o f Philocrates, to com e forward and do so ; and he prom ised toabsolve him from accusation . N0 o ne responded ‘
. This was of coursean o fl
'
er to Aeschines to abandon the suit against him if he would m akethis declaration . Such challenges were very frequent in the courts o f
Athens, chiefly because they were never m eant to be accepted .
5. This trium phant success inspired Dem osthenes with new hopesfor his suit against Aeschines. This cam e to trial after m idsum m er in
343 B.C. when Dem osthenes andAeschines de livered their speeches wept76s r aparrpeo
'
fiefas‘ . The court probably consisted of 1 501 judges ; andthe Logistae presided, as the case still belonged to the 1 170117 61 o f thesecond em bassy, forwhich Aeschines was still 67 1607 7 61 . Dem osthenesbrings his accusation under five heads, co vering the five points o n whichan am bassador should b e called to account at his 16067 111 . These are
(I ) 167 da-
ri-yysd e, 2) 167 317 1 117 1 , 3) 167 1rporr17 6i$17 1 1167 113, (4) 7 137 xpo'
vwv,
(5) 6.6wp666m 1’
7ws 171115(or 7 66wpotxa. 13 In his elaborate argum enthe strives to prove that Aeschines (1 )m ade a false report, (2) advocatedpernicious m easures o n the ground o f his report
, (3) disobeyed his
instructions, (4) wasted his tim e, (5) acted corruptly, be ing bribed byPhilip ’. The argum ent on these five heads occupies g 1 7— 1 78, the
rem ainder o f the oration being chiefly given to general argum ents tendingto show the corruption o f Aeschines and his collusion with Philip. One
o f the strongest general argum ents is this. Events have proved that theaccount given by Aeschines o f Philip’s inten tions, especially his reportthat Philip would save the Phocians and attack the Thebans, wasabsolutely false, and Athens has been disgraced by following his b adadvice. Now,
if he thus reported and thus advised honestly, he m ustfee l that he was grossly be trayed by Philip. No words could express hisindignation at such base treatm ent. On the contrary, he stil l rem ains afirm friend o f Philip. His report and advice were therefore dishonestand corrupt ”. Aeschines m akes no attem pt to answer this argum entand m any others equally cogent.
6. The reply o f Aeschines, though e loquent and effective in ce rtain
1 Dem . x1x. 1 16— 1 1 8.
Ib id. 4— 8, 1 77
— 1 79.
3 Ib id. 106— 1 10.
333 ESSAYS .
‘
v .
T111 Constitution of tko Amp/rictyom'
c Council.
1 . Aeschines (11. 1 16) gives e leven o f the twelve tribes whichform ed the Am phictyonic Council, as follows : Thessalians, Boeotians
(“no t m erely Dorians, Ionians, P errhaeb ians, Magnesians,
Locrians, Oetaeans, Phthio tians (i. e . the Achaeans o f Phthio tis), Malians ,Phocians. He professes to give twelve nam es : xam ptopnc a
'
pryv 207 1;61661 11 11 rd 11 17 1
'
x07 7 a 7 06 iepo ii. It is generally assum ed that the
Dolopians are accidentally om itted in the text, and m any editions inse rtthese. An im portant inscription recently discovered at De lphi by theFrench explorers seem s to m e to show clearly that the Delphians are
the om itted pe0p1e. See Bourguet, in the Bulle tin de CorrespondanceHellénique, 1 896, p . 24 1 , who gives from this inscription a list o f them em bers of the Council at the tim e o f Alexander the Great . Thiscontains the Thessalians, “K ing Alexander,
”Delphians, Dorians,
Ionians, Perrhaeb ians (with Dolopians), Boeotians, Locrians, Achaeans
(i. e . o f Phthiotis), Magnesians, Aenianians, and Malians, each withtwo delegates. Com paring this with the list o f Aeschines, we findK ing Alexander holding the two Phocian votes ; the Aenianians reptesent the Oetaeans, o f whom they were an im portant tribe ; the
Dolopians are included with the Perrhaeb ians ; and the Delphians, whoare constantly m entioned in the De lphic inscriptions relating to the
Council, are added. If we add the Delphians to the list o f Aeschines,the two lists substantially agree ‘
.
2 . Each o f the twelve tribes had two votes in the Council, givenby de legates called icpopwjp o vec, two o f whom were sent by eachAm phictyonic tribe. But the Dorians, Ionians, and Locrians weregeographically divided, so that each o f two divisions had a single Hierom nem on with a single vote . Thus the two Dorian votes m ight be dividedbetween the Spartans (with other Dorians of Peloponnesus) and theancient Dorian Tetrapolis, near Parnassus ; the Ionian votes between
1 On the Delphians see Fo ucart’
s no te in Bull. 111 Corresp. Hellen . , 1883 , p. 4 37 .
Theopom pus (frag . 80)gives the Dolopians andAchaeans, as independent o f Perrhaeb ians andPhthio tians (who are also given) ; and he o m its the Thessalians andLo crians .
Pausanias (x. 8, 2 ) gives only ten nam es , om itting the Delphians and Boeo tians : he
gives the Phocians (and no Macedonians), o therwise agreeing essentially with the
Delphic inscription .
IHE AM PH IC'
TYON ] C COUNOIL . 339
the Athenians and the other Ionians (in Euboea andAsia M inor) ; theLocrian votes between the Eastern andWestern Lo crians. Aeschinesexplains that each people had the sam e representation with two equalvotes, for exam ple, 767 61107 7 11 in Awplov Kvn wfov lo'
ov 81176111 707
AaxeSatpo vt'
ow, 860 ydp Mtpovc 3111107 07 11161111 1 507 09 m il“! in 7 137 1 167 167
767’
Ep1-
rp1& oral [1111177611 7 621'
A0177 1ufo 11 . This m eans that the wholeDorian Tetrapolis m ight have one o f the two Dorian votes (which couldbe in the hands o f a de legate from any o ne o f the four towns), and thiswas as good as the Spartan vote . We do no t, however, find that theTetrapolis had o ne o f the votes every year, but som etim es bothde legates cam e from Peloponnesus. So likewise one o f the Ionianvotes, which m ight b e given by a delegate from Euboea o r one fromP riene (in different years), was as good as the other, which was alwaysgiven by Athens. The H ierom nem on o f Athens was chosen each yearby lot : see Arist. Nub . 623, d v
‘
Yrre'
pfiohos 7 737 11 i1po11w71167 1'
1'
7 . How
this oflicerwas chosen when he represented several disconnected townsis no t known .
3 . Besides the twen ty- four Hiero m nem o ns, certain towns sentanother class o f delegates, called wvhdyopm (later W M '
yo'
pat) or 1276
parpar’
,who appear to have had the right to speak , but no t to vote
,in
certain m eetings o f the Council. Photius defines 1rv4\ 1i.70po s as 611 111 176
11 1 701 eis 7 177 Huhaiav (P) eis 1177'
A11.¢1117 v07 1fa 7 13177 1611, 1607 1 6111? a'
yopei‘
xm t.
They represented the towns which sent them , no t the tribe as a whole.
Athens sent three, chosen by the people apparently for each Am phictyo nic m eeting, while the Hierom nem on held his m em bership for a year.We do no t know the num be r o r the m anner o f appointm en t or thedistribution o f those sen t by other towns. See Herm ann
’s Staatsalt.
1 4 . The m eeting atwhich Aeschines m ade his inflam m atory harangue,which stirred up the Am phissian War, appears to have been o ne o f thel1po11 7 1j1167 1s~ exclusive ly, which Aeschines, as a fl Myopos
'
, attended onlyby special invitation o f the Hierom nem on and as his representative , butwith allhis rights. See H ist . 7 2 .
T111 Hero P hysician and fl u Hero KaM a1’
7 171 .
1 . In Dem osthenes x1x. 249 the father o f Aeschines is said to haveA .kept a school near the shrine o f the Hero Physician 743 7 66 p f oil
iarpoir); and in Co r. 1 29 his m other is said to have lived a sham eful life
2 2— 2,
34° E SSA YS . [VI .
near the shrine o f the Hero Km pfm e (1rp61 7 153Kau ai-
m 15pm ), whilehis father is said to have been the slave o f a schoolm aster near theTheseum (171161 7 113 9 1701 1211 8186117 1107 7 1. There is great doubtabout all these localities : the position o f the real Theseum is no t
exactly known ; that o f the shrine o f the He ro Physician is unknown,except that it was 66 7 1 1 ; and the hero Kau ai
-
m e is no t m entionedelsewhere . Many scholars identify the two school-houses ; o the rsidentify the two shrines, m aking xaAap f
-
m e equivalent to 61 7 1161 .
2 . Reiske I recogniz ed in the Hero Physician the Scythian Toxaris,o f whom Lucian gives a pleasant account in his 211150111 1) 1111681 7 61 .
Toxaris , according to Lucian, cam e to Athens in the tim e o f Solon, bywhom he was kindly received. He was a physician and a m an o f
general cultivation , though no t o f high rank at hom e. When his
countrym an, Anacharsis, cam e to Athens, he was recognized and
welcom ed by Toxaris, who introduced him to Solon. Toxaris diedandwas buried in Athens. When the plague was raging in the Pe lo
po nnesian War, the wife o f an Areopagite reported that Toxaris cam eforth from his tom b and told her that the plague would cease ifthe narrow stree ts o f the city were freely sprinkled with wine. Thiswas done, and the plague disappeared . The lady pointed ou t the tom bfrom which the Scythian cam e forth . This was exam ined, and the
rem ains of Toxaris we re found within, which were identified by a
m utilated inscription, and also by the figure o f a Scythian sculptured o n
the gravestone, having in his left hand a strung b ow and in his rightwhat appeared to be a book (B1fihfo v, «is Lucian says that m orethan half o f the figure was to b e seen in his tim e, with the b ow and thebook en tire . The upper part o f the stone with the face was gone.
The m onum ent, he says, was no t far from the gate Dipylum , o n theleft o f the road leading to the Academ y : the stone was lying flat o n
the ground. On accoun t o f his wonderful skill in stopping the horrorso f the plague, Toxaris was m ade a hero andworshipped as the HeroPhysician .
”He had a shrine within the city walls ; and his tom b was
always decked with wreaths, and m iraculous cu res were wrought there ’
3 . It happens that in the excavations outside the Dipylum gate
1 See no te o n Dem o sth. F . Legat. p. 4 19, 2 2 , with references to Lucian and to
Co rsini, Fasti Att. (Flo rence 11. p. 372 , under Tofapl61 1a . Co rsini re fers toLucian’s 2 1160111, and to the residence and death o f To xaris in Athens and his deifica
tio n ; b ut he m akes no allusio n to Dem o sthenes .
9 Lucian , Scyth. 2 . See C . I . Att. 11 . no s . 403 , 404 , two inscriptio ns , pro b ab lyo f the third and second centuries B.C.
,which show an active interest in the wo rship o f
the Hero Physician , who se shrine is said to b e 67 567 1 1 .
substitute for Lucian’s o-niltn, I have no t seen any notice o f their
identity. The wordsBtfilu'
ov, «is 686
c which describe the quiver, seemto b e nearly decisive. The l ittle figu re stood fo r m any years outside of
the Dipylum , near the spot where it was found ; and it m ay be seen
there in Curtius and Kaupert’
s Atlas von Athen, Map IV.,No . 7,
called “Torso e ines kauernden Skythen, der nach seinem Kocher fasst. ”
It now stands in the great Museum o f Athens ; but the catalogues haveno suggestion o f its connection with Toxaris.
5. We have no m eans o f judging whether Toxaris is an historiccharacter, or whe ther Lucian
’
s account o f his life is as fabulous as hisstory o f the plague. It is equally hard to decide whether Dem osthenesreferred to the sam e places in his different stories o f the parents o f
Aeschines and this is o f slight consequence , as probably the onlyhistoric fact in them allis that Atrom etus kept a school in Athens nearthe Theseum . Apollonius, in his life o f Aeschines says o f his
father, v isas fxov‘ra (rpao 'i) StSdo xew 7pdmuxra 1rpds
‘rq
'
i 9 170:q Kai. 1155 7 053‘
Ia'
rpoii vipoicp, and o f his m other, ¢cm i raw rpuim v Tiltudav fif a tpqxc'
vat
xaaczope'
q iv o in f/Lan 11'
d t o}7 08 Kahapfrov fipuitp. This m ay be m erelyb orrowed from the tales o f Dem osthenes ; but Apollon ius seem s toidentify the two school- houses, and to m ake the shrine o f Kd apim s a
distinct place . Photius seem s to identify the two heroes (under r7pm ),5pm ; lam bs, 05 p e
’
pm at Anpw flc'
m s iv 1repi f oilo n ¢<ivov, un less hecarelessly refers to the wrong oration. In the note o n Cor. 1 29
“I
have given m y own suggestion as to the m eaning o f ad apt-
rm (arrowm an, equivalent to rofti‘ms, oowm an), on the supposition that the two
nam es refer to one hero. But there is little evidence o f this identity,though Westerm ann thinks it is “ohne Zweife l . " It would have been a
strange coincidence (to say the least) if Glauco thea had led a disreput
able life near the school- house o f Atrom etus before her m arriage ; andstill stranger or rather im possible fo r her to do this after her m arriage .
G. H . Schaefer (on Cor. p. 2 70, 10) explains «w arm . as {b e m an oftire splints (or surgeon). Westerm ann explains it as 6 c
’
v xahaipo ts, sup
posing that the hero’s statue o r shrine stood in a m oist place surroundedwith reeds ; others suppose a m alicious reference to a statue o fiv xaM po zs, erected at Sam os in 4 40 D.C. by Athen ian courtezans whohad followed Pericles thither. See the quotation from Alexis the Sam ianin Athenaeus X III . p . 572 F : n iv c
’
v Edit? 13V o i piv iv K u h n:
p. o ur xako i'
xrw,o i. 83 iv EA“
,
'
Arrurai e'
ra'
ipa t i8p150'
avro ai o vvaxohov071'
aao'
a t
“spur/k ? on ir ohuipxa n ix Edpo v, e'
p'
ycw'dpcva t ixava
'
is darnrife (spas. Cf.
Thuc . n . r5, 76iv At’
pva ts Aran ic ou . See Dissen’s note on Cor. 1 29.
M SS . OF THE T10N ON THE CE0WN . 343
Tb e M anuscrz'
pts of tire Oration on the Crown .
The critical notes of this edition are, with a very few exceptions,based o n ten m anuscripts, which represent differen t classes and showdifferent conditions o f the text. Perhaps the chief use o f giving the
readings of som e even o f these se lected MSS . is to show howlittle is to b e
gained from the inferior MSS . now that E is supported by its com rade L.
vom elbases his critical edition o f the oration o n fifty mss . ,from m ost o f
which he derives little or nothing o f real value. I have m ade no new
collation of any m anuscripts, except that I have constantly used the
facsim ile o f E,from which som e useful gleanings were still to b e m ade.
I have also som e notes o f m y own, taken from the m anuscript itselfin Paris before Vom el
’
s collation was m ade . For the readings o f the
o ther MSS . I am indebted chiefly to V6m el’s notes, supplem ented bythose o f Lipsius and Blass.
1 . E or S, o f the tenth century, written on parchm ent, the chief o fallthe MSS. o f Dem osthenes, is No . 2934 o f the Greek 1435 . o f theNational Library o f Paris. On its last leaf is written, in a hand of
a later period, BtBAfo v povfis 11 3V Ewad pwv, Showing that it oncebe longed to a so ciety o f m onks nam ed after So sander, who is no t otherwise known . Dindo rf states decidedly that it be longed to a m onasteryo n Mount Athos ; but he gives no authority for this, and no trace of a
So sandrian m onastery has yet been found on the Holy Mountain ore lsewhere . The m anuscript first appears in Europe in the possessiono f Janos Lascaris, a learned Greek, who left Constantinople after theTurkish capture and was in high favour with Lorenzo de ’ M edici atFlorence. Lascaris was twice sen t by Lorenz o to Greece and the
n e ighbouring lands in search o f m anuscripts for the M edicean library.
On his second journey,begun in 1 490 or 1 49 1 , he v isited Constanti
n ople , Thessalon ica, Corfu, Arta, Crete, several m onasteries on MountAthos, and m any other places. How rich a store he brought b ack toFlorence m ay b e seen from the curious m anuscript (or rather collection o f m anuscripts) now in the Vatican library, which was publishedb y K . K . M iiller in the Centralblatt fiirBibliothekswesen fo r 1 884 . Thiscontains a catalogue o f the m anuscripts in the library o f Loren zo ; anda wonderful list o f 300 or 400 books which were
“bo ught ” fo r Lorenzo
344 ESSAYS . [v11.
by Lascaris, according to the later title, m fvafBtfihfm rjyopao pt'
vwv are,
Aao xa'
pews Iv Sta¢6p0ts rdheo w inrip Aavpcvrfov fl iiv Me8rfxwv. Pro bablym any are here included which Lascaris saw o n his Greek journey butdid no t or could no t buy. We doubtless have the truth in the prefaceo f Lascaris to the editio princeps o f the Anthology (Florencewhere he says o f Lorenz o, “ducenta nuperrim e antiquorum volum ina eGraecia et finitim is regio nib us collecta in hanc praeclarissim am civitatem
m agna diligentia et sum ptib us transferenda curaverat.”In the sam e
Vatican m anuscript is also a wfvaf ru’
ivBtfihfwv f o ilAao xcipews, ar ep q1rap
'
ia u -
t o il. Am ong these we findAny o o flés ,r epyap rjvov (p .
The sam e volum e probably appears in a list o f the books o f Lascaris
(lista de’ lib ri che furon del S’ Lascheri), m ade by another learned
Greek, Devaris, after the death o f Lascaris at Rom e in 1 535, and now
in the Vatican library. Here we find q o o de'
m s, wa ha tés, No . 34
(corrected to Devaris was then em ployed by Cardinal Ridolfi,nephew o f Leo X . , in collecting and arranging his library, and Ridolfiis said to have acquired the books o f Lascaris after the latte r’s death .
In Ridolfi’
s catalogue we find 35. Arm oo Oévovs Ari-yo : evidentlythe sam e b ook which was in the list o f Lascaris .
The Greek table o f contents still prefixed to E is said to be in thewriting o f Lascaris. Ove r the Latin table o f contents o n the next leafo f E is written , Hic vide tur esse codex indicatus in catalogo codicum
Graecorum Nicolai Rodulphi Cardinalis, classis o ratoriae Nro . 35,
Anpw de'
vovs AdyOt ffl'
, quam quam hic co ntinet lviii. orationes, epistolas,et pro oem ia. The Cardinal’s m anuscripts after his death cam e intothe possession o f Q ueen Catherine de
’Medici . The title “Dem os
thenis Oratio nes”etc. appears in a catalogue o f the Q ueen
’
s library, inthe inventory o f her goods after her death in 1 589, and again in 1 597
in the list o f her books which had passed into the Royal library. The
Codex 2 still has a splendid binding o f red leather, bearing the unitedarm s o f France and Navarre and m onogram s o f Henry IV. with the
date 1602 . From this tim e it appears in the various inventories and
catalogues o f the Royal library, until it was entered in the catalogue o f
1 740 with its present num ber 2934 1 . We are the refore safe in assuming that 2 is one o f the m anuscripts which Lascaris
,as the envoy o f the
Medici, brought to Florence from Greek lands at about the tim e of
1 After allthe entries o f this fam ous MS . , from its first appearance as AnW OM r,
r en apnrév, it is describ ed as chartaceus”in the catalogue o f 1 740, which was
recently stillin use . This rem ained unco rre cted until 1854 , when I was perm itted
to change chartaceus to m em b ranaceus .
”
346 ESSAYS . [VIL
this edition of De Corona. Of cou rse there are errors in 2 , as there arein m ost printed books ; and occasionally a careless m istake in copyinghas rem ained uncorrected , as in Cor. 257
’ dvxahhayv'
ivat fo r of: m ad
7’
1)v ct (corrected in the m argin), and in 3 1 2‘ 8 m v for 15 rav (un
corrected).The publication o f a photographic facsim ile ‘ o f E has b rought this
precious docum ent within the reach o f scholars in allparts o f the world .
This, with the facsim ile reproductions o f the Medicean Aeschylus, theLaurentian Sophocles, and the Bodle ian Plato, is a special boon toAm erican scholars . I have been constantly indebted to the facs im ileo f E in the library o f Harvard University : it has supplied what noapparatus criticus could have given .
This m anuscript was first carefully collated by Bekker for his
Orato res Attici, 1 823 ; but it needed the study o f the results of thiscollation to convince even the editor o f the great im portance o f his
work . This appears in Bekker’s stereotype edition o f Dem osthenes in1 855 (Berlin), which is b ased chiefly on the text o f E. Vo m eldevotedthree m onths to the study o f the MS . ; and the result o f his labours andthose o f other scholars was a m ost accurate collat ion, which has
appeared in his three volum es, Dem o sthenis Contio nes De
Corona et De Falsa Legatio ne and Oratio adversus Leptinem
(1 866)Besides the original text, the m anuscript contains various corrections
and additions within the colum ns, som e m ade by the original hand orby one o f the sam e period, others by later correctors. Som e changesare m e rely corrections o f slips o f the pen, no t
“various readings .
”
Other alterations and additions are m ade in the m argin by the sam e
1 (Euvres co m pletes de Dém o sthéne . Fac- sim ile da m anuscrit grec 2934 de la
Biblio theque Natio nale , pub lié par Henri Om ont. 2 vols . Paris , 1892 .
See the elab o rate account o f 22, with a discussio n o f its virtues and its faults , in
Vo m el’s Introductio n to the Co ntio nes , pp. 2 19
—24 3 . This is reprinted in fullin
Om o nt’
s preface to the facsim ile edition .
3 In the following places I have no ted erro rs or om issio ns in Vom el’
s citations
o f 2 fo r the o ration on the Crown . No ne o f these , so far as I know, have b een
co rrected by later edito rs . I give o nly the readings o f 22.
22 has open? (not 1 6 (no t n o) xwhfio at 22. 6 is erase d
in dwfleoOat (1) o ver 61) 22. 5 Marian-
or (changed'fro m ares) E.
cachet-Tar 2 . 6 uév 7 c ¢lhos 2 (7 p). worm -re (at over e) 2 .
Q 2007 , do! can 2 . §2 2 Gore? rt (v over 7 ) Z . 5 1 1104 10011602; 2 .
usrpufira'
ra (no t - fl f ¢) 2 . 2 o vveo xevd’pov E. 5 7 1: 2 . 2667 , awa
flefinxrbr (17 changed to w o r w) E. 5 06x dr ethoflv‘rwv, 0m . in added
ab o ve the line . Further exam inatio n wo uld pro bably disclo se o ther cases.
M SS . OF THE ORATION ON THE CROWM 34 7
varie ty o f hands. One o f the lates t of these correctors (probably o f thefifteenth centu ry) used ink which has turned green, and his suggestionsare generally o f little value. Besides these there are m any variousreadings m arked 7p (for 7paf¢¢m 1 o r ypar réov), which were evidentlycopied from other m anuscripts by revisers o f different periods. I havedesignated these last, in E as we ll as in other MSS.
, by ‘
yp in the criticalnotes, and other m arginal readings by m g. Other corrections or ad
dirions are generally cited as I have no t given the reputed age o f thecorrections, unless they are o f real im portance. It is generally be lievedthat all the accents and breathings in E are later additions. I haveo ften noted these , especially when there is any doubt concerning them ,
but with the understanding that they are no authority fo r the originaltext. The absence o f a breathing in E is often o f som e negative value .
2 . L (V6m el’s Laur. S), the new com pan ion o f E, is in the
Laurentian Library at Florence (LVI. 9, No . and was first ex
am ined by F. Schultz , who published a careful account o f it in the
Jahresbericht of the Friedrichs-Gym nasium o f Berlin in The
m anuscript is written by various hands. It contains orations V1.,v11 .
,
v 111. , 1x., x.
, xx11. , xxtv. , allwritten in the 1 3th century (with som e
parts o f 1x. and x. wanting), followed by xx. , xvm . , x1x., in another
hand o f the sam e century, and further by xxtu . in another o f the sam eage, and by x11 . in a later hand . Orations and and them issing parts o f 1x. and x .
, are added by a m uch later hand . The olderparts, as originally written, generally have the sam e purer form o f the
text which is in E but, though the two 1155 . have a com m on archetype, L was no t copied from E o r descended from it. Another hand
(L3), apparently o f the sam e period, wrote various readings, chiefly of
the vulgar text, in the m argin or above the lines, ut uno conspectu et
textum illum breviorem atque co rrectiorem et vulgatum intueri liceat,
cum secunda m anus prim am no n The second hand of L
generally agrees with the class represented by F and B. One interesting bond o f union between the first hands o f E and L is that bothom it the sam e disputed passages in the Third Philippic (e .g . 6
,
L was carefully collated by Rehdanz for V6m el’s edition o f xv111.
and x1x. and I have used V6m el’
s citations in this edition.
3 . A 1 , Augustanus prim us, form erly at Augsburg (whence its
nam e), now No . 485 in the Royal Library at Munich, o n parchm ent, o f
1 De codicib us quib usdam Dem o sthenicis ad o ratio nem Phil. m . nondum ad
hib itis .
Schultz , p. 16.
348 E SSAYS . [vm .
the 1 1 th century, is generally reckoned as next in rank to the two
leading mss., 2 and L. It is the chief basis o f the text current before
Bekker’
s study o f E, the text as established by Reiske . It represents atext far be low that o f 2 and L in purity, and m uch corrected by gramm arians '.
4 . A 2 , Augustanus secundus, form erly at Augsburg, nowNo . 44 1
in the Munich Library, is a paper m anuscript o f the 1 sth century . It
has little distinctive character o f its own ; in the earlier part o f theoration o n the Crown it agrees with E, and it very often agrees with A 1 .
Reiske says o f it : Est no tae neque optim ae neque pessim ae , m e certenon po enitu it cum contulisse .
”
5. V 6 (Vom el’
s V 1 ) is o ne o f the three parts (Vind . 1 , Vind . 2 ,
Vind . 6)which are bound toge ther and m ake No . 70 o f the Greek a ss .
in the library at Vienna. All three are on pape r, and o f the 1 sth
century. Each part is written by a difl'
erent hand. V 6, which contains
the oration o n the Crown , is chiefly rem arkable fo r its constant agreem ent with A 1 in the earlier part o f this oration ,
though in the latterpart it often has peculiar readings o f its own ’
.
6, 7 . F (or M) and <I> (or Q ) are parchm ent 1133 . o f the 1 1 th
century, No s . 4 16and 4 18 in St Mark’s library in Ven ice . They form ,
with B, a class o f MSS. which original ly represented the vulgate text butwere em ended by the use o f MSS . of the better class . See under B
8. B (or Bavaricus, is a paper MS . o f the 1 3th century,No . 85 in the Munich library . It has often been thought to be a directcopy o f F, and its readings are often om itted by editors as beingidentical with those o f F. It is now known to b e from the sam e sourceas F,
though no t a copy or a descendant, the two 1158 . be ing related as
E and L. This m anuscript has been brought into notice recently byChrist’s stichom etric studies, o f which it is the chief foundation“.8 and F are also rem arkable for a m em orandum which is foundin each at the end o f Oration x1. , which appears plainly in F,
stuipqw‘
ra t] dr
y 8150'
Arrtk tav6v, and in B with dry for 37 (bothIn two later places 4. is found, referring to the sam e Stépdwo
-
te‘. These
notes show that the archetype o f Fand B was revised and corrected bythe he lp o f two MSS. called ’
Ar nm avd, which professed to represent the
1 See Yom el, Co ntiones, p. 194 ; Usener, Unser Plato ntext, p. 189.
i‘ I have cited V 6, when it agrees with A 1 , only in 55 1—25 after this only whenitdiffers from A 1 .
3 See Essay vm .
See table L at the end o f vom el’s Co ntio nes, and the table at the end o f Christ’s
Atticusausgab e ; Usener’
s Platontext, p . 196, with n . 3 1 .
ings : {u sing for the troublesom e f tp“
one” ? (2, L,vulg. ) after {e m ails in
xa t'
rtvas 76v'
E1\ 1\1jvwv (for rtvais 83 Kai. ro'
iv TIM ) in
red ‘rtves
' in (fo r xaf n ves 76v 611) in p i) rom rim s im apxm io'
m thro
Aijtpems (for pr) 1 011167 179 0130-
179 1 739 firapxm iom fir ohrjtl/ews) in 2 28‘
These last are allworth considering.
VIII.
Stic/wm etzy in fire M anuscrzpts of Dem osthe nes .
1 . It has long been known that several m anuscripts o f Dem osthenes have num erical statem ents in Greek appended to m any o f the
speeches,which have naturally been supposed to give the num ber o f thelines according to som e accepted standard . For exam ple , at the endo f the oration o n the Crown in 2 we have this statem ent,
AH Yfl EP
MO KTHZ I
£ 9 5 ¢ fl N
NO Y TOE
Z
3
xxrfl HHFf'Arllll
(i.e .
A sim ilar one follows alm ost all the speeches in E, the greater partin Bav. andF, and som e in A 1 . The sam e notices have been found inm anuscripts o f other authors ; andwe have the we l l-known statem ent o fDiogenes Laertius (v. 1 , 2 7) that the writings o f Aristotle, o f which hegives a catalogue, contain m fxo t. None o f these num bersagree with the num ber o f lines in the m anuscripts in which they stand ;for exam ple, the oration o n the Crown fills 4963 lines o f E.
2 . The true explanation o f these num bers was first given byW. Christ ', who discovered in Codex Bav. in Munich, in the left m argin
o f various colum ns, a se ries o f letters running from A to Q , and som e
Christ, Die Atticusausgab e des Dem osthenes , Munich, 1882 ; also in Abhandl.
d. k . bayer. Akad. XVI . 3 , p. 1 55 .
v1 STICHOME TR y [N M SS . OF DEM OSTHENE S . 35 1
tim es beginn ing the alphabet again . Sim ilar le tters had been found inthe m argin o f the Cratylus and the Sym posium o f Plato in the Bodleian11s. and in Ven . II by Schanz , who had com e to the conclusion that theym arked intervals o f 100 lines according to som e standard o f m easurem ent, though no total num ber o f lines was given at the end o f the
dialogue Christ found that these letters o fCod. Bav. o f Dem osthenes,on the assum ption that they m arked in tervals o f 100 lines, explained thetotal num bers at the endo f the various orations. Thus the letters in them argin o f the oration on the Crown, which (with several om iss ions) runthrough the alphabet (A—Q ) with the addition o f A
,B,I‘
, m ark 2 700
lines, ending at the line beginning 1) arao -
cv 6001 in This agreesin general with the total o f 2 768 given in E (slightly corrupted in Bav .
and Fby a m istake o f AHIII at the end for AII III). Further investigation soon showed that there were sim ilar num bers at sim ilar intervals inthe m argin o f several orations in 2
, am ong them the oratio n o n theCrown . But while in Bav. we have fo r this oration all the letters o f
the Ionic alphabe t from A to 0,except Z and I, with A and B added
,
in 2 we find only A, E, o ,I, A, M , P,
B, I‘. It is eviden t that the
letters o f the alphabe t designate the num bers 1— 2 4, as in num beringthe books o f Hom er ; and it is m ade perfectly certain by Christ thatthey m ark 1 00 lines o f text acco rding to som e generally acceptedstandard, which can hardly have been any other than a standard texto f the Alexandrian Library. But his careful investigations show co n
clusively that the standard copies o f different orations o f Dem osthenesto which the num be rs refer had lines o f different length ’, as wi ll b eseen be low in com paring the standard lines o f the Third Philippicwith those o f the orations o n the Crown and against Aristocrates.
3 . These investigations have supplied a new and m ost unexpectedargum ent against the authenticity o f the public docum ents which are
found in o ur texts o f the oration on the Crown andof som e other orationso f Dem osthenes. It is now universally adm itted, on inte rnal evidence ,that the docum ents in the speech o n the Crown are m ost transparen tforgeries. As early as 1 843, Ritschlannounced, o n Sauppe
'
s authority,that the num bers subscribed to the oratio ns in 2 (i. e . the totals) showthat the docum ents were wanting in the m anuscript which was the
authority for these num bers This general conclusion has been m ost
Schanz in Herm es, 1881 , pp. 309 ff.
3 See Christ, Atticusausgab e , etc., and Usener, Unser Plato ntext, in the Go tting .
Nachrichten, 1892 , pp. 191 , 192 .
3 See Ritschlin the NewRhein. Mus . 11 . p . 453, n . 8 ; andSauppe in the Abhandl.
d. xxv . Philologenversam m lung, 1867, pp. 81 , 82 .
352 E SSA YS . [vm .
com pletely confirm ed by the calculations o f Christ, Blass, and others,who have m ade a com parison based o n the proportion o f the linesin the Teub ner text o f Dem osthenes to the m ixe s o f the “
standard ”
m anuscripts,both with and without the docum ents . This proportion
in the oration o n the Crown is 103 to 100 with the docum ents included, and 891 to 100 without the docum ents The com parison withTeub ner pages cannot be perfectly exact, as the docum ents are printedin sm aller type than the text o f the orations. I have now m ade a
com parison be tween the actual l ines o f the Codex E and the standarddivisions (as m arked by the letters in the both with andwithoutthe docum ents, these being written in E in the sam e hand as the textitself. I give only the intervals actually m arked in E; fo r exam ple ,A— I‘ contains 300 standard lines
,P— B 900. The words added to the
num bers o f the ordinary sections in colum n 2 are those with which
(or within which) the l ines o f 2 m arked by the le tters begin.
Lines Lines Lines o fModern Sectio ns
o f 2 o fDoc. text o f22
17q 67 1
1 . P—A
1 . A—E
3 . E—O
1 . O—I’
2 . I—A
1 . A—M 1 34° otauaprvpop é n o
5 . M—P 143° dfubfo ao a
9. P—B 208° 001 6 rfiv
1 . B—P 304°
ra w
1155, P—e nd
2 774standardlines 4963 699
Christ, Atticusausgab e , p . 4 1 .
3 I add the intervalm arked b y I , which I find in 2 , to the nine given by Christfrom Bav .
1 . A, fig 1 1 28
1 54 lines of 22 (no docum ents) 154
1 . B, 1 2°
263 : 159 6 (doc. ) 1 531 . I
‘
, 26’ 35‘
161 9 ( 152
1 . A, 35‘
451
1 59 1 2 14 7
5 . A—I , 45‘
763 28 s v . r4 7
12 . I 90‘
(no docum ents) av . 1 53i
6. It thus appears that the two passages (A and I— tb ), which haveno do cum ents, agree essentially in the num ber o f lines o f E which m ake
the standard 100 lines, and this agrees also with B and I‘
if the docum en ts are left out. This also agrees essentially with the averagenum ber o f lines (1 537 ) o f E in the oration o n the Crown whichcorrespond to the standard 100 lines . But B and I
‘
with the docum entsexceed these num bers . On the other hand, A is reduced from 1 59
to 1 4 7 by om itting the two laws in 3 7 and 4 4 ; and A— I, which with
the 28 lines o f docum ents in 2 give an average o f b y the om issiono f these are reduced also to 1 4 7 . Can it b e that one o f the laws in Aand allo f those in A— I were in the standard text P
The law in 3 7 is be lieved by Kohler o n strong grounds to haveform ed part o f the decree o f 4 1 2 B.C. in C. I . Att. 1 . No . 61 , whichcon tains ano ther law o f Draco. It is true, only twe lve le tters are
legible in the three lines occupied by the law in question ; b ut thesele tters stand o n the stone in precise ly the places to which they wouldbe lo ng if the law were inscribed there . Thus we have CP I - 2 where£¢opfas would stand, and ETA at the end o f a line fo r e
’
tpé-
m c. If we
add the seven lines occupied b y this law in 2,we raise 1 4 7 to 1 54 in
division A,which agrees with the two divisions which have no docu
m ents. If we m ay furthe r assum e that all the laws in division A— I
(which are known to b e essen tially genuine) were included in the
standard text, we raise 1 4 7 here to We should thus have for thesix divisions, 1 54 , 1 53 , 1 52 , 1 54, 1 52 1
2,1 5 in substantial agreem en t,
considering the slight uncertainty as to the beginning o f the divisions .
7. The stichom etry o f the Third Philippic , to which we natural lyturn with interest, is strange and inconsistent . The total num ber o f
standard lines is 580, and 2 has 84 2 , giving an average o f to the
standard 100. Five divisions are m arked, b ut only in Bav . (so far as is
known); and these are as follows
A to 1 2°
14 1 lines o f E A to 52°
1 45 lines o f 2
B E
1‘
If A and B alone were noted, we should have an irresistible ar
gum ent against the genuineness o f the doubtful passages, which are
vm . ] STICH OME TR Y [N M SS . OF DEM OSTHENES . 355
om itted in 21 and L1 alone . Abo ut twenty-five E- lines o f these are in
A, and only four or five in B ; and yet b oth divisions were o f the sam elength in the standard text, and both now have 1 4 1 in 2. Codex Bav . ,
which includes these passages, m ust have about twenty m ore lines in A
than in B . About 1 2 lines o f I‘ and abo ut 25 of A are om itted in 2 ,
which nevertheless has 1 47 and 1 45 lines in these divisions. In E thereare 1 50 lines in 2, wi th only 4 or 5 om itted . It is obvious that thestandard lines were shorter in the Third Philippic than in the Crownb ut it is also obvious that stichom etry does little to settle the questiono f interpolations, unless we assum e either that there are interpolatedpassages
,am ounting to about 1 9 lines, in divisions I
‘
,A, and E
, whichare no t om itted in 21 or L1 . On any other supposition , especially onthat o f retain ing allthe suspected passages as they stand in the vulgate,the stichom etry o f the speech on the basis o f Codex Bav. is im possible
1 See p. 35 1 , no te 2 . The Second Philippic has ab o ut 148 lines of 2 to the
standard 100, the First Philippic ab o ut 1 54 , and the o ratio n o n the Cherso nese ab o ut
152 (allwithout do cum ents).
Fo ra fulldiscussion o f the docum ents in the texto f Dem o sthenes, see E. Drerup,
Jahrb‘
ucher filr class . Philologie , 24th Suppl. Band, 1898, pp. 2 2 1—366.
23—2
358
dpxtréxrwv (o f theatre) 29as new. .63 86 54dawha
'
is Bookedetr 144
drmé cm es 5967 7 172 iii): 183
drva évra 150, 1 5 1
adrer a‘
yyfi rovr éflehovrds 52 :
at’
rrfmaros 04 mm : 145
arirorpay més 1 10mm : 16911 157 06, on the spot, 78
abréxetp 201
d¢m pe3¢0at (co native) 17, 146
“om it 164
B
5116131» 10, 46, 186
{Batman 149
fiape‘
ir 2 2
3600701 98
Bdrrahos 1 3 1
Boar 1 5 flowlxw 59
M rwra rpdrretv 1 77
fiekrlw Ital ix flehn fww 14
fikw cpmda and flhaam afi 14 ,
floater 013; 1 30, 1 3 1
Bouhoyérqs rwf tartar 15
1‘
7070 171141 ” strut 200
‘
yevbperor w. 130
rim (rd) ” 3
7 f1 ve00a4, genuine in 96
myréuevov quota, 75
d n 94
ypam mre‘
ior hafrapxurér 96, 97
ypamzaret'
few 184
wantsa'roxww 148
7pa¢ipr (01 Ohms )Stei
n er 1 77 .
in narrower sense 1 74
wi per, propose, enact, 1 2 , 45, 2 1 2 . ypd
¢opat indict, 18, 60, 86, 1 77 .
7&7” t and t7a pass . o f b o th
7Pd¢w and 7P4¢°W 451 46s 63 1 85 1
86, 1 58. ypd¢etv r apdvopa and 7pd
¢eo flat t apavopwr‘
18, 86
éhei‘
v 9 .
Bei-m a 205
beheatoub wv 39
GREEK INDEX.
oewépov m piryuaros 60 ; cf. 86
6631402 used fo r Heliastic co urt 1 7
8171407 14161 1 2 , 89
81d 6116: at'
rroés (cond. ) 4 1
616 rod-rov: 00x! r ewfiévras 31 (cf. 37)61
’
1511 and 61'
001 32
ataduraafa 235
dra m a! 1 28
Btaxorta 146
Gm M M POW 33
m ne‘
rm uévfl wipe 103
Gwat'
v 2 7, 92 , 156, 2 2 1 , 2 26
Gearehéi w. participle 7, 1 19
Ba rtr am : 1 22
(had/twa ng and 8111” t 96. 9761846116111 7 pdmm 1
'
a 94
81667 111, 4616060 , J ared, 74 , 75
dd’
c 64
Gim m e 1311, we ought, 19Ghana: etvat (personal), 1 1 , 43.
1 2 , 14
duraté‘repa detot'
ir 1 54
film s érdya v 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 , 1 74 , 2 24
Gtwflehla 29
Goxtpaala 187, 188
sh ows! 66
667 01401, ellipsis o f w. £11 and superl. , 1 79,
180
66m m : 38, 78 (w.
Gwe n-
eta 5 1 , 190, 2 25
duair Odn pov (without verb ) 103, 104
611021! ofioho'
ir (Gr f air) 29ot
’
ro'
xohov 1 2 7
51m m
ovvdpets 164
M pdwafiat (ctr 8171167 01) 184é'yxhflpara irapdxo
'l) 1 1 2
67 11161141; 146
Gym -mum always passive 162
Markov-
n it 52 , 7 1
st (o r 77) in 2nd pers . sing . m id. 86
(w. refer. )at w. Em , 1)v, and a» 6xot 135
atw. fut. ind. and édr w. sub j . com pared1 2 7 . atw. opt. and Mr w. subj. com
pared 109, 1 10
d 7’
87 104 44 ” (for 61 7 47mm”) 57el Gan 23
et eta m l clr or 105 67 661-11111 8 1
elérrexefpna'
(iv 72 it em-
m ere 98
elérrexelpow , 0611 AV h ef tpfiaete 146 h erddr w. ao r. sub j . 39, 40eluappévm 041 mm : 1 45 £1 1 162) w. plupf. and aor. 26, 37
ctvexa 87, 107, 1 27 h a ve. (witho ut 66) after rpt'
brov Mr 8,
dire Mywv 42
ct: r'lw £1 1090” t afar 1 13
£21 rov tro tufldhhwflru 5 1
ct: rot): avxo¢dsrras dyetr 81
elaay‘
yeMa and elaa'
ryéhhew 1 7, 335efa¢opd 180
(after article) 22
ix 1 am ): f or? xpovov 2 7, 50, 144
JU N/ct 105
éxm'
r rew 187'
Eheuaivd.6e 1 28
éhhefioplf’
etr 88
Em m a, cinc'
ia , and fevurd 2 1 7 . EAR?)
m a; rpdfetr 46
ipfl efinxdn 1 73
éuflpovn rre 1 70"
Eun ovaa 95
iv 11671161 1 2 7
iv 06 Oéom 98
iv xepolv Exew 160
évooféra ‘
ra. d‘
rdv'
rwv 50
évewn jxet 102
évijv (perso nal) 1 35
GvOpur ra 184
évéaovv (figurative) 39b ards 63
évraiifl’
drfivm xas ; 9 1
tEatroupevos 2 24 ; tim oéq 36
é£d¢m s (16 1 14
éferdfeaflat and 6561-4101: 1 25 and 1 26(w.
re ferences), 194 , 2 1 7 , 2 23
dfGTGO’M ! (rare) 19
iffipxet, satis erat, 139
{Giov ann a w. ace . and dat. 2 22
n erds 72
61x27 236
(Em 6vrwv 1 53
éépaxa (no t éu'
tp. ) 49, 1 35
decipher: xal rpoa'
shets 2 26
ir awethdp evos 8 1
h ue is 93
2 1
ir eEttpydaaro 104
ér -
rjpeta and im pedj‘
tv 16, 1 7, 101 , 2 23
érnprmd 2 2 7
in"dhnflefar oivoqu ar 20
ér’tilts-taut 64
it ! rijr dhnBefas 160
it ! 1 021 avpflaa'w 1 40, 198, 199
érrlM uno z 39
til-1666611 1 25 (cf. érédwxa)tin /son ) (Herm og .) 4867 107 67 171 rofi vatrn xoii 97 ; G. ré
‘
w 1rpv
rd nwr 1 2 2 ; 6. ré‘
w rpoéopwv 257, 258
in trtpla 19. ém rfma (rd) 18
ém refxwya and ér tretxwpos 53, 62
éppé’
m‘flat ¢pdo as 1 13
Gartv 51 00 (tem po ral) 24éari rpbs fibovrjr 10
Garw ydp 194
trepos o f Alexander—4 7 mm o f the Mace
do nians 2 23, 2 25. erepov = m 6rpcov
32 . étépw57 91 19. trepos A61 0: 015
ros 38
eOflvvat 79, 80— 86, 90. 660151111 1 it em )
ptafn aOe 1 75
ovota 7, 1 3, 1 26 (see no te), 191 , 2 20,
2 24, 2 25
eflvovs 1 40, 205
451702 00502 183
eunpoatbn ovs 1 1 1
etio éfifl a 8
颒
abrofi 159é¢dm hhos 2 23
i¢eam x61 a (xlvauvov) 1 28 (w. references)f¢uyou xaxov, efipor 611.6o 182
éxpijv, 86a , etc. , no t im plying unreal
co nditio n 48 (w. refer. )txwv w. fim rehé
‘
: 7
éwhoxpadfa 42
Gun (final) 3 1
360 GREEK INDEX.
xan ryopta and xarwopéi 13 .
37, 1 55, ,9,xaropOdi w. accu s . 199
{div-rm xal611-ran 54
Kerfl w (7 5 KM ) 1 76
Kit-w, rd! (fo r Khea'
war) 68H xivados 169
p (o r at) in 2nd pers. sing . m id Klf r0¢6por 183, 184
13001 , 1101) 78, 82 , 144 , 193“MP!“ 3°
fihuda (of Jr) 1 28 “06! 189
flm hhev 1 25 , 1 36 1101110000114 xt'
tpw 83
in fi dfl m hpén ) (no t plupf. ) 25 xpam plf w 182
iv, fire , xarefhnr rat (tenses) 1 2 2 , xtixkqs (rd) 68
9
060 xarave’
imu 28, 29
0earpor a'
1hm and 0earpdtvm 28
Geo: m asc. and fem . (i) 0161 , for Athena) 7
kayo}; 5101 186
hapvyylg'
wv 205
Ah a and 0007 17 7 160t 280epwrdr 42
183183
0c
2
hwra‘ 162 , 163ewpmta 5
harm on ic and Am oun t?» 73, 75 ,1 2 2
0 vvoyb 100homm e ! 84 , 85 , 162
p“to) ” cram ; (o r haflei
’
v) 1 3 , 48
I Myer ix héyo v héywv 2 19
laufiewypdpos and“1404 10047 02 M -
you «plan 160
[64m gal 6173466404 alg a; [ 49Acidopla and hocbope
‘
ia0at 1 2 , 1 4 ,
15a» (dirt) rt'
bv) 89 89, 101
16101e 39 horror iv 25
lepopn jpoves 1 10, 287 , 338
lu m p!“ (SC 13413501) 77In w. perf. sub j . 1 29, 1 30
lr r orp6¢os 22 3
xa0’ fiyé v 1 54
xa0atp13atv (air dimer) 161
«warm 93
xa0v¢¢2vtu 77
m l expr. parallelism 1 1 , 45, 4 7
xaxawehe’
iv 188
xaxla 2 2 (w. 52, 209
m arm wns 1 5
Reheat-
rm (ijpm ) 94 , Essay VI .
xahés r oteiv 163
xdm ovres, patients , 169
m rat m br w. 7 6» t pa'
ypdrwv 152
xaraht0aiaavrer 145
xarahtiw 59
xararvxe‘
iv 1 29
xaraxetporovfa 240
paxptiy 33
uavfa and drove“: 1 74
1467111001 , Man ) 183
Mapaot , locative, 1 4 7
m o xahlhu 208
m yahopvxla and w horl/0x01 5 1
M ounts/“W 1 761m 94
Mhhovros Aé'yew 99, 100
hip“ o r nepwt (tr) 1 27, 205
Mpor (rt), o r re n éur rov) rair (t w
1 58, 1 75, 188
necrolrofi awexdis M an or 2 16
w a0£c0at 1 28
peraftfi (rov p . xpovov) 26, 2 7
Adm 54” if 50
116m ro t'
lro u has 40
a), m rabo’
iev (2 ) 6411176“ éfeht'yxewtu 59
Myra 181
362 GREEK INDEX.
1 600 ; 40 (w. refer. 4 2 , 105 .P
dftwOéVfl ; 4 1 , 93 Marc»: m 76Mum . 209, 2 10
17016 and r pdrrw 10, 48, 1 72 M m f a xai ardam wa 14 1
r okvrei‘
at (Aristo tle) 50 731971117 0. 11411017140 03 164
r okcn éecfiat 102 firm-d, xaldppqra 89
r okl‘rcuua 100 73777 6701» (17 1611 160
r okc‘rm d 7 111'
s wékem 1 72 2
r oh rcx'
b xal m an) 2 18
r oh fl xév 1 7
t okkq? 660117 1 100
r cp t-eta and wour eéew 1 5, 89, 90. Cf.
6? dudfns
t owwdwwv 6 1160637 1 37
1rp8.£cs, fortune, 224 . 1122 m m
oreuvbm s (o f Aesch .) 33aqu a): 33 (w. 1 30
viros ér elcarros 62
1 74
m xlay 3 40K¢ 16S 1 7 1
t pd-
r‘rw and r out: 10, 48, 1 72
dxev w‘
ye'
iv 34
r pé an ode , 1 1 7“ 177 763 1 37
rpoalpeo'
u and rpoazpei‘
aOac 16, 26, 46,“W13 7 “ 16!
14 166, 78, 196, 197, 202 , 2 16, 2 2 1 , 2 24 .
rpoalpem s r okcretas 1 36
rpofldkkecflat amen, avum xlav, etc. 69,
139, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2
rpofih fieis 1 10, 199
r poflokfl 2 40
r pofioékevua (o f Senate ) 1 3
rpofio vkeéw 43, 1 24
1rp5€6pot 1 24
rpoeflévra and r apefléw a 2 13
rpoelkeaOt 99
rpoefetke'
yuéva 165
rpoaemula 90, 9 1
rpoiGJ Oac 5 1 , 55 . rpbo w'
ro 1 7
r poxc uveéw 1 4 7
r porlvw 208
17p larcplav 107
rpbs 7 m yl-
v Oac 12 7
ar eppokéyos 92
a7 pefikdwavres 98
anon-
7 063 184
106
dwxpoéw 2 2 , 1 20
o vxocpdv'
rm 134 , 1 35
avprrevcdwwr dr (no t 4 767 7 1011) 1 2 2
0151611101 98
o vvezkoxdn 2 16
cweféw a 189
awrekfls 75cwxev ofipm 182
0130a 1 72
c¢erep¢f6u¢vo s 53 . 7 1
am pias (gen . o f purpose) 72
wpoad‘
yew etc éxxkna'lav 28
T
rpoc ekfle'
iv 7 45 617714 1 1 770 SM . 146
rpoaéxere réu 7 060 1 29. rpoaaxbvres 7 . rd. rpés ye 18
vo 1 2 576v , (3 2 18
rpoo'Oepém v 1 44 . rpoaOéoOm
7 11261 (év) 1 7, 48, 2 23
r pbaxvma 1 297div {kc-r ov 1 25
wporcOévm 1917 apdo ¢re¢v (active) 1 1 2 , 1 14
rpoflkafie xalxarédxe 4 77 04x131» and 7 c¢x1¢m 61 2 10
t p6¢a¢m 160 b oard o f, 82 , 327
rpou'
fikeu 2 26 7 67 6¢am tu 15
r vkd‘
yopoc 1 10, 1 1 1 , 3397 1 666va7 o 26
Ilukala 109rt xaxbv ofixl; 4 1
GREEK INDEX. 363
7 1017111 1 78 ; w. infin . in or. 061. 1 78. throwawa y 101
rbpov 7 10017 (o r Gels) 1 2 h ovkos fiavxia “ 57 171111111 and 015010 75, 180 67 104-0610, 3" 74 , 75
7 111170011177? (w. gen . ) 152 15950915140 “ 37
7 0117017 103
7 1: t
’
iyopfl fiew flofikefl u ; 1 24 W 9°7 11 1711 (w. 001 . partic.) 63
¢06vov 887 13 7 11101 ; 55
708’ 027 107 (without 67 1) 787084 (witho ut 70,uév) 105
¢1Mr r 101167 206
¢1o e1xla 105
¢oc7ar 18770x
01 7
6
6
A
1
6X 30¢op0 17007 1107 1111 191
7 0 7 77 r 01 or 17 can 01m. pov S rt 6" MW“ 5 !
09°d Pa an) 7
¢po vpo£ (Athenian) 1 28
41600001 11070 170117 1011 22
¢0X07 7 6w 09 70Aw fi001
wards, 1 38
7 000157 151 (o r 7 0001'
rrov) M10 80
7 017 1767 6 60? 1 29
r oM obs Myovs 104
WWW“93
7 7101 1716023 110110033 (tem po ral) 44 (7M )4mm 601171661? 20!
7 1167066" 1 7
oz 74 1 ” 5 xdpaxa 63Tfl flm fikfl f 95 xem appofis 1 147 p17 01wv1017§s ‘481 is!) xob ucas 1101 947 9W ” 709 m pdrw 069 7 0511 1651117x490 W Pf partic. 9° xpfiv 111100601169 w. two pro tases7 0111709 10700 198 xpfiv and xpfiv b 138
7 11x611 , per/zaps . 158 W e (iro nical) 2 2 27 91
“
610¢00pfi7 01 1117 1 72 M 7 01 7 63 Min : 1 776’
(witho ut 11611) 88xa0
’
b11as 67‘I’
7 1237 ¢6V7 10v trav 1 1 7 ”m y ¢épm r 99
Woe/16m? x79Y
0607 1, 67 7 13 61115 103
67 1 183 du mkoye’
if (iv 18
131701106007 0 107 “3" 365110v 95
fif dpxw 8. lo , 26. 47, 59, 67. 7c. 73. “5
" M ix” 95
80, 101 , 1 26, 1 28, 165, 188, 207 . 1611017 01 817 10: 617 1715» 3 1
76v h apxén w 6110760011 108, 109. 037 061161107 (conative) 1 73
brfipxev w. infin . like £60 etc. 2 1 4 , «in w. partic . (no t cond. ) 194
2 15 (in 511 lxm’015110101 194
fir elkmm m 190 d»: d! (Nix107 0 1 72
inrép and r cpt 1 4 (w. 2a 1b: érépm 61 , 150, 2 15
inrép 767 éxopd‘
w Befioukevpém 166 15017 111 (no t co nditio nal) 193, 194 ; cs0e
ér ép 611637 8 00x 2 26. 1s0e cl7710152161101 1 52
br epn¢d m s 1 77 0307 1 W . pres . and infin . 5 1 , 59 ;
137 1600110: 1 34 w. perf. and pres . infin . 180 ; w. infin.
b r oxplveaflcu 19, 201 and011 20, 2 1 ; w. indie . 32 , 87 . 1307 1
151 0717 75110? 52 w. infin . 198
ENGLISH INDEX .
7 711 references are m ade to pages.
Ab ydo s 2 1 2
Achaeans 166
Aeacus, Rhadam anthus, and Minos 92
Aegina 68Aeschines : parentage and youth 93,
94 , 244 ; as clerk 184 , 244 ; as acto r
1 3 1 , 185, 244 ; oppo ses Philip w.
Eub ulus 244 , 245 ; at Megalopolis
245 ; envoy to Philip 24 7, 257 , 264
suit ag . Tim archus 333 ; rejected as
counsel in case o f Delos 98, 99, 2 70 ;suppo rts Python 27 1 ; tried fo r r apa
1rpe0flela. and acquitted 336, 337 ;
speech at Delphi (339 B.C. ) 287—290
envoy (w. Dem ades) to Philip after
Chaero nea 297 indicts Ctesiphon 328,trial of case 329, acquittalo f Ctesiphon 33 1 ; voluntary exile 33 1 ; at
Rhodes 332 ; five periods o f life (De
m o sth . ) 187 ; his two b ro thers 2 2 1Agesilaus 2 1
Aleuadae o f Larissa. aided by Philip 40,233
Alexander I . o f Macedonia 1 43
Alexander the Great, b o rn 2 3 1 at Chaero nea 294 ; destroys Theb es 36, 328 ;dem ands Attic orato rs 36, 328 ; re
ceives crowns fro m Athens 223 ; in
vades Persia 328 ; dies at Bab ylon 305Am b racia 1 7 1
Am phictyonic Co uncil 109, 1 1 1 , EssayV . ; sum m o ned by Philip in 346 B.C.
265 ; addressed by Aeschines 287
Am phipolis 52 , 230, 23 1 , 248
Am phipolitan War 22 , 2 3 1
Am phissa destroyed by Philip 294Am phissian War stirred up by Aesch .
107—1 1 7, 1 19, 287
—290
Anacharsis 94 , 340
Anacoluthon 91 , 92Anaxinus 101 , 280
Antiphon co ndem ned 96—98 , 269, 270
Apho b etus, b ro ther of Aesch . 2 2 1 , 262
Apho b us 235, 236
Apollo , 1707 71130: o f Athens 105
Arbela, battle o f 225
Arb iters, pub lic 1 28
Arcadians 2 1 , 49
Areomsus 97 , 98, 99, 1 7°
Aristides 165
Aristodem us 23, 243
Aristoleo s o f Tt 140
Aristo nicus 60, 87, 159
Aristophon 53 , 1 19, 157
Aristo tle quoted 50, 51 , 145 . 15 1 , 193b irth 234 ; tuto r o f Alexander 275in Athens in 330 D.C. 2 25 ; death 305
Aristratus , o f Sicyon 4 1 , 207 ; o f Naxo s140
Arm pitting , Kittredge on 208
Artem isium 148
Assem bly (Athenian), two m eetings to
discuss peace in 346 B.C. 2 50—257
Athenian Confederacy (New) 230
366
130, 292 , 293 ; nego tiatio nswith Theb es293 energy after Chaeronea 295, 296,
delivers eulogy on the fallen 199, 299
speech on the Crown 299, Essays I .
and I II . Later events (330—3 22 D.C. )
305. Death at Calauria 305Dercylus 263
Dexileos , m onum ent o f, w. inscriptio n
69Dio ndas 158, 1 74
Dio nysiac Theatre 28, 29
Diopithes 53
Dio tim us 83
Do cum ents in text o f Dem . 351—355
Dodona, oracle o f 1 78
Dérpfeld o n b rick walls o f Troy, Athens,etc. 2 10, 2 1 1
Ddrpfeld andReisch o n Dio nys . Theatre
28, 29Do riscus 27, 52
Elatea, seizure o f 106, 1 1 3 , 1 14 , 1 19,
1 2 2 , 292
Eleusis , b rick walls o f 2 1 1
Em bassies o fAthens to Philip (346First 248
—250 ; Seco nd 257—261 ;
Third (to Therm 0p.) 262 , 263 , returnsto Athens 263, sent again to Philip264
Em pusa 95 1 96
Epam ino ndas 2 1 , 70, 2 29
Epigram on hero es o f Chaero nea (no tgenuine) 202—204
Epilogue , Aristotle o n 209, 3 13
Eub o ea 53, 54 , 58, 68, 165, 166, 2 1 2 ,
74 . 279, 28°
Eub ulides, speech against 97
Eub ulus 24, 53, 1 19, 238 ; w. Aeschinesagainst Philip 244 , 24 5
Badious 40
Eneratus 2 43
Euphraeus 274
Euripides : Hec. 1—3 quo ted 188 ; Te
lephus 54
Eurybatus 25
Eurydice (Philip’s m o ther) 249
Euthycrates 40, 2 70
ENGLISH INDEX.
Haliartus,battle o f 68
Halonnesus 52 , 27 1— 273 , 281
Halus and Halians 248, 253, 260
Harm o sts and Decarchies o f Lysander67, 68
Hegem o n 199
Hegesippus 2 7 1—2 73
Helias tic o ath 8, 1 2 , 88
Hellespont 54 , 163, 168, 282— 284
Hero Kan /117m and Hero Physician 94 ,Essay VI.
Hiero nym us 245
Hyperides 60, 87. 99 , 1 59: W3» 199»
2 78, 280, 295
Iatrocles 243
Illyrians 38, 1 7 1
Infin . w. 76 8, 9, 61 ; in or . 061. 9Io nic and Attic alphab ets 86
Iphicrates 70, 248
Isaeus 235, 237
Ischander 245
K
Kings o f Thrace 1 7 1 , 2 77, 2 78
L
Lasthenes 40
Leucadians 167
Leuctra, b attle o f 2 1 , 70.
insolence”
o f Thebes 2 1 , 70
Long walls o f Athens destroyed 68Lycians indicts Philocrates 242
Lyco phron o f Pherae 233
Lycurgus (Athens) 28, 295, 296
Leuctric
F
Fo reign policy o f Athens 46. 2 17
Fortune 1 4 7, 2 15 ; o f Dem o sth . 190
192 ; o f Athens 1 77— 1 79
G
Gildersleeve cited 2 1 , 1 2 7
Glauco thea, m o ther o f Aesch . 95, 181
Glaucus 22 2
Grain im po rted by Athens 62Greek League fo rm ed b y Philip 298
ENGLISH INDEX.
Lynceus, verse o f 1 89
Lysander’s go vernm ents 67 , 68
Lysicles co ndem n ed 186, 2 1 3
Mantinea 2 1 ; b attle o f 70, 229 ; walls
o f 2 1 1
Manuscripts o f o ratio n o n the CrownEssay VII . sticho m etry in 11158 . o f
Dem o sth . Essay VII I .Maratho n, hero es o f 14 7
Mauso lus o f Caria 230
Megalopolis 2 1 , 70, 2 29, 237, 24 5, 268
Megara 53, 54 , 165, 166, 2 1 7, 269M elantus 1 74
Messene 2 1 , 70, 2 29, 268
Metho ne 5 1 , 23 1
M idias 180, 235 , 239, 240, 287
Munychia 77Mysians 54
Nausicles 82 , 83
Neo ptolem us 83 ; the actor 243
O
Oath by the hero es o f Maratho n 14 7
Oenom aus 1 3 1 . Oen . dpovpaios 169Olym pias (Philip
’
s queen) 101 , 2 75, 280
Olynthiacs o f Dem o sth . 24 1 , 24 2
Olynthus and Olynthiac co nfederacy2 3 1 , 2 40, 24 1 . Olynthu s captured b y
Philip 243
Oneto r 236, 237
Onom archus 232 , 2 33
Orato rs dem anded b y Alexander 36, 328Oreus and Eretria freed 58. 2 79, 280
Oro pus 7 1
P
Peace o f Dem ades 64 , 297 , 298
Pella 5 1 , 248, 2 59
Peparethus ravaged 5 2 , 281
Perf. sub j . , opt. , and infin . 24 , 29, 30,
331 391 ” 91 '3°
Perillus (o f M egara) 4 1 , 269
Perinthus besieged b y Philip 62 , 64 , 28 1 ,282
Pero ratio n 2 26, 3 1 3
Phalaecus 246
Phalinus 7 1
Phayllus 2 33, 246
Philam m on 2 2 2
Philip I ] . o f Macedo n : succeeds to the
thro ne 230 ; takes Am phipolis 2 3 1
Am phipolitan War w. Athens 23 1 ;
fo unds Philippi, captures Pydna , Po tidaca, and Metho ne 2 3 1 ; interferes in
Thessaly 233 ; aggressio ns upo n Athens238 ; intrig ues in Eub oea 239 ; attacksOlynthiac co nfederatio n 240 ; takes
Olynthus 24 1 , 24 3 ; pro po ses peace
w. Athens 24 2 , 24 3 ; receives 1 st em
b assy 248, 249 ; sends em b assy to
Athens 250 ; receives 2nd em b assy2 59, 260 ; m arch to Therm opylae 260,
261 ; surrender o f Phocians to 263 , 264
celebrates victo ry in Sacred War 264 ,
265 ; sum m ons Am phictyo nic Co uncil,and is m ade a m em b er 265 ; celeb rates
Pythian gam es 267 ; asks recognitio n
o f Athens as an Am phictyo n 267 ; at
peace w. Athens (346—340 B.C. ) 268 ;intrigu es in Pelopo nnesu s 268, 269 ;
sends Pytho n to Athens 270 ; sends
letter to Athens 2 7 1 ; suppo rts tyrantsin Eub oea 2 74 ; enters Epiru s 275 su b
jugates Thessaly 2 75 ; m akes Aristo tleAlexander
’
s tuto r 2 75 ; attacks Cherso nese 276; dispu te ab o ut Halo nnesus
2 7 1 , 2 72 , 2 73 , 28 1 ; ravages Peparethus 28 1 b esieges Perinthus and By
zantium 281 , 282 letter to Athens, declaring war 283 ; Scythian expeditio n
284 , 285 m ade general o f Am phic
tyons in Am phissian War 29 1 , 292 ;
seizes Elatea 292 ; destroys Am phissa293, 294 ; pro po ses peace w. Athens294 victory at Chaero nea 295
drunken revels after battle 200, 201 ,
297 ; sends Dem ades to Athens 297 ;
peace o f Dem ades 297 ; assassinated
305 , 328
Philistides at Oreus 2 74 ; killed 2 79
Philo chares, b ro ther o f Aesch . 2 2 1
Philocrates, peace o f 24 2— 257
368 EN GLISH INDEX.
Philom elus 232
Phlias 2 1
Phocian (Sacred) War 20, 2 2 , 33, 23 1 ,
232 , 267
Phocians plunder tem ple of Delphi 232 ,2 46; send envo
‘ys to Philip 2 59 ; su r
render Therm o pylae to Philip 34 , 263 ;punishm ent o f 265, 266; reco rds o f
paym ents o f fine 265 ; rem nant o f, m ur
dered at Elis 269
Phocio n 108, 197 . 199, 2 39, 282 ,
297 , 298
Phryno n o f Rham nus 24 2
Pindar quo ted 208
Pluperfect in m y and an 24 , 25
Plutarchus o f Eretria 239Pnyx 1 24
Polyb ius 49, quo ted 207Po rthm us destroyed 2 74
Po tidaea 52 , 23 1
Priso ners ranso m ed by Dem o sth . 189Property tax 180
Pro xenus 246, 24 7, 258
Prytanes, Proedri, etc. 1 23, 1 24
Pydna 52 , 230, 23 1
Pythian gam es in 346 D.C. 267Pythocles 199
Python at Athens 100, 270, 27 1
Rhythm 7
River battle 1 54 , 293
Salam is 148. Ships in battle o f 167
Scythian exped. o f Philip 284 , 285
Senate andAssem bly sum m oned by Prytanes 1 23, 1 24
Serrhium etc. 27, 52 , 259
Sim onides , epigram o n hero es o f Mara
thb n 204
Sim as o f Larissa 40Solon 1 2 , 1 78
So sicles 1 74
Sparta invaded b y Epam inondas 2 29
Statesm an and 00110e com pared 1 34 ,
135
CAMBRIDGE : PRINTED BY 1. AND C. F. CLAY , AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS .
Subj . and fut. indic. co ntrasted 127 ;
sub j . and opt. 1 10
Sym m ories , leaders o f 74 , 1 25, 180, 236
Sym m o ries, speech o n 20, 46, 237
Synod o f allies o f Athens 24 ; reso lutio n
o f 253. «54 . 257
T
Talent (Attic), m odern value o f 234
Tauro sthenes o f Chalcis 2 74
Telephus 54Theagenes 2 1 1 , 2 1 2
Theb es after Leuctra 70 ; feeling o f
Dem o sth . towards 20 ; coolness o f
The bes and Thessaly towards Philipin 339 B.C. 108, 286. Thebes in 340
B.C. 165 ; allied w. Athens in 339
B.C. 292 , 293 ; Athenian arm y in 1 53,
154 ; destroyed by Alexander 20, 36,
328
Them ison o f Eretria 7 1
Theo ric fund 8 1Therm opylae , Philip checked at 3 1 , 82 ,
83, 2 14, 233, 238, 24 1 surrender o f,
by Phocians 34, 263
Theseum 94
Thrace , kings o f 1 7 1 , 2 77, 2 78
Thracian gold m ines 28
Thrasyb ulus o f Collytus 1 57
Thrasylochus 235
Tim archus, trial o f 333 . 334
Tim olaus 40
To xaris 94 , Essay VI .Triballi 38, 284, 285
Trib ute of Athens 165
Trierarchs 7 1 , 73, 75. Trierarchic refo rm
o f Dem . 73—79
Trom es (Atrom etus) 95Troy, b rick walls o f 2 10, 2 1 1
W
War b etween Philip ,
and Athens 2 2 ,
23 1 ; renewed in 340 D.C. 55, 56,
283, 284 , 285
Winter battle (339—338 B.C. ) 1 14 , 1 55 ,
293
