z

CONTENTS

HOWARD, R .A. , Three new species of Dicotyledoneae from

St,Lucia,

SAGASTEGUl-ALVA, A. , DlLLON, NO A new species of

|CESKA, A. , B ibliography of botanical papers publishedinSyesis 1 (1968) 17 (1

MOLDENKE , H .N Notes on the genus Clerodendrum

CUATRECASAS , J . , Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XVI.

LUNDELL, C.L. , NeotropicalMyrsinaceae XX

MOLDENKE, A.L. , Book reviews

OCT 2 7 1988

Published by Harold N . Moldenke and Alma L . Moldenke

590 Hemlock Avenue N W .

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dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers 10 5[II the mail must be made immediately after receipt of the next followinnumber for free replacement ; back volume prices apply if payment i

received after a volume is closed.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF DICOTYLEDONEAE FROM ST . LUCIA , WEST INDIES

Ri chard A . HowardArno ld Arbore tum o f Harvard Univers i ty

22 Div ini ty Avenue , Camb r idge , Massachu se t t s 02 1 38

New species o f Aca lypha , Bernardie (Euphorb iaceae ) , and

Ca l liandr a (Leguminos ae ) are des cr ib ed a t thi s t ime f or inclu s ioni n volume f our o f t he Flor a o f t he Lesser An t i lles , now in press .

Acalypha e l i zabe t hae Howard , sp . nov .

Fru te x monoi cus ; f o l i a ov a t a 1 5- 20 x 10- 1 2 cm. den t a ta ,

h irsu ta , gl andu l i s i n s inu b asal i aggrega t i s , ses s i l i bu s ,

se t ace i s ; i n f l ores cen t i a ax i llar i s , spicata ad 20 cm, ovar i i s

verrucoso- gl andu l os i s .

Shrub t o 3 m, h ir su te w i th l ong, s t i f f , occas i onally clu s teredha irs . St ipu les b roadly lanceola te t o x cm; b lades b roadlyovate , 1 5- 20 x 10—1 2 cm, b ase corda te , ape x acumina te , memb ranous ,

s trongly 5 or more palma tely ve ined a t b a se , wi th 3 t o 5 se t aceou sses s i le glands i n t he s inu s , s ome t o 4 mm long , margin sharplydent ate ,

tee th lance ola te when young , each t oo thed on t he s ides ,

b e coming b roader and en t i re on matur i ty , a l l par t s hirsu te wi ths ingle or clus tered s t i f f hair s . In f lorescences spi ca te , ax i llary ;s tamina te 7- 10 cm l ong , densely f lowe red , imb r ica ted b ract ssever al a t b ase , ovate t o 1 mm; pis t i l la te in f l orescences a t

di f f erent nodes , spicate , tenuous , 15- 20 cm long , b asa l b ract sclu s tered ,

ova te ,t o 1 mm, f l owers i n clu s ters o f 2 or 3 , t he

uni t s separated ,each sub tended by an ova te b r act t o 2 mm, h i r

s u te , ovary verru cose-

glandu lar , s tyles lacinia te from b ase , red .

Capsu le 2 mm di a verru cose -

glandu lar ,ma ture seeds no t seen .

S t . Lu cia : Gr os Pi t on , Sou fr iere , May 3 , 1950 ,R . A . Howard

1 1492 (holo type ,A) ; Pe t i t P i t on , Sou fr iere ,

May 2 ,1985 , L . L .

Jn .- Pierre 1 41 (A) .

Thi s species di f f er s i n i t s spi ca te in f lorescences , b r oadlylanceo la te s t ipules and ova te den ta te leaves f r om Acalypha v in

cen t ina Urb an , wh ich has ova te- el l ipt ic and crenate leaves ,

se t aceous s t ipu les , panicu la te in f lores cences and pedi ce l la tef lowers .

Acalypha e l i zab e t hae i s named in tr ibu te t o El i zabe th S .

H oward , my w i fe of many years ,who expl ored t he Lesser Ant i l les

wi th me on t he f irs t of many tr ips i n 1 950 , when t he hol o type was

col lected . As indi ca ted , t he species has been col lected again on

t he summi t of Pe t i t Pi t on, an adj acen t peak .

2 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

Bernardie l aur en t i i Howard , sp. nov .

Fru te x di o icu s , t ot u s dense s t r i goso pub escens ; s tamina 10- 1 1

pi s t i l l um 3- carpe 1 1 a t um, s tyl i crass i , recurv a t i , b as i separa t i ,

pers i s ten tes i n f ru ct i bus r igide recurv a t i .

Di oeci ous shrub t o m, compact and densely b ranched , a l l

par t s dense ly covered wi th a s tr igose pubescence . St ipu less e t aceou s , 2 mm, caducous . Pe t i oles s t ou t , 3- 4 mm long; b ladesovate- lanceola te ,

- 7 x 2 cm, b ase acu te or cunea te , ape xacu te , b o th sur f aces pers is ten t ly and densely s tr igose pub escent ,

b as al ve ins 2 , one or b o th w i th r ound , f la t , ax i llary glands , t e

ma ining ve ins usually 5 , s traigh t and as cending , margin w i th con

spi cuous serra te tee th o f ten t ipped w i th a s ingle one or a clus tero f larger s t i f f ha irs , b ecoming call ose on ma tur i ty and r ounded .

Stamina te in f l ores cences ax i l lary ,- 2 cm long, wi th 5 t o 7

separ a ted f l ower clu s ter s ,e ach sub tended by br oadly ova te b r act s ,

2 x mm, ape x acu te w i th clus ters of r igid ha ir s , dense lys tr igose , sub tending 6 t o 8 f l owers , ma tur ing b as ipe ta lly w i thpedi cels 2 mm l ong , sepals A, ova te , x 1 mm, s tamens 10 or

1 1 , f i lamen ts mm, an thers ova te , mm; pis t i lla te i n

f l ores cences terminal and ax i llary , 5- 6 mm long, s t ou t ly racemosew i th 3 or 4 b ranches , clos e ly imb r i ca te br oadly ova t e b ra ct s 3 x

- 3 mm, caly x o f 3 , 4 or 5 ova te sepals - 3 x 2 mm, pis t i l3- carpel la te , 2 mm l ong , s tr igose , s tyles deeply div ided and

seemingly separ ate f or each carpe l , 2 mm long , th ick and s tr onglyrecurved , ovu le 1 per l ocu le . Fru i t depressed gl ob ose 1 cm di a . ,

cm h igh , ma ture valves woody , s tr igose e x ternal ly , shin ingins ide ; seed tr iangu lar , 6 mm l ong, 4 mm on each s ide , mo t t ledw i th gray- b r own scru f f y ma ter i al , t he sur f ace layer o f dark sh inyches tnu t - b rown col or .

S t . Lucia : Summi t o f Pe t i t Pi t on , Sou fr iere , al t i tudeV . Slane L . L . Jn .

- Pierre 72 2 (ho lo type , A , pis t i lla te ) , Oct .

2 , 1 985 ; 72 1 (A , s tamina te ) , same da ta .

Th is species i s clear ly di s t inct ive i n t he dense s tr igos epub es cence o f a l l par t s and t he seemingly separa te s tyles f or

ea ch carpel . In con tras t ,Bernardi a di cho t oma (W i lld . ) Muel l .

Arg. has a s o f t pub es cence o f mi xed h irsu te and s tel la te hair sand a s l ight ly div ided s ty le ,

whi le Bernardi a corens i s ( Jacq . )Muell . Arg. i s sparsely pubescent when young and glabrate and

shiny when ma ture,wi th shor t , clear ly b i f id s tyles .

Bernardi a l auren t i i i s named i n h onor o f i t s energe t i c col

lect or , Laurent Lawrence Je an- Pier re o f St . Lu ci a . The Pe t i tPi t on , where t he plant s were co llected , has only recent ly beena ccess ib le t o cl imb ing by those no t avid and capab le r ock cl imbers . N o general b o t anica l col lect i ons were prev i ous ly knownf rom i t s summi t . In addi t i on t o th i s and t he prev i ous species ,

a co llect i on o f t he au then t ic Juniperu s b arb adens is L . i s one o f

Howard, T hree new speci es

t he exci t ing discover ies of Slane and Jn .- Pierre from t he summi t

of Pe t i t Pi t on , where explora t i ons w i ll cont inue .

Cal liandra s l aneae Howard , sp. nov .

Frute x ad 2 m, rami abbrev ia t i bene evo lu t i s t ipu l i s imbr i

cat is pers i s t en t i bus ; pinnae uni j ugae ; f ol i o l a 3- 4- j uga , e l l ipt i co

ob ovata , 5- 7 x 3- 4 mm, cor iacea , l ucen t i a ; in f l ores cen t i a 25- 30

f lora , f ilamen ta s t amina l i a in tense rubra ; legumen ad 6 cm,

6- spermum.

Shrub to 2 m t al l b u t o f ten 3- 4 m diame ter , twigs b r own ,

glabrou s or s l igh t ly pubescen t ; ax i llary sh or t shoo t s t o 1 cm

wi th pers is tent over lapping s t ipu les . St ipu les b roadly ova tetr iangular , acumina te , t o x 1 mm

, cor iace ous , s tr onglys tr ia te , per s i s ten t , pinnae 1 pair , rach is 7— 1 2 mm, cr i spose

pub escent ; lea f le t s 3 or 4 pa ir s ,middle one s e ll ipt i c- ob l ong t o

ell ipt ic- ob ovate 5- 7 x 3- 4 mm, upper pair s l igh t ly f alca te and

larger , lower pair o f ten very une qu al and smal ler , ob tuselycorda te and asymme tr i cal a t b ase , ob tuse and shor t apicu la te a t

ape x , cor iaceous , sh ining , margin ent ire , ci li o la te , midr ibacentr ic , l ower hal f wi th 2 as cending ve ins . Inf l orescencea x i l lary , capi ta te , 25 t o 30- f l owered , peduncle 1 cm, b r a ct str iangu lar , t o 1 mm, caly x campanu la t e 2 mm, s tr ongly s tr i a te ,

S- t oo thed , coro lla tub e 2- 3 mm, l ob es ova t e , mm, glabrou s ,

s tamina l tub e e x ser ted t o 7 mm, f ree por t i on o f f i lamen t s t o2 cm,

red . Legume t o 6 cm x 1 cm, ob tuse and api cu la te a t

ape x , margins s tr ongly developed , seeds 6 .

Type : St . Luci a , 3 mi les nor theas t o f Dennery , May 15 ,

1985 ,V . Sl ane 541 (ho lo type ,

A) .

Addi t i onal colle ct i onsMar t inique : Grand Tourneau , Hahn 1 1 2 1 (A) ; Esper ance ,

St eh le1 643 (A) .

St . Lucia : Dennery,R . A . Howard R . E . Weaver 1 7946 (S) ,

Mar igo t Lagoon ,A . C . Smi th 101 86 (AS) ; Cap Es ta te , B .

Sturrock 386 (A) .

Vincent , R . A . Howard 10908 (A) ; Mayero , D. Fair ch i ld 2 757

Thi s spe cies resemb les Ca l l iandra pu rpurea L . , f r om wh ichi t i s dis t ingu ished by t he f ewer and smal ler shining cor iaceou slea f le t s and smal ler f ru i t .

4 P H Y T 0 L 0 I A Vol . 61 , No .

Ca ll iandra s l ane ae i s named i n honor of Verna Slane , who has

co llected ex tens ively i n St . Lucia as a member of t he Un i tedSta tes Peace Corps . The herb ar ium b e ing deve loped f or t he Forest ry Depar tment i s t he resu l t of her work . We are gra te fu l t o herf or t he many collect i ons made in ass is t ance t o t he pr oduct i on o ft he Fl ora o f t he Les ser An t i lles , wh i ch w il l include over a

hundred new r ecords f or St . Lucia as a resu l t o f her e f f or ts .

A NEW SPECIES OF NDNACI‘

IS (ASTERACEAE ) FROM NORTHERN PERU

Abundio Sagas t egui -Al va

Herbar ium Trux i l l ense (HUT )Universidad Nacional de Truj i llo . Truj i l lo . Peru

Michae l O. Di llon

Field Museum o f Na t ural Hist ory. Chicago , IL 60605- 2496

ABSTRACT A new species of Monact i s (He l iantheae—As t eraceae ) i sdescribed f romnorthern Peru : Monac t i s rhomb i f o l ia Sagést .

Di llon .

Rob inson (1976 , 1979 ) recent ly rev iewed the genus Monact i s

and added severa l new species . The present paper descr i bes a we l lde f ined new spec ies f rom northern Peru , thus bringing th e t ot a lfor the genus t o 1 1 . The genus is rest rict ed t o southern Ecuador

(5 spp. ) and nor t hern Peru (6

lt n act is fln b i fiol ia Sagast . 8. Di l l cn . sp . nov . Fig. l .

Monact i s l ojaens i s H. Rob inson accedens sed fo l i is grand i s

rhomb i formi s ; phy l l ar i a 2 - seria t a l inear i - lanceo la t a , 6- 7(- 9) mmlonga ,

- l - l .5 ) mm la t a : achaenia 6- 7 nun longa .

Dept . Ca jamarca . Prov . J aén : ent re Chamay'

a yc l ayo

-J aén , 550 m, 2 J un 1972 , I . Sanchez Vega 979

(HUT, ho lot ype : CPUN, F. i sot ypes ).

Sma l l t ree s or large shrub s . l .7 - 7) m: st ems muchbranch ed. t eret e . st ria t e , dense ly cinereo -

puberu lent t o cinereo

t oment ose . large cent ra l pi th . Im ves a l t erna t e , pet io les 1—4

cm long, dense ly puberu lent , broad ly winged ; b lades rhomb ict o rhomb ic-ovat e , 20- 33 cm long, 1 3- 21 cmwide . memb ranaceous ,basa l ly acumira t e t o cunea t e , t r inervat e f ra il above th e base .

apica l ly acumina t e , the u l t ima t e port ion acut e t o ob t use . the

lower surf aces v i l lous , the ve ins prominent , dense ly v i l lous . the

upper sur faces puberu lent . glabrescent . the margins crena t e t o

repand . Capi t ul esoences t ermina l . b road ly corymbose—panicu l at e .

the peduncles v i l l osu l ous. glandu lar . Capi t ul a radiat e .

pedice l la t e. the pedicles 2- 10 mm l ong, v i l l osu l ous . glandu larinvolucres cyl indr ica l , 6- 7 mmh igh . t end ing t o twi st at ma t uri t y.

of t en sub t ended by ca lycu lat e bract s , - 2 mm long. dense l y

6 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , No . l

v i l l osu l ous : phyl lar ies ca . 2 - ser ia t e . the ou t er l inearlanceola t e . ca. 6 mm long. mmwide . plane t o concave or

cymb i form. v i l l osu l ous . apica l ly acut e t o ob t use . glandu lar . of t en

s l igh t ly re f lexed. ci l io la te . the inner l inear- lanceola t e . 7-8

9 ) m long.- 1 - l .5 ) mm wide . concave t o cymb i form.

v i l l osu l ous. apica l ly acu t e ; recept ac le convex. pa leaceous . the

pa leae simi lar t o inner phyl laries . 7—8 - 9) mm long: ray f loret lor absent . f er t i le . the coro l la ye l low. the t ube ca .

- 2 - 3 ) nunlong. glabrous . the l igu la e l l ipt ic. 6- 7 - 9) mm long. ca . 3

mmwide ; d isc f lore t s (7 8- 14 the coro l l a ye l low.

the t ube ca . mm long. spar se ly glandu lar . the l imb mml a xg. b road ly campanu la t e . 5- lobed. the lobes ca . mm long.

de l t oid. the anthers - 2 mm long. brown t o b lack . the st yleb ranches ca . mm long. Achenes fusi form. 6- 7 mm long.

glabrous sub t eret e . s l igh t ly f a lcat e : pappus of a s inglesquame l la . ova t a l ance l a t e. ca . mm long. ca . mmwide .

persist ent .

DISTRIBUTICN : Known f rom loca l popu lat ions in th e Rio Chamaya

(t ype loca l i t y) and Rio Ut cubamba va l leys. both associa t ed wi th

th e Rio Marafién dra inage syst em (550- 1820 m).

The Rio Chamaya and associa t ed va l leys have yie lded manyendemics including the fo l lowing t axa co l lect ed near the t ype

loca l i ty Caesa lpi ni a $5 1 0 1 Wi l ld. (Ca esa lpiniaceae ).14253. Pucara leucantha

(Amaryl l idaceae ). and Tecoma r0 5 1 f o l i a H.B.K. (B ignoniaceae ).

Mcnact i s rhomb i fo l ia most close ly resemb les M. l ojaens is of

southern Ecuador . bu t i s readi ly dist ingu ished f rom tha t species

by the former '

s larger . rhomb ic leaves and larger . l inearlanceo lat e phyl lar ies . These charact ers a l so serve t o separat e i t

f rom a l l other Peruv ian species. On ly M. wurdack i i H. Rob inson.

f rom near Chachapoyas (Dept . Amazonas ) . E s leaves (8- 14 cm long.

- 9 cmwide ) approach ing t hose of M. rhomb i fo l ia .

Bcngara : 2 1 kmN of Pedro Ruiz (Sh ipasbamba ) on road between

Moyobamb a and Bagua . 1 82 0 m. 1 5 Apr 1 984 . T . B . Croa t 5831 0 (P .

HUT . MO).

Sagast egu i -Al va Di l l on, A new speci es

Rob inson. H. 1976. St udies in the He l iantheae (As t eraceae ). VII .

Not es on the genus Monact is. Phyt o logie 34 : 33-45.

St udies in the He l iantheae (As t eraceae ). XVII .

70- 78.

The i l lust ra t ion was prepared by Segundo Lei va Gcn zé l es.Universidad Naciona l de Tru j i l lo (HUT ). Th is st udy was made

poss ib le by a grant f rom th e NSF- Science in Deve loping Count ries

Program (INT

DCPLAMXTION OF FIGURE

Fig. l . Monact is rhomb i fo l ia . A. f lowering b ranch ; B. capi t u lumC. ray f loret ; D. d i sc f loret and pa lea ; E. st amen: F. st yleb ranches ; G. achene . (Drawn f rom Sanchez V_. 979 . M ) .

BIBL IOGRAPHY or BOTANICAL PAPERS PUBLISHED

IN srssrs 1 ( 1968) 17 ( 1984 )

Ado l f Ce skaBritish Columbia Provincial Mu seumVictoria , Canada V8V 1X4

INTRODUCTION

Sye s i s was a multidisciplinary j ournal pub l i shed by t he British Co l umb i a Provinc i a l Mu seum from 1968 to 1984 . I t was e stabl i shed as a centennia lpro ject to fi l l t he need f or a regional journal f or publishing scholarlypapers dealing with both natu ral and human hi story i n British Columbia and

t he Paci fic Northwe st . Longer paper s were pub l ished in Supplement

The scape of Sye s i s wa s very wide . The j ou rna l published a r ticle s on

sub j ect s ranging from geomorphol ogy ( e . g. tidal wave warning systems )through b io l ogy , archaeo l ogy , and linguis tics to medical prob l ems (e . g. t he

attrition o f teeth ) . An impor tant factor i n t he moulding of Sye s i s wa s t he

selection of t he editor . The fir st editor of Sye s i s wa s Dr . Rober t F .

Scage l , a specia l ist in ma rine algae a t t he Univer sity of British Co l umb iain Vancouver . Under h i s editorship , from 1968 to 1975 , Sye s i s developed intoa j ournal which wa s ve ry strong in botany and e specially phycology . In 1976

Dr . Gilbert C . Hughe s , a mycologi st a t t he Univer si t y of Briti sh Columb ia ,

became t he second editor of Sye s i s . The jou rnal re tained i t s origina lcharacte r . Fr om t he fir st i ssue to t he l ast Sye s i s wa s an excellent regionalbotanica l j ournal . Among t he other biological di scipline s , only i ch t hyo l ogi

ca l and ornithological pape r s were relatively well repre sented . In 1973

Ecology pf we ste rn North America , a serie s edited by Dr s . V . J . Kra j ina and

R . C . Brooke and pub l ished by t he Univer sity of British Co l umbia , wa s merged

with Sye s i s . Thi s me rger b rought seve ral impor tant vegeta t ion s tudie s toSye s i s and furthe r strengthened i t s botanical cha r acter .

In i t s seventeen volume s Sye s i s published 175 paper s dea l ing withvar iou s botanical discipline s (phyco l ogy 74 , myco l ogy 2 2 , b ryologylichenology 10 , va scular plant s flor istics 32 , plant eco l ogy 19 ,

paleobotany palyno l ogy 5 , ethnobotany 8 , b ibliography ob ituarie sNine new genera , 34 new specie s , one new name and 3 1 new nomenclatu ralcomb inations o f algae and fungi and two new va rietie s and one new form o fva scular pl ant s we re published in Sye s i s .

Editorial di f ficultie s and financial con strain t s l ed to a highlyirregular publication schedule , with long inte rvals between volume s . Highquality glossy paper was replaced with cheape r , bu t still acceptable pape r .

Neverthele ss t he cost of publishing remained high . There were also seriou sprob l ems with t he marketing of Sye s i s . The multidi sciplinary nature o f t he

journal made t he content of individual volume s unpredictable and deterred9

10 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

potential sub scriber s . The irregu lar publica tion schedule , on t he otherhand , de te rred potentia l contr ibu tor s .

In 1985 t he Br itish Columb ia Provincial Mu seum decided to stop publication of Sye s i s and to repl ace it with t he Contribu tions series . ThreeCont ributions serie s (Contr ibu tions in Natu ra l Science , Contribu tions in

Human History and Contr ibu tions in Mu seum Studie s ) wil l pub l ish individualpaper s with t he prior ity given to t he employee s and research associate s oft he British Columbia Provincial Mu seum, bu t paper s from wor ker s ou t side t he

Mu seum will also be conside red . Editorial cont rol f or the se series will be

t he re sponsib ility of t he General Publicat i ons Committee of t he Briti shColumbia Provincial Mu seum ( f or more information see Bark l ey , W .D. 1985 . The

end o f an e xper iment . Syes i s

The fir st section o f this b ibliography lists botanica l paper s pub

l i shed in Sze s i s and i t s Supplement s from issue 1 ( 1968 ) to issue 17

I t i s divided into ma j or par t s according to ma j or specializations . The

divisions are b road , and the re i s no ove rlap in cita tions . The second sec

tion provide s a list o f new plant taxa or new name s published i n Sye s i s .

Publica tion da te s of Sye s i s and i t s Supplements are given in t he Appendix .

PHYCOLOGY , MAR INE AND FRESHWATER ALGAE

Abbott , I .A . 1970 . On some new records of marine algae from Wa shingtonState . Sye s i s 3 : 1 - 4 .

Abbot t , I .A . 1972 . On t he specie s o f Ir i daea (Rhodophyta ) from t he Paci ficcoa st of Nor th Ame rica . Sye s i s 4 : 5 1- 72 .

Boney , A .D. 1979 . Audou i ne l la bonnema i son i ae ( Batt . ) Dixon in Bonnema i soni a

noo t kana (Bsper ) Silva ; i n situ and in vitro studie s . Sye s i s 1 1 : 65- 71 .

Bird , C . J D . Garbary , and Hansen . 1982 . Ob servations on P t i l o t ham

n i onOps i s l e jo l i sea ( Farl . ) Di x . (Ce ramiaceae , Rhodophyta ) in nor t hwe s

tern Nor th Ame rica . Sye s i s 14 : 109- 1 13 .

Calvin , N. I . 1977. A qualitative de scription of t he inte r tidal plants and

animals of Berne r s Bay , sou thea stern Ala ska . Sye s i s 10 : 1 1 - 24 .

Chapman , A . R . 0 . 1972 . Morphological variation and i t s taxonomic implications in t he ligulate member s of t he genu s De sma re stia occurr ing on t he

we st coast of Nor th Ame rica . Sye s i s 5 : 1 - 20 .

Chen , L . C .-M. and J . McLach l an . 1980 . Rhodogl os sum a f fine (Ha rv . ) Kylin

(Giga r tinaceae , Rhodophyta ) i n culture . Sye s i s 12 : 1 13- 1 16 .

Chiha ra , M . 1969 . Field , culturing and taxonomic studies of Ulva fenestrataP . R . and Ulva scage l i i sp. nov . (Chlorophyceae ) in British Columb iaand northern Washington . Sye s i s 1 : 87- 102 .

Cole , K . and L in , S .- C . 1969 . The ecology of Lea t he s i a d i f f ormi s , I . Fine

structure of vegeta tive cells in field and cultured ma terial . Sye s i s 1

103- 1 19 .

Conway , B . 1976 . Porphyra maculosa sp. nov . in Briti sh Columb ia . Sye s i s 8

317- 320 .

Conway , B T . F . Mumford . J r . , and R . F . Scage l . 1976 . The genus Porphyra in

British Columbia and Washington . Sye s i s 8 : 185- 244 .

1986 Ceska , B i b l i ography l l

de Wreede , R . E . 1979 . Pheno l ogy of Sargas sum mu ticum (Pha phyt a ) in t he

Stra it of Georgia , British Co l umb i a . Sye s i s 1 1 : 1 - 9 .

Ede l stein , T . 1972 . On t he taxonomic statu s of Gl oi os i honia ca l i fornica(Far l ow ) J . Agardh (Cryptonemia l es , Gloiosiphoniaceae ) . Sye s i s 5 : 2 2 7

234 .

B l l i s , R . J . and N. I . Calvin . 1983 . Ob servations on t he 1975 year c l as s ofLaminar ia groenlandica and incidental ecological ob servations ,

southea stern Alaska , 1975- 80 . Sye s i s 15 : 1 -6 .

Foreman , R . E S . C . Lindstrom, and J . L . Ce l e stino . 1973 . New records o fma rine algae in British Co l umbia . Note s . Sye s i s 6 : 267- 268 .

Fralick , J . E . and K . Cole . 1973 . Cytological ob servations on two specie s o fIr i da ea ( Rhodophyceae , Gigar tinale s ) . Note s . Sye s i s 6 : 271 - 272 .

Garba ry , D. J L . Golden , and R . F . Scage l . 1983 . Capsos iphon f u l ve scens

(Capsos iphonaceae , Ch l orOphyt a ) , redi scovered in t he nor thea ste rnPaci fic . Sye s i s 1 5 : 39- 4 2 .

Garbary , D. J G . I . Hansen , and R . F . Scage l . 1981 . The marine algae o fBritish Columbia and Nor the rn Washington : division Rhodophyta ( red

a l gae ) , cla s s Bangi Ophyceae . Sye s i s 1 3 : 1 37- 195 .

Garbary , D. J G . I . Hansen , and R . F . Scage l . 1983 . The mar ine algae ofBritish Co l umbia and nor thern Wa shington : divi sion of Rhodophyta ( red

a l gae ) , c l a ss F l or i deophyceae , order s Acrochae t i a l e s and Nema l i a l e s .

Sye sis 15 (Suppl . 1 - 102 .

Carbary , D. J G . I . Hansen , and R . F . Scage l . 1985 . Additions to t he ma r inealgae o f Bark l ey Sound , Vancouve r I s l and , Briti sh Columbia . Sye s i s 1 7

4 3-4 5 .

Green , R . B . 1980 . Sca l e - bea ring Chrysophyceae from seven l ake s on Vancouve rI sland . Sye s i s 1 2 : 155- 162 .

Guiry , M . D . l 976a . An a sse s sment o f Palmar ia pa lma ta forma mo l l is ( S . e t

G . ) comb .nov . (=Rhodypen i a palmata f orms mol l i s S . a t G . ) i n t he ea stern Nor th Paci fic . Sye s i s 8 : 24 5- 261 .

Guiry , M . D . 1976b . Ha l osacc i oco

Sye s i s 8 : 1 13- 1 17 .

Hansen , G . I D. J . Carba ry , J . C . Oliveira , and R . F . Scage l . 1982 . New

records and range extensions o f marine algae from Ala ska . Sye s i s 14

1 15- 123 .

Ha r l in , M . M . 1970 . A phycological survey of Steamboat I sland , Thur stonCounty , Wa shington State . Sye s i s 2 : 257- 261 .

Hawke s , M.W . 1982 . Porphyra ne reocysti s and P . t hu re t i i (Rhodophyta )gametophyte morphology , di stribu tion , and occu rrence . Sye s i s 14 : 97

108 .

Hawkes , M.W C . E . Tanner , and P .A . Lebedn i k . 1979 . The b enthic marinealgae o f nor the rn Br itish Columbia . Sye s i s 1 1 : 81 - 1 15 .

Hodgson , L .M. and J . R . Waa l and . 1980 . Sea sonal variation in t he sub tidalmacroa l gae o f Fox I sland , Puge t Sound , Wa shington . Sye s i s 12 : 107- 1 12 .

Hoham, R.W . 1973 . P l e i omorph i sm in t he snow alga , Rhaph i donema nivaleLagerh . (Chlorophyta ) , and a revision o f t he genu s Rhaph i donema Lagerh .

Sye s i s 6 : 255- 263 .

Hoham, R .W . 1975 . New findings i n t he li fe hi s tory of t he snow alga ,

Ch l a inomona s rub ra ( Stein e t Brooke ) comb . nov . (Chlorophyta ,

Volvocale s ) . Sye s i s 7 : 2 39- 247 .

12 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No . l

Hollenbe rg, G . J . 1970 . New specie s o f marine a l gae from Washington , U . S .A .

Sye s i s 2 : 163- 169 .

Kri s tiansen , J . 1976 . Chrysophycea e from Alber ta and British Co l umbia .

Sye s i s 8 : 97- 108 .

Lebedn i k , P .A . 1976 . A new record o f Ch i haraea Johansen (Rhodophc phyt a ,

Cor a l l inaceae ) from British Columbia . Note s . Syes i s 8 : 397.

Lebedni k , P .A . 1977 . The Corallinaceae of nor thwe ste rn Nor th America . I .

Cl a t hromorphum Fos l i e emend . Adey . Sye s i s 9 : 59- 1 1 2 .

Lindst rom, 1976 . Records of some red algae occu rring in sou the rnsou theast Ala ska . Note s . Sye s i s 8 : 403-404 .

Lindstrom, and N. I . Calvin . 1976 . New records of marine algae from t he

Gul f of Ala ska . Note s . Sye s i s 8 : 405- 4 06 .

Lindst rom, and R . E . Foreman . 1979 . Seaweed a s sociations o f t he F l atTop I slands , British Columbia : A compa ri son of community me thods .

Sye s i s 1 1 : 171- 185 .

Lindstrom, and R . F . Scage l . 1980 . Some new distribu tion records o fmarine a l gae in sou thea st Al a ska . Sye s i s 1 2 : 163- 168 .

Lindstrom, and M. J . Wynne . 1982 . Tok i daea ch i l ka t ens i s sp. nov . and T .

ser rata (Wynne ) comb . nov . (Ce ramiaceae , Rhodophyta ) from Ala ska .

Sye s i s 14 : 33- 43 . [ See also Sye s i s 15 :

Lindstrom, S ,C . , M. J . Wynne , and N. I . Calvin . 1983 . P l eonospor i um pedicellatum sp. nov . and note s on P l eonospor i um spp. ( Rhodophyta ,

Ceramiaceae ) from Alaska . Sye s i s 15 : 57- 62 .

Ma rkham, J . W . 1969 . Studie s on t he hapte ra o f Lamina ria s inc l a i r i i [ s i c ! ]( Ha rvey ) Farlow , Ande r son e t Ea t on . Sye s i s 1 : 125- 131 .

Ma rkham, J .W . 1970 . Ve r tical di stribu tion of epiphyte s on t he stipe ofNe reocys tis l ue t keana (Mar t ens ) Pos t e l s and Rupre cht . Syes i s 2 : 22 7

240 .

Ma rkham, J .W . and J . L Cele stino . 1977. Inter tidal marine plant s o f ClatsopCounty , Oregon . Sye s i s 9 : 253- 266 .

Ma rkham, J .W D. L . McBr i de , and P . R . Newro t h . 1972 . New records o f Rhodophyt a in Oregon , British Columb ia , and Ala ska . Notes . Sye s i s 5 : 285

286 .

Mumford , T . E . , J r . 1973 . A new specie s of Porphyra from t he we st coa st o fNor th America . Sye s i s 6 : 239- 24 2 .

Mumford , T . E . , J r . 1976 . Ob servation s on t he distribu tion and seasonaloccur rence o f Porphyra sch i zophyl l a Hollenbe rg, Porphyra tor ta Kr i sh

namu r t hy , and Porphyra brumalia sp. nov . (Rhodophyta , Bangiales ) .

Sye s i s 8 : 32 1 - 332 .

Norri s , J . N. and I .A . Abbott . 1972 . Some new records of marine algae fromt he R/V Proteus cruise to British Columbia . Sye s i s 5 : 87- 94 .

Nor ris , R . E . and E . Conway . 1975 . Fucu s spirali s L . in t he northeastPaci fic . Sye s i s 7 : 79-81 .

Nor ri s , R . E . and G . J . Hollenberg. 1970 . Note s on ma rine algae o f Washingtonand southern Briti sh Columbia , IV . Sye s i s 2 : 1 15 - 1 19 .

Norris , R. E . and M. J . Wynne . 1969 . Notes on ma rine algae o f Wa shington and

sou t he rn British Columbia , 1 1 1 . Syes i s 1 : 133- 146 . [ See also Errata in

Syes i s 3 :

Palmi sano , J . F . and Y .-C . S . Sheng. 1977 . Blade width of Laminaria longipe s

(Pha phyceae , Laminaria l e s ) a s an indicator of wave e xposure . Sye s i s

10 : 53- 56 .

l 986 Ceska , B ibl i ograp hy 13

Rao , V .N. R . and J . Lewin . 1977 . Benthic marine diatom f l ora of Fal se Bay ,

San Juan I sland , Washington . Sye s i s 9 : 1 73- 2 13 .

Scage l , R . F . 1970 . Benthic algae of Bowie Seamount . Sye s i s 3 : 15- 16 .

Scage l , R . F . 1972 . The b rown a l ga Dictyota b i nghami ae J .Ag. from Briti shColumbia and nor thern Washington . Note s . Sye s i s 4 : 261 - 262 .

Scage l , R . F . 1973 . Marine benthic plant s i n t he vicinity of Bamfield ,

Bark l ey Sound , Br itish Co l umb ia . Sye s i s 6 : 12 7- 14 5 .

Scage l , R . F . and J . L . Cele stino . 1970 . Fir st record of t he b rown algaDi c t yoneurops i s reticulata ( Saunder s ) Smith from British Columbia .

Note s . Sye s i s 3 : 187 .

Sou th , G . R. 1969 . Intertidal marine a l gae from Gabriol a I sland , Briti shCo l umbia . Sye s i s 1 : 177- 186 .

South , G . R . 1982 . Wi t t rock i e l l a pa radoxa Wille (Chlorophyta ,

Cl adOphoraceae ) , new f or t he Paci fic Coa st o f Nor th America . Sye s i s 14

93- 95 .

Stein , J . R . 1976 . Fre shwa te r algae o f British Columb ia : t he lowe r Fra se rValley . Sye s i s 8 : 1 19- 184 .

Ste in , J . R . and C . A . Borden . 1980 . Checklist of fre shwa t er algae of Brit i shColumb ia . Sye s i s 1 2 : 3- 39 .

Stein , J . R . and J . F . Ger ra t h . 1969 . Fre shwate r algae of Briti sh Columb i ade smids of bog lake s in Coast Mountain a rea . Sye s i s 1 : 187- 197 .

Stein , J . R . and J . F . Ge t t eth . 1970 . Fre shwater algae of Brit i sh ColumbiaThe Queen Charlot te I s l ands . Sye s i s 2 : 2 13- 2 26 .

Thom, R .M J .W . Armstrong , C . P . Staude , X. X. Chew , and R . E . Nor ri s . 1977 .

A survey of t he a ttached mar ine flor a a t five beache s in t he Seattle ,

Wa shington , a rea . Sye s i s 9 : 2 67- 2 75 .

Waa l and , J . R . 1973 . New records of red algae from Wa shington and Br i t i shCo l umbia . Note s . Sye s i s 6 : 269 .

Widdowson , T . B . l 972a . A sta ti stical ana lysi s of variation in t he b rowna l ga Al aria . Sye s i s 4 : 1 25- 14 3 .

Widdowson , T . B . 1972b . A taxonomic revi sion o f t he genu s Ala ria Grev ille .

Sye s i s 4 : 1 1 - 49 .

Widdowson , T . E . 1973 . The marine a l gae of Bri t i sh Columb ia and northe rnWa shington : revi sed li st and keys . Pa rt I . Pha phyceae ( b rown algae ) .

Sye s i s 6 : 81 - 96 .

W iddowson , T . E . 1975 . The ma r i ne a l gae of British Columb ia and nor the rnWa shington : revi sed li s t and keys . Pa r t I I . Rhodophyce ae ( red algae ) .

Sye s i s 7 : 14 3- 186 .

Widdowson , T . B . and L .M. Coon . 1975 . New records of ma ritime a l gae i n

British Columbia . Sye s i s 7 : 139- 14 1 .

Wollaston , E . M . l 972a . An t i t hamn i on and related gene ra occur r ing i n t he

Paci fic coas t of Nor th Amer ica . Sye s i s 4 : 73- 92 .

Wollaston , E . M . l 97zb . The genu s P l a t yt hamn i on J . Ag. (Ce ramiaceae , Rhodophyte ) on t he Paci fic coa st of North Ame r ica be tween Vancouve r , Briti shColumbia , and southe rn Cali fornia . Sye s i s 5 : 43- 53 .

Wynne , M. J . 1970 . Marine a l gae of Amchitka I sland (Aleu tian I slands ) . 1 .

De l e sse riaceae . Sye s i s 3 : 95- 144 .

Wynne , M. J S . C . Lindstrom, and N . I . Calvin . 1983 . Occur rence of Om

pha l ophyl l um u l vaceum Rosenv . (Pha phyt a , Pogo t r i chaceae ) i n t he Nor thPaci fic . Note s . Sye s i s 15 : 65 - 66 .

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Wynne , M. J D. L . McBr i de , and J . A . We st . 1973 . Po lypeu rops i s s toloni fe ragen . e t sp . nov . (De l e s s ser i aceae , Rhodophy t a ) from t he Paci fic Coa stof Nor th Ame r i ca . Sye s i s 6 : 24 3- 253 .

MYCOLOGY

Ane s t e siou , C . J . and L .M. Chu rchland . 1969 . An Olpi d i ops i s para si t ic on a

ma rine fungu s . Sye s i s 1 : 81 - 85 .

Bandoni , R . J . 1973 . Episto l a e myco l ogi cae I I . Specie s P l a t ygl oea fromBritish Co l umbia . Sye s i s 6 : 2 29- 2 32 .

Bandoni , R . J J . R . Ma ze , and J . P . Delange . 1980 . Epi stolae mycol ogi cae IX.

En t or rh i za ca spa ryana from British Columb ia . Sye s i s 12 : 105- 106 .

Boo t h , T . 1970 . Ma rine fungi from Br i t i sh Columb ia : monocentric chytridsand chy t ridiaceou s specie s from coa sta l and interior halomorphic soils .

Sye s i s 2 : 14 1 - 161 .

Booth , T . 1972 . Occurrence and di str ibu tion o f zoosporic fungi and someActinomyce tale s in coa stal soils o f sou thwe stern British Columbia and

t he San Juan I s l ands . Sye s i s 4 : 197- 2 08 .

Borden , J . H . and M . McCl aren . 1970 . Bio l ogy of Crypt oporu s v o l va t u s ( Peck )Shear (Agaricale s , Polyporaceae ) i n sou thwe ste rn British Columb iad i st ribu t ion , host spe cie s , and re l ation ship wi t h subcortical in sect s .

Sye s i s 3 : 145- 154 .

Borden , J . R . and M . Mcclaren . 1972 . Crypt oporu s vo l va t u s ( Peck ) Shea r

(Aga ricale s , Polyporaceae ) i n sou thwe ste rn Br i ti sh Co l umbia : li fehistory , development , and a rthropod in fe station . Sye s i s 5 : 67- 72 .

Brough , S . and R . Bandoni . 1976 . Epi s to l ae myco l ogi cae VI . Occur rence ofDacryonaema in British Columbia . Sye s i s 8 : 30 1 - 303 .

Goos , R . D. and R . J . Bandoni . 1977 . Epi stolae myco l ogi cae VII . Phia l ospore

Columbia . Sye s i s 10 : 1 2 1 - 1 23 .

HHme t -Ahti , L . 1972 . Note s on Ustilago vu i jck i i Oudem. and Bei ja r . on someLu zu la specie s i n Nor th Ame rica . Sye s i s 5 : 83- 85 .

Har l ing, J . and M . Mcclaren . 1970 . The occurrence o f Endogone macrocarpa in

stoma chs of Peromyscu s manicu la tu s . Sye s i s 3 : 155- 159 .

Hibbit s , J . 1979 . Ma r ine Eccr ina l e s ( Trichomyce te s ) found i n cru stacean s oft he San Juan Arch ipelago , Wa shington . Sye s i s 1 1 : 2 13- 261 .

Hughe s , C . C . 1970 . Mar ine fungi from Briti sh Columb ia : occu r rence and

di stribution o f lignico l ou s specie s . Sye s i s 2 : 12 1- 140 .

Hughe s , C . C . 1973 . Epi stolae myco l ogi cae I I I . Ri e s s i a semi Ophora Fre seniu s .

Sye s i s 6 : 2 33- 2 38 .

Hughe s , C . C . 1979 . Epi sto l ae myco l ogi cae VI I I . Indexe s to Ma t su sh ima 's

Micro fungi of t he Solomon I s l ands 232 Papua -

Ngg Guinea ( 1971 ) and

I cone s mi cro f ungorum p Ma t su shima l ec t orum Sye s i s 1 1 : 135- 169 .

Kowalski , D. T . and A . A . Hinchee . 1972 . Ba rbeye l l a minuti s sima : a commonalpine myxomycete . Sye s i s 5 : 95- 97 .

Le ste r , R. J . G . 1975 . Pa ra site s o f Ga ste rosteu s aculea tu s nea r Vancouver ,

Br it i sh Co l umb ia . Sye s i s 7 : 195- 200 . [ Saprolegnia para sitica and

Sapro l egpi a sp. ]M i shou , K . E . and E . F . Ha skins . 1972 . A su rvey of t he Acra sieae in t he soils

o f Wa shington State . Sye s i s 4 : 179- 184 .

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16 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

Ha rrison , P . G . 1977 . Zoste ra japonica (Ascher s . Graebn . ) in Bri tishCo l umbia , Canada . Note s . Sye s i s 9 : 359- 360 .

Jamie son , D.W . 1980 . 222 kelloggii Va sey , new f or Briti sh Co l umbia . Note s .

Sye s i s 12 : 177 .

Janszen , H . 1977 . Va scular plant s o f Saturna I sland , British Columbia .

Sye s i s 10 : 85- 96 .

Jans zen , H . 1982 . Vascular pl ant s of Mayne I sland , British Columb ia . Sye s i s

14 : 81 - 92 .

Rra j ina , V . J . 1969 . Sarraceniaceae , a new family f or British Columb ia .

Sye s i s 1 : 1 2 1 - 124 .

Krau se , D. L . and K . I . Beamish . 1973 . Note s on Saxi fraga occidental i s and

c l osely re l a ted specie s in British Columbia . Sye s i s 6 : 105- 1 13 .

Lewicki , A . and P . Donahue . 1973 . A cata l ogue of plant specie s from centra lBriti sh Columbia . Sye s i s 6 : 183- 192 .

Ma ze , J . 1972 . Note s on t he awn anatomy of Stipa and Oryzopsis (Gramineae ) .

Sye s i s 5 : 169- 171 .

Ma ze , J . 1982 . A preliminary study on t he root o f Oryzopsis hendersonii(Gramineae ) . Sye s i s 14 : 15 1 - 153 .

McNe i l l , J . 1973 . Lewisia triphyl l a ( 8 . Wat son ) Rob inson and Spragueaumbe l l ata Tor rey , new specie s f or Canada . Sye s i s 6 : 179- 181 .

Olsen , S . 1981 . Type l ocality f or Boschniakia hooke ri Wa l per s . Sye s i s 13 :

5- 8 .

Phil l ips , R. C . and R . F . Shaw . 1977. Zoste ra nol t i i Bornem. in Wa shington ,

U . S . A . Sye s i s 9 : 355- 358 .

Po ja r , J . l 976a . Hummingbird flower s o f British Columbia . Syes i s 8 : 25- 28 .

Po jar , J . 1976b . Inte re sting angiospe rms from Cathedral Lake s Park and t he

lower Skeena River . Note s . Sye s i s 8 : 391 .

Po j ar , J K . I . Beami sh , V . J . Kra j ina , and L . X. Wade . 1977. New records and

range e xtensions o f va scu l ar plant s in nor the rn British Columbia .

Sye s i s 9 : 45- 57 .

Randhawa , A . S . and R . I . Beami sh . 1969 . Se xua l reproduction in Saxi fragaferruginea Graham. Sye s i s 1 : 14 7- 156 .

Revel , R .D. and R. I . Beamish . 1972 . Lipa ris loe selii (L . ) L . C . Rich . , a new

specie s f or Briti sh Columbia . Note s . Sye s i s 5 : 287 .

Reve l , R .D. and J . R . Ma ze . 1972 . The central por tion of t he Hope Landslidea botanical censu s . Sye s i s 5 : 131 - 135 .

Reynolds , J . D. and S . C . P . Reynolds . 1976 . Aquatic angiosperms o f someBritish Columbia saline lake s . Sye s i s 8 : 291- 295 .

Sparks , L . H. , R . de l Moral , A . F . Wat son , and A . R . Kruckeberg. 1977. Th e

distribution o f va scula r plan t specie s on Sergi e f I sland , southeastAla ska . Sye s i s 10 : 1 - 9 .

Taylor , R . L . 1980 . Taxonomic recognition and occurrence of Pe tasitesjaponicu s (Aste raceae ) in t he Paci fic Northwe st . Sye s i s 1 2 : 57-61 .

Taylor , R. L . and S . Taylor . 1977. Chromosome numbe r s o f vascula r plant s ofBri t i sh Columbia . Sye s i s 10 : 125- 138 . [ See Correction in Syes i s 1 1 :

Taylor , T .M. C . and A . F . Szczawinsk i . 1975 . Trillium ovatum Pur sh f orms

h i bbe raon i i Taylor e t Szczawinsk i f . nov . Note s . Sye s i s 7 : 250 .

Tucker , J .M. and J . R . Ma ze . 1973 . The Revelstoke oaks . Syes i s 6 : 4 1-46 .

l 986 Ceska , B i bl i ograp hy 17

PLANT ECOLOGY , VEGETATION , CONSERVATION

Bayer , R.D. 1980 . Inter tida l zona tion of Zostera ma rina in t he YaquinaEstuary , Oregon . Sye s i s 12 : 147- 154 .

Bei l , C . E . 1975 . Fore st a ssociations of t he southern Car i boo Zone , Briti shColumbia . Sye s i s 7 : 20 1- 233 .

Brayshaw , T . C . 1970 . The dry fore st s of sou thern Br iti sh Columbia . Sye s i s

3 : 17- 43 .

Daubenmire , R . 1976 . An ecologica l l i fe -history o f Lewisia rediviva( Portulacaceae ) . Sye s i s 8 : 9- 23 .

de l Mora l , R . 1975 . Specie s pa tte rn s in t he Upper Nor th Fork Teanaway Riverdrainage , Wenatchee Moun t ains , Wa shington . Sye s i s 7 : 13- 30 .

de l Moral , R A . F . Wa tson , and R . S . Flaming. 1977 . Vegetation structure in

t he Alpine Lake s region of Washington State : cla ssi fication of vegetation on granitic rocks . Sye s i s 9 : 291- 316 .

Fulle r , W .A. 1973 . The Conservation of Terre strial Communitie s Programme in

Canada . Sye s i s 6 : 1 1 - 16 .

Given , D . R . and J . R . Soper . 1976 . Pioneer vegeta tion on moraine s near

C l achnacuda i nn Snowfield , Briti sh Columbia . Sye s i s 8 : 349- 354 .

HHme t -Ahti , L . 1979 . Timberline me adows i n Wel l s Gray Park , Br iti sh Columb i a , and their compara tive geobotanical interpretation . Sye s i s 1 1 : 187

2 1 1 .

Hebda , R. J . and W .G . Biggs . 1982 . The vegetation of Burn s Bog, Fra serDe lta , southwe stern British Columb i a . Sye s i s 14 : 1 - 20 .

Boe fa , M I . McT . Cowan , and V . J . Kra j ina . 1976 . Phytosociologicalanalysi s and synthe sis of Sheep Mountain , southwe st Yukon Te rr itory ,

Canada . Syes i s 8 12 5 - 228 .

Kellman , M. C . 1970 . Plant specie s interrelationships i n a seconda ry succe s

sion i n coa stal British Columbia . Sye s i s 2 : 20 1 - 2 1 2 .

Ko j ima , S . and V . J . Kra j ina . 1976 . Vegetation and environment of t he coa st a l we stern heml ock zone in Strathcona Provincia l Park , Briti sh Columb i a , Canada . Sye s i s 8 1- 123 .

Kra j ina , V . J . 1973 . The conse rvation of natural ecosystems i n Bri ti shColumbia . Sye s i s 6 : 1 7- 31 .

Kruckeberg, A . R . 1970 . P l ant li fe on serpentinite and other fer romagne sianrocks i n nor thwe s tern Nor th America . Sye s i s 2 : 15- 1 14 .

Manuwal , N . J . 1980 . Vege tation o f t he Barren I slands , Alaska . Sye s i s 1 2

131 - 146 .

North , M . E .A . and J .M. Trever sham. 1985 . The vegeta tion o f t he floodplainsof t he lowe r Fra se r , Serpentine and Ni comek l Rive r s , 1859 to 1890 .

Sye s i s 17 : 4 7- 66 , 1 map.

Robin son , B M. C . Felle r , and K . Klinke . 1983 . Four common mos ses a s

indica tor s o f fore st floor acidity i n t he Coa stal We stern Hemlock Zoneo f sou thwe stern British Columb ia . Sye s i s 15 : 17- 23 .

Selby , G . J . and M . D . Pit t . 1985 . Cla ssi fica tion and distribution of alpineand subalpine vegetation in t he Chilcotin Mountains o f southern BritishColumb ia . Sye s i s 17 : 13- 4 1 .

18 P ii Y L 0 (5 I A Vol . (Tl , No . l

PALEOBOTANY , PALYNOLOGY , TREE R ING CHRONOLOGY

Donahue , P . F . and T . Ha bgood . 1975 . Analysi s of t he pol l en and spore raina t two archaeologica l site s on t he Nechako Plateau , Briti sh Columb ia .

Sye si s 7 : 93- 99 .

Hebda , R . J . and G . E . Rou se . 1980 . Pa lynology of two Holocene core s from t he

He squ i a t Penin sula , Vancouver I s l and , Briti sh Co l umb ia . Syes i s 1 2 : 12 1

129 .

Ma thewe s , R . W . 1981 . Pollen evidence f or t he pre sence of Tall Jacob 's

ladder ( Polemonium caeruleum L . ) on t he Queen Charlotte I slands du r inglate -

glacial time . Sye s i s 13 : 105- 108 .

Ma thewe s , R .W . and R . C . Brooke . 1972 . Fossil Taxodiaceae and new angiospermmacrofos sils from Quilchena , Briti sh Columbia . Sye s i s 4 : 209- 2 16 .

Parker , M. L . 1977 . Improving tree -ring dating i n nor the rn Canada by X- ray

densitometry . Sye s i s 9 : 163- 172 .

ETHNOBOTANY , USE OF PLANTS

Brough , S . C . 1985 . Dye characteri s tics of Briti sh Columb ia fore st lichens .

Sye s i s 17 : 81- 94 .

Ha rris , B . and L . Hruban t . 1972 . Plant and anima l name s of Indian origin in

Briti sh Columbia . Sye s i s 4 : 2 2 3- 2 25 .

Meilleu r , B .A . 1980 . Speculations on t he di f fu sion of Nicotiana guadr i va l

v i s Pur sh to t he Queen Charlotte I slands and ad j acent Ala skan mainland .

Sye s i s 12 : 10 1 - 104 .

Palmer , G . 1976 . Shu swap Indian ethnobotany . Sye si s 8 : 29- 81 .

Turne r , N. J . 1973 . The e thnobotany of t he Bel l a Coola Indians of BritishCo l umb ia . Sye s i s 6 : 193- 220 .

Turne r , N. J . 1974 . Plant taxonomic systems and e thnobotany of three contempora ry Indian groups of t he Paci fic Nor thwe st (Haida , Be l la Cools , and

Lillooe t ) . Sye s i s 7 1- 104 .

Tu rner , N. J . and R . L . Taylor . 1972 . A review of t he Nor thwe st Coa st tobaccomystery . Sye s i s 5 : 249- 257 .

W illiams , M . D . 1980 . The ha rve sting of s l ucku s ( Porphyra pe r f ora t e ) by

t he St rait s Sali sh Indians o f Vancouve r I sland , British Columbia .

Sye s i s 12 : 63- 69 .

B I BL IOGRAPHY , OB ITUAR I ES , COLLECT IONS

Brayshaw , T . C . 1984 . Thoma s Mayne Cunninghame Taylor ( 1904 Sye s i s

16 : 1 - 3 .

Ma cBryde , B . 1975 . Bibliographical h i s tory of t he botanical handbook s o ft he British Columbia Provincial Mu seum. Note s . Sye s i s 7 : 255- 258.

Newnham, S . 1980 . Ching- Chang Chuang ( 1931 Sye s i s 12 : 1 - 2 .

Peden , A . E . and C . Green . 1982 . Prima ry type specimens o f animals and

plant s in t he Briti sh Columbia Provincial Mu seum. Syes i s 14 : 155- 162 .

Szczawi nsk i , A . R. 1970 . J .W . Ea stham ( 1879 Sye s i s 2 : 265 .

1986 Ceska , B i b l i ograp hy 19

NEW TAXA AND NEW COMB INATIONS PUBL ISHED IN SYESIS

Al acr ine l l a san juanens i s Hibbits , Sye s i s 1 1 : 252 . 1979 . [ sp. nov . ]Al aria paradisea (Miyabe e t Nagai ) Widdowson , Syes i s 4 : 38 . 1972 .

comb . nov .

An t i t hamn i one l l a gl anduli fera (Ky l in ) Wo l laston , Sye s i s 4 : 86 . 1972 .

[ comb . nov . ]An t i t hamni one l l a paci fica (Harvey ) Wol l aston , Syes i s 4 : 87 . 1972 .

[ comb . nov . ]An t i t hamn i one l l a paci fica va r . uncina ta (Gardner ) Wol l aston , Sye s i s 4 : 88 .

1972 . [ comb . nov . ]Arundinu l a hapol ogas t er Hibbits , Syes i s 1 1 : 234 . 1979 . lap. nov . ]Arundinu l a wash ingt oni ens i s Hibb it s , Sye s i s 1 1 : 228 . 1979 . lap. nov . ]As t erocol ax hypOphyIIOph i l a Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 1970 . lap. nov . ]As t rept onema paci ficum Hibb it s , Sye s i s 1 1 : 248 . 1979 . [ sp. nov . ]Audou ine l l a amphi roae ( Drew ) Ga rbary in Hansen , Carbary , Oliveira 8 Seegel ,

Sye s i s 14 : 1 17 . 1982 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a arcuata (Drew ) Carba ry , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s 12 .

1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a cocci nea ( Drew ) Carbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s 15 (Suppl . 1 )

16 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou i ne l l a de smare s t i ae (Kylin ) Carbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s

24 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a eryt hrophyl l a ( Jao ) Carbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s

2 7 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a hir su ta (Drew ) Ca rbary Han sen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s 29 .

1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a ma coun i i (Collins ) Carbary Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s 15 ( Supp1 . 1 )

30 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a plumosa var . va riab i l e ( Drew ) Carba ry , Han sen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s

4 2 . 1983 . [ sta t . 8 comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a proskaue r i (We st ) Garbary i n Carbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s

4 5 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou i ne l l a simple x (Drew ) Carba ry , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s 5 1 .

1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a vaga (Drew ) Ga rbary , Ha nsen 8 Seegel , Sye s i s 61 .

1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Audou ine l l a vaga va r . implicata (Drew ) Ca rbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Sye s i s

63 . 1983 . [ comb . nov . ]Blyt t i omyces au reu s Booth , Sye s i s 2 : 142 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Ch l a inomona s rubra ( Stein e t Brooke ) Hoham, Sye s i s 7 : 245 . 1975 .

[ comb . nov . ]Cl a t hromorphum nereos t ra t um Labednik , Syes i s 9 : 1977 . lap. nov . ]Empse l i um Hansen e t Seegel in Carbary , Hansen 8 Scage l , Syes i s 13 : 150 .

1981 . [ gen . nov . ]Empse l i um rubrum Hansen 8 Scage l in Garbary, Hansen 8 Scage l , Syes i s 13 :

15 1 . 1981 . [ sp. nov . ]En t e ropogon Hibbit s , Sye si s 1 1 : 222 . 1979 . [gen . nov . ]

20 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . I

En t eropogon _se xua le Hibbit s , Sye s i s 1 1 : 2 2 2 , 223 . 1979 . [ sp. nov .

E rythrodermia paci fica Hollenberg, Syes i s 2 : 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Hi l deb randi a san juanens i s Hollenberg, Sye s i s 2 : 165 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Ho l l enbergi a Wo l la ston , Sye s i s 4 : 81 . 1972 . [ gen . nov . ]Ho l l enbergi a nigricans (Gardne r ) Wo l la ston , Sye s i s 4 : 83 . 1972 . [ comb . nov .

Ho l l enbergi a sub [ u ] lata ( Ha rv . Wol l a ston , Sye s i s 4 . 81 . 1972 . [ comb . nov . ]Ho lmsk i o l di a gu i l chenens i s Ma thewe s e t Brooke , Syes i s 4 : 2 15 . 1972 .

sp. nov . ]Hypophyl lum denta tum Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 129 . 1970 . [ sp . nov . ]I ridea cordata var . splendens (Se tchell 8 Gardner ) Abbott , Sye s i s 4 : 55 .

1972 . [ comb . nov . ]La ingi a a l eu t i ca Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 103 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Le t os bae ria au s t ra l i ens i s (Cribb 8 Cr ibb ) Hughe s , Sye s i s 2 : 132 . 1970 .

Icomb . nov . ]Ni enburgi a pro l i fe ra Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 1 15 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Ni t Ophyl l um nor t h i i Norris 8 Wynne , Syes i s 1 : 14 1 . 1969 . [ sp. nov . as N .

no t t i i or thographic change in Syes i s 3 : 190 .

Ol pi di ops i s globosa Ana s t a s i ou e t Chu rchland , Sye s i s 1 : 81 . 1969 . [ sp. nov . ]Palma r i a palma ta f . mollis ( S . e t G . ) Guiry , Sye s i s 8 : 258 . 1976 .

[ comb . nov . ]Phycodrys amch i t kens i s Wynne , Syes i s 3 : 1 13 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Phycodpys i sabe l l ae Norris e t Wynne , Sye s i s 1 : 144 . 1969 . [ sp. nov . ]P l a t yt hamn i on fl

recu rva tum Wo l la ston , Syes i s [ sp. nov . ]P l eonospor i um pedi ce l l a t um Lindstrom, Wynne 8 Calvin , Syes i s 15 :

1983 . [ sp. nov .

Po lype urops i s Wynne , McBr i de 8 We st , Sye s i s 6 : 247 . 1973 . [gen . nov . ]Po lypeu rops i s stoloni fe ra Wynne , McBr i de 8 West , Sye s i s 6 : 248 . 1973 .

lap. nov . ]Porphyra b ruma lia Mumford , Sye s i s 8 : 328 . 1976 . [ sp. nov . ]Porphyra kana kaens i s Mumford , Sye si s 6 : 239 . 1973 . [ sp . nov . ]Porphyra ma culosa Conway , Sye s i s 8 : 3 17. 1976 . [ sp. nov . ]P t eros iphon i a ga rdne ri Hollenbe rg, Sye s i s 2 : 168 . 1970 . lap. nov . ]Raphi donema corcon t i cum (Hind . ) Hoham, Sye s i s 6 : 262 . 1973 . [ comb . nov . ]Raph i donema cryOphyl um Hoham, Syes i s 6 : 262 . 1973 . [nom. nov . ]Raphi donema pl anc t on i cum (Hind . ) Hoham, Sye s i s 6 : 262 . 1973 . [ comb . nov . ]Raphi donema se s sile ( Dea s . ) Hoham, Sye s i s 6 : 262 . 1973 . [ comb . nov . ]Raph i donema s t agpa l e (Hind . ) Hoham, Sye s i s 6 : 2 62 . 1973 . [ comb . nov . ]Rhodogl ossum cali fornicum Abbott , Sye s i s 4 : 70 . 1972 . [ comb . nov . ]Rhodogl ossum minimum Hollenberg, Sye s i s 2 : 166 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Salix ca scadens i s Cockerell var . t hompson i i Brayshaw , Syes i s 6 : 47. 1973 .

[ va r . nov . ]Salix se s sili folia Nutt . va r . vancouve rens i s Brayshaw , Sye s i s 6 : 146 . 1973 .

[ var . nov . ]Scage l i a Wolla ston , Sye s i s 4 : 88 . 1972 . [gen . nov . ]Scage l i a occidentali s (Kylin ) Wollaston , Sye s i s 4 : 89 . 1972 . [ comb . nov . ]Scage l onema Nor ri s e t Wynne , Sye s i s 1 : 139 . 1969 . [ gen . nov .

Scage l onema pa rasiticum Norri s e t Wynne , Sye s i s 1 : 139 . 1969 . [ sp. nov . ]Sphacela ria nor r i s i i Hollenbe rg, Sye s i s 2 : 163 . 1970 . [ sp. nov . ]Szczawi nsk i a Funk , Sye s i s 16 : 85 . 1984 . [ gen . nov .

l 986 Ceska , B i b l i ograp hy 21

Szczawinsk i a t sugae Funk , Sye s i s 16 : 85 . 1984 . [ sp. nov . ]Taeni e l l a grandis Hibbits , Syes i s 1 1 : 242 . 1979 . [ sp. nov . ]Tok i dadendron Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 107 . 1970 . [ gen . nov . ]Tok i dadendron ambigua (Gardne r ) Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 1 12 . 1970 . [ comb . nov . ]Tok i dadendron bullata (Gardne r ) Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 108 . 1970 . [ comb . nov . ]Tokidaea chi l ka t en s i s Lindst rom 8 Wynne , Syes i s 14 : 1982 . [ sp . nov . ]Tok i daea se rrata (Wynne ) Lindst rom 8 Wynne , Syes i s 14 : 4 2 . 1982 .

[ comb . nov . ]Tri l lium ovatum Pur sh f . hi bber soni i T .M. C . Taylor e t Szczawinsk i , Sye s i s 7 :

250 . 1975 . If . nov . ]U l va scage l i i Chihara , Sye s i s l : 92 . 1969 . [ sp. nov . ]Z inovaea Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 136 . 1970 . [gen . nov . ]Z inovaea acanthocarpa Wynne , Sye s i s 3 : 136 . 1970 . [ sp . nov . ]

APPEND IX

PUBL ICATION DATES OF SYESIS AND ITS SUPPLEMENTS

Septembe r 2 , 1969 15 ( 1982 ) May 1 , 1983

May 1 , 1970 16 ( 1983 ) May 1 , 1984

Octobe r 1 , 1970 17 ( 1984 ) 1985

Feb rua ry 1972

Octobe r 1972

Novembe r 1973

Janua ry 1975

April 1976 3 ( 1970 ) Suppl . 1 December 1970

May 1977 a ( 1971 ) Suppl . 1 April 1972

Novembe r 1977 7 ( 1974 ) Suppl . 1 Augu st 1974

May 1 , 1979 7 ( 1974 ) Suppl . 2 Augu st 1 , 1974

Apr il 1 , 1980 8 ( 1975 ) Suppl . 1 May 1976

September 1 , 1981 12 ( 1979 ) Suppl . 1 June 1980

April 1 , 1982 15 ( 1982 ) Suppl . 1 May 1983

NOT ES ON TH E G ENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENAC EAE ) . X X I V

Harol d N. Mol denke

C LERODENDRUM Burm.

Addi t i ona l 8 emended b i b l i ograp hy : J . G . A. For st er , Fl . Ins .

Aust ral . Prod . 45 . 1786 ; Hook . , Cur t i s Bot . Mag. 116 [ ser . 3 , 46 ]pl . 7141 . 1890 ; Kol b , Neub . Deut sch . Gart enmag. 43 : 129 . 1890 ;Engl . , Bot . Jahrb . 13 : Ober s . 93 . 1891 ; Rehd . , Journ . Arnol d Arb .

15 : 324 - 325 . 1 934 ; B l at t er , Ca i us , 8 Mhaskar in Kirki kar 8 Basu ,

I ndian Med . Pl ed . 2 , imp. l , 3 : 1912 8 I94S - 1 952 , p l . 743 - 747 .

1935 ; Rehd . , Journ. Arnol d Arb . 17 : 64 (1936) and 18 : 286 . 1937 ;

Sobt i 8 Si ngh , Prod . I ndi an Acad . Sci . 141 - 144 . 1961 ; Manzoor

i - Khuda , Tet rahedron 21 : 797 1965 ; Kundu 8 De , Bul l . Bot . Sur v .

I ndi a 10 : [ 397 ] - 4OO 8 402 405 , f ig. 5 , 11 , 18 , 19 , 8 33 - 36 . 1968 ;Ja i n 8 Taraf dar , Econ . Bot . 24 : 249 . 1970 ; B l at t er , Ca i us , 8 Mhaskar

in Kirt i kar 8 Basu , I nd i an Med . P1 ed . 2 , imp. 2 , 3 : 1912 8 1945

1952 , pl . 743 - 747 . 1975 ; Oakes 8 But cher , U. S . Dept . Agr . Mi sc .

Bul l . 882 : 90 . 1962 ; M i t chel l 8 Rook , Bot . Dermat . 714 . 1979 ; Mol dPhyt ol ogia 60 : 462 - 467 , 483 - 496 , 504 - 506 , 508 , 510 , 8 511 . 1986 .

Ba l four (1885 ) says of t h i s genus : One spec i es in t he Tera if orms a l arge sh rub beneat h every t ree , general l y i nt ermi xed w i t hf erns , as pol ypodi um, pt er i s , and goni opt er i s , and i t s sweet odouri s borne f ar t h rough t he air . Cf enodendnon l eaves , bru i sed , are

used t o k i l l vermi n, f ly- b l ows , et c . , in cat t l e , and t he t w i gs formt oot hp i ck s . It s f l ower s are present ed t o Si va (Mahadeo) , mi l k ,honey , f l ower s , f rui t (ambros i a ) , et c . be i ng of f ered t o t he pac i f i cgods , as V i shnu , Kr i shna , et c . ; wh i l e Mudar (Cazot nopia ascf epiaa ) .B hang, Cannabis Aat f va , Da tuna ,

f l esh , bl ood , and spi r i t uous l i qu i dsare of f ered t o Si va , Durga , Kal i , and ot her dest roy i ng de i t i es . The

Burmese cul t i vat e a f ragrant doubl e cl erodendron . One spec i es , sup

posed by Dr . St ewar t t o be C. Lnfiont unaxum, L . , cal l ed Kal i basut ion t he Beas , occur s in t he Si wal i k t ract , and occas i onal l y in t he

p l a i ns , and TS probab l y t he one t hat Edgewor t h ment i ons as be i ngused in t he Ambal a t ract t o gi ve f i re by f r i ct i on . Ob v i ousl y , t he

doubl e- f l owered speci es ref er red t o here i s C. phf fiippi num f . mat t i

pf ex (Sweet ) Mol d . and t he one supposed t o be C. i nflot t unat um i s

probabl y C. uLAcoAum Vent .

The Ja i n 8 Taraf der (1970 ) ref erence hi s been mi s- ci t ed in a

prev i ous i nst al lment of t hese not es as occur r i ng on page 294 in

st ead oi page 249 .

C LERODENDRUM ACULEATUM (L . ) Sch l ech t .

Addi t i onal b i bl i ography : Oakes 8 But cher , U. S . Dep t . Agr . Mi sc .

Bul l . 882 : 90 . 1962 ; Mi t chel l 8 Rook , Bot . Dermat . 714 . 1979 ; Mol dPhyt ol ogia 60 : 359 - 360 . 1986 .

Oakes 8 But cher (1962 ) and M i t chel l 8 Rook (1979) repor t t hat t he

spi nes of t h i s pl ant of t en produce a dermat i t i s due t o mechani cali nj ury .

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24 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

7a . Fl ower s in erect pani cl es .

8 . Pani cl es t r i chot omous ; l eaves 6 i nches or more l ong. .

C. {di chot omum.

88 . Pani cl es d i chot omous ; l eaves 2 i nches l ong or l ess .

C. pht omi dt b .

Prain (1963 ) d i st i ngu i shes t he Bengal t axa as recogni zed by him as

f ol l ows1 . Corol l a i r regul ar l y sal ver f orm, TH i nches l ong or l ess .

2 . Pani cl es ax i l l ary or i f [ occas i onal l y in C. pht omi dixj t ermina lt hen t he panicl e l ax and l eaf y bel ow .

3 . Cal y x mi nut el y t oot hed ; l eaf - bl ades margi nal l y ent i re .

4 . Leaf - b l ades obovat e or el l i pt i c , subob t use , op pos i t e or

rarel y t ernat e ; f ru i t i ng- cal y x cl osel y ap pressed t o t he

base of t he C. Lnenme.

4a . Leaf - bl ades el l i pt i c- acut e or l i near - ob l ong, genera l l yt ernat e ; f ru i t i ng-cal y x "C. neni i fiof ium

3a . Cal y x l obed t o t he mi ddl e ; l eaf - b l ades margi nal l y s i nuat e or

pht omi dis .

28 . Pani cl es t ermi nal .

5 . Cal yx sub t runcat e or shor t - l obed ; bract s - 1% i nches l ong.

6 . Leaves subsess i l e ; cal y x very shor t l y 5- 1Obed ; pani cl edense ; l eaf -margi ns al ways C. senaat um.

68 . Leaves very shor t l y pet i ol at e ; cal y x subt runcat e ; pani cl eOpen ; u p permost l eaf ~ bl ades somet imes ent i re .

C. benaaium var . wal l l cht t .

58 . Cal y x deep l y 5 l obed , bract s smal l er .

7 . Pani cl e pendul ous ; corol l a pure- wh i t e ; f ru i t purpl e ; l eafb l ades nar row l y obovat e or l anceol at e C. waLLLchLL .

7a . Pani cl e erect ; corol l a t i nged w i t h p i nk or rose ; f r ui tb l ack ; l eaf - b l ades broadl y ovat e or subrot und .

8 . Cal y x l arge , t he segment s broadl y l anceol at e , suberect , 8

acut e ; pani cl e Open ,C. viacoaum.

88 . Cal y x smal l , t he segment s subul at e ; pani cl e compact ,

corymbose . phl l ippi num.

l a . Corol l a narrow l y f unnel f orm, 3 i nches l ong or l onger .C. t ndt cum.

Neal (1965 ) di st i ngu i shes t he Hawa i i an spec i es as fol l ows1 . Corol l as ugandenae.

l a . Corol l as w h i t e and/or red , yel l ow i sh , or p i nk i sh .

2 . V i nes or v i ne- l i ke p l ant s .

3 . True v i nes , not sp i nose ; corol l a red .

4 . Cal yx w h i t e ; f l ower s in open cl ust er s . . t homaonae.

4a . Cal y x red t o purpl e ; f l ower s in dense

C. umbel l ai um.

3a . V i ne- l i ke sp i ny sh rubs w i t h l ong arch i ng b ranches ; corol l aWhi t e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e o e e e e e e O O O O O Q O O O O O C. d el l/em .

28 . E rect sh rubs .

5 . Corol l a scar l et , not f ragrant .

6 . Leaf - b l ades margi nal l y ent i re or dent at e ,

C. Apea oau sx'

mum.

6a . Leaf - b l ades 3 - 5- 1obed , . C. pani cul aium.

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Ct enodendnum 25

58 . Corol l a yel l ow , wh i t e , or p i nk i sh , most l y f ragrant .

7 . Corol l a l i gh t -yel l ow t o wh i t e C. mi nahassac.

78 . Corol l a w h i t e or p i nk i sh .

8 . Corol l a- t u be 3 t o 4 i nches l ong C. Lndi cum.

88 . Corol l a- t ube much shor t er .

9 . Downy- l eaved sh rubs 2 -8 f t . t al l ; l eaves t o 12 i nchesl ong.

10 . Leaf - b l ades downy on bot h sur f aces .

11 . Corol l a doubl ed , 1 i nch w i de , w h i t e or p i nk - t i ppedC. phi t ippf num f . mul t ipl ex .

l l a . Corol l a s i ngl e , 8 i nch w i de , w h i t e and l i l ac . .

C. macnost egi um.

108 . Leaf - b l ades onl y downy (and red) beneat h .

98 . Smoot h - l eaved sh rub or smal l t ree ; l eavesC gt abnum.

Sr i vast ava (1976 ) di st i ngui shes t he Gorak speci es as f ol l ows1 . A cl imb i ng sh rub C. spl endens .

l a . E rect sh rubs or smal l t rees .

2 . Leayes l ess t han cm. l ong; cal y x not or onl y sl i gh t l y en

l arged in f ru i t C. pht omi dis .

28 . Leaves over cm. l ong; cal yx much enl arged in f rui t , t urning red .

3 . Leaf - b l ades margi nal l y ent i re C. Lndi cum.

3a . Leaf - bl ades margi nal l y ser rat e or crenat e- dent at e

C. vu coaum.

Babu (1977) di st i ngui shes t he speci es at Deh ra Dun as f ol l ows1 . Corol l a- t ube 10 - 15 cm. l ong, noddi ng C. Lndi cum.

18 . Corol l a- t ube not over 4 cm. l ong.

2 . Cal y x 5- par t ed near l y t o t he base , b r i gh t red in f rui t .

C. va cu um.

28 . Cal y x t runcat e or shor t l y 5- dent at e , green in f ru i t .

3 . Leaves sess i l e , t ernat e , t he bl ades ser rat e- dent at e ; corol l ast rongl y zygomorph i c , v i ol et C. senaaxum.

38 . Leaves di st i nct l y pet i ol at e , Oppos i t e , t he b l ades ent i re ;corol l a act i nomor p h i c , w h i t e C. i ne8m8 .

W i l l i ams (1905 ) ci t es Schombungh 302 f rom open grassy pl aces in

T ha i l and ; Fl et cher f rom t he same count ry , c i t es Col l i ns 287

8 1312, Haniflfi 12612, Kei t h 772, Kent 393, 2738, 8 3904 , Lahahnahana

428, Maacan 2033, Pat 7394 , 7985, 8 2539, and wi nt r 544 ; Deb (1961 )ci t es his nos . 1034 , 2613, a 2674 f romMani pur ; Si ngh (1969) no.

33554 f rom Lak haot i ; Varma (1981 ) hi s no. 212 f rom B hagal pur ; and

Ja i n 8 hi s associ at es (1982 ) nos . 784 8 929 f rom Haryana , Indi a .

Box , in his unpub l i shed F l ora of Ant i gua , ci t es Pass 32 .

It shoul d be not ed t hat t he l abel s accompanyi ng Hahn 514 and Rob

f ut on 2 do not i ndi cat e t hat t he col l ect i ons were made f romcul t i vat ed p l ant s , but I am assumi ng t hat t hey were . Some sheet s of Gf azf

ca 8185 are er roneousl y l abel ed The Vi dat 2642 cal l ed "kOn

khan i s st er i l e and i s t ent at i vel y p l aced here i t s l eaves are

25 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 . NO I

ex t raordi nar i l y b road .

Mat er i al of C. i ndi cum has been mi s i dent i f i ed and di st r i but ed in

some her bar i a as C. acul ea twn L . , c . flan/ tunat um L c . l néot tunat umL and C. t ennl gol t um H. B. K. On t he ot her hand , t he Sinensen al .

1 147, di st r i but ed as t ypi cal C. l ndl cum, act ual l y represent s f .

oemt oeanat um (Wal l . ) M0 1d-s w h i l e Jimenez 4603 and Mejia 8 Zanonl6743 are C. l ncl oum var . macnoolphon (Hook . f . ) J . G . Baker and t he

you , Bogon. i dent i f i ed as C. i nd/lawn by Bak hu i zenin 1923 and as C. nut ano W811

"vel af f . by him in 1922 , i s not ver

benaceous .

C i t at i ons : SOUTH CAROL INA: C har l est on Count y : Sass A.n. [ nearC har l est on , Dec . 1948 ] (Hi Georget own Co . z Tanbox A .n.

[Mur rel l's Inl et , Sept . 3 , 1939 ] (Hi - 14258 . Jasper Co . : Ahl eo a

Bel l 20993 (Mi Leonand Radgond 2771 (Bl - 244576,Ld , Ld ,

Ld , M i , N, 0r - 133184 , 0r G EORG IA: Camden Co . : Loomlo 6 .

n. [ St . Mary 's , Nov . 1916] (W Grady Co . z Fal ncl ot h 1594

(Ne Mi t chel l Co . z Thonne 6091 ( It ) . 7469 (It ) . Sapel oI sl and (McInt osh 0 . H . Duncan 20667 (Au - 107518 , Hl - 106313 .

Mi , 5 , W5 ) . Count y undet ermi ned : Bangs 1923 ] (A) . F LORIDA: Al achua Co . z O’Nel l l B revard Co . : Rhoado 8 .n. [ Cocoa ,

Sept . 2 1 , 1936 ] (Fl o. n. [ Cocoa , 27 Jul y ] (FlCol umb i a Co . z Hu en o . n. [ Lake C i t y , Jan . 1899] (N) ; Relmea 6 . n.

[ Nov . 15 , 1904 ] N) . Dade Co . z Beooey 6 . n. [Oct . 18 , 1907 ] (LnGl l l l o 8892 (Ft . Ft , Ft , Go) ; n ht fioot 2 (Ba) , o.n. [ near

L i t t l e Ri ver 1918 ] (N) ; Woodbuay 6 .n. [ Sep t . 10 , 1937] (Bu) . De

Sot o Co . z L. H . Bai l ey 13080 Du val Co . z Cunt l oo o.n. [ nearJacksonv i l l e ] (G ) . Hami l t on Co . : Hagen o. n. [ Dec . 1898] (C ) . Har

dee Co . z F . H . Sangent 6486 (St ) . H i gh l ands Co . : L. H. Bal l ey 13087

(88 , Ba ) . Manat ee Co . z Cut hbent o. n. [ B radent on] (FlOrange Co . z wel cot t o. n. [Or l ando , 8- 30- 29] (F1 P i nel l asCo . : Thonne 1288 (It ) . Pol k Co. z 0 . S . Connel l 6293 (NoSarasot a Co . z J . M. Hal l 7609 (It ) . 1670 (It ) ; Tnacy 6 . n. [ Sept . 23 ,

1915 ] (N) . Semi nol e Co . : P. C. Schal l eat 20833 in par t (B , Je7135 , M i , S , Se - 196919 , NS ) , 6 .n. Ll / lO/52 ] (Ur ) . Mer r i t t I sl and(B revard Beal . 6 .n. [ NOV 1927] (Ur ) , 6 .n. [ Jan . 1928 ] (U? )Sani bel I sl and (Lee Baumbach 8677 (Mi , N, w MIS

5 155 1991 : George Co . z K. E . Rogeao 7043- 0 (N) . LOUI S IANA: East Ba

t on Rouge Par . : At t abhan o o.n. [ Nov . 8 , 1972 ] (L v ) ; N. F . Pet ensen

6 .n. [ Sept . 22 . 1909] (N o. h . [Oct . 1909] (L v , L v ) . Jef f ersonPar . : L. E . Fox 2120 (Fx , Fx) . Lafourche Par . : Pnat t o.n. [ 22 Oct ober 1971 ] (L v ) ; C. A. Sml t h o. n. [ June 1970 ] (Ne P l aquemi nes Par . : Ewan 77489 (AU - 120970 . Ba , Gg

- 381236. Tl ) ; Langl olo205 (F o.n. [ Poi nt e- a- l a- Hache 1881 ] ( I ) . St . C har l esPar . : Sml t h 8 Sml t h 559 (Ne St . James Par . : Ewan 19856

(Ac , St . Mary Par . : Dool ey 8 al . 433 (Ne Ter rebonnePar . : Anceneaux 136 ( It ) ; Wunzl ow o. n. [ Nov . 20 , 1913 ] (N) , A. n.

[ 1913 ] (W - 693288 . W 6 .n. [Oct . 16 , 1914 ] (L v , L v , L v , N,

N) . 6 . n. (Lv ) . Wash i ngt on Par . : Thomas 3 al . 74529 (Ne - 181192 .

Ne Par i sh undet ermi ned : C. A. Baown 2295 (Mi ) . T E XASHar r i s Co . : Thunow 5 .n. [ Sep t . 25 , 1914 ] (w CUBA: HavanaHenb . Cub . Fot ac. Cent . Agnon. o.n. [ Nov . 1909 ] (ES ) ; Senna 4 . n.

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl caodcndnam 27

[ 1909] (89 , B r ) . P i nar del Rio : Van Ret mann 6375 (Es ) . JAMAI CACal cy d . a . (Bm) . H I SPAN IOLA: Domi ni can Republ i c : Beauvoi t o. u . (P) .

V IRG IN I SLANDS : St . C roi x : Hcab . Uni v . Chai at i aa . a. n. A. E.

Ri cki cchca 489 (S) . 498 (B , E - 118881 , F - 70912 , N, N, Ob - 14858 ,

01 , P , N L . A. Ri ckdcchca 442b (B . F - 86577 , 01 , P ) ; J . B.

Thompaon 7092 (N) . St . T homas : Fai edai cht t hal 407 (V ) . LEEwARD IS

LANDS : Ant i gua : Dat a 32 (N) . Domi ni ca : Eggcaa o. u . [ Decbr . 1881 ](B ) ; Imad y 753 (K) ; wi l bun, Dunn, Heapenhei de, 8 wiaeman 8028 (Ld .

Mi , N Guadel oupe : Dat a 2943 (B . B . L . N. N

Quent i n 79bia ( P ) . 233 (P) ; St chl é 2074 (N NINDWARD IS

LANDS : Barbados : Banaow o. u. [ Bot . St at . Her b . Bar b . 261 ] (N. N)Mar t i ni que : Bél angca 559 (P) ; D068 1229 (B. B. N. N) ; Hahn 514 (B) .54 1 in Pa r t (Br ) , 1076 (8m, Cb , Cb , Gs Pa P, P9 w" 5770] 9 X) ; Landeng Laaéan 35270 (Ac) . St . Luci a : Haat i ngd 6 . n. [ Jul y 30 , 1900 ] (It ) ;Pl ée a .n. (P ) ; Vél cz 3279 (N St . V i ncent : Gai l di n 25

(Bm, Ed) , 4 , n. [ 1822 ] (B , Ed , Ed , K) ; Mont on 5439 (N - 1884349

Smi t h 2 Smi t h 75 (B. C) . 7275 (K) . 1600 (B . 8m. G ) . TRI NIDAD ANDTOBAGO: Tobago : 0 . E . Baoadway 3372 (K) . a . n. [ Nov . 8 . 1932 1 (A E

1031106 , I ) , a . n. [ Bot ani c St at i on ] (R) ; Eg ana 5500 (B , K, N

934988) Tr i ni dad : Bai t t on 8 Bai t t on 2083 [Tr i n . Bot . Gard . Her b .

10459] (G , N, R, N Facdholm 8 . n. [Oct . 23 , 1906] (R) .

NEST INDI ES : I sl and undet ermi ned : Hcab . Rci chcnbach 5. a . n. (V) .

GUYANA: Hcab. Bai t . Gui an. Fat . Dept . 7707 (Mi ) ; Hcab . Ot t enhai n a .

n. [ Essequ i bo ] (L , Ld - p hot o , N - phot o) ; A. S . Hi t chcock 16778 (G .N , S, w 1audn. 1088 (Au - 178021 , M7 ) , K. 1ZS (AuJcnman 1525 (K. U) ; 0 . Paakca 8 .n. [ DemeraraJ (K) ; Pcaoaud 93 (F

Ri ch . Schombuagk 778 (B , B , K) . SURINAM : Socpaat o 1 18 (Ut ) ;Spl i t gcabea 7700 (Le ) . a . n. (P) ; Tul l ckcn 26 (Le) ; wui iaahiagei 7053

in par t (B , B r , B r ) . FRENC H GUIANA: Bouqui é 97 (P) . 6 . n. [ Mana1855 ] ( P ) ; w. E . Baoadway 369 (G , N , N Sagot 1318 (Bm, N ,

V ) . BRAZ I L : Rio de Jane i ro : Gl azi oa 8785 (P) ; Pi eai a . n. [ Her b .

Jard . Bot . Rio Jan . 24149] (N) . NOSY - BE: Hi l dcbaandt 3401d (L , P ) .

PAKI STAN: Nor t hwest St at es : Royl e 6 .n. [ N.N. I ndi a ] (L ) . NE PAL :Baneaj ee, Shaeat ha , 2 Upadhyay 2505 (N Wal l i ch 7784/ 7(Cp.

L ) . INDIA: Assam: Chand 2467 (M1 ) ; N. R. Fi dhca 6 . n . [ Col oni alHer b . 16191 ] (Na ) ; Hooken 8 Thomaon 6 .n. [MODt . Khas i a ] (5 . N

Jenki na 6 . n. [ Assam] (Nu Ki ngdon-wand 18856 (N) ;

Mann 6 .n. [ Khas i a h i l l s ] (L ) ; Ri ain 'a col l ect oa 451 (BZ Si

monA 6 . n. (82 - 7 19436. Pd) East Punj ab : J . R. Daammond 26181 (CaKeral a : St ocha ,

Law,8c. 6 . n. [Mal abar a Concan] (CD. L . MU

- 858 , Pd) . Karnara : Col l ect oa undet eimi ned 777 (Pd) . Madras :Hcab . Lcdcboaa 6 .n. [Madras ] (L ) ; B. Schmi d 3708 (Pd) ; Vadhoda 509

(N) . Maharash t ra : Adat ia 8 . n. [ Bombay a 20 -10-45J (X6 ) ; Bel l(Xa ) ; L. J . Scd wi ck 3753 (Xa ) . Si k k im: c . B. Cl aahc 36643 (X) ; J .

D. Hooken 6 .n. Si k k im, 1000 ped . ] (Cp, L , Pd) ; Ri bu g Rhomoo 3327

(Ca Surgu3a : Kocl z 79747 (Mi ) . Ut t ar P radesh : Choudhuay90 (W Col l ect oa andQIQAmi nad 186 (Pd) ; Dut hi e 6 . n. [ 9- 698] (Gg a .n. [ l l - 6- 98 ] (Ca Kocl z 27564 (Dv . N) ;Mani 6 .n. [ 18/8/ 3OJ (N) ; Pan

'

96 (N) ; Rai zada 97 (N) ; Samnat cna 99

(Ca M. Si ngh 97 (N); u. Si ngh 377 (Dp - 30713 . La . N. 5 )west Bengal : c . B. Cl anhc 4 188 (N J . M. Cowan a . n. (It ) ;

28 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

Heab. Schumachea 6 . n. (L ) ; Inayat 6 . n. [ 4- 6- 19001 (L) ; Kunt ze 6543

(N) ; St i e/ tnecnant z (S) ; T . Thomaon 6 . n. (L) . St at e undet ermined : Cane 6 .n. (K) ; Fal conea 744 (L . Mu - 1184 . T) ; Henb . Hohena ckea

6 .n. (Cp Hu b . Liebmann 6 .n. (CD. CD) ; Hu b . Schu bert 6 .n. (MuHeab, Vahl 6 . n. (CD. CD) ; Roxbua h 6 . n. (B r , Ld -

phot o , N

p hot o , S) ; wal l i ch (L ) . 1784/F L ) ; R. Night 2377 (L) . 6 .n.

[ Penins . Ind . Or i ent . ] (L ) . BANGLADESH : C. B. Cl aahe 17988 (L ) ;Hooken 8 Thomaon 6 . n. [ Si l het ] (Cp, L . NU - 859. N. Pd) ; Ki ng

'6 col

l eet on 746 [ Col oni al Her b . 16199 ] (Na ) ; wal l i cn (L ) . SRI

LANKA: Amaaat unga 7628 (Pd) . 7757 (Pd) ; Bai ahi iahnan NEK. 939 (N. Pd .

W 940 (W Col l ect oa undet et mi ned 6 . n. (Pd) ;Sumi t hnaaaachchi 8 Sumi t hnaanachchi (W - 2804886 . N) ; 008t hi ngi an 4206 (K) . BURMA: Lower Burma : Kunt ze 6264 (N. N. N) . Up perBurma : D. J . Andea6on 6 . n. (Bz Bel chea 766 Typ husComm. 766] (w Khal i l 37 [ Col oni al Her b . 19554 ] (Na ) , 6 .n.

[ Saga 18941 (N Pi agen 6 . n. [ 18901 (L) ; J . F . Rock 854 (N.

C H I NA: Kwangt ung: N. J . Andea66 0n 6 .n. [ W hampoa , DEC

1852 ] (S) . THAI LAND: Chi t a 128 (F9 ) ; Mad . 0 . J . Col l i nt 7372 (N.

Gee6i nk, Hat t i nk, 2 Phengkl ai 6462 (Ac) ; Kni t 735 (S) ; Put2539 (B ) ; J . F . Rock 1909 (N LAOS : Vi dal 2141 (Ld) . 2620

(Sm) . 2642 (Sm) . V I E TNAM: Annam: Pi eaae 5223 (B . Ca Cc

ch i nch i na : Thonel 102 (B ) . MALAYA: Kedah : M. R. HendeA6on 22922 in

par t (Bz Pahang: Pooae 1366 (K1 Per l i s : M. R.

Hendeaoon 22922 in par t (N) . Si ngapore : N. J . Andea66on 6 . n. [ 28Jan. 1853 ] (S , S) ; Si ncl ain 5284 (w GREAT ER SUNDA IS

LANDS : Java : Bucket 2589 (Bz 4692 (Bz 9899 (82

19406 , Bz 14833 (BZ 18011 (Bz 21384 (Bz22355bi 6 (Bz 37263 (Bz - I9392 ) . 6 . n. [ 1902 ] (82

19410 , Bz 6 .n. [ 25 Jan. 1903 ] (Bz 6 . n. [Mrt . 1903 ](Bz Bakhui zen 282 (Bz - 19391 , Bz 2763 (Ut - 24898A)4077 (Bz 6217 (Bz - 19401 , Bz ) ; Beumee S398 (Bz - 19393 , 82

Bl i t aa 6 . n. [ VI I I . 1939] (Bz Bainkma 224 (BzHeab . Bogoai ende 19415 Kol lmann 6 . n. [ Java ] (M) ; Opium en- Zou

t aegi i 6 . n. (Bz - 19398 , Bz Si ebol d 6 . n. (Nu Van Semaaang 6 .n. [ Nov . 1929 ] (Bz Van St eeni 6 2866 (BzVondeaman 6 . n. [ Bat av i a ] (Bz Kal imant an : Pol ah 701 (Bz

P06t humu6 2038 (Bz Sumat ra : Bannemei j ea 3242 (82Heab . Bo oni en6 e 19426 19432 (Bz ) ; Hoohen 6 . n. [ 1841 ]

(K) ; Koent 6 . n. Bz Lbazi ng 3596 (Bz Ul t ee 130 (82Voogd 397 (Bz MOLUC CA I SLANDS : Ternat e : Beguin

1375 (Bz NEW CAL EDONIAN I SLANDS : New Cal edoni a : Fi anc 1284

(Ca Le Jol i 6 6 . n. [ Nouvel l e Cal édonie ] (X ) . HAWAI IAN IS

LANDS : Oahu : Judd 6 .n. [ Hakipuu , NOV . 28 , 1938 ] (B i , N) ; H. N. Mol

denke 2 1873 (M7 ) ; wi i dea 6 . n. [ Jul y 27 , 1934 ] (N) ; Zimmeiman 2 Judd6 . n. (N) , 6 . n. [ June 14 , 1943 ] (N) . SAMOAN I SLANDS : Tut u i l a : 0 . w. Ganben 942 (B i ) ; Genzel l 6 . n. [ Pago Page ] SOC I E TYI SLANDS : Raiat ea : J . w, Moone 626 (B i , B i ) . Tah i t i : Set chel l 8

Paaht 757 (Cd CUL T I VAT ED: Al abama : Fal l en 1925 ](E - 922709) Bermuda : Baown, Bai t t on,

8 woat l ey 1808 (D- 556140 :

N) . B raz i l : Gl azi ou 8185 (B , Cp, F - 605790 , K, L , P ) . Cu ba : C. F .Bahen 7276 (B , Po Ponce y Ram06 6 .n. [ Her b . Roi g 305 ] (Es) .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl eaodendaum 29

Egy p t : Mahdi 195 (G2 ) , 6 . n. (G2 , 82 , G2 ) , t . u .

1963 ] (62 , Oz ) , 6 . n. (G2 ) ; Reyea a . h . [ Hort o Rhada Cah irae ] (V ) ; Tachholm 6 . n. (G2 . 6 . n.

Tdchholm 8 Ei 6ayed 206 (62 . 6 .n. 6 . h .

1961 ] (Oz , 62 , G2 ) . Fl or ida : L. H . Bai l ey 6 . n. [ Dec . 31 , 1896 ](Ba ) ; Dae66 1271 (Ba) ; Hawhe6 6 .n. [Oct ober 1958 ] (Sm) ; E . G. Hume6 .n. [Or l ando , Jul y 21 , 1930 ] (Ba , Ba , Ba , B i , 6 . n. [Or l ando ,

Jul y 31 , 1930 ] (Ba ) ; P. 0 . Schal l eat 20833 in par t (B , Mu , 5 , NS ) ;Siat 6 . n. [ Harbor V i ew , Oct . 1903 ] (N Ti deat aom 4277 (Ar

wedding 739 (Ar Georgi a : A. Baown 6 .n. (MSHaamea 178A (NS ) ; Ri denhoun 6 .n. [ Col umbus , Oct . 1930 ] (Ga , Ga , Ga ) .

Guyana : Hehh. Bai t . Gui an. Bot . Gaad. 1907 ] (K. U) ; N.

Panken a. h . [ Demerara ] (K) . Hawa i i an I sl ands : Kuykendel l 129

J . F . 0 . Rock 72576 (B i . B i ) ; 0 . P. wi l den a . h . [ Jul y 26 , 7930 ] (B i ,B i ) , 6 .n. [ Jul y 27 , 1934 ] (Ba , Ca 6 .n. [ Honol ul u ,

(Mu ) . Hong Kong: Hance 395 (Bm) . Indi a : Col l ect oa undet eami ned

(L ) ; D'Almei da 7587 (Xa ) ; Heab . Hot t . Bot . Seaampoae 6 .n.

(CD) ; Sant apau 6 .n. [ V i ct . Gardens , Oct . 1950 ] (Xa ) ; Voi gt 6 . n. [ H.

B . Seramp. ] (CD) ; wal l i ch 778 (Pd) . 885 (CD) . 7784 (K) . 1784/E (Nu

(K) . 6 .n. Java : Heab . Hoat . Bot . Bogoa . x7. B. V7.

51 (Bz XII. B. IV. 96 (Bz - 26230 . Bz

(Bz —19382 , Bz (Bz - 19384 , Bz 6 . n.

(Bz - 19385 . Bz KooadeaA 389426 (Bz - 194I6 ) . 389436(Bz - 19419 , Bz 38945b (Bz 39748b (Bz

408426 (Bz - 19417 , Bz 420606 (Bz - 19423 , 82

wol ggvan We6 t eaaode 340 (Bz Lou i s i ana : Penflound¢ , n, [ Nov . 1936 ] (T1 ) . Mar t i ni que : Hahn 514 (B ) . Maur i t i us : Col “

l eet on undet eami ned 6 . n. (K) . Net her l ands : Heab . Lugd.- Bat .

354 (Le ) . Pak i st an : Quaet hi 6 . n. [ Apr i l 1966 ] (Kh) , 6 . n. [ Nov .

1968 ] (Kh) . Réuni on : Baéon 6 . n. [ 1843 ] (Ou Richand 8 .n.

[ Jard i n de Bourb . ] ( P ) . Ruad I sl and : Paul Duke 06 w0at embeag 6 . h .

[ hor t . I brah im Pascha 1839 ] (Nu St . V i ncent : Moat on 4744

(w Samoan I sl ands : Set chel l 247 (Ca - 216O I 6 , Ca - 2160l 7) ,Sout h Carol i na : Hagen 6 . n. [ B l uf f t on , Oct . 1933 ] (A) ; Tot t en 6 . n.

[ Brookgreen Gardens , Sept . 24 , 1939 ] (Hi Sr i Lanka : Coll ect oa undat elumlned [MP S . D. F. Barnes '

pl ace , Oct . 20 , 1949 ](Pd) ; Mol denke, Mol denke, 8 Jayat uai ya 28169 (Pd. W - 2764432 . W

2764458 . N) . Sur i nam: Foche 978 (Vt . Ut ) ; Kegel 7030 (Gt ) ; wui iSchiugei 7053 in par t (Gt , V , V ) . Texas : Dnuahal , Thanp. 8 Baahl ey73A763 (AU ) ; Heabea a. h . [ Sep t ember 10 . 1949] (N) . a . h . (Jan. 27 .

1950 ] (N) ; E , R, Robi n6on z (F Tr i ni dad : Kal l oo(N) . LOCAL I T Y OF COL L E CT ION UNDETERMINED: Col l ect oa undet eami ned 6 .

n. (L) ; Heab . A. Bhaun 6 . n. [ Podra a KuJeP ] (L) ; Heab . Li nnaeud

(Ls , N -phot o) , (Ls , N - p hot o) ; Kdnig 6 .n. (S) . MOUNT ED IL

LUSTRAT IONS : Amman, Comment . Acad . Sci . Imp. Pet rop . 8 : p l . 15 . 1736

(Ld) ; Bor Ra i zada , Some Beaut . Indi an C l imb . 145 , f ig. 90 . 1954

(Ld) ; Burm. f F1 . Indi ca pl . 43 , f ig. 1 8 2 . 1768 (Ld) ; Duke A

yensu , Med . P1 . C h i na 2 : 637 . 1985 (Ld) ; Lam Tabl . Encycl . Met h .

Bot . 1 : p l . 79 . 1791 (Ld , Z ) ; R. Ni gh t , Il l ust r . I ndi an Bot . 2 : p l .

173 . 1850 (Ba ) .

30 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

C LERODENDRUM INDICUM f . SEMISERRATUM (Wa11 . ) Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 22

214 . 1971 .

Synonymy : Cl eaodendaon 6emi 6eanat um Mal l Numer . L i st no .

1785 hy ponym. 1829 . Cl eaodendaon 6iphonant hu6 var . 6emi 6eaaat a

(Na1 1 . ) C . B . C l ar ke in Hook . f F l . B r i t . Indi a 4 : 595 . 1885 .

Cl eaodendaon Aemi 6eaaat a Wal l . apud C . B . C l ar ke in Hook . f F1 .

B r i t . I nd i a 4 : 595 in syn. 1885 . Cleaodendaon 6iphonant hu6 var .

6 emi 6 eaaat a C . B . C l ar ke ex Mol d . , Resume 269 in syn. 1958 .

B i bl i ography : Wa l l Numer . L i st no . 1785 . 1829; St eud

Nom. Bot . P han. , ed . 2 , 1 : 383 . 1840 ; Schau . in A. DC. , Prodr . 11

675 . 1847 ; Buek , Gen. Spec . Syn . Candol l . 3 : 106 . 1858 ; C . B .

C l ar ke in Hook . f F1 . B r i t . Indi a 4 : 595 . 1885 ; Mol d Al p h . L i stInv . Names Supp l . 1 : 7 . 1947 ; Mol d . , Résumé 269 . 1958 ; Anon. , Kew

Rec . Tax . Li t . 270 . 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 22 : 214 . 1971 ; Anon. ,

B i ol . Abst r . 53 1972 ; Mol d B i ol . Abst r . 53

6372 . 1972 ; Hock i ng, E xcer p t . Bot . A. 21 : 117. 1973 ; Mol d P hyt ol .

Mem. 2 : 272 , 388 , 389 , 393 , 8 538 . 1980 ; B renan , Ind . Kew. Su p p l .

16 : 71 . 1981 ; H . N. 8 A. L . Mol d . in Dassan. 8 Fosb . , Rev . Handb .

F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 428 . 1983 .

T h i s f orm d i f f er s f rom t he t y p i cal form of t he spec i es in i t s

more or l ess margi nal l y crenat e- ser rat e l eaf - b l ades .

The form i s based on wal l i ch 1785 f rom P rome and Segain, Up perBurma . col l ect ed in 1826 and depos i t ed in t he East Indi a CompanyHer bar i um at Kew. C l ar ke (1885 ) comment s t hat i t is Ap parent l y a

much - b ranched sh rub ; but t he spec imens are poss i bl y onl y S hor t im

per fect f l ower - branches rap i dl y devel oped f rom a normal p l ant of C.

Siphonant hu6 cut t o t he base by a hot - weat her j ungl e f i re ; f or t he

cal yx and corol l a are exact l y as of C. Siphonant hut . He descr i best he p l ant as hav i ng

" Leaves op posi t e shor t - pet i ol ed el l i p t i c crenat el obat e , pani cl e t ermi nal 3 - 4- f l d .

Sdrensen and his assoc i at es encount ered w hat seems t o be t h i sform of t he spec i es in mi xed evergreen f orest s of T ha i l and , at 350

m. al t i t ude ; t he i r mat er i al was i dent i f ied as and d i st r i but ed as

t y p i cal C. i ndi cum Kunt ze . It shoul d be not ed t hat not al l of

t he l eaf - b l ades ex h i b it ed by t h i s col l ect ion ex h ib it t he ser rat i on.

C i t at i ons : T HAI LAND: Sénenaen,Laa6en, 8 Hant en 1147 (CD. CD) .

C LERODENDRUM INERME (L . ) Gaer t n. , Eruct . Sem. P1 . 1 : 271 , pl . 57 ,

f ig. 1 . 1788 .

Synonymy : Ni t a- nozé ji iz Rheede , Hor t . Mal ab . 5 : 97. 1685 .

Min- not t'

iz Rheede , Hor t . Mal ab . 5 : p l . 49 . 1685 . Bacci geaa mal ab.

gauct u O t ango, t et aacocco , cal ycul at o Ray , H i st . P1 . 2 : 1573 . 1688 .

Ni ia not 6ji l Ray , H i st . P1 . 2 : 1573 . 1688 . Peai cl ymeni 6imi l i 6aaboa myat i fiol ia madeaa6pauen6i6 P l uk Almagest . Bot . p l . 211 , f ig.

4 (1692 ) and p. 287 . 1696 . Jadmi ni (l one, flaut ex phi l ippent ia ,

60l i i 6 fil oai but que gene t enni d Pet iv . , Gazophyl . 67 . 1702 . Jat mi ni

(l one saut ex phi l ippeneia 50l i i 6 gl oai bueque fleae t enni b Pet iv . ,

Gazophyl . p l . 42 , f ig. 7 . 1702 . Peni cl ymeni 6imi l i 6 myat i éol iaaaboa madeaaapat en6i6 P l uk Amal t h . Bot . 167 . 1705 . Ja6mi num

glandul i fieAumfloet i dum, zeyl ani cum J . Burm. , T hes . Zey l . 127 . 1737 .

Ja6mi num l i t oaeum Rump f , Her b . Amboin. 5 : 86 , p l . 46 . 1747.

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32 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

1 , 246 in syn . 1830 [ not C. madaga6 caai en6 e Mol dCl eaodendnum conomandel i num Spreng. ex Sweet , Hort . B r i t . , ed . 2 ,

415 . 1830 . Cl enodendaon i neami i var . pl ukenat i6 depi ct a. Hami l t . ex

Nal l Numer . L i st 87 , no . 1789/E. 1831 . Cl eaodendaon. cap6ul aaeB l anco , F l . Fi l i p . , ed . 1 , 509. 1837 . Cl eaodendaum jauani cum Spreng.

apud St eud . , Nom. Bot . P han. , ed . 2 , 1 : 383 . 1840 . Cl eaodendaon

commanaoni i Spreng. apud D. Di et r . , Syn. P1 . 3 : 615 . 1843 .

Ni t - not 6ji t Rheede apud Wal p . , Repert . Bot . Syst . 4 : 112 in syn .

1844 . Vol kameaia i neAmi 6 L . f . ex Schau . in A. DC. , Prodr . 11 : 657

8 660 in syn . 1847 . Vol kameaia neai iflol i a Rox b . apud Schau . in A.

DC Prodr . 11 : 660 in syn. 1847. Cl eaodendaon i nneAMe Seem. , 30 "

pl andia 10 : 250 . 1862 . Cl eaodendaon i neame var . oceani cum A. Gray ,

P roc . Amer . Acad . 6 : 50 . 1862 . Cl eaodendaon i neame var . genui na S .

Kurz , For . PI . B r i t . Burma 2 : 266 . 1877 . Cl eaodendaon ineAme var .

neai i fiol i um (Wal l . ) 5 . Kurz , For . F1 . B r i t . Burma 2 : 266 . 1877.

Cl eaodendaon i nenme var . neai igol ium Kurz apud K. Schum. , Engl . Bot .

Jahrb . 8 : 220 . 1887 . Vol kameaia i neami 6 Lour . ex Max im. , Bu l l .

Acad . Nat . St .- Pét ersb . 32 : 83 in syn . 1887 . Cl eaodendaon i neame

Gaer t n. ex Mat t , Dict . Econ. P rod . I ndi a 2 : 372 . 1889 . Cl eaodendaon

i neamet x oval i gol ium Kunt ze , Rev . Gen . P1 . 2 : 506 . 1891 .

Cl eaodendaon i neame cn oval i gol ium f . 6ubgl 0 60 6a Kunt ze . Rev . Gen.

P l . 2 : 506 . 1891 . Cl u odendaon i nv tme ot oval i fioli wn f . coaynocwtpaKunt ze , Rev . Gen . P1 . 2 : 506 . 1891 . Cl eaodendf wn i nvLme ? lat égoli umKunt ze , Rev . Gen. P1 . 2 : 506 . 1891 . Cl eaodendaon i neame r

neai i éol i um (Na11 . ) Kurz apud Kunt ze , Rev . Gen. P1 . 2 : 506 . 1891 .

Ovi eda i nenmLA (L . f . ) Bai1 1 . , H i st . P1 . 11 : 94 . 1891 [ not Oui edai nanmi6 Burm. , 1840 , nor Burm. f 1894 , nor Jack s . ,

Cl eaodendaon neaeiflol i umwal l . apud Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . ,

Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , 1 : 56 . 1893 . Phaamacum l i t oaeum Rumpf apud Dymock , Harden , 8 Hooper , Pharmacog. Indica 3 : 77 in syn. 1893 .

Vol kameni a i nanmi 6 wi l l d . ex Hunt er , Journ . St ra i t s B r . Roy . As i at .

Soc . 53 : 102 . 1909 . Cl eaodendaon i neane Noodrow . Gard . T rop. , ed .

6 , imp. 8 , 437 sphalm. 1910 . Cl eaodendaon i neame Auct ex E . 0

Mer r P h i l i p . Journ. Sci . Bot . 7 : 215 in syn . 1912 . Cl eaodendaon

i ngame N. F . Ni gh t apud E . D. Mer r . , P h i l i p . Journ. Sci . Bot . 9 : 135

in syn . 1914 . Cl eaodendaon i nt eame Firminger , Man. Gard . Indi a , ed .

6 , 2 : 388 sphalm. 1918 . Cl enodendaum neai i éol ium Wal l . apud H . Hal

l i er , Neded . Rij ks Her b . Le i d . 37 : 61 in syn. 1918 . Cl eaodendnumcommanxoni i Spreng. apud H . Hal l i er , Meded . Rij ks Her b . Le i d . 37 : 61

in syn. 1918 . Cl enodendaum cap6u£ana B l anco apud HQ Hal l i er , Medad .

Rij ks Her b . Le i d . 37 : 61 in syn . 1918 . Cl eaodendaon neaeiflol iumWal l . ex Wal p . apud Bak h . in Lam 8 Bak h Bul l . Jard . Bot . Bui

t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 110 in syn . 1921 . Cl eaodendaon commea6oni i [ Poi r . ]Spreng. apud Bak h . in Lam 8 Bakh . , Bul l . Jard . Bot . Buit enz . , ser .

3 , 3 : 108 in syn. 1921 . Cl eaodendaon neai i gol iuA wal l . apud E . D.

Mer r . , Enum. Born . P l . 516 in syn. 1921 . Cheaodendaon i neame (L . )Gaer t n. ex H . J . Lam, Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 59 : 28 sp halm. 1924 .

Cl eaodendaon i neame var . neai igol ia Kur z apud Domi n , B i b l . Bot . 89

1 111 in syn . 1928 . Cl eaodendaon commeAAoni i C hung ex P‘e i , Mem. Sci .

Soc . C h ina 1 127 in syn. 1932 . Volhameaia . i neami 6 L . apud Ho

sokawa , Trans . Nat . H i st . Soc . Formosa 23 : 232 in syn . 1933 .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendaum 33

Cl eaodendaum commeASOni Spreng. a pud E . D. Mer r . , T rans . Amer . P h i los . Soc . 24 337 in syn. 1935 . Cl eaodendaon i nel me var .

nani i gol iam Wal l . apud F l et cher . Kew Bul l . Mi sc . Inf . 1938 : 425 Tn

syn,1 938 . Cl enodendaon commea6oni ( Poi r . ) Spreng. ex Mol d Pre

l im. Al p h . L i st Inv . Names 19 in syn. 1940 . l eaodendaon i nanmiaL . ex Mol d . , P rel im. Al p h . L i st Inv . Names 20 in syn. 1940 .

Cl eaodendaon l i t t oai um Heyne ex Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph . L i st Inv . Names20 in SYN . 1940 . Cl eaodendaon i neame var . l anceol at um Wal l . ex

Mol d . , P rel im, Al ph . L i st Inv . Names 20 in syn . 1940 . Cl enodendnnn

i neAme Naud . ex Mol d Al ph . L i st Inv . Names 18 in syn. 1942 .

Cl eaodendaon i neame (L . ) Gaer t n. ex Mol d Al p h . L i st Inv . Names 18in syn. 1942 . Cl aaodendaon i neame var . neai i gol ia Kunt ze ex Mol dAl p h . L i st Inv . Names 18 in syn . 1942 . Cl eaodendaon i neAme

'

var .

oceani cum Tor r . ex Mo l d Al ph . L i st Inv . Names 18 in syn . 1942 .

Cl eaodendaon i neame var . l at igol ia Kunt ze ex Mol d Al ph . L i st Inv .

Names Supp ‘. 1 : 6 in syn . 1947 . Cl eaodendaon i neame var .

neai i fiol ium (Na11 . ) S . Kurz ex Mol d . , Résumé 264 in syn. 1959 .

Cl eaodendaum i neamia (L . ) Gaert n . ex Mol d Résumé Suppl . 1 ° 16

sp halm. 1959 . Uol hameai a i neami a L . ex Mol d Résumé 392 in syn .

1959 . Peni cl ymeni 6imi l i 6 myat i gol i a aaboa madeaadpaaenaia Pl uk . ex

Mol d Ré sumé 330 in syn.( 959 . Vol kameai a myat iflol i a Por t ensch l .

ex Mol d . , Résumé 392 in syn.1 959 . Cl eaodendaon eneami 6 Gaer t n . ex

Mol d . , Résumé Suppl . 1 : 16 in syn . 1959 . Cl eaodendaum i neame Bent h .

ex Hund ley 8 K0 Tn Lac e , Trees Shrubs Burma , ed . 3 , 203 in syn.

1961 . Cl eaodendaon i neame (L . ) Gaert n . f ex Liu , I l l ust . Nat . In

t rod . L i gn . P1 . Ta i nan 2 : 1216 in syn . 1962 . Cl eaodendAum

commea6oni i ( Po i r . ) Spreng. ex L iu , I l l ust . Nat . I nt rod . L i gn. P1 .

Ta i wan 2 : 1216 in syn . 1 962 . Vol kameai a neai iflol ia (Na11 . ) Rox b . ex

Liu , I l l ust . Nat . Int rod . L i gn . P1 . Ta i wan 2 : 1216 in syn . 1962 .

Cl eaodendaon i neAmi Gaer t n. ex Mol d Résumé Suppl . 7 : 7 in syn.

1963 . Cl eaodendaum i neame sensu auct . Japon . ex Ohw i , F1 . Jap. 765

in syn. 1965 . Ja6mi num gl andul i geAum, goet i dum, zeyla ni cum Herm.

apud Lourt eig, Taxon 15 : 26 . 1966 . Cl eaodendaon i neame L . ex Gu i l1aum. , Mém. Mus . H i st . Nat . Par i s 316 . 1 967 . Cl eaodendAumi neame (L . f . ) Gaer t n. ex Sant apau , Bu l l . Bot . Sur v . Indi a 8 : 38 .

1 967 . Chenodendnum i nenme (L . ) Gaert n . ex Mol d Resume Sup p l . 15 :

17 in syn. 1967 . Cl eaodendaon eneame Josh i , Biores . Ind . 4 : 4601

sp halm. 1968 . Cl eaodendaon t ueima B1 . ex Corner 8 Nat anabe , I l l ust .

Gu i de Trop . P l . 755 . 1969. Cl eaodendaum neai i fiol i um Wal l . ex

Schau . ex Mol d F i f t h Summ. 1 : 464 in syn. 1971 . Cl eaodendaumi neami Farnswor t h , Pharmacog. T i t l es 6 V sp halm. 1972 .

Cl eaodendaon neaiflol i um Subram. 8 Na i r , Journ . Indian C hem. Soc . 491 972 . Cl eaodendaon commeAAOni i (Lam. ) Sp reng. ex Mol d

Phyt ol ogia 23 : 429 in syn. 1972 . Cl eaodendaum neai l ol i um Subram.

Ne i r ex Farnswor t h , Pharmacog. T i t l es 8 i i i 8 241 . 1973 .

Cl eaodendAum neai fiol ium Subram. 8 Na i r , Phyt ochem. 12 : 1195 . 1973 .

Cl eaodendaum i neame L . apud Hegnauer , Chemot ax . Pf l . 6 [ C hem. 21 ]670 . 1973 . Cl eaodencaon i neame V . J . Chapm. , Mangr . Veg. 23 sp halm.

1976 . Cl eaodendaon i neame Bent h . ex Mol d Phyt ol ogia 34 : 273 in

syn . 1976 . Col hmenia i neami 6 L . apud Hs i ao , F1 . Ta i wan 4 : 420 in

syn. 1978 . Cl eaodendnum nenaiflozium Nal l . apud Fosb . 8 a1 Mi cro

34 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

nesica 15 : 234 8 235 in syn . 1979 . Cl eaodendaum i nenme var . i nenmeex Fosb . 8 a1 Micronesica 15 : 234 . 1979 . Vol cameaia i neami 6 L . ex

Fosb . , Sachet , 8 Ol iv . , Micrones ica 15 : 239 in syn . 1979 .

Chl onodendaon i neame Gaer t n . ex Mol d Phy t ol . Mem. 2 : 382 in syn.

1 980 . Cl eaeodendeon i neame (L . ) Gaer t n . ex Mol d P hyt ol . Mem. 2

383 in syn . 1980 . Cl eaodendaom i neime Gaer t n. ex Mol d P hy t ol .

Mem. 2 : 384 in syn . 1980 . Cl eaodendaon i neami 6 Gaer t n. ex Mol dP hy t ol . Mem. 2 : 386 in syn . 1980 . Cl eaodendaon i neami 6 var .

pzuhenaxo depi cxa Hami l t . ex Mol d . , Phyt ol ._Mem. 2 : 386 in syn.

1980 . Faut ex 6yl ve6t ni 6 , (l one al bo, ant aal ia moega i javanie Kl e inhof ex Mol d P hy t ol . Mem. 2 : 405 in syn . 1980 . Cl eaodendaon i neamevar . pual i gol i um Kunt ze apud H . N. 8 A. L . Mol d . in Dassan. 8 Fosb . ,

Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 450 in syn . 1983 . Cl eaodendaon i nenme var .

oual iflol i um f . 6ubgl obO6a Kunt ze apud H . N. 8 A. L . Mol d . in Dassan.

8 Fosh . , Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 450 in syn . 1983 . Cl enodendaon

i neAme var . oual i gol ium f . coaynecaapa Kunt ze apud H . N. 8 A. L .

hol d . in Dassan . 8 Fosb Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 450 in syn. 1983 .

Cl eaodendaon i neame var . l at i fiol i um Kunt ze apud H . N. 8 A. L . Mol d.

in Dassan . 8 Fosh . , Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 450 in syn . 1983 .

Cl eaodendnon i neami 6 var . cx pl uhenat io depi ct a Hami l t on ex H . N. 8

A. L . Mol d . in Dassam. 8 Fosh. , Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 449 in syn .

1983 . Cl eaodendaon eneami t (L . ) Gaer t n in her b . Cl eaodendaon

neai i gol i um var . l anceol at umwal l . , in her b . Vol kameaia myat i éol iaPort enschl ag, in her b .

B i b l i ograp hy : Rheede , Hor t . Ind . Mal ab . 4 : 589 (1683 ) and 5 : 9798 , p l . 49 . 1685 ; Ray , H i st . P l . 2 : 1573 . 1688 ; P l u k Almagest .

Bot . pl . 211 , f ig. 4 (1692 ) and 287 . 1696 ; Pet iv . , GaZOphyl . 67 , p l .

42 , f ig. 7 . 1702 ; P1uk . , Phyt ogr . Amal t h . Bot . 1 : 167 . 1705 ; Herm. ,

Mus . Zeyl . 23 . 1717 ; J . Burm. , T hes . Zey l . 127 . 1737 ; Rump f , Her b .

Amboi n. 5 : 86, pl . 46 . 1747 ; P . Herm. in L F1 . Zey l . , ed . 1 , 104

(1747) and ed . 2 , 104 . 1748 ; L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . 1 , imp. 1 , 2 : 637 .

1753 ; St i ckman in L Her b . Amb . 19 . 1754 ; Osbeck , Dagbok Ost ind .

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I ndi ca 136 - 137 , p l . 43 , f ig. 1 . 1768 ; J . Burm. , F1 . Ma l ab . 7 . 1769 ;L Mant . Pl . , imp. 1 , 2 : 423 . 1771 ; P . Mi l l . , Gard . Di ct . , abrdgd .

ed . 6 : Val hameai a 2 . 1771 ; Nom. Bot . 155 . 1772 ; J . A. Mur r .

in L . , Syst . Veg. , ed . 13 , 577 . 1774 ; J . G . A. For st F1 . Ins . Aus

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1788 ; J . F . Gmel . in L . , Syst . Nat . , ed . 13 , imp. 1 , 2 : 961 .

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473 8 882 . 1793 ; J . F . Gmel . in L . , Syst . Nat . , ed . 13 , imp. 2 , 2

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A. Sal i sb Prodr . 109 . 1796 ; Raeusch . , Nom. Bot . , ed . 3 , 182 . 1797 ;wi l l d . in L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . 4 3 383 - 384 . 1800 ; Bal bis ,

Cat . P1 . Hor t . Tau r . 49. 1804 ; Desf . , Tab l . Ecol . Bot . , ed . 1 , 53 .

1804 ; Poi r . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot . 8 : 688 . 1808 ; Nil l d . , Enum.

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Cat . St i r p . Hor t . Acad . Taur . 82 . 1813 ; A. P . DC. , Cat . P1 . Hor t .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl eaodendaum 35

Bot . Monsp. 71 . 1813 ; Rox b . , Hor t . Beng. , imp. 1 , 46 . 1814 ; Desf

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ed . 1 , 2 : 58 . 1824 ; B l ume , Bi r . F1 . Ned . Ind . 9 : 808 . 1825 ;

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Ned . Ind . 14 : 808 . 1826 ; Sweet , Hor t . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 1 : 322 . 1826 ;Nees , Rob . Br . . Vermisch . Bot . Sch r i f t . 3 367 . 1827 ; Loud . , En

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1849 ; Bent h . in w. Hook . , Journ . Bot . Kew Gard . M i sc . 5 : 136 . 1853 ;L i ndl Veg. Kingd . , ed . 3 , 664 . 1853 ; Buek , Gen . Spec . Syn . Candol l .

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36 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

Gamb l e , Man . Ind i an Timb . , ed . 1 , 299 8 504 . 1881 ; J . E . Gonzal es ,

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380 . 1883 ; Dymock , Veg. Mat . Med . W . I ndi a , ed . 1 , i x 498 , 598 , 8

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1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendnum 37

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I ndi an C hem. Soc . 49 : [ l O61 ] - 1062 . 1972 ; Zeperni ck , Baessl .-Arch

ser . 2 , 8 : 46 , 191 , 207 , 238 , 279 , 282 , 8 298 . 1972 ; Al t schu l , DrugsFoods 247 . 1973 ; Backer , At l as 220 Weeds [ Hand1 . Cu l t . Sugar - canepl . 523 . 1973 ; Carat ini , B l asco , 8 Thanika imoni , Pol l en Spores 15285 . 1973 ; Farnswor t h , Pharmacog. T i t l es 6 , Cum. Gen. Ind . [ 32 ]

8 i i i 8 2416 and 8 v i . 1973 ; Har t l ey , Dun

1 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendaum 43

st one , Fi t zg. , Johns , 8 Lamber t on, Ll oydia 36 : 223 8 293 . 1973 ;Hegnauer , Chemot ax . Pf l . 6 [ C hem. 670 . 1973 ; Nor t on, Br i st ol ,Read , Bushnel l , Kash i wagi , Ok i naga , 8 Oda , Journ . P harm. Sci 62

1081 . 1973 ; R. R. Rao , St ud . F l ow . Pl . Mysore Di st . 2 : 749 749

[ t hes i s ] . 1973 ; Rao 8 Raz i , Journ . Mysore Uni v . B 26 : 102 . 1973 ;

Sub ramani an 8 al Indi an Journ . P harm. 35 : 191 192 . 1973 ; Sub ramani an, Na i r , 8 Vedant ham, Phyt ochem. 1 2 : 2078 - 2079 . 1973 ; Sub ramani an 8 Na i r , Phyt ochem. 12 : 1195 . 1973 ; Bol kh . , Gri f , Mat vej . , 8

Zakhar . , C h romos . Numb . F l ow . Pl . , imp. 2 , 715 . 1974 ; O. 8 1 . Degener , Phyt ol ogia 28 : 408 . 1974 ; El - Gazzar , Egy pt . Journ. Bot . 17 : 75

8 78 . 1974 ; Farnswor t h , Pharmacog. T i t l es 9 V i 9 (3 )v i and 9 i i i 8 886 . 1974 ; Fosh . , P roc . Second I nt ernat . Coral Reef Sympos . 1 : 394 . 1974 ; Gan Vanof [ Gard . Landscape ] 29

10 . 1974 ; M. R. Hender son, Mal ay . W i l d Fl s . Di cot . , imp. 2 ,

385 - 386 , f ig. 356 A 8 B . 1974 ; Jaf f ré , Candol l ea 29 : 455 . 1974 ;Lasser , B raun , 8 St eyerm. , Act . Bot . Venez . 9 : 36 . 1974 ; Mani , Ecol .

Biogeogr . I ndi a [ I l l i es , Monog. B i ol . 662 8 735 . 1974 ; Mol dPhyt ol ogia 28 : 443 , 446 , 447 , 449, 454 , 8 455 . 1974 ; Nap p- Z i nn ,

Anat . B l at t . A ( l ) : 394 . 1 974 ; St . John, Paci f . Sci . 28 : 355 . 1974

Vivekanandan, Sri Lanka Forest er , ser . 2 , 11 : 82 , 138 , 8 144 . 1974 ;Bal gooy , Paci f . P1 . Areas 3 : 244 . 1975 ; Basu , I ndi an Med . Pl . , imp.

3 , 3 : p l . 743 . 1975 ; Bose 8 Mondal , P1 . Sci . Lucknow 7 : 23 - 27 .

1975 ; [ Farnswor t h ] , Pharmacog. T i t l es 7 , Cum. Gen . Ind . 1975 ;Fosb . , Fal anruw, 8 Sachet , Smi t h son . Cont r i b . Bot . 22 : 38 . 1975 ;

Gaussen , Legr i s , Meher - Homj i , Font al e , Pascal , Chandrahassan , Del acour t , 8 Troy , Trav . Sect . Sci ent . Techn. I nst . Franc . Pond . Hor s14 : 37 8 83 . 1975 ; B l at t er , Ca i us , 8 Mhaskar in Kirt i kar 8 Basu , Ih

di an Med . Pl . , ed . 2 , imp. 2 , 1945 - 1947 , p l . 743 . 1975 ; Mol d P hyt ol ogia 31 : 389 , 390 , 395 , 8 396 (1975 ) and 32 : 46 8 447 . 1975 ; Pan

de 8 Yadava , Labdev . Journ. Sci . Techn. 8 L i f e Sci 13 : 75 . 1975 ;

Sharma , Bul l . Bot . Soc . Bengal 29 : 142 . 1975 ; Anon. , B i ol . Ab st r .

61 : AC1 . 581 . 1976 ; Bennet t , F1 . Howrah Di st . 304 - 305 . 1976 ; V . J .

Chapm. , Mangr . Veg. 3 , 23 , 108 , 109 , 118 , 137 , 149 , 186 , 189 , 8 250 .

1976 ; Fosb Rhodora 78 : 113 . 1976 ; Gunn 8 Denni s , Wor l d Gu i de Trop.

Dr i f t Seeds 211 8 223 . 1976 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 34 : 193 , 258 , 262

269 , 8 273 . 1976 ; Muniappan , Micronesica 12 : 292 . 1976 ; Si nghal ,Vat s , 8 Si ngh , Indi an Journ . Ecol . 3 : 119 - 124 . 1976 ; Soukup , B i ot a11 : 10 . 1976 ; Tal bot , For . F1 . Bomb . , ed . 2 , 356 8 357 . 1976 ; Babu ,

Her b . F1 . Deh ra Dun 20 8 397. 1 977 ; Bose 8 Mondal , B i ol . Abst r . 65 :

3289. 1977 ; Drake del Cast i l l o , I l l ust . F1 . Ins . Mar . Paci f . , imp.

2 , 261 . 1977 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 36 : 48 . 1977 ; Pande 8 Yadava , B i ol .

Abst r . 63 : 4950 . 1977 ; St . John , Phyt ol ogia 36 : 388 . 1977 ; Si nghal ,Vat s , 8 S i ngh , B i ol . Abst r . 64 : 1346 . 1977 ; Souku p , B i ot a 11 : 10 .

1977 ; B . C . St one , Hender son'

s Mal ay . W i l d Fl s . App. 16 . 1977 ; Wal

den, W i l d Fl s . Hong Kong, imp. 1 , p l . 43 , f ig. 111 . 1977 ; Bose , Muk

herj ee , 8 Basu , B i ol . Abst r . 66 : 4502 . 1978 ; Dagar , Si ngh , 8 Mal l ,Ann . Ar i d Zone 17 : 68 - 74 . 1978 ; Hs i ao , F1 . Ta i wan 4 : 420 - 423 , p l .

1058 . 1978 ; Lord , Trees Sh ru b s Aust ral . Gard . , ed . 5 , 191 8 260 .

1978 ; Dagar , Si ngh , 8 Mal l , B i ol . Abst r . 67 : 4667 . 1979 ; Fosb . , Sa

chet , 8 Ol i v . , Micronesica 15 : 234 , 239 , 8 240 . 1979 ; I saacson,

Fl ow . P1 . Ind . 1 : 336 . 1 979 ; F. Muel l . , Descr i p. Not es Papuan P1

44 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

imp. 2 , 10 , 11 , 8 111 . 1979 ; Fosh Ot oned , Sachet , Ol i v . , Powel l , 8Canf i el d , Vasc . P1 . Pal au 38 . 1980 ; Hsi ao , F l . Ta i wan 6 : 121 . 1980 ;J . T . 8 R. Kar t esz , Syn. C heck l i st Vasc . F1 . 2 : 466 . 1980 ; Rox b . ,

Hor t . Beng. , imp. 2 , 46 . 1980 ; B renan , Ind . Kew. Su p p l . 16 : 71 .

1981 ; H i l l ebrand, F1 . Haw. I sl s . , imp. 2 [ C ramer , Repr . U. S . F l oras343 . 1981 ; Hu , Enum, C h i n. Mat . Med. 106 8 218 . 1981 ; Mol d

Phyt ol ogia 48 : 482 . 1981 ; S . Moore , Jou rn. L i nn. Soc . Lond . Bot . 45

378 . 1981 ; Varma , F1 . B hagal pu r Di cot . 309 . 1981 ; B hal l a , Sahu ,

M i sh ra , 8 Dakwal e , Journ. Econ. Tax . Bot . 3 : 27. 1982 ; Mol d . , Phyt o

l ogi a 50 : 252 - 255 , 259 , 8 267 (1982 ) and 51 : 395 . 1982 ; Naskar 8

Baksh i , Journ . Econ . Tax . Bot . 3 : 905 8 908 . 1982 ; Pal i wal 8 Si ngh ,Journ . Econ. Tax . Bot . 3 : 858 . 1982 ; Re i s 8 L i p p , New P1 . SourcesDrugs 251 . 1982 ; E150 1 8 Saenger in Teas , B i ol . Ecol . Mangr . 43 .

1983 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 54 : 239. 1983 ; H . N. 8 A. L . Mol d . in Das

san. 8 Fosb Rev . Handb . F1 . Ceyl . 4 : 411 8 447 - 456 . 1983 ; Raj ,

Rev . Pal aeobot . Palyn . 39 : 358 8 374 . 1983 ; Guha Bak sh i , F1 . Murshi

dabad Di st . 247 - 248 . 1984 ; Wal den 8 Hu , W i l d El s . S . C h i na , imp. 2 ,

10 , 14 , 8 38 , p l . 43 , f i g. 111 . 1984 ; Duke 8 Ayensu , Med . P1 . C h i na2 : 637 . 1985 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 38 , 337 , 338 , 344 , 345 , 404 , 8

458 58 : 190 , 2 13 , 416 , 454 , 8 458 59 : 424 8 428

and 60 : 128 , 135 , 141 , 367 , 368 , 8 495 . 1986 .

I l l ust rat i ons : Rheede , Hort . Mal ab . 5 : pl . 49 . 1685 ; Pet iv . ,

Gazophyl . p l . 42 , f ig. 7 . 1 702 ; Rumpf , Her b . Amboi n . 5 : p l . 46 .

1747 ; Gaer t n. , Fruct . Sem. P1 . pl . 75 , f ig. 1788 ; Jacq . , Col

l ect . Suppl . pl . 4 , f ig. 1 . 1796 ; B l anco , F1 . F i l ip. , ed . 3 , 2 : p l .

224 [ in col or ] . 1878 ; Nieuwenhui s , Ann . Jard . Bot . Buit enz . 21 : p l .

24 , f ig. 44 8 45 . 1907 ; Rechinger , Denkschr . Akad . W iss . W i en 85339 . 1910 ; Doct er s van Leeuwen- Re i j nvaan , Marcel l ia 10 : 70 , f ig. 83

[ gal l s ] . 1911 ; W i gman , Teysmannia 23 : 284 . 1912 ; Basu , I ndi an Med .

Pl . , imp. l , 3 : pl . 743 . 1918 ; Doct er s van Leeuwen- Reijnvaan, Ann.

Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . 37 : pl . 3 , f ig. 8 8 9 . 1927 ; It 6 , Ta i wan Shokubut u Dzuset su [ I l l ust . Formos . Pl . ] 602 . 1928 ; Mul l an , Journ . I ndi anBot . Soc . 1 1 : f ig. 184 - 197 1933 ; Basu , I nd i an Med . P1

imp. 2 , pl . 743 . 1935 ; Kaneh i ra , Formos . Trees , ed . 2 , 650 , f ig.

606 . 1936 ; Fosb . , Journ . N. Y . Bot . Gard . 48 : 135 1947 ; V .

S . Rao , Journ . I ndi an Bot . Soc . 31 : 308 , f ig. 43 - 45 1952 ;

Bor 8 Ra i zada , Some Beaut . I nd i an C l imb . 147 , f ig. 92 . 1954 ; Mol d .

in Humber t , F1 . Madag. 174 : 241 , f ig. 39 . 1956 ; Naval kar , Journ .

Bombay Nat . H i st . Soc . 53 : p l . 3 . 1956 ; Nat araj an, P hyt on 8 : 40 , pl .

3 , f ig. 18 8 19 , 8 41 , p l . 4 . 1957 ; Liu , I l l ust . Nat . I nt rod . L ign.

P1 . Ta i wan 2 : 1216 , p l . 1024 . 1962 ; Graf , E xot i ca 3 : 1480 . 1963 ; L i ,Woody F1 . Ta i wan 828 , f ig. 332 . 1963 ; Mal aviya , P roc . I ndi an Acad .

SC T . f ig. 9 8 10 ,f ig. 25 , 8 p l . 32 (4 )

1963 ; Sharma 8 Muk hopadhyay , Journ. Genet . 58 : 381 , p l . 9 ,

f ig. 9 1963 ; Arach i , P ict . P resent . I ndi an F1 . 160 , f ig.

162 . 1968 ; Arulchel vam, Ceyl . Forest er , ser . 2 , 8 : 83 . 1968 ; Shah ,Canad . Journ . Bot . 46 : 171 , f ig. 3 - 16 , 8 173 , f ig. 19 - 21

1968 ; Corner 8 Wat anabe , I l l ust . Gu i de Trop . P l . 755 . 1969; I hamdar8 Pat el , Be it r . B i ol . l anz . 45 : 405 , f ig. 6 8 7 1969 ;Graf , E xot . P l . Man . , ed . 1 , 541 . 1970 ; Hat US Tma 8 Yosh i naga , Bul l .

Fac . Agr . Kagosh . Uni v . 2 : 1 10 , p l . 16 , f ig. 1 . 1970 ; Sykes , New

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl eaodendaum 45

Zeal . Dept . Sci . Indust . Res . Bu l l . 200 : 272 8 273 , f ig. 24 8 25 .

1970 ; D. R. W . Al exander , Hong Kong Sh rubs 27 [ in col or ] . 1971 ;T h rower , P l . Hongkong 50 [ in col or ] . 1971 ; Huang, Pol l en Fl . Ta i wanpl . 162 , f ig. 7 - 1O 1972 ; Backer , At l as 220 Weeds [ Handb .

Cul t . Sugar -cane p l . 523 . 1973 ; M. R. Henderson , Mal ay . W i l dEl s . Di cot . , imp. 2 , 385 , f ig. 356 A 8 B . 1974 ; Basu , I nd i an Med .

Pl . , imp. 3 , 3 : p l . 743 . 1975 ; Wal den , W i l d Fl s . Hong Kong, imp. 1 ,

p l . 43 , f ig. 111 . 1977 ; H s i ao , F1 . Ta i wan 4 : 422 , pl . 1058 . 1978 ;Wal den 8 Hu , W i l d Fl s . S . C h i na , imp. 2 , pl . 43 , f i g. 111 [ in col or ] .

1984 ; Duke 8 Ayensu , Med . P1 . C h i na 2 : 637 . 1985 .

An erect , rounded , l oosel y b ranched bush or l arge , hel i oph i l ous ,

many- st emmed , b ranched , of t en ramb l i ng, scrambl i ng, or semi - scandentt o scandent , evergreen sh rub , most l y coast al , t o 10 m. t al l or 12 m.

l ong, somet imes prost rat e , somet imes a l arge l i ana cl imb i ng t o 28

m. in t rees , of t en grow i ng in mar i t ime mangrove associ at i ons ; st emt o 4 cm. in d i amet er , hol l ow , dar k - brown t o gray or w h i t i sh - gray ,

smoot h , f i ssured , sof t ; bar k w h i t i sh - gray or pal e t o dar k - brown,

sof t ; wood hard , w h i t e ; sl ash l i gh t - b rown ; branches and branch l et ssl ender , t eret e t o obt usel y or acut el y t et ragonal , l i gh t - bu f f or

gray , somet imes pur p l i sh , very mi nu t el y puberul ent or gl abrous , t u

bercul at e w i t h smal l per s i st ent pet i ol e- bases , weak , di f f use , of t en

pendent , somet imes arcuat e or recl i ni ng and much t angl ed ; nodes not

annul at e ; pr i nc i pal i nt ernodes 2 cm. l ong; l eaves decussat e

Oppos i t e or rarel y t ernat e , aromat i c , very var i ab l e in shape and

s i ze , b i t t er t o t ast e ; pet i ol es sl ender , 4 - l l mm. l ong, subgl ab

rat e , of t en pur p l i sh or red- pur p l e , somet imes l eav i ng promi nentcor ky (but not spi nose ) st er i gmat a af t er be ing shed ; l eaf - b l adest h i n- char t aceous w hen dr i ed , of t en rat her f l eshy w i t h t he venat i onsunken on bot h sur f aces w hen f resh , gl ossy or semi - gl ossy , rat heruniforml y b r i gh t or deep - green on bot h surf aces or dul l dar k or

mid-green above and l i gh t er beneat h , el l i p t i c , el l i p t i c-ob l ong, or

nar row- l anceol at e t o ovat e or obovat e , 2 - 14 cm. l ong, O. 8 - 8 cm.

w i de , qu i t e var i abl e , api cal l y very shor t l y acumi nat e or rounded t oan obt use or b l unt poi nt , margi nal l y ent i re , basal l y acut e , gl ab rat eand sh i ny above , obscurel y pu l verul ent - puberul ent and densel y punc

t at e or gl ab rat e beneat h ; mi dr i b and secondar i es of t en impressed on

f resh l eaves ; ve i nl et ret i cul at i on usual l y spar se and obscure on

bot h sur f aces ; i nf l orescence ax i l l ary or supra- ax i l l ary ; cymes f ew,

sol i t ary, Op pos i t e , borne in t he uppermost l eaf - ax i l s , most l yt r i chot omous , few (most l y 3 - 7 f l owered , cm. l ong, d i varicat e , l oosel y f l owered , t o 7 cm. w i de ; peduncl es sl ender , pat ul ous ,

l . 5 - 4 cm. l ong, shor t er t han t he subt endi ng l eaf , subgl abrat e , of

t en red- pur p l e ; pedicel s sl ender , 5 - 13 mm. l ong, gl abrat e , of t en

red- pur p l e ; l arge b ract s none ; b ract l et s and prOphyl l a f ew, not oh

V ious , l i near - subul at e , l - 3 mm. l ong, borne at t he bases of t he

cyme- b ranches and ped icel s ; f l ower - buds wh i t e , t he pet al s pur p l et i p ped ; f l ower s honeysuckl e- l ike"

, sweet l y f ragrant w i t h a must yodor in t he ear l y morni ng hour s , l at er non- odorous ; cal yx campanul at e , about 4 mm. l ong, green or pal e-green, t he r im 5- t oot hed , t he

t eet h broadl y t r i angul ar , api cal l y acut e ; corol l a hypocrat er i form,

w h i t e or t ouched w i t h pur p l e , t he t ube sl ender , 2 - 3 cm. l ong, of t en

46 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

sul p hur - yel l ow bel ow and pi nk above , gl abrous , ap ical l y amp l i at e and

i nf undi bu l ar , t he l imb 5- l obed or 5- f id , about cm. w i de , t he

l obes obovat e , as l ong as t he t u be ; st amens 4 , di dynamous , l ongex ser t ed (t o abou t f i l ament s sl ender , varyi ng f rommaroon,

cr imson, scar l et , or red t o b l ue , b l u ish - red, magent a , cer i se , or

pur p l e , somet imes green, usual l y basal l y w h i t e , about 3 cm. l ong;ant her s yel l ow or f i nal l y pur p l e- brown, ovat e , composed of 2 t hecae ;st y l e exser t ed , purpl e or maroon t o magent a , pi nk , or b l ue ; st i gma“s imp l e"

; ovary imper f ect l y 4-cel l ed , obsol et el y 4- 1o bed , each cel ll -ovu l at e ; f ru i t drupaceous .

T h i s is a very w i del y d i st r i but ed and pol ymorph i c Speci es of

seashores , sal i ne mar shes and swamps , muddy t i dal r i ver banks , and

t he edges (most l y ) of mangrove f orest s in t rop i cal and su bt rop i calAs i a f rom Pak i st an, I nd i a , Burma , t he Andaman I sl ands , and Sr i Lankaeast ward t o T ha i l and , I ndoch i na , and Mal aya t o t he coast s of Aust ralia and almost t h roughout Pac i f i c Oceani ca , nor t h t o Ha i nan, HongKong, Ta i wan , and t he coast of sout hern C h i na ; i nt roduced in par t sof t he West I ndi es , coast al B raz i l , Za i re , and Maur it i us as a sand

b i nder ; cul t i vat ed in many pl aces in bot h t he east ern and west ernhemi sp heres t o check beach eros i on, in deser t regi ons , and as a

spec imen or t opi ary pl ant .

L i nnaeus or i gi nal l y descr i bed t he speci es as f rom Sr i Lanka and

I ndi a , his hol ot ype hav ing been exami ned by me in t he

L i nnean Her bar i um in London . Jacqu in (1796) and Raeuschel (1797)regarded i t as f rom (east ern) I ndi a . Kurz (1870 ) recorded it f romAberdeen t o Sout h Poi nt in t he Andaman I sl ands , but not es doubt f u lly w i l d

"t here . C hami sso (1832 ) not ed t hat i t was

" Vu l gar i s hor t orum hospes in Russ i an gardens , doub t l ess f rom p l ant s i nt roduced byt he Romanzof f expedi t i on f romcol l ect i ons made on t he i sl ands of

Radack , Guam, and Luzon . He descr i bes t he p l ant as"Suaveol ent es

amoenas arbuscul ae f l ores ornat issimis el egant iae morum l aude Radac

censibus grat o sunt coronament o"

. In 1837 Boj er l i st ed i t as in

cul t ivat i on in t he royal garden at Pampl emousse , Maur i t ius . Loudon(1830 ) i nforms us t hat i t was i nt roduced , as c

, i neame : i nt o Engl i shgardens f rom t he East I nd i es in 1824 and , as C. 6al i ci 60l ium: in

1832 ; Sweet however , gi ves t he dat e of i nt roduct i on, as C.

i neame : as 1692 , al so f rom t he East Indi es , and as bot h C. conomandel ianum and c , neni i ol i um in 1824 , aga i n f rom " E . Ind i esT hwa i t es 8 Hooker (1861 ) refer t o C. i neAme as Very common near

t he sea"

in Sr i Lanka . Fernandez- V i l l ar , in 1880 , l i st s t he spe

c i es f rom Luzon, Mi ndanao , Panay , Cebu , Paragua , Jol o , and Bas i l ani sl ands in t he P h i l i ppi nes . Koorders (1898) l ist s it f rom t hesou t hwest ern part of Cel ebes . Bal four (1885 ) aver s t hat it is

"A

p l ant of I ndia , C h ina , t he Mol uccas , and N. Hol l and". B r i quet

(1895 ) cl a ims t hat i t is onl y cul t i vat ed in Java , but Mi quel (1867)and Koorders 8 Val et on (1900) asser t t hat i t is i ndi genous t here .

B randi s (1906) descr ibes C. i nenmg as A st raggl i ng almost scan

dent evergreen sh rub " grow i ng in" T i dal j ungl es and sea coast of

Bengal and bot h Peni nsul as [ of I ndi a ] f l ower ing t here t h roughoutt he year , but ch ief l y f rom Ju l y t o November .

C l ar ke (1885 ) repor t ed w hat he cal l ed C. i neame f rom onl y" I ndi a

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48 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

i t as cul t i vat ed bot h in Indi a and in Sr i Lanka , recommendi ng i t“for seacoast and moderat el y dry regi ons

". Yuncker (1943) repor t s

i t nat i ve and common on t he sea cl i f f s on Ni ue I sl and. Meeuse 8

Lam (1945 ) gi ve i t s nat ural di st r i but i on as t he Mascarenes t o Pol ynesia St . John, in 1948 , records i t f rom Angaur and Pi ngel ap isl ands i h t he Carol i ne group. Pét el ot , in 1853 , assures us t hat i t

i s Commun dans t out e l'Indochine

". Fosberg (1948) f ound i t on Sai

pan , f ormi ng a mangrove- l i ke associ at i on w i t h Acn06t i chum auneum,Hi bi t cut t i l i a ceu6 ,

and Pa6pal um ui agat um.

Tay l or (1950) l i st s Cl eaodendaum i neame f rom Rongel ap and B i ki niAt ol ls in t he nor t hern Mar shal l I sl ands , where , he says ,

"It i s

ch i ef l y f ound in t he ne i gh bor hood of t he set t l ement s or coconut

pl ant i ngs on t he i sl ands ; but [ i t ] ranges w i del y , t hough not charact er i st ic e i t her of t he dense woodl ands or of t he t i ny more bar reni sl et s .

“ Hara (1959) col l ect ed i t on Tanegashima in t he Sat sunan

group (Ryukyu Arch i pe l ago ) .

Shah (1962 ) repor t s i t f ormi ng dense t h i cket s al ong t he edge of

t he sea creek s on Sal set t e I sl and (near Bombay ) . Ohw i (1965 ) f oundi t on

"Net banks al ong r i ver s but

" rare "

, on Kyushu I sl and (Japan) ,and gi ves i t s overal l d i st r i but i on onl y as Ryu kyus , Formosa , C h i na ,

Burma , Ma l ays i a t o Aust ral i a Hat usima (1966 ) ref er s t o t he p l antas occur r i ng

"In t he l i t t oral bush f rom I nd i a t o N. Aust ral i a ,

Pol ynes i a t h rough Mal ays i a , nor t hwards t o t he Ryukyus Shah (1969)l i st s i t f rom Guj arat ; Sant apau (1967) f rom Saurash t ra ; Sant apau 8

Shah (1969) aga i n f rom Sal set t e I sl and ; and Imandar (1971 ) aga i nf rom Gu jarat , I ndi a . Al exander (1971 ) assert s t hat i t is W i del yd i st r i but ed f rom I ndi a t h rough t ropical As i a and Aust ral i a t o t he

Pac i f i c I sl ands" . Fong and his assoc i at es (1972 ) l ist i t f rom Guam,

w h i l e St one (1967) records i t f rom Romonum I sl and in t he Truk l agoon. Sy kes (1970) f ound i t aga i n on Ni ue I sl and .

Liogier (1965 ) records i t f rom t he West I nd i an i sl and of St .

C ro i x , but Fosberg (1976) cl a ims t hat t h i s record is" rat her unl i ke

ly"

.

Rao (1971 ) l i st s C. i neame among t he st rand shrubs and t rees in

t he I ndi an st at es of Kut ch , Saurash t ra , Gu j arat , Maharash t ra , Mysore , Keral a , Tami l Nadu , Andh ra P radesh , Or i ssa , and West Benga l ,

"of t en st unt ed w hen in t he mid or out er - st rand [ and ] grow i ng undermar i t ime i nf l uences In his 1963 wor k he repor t s f i ndi ng i t growing in wh i t e sand w i t h a bl ack t i nt " in associ at i on w i t h vizgx ne

gundo , sedges , and grasses on consol idat ed sand dunes on RamaswaramI sl and (of f t he coast of Tami l Nadu ) . Rao 8 Raz i (1973 ) l i st i t a

ga i n f romMysore , w here , t hey say , i t f l ower s and f ru i t s dur i ng t hemaj or par t of t he year and is a common hedge p l ant , emi t t i ng

"a fou l

smel l w hen b ru i sed Pal i wal 8 Si ngh (1982 ) record i t f romUt t arPradesh .

We i ner (1971 ) t el l s us t hat t he spec i es i s f requent near t he sea

shore ih t he Tongan I sl ands “and occur s al so f rom I ndi a t h rough Ma

1aya t o Pol ynesi a"

; St . John 8 Smi t h (1971 ) f ound i t grow i ng on t he

rocky coast s of Fut una I sl and . Hor i kawa (1972 ) gi ves i t s dist ribut i on in det a i l on Ta i wan and in t he Ryu kyu I sl ands .

Fosberg and his assoc i at es (1979) repor t i t , as C. i neame var .

1 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl eaodendaum 49

oceani cum, f rom t he Mar i anas I sl ands (Guam, Pagan, Sa i pan, Sar igan,

Rot a , 8 T i ni an) , Carol i ne I sl ands (Angaur , Ant , Babel dach , Dub l on ,

Eaur i p i k , E t al , I f al uk , Kapingamarangi , Kusai e , Lamot rek , Losap,

Lukunor , Moen, Namonu i t o , Ngarakabesang, Nomw i n , Nukuoro , Pal au ,

Pel i l iu , Sat awa l , Sat awan, Sinsorol , P i ngel ap, Pis , Ponape , Tol ,

Truk , Ul i t h i , Oman, 8 Vap) . Mar shal l I sl ands (Ai l uk , Ai l inginae ,

Ai l ingl apal ap, Arno , B i k i ni , Eni wet ok , Jal ui t , Jemo , Kwaj al e i n , Lae ,

Maj uro , Rongel ap, Ujel ang, Ut ir i k , 8 Wot ho) , G i l ber t I sl ands (But ar i t ar i , Nonout i , Onot oa , Tab i t euea , 8 Tarawa ) , and Nauru I sl and .

Lasser and his associ at es (1974 ) record i t as cu l t i vat ed in Venezue

l a .

Jaf r i 8 Ghafoor , in a per sonal communi cat i on t o me , refer t o C.

i neame as A very common hedge p l ant of t he p l a i ns of Si nd and Pun

jab [ Pak i st an] . In Karach i i t t h r i ves wel l . It s cut t i ngs are usedf or p roduci ng new b l ooms ] Almost t h roughout t he year .

T hey f ur t her say of i t : A nat i ve of t he sea coast s of Indi a and Sri

Lanka , i nt roduced and nat ural i zed al ong sea shores of Burma , Aus

t ral ia and C h i na . However , I know of no ev i dence t hat t he speci eswas pur posef ul l y i nt roduced by man in any of t he areas t hey enumerat e ; I feel t hat i t is most cer t ai nl y i ndi genous t here .

Her bst 8 Al l er t on f ound i t t o be a very common pl ant in t he G i lber t I sl ands ; Sol omon 8 George repor t i t common in j ungl e areas on

Ponape ; Ber ry af f i rms t hat i t grows on t he beaches and in t he j ungl eson Sonsorol I sl and "

t o a hei gh t of about 8 f eet On Yap i t i s sa i dby Takamat su t o be common in mo i st p l aces , w h i l e in t he Tongan Is

l ands Set chel l 8 Par ks say t hat i t l i nes t he beach in seas i desh ru b bery " ; in Papua B rass repor t s i t

"a ramb l i ng beach sh rub common

al l al ong t he coast at t he i nner edge of t he mangroves Tay l orf ound i t common in t he Mar shal l I sl ands , w h i l e Henry repor t s i t common on Ta i wan. It is recorded by Rao , Aggarwal , 8 Muk her j ee f romKrusadi and Rameswaram I sl ands of f t he coast s of I ndi a . On t he

Great Bar r i er Reef i t is ref er red t o by St oddar t as common on

Saunder s I sl and , an ex t remel y common st raggl i ng sh rub" on Eagl e 15

l and , and"common on sh i ngl e r i dges

"on t he Two I sl ands Fosberg

found i t l ocal l y common on l agoon beaches"on L i zard I sl and . Fos

berg al so repor t s i t onl y "occas i onal " in t he f orest on st eep l ime

st one b l u f f s on Guam, abundant in soi l der i ved f romcoral l imest onein di st ur bed ground al ong roads i des on Pel i l iu I sl and , occas i ona l t oscat t ered in v i l l age coconut - b readf ru i t p l ant at i ons on Wat t agai Is

l and , and"cl umped t o scat t ered" on savannas on Yap; w i t h E vans he

found i t common in forest s and t he peat y edges of t aro swamps on La

mot rek I sl and . In GuamMoran speaks of i t as a 2-met er t al l shrubw i t h weak of t en recl i ni ng b ranches on coral beaches under Coc06palms" . On Guadal canal Kajewski descr i bes i t as a common seas i desh ru b . On Ha i nan I sl and i t is sa i d by Fung t o be rare "

at t he

edges of cu l t i vat ed f i el ds , w h i l e L i ang descr i bes i t as scandent in

open t h i cket s" and Lau ref er s t o i t as f a i r l y common on dry gent l esl opes in sand

In t he Mar shal l I sl ands t h i s spec i es i s sa i d by Fosberg t o forml ow t h i cket s around abandoned t aro p i t s on Ut iri k I sl and , somet imesformi ng masses t o 2 m. h i gh in old t aro p i t s and f ormi ng l ow

50 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

t h icket s gener al l y t h rough t he coconut groves on Ai l uk I sl and.

Car rol l avers t hat i t i s sa i d t o have been present [ in t he Carol i neI sl ands ] bef ore European cont act

". In t he Mal d i ve I sl ands , accor

di ng t o Fosberg, i t i nhab i t s t he coral soi l of wast e p l aces . Mat hews f ound i t bot h cul t ivat ed and

"w i l d in Saudi Arab i a , t he w i l dpl ant s sa i d t o be escapes f rom t he l o- f oot t al l hedges w i del ypl ant ed t here .

The unnumbered Teij smann col l ect i on, ci t ed bel ow , f rom t he bot ani ca l garden at Bogor (Java ) is sai d t o have been t aken f rom a pl antor i gi nal l y f rom a Bombay ( I ndi a ) garden. The F06beag 1 1000 col l ec

t i on, al so c i t ed bel ow , was t aken f romcu l t i vat ed mat er i al on Fan

ni ng I s l and [ in t he L i ne I sl ands group ] , but t he p l ant s were or i gi nal l y brough t t here f rom t he G i l ber t I sl ands w here t he spec i es i s

nat i ve". The unnumbered Har t l i ng col l ect i on, f rommat er i al grow i ng

at t he New Yor k Bot ani cal Garden , was or i gi nal l y ob t a i ned f rom Par i sin 1902 . The unnumbered Young col l ect i on, al so c i t ed bel ow , was

f rommat er i al cul t i vat ed at C hapman F i el d , F l or i da , f rom seeds col

l ect ed in Honol ul u and p resent ed by Harol d L . Lyon on January 21 ,1921 , or i gi nal l y grown in Honol ul u f rom seeds col l ect ed on P r i nceof Wal es I sl and [Ma l aya ] by J . A. Kusche and sa i d t o have been "A

smal l t ree grow i ng near t he beach t here .

Macbr i de (1959) i s of t he opi ni on t hat t he Ru i z 8 Pavon spec imen ,

i dent i f i ed as rep resent i ng t h i s speci es and presumab l y col l ect ed on

t he coast of Peru , may act ual l y be C. t e66manni Mol d . , but t h i s is

most unl i kel y .

Cl eaodendAum i neame has been repor t ed by var i ous col l ect or s as an

i nhab i t ant of seashores , sa l t mar shes , l ow sand dunes , sand cays ,

r i ver sand- bar s , sal t wat er swamps , rocky headl ands and l imest onecl i f f s , t he edges of b rack i sh canal s and t i dal st reams , and , of

course , t he mangrove assoc i at i on bel t (especi al l y i t s i nner l andwardedge ) , of t en grow i ng in t he f i r st row of woody p l ant s on sandybeaches , at t he edge of l i t t oral scrub , on coast al b l uf f s , in t i dalmud f l at s , on and beh i nd sea wal l s , on coral isl ands , on coralbeaches under coconut s , in l owl and and swamp forest s , al l uv i al f orest s , and t he edges of l agoons and foreshores , but al so in or at t he

edges of l ava f i el ds , on rocky h i l l s i des , al ong open count ry roads ,

"ex posed w i t h no fol i age cover on sunny sandy f l at s "

, on savannas ,

in hedge- t h i cket s near houses , in rel at i vel y open veget at i on al ongst ream bank s , in wet humus at t he edges of canal s , bet weent rees in coast al swamps , in l ow t h icket s and dense forest scrub of

rav i nes , f rom seal evel t o about 80 m. al t i t ude , but nat ural i zed or

cul t i vat ed in areas up t o 1550 m. al t i t ude .

Gooray repor t s t he spec i es common in Sri Lanka , where Wirawan re

f er s t o i t as"a st raggl i ng sh rub " , Fosberg 8 Bal ak r i shnan descr i be

i t as onl y"occas i onal on t he l evees of r i ce f i el ds , and Muel l er

Dombuis cal l s i t" very abundant in t he f i r st row of woody p l ant s on

sandy beaches and par t icul ar l y at t he out er margi n of open beachareas .

0

[ t o be cont i nued]

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON NEOTROPI CAL FLORA, XVI.

NEW TAXA IN THE ESPELETIINAE

Jose Cuat recasas

Department of‘

Bot any, Smi thsonian Inst i t ut ion, Washingt on, D.C.

LIBANOTHAMNUS OCCUL'

I‘

US Cua t r. var. SALOMONII Cua t r. 8: LépezFiguei ras var. nov.

Arbor usque ad 5 m al ta dimidi a parte superiore ramosa. Gemaet erminal es f ol i aque inci pendia dense crasseque f ul vescent i - l ana t o

v i l l osa .

Fol ia al t erna crasse cori acea rigida. Lamina sessi l i s ( 182 8( - 30 ) x —7(- 8)cm, ra t i o 3- A.S( o b l ongo- el l i pt i ca a p i ceobt usa vel subobt use minut e mucrona ta , ci rca basim at t enua ta usquead 20- 1 4(- 12 ) mm l a t i t udem sub i t e angust a t a, margi ne rev ol u t aint egra ; adaxi al e juv eni l i s di l ut e v i l l oso—l anuginea danigue gl ab ral u t escent i - v i ri di s pl us mi nusve v i sci da, cost a angu s t e impressa ,nerv i s l at eral i bus l ev i t er impressi s v i x conspi cui s ; a ba x i al eochraceo—l ana t a i ndument o cra s so dens i s s imo i nt r i ca t i s s imosuperf i ci em t ot am t egent i sed cos t a v al de e l e v a t e rob u s t aconspi cui ssima, nerv i s secundari i s crebri s parum not a t i s sed inf ra

indument um prominent i bus paral l el i s 2- 4 mm int er se di st ant i bus in

angul o (70 80- 90° divergent i bus , venul i s i n re t i cul o prominul o

i nst ruct i s al veol i s modera t i s l ana t i sque. Vagina cml onga api ce robu st a t r i angu l at a i nf erne t u b ul osa ampl ect ent eadaxi al e 1 cm al t a annul ari s , i nt us gl ab ra cr eb re nerv at a ext us

densi ssime f ul vo-v i l l oso- barbat a.

Synf l orescent i ae t ermi nal es corymboi de- pani cul atae congest e

f l ori bundae inf erne f ol i atae superne bract eatae 20- 40 cm l ongae 20

35 cm l atae f ol ia adul ta paul o superant es. Axi s robust us angul at use basi ramosus. Rami al t erni p r i nci pal es 3- 4 robus t i s t r i a t ierect i , vel pa t ent i - erect i prox imal es 18- 2 8 cm l ongi dimi di a vel

t ert i a superiore part e rami f i ca t i corymboso-pani cul at i 8-29 capi t ul a

f erent es, ramuscul i s ul t imi s 1- 3 capi tul i s inst ruct i s. Peduncul iseu pedi cel l i crassi uscul i erect i rect i vel ub i v et u s t i v al derecurvat i - 5 cm l ongi . Axe s rami ramuscul i pedi cel l ique densel ongeque l anat i pil i s tenui bus pl us minusve f l exuosi s int ricat i s ad

5 mm l ongi s vel l ongi ssimi s i nt r i ca t o—barba t i s i ndument o crasso

ochraceo vel ochrol euco inst ruct i s. Fol i a sub t endent i a proximal i acaul i na simi l i a sed brevi ora, l ami na 12- 2 2 x 4 cm, sursumdecrescent i a. Superne bract eae sub t endent e s ov a t o- ob l ongaeacumi na t i ssimae et acut ae 1 11 x 5- 1 cm, pr imumquampeduncu l il ongiores sed mat uri ta te brevi ores.

Ca pi t ul a radi a t a l a t i uscul a 1 10- 131 f l ores f erent i a, l igul i samot i s 17- 22 mm di am, ci rcul o l igul arum30-35 mm, di sco 8- 9 mmdiamet ro. Invol ucrum cupul are ci rca 17 mm al t um dense ful vescens

51

52 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No. l

V i l l oso- l anat um. Phyl l ari a st eril ia pl erumque 8, q uinque ext eri ora

18- 13 x mm crasse her bacea ov at a acuminate concava densi ssimef ul v o- l onge- v i l l osa, al t e r a 9- 8» x 5- 4 mm ov a t o- ob l onge acut aque

su r sum V i l l osa. Phyl l ari a f er t i l i a ext eri ora 8- 6 x 5- 4 mmov a t abrevi t erque acumi na te acuta crasse inembranacea pl uriveni a basi val dei ncr assa t e et i ndu r at a dor sal e sursumque l anugi noso- v i l l osa ,medi al i a int eri oraque 7-6 x 4-3 mm, memb ranacea el l ipt ica cum a picet ri angul at o, a rgu t e nav i cul ari a ampl ect ent i a, pl uri veni a dorso

sursumque p i l osa a p i ce dense bar ba t a p i l i s ri gi di s erect i s ad

mm, omni a egl andul ose. Rece p t acul um pl eno- convexum8- 9 mmdi am

gl a b rum. Pal eae 6 x 2-2 mm, f i rmul e membranaceae pl urivenosae

obl ongae a pi ce t ri angul at o brevi terque api cul at o dorso di st al e dense

bar bat o p i l i s acut i s et obt usiuscul i s Oéi lnm l ongi s i nf erne gl abrae,egl andul atee .

Fl ores r adi i l i gu l at i 2 4- 26 in ca p i t ul o 3- seri a t i . Corol l aal bi da 9- 12 mm l onga, t u bo 1 mm l ongo dense p il oso p i l i s ad 1 mml ongi s hyal ini s obt usi s vel cl avat i s pl usminusve int ri cat i s ; l aminacra s s i us cu l a el l i p t i ca 2 - 3 dent a t e 3- 5 nun l a t e ada xi al e

margi ni busque pa p i l l at e a ba x i al e s pa r se pi l osul a, egl andul at a.

S t yl us 3- 4 mml ongus rami s 1 mm. Achaeni a ext eri ora 3 x x

rmn, obovoide- t r i angul at a api ce t runca te basim versus at tenuat e basi

obt use duobus f aci ebus pl ani s dor sal i conv e xa e t incurva t a ,i nt e r i or a x 2 x mm

, ob l onga q uadrangul at a , carpopodi umcal l osum crassum cyl indraceum mm l ongum.

Fl or es di sci 85- 106 in ca p i t ul o. Corol l a l u t ea vel l ut eol o

v i r i di s 6 mm l onga, t u b ul o mm l ongo s pa r se pi l oso pi l i s

obt usi ssimi s vel parci s cl avat i s O.2-O.6 - 1) mm l ongi s basim versusgl ab ro, l imbo t u bul oso tant um basin parci s pi l i s, l obi s mml ongi s t ri angul at i s dorso paroi s pi l i s obt usi s vel subcl avat i s

CLS mm i nt erdum duobus l opi s abaxi al i bus gl abri s, margi ni bus l ongi

papi l l et i s , haud gl andul i s. Ant herae mm l ongee appendi ci bus

ov a t o- l anceol a t i s mm l ongi s. S t yl us 6 mm s u r sum argu t epepi l l osum api ce emargina t o brevius pa pi l l oso. Nect ari um t ubul osum5- l obat um mm al t um.

Ty p u s : Venez ue l a , Téch i ra : Pi co de Ho rma , l ade ras

occi dent al es , zona paramera 7 .5 km 3 1 SE de Mesa Qu i nt ero, 3100 m;arbol hast e 5 m, t ronco ramoso a part i r de m, hoj a enves pardol eonada, l igul as amar i l l o- pel ides , 11 enero 1985 ,11. 1391112181191 6 AL 119112 11 9 (Hoi ot ypus , US) ; i sot ypus NERF) .Id. smal l i ndi v i dual , st e r i l e , n

Q31335 . Al rededor de pequena

l aguna ce rce Pi co de Horma l ade ra sur , 3000 m, 1 1 I- 1985 , ,L999;

We. 118811218179 ; 6 11. 1190q (US, MERE). Id. pl adt ul as

Var. 9919 709 7111 , an endemi c f orm of Pi co de Hom e mount ai n,di f f er s f r om t he t yp i ca l 9 9 99 1119 19 of Paramo de Qui rora, by t he

el l i pt i c l eaf l amina which i s l ess rest rict ed at i t s base ( 13-20 mmw i de) , and f rom the common f orm f ound at the neighboring Paramo delBatal l o

’

n by the out l ine of the l eaf l amina. It di f f ers al so by the

a b sol u t e l ack of gl ands on t he phyl l a r i e s and p al es , and by t he

l i gh t - yel l ow col or of the ray fl ow ers, which in the typi cal varietyof the Péramo de Qui rora are whi t e or cream. From al l popul at ionsknown t o me of L, 999 11999 , thi s v ari ety f rom t he subparamo regi on

1986 Cuat recasas , Mi scel l aneous not es 53

of Pi co de Horma, di f f ers by i t s dense, t hick , l enat e- barbat e t awnyindument t hat covers t he young part s, t he inf l orescence branchl et s

and the undersurf ace of the l eaves.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT‘

. Thi s new v ar i e ty i s dedi ca t ed t o Ingeni e roAgr6nomo Sal om6n Lo pez Coordi na t or of e Uni dad Técni ca f or a

Conse r v at i on Pr ogram, CADAPE, of St a t e Tach i ra, Venezuel a, who

prov i ded impor t ant l ogi s t i c hel p t o t he col l ect or‘s , incl udi ng

hel icopt er t ransport at i on t o reach t he i sol at ed almost i naccessi bl e

hi l l of Pi co de Horma. Hi s generous hel p f aci l i t a t ed an i ni t i al

expl orat ion by Drs. .L6pez-Figuei ras and Henry Rodriguez , who broughti nt erest ing col l ect ions among them the new variety of Libengtnamnu3here descri bed and ot her ta xa under st udy .

RUILOPEZIA USUBILLAGAE Cua t r. sp. nov.

Caul i s brev i s l ignosus probabi l i t er pauci ramosi s , rami sbrevi bus l i gnosi s omni bu s rosul am mul t i f ol i a t am t ermi nal emef f erent i bus .

Fol ia rigidul e char tacea rosul ate. Lamina 12- 20 cm l onga 3-343cm. l ate el l i pt i co-l anceol at a acuta deorsum at tenuat e basi angusta t abrevem pseudopet i ol um al at um simul ans, basi in v agi nam t riangul arem18- 2u mm l ongem ed 12 - 1H mm l a t am grada t im ampl i a t e, margi neadaxi al i t er v i su i nt egr a vel l ev i t e r cr ena t e , sed dent i cul i s

mucroni f ormi bus minut i s recurvi s t ant um abexi al i t er conspicui s 2-6

1mm int er se di st ant i bus ; superf ici e adaxi al e v i ri di s minut e rugul osacos t a imp ressa rel iqui s ne rv i s paul o not a t i s j uv eni l i s co p i osev il l oso- seri cea pl erumque cost a el bo- seri cea deinde gl abrate tant ump i l i s seri cei s t enui bus sparsi s f ere obsol e t i s muni t a ; a ba x i al ecos t a promi nent i ne r v i s l at eral i bus promi nul i s numerosi s 2 - 14 mmi nt er se di s t ant i bus i naequal i bus i n angul o 50- 60

oascendent i bus

di st al i t er grada t im t enui ori bus e t cum venul i s ana st omosa t i s ,venul i s re t i cul um prominent em f ormant i bus, al veol i s polygonal i bus

prof undi s cum l ena minut e al ba cr i spe repl et i s ; superf ici e abaxi al i

t ot e cum indument o denso sericeo al bi do vel ochrol euco pil i s l ongi ssericei s adpressi s inst ruct o omni no tegent i .

Synf l orescent ia t erminal i s corymboi de pani cul a t e ci rca 56 cml onga 18- 20 cm ampl e ( i n specimine uni co) . .Ax i s f ere t ener sed

rigi dus erect usque copi ose f ol i at o- bract eet us su p ra bas im 5-6 mmdi amet ro, medul osus st r i at us cop i ose subadpresse vel adpresse

v il l oso—seri ceus p il i s 1-3 mm l ongi s st ri ct i s supra basem coni camindurat am geni cul e t i s , ce t e rum ant rorsi s rect i s et pl us mi nusveadpressi s 1-3 mul l ongi s. Pars prox imal i s st e r i l i s ci rca 22 cm l ongaba s i conge s t e f ol i a t a f ol i i s 10- 1 2 spi rel i t er subrosul at i s

inst ruct i s cumvagini s imbricat i s , sursum duobus i nt ernodi s nudi s1 0- 1 2 cm l ongi s . Pa rs f er t i l i s 3” cm l onga duobus r ami si nf eri ori bus in s pecimen incoet i s, int ernodi i s 7-6 cm l ongi s sursumgrada t i nl brev iori bus , r ami s inedi al i bus 15- 1 ” cmi l ongi s 6-7cepi t ul i f eri s, proximal i bus 7- 6 can l ongi s , omni bu s t enui bus

s t ri ol at i s e rect o—pa t ent i bus ; peduncul i s pedi cel l ique l ongi s

greci l i bus 8- 2 0 cm vel usq ue 140 cm l ongi s. Rami ramuscul i

pedi cel l ique densi uscul e ochraceo- v i l l osi p i l i s 1- 2 nun l ongi s

subpet ul i s pl us minusve f l exuosi s. Fol i a al t erna basil ari a st eri l i a

54 P H Y T O L O G I A V01 . 61 , N0 . 1

cum rosul ari a simil ima, in par t e medi a f ol ia (seu bract eae) st eri l iavel subtendent ia et i am simi l ia sed sessil i e ampl ectent i a 16- 12 x 3

cm, su r sum gr adat im brev i ora b r act eosa x 5 x cmovate acut aque ; bract eae su premae obl ongae vel l ineares acutae 30- 12x 5 mm, omnes copiose vil l osee.

Ca pi t ul a radi ate l igul i s amot i s semigl obose 15-18 mmampl e 105128 f l ores f erent i a, ci rcul o l i gul arum ad 25 mm di sco 12 - 1 ” mmdi ame t ro. Inv ol ucrum cu p ul a re ubi compl ana t um ad 2 1 mm di am,subadpresse f ul vescent e v i l l osum. Phyl l ari a s t eri l i a ci rca 9bi se ri ate her bacea angust e ov at o- l anceol ata acumina te api ce cal l oso

acut oque , 1 1- 10 1l 2 - 3 mm, adaxi al e gl a bra mul t i nerva t e nerv i sl at i ci f eri s promi nul i s, aba x i al e dense subadpresse pi l osa p i l i sri gi di s ant rorsi s acut i s ed OJS lnm l ongi s. Phyl l ari a f er t i l i a

ext eri ora st eri l ia simi l ia 10—8 x 3 mm l at e l anceol ate acumina tebasi at tenua te et incrassa t e mul t inervi a, dorsal e dense vel moderat esubadpresse p i l osa , ad ma rgi nem ra r i s minut i ssimi s gl andul i s ,i nt e r i ora 7- 6 x - 2 mm ob l onga su bacu t a t enui t er membranaceaampl ect ent i a i nf e rne crassi ora et gl abrescent i a superne aba xi al eadpresse f usci- v il l osa p il i s acu t i s sed sursummargi neque obt usi s

mm, haud gl andul i s. Rece pt acul um ci rca mm di am gl abrum.

Pal eae membranaceae 7- 6£5 x: 2 mm ampl ect ent e s obov at e- obl ongaedi st al e acu t e t ri angul a t ae dor so su r sumdense adpresseque f ul vopi l osae pi l i s acu t i s sed i n margi ni bus api ceque obt usi ssimi s seu

subcl evat i s 0:L4L2 5 mm l ongi s dimidi e part e proximal i gl abra, haudgl andul i s .

Fl ores margi nal es f eminei l igul at i 3- ser i at i 43-58 in ca pi t ul o.

Corol l a f ortasse al ba v i ol aceo-macul e t a , 6 mm l onga t u bo 1 mml ongo dense hi rsut ul o p i l i s brev i bus ob t usi s cur v a t o- pa t ent i bushyal i ni s seu el b i s mm et pa r oi s pat ul i s acut i s ; l ami nat enui t er membranacea el l ipt ica vel obl ongo- el l i pt i ca api ce obt use 2

3 dent i cul a t a ,- 2 g3 1nm l a t e 6-7 ne r v a t a ba si a per t a a ba x i al e

sparsi s pi l i s ant rorsi s acut i s -0 .ll mm l ongi s. St yl us -3 mm

rami s mm l i nei s s t i gma t i ci s margi nel i bus v al de crassi s.

Achaeni a immat ure ext eri ora 2 - 2 43 x x 1 rmn, a t re argu t epyri f ormi- t riangul ata basi cunea t e acut aque ; i nt e r i ora x 1 mmq uadrangul ate .

Fl or es di sci pseudohermaphrodi t i 62-72 in ca pi t ul o. Corol l al u t ea 5 mm l onga, t u b ul o 2 mm dimi di e par t e su peri or ipu bescent i sparsi s p i l i s hyal i ni s acut i s e t ob t usi s mm;l imb o t u b u l oso b a s im par ci s p i l i s rel iquo gl a b ro ; l ob i s

t ri angul ari bus 1 nun l ongi s dense brunneo—barba t i s pi l i s obt usi s vel

cl avat i s f ul v i s mm l ongi s , margi ni bus adaxi al e papi l l osi s .

Ant herae ci rca 2 nun basi acut e sagi t t at i s a p pendi ce apical i ov atasubacut e CLBS mm l onga. St y l us di s t al e pa p i l l oso- p i l osu s a p i ceacut o t ri angul at o inci so- bi f ido. Nect ari um t ubul osum st rict um 1 mmal t um. Ova ri i rudiment um pedi cul i f ormi 0 .3 mm l ongum.

Ty pus : Venezuel a, Me r i da , Paramo de Ari cagua , 3000 m al t"t ronco l efib so" , 31 Mar 1922 , 1333 1021 ; US, hol otype ; VEN,i sot ype .

The t y pe col l ect i ons of 31 93991113939 hav e been f ormerl yi dent i f ied as t o

.239919913 91 3999933 was described bySt andl ey usi ng s pecimens f rom Pa

’

ramo de La C ri st al i na , Truj i l l o

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

56 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 1

BUILOPEZIA EMMANUELIS Cua t r. sp. nov.

Caul i rosul e monocarpi ca. Caul i s erect us usq ue ad m al t us- 6 cmdi amcum f ol i i s marcescent i bus vel cumvagi ni s f ol i orum

persi st ent ibus compressi ssimi s t ect us. Cor te x rugul osus t ransv erseci ca t ri coso—s t r i at us 3- 4 mm crassu s. S t ra t um l i gnosum 4- 5 mm,i nf e rne usq ue ad 8- 1 2 mm crassum. Rosul a ci rca 70 cm amp l e v i sual b i da. Gemma f ol i aque i nci pi enda al b i s s ima , dense cra s se

adpresseque v il l oso- se r icea.

Fol i a cor i acea r i gi de 113- 56 cm l onga. Lami na 37- 1-18 xcm, l anceol ate sursum augusta t a apice acut a basim versus si ne sensua t t enua t e basi i n br evem pseudope t i ol um angust a t a , margi ne v i suint eger rima sed dent i bus cal l osi s mucroni f ormi bus ret rorsi s muni t a ;adaxi al e cost a angust e l inea ri impressa tant um conspicua, su per f ici edensi ssime adpresse v i l l ose subseri cea, l eporine, pi l i s ci rca2 ) mm i nf e rne pa t ul i s ce t e rum rect i s seri ce i s acut i s ant rorso

adpressi s ; a ba x i al e cost a crasse emi nent i , ne rv i s secundari i s

moderat e prominent i bus 5—8 nun int er se di st ant i bus angul o 115-66o

70)o divergent i bus, ret i cul o venorum v al de el evat o al veol i s rot undi s

vel el l ipt i ci s pe r v i s omni no dense su b l ana t e , p i l i s st ri ct i s

pa t ent i bus di s t al e f l exuosi s i nt ri ca t i sque, ed cos t am pi l i s

ant rorsi s rect i s densi ssimi s i ndument o cr asso adpresse seri ceo

i ns t ruct i s. Pseudope t i ol us pl u s mi nusve al at us 1-u cm l ongus.

V agi na ob l ongo- rect angul ari s a p i ce ob t usa ba sim paul o di l a t at a ,ada xi al e v i r i di s pl ur i ne rva t a , s u rs um api ceque dens i s s imeadpresseque v i l l oso—ser icea deorsum gl ab ra, abaxi al e dense crasseque

se r i ceo- b a r ba t a , p i l i s ad 12 mm l ongi s s t ri ct i ssimi s paral l el eant rosi s i nt er f ol i a adpressi s ; cm l onga 2 cml at e .

Synf l orescent i a t e rmi nal i s corymb i f orme pani cul a t e ampl ef l ori bunda ci rca 60 cm al t a vel probabi l i t er ul t ra. Axi s robust usl i gnosus basi ad 11 cm c rassus , f i st ul osus e t supe rne medul l osus,argut e angul at o- costa t us st riat usque, dense al bo—l anugi nosus e basi

f ol i osus e t co p i ose ramosi s rami s al t erni s. Fol i a proximal i as t er i l i a vel al iquendo f er t i l i a al t e rna numerosa a rosul eri e

simi l ima sed mi nor a , l ami na 2 5- 20 x 21 8- 2 cm su r sum decr escent il anceol a t o- o b l onga acut aque ba si a t t enua t e ses si l i cum v agi namob l ongem product a , sur sum gr ada t im brev i ora et b r act eosa . Ramico pi osi ascendent es , i n specimi ni bus v al de ve t us t i s si cci sque

ef f ract i s t ant um f ragment i s adsunt . Ramul i al t e rni e t pedi cel l idense f ul v o- hi rsut ul i p i l i s t enui bus f l exuosi s ad 2 mm l ongi s

pat ul i s t ect i ; pedi cel l i 1-3 cmi l ongi rigidul i ebract eat i , t ant umbract eae subtendent es l i neari- l anceol at ae acutae hi rsut ul ee 18-7 mnll ongee ad ramul os present es.

Ca pi t ul a radi ate l igul i s amot i s semigl obose vel subgl obose 1012 mm l a t a ,

‘

7u- 12 5 f l ores f erent i a , ci r cul o l i gul arum 20- 25 mm,di sco 9- 10 mm di amet ro. Invol ucrum cupul at um dense v il l osum f uscobrunnescens. Phyl l eri a st eri l i a 6-8, her bacea crassiuscul a l inear il anceol at a vel t ri angul ari- l ineari a, api ce acut i ssima - 8 x -2

mu n 5-7 nerv i s pl us minusve conspi cui s, a baxi al e dense v i l l osa pi l i spl ur i cel l ul er i bus r i gi di s ant rorsi s acut i s mode rate f l exuosi s

l 986 Cuat recasas , M i scel l aneous not es 57

mm l ongi s , e t sparsi s gl andul i s mm l ongi s praedi t a ,adaxi al e gl ab r a. Phyl l ari a f e r t i l i a - LI x 2 mmobovat o-obl onga a pi ce acu t a t e brev i t erque a p i cul a t e pl u s mi nusveconca v a, i nt ima ampl ect ent i a memb r anacea margi ne sca r i osa ba simincra ssa t e dor so preeci pue sursum e t api cem dense hi r t o- barba t a

pi l i s f ere rect i s ant rorsi s acut i s vel obt usiuscul i s

mm l ongi s brunneo—rubescent i bus e t gl andul i s spars i s , margi ni bussursum ci l iat o—pect ina t i s pi l i s obt usiuscul i s.

Recept acul um v al de convexum, sub coni cum, mm di am,

subgl abrum (sparsi ssimi s pi l is). Pal eae -5 x - 2 mm el l ipt icae

api ce see pe i ncurv a at t enua t ae api cul e t ae ampl ect ent e s see pe 3ne r v i s conspi cu i s a b a x i al e s u r s um ant rorso- pi l osa e pi l i s

obt usiuscul i s ad mm l ongi s pl us gl andul i s minut i s int ermi xt i s.Fl ores margi nal es f emine i l i gu l a t i 2 - 3- seri at i 2 A- 30 in

capi t ul o. Corol l a l u t ea 8- 10 mm l onga , t u bo mm l ongo,crasso, dense ant rorso- pi l oso hyal ini s crassi uscul i s obt usi s vel

subcl ava t i s mm l ongi s , api ce i nt erdum a p pendi ce adaxi al i

l i neari erect a 1- 2 mnl l onga obsi t e ; l ami na crassi uscul a ob l ongaapi ce 3- dent a t a deorsumpaul o angu s t a t a a ba x i al e deor sum sparsi s

mi nut i s pi l i s e t gl andul i s , 5-7 nerv i s pl u s mi nusve conspi cui s ,adaxi al e margineque dense argut eque pa p i l l osa papi l l i s rot unda t i s

prominent i bus. St y l us 2 -3 mm rami s compl ana t i s - 1 mm l ongi s

mm l a t i s , l i nei s s t i gma t i ci s cres si ssimi s vi ol acei s. Achaeni a

prysmat i co- obovoi dea argu t i ssime t r i angul ata apice t runcate basi

cuneat a, 2 mm l ongo mm l at a, abaxi al e curvat a.

Fl or es di sci pseudohermaphrodi t i 115- 99 in capi t ul o. Corol l al u t ea - 5 mm l onga, t u b ul o 2 mm l ongo cras si uscul o bas imcrassius adaxi al e sparsi s pi l i s crassi s subcl avat i s vel obt usi s Oéb

(L 5 mm rel iquo gl a bro ; l imbo campanul a t o i nf erne sparsi s pi l i s

obt usi s crassi uscul i s mm, l obi s t ri angul ari bus mml ongi s 1 mm l a t i s margi ne i ncrasse t i s papi l l osi sque adaxi al e

api ceque dense argut eque papi l l osi s papi l l i s ob l ongo- cl avat i s ,a ba x i al e parci s pi l i s obt usi s c r a s si s o. 1 - o.u mm. Ant herae

sul phureae mm l ongee ba si sagi t t a t ae a p pendi ce a p i cal iangu s t e ov a t o- t r i angu l a t a mm l onga . C el l u l aeendot heci al es brevi- rect angul atae cum hodi s ad pari etes t rensversas

horizont al es. Grana pol l i ni s echi na t a mm. St yl u s N-Smm l ongus crassus a pi ce emarginat us dense pepi l l osus papi l l i s

mm l ongi s. Nect ari um t ubul osum mm dent i cul a t um.

Ovari um pedi cul i f orme crassi uscul um mm al t um.

TYpus : Venezuel a, Truj i l l o: Paramo de Las Roses, be t ween La s

Laj as and Bar ro Amari l l o, 2 900- 3000 m, ex t ensi v e open pa ramo z one

wi t h communi t y of 30 11999 3 13 9913 39 39 and 09139 093 sp, t he

vegeta t ion very much damaged by int ermi t ent f i res and grassi ng, t hi s

new s peci es bui l di ng al so a l a rge communi t y of "f rai l ej onal " , t hecaul i rosul as u p t o ‘

1 éi u1 t al l , al l i n v ege t a t i v e st age e xce p t t hecol l ect ed damaged specimen w i t h many bourgeoning new shoot s at the

base of t he ol d i nf l orescence , f l ow ers b r i gh t yel l ow , 8 Mar 1985 ,.Menuel .Lépga=Eizueiras 1 mm .finifiiin 323Q5. (Hol otypus US; i sotypusMERF). Ot her col l ect i ons: Paramo de Les Roses at Barro Amari l l o,2 800 3000 m, damaged s pecimen w i t h i ncompl et e a x i s of cent rali nf l orescence (di st al pa r t l acki ng) , some basal new f l oral shoot s

58 P H Y T O L O G I A

and f ew f l ow e r i ng heads , l i gul es b r i gh t yel l ow , 1 11 Se p t 1985 ,US). Id. id. st eri l e, t runk 30 cmi d i d. t runk 55 cm l ong,

.E19991999 32922 < lED

9 111999219 9111999119119 i s cl osel y rel ated t o R. 19999999919 f romw hi ch i t di f f e r s by t he sha pe and i ndument of t he l eav es. The

b l ades are more l anceol at e and acu t el y at t enua t e ; t he shea t hs are

obl ong or sl igh t ly t rapezoi d and much l onger than wide, in contrast

w i t h t he b road semi or b i cul a r sha pe e xhi b i t ed by t hose of L

19 3999993 13 , and t he ada x i al si de of t he l ami na i s permanent l ydensel y a p p r essed subseri ceous w i t h l epori ne t ouch , rat her t hen

becomi ng gl a b rous as i n 3. 39399999313 . 3 1 9 99 3909113 has al so

na r row e r b l ades , w i t h a rat i o of 9 9-7 : 1 , and t he secondary nerv esh a v e a mor e acu t e de v i a t i on angl e ( AS wherea s i n 3 1

193999993 13 t he rat i o i s 6 6.6 . 1 , and t he de v i at i on angl e 65- 800

.

The invol ucral bract s are al so more narrowl y- l anceol at e, l onger, and

densel y v i l l ous, whereas in 31 1939 9999313 th ey are ovate- acuminate,s parsely v il l ous, and more copiousl y gl andul ar.

3 1 9 993909 113 i s dedi ca t ed t o Dr. Manuel Lopez Fi gue i ras an

i ndef a t i ga bl e e x pl ore r of t he Venezuel an Andes f l ora and my cl ose

col l aborat or in t he Espel et i inee col l ect ing. Th e speci es i s f oundi n communi t i e s nea r t he t op of t he hi l l s a t t he eas t ern end of t he

Cordi l l era of Venezuel a (Paramos of Nepes-Cendefi-RosaS- Jabdn). The

caul i rosul as are of al l s i zes u p t o 1 .5 m. I have seen i t i n

st er i l e st age every t ime that I have been i n t he regi on, especi al l ya t t he Pa

’

r amo del Turmel cl ose t o f orma t i ons of 30119992131 3999 993 13 whi ch domi na t e s some o pen a reas of t he paramo be tweent hi s and Paramo del Jab6n. It seems tha t 3. 9993909113 shares the

area at some more humid de p ressed spot s. Thi s monocarpi c Speci es,

3 99 93909 113 , S imi l ar i n habi t and ecol ogy t o 3 193999993113 end 399199393909 , show s an i nt r iguing rat e of f l ow ering. My associ ates

(mai nl y L6pez Fi guei ras ) , i n s p i t e of re pea t ed v i si t s made almos tyea rl y and i n di f f e r ent mont hs of t he yea r , w e re not a b l e t o f i nd

t he S pecies i n f l ower f or f i f t een years, since t he t ime of our f i rst

observ at i on in 1969. In Ma rch 1985 Manuel L6pez Figuei ras f inal l yre por t ed t ha t t he re t i cent 30119 99 1 13 of t he Pa ramo del Jabdn hadbeen f ound w i t h f l ow ers i n t he Paramo de Las Roses. Onl y one

f l ow e r i ng i ndi v i dual was f ound, sev erel y damaged, w i t h t he

i nf l or escence b r oken by ca t t l e w i t h s t i l l enough bourgeoni ngb ranchl et s and f l owering shoot s avai l abl e f or a prel iminary st udy.

Manuel persi st ed v i si t ing t he area again i n Se pt ember wal ki ng across

ex tensi v e f ormat ions of th e species. He coul d only f ind one other

specimen wi t h a dry, ol d, and damaged cent ral inf l orescence, bearinga f ew f l ow e r s and f rui t s. Thi s f ragment a ry ma t e r i al , i n s p i t e of

l acki ng t he di st al pa r t and most b r anches, show s t he ki nd of

inf l orescence and al l ow s f or a diagnosi s and a f ai r int erpretat ionof the s peci es.

RUILOPEZIA VERGARAE Cuat recasas 1 L6pez-Figuei ras sp. nov.

Caul i rosul e sessi l i s copiosi ss ime f ol i osa ad 60 cm l a t a v i sual bi da et argent eo- se ri cea, caul e b rev i robust o 10- 15 cm l ongo ad 5

1986 Cuat recasas , M iscel l aneous not es 59

cm di am, radi ce axonomorpha parce ramosa.

Fol i a crassa cor i acea sessi l i a 23- 91 cm l onga. Lamina l ineariobl onga vel obl anceol a t o- l i nea r i s vel l i nea r i s subob t usa vel

su bacut a saepe basim versus paul o angust ata sed basi denuo ampl i ate,19- 38 cml onga - 2 cm l a t a

,su pra basim cmmi nima

l at i t udine , margine revol ut a ; adaxi al e crasse densi ssime adpressaque

vest i t a, p il i s seri cei s ci rca 1 mal l ongi s basi rect a pat ent i ssima ad

medi am geni cul at i s pa r te di st al i horizont al i t er ant rorse adpresseque

supe rf i ci e v i su uni f ormi t er pl ana seri cea vel subseri cea inst ruct i s,t ant um rmrvo medi o cum depressione l ineari parum si gnat o; abaxi al ecost a ampl a crassi ssima densi ssime adpresse seri cea, inf ra indument oargut e ret i cul at o- venosa et parci s nerv is secundari i s el evat i s 10—15mm int er se di st ant i bus angul o acut i ssimo ‘5- 20o ascendent i bus

evanescent i busque , ubi q ue dense subadpresse sericea pi l i s - 2 mml ongi s genicul at i s obt ect a sed imo al veol i s candido t oment oso p i l i sbreviori bus seri cei s rect i s pat ul i s spi sse praedi t o. Vagi na crassari gi da i n f ol ia rosul ari a adul t a l at e ovat a usq ue ad 3 x u cm, a pi cesubrot unda t o, al t e ra ov a t o- obl onga vel ob l onga a p i ce ob t uso vel

grada t im a t t enua t a ( 4 1) x (2 - 3 cm, adaxi al e v i r i di sgl abra oonspi cui ssime ne rv at a , abaxi al e Spi sse v il l oso- seri cea.

Synf l orescent ia t ermi nal i s t hyrsoi deo- pani cul a t a v al de ramosaf l or i bundaque ad api cem l at e corymbosa , pl erumque ci rca 1 mal t a.

Axi s robust us st riat us medul l osus et f i st ul osus, basi - 11 cm di am,su r sum gr ada t im angus t a t us , v i su al bo- ci nereus pi l is t enui ssimi sl ongi s e t l ongi ssimi s al b o- seri cei s ni t i di ss imi s ant rorsi s sed

int ri ca t i s v est iment o seri ceo gossypi no subcompresso ubique ad rnodumv el i se r i ceo- arachnoi dei i ns t ruct i s ; i nf e rne v al de vel dense

f ol i at us f ol i i s cum rosul ari bus simi l imi s sed minori bus , 2 0- 2 1-1 xcm

,saepe su pra ba sim vel e t i am e basi ramosu s. Rami

al t erni numerosi erect o—ascendent es, proximal es seepe magi s robust il ongi oresque ad 70 cm l ongi , sursum grada t imminores, di st al es seepebrev es medi al es l ongi ores non at t ingent es. Rami tant um ad ext remumcorymboso-ramul osi , pl erumque nudi vel basal es l ongi ores co p i osef ol iat i ; ramul i corymborum 3- 10 et i am al t erni , - 8 cm. l ongi 6-3ca pi t ul a brevi t er vel l onge pedi cel l at a f erent es, t ant um 1- 9 ramul idi s t al i monoce phal i . Rami pri nci pal es subapi cal es 1- 9 e t i am ad

modum peduncul or ummonoce phal i . Pedi cel l i erect i CL N- N - 5 ) <nn

l ongi . Bract eae subt endent es f ol i aceae cum rami s v al de breviores

prox imal es 2 11- 18 x cm, l anceol at o—l ineares, sursum gradat imminores, medi al es 12- 8 x cm, di st al es l ineares ci rca 20 x 23 mm. Bract eol ae sub t endent es 30- 10 mm l ongee 3 mm l at ae ,l i neares. Bract eae bract eol ae si eu t peduncul i pedi ce l l ique al bov il l oso—l anuginei .

Ca pi t ul a radi ata erect a vel recl ina t a, 100- 180 f l ores f erent i a,l i gul i s amot i s 12 - 17 mm di ang ci rcul o l i gul arum 26-35 0- 90) 1nm

,

di sco (9 10- 16 mm di amet i ent i . Invol ucrum cupul atum dense al bo

f l occoso- l anat um. Phyl l ari a ext eri ora s t eri l i a 8 l i neari

l anceol a t a vel l i nea r i - su bu l at a, acut i ssa , crassi uscul e herbacea,ri didul a, ( 1 11- 12-7 x 1- 2 mm

,aba xi al e densiuscul e barbat o

l anata pi l i s ad 5 mm l ongi s t enui bus i nt ri cat i s, adaxi al e gl abra 3- 5

ne rv i s not a t i s . Phyl l ari a f e r t i l i a angu s t e el l i pt i co- l aceol a t aacuminat a vel acut a pl ana basim incrassa t a, 7- ll.5 x 2 mm et i am

60 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

acumi na t e, 3-5 ne rvat a pl us minusve ampl ect ent i a margine scariosa

dor so su bca r i na t e , brev i t er se r i ceo- v i l l ose su r sum ba rba t a p i l i s- 1 mm subacut i s vel obt usi s. Rece ptacul um convexum ( ll 5-7 mm

di am hi rt ul um p i l i s erect i s mm. Pal eae x mmscariosae dorso brunnescent i regidul o, cwal es subacut ae vel acut ae

l a t e hyal i no- margi na t ae, cost a subcari nat a p i l osul a, 2 - u ne r v i sut roque l a t e r e, su rsum barba t ae p i l i s erect i s acut i s et supremi sob t usi s mm.

Fl ores radi i l igul at i 3- 1 seri at i 2 8—60 in ca pi t ul o. Corol l al u t ea 1 1- 19 mm l onga t u b ul o - 2 nun l ongo dense p i l oso pi l i s

hyal i ni s pa t ul o ascendent i bus , crassi uscul i s obt usi s vel sub

cl avat i s mm l ongi s , ad api cem i nt erdum appendi ce

abaxi al i l i nea r i mm l ongo ; l ami na crassi uscul a f i rmul aangu st e el l i p t i ca a p i ce ob t u sa , 2 - 3- dent a t a , 2 - 3 mm l a t a , 5- 8

ne r v at a , ne r v i s arurant i aco- not a t i s sub t us promi nul i s , a ba x i al es pa r se i nf e rne co p i ose p i l osa p i l i s ob t usi s mm l ongi s ,adaxi al e minut i ssime vel ut ino-pa pi l l osa. Styl us 3- 5 mm l ongus rami s1- 2 mm l ongi s. Achaeni a ext eri ora 2 - 2 .

ll x mm abova t a

t r i angul at a angul is argut i s dorso arcua t o basi acut a, int eriora 2 Jb

3 x 1 mm, obl onga, q uadrangul at a.

Fl or es di sci 68- 1 1111 i n ca p i t ul o. Corol l a l u t ea 437 mml onga, t u b ul o1 2 - 2 .3 rnm angu st o ba si e xce p t a dense pi l osul o pi l i s

ant rorsi s crassi uscul i s obt usi s vel subcl avat i s CL3-Ofl'

nmu l imbot u bul oso- campanul at o t ant um basi parci s pi l i s, l obi s t riangul ari bus

- 1 mm, margi ni bus i ncrassa t i s papi l l osi s aba xi al e parci s pi l isobt usi s mm. Ant herae mm l ongae basi ob t usesagi t t a t ae a p pendi ce ov a t a su bacu t a vel subob t usa ci rca (L 35 mml onga. Styl us -52 mm, api ce paul o di l ata t us coni cus emarginat uspapi l l oso- pi l osul us. Nect ari um t ubul osum crassum mm, minut eob t useque S- dent a t um. Ov ari i rudiment um pedi - cul i f orme 043 |nmal t un.

Typus : Venezuel a, Truj i l l o: Sier ra de Bar bacoas : La Palma,be t w een Ca rache and Agua de Ob i spo, km 10- 15 , seconda ry o peni ngsur rounded by Andean f orest , 2390 m al t . acaul i rosul a, inf l orescence

cent r al , l i gul e s yel l ow , "f ra i l ejon bl ancofl' flApr 1976 , 19991 ;{E1 2991299 12990 (Hol ot ype , US; i sot y pe MERF) . Ski. id. seedl ing f romt he same pop ul a t i on, W 9 (US) . Same l ocal i t y,2 400 m, st e r i l e rose t t e pl us an a x i s of a dea t h synf l orescence , 2 14

May 1980 , £1199r99 9999 1 19p9 k £1299 1999 9 9 999912 99L 2 89BS ( (US ,MERF) . Paramo del Cende , 3300 2 900 m, vet . occi d, acaul i rosul a 70

cm,rosul a 30 cm t al l , l eaf i ndument w hi t e- gr eeni sh syl very

t h roughout , l igul es yel l ow , S peci es rather rare here, 10 Jun 1971 ,

3 Lg’

pez- Eig091933 (US, MERF) . Par amo del Cende’

,

3200 m, acaul i rosul a, synf l orescence cent ral , "f rai l ej on pl ateado dehoj a ancha" 3 1 Ma r 1 979 1999 9 E12 99 19 99para t ypus ) . Pa ramo del Turmal bel ow Pa

’

ramo del Jabon, at Hoyo de

Los Tabanos , 2 500 m, acaul i rosul a, adul t l eav es u p t o 28 mmw i de ,"f rai l ejon pl a t eado hoj 1 ancho" 8 June 1971 , 30139 199 139 3 119992 ;W (US pa ra t y pe) . Id i d , 2 850- 2 800 m, acaul i rosul a ,cent ral synf l orescence pa r t i al ly damaged, paramo be t ween Tres Pozosand H oyo de Los Tabanos , " f r a i l ej on p l a t eado hoj i ancho" ,

M 1 Lm i mm m m afisfl ws,

1986 Cuat recasas , M i scel l aneous not es 61

Builonezi a L em me i s cl osel y rel a t ed t o h iahcnensis f romwhi ch i t mai nly di f f ers by the shape of th e l eaves. Th e l eaf l aminaof L u ggag e i s a f l a t l ami na , ensi f orm, or nar row - obl anceol a t eand ra ther su bobt use at th e apex, usual l y 20-28 cm l ong and - 2 cmw ide , occasi onal l y u p t o 3 cmwi de ; t he l arge rose t t es may hav el eaves u p t o 110 cm l ong; t he l engt h : wi dt h ra t i o v ari es ( 1 1 1 11

abaxi al l y t he nerv at i on i s conspi cuous , a t l eas t i n ol d

l eave s, al t hough of t en t he t hi ck indument conceal s i t . The l eaf

bases in adul t specimens are ov at e or obl ong- ovat e much broader thant he l ami na and wi der t han l onger, e.g. 3 x cm. In

cont rast , t he l aminas i n L jabgngnsis are st ri ct l y narrow- l inear

and acut e at the apex, 10-30 x 3-7 mm, and st rongly revol ut e at the

margi ns , conv ergi ng t o t he midri b ; t he l eaf bases , bei ng narrow l yrectangul ar, obl ong, f l at , almost the same wi dth of the l ami na neverexceedi ng 7(-8) mm w ide. Th e hai rs on t he l eaves are at l east twice

as l ong as in B. m ange. Both species are sil very shining but the

bri gh t nees i s much st ronger i n L jabgngnsis . Bot h speci es be i ngsympa t ri c are f ound si de by si de. 3. 3 m m on sl o pes a t l ow e ral t i t ude than 3, 1 3m which domina tes t he t op of t he hi l l s and

their upper sl opes, as e.g. i n Paramo del Jabdn, Pa'

ramo del Turmal ,and Cende’

. Hi brids are produced in the ecot oni c zone.

The spec i e s i s dedi ca t ed t o Mr . Be r nardi no Ve r ga r a , a

technici an at t he Facul tad de Ci enci as Forest al es, ULA, Merida, whodi scov ered sev eral s peci es i n t he regi on of Los Grana t es and has

ef f i ci ent l y cooperat ed wi t h bot ani s t s and chemi st s i n col l ect i ngEspel et i i nae mat eri al f or scient if i c st udi es.

Ref erences

Ari st equiet a, L. , 19611. Composi t ae in Fl ora de Venezuel a, Vol .10 Caracas.

Smi t h , A. C. M.F. Koch , 1935. The genus Es pe l et i a : a st udyi n phyl ogene t i c t a xonomy. Bri t t oni a 1 1179- 530 , and 2 pl a t es.

New York.

St andl ey, P.C. , 1915. The genus Espel e t i a. Am. Journ. Bot .

- 1185 , f i gs. PI.

Usubi l l aga , Al f redo, 197 14. Quimi ca del f rai l ej on (Espel et i aspp. Mem. II Congr. Venez. Bot . Me r i da, Uni v . Andes pp. 366 3711.

Usubi l l aga , A. T. Nakano, 1979. Kauranoi d Di t e r penes i n

Rui l opez i a ma rgari t a. Pl ant a Medi ca, Journ. Med. Res .- 338.

St ut t gart .

NEOTROPICAL MYRSINACEAE XX

Cyru s L ongwor th Lundell

Direct or , Plan t Science s Lab ora t oryThe Univer s i ty o f Texas a t Dal lasRichardson , Texas 75083- 0688

Ju s t a s t he very di s t inct genu s Icacor ea Aub l . has been

r idicu lou sly submerged as a subgenu s of Ardi s ia Sw . f or genera

t ions , we can al so a s sume tha t t he vagar ie s o f ta x onomis t s wi llre su l t in t he reduct ion of such recen t ly de scr ibed genera a s

Au r i cu l ardi si a Lundel l , Gen t l ea Lundel l , Gr aphardi s i a Lunde ll ,

Oer s t edi an t hu s Lundel l , Ibarraea Lundell , Ama t l an i a Lunde ll ,

and Zuni l i a Lundel l t o subgenera o f Ardi s ia . The trans f er of

t he f ol lowing species i s made t o tha t genu s t o obv ia te t he

incen t ive o f worker s t o under take such unneces sary reduct ionst o subgenera .

ARDISIA ALAJUELAE (Lundel l ) Lunde ll , comb . nov . Icacor eaa l a ju e l ae Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 56 : 1 41 . 1 984 . Cos ta RicaAlber t o M . Brenes 1 5092 (ho lo type , NY) .

ARDISIA ALBIPEDICELLATA Lundell , nom. nov . Icacoreaparv i f ol ia Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a Cos ta RicaWil l iam Burger _ Richard Baker 9628 (hol o type , F) . non Ardi s ia

parv i f ol ia Humb . ex W il ld .

ARDISIA ALBISEPALA (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Au r i cu

l ardi s i a a l b i sepa l a Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 266 . 1 984 . Panama

. Knapp_K . Syt sma _2548 (holo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA AZAHARENSIS Lundell , nom. nov . Aur i cu l ardi s i a

mi croca lyg Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 270 . 1 984 . Cos ta Rica : Rona ldL i e sner e t a l . 1 5575 (ho lo type , LL ) . non Ardi s ia microcalyxLundel l , Wr i gh t i a 4 : 46 . 1 968 .

ARDISIA BEKOMIENSIS (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Icacoreab ekomi ens i s Lundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 56 : 41 4 . 1 984 . Cos ta RicaGerr i t Dav i dse 2 5710 (ho l o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA BRISTANII Lundel l , nom. nov . Aur i cu l ardi s i a

Barv i f l ora Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 271 . 1 984 . Panama : Narcis oBr i s tan 1 236 (holo type , US) . non Ardi s ia parv i f l ora Talb o t .

ARDISIA CHIRIQUIANA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov .

Au r i cu l ardi s i a ch i r igu i ana Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 267 . 1984 .

62

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64 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

ARDISIA FEN IANA Lundel l , nom. nov . Zuni l i a Purpu s i i

Lundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 58 : 491 . 1 985 . Me x ico : C . A, Purpu s 100

(ho lo type , US) . non Ardi s ia Purpu s i i T . S . Brandegee .

ARDISIA GUANACASTENSIS (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov .

Icacor ea guanaca s t ens i s Lundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 56 : 41 5 . 1984 .

Co s ta Rica : G . Dav i dse e t a l . 23307 (h ol o type , LL )

ARDISIA GUINEALENSIS (Lunde l l ) Lundel l , comb . nov .

Icacorea gu inea l ensi s Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 56 : 41 6 . 1984 . Cos taRi ca : Gerr i t Dav i dse G . Her rera Ch . 262 1 5 (holo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA HETEROTRICHA (Lunde ll ) Lunde ll , comb . nov .

Aur i cu l ardi s i a he ter o tr icha Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 268 . 1984 .

Panama : T . M . An ton i o , H . E . Moore F . E . Pu t z 341 7 (hol o type ,

MO) .

ARDISIA H IRSUTISSIMA Lundell , sp . nov . Arb or parva , 4 m.

a l ta , ru f o- h ir su t iss ima , ramu l i s graci l i s ; f ol ia h ir su ta ,

membrana cea , pe t i ola ta , pe t i o l o cr as so , margina t o , 3 —6 mm.

l ongo ; lamina , u t r i nqu e s tella t o—hir su ta , ob longo - lanceola ta v e l

ob l ongo- ob l anceo l a t a ,— 1 5 cm. l onga , 2 cm. la ta , apice

cauda t o- acumina ta , b as i acu t i u scu l a , margine in tegra v e l sub

integra , parce puncta ta ; in f l ore scen t i a termina l i s , crassa ,

dense h ir su ta , pauci f l ora , angu s te panicu la ta , 3 —6 cm. l onga ;f l ores f ruct i f er i gemina t i ; pedicell i cra s s i , dense ru f o - h i r su t i ;sepala ru f o - hir su ta , angu s te lanceo la ta , 3 - 5 mm. longa ,

acumina ta ; ovar ium glabrum, dense ni gropunc t a t um.

Panama : Pr ov . Cocle , Cont inen tal Div ide ab ove El Cope ,

tr opical we t f ore s t , elev . 650 - 750 m. , N ov . 27 , 1 985 , G . de

N ever s , A . Hender son , H . Herrera , G . McPher son L . Brako 6408(hol o type , LL ) , tree , 4 m. , f ru i t s wi th t iny mar oon do t s .

Thr ee species f r om Panama and C os ta Rica , Ardi s ia Neverma nni i Standl Ardi s ia ur s ina Lunde l l , and Ardi s ia h i rsu t i s s imaLundell , are uni qu e i n tha t they are a l l densely h ir su te wi thl ong reddi sh ha ir s wh ich are e i ther s imple or s t ella t e—branched

apica lly .

Ardi s ia hir su t i s s ima , kn own only f rom an imma ture f ru i t ingspecimen , has a reduced inf l orescence wi th f ew pa ired youngf ru i t s , and rela t ively smal l leaves cauda t e- acumina te apica lly .

ARDISIA HORNITOANA Lundell , nom. nov . Icacorea re f le xaLundell , Phy t o l ogi a 56 : 20 . 1984 . Panama : J . P . Fol som, R .

Dre s sler R . Channell 7257 (hol o type , LL ) . non Ardi s ia re f lexaWall .

ARDISIA HUGONENSIS (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Au r i cu

l ardi s i a hugonens i s Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 268 . 1984 . C ol omb iaE . Forer o R . Jaramil l o 281 2 (ho lo type , NY) .

1986 LundeH Neot ropi cal Myaéi naceae 65

ARDISIA INTIBUCANA Lundell , nom. nov . Gen t les lanc i f o l iaLunde ll , Phyt o l ogi a 58 : 273 . 1985 . Hondura s : An t on io Mo l ina R .

Alber t ina R . Mol ina 25547 (h ol o type , F) . non Ardi s ialanci f ol ia Merr il l .

ARDISIA IXCANENSIS (Lundell ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Icacoreaixcanensi s Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 58 : 489 . 1 985 . Mex ico : D. E .

Breedlove 38965 (holo type , Dudley ) .

ARDISIA JAL ISCENSIS (Lundell ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Icacorea

ja l i scens i s Lundell , Phyt o l ogi a 53 : 41 2 . 1 983 . Me x ico : H . H .

Il t i s M . Nee 1 437 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA J ITOTOLANA Lundell , nom. nov . Gen t l ea tenu i sLundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 24 . 1 981 . Mex ico : D. B . Breedlove 23144

(ho l o type , F) . non Ardi s ia tenu i s Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 4 : 1 49 .

1970 .

ARDISIA KNAPPII (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Aur i cu

l ardi s i a Knappi i Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 55 : 235 . 1984 . Panama

S , Knapp 1843 (ho lo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA LATISEPALA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Aur i cu

l ardi s i a l a t i sepa l a Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 269 . 1 984 . Co s ta RicaPe ter H . Raven 21 953A (ho lo type , F) .

ARDISIA LEPTOPODA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Au r i cu

l ardi s i a l egt ogoda Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 57 : 450 . 1985 . Panama

R . L . W i lbur , J . A. Teer i , Rob in Fo s ter 1 31 1 1 (h olo type , F) .

ARDISIA MOL INAE (Lundell ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Gen t l ea

Mo l inae Lunde ll , Wr igh t i a 4 : 1 50 . 1 970 . H onduras : An toni oMol ina R . Alber t ina R . Mol ina 24389 (h ol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA MONTEVERDEANA (Lundell ) Lundel l , comb . nov .

Icacorea mon t ev erdeana Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 57 : 451 . 1985 . Co s taRica : Su zanne Kopt u r SR- 251 (holo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA MORAZANENSIS Lundell , nom. nov . Gent l ea macu la taLundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 58 : 274 . 1985 . H onduras : Ant on i o Mo lina R

Lou i s 0 . Wil l iams , W ill iam C . Burger and Bruce Wa l l en t a 1 6972

(hol o type , F) . non Ardi s ia macu la ta Po i t .

ARDISIA NEBULOSA (Lundel l ) Lundell , comb . nov . Au r i cu

l ardi s i a nebu l osa Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 270 . 1984 . Panama

Kenne th J . Syt sma 1 980 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA NEOHYAL INA Lundel l , nom. nov . Graphardi s i a hya l inaLundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 273 . 1 984 . Co s ta Rica : Thoma s B . Cr oa t43565 (hol o type , LL ) . non Ardi sia hyal ina Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 3

99 . 1 964 .

66 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

ARDISIA NEOMIRANDAE Lundell , nom. nov . Zuni l i a Mi randae

Lundel l , Phy t o l ogi a 58 : 491 . 1985 . Me x ico : Dr . F . Mi randa 7004

(holo type , MBXU) . non Ardi s ia Mi randae Merr il l .

ARDISIA OAXACANA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Icacoreaoaxacana Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 48 . 1982 . Mex ico : S . D. Koch ,

P. _A. Frfi el l 1 2 . Wendt 7951 2 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA OBTUSATA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Graphar

di s i a ob t usa t a Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 59 : 430 . 1 986 . Panama :

S . Mor i 7034 (holo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA PARVIAURICULATA Lunde ll , nom. nov . Gen t l ea

aur icu la ta Lunde ll , Phyt o l ogi a 58 : 273 . 1 985 . Gua tema laJu l ian A. S t eyermark 43277 (hol o type , F) . non Ardi s iaaur icula ta Donn . Sm.

ARDISIA PARVIDENTICULATA Lundell , nom. nov . Icacoreaden t icu la ta Lundell , Phyt o l ogi a 56 : 41 5 . 1 984 . C os ta Rica

2} J . Dryer 1010 (ho l o type , F) . non Ardi s ia dent icu la ta Blume .

ARDISIA PARVIPUNCTATA (Lunde ll ) Lundel l , comb . nov .

Icacorea parv ipunc t a t a Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 274 . 1 984 . Me x icoThoma s B . Croa t 46150 (h olo type , MO) .

ARDISIA PARVISSIMA Lundell , nom. nov . Gen t l ea Earv i f loraLundel l , Wr i gh t i a 5 : 89 . 1 975 . Gua tema la : C . L . LundellEl ia s Contrera s 1 92 1 2 (hol o type , LL ) . non Ardi s ia pa rv i f loraTalb o t .

ARDISIA QUADRATA (Lundel l ) Lundell , comb . nov . Aur iculardi s i a gu adra ta Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 56 : 413 . 1 984 . Co s ta RicaGerr i t Dav i dse , G . Herrera Ch . R . H . Warner 25645 (h ol o type ,

LL ) .

Th i s wa s errone ou sly pub l i shed as Au r i cu l a rdi s i a guadra tu s .

ARDISIA RIOMONTEANA Lundel l , nom. nov . Graphardi s i a

oxyphyl l a Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 59 : 430 . 1 986 . Panama : J . P .

Fol som 3975 (hol o type , LL ) . non Ardi s ia oxyphyl l a Wa ll .

ARDISIA SAMALANA (Lunde ll ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Icacoreasama l ana Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 57 : 451 . 1 985 . Gua temala : Ju l ian

_A. S t eyerma rk 34962 (ho lo type , F) .

ARDISIA SERANOANA (Lunde ll ) Lunde l l , comb . nov . Graphar

di si a seranoana Lundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 59 : 431 . 1 986 . Panama :

J . P . Fol som 4029 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA SORDIDA (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Aur icu lardi s i a sordida Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 272 . 1984 . Co s ta RicaThoma s B . Cr oa t 43538 (hol o type , LL ) .

1986 Lunde1 1 , Neot ropi cal Mynu'

mceae 67

ARDISIA SQUAMATA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Aur icu lardi s i a sguama t a Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 56 : 1 9 . 1 984 . Co s ta RicaWil liam 9 , Burger 6 Rober t g. St ol ze 5853 (hol o type , F) .

ARDISIA STANDLEYI (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Gen t l ea

St andl eyi Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 4 : 69 . 1 968 . Cos ta Rica : ~Pau 1 C .

Standley §_J uv ena1 Valer i o 5061 3 (hol o type , US) .

ARDISIA STEINII Lundel l , nom. nov . Au r i cu l ardi s i a baru ana

Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 267 . 1 984 . Panama : Bruce A . Ste in 1 267

(hol o type , LL ) . non Ardi s ia b aruana Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 6 : 61 .

1979 .

ARDISIA STEVENSII (Lundell ) Lunde ll , comb . nov . Gen t l ea

S t ev ens i i Lundell , Wr i gh t i a 6 : 97 . 1 979 . N icaragua : Warren

Dougla s Stevens 6042 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA TARARIAE Lundell , sp . nov . Arb or parva , 3 - 4 m.

a l ta ; ramu l i gracile s , dense ru f o- fu r f u race i ; f ol ia char tacea ,

pe t i o l a t a ,_pe t i ol o 5- 8 (1 2 ) mm. longo , canal i cu l a t o , sub t u s

f ur furaceo ; lamina angu s te ob l anceo l a t a , 8 —1 3 cm. l onga , 2

cm. la ta , apice subabrupt e a cu ta v e l acu ta , bas i acumina ta ,

supra glabra , sub t u s adpre sse f u r f uracea v e l lepido ta , puncta ta ,

margine sub in tegra v e l den t icu la ta ; i nf l orescen t i a terminal i s ,

panicu la ta , 9- 1 3 cm. l onga , dens i f lora , f ur f uracea ; f lore sS-mer i , umbel la t i v el corymboso—umbella t i ; pedice l l i 4 — 6 mm.

l ongi , pa rce fur f u race i v el gl abra t i ; sepala parva , aur icu la ta ,

ova ta ve l lanceola ta , l . 2 (2) mm. l onga , a cu ta , erosocil ia ta , parce puncta ta , glab ra ; cor o lla glab ra ,

- 4 mm.

l onga ; f ilamenta gracil i s , ca . 2 mm. longa ; an t herae ov a t ae , ca .

mm. l ongae , acumi na t ae v el acu t ae ; ovar ium minu te n igr opuncta tum.

Cos ta Rica : L imon , Cordil lera de Ta lamanca , At lan t ic sl ope ,

Cerr os Tarar ia (l oca l ly known as Tres P icos ) , oak f or e s t on

lower sl opes , elev . 2400 —2600 m. , Sept . 1 0 , 1 984 , G . Dav i dse ,

G . Herrera Ch . M . H . Grayum 28882 (hol o type , LL ) , under s t orytreele t 4 m. ta ll , f lowers pink i sh—wh i te , t he corol la lobeswi th pink do t s , an thers l igh t yell ow .

Two addi t i onal co llect i ons f rom t he same regi on , G . Dav i dse

e t al . 28656 , 29065 (para types , LL ) are re f erab le t o th i sdi s t inct ive f ur f u race ou s tax on .

ARDISIA TOROANA (Lundell ) Lunde ll , comb . nov . Aur icu lardi si a t oroana Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 273 . 1 984 . Panama

T . Ant onio 3079 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA TRIANGULA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Icacoreatr iangula Lundel l , Phyt o l ogi a 56 : 41 7 . 1 984 . C os ta Rica : G .

Herrera. y. 1, A, Chacon 1 579 (hol o type , LL ) .

68 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

ARDISIA USTUPOANA (Lundell ) Lundell , comb . nov . Grapher

di si a u s t upoana Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 59 : 432 . 1 986 . Panama :

W . G . D'Arcy 9535 (hol o type , LL ) .

ARDISIA UTLEYI (Lundel l ) Lundell , comb . nov . IcacoreaUt l eyi Lundell , Phyt ol ogi a 57 : 452 . 1 985 . Co s ta Rica : J ohnand Ka thy Utley 3023 (hol o type , F) .

ARDISIA WARNERI Lundel l , nom. nov . Icacor ea brev ipesLundel l , Phyt ol ogi a 56 : 414 . 1984 . Cos ta Rica : Gerr i t Dav i dse ,

G . Herrera Ch R . H . Warner 25680 (ho l o type , LL ) . non

Ardi s ia brev ipes Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 3 : 97 . 1 964 .

ARDISIA WENDTII (Lundel l ) Lundel l , comb . nov . Ibarraea

Wendt i i Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 46 . 1 982 . Me x ico : Tom Wendt ,

A . Vil lalob os , R . Lara M I . Navarre te 2584 (ho lo type , LL ) .

ARDISIA ZARCEROANA Lundell , nom. nov . Aur i cu l ardi s i a

ses s il i f ol ia Lundel l , Wr i gh t i a 7 : 272 . 1 984 . Co s ta Rica : L ou i s0 . Wi ll iams e t a l . 28998 (hol o type , F) . non Ardi s ia ses s il i f ol iaMez .

BOOK RE V I EWS

Alma L . Mol denke

TRE ES OF T H E SOUT H col l ect ed and organi zed by Gary 0 . Rob i net t e ,

draw i ngs by Susan Van G i eson, v 517 pp. , 500+ b/w draw . lmap. Van Nost rand Re i nhol d , New Yor k , N. Y . 10003 . 1985 .

FromAcacia baél cyana t o Zi zyphua jujubc f or over 200 dec i duousand a f ew evergreen t rees (such as Phoenix spp. and Magnol i a gi an

di gzona ) l i ne draw i ngs on a scal e of l /8 i nch t o 1 f oot are made of

mat ure open-grown t ree specimens (out l i ne , bare- branched and l eaf ed)as t hey woul d (or coul d) appear in l andscape s i t uat i ons . T h i s booki s a uni que des i gn st udi o ref erence"

gi v i ng"a general over v i ew

of t he t rees most commonl y used or f ound in des i gned or const ruct edsout hern l andscape si t uat i ons" and pl anned f or ur ban f orest er s , for

l andscape arch i t ect s and f or pl ant i ng des i gner s .

"Si nce t h i s ap

proach and resource mat er i al (for copy i ng) are new, t h i s book and

ot hers in t he ser i es bel ong in t he l i b rar i es of t he i nvol ved school s ,

uni ver s i t i es and l andscapi ng of f i ces .

F ERNS TO KNOW AND GROW T h i rd Rev i sed and Enl arged Edi t i on of‘The Gardener '

s Fern Book ' by F. Gordon Fost er , x i i i 227 pp44 b/w p hot o . , 656 l ine draw . 4 t ab . T imber P ress , Por t l and ,

Oregon 97225 . 1984 .

T h i s t h i rd edi t i on i s we l comed w i t h t h ree cheer s because of i t s

l arger s i ze , i t s i ncl us i on of more speci es and i l l ust rat i ons , and

i t s l arger range i ncl udi ng many west ern spec i es . The aut hor , l ongknown t o us and l i ke us (unt i l recent l y ) i s an East erner and hi s

fern garden sel ect i ons p rev i ousl y were al so f or t he most par t f or an

east ern garden . The range of t he book i s now f romcoast t o coast .

The aut hor expl a i ns w hat f ern st ruct ures are , how t o i dent i fy t hespec i es , and how t o grow and propagat e t hem in t he garden and in

door s . The i l l ust rat i ons are par t i cul ar l y hel p f ul . T h i s book w i l lsurel y be ap preci at ed by i ndoor and out door gardener s , by l andscapegardener s and by t he hor t i cu l t ure depar tment s of col l eges and uni

versi t ies .

FLOWER EXPRESSIONS Ichiyo School of I kebana by Akihiro Kasuya, 32 pp. , 31 colorpl . 31 match ing b/w l ine draw . . Charles A. Tut t l e Company , Inc. , Rut l and,Vennont 05701-0410. 1986. heavy , shiny paper , pl ast ic spi ral binding.

The color photos of exqui si te arrangement s are t hemsel ves exqui si te as presentedby t he aut hor-headnaster of t h i s school who st resses imaginat ion as an essent ial

69

70 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

part of creat i ve design. Thi s handy sized book shouldmake an ideal l i t t le gi ft foranyone needing

"cheering up

"by looking at somet hing easy to hold and beaut i ful to

contenrflate or as token pr izes in garden club act i v i t ies.

TH E DI FF ERENT FORMS OF F LOW ERS ON P LANTS OF T H E SAME SP E C I ES" byC har l es Darw i n, x x x i i 352 pp. , 15 b/w f ig. 8 38 t ab . , Uni versi t y of C h i cago P ress , C h i cago , I l l i noi s 60637 . 1986 .

paper bound .

T h i s handy i nex pens i ve edi t i on has a new ex p l orat ory f oreword byHer ber t G . Baker . It al so has t he pref ace t o t he repr i nt of 1884 byFranci s Darw i n l i st i ng addi t i onal l i t erat ure on t ri and dimorph i chet erost y l ed and cl ei st ogami c pl ant s . The f i r st edi t i on appeared in

1877. Bot h of t hese ed i t i ons were dedi cat ed t o Asa Gray by Darw i n .

Baker st at es t hat t h i s book "

i s not merel y a bot ani cal cl ass i cbut i s a maj or source of i nformat i on f or present - day wor ker s on t he

reproduct i ve b i ol ogy of p l ant s" . It shoul d be not ed t hat on pages124 and 286 obser vat i ons are made on an AEgiphiZa obdunat a but

t he spec i es here be i ng ref er red t o i s Acgiphi l a abducza Vel l . l

rar i es , b i ol ogy and/or bot any st udent s and t eacher s w i l l surel yprof i t f rom readi ng and/or st udy i ng t h i s impress i ve book .

TH E BOTAN Y OF MAN GROV ES by P . B . Toml i nson, x i i 413 pp. , 84 b/w

mul t i - f ig. w i t h 67 phot o 1 3 t ab . 6 maps . Camb r i dge Uni

vers i t y P ress , Cambr i dge 8 London, U. K New Yor k , 10022 .

N. Y. 1986 .

At t he out set t he aut hor d i f f erent i at es bet ween t he t erm man

grove f or t hose t ropi cal t rees and sh rubs rest r i ct ed t o i nt er t i daland adj acent communi t i es at t he mout h s of r i ver s and

" mangal'f or

t he communi t y t hat cont a i ns mangrove pl ant s . The t ex t deal s w i t ht he f ormer f or ecol ogy , f l or i st i cs , b i ogeography , pl ant st ruct ure ,

f l ower i ng and economi c ut i l i zat i on wh i ch shoul d be t reat ed as a

resource t o be sust a i ned in perpet u i t y " . T hen t here are det a i l eddescr i pt i ons of mangrove pl ant s in 31 more f ami l i es t han j ust t he

Aui ccnniaccac, Combnczaccac, Rhi zOphoaaccac and Sonncnazi accac.

E xcel l ent l y det a i l ed draw i ngs , p hot ographs , descr i p t i ons , ot herspeci al f eat ures , geograp h i c di st r i but i ons and speci es keys maket hi s sect i on cont i nue in val ue as an out st andi ng st udy . T h i s import ant book bel ongs in al l k i nds of b i ol ogi cal , bot ani cal and ecol og

i cal l i b rar i es .

PAC I F I C NORTH W EST GUIDE TO HOM E GARDENING by Ray A. McNei l an A

Mi chel i ne Ronninger , 302 pp. , 141 b/w draw . or draw . i nser t s51 t ab . T imber P ress , Por t l and , Oregon 97225 . 1982 .

paper bound .

For year s t he aut hor s have been assi st i ng gardeners and di rect i ng

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72 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 1

h i st ory , genet i cs , p hysi ol ogy , ecol ogy and geography . The val uab l eappendi x of over a hundred pages gi ves i nformat i on on col l ect i ng,

sl i de and cul t ure preparat i ons , keys for det ermi ni ng h i gher t axa and

manual s for v ar i ous part s of t he wor l d. Si nce t here are but f ew bryol ogi st s in our campus bot any depar tment s , i nt erest ed member s cou ld

eas i l y t each such a cour se w i t h t h i s f i ne cour se book , rat her t hani gnore t h i s f orm of p l ant l i f e al t oget her . Academi c l i brar i esshoul d cer t a i nl y acqu i re t h i s book .

HUASTE C MAYAN ETHNOBOTANY by Jani s B . Al corn, i x 8 982 pp. , 23 b/wf ig. i ncl . 4 maps , 18 t ab 13 grap h s 8 12 p hot o. Uni vers i t yof Texas P ress , Aust i n, P.O. 7819 , Texas 78712 . 1984 .

T h i s det a i l ed t ex t st resses a cul t ural ant h ropol ogi cal approacht o t he Huast ec- Teenek I ndi ans of Mayan or i gi n in great er det a i l t hanmost of t he et hnobot ani cal st udi es of recent year s . E t hnobot ani cali nt eract i ons occur in an open dynami c ecosyst em of nat ural and

soci al component s"and t hey are descr i bed in t he l i v i ng pat t ern of

several f ami l i es in t h i s h i l l y area i nl and f rom t he Gul f of Mex i coand nor t h of Tux pan . P l ant hunt i ng, care and cu l t i vat i on f or t he i rvar i ous uses in t h i s predomi nant l y subs i st ence cul t ure are gi vent h roughout t he t ex t and summar i zed under each p l ant l i st ed al p habetical ly under i t s sc i ent i f i c name . T here i s al so a l i st i ng of t hesepl ant s under t he i r f ami l i es and w i t h t he i r col l ect i on number s . The

book i s prepared by comput er pr i nt - out . It bel ongs in l i b rar i esand t he per sonal possess i on of st udent s and sc i ent i st s in t he ant h

ropol ogy- bot any f i el ds .

A GARDENER TOUC H ED W I T H G ENIUS The L i f e of Lut her Bur bank Re

v i sed edi t i on by Pet er Dreyer , x i i i 8 293 pp. , 14 phot os . 8 1

p1 . Uni ver s i t y of Cal i forni a Press , Los Ange l es 8 Ber ke l ey ,

Cal i f orni a 94720 . 1985 . paper bound .

About a hal f cent ury ago anot her b i ol ogy t eacher and I pa i d a

t our i st v i s i t t o t he Bur bank E x per iment al Gardens in Sant a Rosa . We

l ef t impressed and l aden w i t h i nex pens i ve bags of exper iment alp l ums , apr i cot s , peaches , appl es , et c . t hat ser ved t o rev i ew our

ol d and new l earni ng exper i ences and rev i ved us most del ect ab l y .

Readi ng t h i s book had much t he same ef f ect . The au t hor anal yzesreasonab l y t he exaggerat ed impressi ons pro and con , most l y t aken

f romnewspr i nt but al so f rom Bur bank '

s own cat al ogs [ but what SUC

cessf ul sal es cat al og ever downgraded t he merchand i se?J Had we

known of amp h i di p l oi ds or al l ot et rap l oi ds in hi s t ime , hi s pureb reedi ng hy br i d crosses wou l d not have caused so much t roub l e .

T h i s st udy i s a bal anced ap prai sal of t h i s gi f t ed , pressured per sonw hose cont r i bu t i ons t o hor t i cul t ure have been cons i derab l e . T h i s ist he onl y reasonab l e st udy ex t ant and so deser ves w i de ci rcu l at i on.

1986 Mol denke , Book rev i ews 73

B IOT E C H NOLOG Y I N AGRI CULTURE AND FORESTRY I TRE ES I , edi t ed byV . P . S . Baj aj , x v 8 515 pp. , 130 b/w f ig. i ncl . phot o . 8 86

t ab . Spr i nger - Ver l ag, Ber l i n, He i del berg, 8 New Yor k , N. Y .

10010 . 1 986 .

repl aci ng some of t he ages- ol d pract i cesof b reedi ng, can [ now] and hopef ul l y in t he near f ut ure p roducenovel and improved p l ant s and animal s t hat can bet t er ser ve human

t echni ques of cel l ul ar and su bcel l ul ar engi neer i ng,

such as gene spl i ci ng and recomb i nant DNA, cl oni ng, hybr i domas and

monocl onal ant i bodi es , product i on of human i nsul i n, prot e i n engi neering, i ndust r i al f erment at i on, ar t i f i ci al i nsemi nat i on , cryopreser

vat i on and ovum t ransf er , p l ant t i ssue cul t ure and somat i c hybridi

zat ion, ni t rogen- f i xat i on, phot omass product i on f or b i of uel can

produce improved p l ant s and animal s . T here are 8 chapt er s us i ngt hese t echni ques in connect i on w i t h T i ssue Cu l t ure of At nua Spp.

w i t h Regard t o Symb i oses“

, one w i t h det a i l s on 10 di f f erent f rui tt rees , and one w i t h det ai l s of 13 f orest and nut t rees . T h is i s cer

t ainly an impor t ant pub l i cat i on f or al l ar bor i cul t ure , forest ry ,

f ruct i cu l t u re or i ent ed , wor k i ng and t each ing i nst i t u t i ons . It i s ,

however , ex pens i ve !

A F I E LDMANUAL OF TH E FERNS 8 F ERN-AL L I ES of t he Uni t ed St at es and

Canada by Dav i d B . Lel l inger , i x 8 389 pp. , 26 f ig. 8 45 col orp l . w i t h 412 col or phot o . by A. Mur ray E vans . Smi t h sonian In

st i t ut ion P ress , Wash i ngt on, D. C . 20560 . 1985 .

The aut hor gi ves , bes i des col l ect i ng t echni ques and wel l wor k i ngkeys , an almost t ex t - l i ke and i nt erest i ng i nt roduct i on t o t h i s whol egroup of f asc i nat i ng p l ant s i ncl udi ng cl ass i f i cat i ons , f l or i st i cprov i nces and geograp h i c di st r i but i on, incl udinq di sj unct i ons and

i nt roduct i ons , ecol ogy , anat omy , l i f e cycl es , geol ogic t imes and

evol ut ionary t rees , hy br i di t y compl exes w i t h d i agrams , very l imi t ed

and unw i se f ood and medi c i nal uses , and access t o f ern soci et i es for

t he"smi t t en"

. The hundreds of l ovel y col or p hot os on cent er pl at esusual l y "

cat ch impor t ant charact er i st i cs needed f or i dent i f i cat i on;t hey are keyed by number t o t he s pec i es descr i pt i ons . T h i s bookw i l l al so be needed for col l ege cour ses in i nst i t ut i ons t h roughoutbot h Canada and t he Uni t ed St at es .

B IOLOG Y OF AM P H I B IANS by W i l l i am E . Duel lman 8 L i nda Trueb , x v i i 8670 pp. , 368 b/w f ig. of draws . , p hot os . 8 geog. di st ri b . maps .

McGraw- H i l l Book Company , New York , N. Y . 10020 . 1 986 .

If you are espec i al l y i nt erest ed in any or al l knowl edge aboutAmphi bia , you w i l l need and t reasure t h i s f i ne t ex t and w i l l f i nd a

handy pl ace f or i t on a book shel f nex t t o your now ecl i psed butst i l l very usef ul G . K. Nob l e '

s B i ol ogy of t he Amphi bia of 1931 .

The aut hors are a husband- w i f e t eamon t he st af f of t he Uni ver s i t y

74 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 1

of Kansas , wel l t ravel l ed , w i t h much val uab l e research credi t s, andw i t h t he i l l ust rat i ons t o t he credi t of L . Trueb . The i nformat i onis encycl opedi c in scope but is ar ranged t opi cal l y : i nt roduct i on( h i st or ic 8 p rospect i ve) , l i f e h i st ory (met amorphosi s) , ecol ogy(spec i es di ver s i t y) , morphol ogy- p hys i ol ogy , evolut i on- b i ogeograp hy ,

and cl ass i f i cat i on- p hyl ogeny . Al l l i b rar i es of bio- sci ent i f i clearni ng need t h i s very reasonab l y pr i ced and excel l ent pu b l i cat i on.

TH E L I V I NG P LANET A Por t ra i t of t he Ear t h by Dav i d At t enborough ,320 pp. , 733 f ul l or dou b l e col or p hot o. 8 1 dou b l e col or map.

L i t t l e , B rown 8 Company , Bost on, Massachuset t s 02106 . 1984 .

paper bound .

Sequel t o t he B B C TV and book ser i es L i f e on Ear t h t h i s cop iously and beaut i f ul l y i l l ust rat ed , exce l l ent l y ex p l a i ned and eas i l yread t ex t paral l e l s t he second TV ser i es . It i s composed of 12

chapt er s deal i ng w i t h f urnaces of t he ear t h , t he f rozen wor l d ,

nor t hern forest s , j ungl es , t he sky above , and wor l ds apar t . The

aut hor uses common names f or ease in t he t ex t , but t he i ndex has

t he sc i ent i f i c ones added . T here i s a dou b l e- paged wor l d map col ored t o accord w i t h t he numbered chapt ers . W i t h t he aut hor ' s usualacknow l edgment s i s hi s

"ul t imat el y i ndeb t ed t o t he i nnumerab l e

sc i ent i st s who have l aboured over l i f et imes t o p i ece t oget her coherent descr i pt i ons of animal communi t i es in di f f erent env i ronment s .

T h i s book and" L i f e on Ear t h " not onl y of f er excel l ent rev i ews of

t he TV shows but a l so are wor t hw h i l e ecol ogi cal nat ure book s .

TH E STORY OF T H E EARTH Anon .

TH E AGE OF TH E EARTH by John T hack rayEART H QUAKES by Susanna van Rose

T hese 3 at t ract i ve and i nf ormat i ve paper bound book l et s were f i r stpub l i shed in Engl and a f ew year s ago for t he Inst i t ut e of Geol ogical Sci ences ‘ Museum The t ex t cont ent s are ef fect i vel y organi zedand d i spl ayed by t he Di agram Cor p . Each cons i st s of 68 pages w i t hcaref ul l y ex p l a i ned t ex t and excel l ent i l l ust rat i ons . T hey are now

(1986) be i ng pub l i shed in t he Uni t ed St at es and Canada by Camb r i dgeUni ver s i t y P ress and se l l f or each .

T H E I KE BANA 8 BONSAI 1987 DESK DIARY CAL ENDAR 120 pp. , 58 col orp hot os . C har l es K. Tut t l e Company , Inc Rut l and , Vermont05701- 0410 . 1986 .

The i nnomi nat e comp i l er shoul d be recogni zed for t he excel l entchoi ce of beaut i f ul p l at es wh i ch f ace each week ‘

s pages prov i dedf or ap poi ntment s and/or not es . W hat an ex qu i si t el y p l easant way t o

approach t he new day's responsi b i l i t i es by f i r st seei ng a l ovel y

f l oral ar rangement ! The cal endar is p l anned for i nt ernat i onal use

1986 Mol denke , Book rev i ews 75

w i t h t he mont h s and days wr i t t en in Engl i sh , French , German and

Spani sh . At t he bot t omof each page of i l l ust rat i ons are l i st ed t he

name of t he ar ranger , school , p l ant mat er i al and cont a i ner . T h i s"di ary for engagement s

"was f i r st i ssued in 1950 . It i s f ar t oo

l ovel y t o di scard at year ' s end .

CREAT I NG JAPAN ESE SHOKA" by Pat r i c i a Swerda , Second Pr i nt i ng, 140

pp. , 13 col or pl . , 12 b/w p hot o . p l . 8 9 b/w f ig. C har l es E .

Tut t l e Company , Inc . , Rut l and , Vermont 05701 - 0410 . 1979 .

paper bound .

T h i s del i gh t f ul handsized book i s t he wor k of a very devot ed st u

dent of t h i s t y pe of t he I kebana ar t f ul ar rangement of f l oral di spl ays . For t unat el y t here i s a gl ossary at t he end of t he t ex t . The

i nst ruct i ons are v i r t ual l y reverent l y gi ven w i t h i nt er pret at i ons of

t he meani ngs of al l p l acement s in appropr i at e cont a i ner s . T h i s bookwoul d make an excel l ent gi f t f or an i ndoor gardener who mi gh t l i ket o t ry somet h i ng new yet ever so ol d .

TH E P L EASURES OF ENTOMOLOG Y Por t ra i t s of Insect s and t he Peop l eWho St udy T hem by Howard Ensi gn E vans , 238 pp. , 20 b/w p hot o .

draw . Smi t hsoni an Inst i t ut i on P ress , Wash i ngt on, D. C . 20560 .

1985 . paper bound .

T h i s book i s a charmer , encompassi ng per t i nent b i b l i ograp h i c and

ent omol ogi cal i nformat i on . W i t h t he aut hor ’s t hank s for hel p re

ceived , t here i s al so "f or i nspi rat i on, t o al l t he i nsect s I have

known" . His chapt er s i ncl ude account s of t he l ovebug, f l ea , bol lweev i l , Mormon cr i cket , gypsy mot h , k i l l er bees , b l i st er beet l es ,

medf l y, bee- wol f , mar sh f l i es , mi l k weed bug, t obaccoworm, and homegarden i nsect s . T here are al so chapt er s on (real l y , t r i but es t o)Amer i can ent omol ogi st s f rom t he ear l y year s and now. It i s wonderf ul f or one t o l ove one

's l i f e wor k !

B ETW E EN PAC I F I C T IDES F i f t h Edi t i on by Edward F . Ri cket t s , JackCal v i n 8 Joel W . Hedgpet h , Rev i sed by Dav i d W . P h i l l i ps , x x v i 8652 pp. St anford Uni vers i t y Press , St anford , Cal i forni a 94305 .

1985 .

As l ong as t here are t he Paci f i c t i des on our west ern coast ,

t here shou l d be t h i s f i ne book , cont i nual l y u pdat ed as needed . Wel

come t o t h i s new edi t i on ! It i s enl arged , much enr i ched w i t h ad

di t ional organi sms and act i v i t i es , prov i ded w i t h many new p hot ographs and yet ret a i ni ng much of t he cont ent s and f eel i ng as ex

pressed by Ed Ri cket t s , as i t ough t t o do and st i l l ret a i n t he

or i gi na l 1939 t i t l e . Par t I deal s w i t h t he prot ect ed out er coast s'

rocky shores and sandy beaches ; Par t I I w i t h t he open coast s' rocky

shores and sandy beaches ; Par t 111 descr i bes t he bays and est uar

76 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 1

ies ; Par t I V deal s w i t h w har f pi l i ngs ; and Par t V deal s w it h t he areabet ween and beyond t he t i des . T here i s an out l i ne of major animalt axa and an excel l ent , det ai l ed , annot at ed syst emat i c i ndex new t o

t h i s ed i t i on. T h i s i s an exceedi ngl y val uab l e ref erence and f i el dbook needed by af i c i onados of t h i s ocean

's edge and by i nst i t ut i ons

of h i gher l earni ng t h roughout at l east t h i s regi on.

ATLAS OF HAI RS FOR NEOTROP I CAL MELASTOMATACEAE" by John J . Wurdack .

Smi t hsoni an Cont r i but i ons t o Bot any Number 63 , 80 p p . 8 244 SEN

p hot os . Smi t h soni an Inst i t ut i on P ress , Wash i ngt on , D. C . 20560 .

1986 . Paper bound .

Super b , l arge , ex qu i s i t el y cl ear SEMmi crograp hs show t he ha i rsand background t ex t ure of

"412 t axa represent i ng 66 genera of New

Wor l d Mel aat omat accac Ha i r d i ver s i t y probab l y i s t he resu l t of

evol ut ion for prot ect i on aga i nst ar t h ropod predat or s T here i s a

l i st of 46 t ypes of gl ands and ha i r s . T here i s no adequat e cor rel at i on w i t h cl imat e or edaph i c fact or s Per haps t he g landul arha i r s are of impor t ance in chendcal or mechani cal p rot ect i on, as has

been st udi ed in ot her p l ant f ami l i es .

" T here i s a several - page cat a

l og l i st i ng t he mat er i al st udi ed w i t h p l ant name and aut hor i t y , col

l ect or and number , l ocal i t y of col l ect i on in Cent ral or Sout h America , f i gures i l l ust rat ed and i ndument t ypes . T h i s i s i ndeed a mostval uab l e ref erence st udy .

Announc i ng t he repub l i cat i on of

P LANTS OF TH E B I BL Eby

Harol d N. 8 Alma L . Mol denke

F i r st publ i shed in 1952 by t he schol ar l y C h roni ca Bot ani ca , now byt he unabr i dged repr i nt i ng in 1986 by Dover Publ i cat i ons , 180 Va

r i ck St reet , New Yor k , N. Y . 10014 ; a l so ava i l ab l e f rom t he

aut hor s at 590 Heml ock Avenue N.W. , Cor val l i s , Oregon 97330- 3818aut ographed i f so des i red at pl us f or handl i ng 8sh ipp i ng in U. S . A $3 t o f ore i gn addresses .

The t ex t cons ider s every p l ant and pl ant product ment i oned or re

fer red t o in t he Ki ng James t ransl at i on (t he t ransl at ion mostw i del y read in t he Engl i sh - readi ng wor l d) , and compar i sons w i t hot her wel l - known ver s i ons .

348 pp. , 123 b/w i l l us . , b i b l i ograp hy , i ndexes .

CONTENTS

TURNER , B .L. , Two new species on eratina (Asteraceae

MOLDENKE, H .N Notes on the genus Clerodendrum

(Verbenaceae). XXV

GONZALEZ ELIZONDO, M Una nueva especie de Acourtia

(Asteraceae-Mutisieae) de Durango, Mexico

WARD, D.E . SPELLENBERG , R .W . , Chromosome counts of

SANCHEZ VlNDAS , RE . , Contribuciones al estudio de las mirtaceas

126

SANCHEZ VlNDAS , RE. Contribuciones al estudio de las

mirtaceas mexicanas. II

MOLDENKE , A.L. , Book reviews

Published by Harold N . Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

590 Hemlock Avenue N W .

Corva l lis, Oregon 97330-3818U.S .A.

Price of this number for this volume in advance or

afterclose of the volume; extra to all foreign addresses anddomesticdealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims fornumbers lostin the mail must be made immediately after receipt of the next fol lowingnumber for free replacement ; back volume prices apply if payment is

received after a volume is closed.

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78 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

i s clear ly re l a t ed t o A. cord i f ol i a (B . L . Rob . ) K . 8 R . , a spec i es

wi t h conspi cuous gl andu l ar t r i chome s i n t he capi t u l escence and

possessing strongly cordat e l eaves . As not ed by Mcvaugh (1984 ) t he

A. cordi f ol i a complex i s i n much need of revi si onary st udy but t he

a xon descri bed here , wha t W i t h i t s de l t oi d l eave s and non

gl andul ar capi t ul escence , appears cl ear l y di st inct .

I t i s a pl ea sure t o name t h i s t axon f or t he l a t e J ero ldGrashof f who col l ect ed t he hol ot ype and who

's unpub l i shed doct ora t e

(Grashof f , 1 972 ) on t he Nort h Ameri can St ev i as i s t he most i nci si ve

st udy of t hat di f f i cul t genus t o da t e .

AGERATINA SUNDBERGI I B . L . Turner , sp. nov . F i g. 1

A . acu t i dent a t a accedens sed f o l i i s l a t i or i bus , pe t i o l i s

breV i ori bus , capi t ul i s magni or i bus .

Erect perenni a l herb s 50- 70 cm h i gh . St ems S i mpl e , t ere t e ,

st ri at e , purpl i sh , coarsel y puberul ent . leaves opposi t e , most l y 3

5 cm l ong, cm wi de ; pe t i ol es 1 - 2 mm long; b l ades ova t e

e l l ipt i c , 1 t o 2 t i mes a s long a s wi de , somewha t l ea t hery,

sparse l y puberu l ent above and b e l ow a long t he ve i ns , 3- 5 nerva t e

f rom t he base t o somewha t pi nna t el y ret i cul a t e , t he margi ns rat her

even l y serr at e . Heads 30—60 in t ermi na l rounded corymbose pani cles3- 6 cm hi gh , 10- 15 cm across , t he ult ima t e peduncl es 3- 1 0 mm long.

Invol ucre t urb inat e , sub imbr i cat e , 2- 3 ser i at e , 6—7 mm hi gh , bract s

1 0- 1 2 , l anceol a t e , 1 - 2 nerva t e , 3—7 mm long, mm wi de ,

puberu l ent . Recept ac le pl ane , gl ab rous . F lore t s 8- 1 6 per head ;

coro l l a s t ub u l ar , wh i t e , 5- 6 mm l ong, glab rous or near l y so .

Ant hers ca 2 mm l ong. St yl e branches papi l lose , somewhat enl arged

a t t he apex . Achenes b l ack , co lumna r , mm long, spar se l yC i l i a t e , t he podocarp marked l y di f f erent i a t ed ; pappus o f ca 2 5

whi t e , f l at t ened , rat her per5 1 st ent barbel l at e bri st l es,

mml ong.

TYPE : MEXICO. DURANGO: Mpio. Durango , 41 mi WSW of Durango

a l ong h i ghway 40 , mi E of La s Ad j unt a s ; on sands t one i n oak

pi ne-madrone f orest s , 27 Sep 1 984 , Scot t Sundberg Mat t Lavm 2894

(holot ype TEX; i sot ype MEDCU).

Addi t i ona l col l ect i on exammed : DURANGO. Mpi o. Mezqui t al , ca

1 0 km f rom La Gua jol ot a , pi ne—oak f orest , 30 Sep 1985 , I . So l i s 406

The spe0 1 es be l ongs t o t he subgenus Neogreene l l a and i s

appa rent l y mos t close l y re l a t ed t o Agera t i na acu t i dent a t a (B . L .

Rob . ) K . R . wh i ch , i n my opi n i on , i ncl udes A; durangen3 1 s (B . L .

Rob . ) K. 8 R. Agerat i na sundbergi i i s readi l y di st i ngm shed by i t s

much l arge r heads and b roader l eaves wi t h short er pet i oles .

1986 Turner , Two new S pec i es 79

I t i s a pleasure t o name t he t axon f or Dr . Scot t Sundberg,

promi smg synant herologi st whose speci a l i t y i s t he genus As t er . I

grat ef ul t o Dr . C. Johnst on f or t he la t i n di agnoses .

CITED

Gra shof f , J . 1 972 . A sys t ema t i c s t udy of t he Nor t h and Cent ra lAmer i can speci es of St ev i a . Doct ora l Di ssera t i cn , The

Uni versi t y of Texas , Aust i n.

Mcvaugh , R. 1 984. Flora c c—Ga l ec1 ana 1 2 : 1 - 1 157.

80 P H Y T O L O G I A

Fig I Ageroimo sundbergLi, from holotype

Turner , Two new speci es

Fig 2 AGERAT lNA GRASHOFFH,f rom holotype

NOT ES ON T H E G E NUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . X X V

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Burm.

Addi t i onal 8 emended b i b l i ography : W i gh t , Icon. P l . Indiae Or i ent . ,

imp. l , 4 12 8 13 , pl . 1471 - I473 . 1849 ; J . G . Baker , Journ .

L i nn. Soc . Lond . Bot . 22 : 482 8 513 . 1887 ; C . 8 . C l ar ke , Journ. L i nn.

Soc . Lond . Bot . 25 : 57 . 1890 ; Pammel , Man. Poi son . Pl . , ed . 2 , 65 ,

708 , 857 , 858 , 8 932 . 1911 ; Schuber t , Cont r i b . Gray Her b . 154 : 23 .

1945 ; Mol d . in G l eason, New B r i t t . Br . I l l ust . Fl . 3 : 137 8 138 .

1952 ; Verdcourt , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . 1953 : l l 9 - 120 . 1953 ; Bar t on,

C heung, C ross , Jackman, 8 Mar t i n- Sm. , Journ. C hem. Soc . 1961 : 5061

5073 . 1961 ; Bar t on, C heung, C ross , Jackman , 8 Mar t i n- Sm. , P roc . C hem.

Soc . 1961 : 76 - 78 . 1961 ; Sim, Hamor , Paul , 8 Rober t son, P roc . C hem.

Soc . 1 961 : 75 - 76 . 1961 ; Oakes 8 But cher , U. S . Dep t . Agr . Mi sc .

Pub l . 882 : 90 . 1962 ; Paul , Sim, Hamor , 8 Rober t son, Journ. C hem. Soc .

1962 : 4133 - 4l 45 . 1962 ; W i gh t , Icon . P l . Indiae Or i ent . , imp. 2 , 4

[ C ramer 8 Swan, H i st . Nat C l ass . 12 - 13 , p l . 147l - 1473 . 1963 ;Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 61 : 22 50 . 1986 .

CLERODENDRUM INERME (L . ) Gaer t n .

Addi t i onal b i b l i ography : Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 61 : 23 - 25 8 30 - 50 .

1986 .

In Papua t h i s spec i es i s descr i bed by C rof t 8 V i nes as a scrambl i ng sh ru b at t he wat er ' s edge in l ow al t i t ude swamp forest s in t he

r i ver t i dal zone . In Hong Kong i t is sa i d by Al exander (1971 ) t ot h r i ve "

al ong seashores and on l owl ands" , T h rower (1971 ) repor t s i t

rest r i ct ed t o coast al assoc i at ed w i t h mangroves"

,

and Team ref ers t o i t as"a semi - woody cl imber t o 5 feet f a i r l y com

mon but scat t ered in dry sandy soi l “.

In I ndi a , accordi ng t o Naskar 8 Bakshu i t grows in associat i on w i t h Acanxhua sp. , CeALOpa sp. , Phoenix Sp and Rhi zophoaasp. in

" r i dge f orest s and Dagar 8 hi s assoc i at es (1978 ) repor t t hati t regenerat es f rom ex posed root s in badl y eroded hab i t at s in Mad

hya P radesh . Rao 8 Sast ry (1972 ) f ound i t t o be a const i t uent of t he

middl e mi xed zone of t he st rand veget at i on in west ern I ndi a "

, growing al ong w i t h Cd OIJ‘

LOpLé gigant ea R. Br . , CappaJu'

A decidua (Forsk . )EdQW Senna i ncana Cav . , Seai coat oma pauci fit onum St ock s , and Tamanixt houpi e Fol e . Naval kar (1961 ) f ound i t grow i ng in t he 7t h (most dist ant f rom t he sea ) st age of success i on zone in t he mangrove swamps of

Sal set t e I sl and (Bombay ) , an area of i ncreas i ng ar i di t y and veryl it t l e sal i nity . Pur i (1960 ) found i t in t he t h i rd st ory of smal lt rees and sh ru bs in nor t hern Kanara ; Pra in (1891 ) found it comp r i s i nga par t of a common sea- f ace j ungl e- f ence i ns ide of f i r st and second

beach forest l i nes at t he edge of t he Coco group of i sl ands . Sal danna refer s t o i t as a common under sh rub in Mysore .

Sedgw i ck 8 Bel l found Ct eaodendnum Lneame grow i ng in a regi on of

115 inches of annual ra inf al l in Bombay . In t he same area Sant apau82

1986 Mol denke , Not es onCi enodendnum 83

(on Sant apau 21320) says of t he p l ant : a l arge sh ru b , t he l eavesremar kab l y smal l for t he speci es , but t he b ranches w hen grown in t heUni ver s i ty Compound gi ve l eaves of t he normal s i ze his no. 142. 13H

was col l ect ed "at h i ghwat er l imi t The p l ant is commonl y used as a

hedge in Bombay.

Arora 8 Aggarwal in wr i t i ng of t h i s speci es in I ndi a , de

scr i be i t as occasi onal on t he ma i n st rand t h i cket s of t h i s spe

c i es fol l ow Acani hua i i i cifloiiua as most common on muddy bank sfound w it h Dennis ui i gi noaa and Pnemna obiuaifloi ia in t h i cket s of

Scaevoia t accada al ong r iver backwat er s w it h Pnemna and Cat aphyi

gum Lnophyfifium in very l i gh t gray soi l w i t hout any cl ay w i t h Pnemna and Dennis i t makes a dense cover above hight ide mark and sal tspray i t occur s beh i nd t he Ipomoea pea

- capnae zone or in associ at i on w i t h I. pea

- capnae in dul l w h i t e soi l . Prain wr i t i ng of

i t in Bengal and t he Sundr ibuns [ Bangl adesh ] , descr i bes i t as A

st raggl i ng, l i t t oral sh rub of muddy shores in C h i t t agong he ref er st o i t as A bushy , l i t t oral sh rub of rocky shores on t he seacoast

".

Sebast ine 8 E l l i s (1967) repor t i t common in Madras near roads and

pat hways al ong w i t h Vi t ex negundo and Fi ena benghai enaia . Rao and

his associ at es (1963) descr i be i t as a deni zen of" i nl and sandy hab i

t at s i nt er spersed among domi nant s on t he Krusadi I sl ands . Gaussen

and his assoc i at es (1964 ) ref er t o i t as grow i ng on bank s of sal tswamp sal i ne marshes and hal op h i l ous pseudost eppe

".

In I ndoch i na i t is sa i d by Squ i res t o grow in sal ty t i de wat erat Hue . Har t l ey and his associ at es (1973 ) descr i be i t as a Woodycl imber in scrub back of [ t he ] ocean beach at Huon Gu l f , c i t i ngt he i r noa . 974 1 8 11068. Hu f ound i t t o be very common al ong rockyshores on Tamon I sl and (near Hong Kong) .

Ha l l ier (1918) repor t s f i ndi ng C. i nenme on Luzon I sl and in t he

Ph i l i ppi nes , grow i ng w i t h Ipomoea bi i oba Forsk Canavai i a sp

Enyi hni na sp. , Pongamia giabna Vent . , Caeaaipi ni a nuga Ai t C. bon

ducei ia F l emi ng, Hi biscus i i i i aceua L . , Tenmi nai i a cai appa L Sina

pnani hua sp. , et c . on t he st rand at Sub ic Bay . On Yap he f ound i t

grow i ng on Pandanai st e ppe .

In New Gu i nea Gray 8 F l oyd descr i be i t as scandent al ong r i verbank s w h i l e Mckee cal l s it a cl imber at t he edge of mangroveswamps" and

"

st raggl i ng t h rough mangrove t rees t o 15 f eet t al l " ,

wh i l e B rass ref er s t o i t as a l arge rambl ing sh rub common in st randf orest s" . Mer r il l t el l s us t hat i t is a smal l sh rub common t h roughout t he P h i l ippi nes in sal t wat er swamps al ong t he seacoast .

In t he Paci f i c Oceani ca regi on Fosberg f ound t h i s p l ant abundanton di ssect ed l imest one ,

"an ex t ens i ve v i ne- l i ke sh rub pendent over

l imest one cl i f f s" on Nauru I sl and ; in t he Mar shal l I sl ands he de

scr i bes i t as a l ow scramb l i ng sh rub f ormi ng l ow t h i cket s general l yt h roughout coconut groves , around abandoned t aro p i t s , and in t angl edmasses up t o 3 m. t al l al ong t he i nner edge of beach scrub . On Dub

l on I sl and he encount ered i t on st eep wooded l pes and r i dges , par

t ial ly cl eared and cul t i vat ed bel ow , near t he l ower edge of t he for

est , and on Pis I sl and he refer s t o i t as a scramb l i ng sh rub f ormi ngt h icket s in f l at coral sand and rock subst rat um, most l y pl ant ed w i t hcoconut s , w i t h a dense b rushy under st ory t oward t he out er beach of

Scaeuoia mi xed w i t h ot her shrubs , Mei oenachmi dia f r i ngi ng t he wet

84 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

beach Canf i el d ref ers t o i t on Pel el i u I sl and as a common l i ana at

t he border of swamps in l imest one soi l , grow i ng w i t h Acnoat i chum,Hi biscus zigzaccux L . , Ipomoea ,

and Dennis ; on Manau l i I sl and Fosbergcal l s i t

" l ocal on l agoon beach r i dges in a mosa i c of hal ophy t i c veget at ion on l ow sand i sl ands "

. Raul er son, on Pagan ( in t he Mar ianaI sl ands ) cal l s i t a common sprawl i ng sh rub in st rand veget at i on but

rare el sewhere .

"

Nierl ing, on Werua I sl and , encount ered C. i nenme in t h i cket s in

b readf ru i t -coconut p l ant at i ons cover i ng l imest one rock and on coralrub b l e bank s of a i oapenma chamiaaonia pi t s , l ocal l y abundant and

p rof usel y f l ower i ng. Fosberg 8 E vans , on Lamot rek I sl and , repor t i t

common in f orest s and t he peat y edges of t aro swamps in i nt er i orcoconut - b readf ru i t pl ant i ngs , and , on Krakat oa I sl and , onl y rare on

f l at s of ci nder s and vol cani c sand and ash at t he base of c i ndercones . Fosberg, Fal anruw, 8 Sachet (1975 ) ref er t o i t as a

"common

component of undergrowt h in semi - shade on Pagan and Sarigan I sl ands .

St . John (1977) f ound i t grow i ng in vol cani c so i l , dry forest s on

r i dges , and secondgrowt h f orest s in t he Tongan I sl ands . Hosaka re

f er s t o i t as a const i t uent of t he swamp forest assoc i at i on on Moen

I sl and .

In t he G i l ber t I sl ands Mou l descr i bes C. i nenme as t endi ng t o be

v i nel i ke in hab i t in t h i cket s of palms , Guei i anda ,and Scaevoia . On

Sa i pan i t i s sa i d by Fosberg t o be an abundant semi - scandent sh ru bformi ng l arge masses in swamps w i t h Acnoai i chum auneum, Hi bi scus i i i

iaceua ,and a f ew l arge t rees of Cai uani na equiaei ifloi ia . In New

B r i t a i n C rof t 8 Kat i k f ound i t col oni z i ng t he crest s of peb b l e beachareas w here t he soi l i s Sparse t o non- ex i st ent , t he l eaf - l i t t erspar se , and ex posure i s t o sea spray . E vand repor t s i t grow i ng on

coral p l at forms j ust above h i gh t i de on Guam, st raggl i ng t h rough t hebranches of l arge Banni ngi onia aai ai i ca t rees . Long repor t s i t common in Ani ocanpua p l ant at i ons in t he Cent ral Paci f i c I sl andsHul l I sl and . In t he G i l ber t I sl ands , accordi ng t o Her bst 8 Al l er t on,

t he Speci es i s cul t i vat ed , be i ng propagat ed by cut t i ngs because i t

set s f ew seeds t here .

Araujo repor t s i t f rom Rio de Jane i ro (B raz i l ) , w here it formandopequenas mo i t as ent re Cypenaceae na or l a do manque

Col l ect or s have encount ered Ci enodendnum i nenme in f l ower and in

f ru i t in every mont h of t he year , and several aut hor s al so asser tt h i s as f act Shah 8 al . (1971 ) in Gu3arat ] . Rao 8 Raz i (1973 )asser t t hat i t f l ower s and f ru i t s t h roughout t he major par t of t he

year in Mysore ; Pat el (1968 , 1971 ) says almost t h roughout t he year ,but most l y f rom Ju l y t o November " in Mel ghat and f rom Ju l y t o Oct o

ber in Guj arat . Bor 8 Ra i zada (1954 ) al so say t h roughout t he year ,but ch i ef l y Jul y t o November " . Rox burgh (1874 ) asser t s t hat in Indi ai t b l ooms ch i ef l y in t he col d season

"

; Al exander (1971 ) found t hatin Hong Kong i t b l ooms in summer " .

Mul l an (1933 ) t el l s us t hat "

Ci enodendnon i nenme , Gaer t n. is a

st raggl i ng sh rub w h i ch is of t en found al ong w i t h t he mangroves on

t he verge of h i gh - wat er mar k w here i t s root s are washed by t he r i si ngt i des . It t h r i ves equal l y on wet or dry sal i ne soi l , as wel l as un

der mesop hy t i c condi t i ons . A p l ant was t aken f rom t he sea- shore and

cul t i vat ed under mesop hy t i c condi t i ons for t en mont hs . F igs . 184 and

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

86 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

sh rub " . On Whisi i en w. i 882 i t i s sa i d t o have been a h i gh -cl imb i ngscandent shrub “

, w h i l e on Liang 62947, f rom Ha i nan , i t was scandent

on sh ru bs in open t h i cket s Sineimann 8 St one LAE. 53607 bear a l a

bel descr i b i ng t he pl ant as an ep i p hy t e In t he Sol omon I sl ands(on New Georgi a I sl and) i t i s descr i bed by Maunu

's as

"a cl imber

reach i ng 40 f eet above ground in wel l -dra i ned secondary f orest s" ; on

St ephens 55 i t i s cal l ed a" woody v i ne 25 - 3O f eet l ong on Taam

1341 i t i s sa i d t o be"cl imb i ng t o 5 f eet on Vanpnuk 839 i t is a

p rost rat e sh rub 2 f eet h igh , 5 f eet l ongAccordi ng t o MacMi l l an (1943 ) in I nd i a and Sr i Lanka t he t ree

f orm is cal l et pi nar i wh i l e t he sh rubby f orm i s known as wal

gurenda t he very di st i nct names imp l yi ng t hat t he two f orms are

recogni zed by t he nat i ves as be i ng qu i t e di st i nct and di f ferent .

Ci enodendnum i nenme i s descr i bed as a scramb l i ng sh rub " on Enis

t ot 2343 and Yunchen 9733 ; as a scandent sh ru b on Bnisi oi 1997 8

2383, Heni y 8 Fnodi n NGF. 27267, Lampaneux 4867, Liang 62887, Smi t h

1187, Whisi i en w. i33z, and Vunchen 9733; and as a“sprawl i ng her b

"on

Fonbes 54986 and Pasoeng 8 Baiahnishnan 53627. In Guam i t i s report ed oh Monan 4550 t o be scramb l i ng 2 m. sh rub f ormi ng t h i cket s

". In

t he F i j i I sl ands Degenen 8 0ndonez 14191 was t aken f rom a"t ree 5 m.

t al l but Degenen 14958 was a"sh rub by creeper sprawl i ng over rock s

in an i sol at ed dry forest ed rav i ne"

; in t he Samoan I sl ands Vunchen9096 is sa i d t o have been scrambl i ng over sh rubs in t h i cket s“ wh i l eon Ni ue I sl and Vur cgen 10042 8 10218 were t aken f rom a

“t ra i l i ng

sh rub on sea cl i f f s In Queensl and Fi echen 988 was t aken f rom a"t ree about 10 f eet t al l in a swamp In West I r i an Pi eyi e 364 i s

descr i bed as f rom a l i ana 28 m. l ong, 3 cm. in di amet er , grow i ng inopen spot s on t he seabeach in Papua Brass ref er s t o t he pl ant as a

scramb l i ng sh ru b at t he i nner edge of t he mangroves ; Gar ber , on Tau

I sl and , def i ni t el y ref er s t o i t as a t ree or v i ne"

; Smi t h , in t he

F i j i I sl ands , cal l s i t a scandent sh rub 2 m. t al l . In t he Mar i anaI sl ands Fal anruw ref er s t o i t as hav i ng l ong bendi ng b ranches t angl edt h rough Fi cus t rees bel ow a semi - open canopy on Bnyan 338 i t i s

cal l ed a woody cl imber in t rees , 4 - 5 m. t al l , on sea beach " . In

t he Tongan I sl ands Yuncker cal l s i t a l arge l i ana w i t h many pendentb ranches cl imb i ng in t he t rees of t he st rand f orest

"and

"common in

t he sandy-cal careous so i l of beach t h i cket s [ on Tongat apu ] and"

a

t ra i l i ng or scrambl i ng sh rub in t h i cket s j ust back of t he sea [ on No

muka ] , or"a somewhat scramb l i ng sh rub on coast al cl i f f s" [ on L i f u ka ] ,

and sp raw l i ng over sh rubs at l O - 20 m. al t i t ude [ on Eua ] . B l at t er ,in Bombay , found i t grow i ng w i t h i n 10 yards of h i gh t i de

In addi t i on t o t he ap parent great var i ab i l i t y of t h i s spec i es as

t o hab i t and hab i t at , t here i s a s imi l ar var i ab i l i t y in t he mor p hol ogi c charact er of t he f ol i age . On Bnisi oi 1997 t he l eaves are unusual ly l arge , on Maidenhe g ai . 23119 t he b l ades are uni forml y t h i ckin t ex t ure (w hen f resh ) and apical l y d i st i nct l y po i nt ed . Shivarajan,

on t he l abel of his unnumbered col l ect i on of l O- 12- 74 , says : " l eavesi nvar i ab l y acumi nat e as in t h i s Spec imen. Poss i b l y mi gh t be a dif

f erent var i et y .

"On Maei i en-Dombois 68042002 t he b l ades are ob l ong

or b icul ar , l i gh t - green , and qu i t e t h i cki sh in t ex t ure . On Ha 12065t he col l ect or not es t hat t he corol l a- t u be is onl y 2 cm. l ong

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodcndnum 87

Tr imen (l 895 ) comment s about Cl enodcndnum i ncnmc in Sri LankaThe f ol i age has a pecul i ar f et i d but rat her aromat i c odour w henbru i sed , and a hot t ast e : and t he vernacul ar names are t he same

[ here ] as f or Ccfit éé ci nnamomca , t he scent of w h i ch i s very much moreof f ens i ve .

Burki l l (1935 ) descr i bes a t riu min t he Mal ay Peni nsul a as An

unt i dy sea- shore sh rub , w i t h somewhat sof t greeni sh - b rown or b l ackf ru i t (f rom w h i ch i t get s t he f i rst par t of i t s [ nat i ve ] namest eron ambul and l imau l el ang) , f ound f rom Bombay t o t he Pac i f i c ; int he IMal ay I Peni nsul a i t i s round t he coast s

Smi t h (on his no. 9506) descr i bes t he f i l ament s and st y l e as

near l y w h i t e prox imal l y , r i ch bl ue di st al l y " and t he ant her s as yel

l ow.

The ch romosome number i s gi ven as 23 hapl oi d , 46 di p l oi d by Raman8 Kesavan (l 963 ) , Sharma 8 Muk hopadhyay (l 963 ) , and Cave (l 964 ) , butas 48 (

"a t et rapl o i d speci es" ) by Sobt i 8 Si ngh (l 96l ) .

Nieuwenhui s (1907) descr i bes and i l l ust rat es t he nect ar i es f ound

on t he l eaves and cal y xes . Mal aviya (l 965 ) repor t s f i ndi ng spheroi

dal scl erids formed by t he convers i on of t he col l enchyma cel l s of

t he cor t ex .

Inamdar 8 Pat el (l 969) di scuss in det a i l t he anat omy of t he pet iol e and l ami na and f ound t hat in t he pet i ol e and mi dr i b t he vascul arbundl es are ar ranged in a r i ng and t he ph l oem does not form a cont i nuous arc . The smal l er vascul ar bundl es or i gi nat e f rom vascul ar mer ist ems w i t h del ayed di f f erent i at i on . The accessory vascul ar bundl esin each w i ng of t he pet i ol e or i gi nat e e i t her f rom a s i ngl e st rand or

f us i on of 2 separat e st rands . L i gni f i ed or unl i gni f i ed bundl e capswh i ch are pr imary p h l oem f i bers are present in al l t he vascul arbundl es , t he l at t er being of varyi ng s i ze . The vascul ar camb i um w i t hi t s charact er i st i c radi al al i gnment of ce l l s i s present bet ween t he

xy l em and ph l oem.

Shah (1968 ) and hi s assoc i at es (1969) st udi ed t he nodal anat omyand repor t t hat "

t he compound s i ngl e t race i s f ormed by t he f us i on of

2 - 3 bundl es Bef ore ent er i ng t he l eaf , t he f us i on of 2 bundl es inC. i ucama occur s at a l ower l evel in t he node as compared w i t h t hatin C. api cndcnb . Al l uni l ocul ar nodes do not appear t o be homol ogous .

It shoul d be not ed here , f or t he record , t hat t he Sri Lankan Coonay 69092807R, Mucfificn-Domboia 68042002, winawan 11 14 , and winawan 8Bal a kni bhnan 951 are voucher col l ect i ons f or ecol ogic st udi es and

Cannol z 27 8 84 are voucher s f or et hnobot ani c st udi es ; yazes 936,f rom Sumat ra , i s accompani ed by an in s i t u p hot ograp h of t he col l ec

t ion s i t e .

The corol l as of C. a nmc are most l y descr i bed by aut hor s and col

l ect or s as w h it e as , f or i nst ance , by Dunn 8 Tut cher (l 9l 2 ) and byShah 8 al . (l 97l ) and on Amanai unga 332 8 1890, 88181 02 1997, 2343, 8

2383, Foabcng 54997, Foabcng 8 al . 50907, 53455, 8 53627, Hu 11970,12065, 8 12159, Knaemcn 244 , Landon 8 a2 . 1216, Lcdcnmann 14088, Mac

Dani ci b 2152, Magday 124 , Peckcfi 571, Rechi ngcn 4936, Sal danha 15340.

Sant oA 4333 , Schmi dt 321 8 552d, Sohmcn 8 a2 . 8869, St oddant 4019,4237, 4441 , 8 4890, Taam 1341, wcbcn 26, and winawun 1114 , but t hey

88 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 2

are descr i bed as of f - w h i t e on Gaupe 120, greeni sh - wh i t e on EdmeA

1," w h i t t w i t h a h i nt of pur p l e on Long 3487,

" wh i t e , t i nged w i t hp i nk “

on H06aka 2870 and St eene 123," w h i t e t ouched pu r p l e on Young

a . n. [ FHB. w h i t i sh on wtzson 9867, w h i t e and pur p l e"on

St oddant 4806 8 5077, w h i t e 8 l i l ac"on Robi nb on 297, w h i t e- v i ol et

on waal heA 665, w h i t e w i t h purpl e cent er on St oddant 1553, wh i t et i p ped w i t h red by MacMi l l an (l 94l ) , wh i t e w i t h l i gh t pur p l e t i ngeon ChnLAIOphené en 8 Hume 2006, wh i t e , ex t ernal l y somew hat pur p l e

"by

Muel l er ”t ube greeni sh - wh i t e , l obes w h i t e on Lam 2683,

creamy on Cummi ngs 6 . n. ,

“cream t i nged w i t h mauve

"on Baab A 853,

sl i gh t l y purpl i sh al ong margi ns of corol l a- l obes" on Royen 3355,

pa l e- pi nk on whoA 732,"

pi nk"on Gzaxsman 2464, yel l ow " on M04 2

hOWAki 466, and" l i l i aceous "

on Pl eyt e 160.

Keys t o d i st i ngu i sh C. Lnenme f rom ot her Ind i an spec i es w i l l bef ound under C. gniflgi ihianum C . 8. C l ar ke (60 : l 34 - l 36) , f rom ot herBengal and Deh ra Dun speci es under C. Lndi cum (L . ) Kunt ze (6lot her Indoch i nese Spec i es under 0 . 11.0.t Dop (60 : l 4l - l 43) , ot h

er Ta i wanese speci es under C. Lnt enmedéum C ham. , ot her Madagascarspec i es under C. banoni anumOl i v . (58 : l 84 - l 90 ) , and ot her C h i nesespeci es under C. caneb cené Wal l . (58 : 4l 6) and C. hennyi P

'ei (60

l 80 - 18l ) . Some ot her keys t hat may prove he l pf u l are t he fol l ow i ng(al l w i t h modi f i cat i ons t o b r i ng t hem up

- t o-dat e , but , in some cases ,

a d i st i nct i on be i ng l ef t bet ween what t he or i gi nal aut hor regardedas

“t rue " C. Lnenme and some of i t s edaph i c forms) .

Hender son (l 974 ) separat es t he Mal ayan speci es known t o him as

fol l owsl . Inf l orescences shor t and f ew- f l owered ; pl ant of t i dal mud

C. i nenme.

l a . I nf l orescences l arge and b ranched , w i t h many f l ower s ; not in

t i dal mud .

2 . I nf l orescences pendent ; corol l a w h i t e C. nuzana .

2a . Inf l orescences erect , pyrami dal ; corol l as red and yel l oww?

omega var mynmecophxl um.

F l et cher (l 938) keys out t he T ha i l and axa known t o himas fol l owsl Corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, t he t ube l ess t han 5 cm. l ong. Subgenus

Eud ejwdendnon C. 8 . C l ar ke .

2 . Cymes ax i l l ary or in t ermi nal l eafy panicl es , t he l ower rami f icat i ons be i ng ax i l l ary .

3 . Cymes ax i l l ary .

4 . Cymes few- f l owered f rommost ax i l s ; cal yx - t eet h very shor t .

5 . Leaf - b l ades e l l i pt i c t o l anceol at e ; cal yx ex t ernal l y onl yf a i nt l y gl andul ar C. neni ifloi ium.

5a . Leaf - bl ades ovat e t o el l i p t i c ; cal y x ex t ernal l y mar kedl ygl andul ar C. i nenme.

4a . Cymes in def l exed , peduncu l at e , cl ose pani cl es f rom t he up

per l eaf - ax i l s ; cal yx - l obes l i near - l anceol at e .c, defll exum.

3a . Cymes in t ermi nal l eafy pani cl es , t he l ower rami f icat i ons being ax i l l ary

6 . Cal y x - l obes vent ral l y gl ab rous .

7. Leaf - bl ades el l i p t ic , gl ab rous above or occas i onal l y w i t ha sl i gh t pu bescence on t he diapani gozi um.

7a . Leaf - b l ades ob l ong t o obovat e , t h i nl y covered w i t h joi nt ed

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ct enodendnum 89

hai rs zankawi enae.

6a . Cal yx - l obes vent ral l y markedl y pubescent .

8. Leaf - bl ades mar kedl y pubescent above w i t h joi nt ed ha i rs ;corol l a- t ube at most cm. £20yd£anum.

8a , Leaf - bl ades sl i gh t l y pubescent above w i t h shor t ha i rs ;corol l a- t ube at l east cm. gannexxianum.

2a . Cymes in def i ni t e t ermi nal pani cl es .

9 . Pani cl e more or l ess nut ant or pendul ous .

10 . Leaf - b l ades gl ab rous above , occas i onal onl y very f a i nt l ypubescent al ong t he mi dr i b .

l l . Leaf - b l ades at most 6 cm. w i de , basal l y sl i gh t l y t apering; cal y x - l obes nut anA .

l l a . Leaf - b l ades at l east 6 cm. w i de , rounded , basal l y somet imes sl i gh t l y at t enuat e ; cal y x l obes ovat e and api

cal l y cusp i dat e umbnat éfie.

l oa . Leaf b l ades dec idedl y pubescent beneat h , basal l y subdel

t oid or l obat e C Achmedt éé9a . Pani cl es erect .

12 . Pani cl es el ongat e or pyrami dal .

13 . Pani cl es el ongat e .

14 . Ma i n rach i s- rami f icat i ons t o t he cymes - l cm. l ong;cal y x - t eet h at l east l mm. l ong; l eaf - bl ades margi nally very deepl y ser rat e uanpnuhéi .

l 4a . Ma i n rach i s- rami f i cat i ons t o t he cymes l . 5 cm.

l ong; cal y x of t en t runcat e , t he t eet h at most mm.

l ong; l eaf - bl ades margi nal l y onl y di st ant l y ser rat e or

dent i cul at e .

15 . Leaves and bract s oppos i t e ; pet i ol es at l east 2 cm.

l ong; l eaf - bl ades marginal l y most l y subent i re ; ihf l orescence at most 15 cm. l ong

16 . Leaf - bl ades gl abrous on bot h venosum.

l 6a . Leaf - b l ades st rongl y pubescent on t he midr i b and

secondar i es above and on al l t he venat i on beneat h .

C. venoaum var . pubeécerw .

15a . Leaves of t en t ernat e and t he b ract s general l y so ;

l eaves subsess i l e or shor t - pet i ol at e .

l 7 . Leaves subsess il e , t he b l ades basal l y cuneat e .

C. aennat um.

l 7a . Leaves general l y pet i ol at e , but somet imes onl ysl i gh t l y so when t he l eaf b l ades are basal l y decur rent and acuminat ely nar rowed

C. aennaxum var . wazi i chi t .

13a . Pani cl es pyrami dal .

18 . Leaf - b l ades conspicuousl y l obed .C. pani cul ai um.

18a . Leaf - bl ades unl obed .

19 . Leaf - bl ades marginal l y ent i re ; cal yx l obes ex t endi ngl it t l e more t han hal f way t o t he cal yx base . .

C. uififioaum.

l 9a . Leaf - b l ades of t en margi nal l y dent at e ; cal yx - l obesex t end ing almost t o t he ca l y x base C, 0L6c06um.

12a . Pan icl e corymbose or subcapi t at e .

90 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

20 . Pani cl es corymbose ; cal y x - t eet h smal l , at most 1 mm.

l ong C. col ebi wlulanum.

2oa . Pani cl es subcapi t at e ; cal y x - l obes l arge , at l east 8 mm.

l ong.

21 . Corol l a- t ube at l east 3 cm. l ong; cal y x - l obes t r iangu

l ar- l anceol at e , at l east 10 mm. l ong; corol l as i ngl e C. [ aaiocephal um.

2l a . Corol l a- t ube at most 2 cm. l ong; cal y x - l obes t r iangu

l ar , ap i cal l y acumi nat e , at most 10 mm. l ong;corol l a "

doub l ed"

C. phizippi num f . mul t i pzex .

Corol l a inf undicul ar , t he t ube more t han 5 cm. l ong. SubgenusSiphonanzhua (L . ) C . 8 . C l ar ke ; l eaves usual l y ver t i c i l l at e

C. Lndi cum.

Cooke (1905 ) di st i ngu i shes t he Bombay t axa as f ol l ows1 . Cymes f ew- f l owered , ax i l l ary , di st i nct C. i nenme.

1a . Cymes col l ect i vel y f ormi ng a t ermi nal pani cl e .

2 . Cal y x not conspi cuousl y enl arged in f ru i t .

3 . Cal y x - l obes l ong, ovat e , acumi nat e ; l eaves oppos i t e , l ess t han3 i nches l ong C. phl omi dia.

3a . Cal yx - l obes very shor t , broadl y t r i angul ar ; l eaves of t en t er

nat e , t o over 6 i nches l ong C. aennazum.

2a . Cal y x much enl arged in f ru i t , t urni ng red C. vi l l osum

Maheshwar i (1963 ) di st i ngu i shes t he Del h i spec i es as fol l ows :1 . Corol l a- t ube l ess t han 5 cm. l ong.

2 . Corol l a w h i t e , rarel y p i nk ; cymes ax i l l ary and t erminal .

3 . Leaf - b l ades ovat e . el l i p t ic , or ob l ong, subf l eshy ; f l ower s in

ax i l l ary most l y 3- f l owered cymes C. i nenme.

3a . Leaf - b l ades ovat e or r hombo i d , t h in- t ex t ures ; f l ower s in di

chot omous cymes formi ng a rounded pani cl e C. phi omi dia.

2a . Corol l a not w h i t e ; cymes onl y t erminal .

4 . Hab i t erect ; corol l a pi nk , doubl ed . C. phifiippi num f . muzt ipi ex4a . Hab i t cl imb i ng; corol l a cr imson, s i ngl e C. 6p£endena.

l a . Corol l a- t ube more t han 5 cm. l ong C. Lnc um.

B l at t er and his assoc i at es (1935 ) key t he I ndi an med i c i nal spec i esas f ol l ows1 . Corol l a- t ube l ess t han cm. l ong.

2 . Pedunc l es ma i nl y ax i l l ary .

3 . Leaf - bl ades obovat e or el l i p t i c , subob t use , ent i re , gl ab rat e . .

C. Lnenme.

3a . Leaf - b l ades ovat e , s i nuat e or ser rat e , puberu l ent or pubescent beneat h w hen mat ure phzomi dia.

2a . Peduncl es t ermi nal .

4 . I nf l orescence panicul at e , el ongat e , consp icuousl yC. b ennaxum.

4a . I nf l orescence cap it at e or corymbose C. viacoAum.

l a . Corol l a- t u be more t han cm. l ong C. i ndi cum.

The pol l en of CCenodendnum i nenme 15 descr i bed by Na i r Rehman(1962 ) as spheroidal , d iamet er 63 mu , range 56 - 58 mu , apocol pium diamet er 35 mu , based on Indian Nat . Bot . Gand. 44 1 16, éfii de 2631,f rom Bombay . Huang (1972 ) descr i bes t he gra ins as ob l at e t o subpro

1986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enodendnum 91

l at e , 42 - 67 mu x 56 - 7l mu , based on Huang 3342 f rom Ta i wan .

Ma i t i (1968) repor t s t he presence of a green oi l , a st erol , and

much saponi n in C. Lnenme, but a negl i gi b l e amount of al kal oi d and no

t erpene .

Haf az 8 Youni s (1969) f ound exper iment al l y no change occur r i ng in

st omat al openi ng response in car bon di ox i de f ree air . Bose and his

assoc i at es (1977) f ound s i gni f i cant promot i on of root i ng w i t h use of

et hy l ene and acet y l ene .

Nehmer (1931 ) repor t s t he ex t ract i on of chiret t in (chirat in) and

op hel i c ac i d f rom t he l eaves , w h i l e Al - Raw i 8 Chakravert y (1 964 ) re

por t t hat t he f resh l eaves cont a i n an amorphous b it t er pr i nc i pl e and

t he ash cont a ins sodi umch l or i de . Abdul - Al im (1971 ) i sol at ed f romt he l eaves a wat er - sol ub l e b i t t er pr i nc i pl e w i t h al kal oi d at t r i but es ,

as wel l as a st erol , an al i phat i c al cohol and ket one , al so gl ucose ,

f ruct ose , and sucrose as f ree sugar s .

Sub ramani an 8 Na i r (1972 ) repor t t he presence of a uni que f l avonid ,

scut el l arein- 4'- L- arab i nos i de , in t he l eaves of t h i s p l ant , cl a imed

t o be t he onl y scut el l arein pent os i de so f ar known . The presence of

h i gh propor t i ons of f ree scut el l arein w i t h smal l quant i t i es of i t s

gl ycos i de in C. neniflol i um i s unusual in Tubi gzonae and may be due t o

t he easy hydrolysi bi l i t y of scut el l are in- 4'

and api geni n wh i ch have been recorded t o be common f l avones of Ven

benacea e are absent in C. neni gofiium. T h i s same researcher and his

assoc i at es (1973) have f ound t he st erol , (24S)- et hyl chol est a- 5 , 22 ,

25- t r i ene- 3pl- ol , in t he l eaves , based on t he i r no . depos i t ed

in t he Jipmar Her bar i um at Pondi cherry .

Common and vernacul ar names recorded for t h i s w i despread p l ant are

under st andabl y very numerous , i ncl udi ng:"

abut s" ,

"a i hua "

, ang- angr i 2"a- l a- l oi - al ugi

"

, al oal o- at a i " , al o al o i t a i " , al o al o t a i"

,

al oal o t ai"

al oal ot ai"

[ =seasi de Pnemna ] ,"

amahoesoe "

,

"anj al i

apuech"apuoch

"

,

"

apwec"

ara ar i a "

, ar i ya"

,

"arni aupui

awa i " , ayer put r i bal i scug“

,

"bal i seng

"

bal i skug"

, ban-j ai

"

,

ban-j ai

"banj a i " ,

"banj oi

"

, banj uen"

, ban- j uen"

, ban- j umetbarga

" "bat - raj t , bat raj

"

, ben j uen b i r i ng djene"

, boerende

bOflJOl bon“bunga pawang sorcerer ' s f l ower ] , bunjoin

"

,

bun- j oi n "

bunj umat“bun- j umat burenda

"

, burende"

,

busel - busel "chamvert "

ch hot i - arni " ,

"ch i a bam" , chiret t akraut fi

chol ora"

, chong gong“

,

"

chot i - arni " , ch ou- k'u- l ang

"cl erodendro

do cagi l l as" Coromandel chl erodendrum dar iai arni d i di l eman?

di hia"dunget i

"

,

"

embreret " ,

"embrert "

,

"eru-

pichcha"eru

pichecha"

, erupucha"eru puchcha

"

,

"et i n "

et ipi sangi"

,

"et i

pis inika et ipisini ka"

et iu"f a l ong shue"

, f al se j asmi nefoo l ong

"

,

"foo l ong shue"

,

"foo yi s hai " f ouksha

"

,

"f uef uesina

gabwi"

, gamb ir - l ant"

gamb i t - l aut "

,

"

gamb i r l aoet gamwert"

,

garden qu i ni ne“

,

"

gashangi"

. geki gengut i"

ghuraenda"

,

gi r i l a-mar i " , gl ory - bower“

,

"

gl orybower"

, goo yi s hai"

, gow i egul inda

"

,

"habiya

"

, habui habwi"i banj oi

"

,

" i bot aguaznum cl erodendrum] ,

"

ibot akusagi kuni n ihl au"i l au

"

, i l awI ndi an pr i vet "

,

"isamdhari

"isandhari

"

, isandhér i " ,

" kakol ikaramot o“

,

" kawak " ,

"kel l el - l ap

- ni"kam bang boegang

"

,

“ kembangboegang

“ kembang l ugang kembang- l uqanq kembanq lygang"

,

ket oewer"

ket oewér "

, kho'nE-

pba"

,

“kou a ko i

"

ko ivel"

, ko iya

92 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

kol i koyanal l shudragnimant ha"

,

"k'

u- l ang- shu" " kundah

kundal i kywe-

yan- nge kywe-

yan- nge l a bul mago

"l agoendi

"

,

l agoendi al as" , l ahan- k har i - nar ve l "l ahén- k har i - nar vel

l an- j a i"

, l anj ai"l én- j ai

"

,

"l apal apa

"

,

“l aruch

"

l eruc

l imau l el ang"

,

“l odagao

”

,

"l odegau

"l odigao

"

,

"l odogao

"

, l odugan?l odugao

"l odugao

"l odugau

“

l'ruch

”

l udugao"

,

"l udugao vaca

“

,

mangongot"mangot ngot

"

, manka- hogi“

, manka- hogi"

,

“manoeroedowongi manor oet an

"

,

"manumara "manummal a mel at i air"

,

mel at i oet an“

, mel at i ut an"

,

“na it akki l e

”

, nai t okki l i"

,

"

nal l akupi

"

, nayi t akkal i"ni ir- not sj i i l

"

,

"

ni ir- not SJ i l"

,

"ni l l avuppi

nirnochi"

, nir not sj i l"

, nir- not SJ i l"nir- not SJ i t

"

,

"Ol eander

l eaved cl erodendrum "ov i edo f l or b l anca "

par i an- sal ojon"

,

“ par i ansol ojon

"

,

"

pawan"

, peh- hoe- kho

'- na-

p6aD“

,

" penni ka"

,

"

pi nar i[ grow i ng as a t ree , in I ndi a 8 Sr i Lanka ] , pinar ichangu

pinar ichanganguppi"

pina- shengam- kuppi"

, pinchil"

pinchul

pin l ai kyouk pan"

, p i ni e- kyauk - pan"

,

"

pi nl ey - kyong- ben"

, pi ny i np i ran"

, pirol aikyou"

pirol ai kyont"

, pi sangi"

pisangi

pishini ka"

pishmika"

, pisingha pisingha"

, pi sinika"

pua

pucher i k“

, pumb- arg-aru"

qesmat aghaj i"

,

"

sami n- ahga"saminanga?

samudrayut hi ka“

,

"

sin fumun "sanf u-mun sangam

"

,

"sangam- kupi

sangamkuppi“

, sanganuppi"

, sangkupi"sang

- kupi“

, sang- kdpi

"

,

sang- k upi"

,

"

sarupparachi seashore gl orybower“

,

"seashore t ube

f l ower "seas i de c l erodendron“

,

“

shangam- kupi"

, shamgam- kuppi"

,

shen-

gan- kupi

"

, shen gankuppi"

,

"

shengan- kuppi shen-

gankuppi

shengankuppi"

, shoal o t a i"

,

"

shu i - hu-man shui hu mfin“

, smoot hc l erodendron"

, snagkupi"

,

"sombah" ,

"sorcerer ' s f l ower " ,

"

sund"

"t abang- ongong

"

t abangongong"

, t akkol akamu "

, t akkol amukol apu- chet t u t ak ko- l akamu t apval

“

t apvan t at kar i

t aw- kyaungban“

, t eh i ya"

,

"t e i nat o"

t e inot o"

,

"

terong gambult erong j ambul t ihia

"

, t i nat u t it uh i na"

t i var " [ appl ied al

so t o many ot her coast al pl ant s ] , t oel ang“

t t kar 1”

, t ul ang- t ul ang[ = l i ke bones , f rom i t s t w iggy appearance ]

"t ut uhina ul a

"

,

"

61a"

,

ul ej"

,

“ul i g

"ul ij

"

,

“ul o umbreret unarmed cl erodendrum

unbewehr t er Losbaum ut i“

, ut ichet t a"

ut i chet t u"

, ut ichet t u

val ayat i mend i"

,

" vana- j a i"

,

"

vanaj a i“ vana30 1 vanayut h i ka

vanj a i" vere ver evere [ = t angl ed , appl ied a l so t o Cozubni na

M inx/ ica , Smyt hea paci fi ca ,TetnaA /u gma vix/ (emu ,

and VenL LCago

vi t i enb i b ] , vi l ayt i -mendhi vishmadhar i gida vol camer ia "

,

"vol kamer ia sans épines

"

,

"vol kamier de Commerson "

vol kamier sans

épi nes"

,

"wae l - boo- raenda " wael - bu- raenda"

,

"

wal - burenda"

,

" wal eput i - l obaha

"

[ =wh it e st rand cord ] ,"

wal -

gooranda"

, wal guranda"

,

wal - gu- renda " "

wal - gurenda"

[ grow ing as a sh rub , i n I nd ia and Sr i

Lanka ] ,"

wal - guranda"

wal - gurenda"

, w il d j asmi ne "

,

"

wil ij"

w i l l ow - l eaved c l erodendrum " w 1 r i sal o"

, woel - bu- roenda"

, wul es

wul et ch"

yasamin zaf er"

,

"z ingi

"

. and Sasak i(1928) l i st s s i x vernacul ar names in Japanese charact er s ; T ingl e(1967) suppl ies anot her in Japanese ; and Sant apau (1953 ) sup p l iestwo names in H indi charact er s .

czenodendnum Lngama is w ide l y used in nat i ve pharmacy and mediC ine and has numerous ot her uses . St art ing w i t h t he med ic inal uses ,

t he fol l ow ing repor t s are ar ranged more or l ess geograp h ical l y and

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94 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

t at ion as a f ebr i f uge ; t he j u ice of t he l eaves is used in doses of

hal f an ounce . It is muc i l aginous , very b i t t er , somew hat sal i ne , and

w i t h a f ragrant , appl e- l i ke odour . The med ic i nal p roper t i es of C. i n

enme c l osel y resembl e t hose of C h i ret t a .

"

Woodrow (1910 ) says much t he same , namel y t hat t h is pl ant" Is wel l

known on east ern shores f rom i t s medi c inal p roper t i es , wh i ch ( P harm.

Ind 1 11 77) resembl e t hose of C h i ret t a ; t he dr i ed l eaves in in

f us i on and t i nct ure , and t he j u i ce of t he f resh p l ant in 0 2 . doses ,

have a reput at i on as f eb r i f uge and al t erat i ve in scrof ul ous and al

l i ed af f ect i ons .

"In his 1889 wor k he not es t hat “

The l eaves are

val ued as a f ebr i f uge and t he pl ant assumes a neat hab i t when prunedoccas i onal l y

Kirt i kar 8 Basu (1918) and Nadkarni (1927) al so repor t t hat t he

root s , boi l ed in oi l , are app l i ed in a l i niment t o t reat r heumat ism.

A t i nct ure or decoct i on of t he l eaves is used t o t reat bot h int ermi tt ent and remit t ent f evera and as a general subst i t ut e f or qu i ni ne .

B l at t er and his assoc i at es (1935 ) repeat al l t he above inf ormat i onv i r t ual l y ver bat im. Sast r i (1950 ) al so repeat s much of t he same in

f ormat i on, add i ng, however , t hat t he C h i ret t a refer red t o is Sweet in

chingi t a Buch .- Ham. and t hat t he amor p hous b i t t er pr i nc i p l e in t he

l eaves is accompani ed by a res i n, a gum"

and a brown col our ing matt er . St eam dist i l l at i on y i el ds a st earop t en- l i ke body hav i ng t hef ru i t y odour of t he f resh pl ant . The ot her ex t ract is f ragrant . The

ash of t he l eaves is r ich in sod i umch l or i de .

“

Dast ur (1952 ) repeat smuch t he same i nformat i on regardi ng t he p l ant

‘s use as an al t erat ive ,

f ebr iguge , and in t he t reatment of venereal and scrof ul pus diseases ,

recent wounds , buboes , mani a , i t ches , and r heumat i sm. Bor 8 Ra i zada(1954 ) add t hat a t oni c is made f rom t he wood , root s , and l eaves .

Pat t na ik (1956) says t hat i t is used as a f eb r i f uge in Or i ssa , w herei t b l ossoms f rom December t o Apr i l .

Pat el (l 97l ) asser t s t hat t he pl ant is cul t i vat ed for hedges in

Guj arat , w here t he ju i ce of t he f resh l eaves is , aga in , used as an

al t erat i ve in t reat ing venereal di seases ; in his 1963 wor k he ref er st o t he pl ant as a very hardy and qu i ck grow i ng sh rub very su i t ab l ef or hedges

". B hal l a and his assoc iat es (1982 ) conf i rms it s use in

t reat i ng scrof ul ous and venereal d i seases . Tr imen (1895 ) st at es" I

do not know t hat it is used in nat ive med ic i ne here [ Sr i Lanka ] , butin I ndi a t he pl ant is much est eemed as an al t erat ive and t oni c .

“Hu

(1981 ) t el l s us t hat i t is read i l y procurabl e in t he med i c i nal her bmar ket s in C h ina under t he name Ramus C l erodendr i I nermis" ; Wal den 8

Hu (1984 ) repeat t hat it is used med i c i nal l y in C h i na . In Ha i nan Lauasser t s t hat it s l eaves in bo i l i ng wat er are used t o wash boi l s .

Al exander (1971 ) aver s t hat in Hong Kong Local her bal ist s use it s

st ems and l eaves in t he t reatment of mal ar ia and sk i n di seases". On

Ok inawa Sonohara and his assoc i at es (1952 ) repor t t he use of it s woodas f uel .

Burk i l l (1935 ) informs us t hat t he p l ant is not used by t he Mal ays ,

but is regarded as medic inal in Cel ebes , t he Phil ippines , and Guam.

Rump f (1747) aver s t hat t he sa i l or s of Macassar (Cel ebes) al ways t ook

it s f ru i t s and root s t o sea w it h t hem, t he seeds be ing cons i dered t he

more usef ul because a decoct ion made f rom t he pounded seeds was used

1986 Mol denke , Not es on CCenodendnum 95

when t he st omach had been upset by eat i ng poi sonous f i sh , crabs ,

8c .

"He al so cl a ims t hat t he l eaves , i f eat en w i t h r i ce , w i l l in

crease t he appet i t e .

Guer rero (1921 , 1929) repor t s t hat t he decoct ed root s are used in

t he P h i l i p p ines as a f ebr i f uge and general al t erat i ve , wh i l e a

poul t ice made f rom t he l eaves ser ves as a resol vent . Quisumbing(1951 ) summar i zes as f ol l ows : “

t he b i t t er pr i nc i p l e of t he l eaves is

ent i rel y removed by et her , and subsequent t reatment by al cohol and

wat er af fords ex t ract s wh ich are f ree f rom any b i t t erness . In i t s

dual nat ure , t h i s b i t t er pr i nc i pal shows a very remar kab l e resemb l ance t o t hat found in C h i ret t a (Swenxia chinaza ) . a gent i anaceousp l ant " and t hat t he ash cont a ins percent of sodi umch l or i de .

Mi quel (1867) repor t s t hat t he f ru i t s were in his day sent f romCel ebes t o Java for use as a medi c i ne aga i nst dysent ery . Saf f ord(1905 ) repor t s t hat

"The wood , t he root , and t he l eaves are b i t t er ,

and are used by t he nat i ves of Guam, t he P h i l i p p i nes , and Samoa as a

remedy for i nt ermit t ent f ever s . The l eaves , made i nt o poul t i ces .

ap p l i ed t o swel l i ngs , prevent supporat ion.

"He not es t hat t he nar

rower - l eaved "

spec i es or nenei gol i umWal l . is pref er red by t he nat i ves over t he broader - l eaved pl ant .

Par ham (1943 ) repor t s t hat in t he Fi j i I sl ands t he nat i ves consid

er t h i s a very usef ul pl ant med i c i nal l y and use a t ea made f rom t hel eaves when suf fer i ng f rom severe int ernal pa i ns . Yuncker (1943) as

ser t s t hat t he p l ant is used in t he preparat i on of nat i ve medic i neson Ni ue I sl and . Pét el ot (1953 ) cl a ims t hat in cent ral V i et nam "

l es

f eu i l l es gr i l l ées pu is bou i l l i es ser vant a f a i re une boi sson pour

combat t re l e b é r i bé r i .

St one (1970 ) aver s t hat in Guam The l eaves are used as a poult ice t o prevent swel l i ng af t er bru i ses . The root s

,et c . are b i t t er

and may st i l l be in use as a t reatment for f ever .

“ We iner (1971 ) re

por t s t hat t he l eaves are used al so in Samoa in t reat i ng f ever s ,

w h i l e in Tonga an i nf us i on of t he pounded l eaves is drunk as a remedyfor l i ver d i sorder s and in t reat i ng ul cers . Al so in Samoa . i t is

repor t ed by Zeperni ck (1972 ) t hat Gegen B l ut brechen zerst bszt manzusammen d ie B l at t er der Enyt hni na vani egaxa var . onzanxaezx und des

C2enodendnum Lnenme . Laut Rezept' re i be dami t

Sympome und a l l geme ine bere i t et e i ne Ab

kochung aus B l at t ern des Cflenodendnum i nenme Du ke 8 Ayensu (1985 )t el l us t hat bot h in Guam and Samoa t he pl ant is used in t he t reatment of f ever , headache , hemat emes i s , pneumoni a , st omach ache , and

wounds . E l sew here i t i s used for seaf ood poi soning, b l i ndness , bu

boes , op h t halmia , and r heumat i sm. In I ndi a i t is suggest ed f or

scrof ul a , venereal diseases , f ever , and mani a . The o il f rom t he rootis used f or r heumat i sm. In t he Sol omon I sl ands f umes f rom st eamingl eaves are used t o t reat eye a i lment s , i ncl udi ng b l i ndness . T hey as

ser t t hat t he l eaves are a depurat ive , a wash f or sk i n diseases , and

in decoct ion f or ber i- ber i , "and t he seeds are ant i dot e t o poi sonous

f ish , crabs , et c . T h is is a f a i r summat ion of most of t he prev iously quot ed l it erat ure .

Al k i re repor t s t hat in t he Carol i ne I sl ands t he st ems are used in

t he const ruct ion of nat ive f ish t raps , t he f l ower s are used in gar

96 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

l ands , and t he j u i ce forms an ingredi ent of some med ic i ne s St .

John 8 Smi t h (1971 ) f ound t he l eaves act ual l y used as food on Fut unaI sl and . E vans repor t s t hat on Guam Ci enodendnum i nenme is used in

comb i nat i on w i t h acangoang, gasoso , and amot t umaga as a fever cure .

On t he same i sl and Saf ford 8 Sea l e repor t t hat "al l par t s [ are ] used

medi c i nal l yWal ker 8 Tawada i nform us t hat on I r i omot e I sl and t he p l ant is

a semi - v i nel i ke sh rub grow i ng 5 - 6 f eet t al l and i s p l ant ed as waveprot ect i on al ong t he seashores .

Sal omon 8 George f ound t hat on Ponape I sl and [ in t he Carol ines ] a

l ocal nat i ve med i c i ne is made f rom t h i s Spec i es and used t o st op

bab ies f rom ur inat i ng t oo of t en in t he i r sl eep " . On t he same i sl and ,

accordi ng t o Fosberg, a per f ume is made f rom t he f l ower s he al sorepor t s t hat on Rot a I sl and i t i s used medi c i nal l y t o t reat backache ,

wh i l e on Pel i l iu it i s used as a f i sh - poi son (as wel l as a medi c i ne ) .Hosaka found i t used medi c i nal l y on Sa i pan .

On Sonsorel I s l and , in t he Carol i nes , accord i ng t o Ber ry , W hen a

per son has a f al l f rom a t ree or wh i l e worki ng, t he l eaves of t h i sp l ant can be pounded , squeezed i nt o a cup, and t he ju ice drunk . T h i sw i l l hel p t o set t l e t he st omach af t er t he f al l and make wast e d i sposal norma l . The l eaves are al so pounded , mi xed w it h coconut oil and

S pread on a mat f or t he i nj ured per son t o l ie on . T h i s medi c i ne is

used every day af t er t he f al l unt i l he is bet t er . Bot h t he st omachmedi c i ne and t he vomit med i c i ne naat u are used af t er a f al l , e it herone may be used f i r st , but t he f i rst medi c ine is used onl y on t he dayof t he fa l l .

"

In add i t i on t o t he many medi c ina l uses l i st ed above , Ci enodendnumLnenme has numerous ot her uses . Maheshwar i (1963 ) says t hat it is" Commonl y cul t i vat ed aS [ a ] hedge pl ant al ong f oot - pat h s in l awns [ inDel h i , I ndi a ] . [ It is ] Al so grown as a t ra i l ing shrub t o cover t hest ony c i rcl es and d i r t y areas of gardens . The l eaves are cons i derab l y var i ab l e in s i ze dependi ng upon t he hab i t at ,

"

and it f l ower st here f rom Jul y t o November . Naval kar (1956 ) al so repor t s it be i ngpl ant ed as hedges and al ong t he margins of st reams "

. C hopra and his

assoc iat es (1965 ) say t hat hedges made of t h is p l ant are"common al l

over t h i ck succul ent l eaves are very b i t t er and t he hedgeis [ t heref ore ] saf e f rom [ b rows ing] animal s Bose (1965 ) adds t hatt he hedges so f ormed are compact and c l ean f l ower ing dur ing t herains"

. Badhwar 8 Fernandez (1968) repor t t hat it is a choice hedgepl ant in t he H imal ayas . Sharma (1975 ) and Babu (1977) repor t t hati t is somet imes cul t ivat ed as a hedge in t he Punj ab and in Deh raDun . Lord (1978) found i t so used at B r isbane , Aust ral i a . Varma(1981 ) i ns ist s t hat i t makes a very f ine hedge Maheshwar i 8 S ingh(1965 ) and St ewar t (1961 , 1971 ) al so Speak of it s ornament al use in

gardens in t he Punj ab , in Si nd , and at Rawal pindi ( Pak ist an) .

Ba il ey (1935 ) l ist s onl y Ta i hoku as a source supp l y ing t h is spe

C l eS t o t he hort i cul t u ral t rade .

On Yap I sl and , accordi ng t o Cush ing 8 Mit ag, t he f l ower s are usedin make int o gar l ands ; in t he G i l ber t I sl ands t hey are used t o makewreat h s .

T h i s S pec i es is l i st ed as one of t he ma i n sand- st ab i l iz ing pl ant sof t he deser t s and semi - deser t s of t he wor l d“

, a f act w h ich p robab l y

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98 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

as t he t y pe ( hol ot ype ) by Fl et cher Sheet No . 4 is al so in

scr i bed Lnenmia"and Dougiasaia Houst . gen . in Mi l l ero

"in

L i nnaeus ' hand and is cor rect .

Vol kameni a Lnenmi b L . appear s act ual l y t o be based on Henmann 23

f rom Sr i Lanka , depos i t ed in t he Br i t i sh Museum her bar i um; V. ( net ?

mi8' 2 Ai t . i s a synonym of C. i i guat ninum (Jacq . ) R. B r .

W hen L i nnaeus 'spec i es was t ransfer red f rom vozkamenza , t o Ci enc

dendnum by Gaer t ner (l 788 ) he not ed :"

Ci enodendnum i nenme. i b i d . Win

not ayifi . Rheed . mal . 5 . p . 97 . t . 49 . bene . Vol kamenia namia i nenmibus . L i nn . syst . veg. 577 . Bunende. zeyl onens . E col l ect . sem.

hor t . l ugdb . Bacca t ur b i nat a (a ) , t et racol l is , t et rapyrena (b ) , permat ur i t at em quadripart i bi l i s Caro crassiuscul o , suberosa ,

f orso pyrenarum adnat a . Pyrenae cor i aceo-crust aceae , al b i cant es , de

orsum insigni t er acuminat ae , Superne rot undat o gi bbae , unil ocul ares

(d) . Semi na (e ) cav i t at i oss i cul orum respondent i a . Emb ryoerect us , carnosus , a l bus . Uni cum qu i dem semen , suo Ci enodendno. t r i bui t Burmannus , 8 hunc mani f est um errorum suum quoque f ec i t L i nnaeusin omni bus enim Pi nnahol ae baccis con- const ant er [Sig] reper io semi naquat uor , 8 t i t idem quoque Pet aai t ae suo adscr ib i t Rumphius .

"

Because t he apparent great var i ab i l i t y of t h i s t axon may event ually resul t in i t s d i v i s i on i nt o several subspec i f i c t axa (as , i ndeed ,

has al ready been suggest ed by some bot ani st s ) , i t seems wor t hw h i l et o repeat here t he or i gi nal descr i p t i ons of several of t he proposedspec i f i c segregat es .

Vozkameni a nenei gol ia Rox b . was or i gi nal l y (1832 ) descr i bed as

Sh rub by . Leaves t ern, l i near - l anceol at e . Peduncl es ax il l ary ,

t hree- f l owered . A sh rub by spec i es , f ound i ndi genous on t he I sl and of

Nascal , on t he coast of C h i t t agong; w here i t b l ossoms about t he cl oseof t he ra ins , and t he seeds r i pen in February . St em shor t , but

st ra igh t , st out and l i gneous , soon div i di ng i nt o many st ra i gh t , nearly erect b ranches and b ranch l et s ; bar k smoot h , and of a l i gh t ash

col our and mar ked w i t h l i gh t - col oured , smal l , el evat ed specks . eaves

t ern, rarel y op pos i t e , l i near - l anceol at e , ent i re , acut e , smoot h , a

bout t h ree i nches l ong, and very general l y under hal f an inch inbreadt h . Pet i ol es shor t , and i nser t ed on permanent el evat ed l eaves .

Peduncl es ax i l l ary , much shor t er t han t he l eaves , general l y t h reef l owered . Bract es oppos it e , ens i form. Cal y x campanul at e , mout hevenl y f i ve- t oot hed , permanent . Corol w i t h a rat her shor t , sl ender ,cur ved t ube , and uni l at eral border , composed of f i ve , equal , oval ,ent i re segment s . St ami na t w ice t he l engt h of t he corol , i ncur ved or

recur ved , according t o t he l engt h of t ime t he f l ower has been expan

ded . Germ super i or , f our - cel l ed , w i t h one ovul um in each . St y l el engt h of t he st ami na . St i gma b i dent at e . Capsul e (Ber ry , Gaer t n. )broad- t ur b i nat e , four - grooved , si ze of a nutmeg,

w hen r ipe dry , and

S pont aneousl y d i v id i ng f i r st i nt o two and af t erwards i nt o four par t s .

Cor t ex pret t y smoot h , dar k b rown. Pul p in l arge quant it y , somewhatspongy . Seed in each d i v is ion of t he capsul e , ob l ong, t aper ing t owards t he base . I nt egument s two, bot h sof t , t h in and w h it e . Per isperm none . Embryo , erect . Cotyl edons conform t o t he seed , equal .

P l umul a two- l obed . Rad icl e inf er i or , t he w hol e much l ike Cl enodendnum i nenme . Gaer t n. i . t . 57 .

l 986 Mol denke , Not es onczu odend/wm 99

B l anco 's or i gi nal (1837) descr i p t i on of his C. capAuZane (wh i ch he

kept separat e from Vot hamenia i nenmis ) is : T ronco cuadrado por el

ex t remo . Hoj as opuest as , l anceol adas , ent eras y l ampinas . Pec i ol oscor t os . F l ores ax i l ares , en umbel as de t res f l ores . Cal . mui pequefio

de f i gura de campana , con c i nco d i ent es : dos a un l ado y t res al ot ro .

Cor . l argui sima , bl anca , con el t ubo f i l i forme , al go encor vada , bi

l abiada . Lab i o super i or con dos l ac i ni as ob t usas . Inf er i or con t resobt usas . Est am. didinamos , mui l argos , f i jos mas abajo de l as di v i si ones de l a corol a , revuel t os en l a madurez de var i os modos . Germenconi co . E st i l o uh poco mas cor t o que l os est amb res . Est i gma b i f i do .

Cagil l a de f i gura de maza , con un aposent o y cuat ro semi l l as grandes .

Ar bust o que se el eva a l a al t ura de un homb re . Es f recuent e en l as

or i l l as del mar . Fl or . em Jul .

"In his 1845 wor k he adds : Parece

ser var i edad del onzunaxum.

"

Di et r i ch (1843) di st i ngu i shes t he t h ree t axa accept ed by him as

fol l ows : C. i nenme -“ f ol . ovat is vel oval i bus calyci busque gl abr is ;

ramis compressis ; t ubo corol l ae Ind . or . C h i na et Nov .

Hol l . C. commenaoni i“fol . ovat i s ut r inque at t enuat i s int egerr i

mis gl abr is ; corymbis axi l l ar i bus t r ichot omi s pubescent ibus ; t ubo

corol l ae uns . P h i l i ppi n .

"

C. conomandet i anum"fol .

ovat is acut is int egerr imis gl aberrimis ; panicul a t ermi nal i corymbosa .

In Coromandel ia et Nov . Hol l .

"The t h i rd of t hese is obv i ousl y a de

scr i pt ion most l y of C. éi oni bundum var . [ azifloi i um F. Muel l .

Gray 's or i gi nal (1862 ) descr ipt i on of var . oceani cum i s : fol i is

maj or ibus (2% - 5- pol l icar ibus ) magi s acuminat i s ; cal yce t runcat o

dent icul is 5 minut is ; cymis nunc 5 - 7- f l or i s . Samoan , Tonga , and

Feej ee I sl ands . T h is must be For st er ' s Voi kamenia i nenmis . and per

haps Sprengel's Cl enodendnon Commenxonzi . I have seen no i nt ermed i

at e forms (t hough t hey probab l y occur ) bet ween t h i s and t he t rue C.

Lnenme of I nd i a , 8c . , w h ich has smal l er and bl unt er l eaves , and , as

descr i bed by Schauer , a d i st i nct l y 5- t oot hed cal y x ,

‘dent i bus l at o

t r iangul ar i bus

C l ar ke in keepi ng C. Lnenme and C . nenéiflofii um apart , saysf or t he l at t er : " Leaves most l y t ernat e , 38 by 18 ih . ; or , in t he ex

t reme t ype form of Rox burgh , subl i near , 4g by in . Cymes and

drupe rat her l arger t han in C. Lnenme . Cal y x of t en a in . di am. in

f ru it . Ot herw i se as C. Lnenme , of w h ich t h i s may be a var . , as

Bent ham and Kurz have t reat ed i t .

Kunt ze (1891 ) gi ves an i nt erest i ng discuss i on of hi s concept of C.

( nu mewcz. i ne/ 11112. Gaer t n . 1788 . R. B r . l 8l l (Voelzameu'

a L . L . ) Of

ovm fiou um 0K Of genuxlna 5 KUP Z 1877 Owleda ouafl éob éa Juss .

1806 in Ann . mus . V I I I 76 aus Pondi cher ry ; von Schauer in DC. prod .

vergessen; C2 ouaxum Po i r . 1816) Fol i a obt usa . Hongkong. Die

Fruch t e s i nd me i st kreisel f brmig, wie S ie auc h Juss ieu beschre i bt ;sie andern aber (be i CK Y sel t en auch f ast kuge l i g f . subgl o

boaa OKt ze . ) und l anger (l : 2 f ast keul enfdrmig f . conynecanpa

O. Kt ze . ; ausserdem besch re i bt noch C l ar ke ein v . macaocanpa mi t 2- 3

X grdsseren FrUcht en. Oui ada ouaeigoeza Juss . C2 , ovat um Po i r .

ward von St eudel i r r i g mi t dem aust ral i schen Cl enodendnon ovat um R.

Br . C8. medi um* R. B r . prod . 510 em. i ncl . C2 . at t enuaxum, (i onibundum, ovat um, cont aceum R. B r . 1 . c . 511 ) ident if ic irt ; Schauer in

100 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

DC. prod . X I ci t irt h i erzu Vo£kamenia. i nenmia L . f l . zeyl . p. 231 , was

C l ar ke in f l . b r i t . I nd i a copi rt ; be iden haben Obersehen, dass L i nnéin der f l . zey l . noch gar ke i ne Speciesnamen hat t e , auch st eh t Val ha r

mania f l . zeyl . ni ch t p . 231 , sonder under Nr . 231 . Qi aazi gozi um 0 .

Kt ze . Fol i a ovat a acut a ( l : 8 2 ) Java : Bat av i a . neni i gozium S . Kurz(Wal l . ) Fol i a l anceol at a Anam: Turong.

If Kunt ze is cor rect in t h i s i nt erpret at i on of Jussieu's Out eda

oval i gozza , t hen t h i s b i nomi al bel ongs in t he synonymy of C. Lnenmei nst ead of in t hat of C. ézoni bundum var . zat igol i um F . Muel l . w herei t has been p l aced by me in t he present ser i es of not es (59 :

Prain (1903 ) keeps C. Lnenme and C. commenaonéi separat e , but

adop t s Wal l ich 's C. neni i gozium f or C. commenboni i .

B randi s (1906 ) regards t he t rue C. Lnenme as f rom Sr i Lanka , Mal aya , C h i na , New Gu i nea , nor t hern Aust ral i a , Ta i wan , and Pol ynes i a and

comment s t hat i t is" C l osel y al l i ed t o C. neni i gozi um Wal l . f rom

t he"Sea coast of C h i t t agong, Aracan and Tenasser im: LLGGVGS ] f re

quent l y t ernat e , l i near or l anceol at e , 2 - 4 in . l ong, drupe l arger .

"

Mer r i l l (1912 ) says :"The t y pe of Cl enodendnon commenaoni i ( Poi r . )

Spreng. was f rom t he P h i l i p p i nes , Poi ret st at i ng t hat i t was col l eet ed by Commerson ; l i ke t he ot her P h i l i ppi ne p l ant s ascr i bed t o Commerson as col l ect or , i t was in al l probab i l i t y col l ect ed by Sonnerat .

"

In hi s 1917 wor k he says t hat several aut hor s have ma i nt a i ned t heMal ayan- Pol ynes i an f orm spec i f i cal l y di st i nct f rom t he t yp i cal I ndian czenodendnon Lnenme (L i nn. ) Gaer t n . If t h i s d i st i nct i on i s ma i nt ained , t he Mal ayan- Pol ynes i an f ormmust be cal l ed C2enodendnon commensoniz ( Po i r . ) Sp reng. , w h ich i s t he ol dest val i d name for i t .

Jaami num [ Li oneumwas f i r st reduced by L i nnaeus t o Vozhameni a i nenmixL i nn. in St i ckman Her b . Am. (1754 ) 19 , Amoen . Acad . 4 (1759) 129 ,

Syst . ed . 10 (1759) 1122 , and al l succeedi ng aut hor s have fol l owedL i nnaeus , c i t i ng t he Rumphian f i gure under e i t her vozkameni a LnenmiaL i nn . or Cfienodendnon Lnenme Gaer t n .

In his 1918 wor k Merr i l l ma i nt a i ns C. commenaoni i ( Poi r . ) Sp reng.

as d i st i nct f rom C. i nenme. w i t h C. neni i gofii um Wal l . and C. capsu

fiane B l anco as synonyms of t he f ormer , not i ng t hat T h is spec i es is

common al ong muddy S hores and t i dal st reams t h roughout t he P h i l i pp i nes . It i s general l y ret a i ned as a Spec i es di st i nct f rom C. i nenmeGaert n. , but , i f d i st i nct , t hen Poi ret '

s Spec i f i c name is t he ol der .

The t ype of Vozkameni a commenaoni i Po i r . was f rom t he P h i l i p p i nes(see Mer r i l l in P h i l i p . Journ . Sci . 7 (1912 ) Bot . 245 . In his 1923

wprk he reunit es t he t wo t axa .

Domi n (1928) adopt s C. commenaoni i Spreng. as t he name for t he

Aust ral i an popu l at i on , whose nat ural range he gi ves as"von der ma

l ayischen Hal b i nsel Uber Mal aya und d ie P h i l i ppinen nach C h i na , Pol ynesien und Aust ral i en (Nerd- Aust ral i en, Queensl and , nbrdl . N. S .

"

Das ech t e C. i nenme Gaer t n, non R. B r . (=Vozhamenia i nenmLAL . ) ist auf Ost - I nd i en und Cey l on besch rank t . O. aberbe i de fur konspez i f i sch .

"

Mer r i l l , in 1935 , assert s t hat Loure iro 's (1790 ) Vozhamenia {nea

nus L inn. was based on a spec imen Hab i t at i ncul t a prope Cant onemSinarum" p reser ved in t he Par i s her bar ium, and t hat t he S pec i es "

is

common in Su i t ab l e hab i t at s near Cant on"

.

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102 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

Rheede 1685 ref erence as page"9" i nst ead of 97 . Fernandez V i l l ar

(1880 ) mis- c i t es t he Schauer (1847) ref erence as page"60

“ i nst eadof 660 . Wat t (1889) mis- c i t es t he C l ar ke (1880 ) ref erence as page"586 i nst ead of 589 .

Mer r i l l (1912 , 1923 ) c i t es t he Gamb l e (1908) wor k as be i ng pub

l ished in 1909 per haps cor rect l y so , but I have not as yet seen

any ev i dence t o indicat e t hat t he 1908 dat e , usual l y used , is incorrect . Mer r i l l (1914 ) ref er s t o a Ci enodendnon Lnenmg W . F . W i gh t

"

,

supposedl y ref er red t o by Saf ford but in t he Saf ford pub1 i ~cat i on t he name of t he pl ant descr i bed is p l a i nl y wr i t t en

"

Ci enoden

djuun Lnejune, Gaert nHal l i er (1918) c i t es t he Pul l e (1911 ) ref erence as 1910 and i t

is al so so dat ed by Pul l e h imsel f (1914 ) on w hat ev i dence I do not

know . Hal l i er (1918) al so c i t es t he Schumann 8 Laut er bach (1900)ref erence as

"1901 aga i n, on ev i dence not known t o me . In t he

same 1918 wor k he mis-c i t es t he Mi que l (1858 ) ref erence as"1856

but pages 705- 960 of t he wor k in quest i on were def i ni t el y not pub

l ished unt i l 1858 .

Bak hu i zen (1929 , Babu and Varma (1981 ) al l mis-c i t et he Gaer t ner 1788 ref erence as t . 75 i nst ead of 57 . F l et cher(l 938) c it es t he Gambl e (1908 ) ref erence as

"1908 Masamune (1955 )

c i t es t he Maximowicz (1886) ref erence as"1887 but pages 12 - 121 of

t he Bul l et i n 's Vol ume 31 were act ual l y i ssued on Apr i l 15 , 1886 and

of t he Mél anges Vol ume 12 al so on t hat dat e . Varma (1981 ) mis- c i t est he L i nnaeus (1753 ) ref erence as page 889

" i nst ead of 637. The

B l ume (1826) wor k i s somet imes c i t ed as par t"9" i nst ead of 14 .

It is a l so wor t h ment i oni ng here t hat Chamisso ‘s wor k (1832 ) oc

cur s on a page numbered but t h is is ob v i ousl y a t ypograp h i cer ror for 105 as can be seen f rom t he number s of t he precedi ng and

succeed i ng pages .

The Hooker 8 Arnot t (1837 , 1838) ref erences are of t en misw c it ed as

publ i shed in but pages 193 - 240 were act ua l l y issued in 1837

and pages 241- 366 in 1838 . S imi l arl y , t he Schumann (1887) work is

of t en c i t ed as t he t i t l epage dat e , but t he page here i n re

f er red t o was act ual l y issued on November 1 1 , 1887 l i kew i se , t he

Ba i l l on (1891 ) reference t o t he spec i es here i n d i scussed is of t en

c i t ed as pub l i shed in"1892 t he t i t l epage dat e for t he ent i re

vol ume . Aga in , t he Lam (1924 ) ref erence is somet imes c i t ed as"1925

t he t it l epage dat e for t he vol ume t he page t hat concerns us hereappeared in 1924 .

The Ito (1928) ref erence t o our spec i es is somet imes (as by Worsdel l , 1 941 ) dat ed but t he ev i dence for t h is dat e is unknownt o me . The Domin (1928 ) wor k is somet imes c it ed as

"122 t he

Foreman (1972 ) ref erence is somet imes mis- c i t ed as"1971 t he t i t l e

page dat e .

St one ref er s t o t he f ru it of Ci enodendnum i nenme as a 4- l obedcapsul e

"

, w hereas it is act ual l y a drupe .

In t he l ist of c i t at i ons (bel ow ) t he fol l ow ing col l ect i ons are

c it ed as f rom cul t i vat ed mat er i al , even t hough t he ir act ual l abel s donot spec i f ical l y ind i cat e t h i s : Henb . Fiachen 8 . n. ,

Hei b . Lugd.- Bat .

- 81,- 82 ,

- 87,- 95, 8 - 119, Henb.

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci eaodendaam 103

Reichenbach 6. a . h . ,Hu b . Rot t i’i 6 . h . ,

Hu b . St ephan 8 .n. , Lane

627, Robi naon a . h . ,and Sat im a . h . ; Foabeag 33867 bear s a l abel on

w h i ch t he col l ect or quest i ons t hat i t may have been"

pl ant ed? "

Hara (1948 ) l i st s an i l l ust rat i on of t h i s Spec i es on f ig. 2490 in

some as yet uni dent i f i ed (by me ) Japanese wor k pub l i shed in 1 938 .

The i l l ust r at i ons gi ven by Ba i l l on (1891 ) as Oui eda i neamia and 0 .

floet i da do not per t a i n t o Ci eaodendaum i neame . Obv i ousl y , t heydepi ct a spec i es in t he Subgenus Cyci onema , probabl y Ci eaodendnamAennat um (L . ) Moon , w h i ch see .

The i l l ust rat i on gi ven by Mul l an (1931 ) shows anat omi cal l eafst r uct ures f or wat er st orage .

Engl er (1886) c i t es unnumbered col l ect i ons of C. i neame f rom T imor , V i t i Levu (Fi j i I sl ands ) , and New Gu i nea ; Schumann (1887 ) c i t esHat t nang 212 , as we l l as unnumbered Naumann and Reedy col l ect i ons ,

f rom New Gu i nea ; Maxinowicz (1889) c i t es unnumbered col l ect i ons by

Loure i ro and by M i l l et t f rom Cant on , by Vachel l f rom Macao , by Hancef rom W hampoa , by Wr i gh t f rom Hong Kong, and by Hooker 8 Arnot t and byTanaka f rom t he Ryukyu I sl ands , as wel l as Oi dham 392 f rom Ta i wan.

Schumann 8 Hol l rung (1889 ) c i t e Hat t nang 42 f rom New Gu i nea .

Drake del Cast i l l o (1892 ) c i t es Baaci ay a . h . and Seemann 253 f rom Fi

j i , wi t hea U. S . Expt . Exped. 8 . n. f rom Samoa , and unnumbered Harvey ,

Home , and Mat hews col l ect i ons f rom t he Tongan I sl ands , ascr i b i ng t hespec i es t o

"

l es r égi ons chaudes de l'AS i e et de l

'

Océanie"

.

Hems l ey (1894 ) ci t es unnumbered col l ect i ons of Har vey , L i st er ,

Mat hews , and Mosel ey f rom t he Tongan I sl ands , cred i t i ng t he Spec i esal so t o New Cal edoni a , t he Fi j i I sl ands , and Nav i gat or I sl ands [ =Samoa ] , as wel l as i t be i ng a common sea- S i de shrub in t ropi ca l As i aand Aust ral i a

Schumann 8 Laut erbach (1900 ) c i t e f rom t he Terr i t ory of New Gu i neat he f ol l OW i ng: Hat t nang 4 2 8 212, Lewandowsky 25, and Waabang 8 . n. ;

f rom New B r it ai n : Dahi 52 and Laut enbach 164 ; f rom New I rel and : wanbung 8 . n. ; f rom t he Admi ral t y I sl ands : Moaei ey 8 . n . ; f rom Bouga in

V i l l e : Guppg a . n. ; and f rom t he Mar ianna I sl ands : Chamiaao 6 . n. and

Leaaon 8 . n.

C l ar ke (1 904 ) c i t es Schmi dt 321 8 552d f rom Kahdat I sl and , T ha il and; W i l l i ams (1905 ) C i t es t he same col l ect i ons but adds Schombangh

242 8 274 f rom T ha i l and . Cooke (1905 ) c i t es unnumbered col l ect i onsof Law f rom Konkan , Cooke , Graham, and Woodrow f rom Bombay I sl and ,

and Woodrow f rom Guj arat .

Ri dl ey (1911 ) c i t es unnumbered col l ect i ons by Cur t i s f rom Langkaw i and by Ke i t h f rom Per l i s , where , he says , t he p l ant i s Commonin t i dal swamps

"

. Merr i l l (1 912 ) C i t es Gaudi chaad o. n.f romMacao ,

Henny, Kawakami ,8 Nahahana 822 f rom Ta i wan , Foxwoat hy 552 f rom C8 16

bes , and Voi hena 244 f rom Yap.

Pul l e (1914 ) c i t es Gj azzenup 292 and Rbmen 18 f rom West I r i anin his 1911 wor k he c it es Bnandeahoaat 153 and Veaat eeg 1007 1840f rom t he same area . Rech inger (1914 ) c it es hi s noa . 4098 8 4936 f romPoperang and Bouga inv i l l e I sl ands i n t he Sol omons .

Hal l i er (1918) c i t es f rom Sr i Lanka Kbni q 8 . n. ; f rom Sumat ra Fon

bex 1802 ; f rom Borneo Hai i i ea and Koat hai x a . h . ; f rom JavaBoeai age a. h . (Le i den I sl and) ; f rom Lombok Eibeat 593 8 2090 ; f rom

104 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

But on Ei beat 2683; f rom Tukang- bes i Eibeat 2539; f rom Buru DeVai eae 8Tei jamann a . h . ; f rom CeramDeVai eae 8 Tei jAmann 8 .n. ; f rom L i t t l eCeram Fonat en a. h . and Wanbuna a . h . : f rom Luzon Hai t ien 3516a ; and

f rom Yap Hai i i ea 35165 , as we l l as Raap 390 f rom Java . He al so re

por t s see i ng t he spec i es on Cebu , E t en, P i ngel ap, Tol oas , Lel eh , Po

nape , and Kusa i e i sl ands . Mer r i l l (1 918) c i t es his Sp. Bianc. 813

f rom Luzon.

Moore (1921 ) c i t es Compt on 64 1 f romOuéré i sl and , New Cal edoni a ,

w here t he spec i es i s sa i d t o be abundant in l i t t oral sand“

. Lam

(1924 ) c i t es Kaaemea 8 . n. ,Ledeamann 14088, and Raymundaa 305 f rom

Korror , Fai t z 6 . h . f rom Sa i pan. Kaaemea 3 f rom Truk . Voi kena 132 8

244 f rom Yap. Ledenmann 13660 f rom Ponape . Moazhowahi 466 f rom WestI r i an. Dani 52, Laut eabach 164 , and weben 26 f rom New B r i t a i n. and

Peehei 571 f romNew I rel and . Bak hu izen (1929) c i t es Baaaa 853, 1181,8 1548 f rom New Gu i nea . Gui l l aumin ( 1932 ) c i t es his no . 185 f romF i l a i s l and in t he New Hebr i des , as wel l as Gui i i aumin 8 Baumann1 1142 f rom t he same area ; Hosokawa (1933 ) c i t es hi s noa . 1812, 1821,8 2069 f rom Ta i wan .

Bak hu i zen (1935 ) c i t es Kajewahi 2244 f rom Bouga i nv i l l e and 2407

f rom Guadal cana l . C h r i st op her sen (1935 ) c i t es t he f ol l ow i ng f rom t he

Samoan I sl ands : Chaiat Ophenaen 2783 8 2868, ChaiAt Opheaaen 8 Home2006, 2381, 8 2453, and St ehi i n 6 . n. f rom Sava i i ; Ganben 584 8 694

f rom Tau ; Di efiendenflen 14 , Ganben 963, and wt t den 74 f rom Tu t u i l a ;and ChaiAt Opheaaen 478, Eamea 1, and wi i dea 428 f rom Upol u .

Fl et cher (1938) c i t es f rom T ha i l and as Ci eaodendaum i neameBouahe 6 . n . , Coi i i nt 1440, Kenn 3672, 16133 , 8 17037, Mancan 2456,Pat 1538 8 1701, and Smi t h 928, and as C. neai ifloi i um: Gat t i na 96,Cuat ia 6 .n. , Kent 2039, 2127, 8 1 1693, and Vanpauh 839 . He gives t he

d ist r i but i on of t he former as I ndia , Sr i Lanka , Burma , Indoch i na , and

Mal aya , and of t he l at t er as Burma , Indoch i na , Mal aya , C h i na , Aus

t ral ia , and Pol ynes i a .

Lam 8 Meeuse (1945 ) c i t e Lam 2683 f rom Karakal ang isl and in t he

Pal au group of i sl ands , w h i l e Tay l or (1 950 ) c i t es his nos . 46- 1073,46- 1 137, 46

- 1 173, 46- 1367, 46- 1400, 46- 1480, 8 46- 1493 f rom Rongel ap

and B ik i ni At ol l s in t he nor t hern Mar shal l I sl ands . Masamune (1955 )c i t es unnumbered col l ect i ons by h imse l f and by Kudo , S imada , and Su

zuk i f rom t he RYUKYU I sl ands Of Amamios ima , Da it oz ima , Iheyaz ima , Ir i

omot e , Komi , Minamida it OZ ima , Ok i nawa , Takaraz ima , Tanegashima , and

Yonasuni . Yuncker (1959) c i t es Moaei ey a . h . and Vanchea 15018 8

15170 f rom Tongat apu . LiAt en 6 . n. and Yunckea 15526 f rom Eua , Vunchea

15844 f rom Nomuka , Vunchea 15760 f rom L if uka , and Cnoaby 6 .n. and

Hanvey a . h . f rom Vavau in t he Tongan I sl ands ; Van Royen (1960 ) c it eshis no. 4823 f rom New Gu inea . Li (1963) c it es f rom Ta iwan : Fauai e257 373, Henny 6 . n. , Huang 2330, Kauuhami 7174 , Kado 8 Si zuhi a. h . ,

Moaimot o 29i ,Nagaaawa 89, Gi dham 392 8 397, Piagfiai a 46, Tanaka 8

Shimada 11030, and Wi iaon 9867.

Maheshwar i (l 963 ) c it es Mahei hauni 4 13, 1 173, 8 1285 f rom Del h i ,I nd ia ; Hat uS ima (1966) c i t es his no. 28506. Sebast i ne 8 E l l iot (1967)c it e Sebaat i ne 10644 f rom Madras ; Maj umdar (1969) c it es unnumberedNa ir and Na ir 8 Mal hut ra col l ect ions f rom Raj ast han.

St one (1970 ) c it es h is noa . 3849, 4921, 8 5078 f rom Guam, w here ,

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106 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

4098 [ Her b . FEEMA 18157 ] (Lc ) ; Anaujo 8 Maci ei 4300 [ Her b . FEEMA

18970 ] (Fe ) ; Sampai o 8738 (Ja - 44980 , Ja , Ja ) . E G Y PT : Fawzi 6 . n.

(Gz ) . ZAI RE : Vandea 2 2 13539 (Br ) . MASCARE N E I SLANDSMaur i t i us : Het h. Mua . Paai a a . h . W PAKI STAN : S i nd : Gui6 . n. (Kh) ; Iqbat 6 . n. (Kh) . I NDIA: Andh ra Pra

desh : Shant a 150 (Hi wagh 4645 (Xa ) . Guj arat : Hohazhi a . h .

[ Cut ch ] (W Karnat aka : Bei angea 249 (L ) ; Sai danha 15340 (WShephead 6 . n. [ Mysore ] (L ) . Keral a : Meeboi d 12613 (S) ;

St ocht ,Law,

Et c. 8 . n. [ Mal abar , Concan] (L ) ; R. wi i i ia a . h . [ X. 94 ](Gz ) . Madhya Pradesh : Na5day 124 (Ba ) . Maharash t ra : Ezeki ei 30397

(Xa ) ; Henb . Bi at t ea 19 (Xa ) . 20 (Xa ) . 68 (Xa ) . 15481 (Xa ) . 17218

(Xa ) ; Pa t eC 6 . n. (Xa ) ; Randej u'

a 280 (Xa ) . 433 (Xa ) ; Santapau 142-13

(Xa ) . (Xa ) . 9850 (Xa ) . 2 1320 (Xa ) ; Sedgwi ck 2 Bei i 3947 (Xa ) ;Shah 6659 (Xa ) . 7506 (Xa ) ; Shenay 140 (Xa ) . 521 1 (Xa ) . Tami l Nadu :Coi i ect oa undet eami ned 6 . n. [ 1850 ] (L ) ; Kuni ahoae 8 . n. [ 18- 1- 33 ] (N.

N ) ; wai i i ch 1788F (L ) ; R. wight 2318 (L . Nu - 1402 , S) ; Veahoda 215

(N ) . Uni on Ter r i t ory : Coi i ect on undet eami ned 6 . n. [ Pond i chery . Ju i ll et 1803 ] (L ) . Ut t ar Pradesh : wai i i ch (L ) . West Bengal : C.

B. Ciaake 8481 (L ) . 21667 (W 333716 (X ) ; Coi i ect oa undet ea

mined 297 (Bz - 19670 , Bz Hei nig 8 Gammi e a . h . [ Bengal ] (NaJenki na 6 . n. [ Bengal ] (Ac ) ; S . Kunz 6 . n. [Mut l ah] (Bz - 19669 ,

W St at e undet ermi ned : Coi i ect oa andet eami ned 6 . n.

Henb . Schumachea a . h . (L ) ; Hei b . Vahi 6 . n. (CD) ; Heyne 6 . n. (L) ;Hohenackea 78 (X) ; Kbnig 6 . n. (Le , Mi nbg 6 . n. (X) ; SpaAAman 14

(s) ; wai i i ch (L ) . SOUTH INDIAN SAND CAYS : Juhu : Aci and 962

(Xa ) . Manaul i : 566622 9 51247 (W St oddaat 1553 (W - 2625050 )New: St oddaaU- 7575 (W SALSE TT E I SLAND: Aci and 963 (X8 )MALDI V E I SLANDS : Ma l é : 662 62 2 9 36825 (N . W Hai g 6 . n. [ 1892 ](Pd) ; w22222 118 (Pd) . SRI LAN KA: Amaaat unga 332 (Pd) . 1890 (Pd) ;Cooaay 690928072 (Ld , Pd , W H . Cnamea 3362 (WDavi db e 7773 (Ld , W Dabay 6 . n. [ Aug. 27 , 1860 ] (L ) ; F06beng 8 Bai ahai i hnan 53455 (Ac , W Foabeag, Muei i ea

-Domboi t ,

wiaawan, Goonay, 8 Bai a kai t hnan 50907 (W Gaadnea 8 . n.

[ Thwa i t es C. P. 1949 ] (Br , L , X) , 6 . n. [ C. P. 1949 , Gal l e ] (Pd ) , a . h .

[ C. P . 1949 , Jaf f na ] (Pd) , a . h . [ C. P. 1949 , Negumbo ] (Pd , Pd ) ; Gnupe103 (Pd . w 120 (W Henb . Li nnaeui (Ls . N

p hot o) . (Ls - t ype . N - p hot o of t ype ) . (Ls . N - Dhot o ) ;Mai denhe, Moi denke, 8 Jayaauni ya 28272 (Ac , Gz , Kh , Ld , Pd , Tu , W

Mai denhe, Mai denhe, Ja aadai a,8 Sumi t hnaaaachchi 28119

(AC . E . 62 . Kb . Ld Pd Tu , W - 2 64564 ; Muei i ea-Dambat a 68042002

(Ac . Pd . N Nu222 22 - 06mbo26 2 Cooaay 67121033 (Pd . w5712 1057 (Pd , w wada 732 (W Winawnn,

Goonay, 8 Bai ahaiahnan 951 (AC . N. Pd . W woat hi ngt on 3805

(K) . 4 166 (K) . 4896 (K) . 5143 (K) . BAN GLADESH : 0622 2 62 6 2 undet eami ned 25 (W Hooken 5. 2 Thomaon 6 . n. [ Sunderbunds ] (L ) ; T .

Thomaon 2 n. [ Sunderbunds ] (L ) . BURMA: Tenasser im: Hei éea 6056 (L ,NU - 1459) ; Mai gaano 8 . n. (Pd) ; wai i i ch (L ) . (L ) . Up perBurma : M 5 22h (L Ut - 11493 . V) ; s. Kaaz 1044 (w - 261275 )ANDAMAN

G

ISL NDS : Sout h Andaman: Ki n '2 Coi i ect oa 4 , n,

Pd) ,4 . n. [ 20- 10- 1895 ] (Bz C H I A: Fuk i en : Chang 2004 (Bz - l 9690 ) ;En 2 102 (Bz Gi ng 15737 (NS ) ; Po 12 117 (Ur ) . 12961 (Um

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci enodendaum 107

A. N. St amand 3092 (Ca Tai 11790 (Ur ) . Kwangt ungz Paha

ozhvm 348 (S) ; Ehebeag a . h . (S) ; c. 0 . Levi ne 8 . h . [ Her b . Cant on C h r .

Col l . 914 ] (W Mcczune 625 (I) , 1161 [ Her b . Cant on C h r .

Col l . 13102 ] (Bz - 19688 , I) ; Pi ng 1836 [ Her b . Cant on C h r . Col l .

13661 1 (Cd T2ng 2 Shi h 1462 (Ac ) ; w . T . Téang A. 687 [ Her b .

L i ngnan Uni v . 19091 ] (N) , 2 . n, [ Her b . L i ngnan Uni v . 16650 ] (I) y.

T22ahg 2077 (Bz - 19686 . N) ; Vt hg 447 (Du - 250188. N) . 864 (DuC H INESE COASTAL I SLANDS : Ha i nan : Lau 275 (8 . Bi . Ca - 525025 .

Mi . N. S. N 3912 (N) ; 122 1080 (I) . 1124 (I) . 1351 (Ba ) ;Liang 36591 (S) . 62887 (Go . N. N 62947 (Mu . N) . 66591 (N) ;Tao 23038 (N) ; wahg 33829 (N) . 34861 (N) ; 00 1090 (Ou Ho

nam: C. 0. Levi ne Heab . Cant on Cha. Coi i . 202 (W 1126 (KG62837, W - 778578 , W - 874849 , W - 877405 , W Lant au : Chuh4876 (Ws ) ; McCiwie Hu b . Li ngnan Uni v . 13102 (S) ; 1 012 161 [ Her b . Can

t on C h r . Col l . 16650 ] (Ou HONG KONG : Honk Kong I sl andBanni ng 8 Andu oaon 6 . n. Champion (K) ; Chan 1032 (Mi ) ;Dahi t t abm 36 (s) ; c. Fond 8 . h . (N) ; Ha 8057 (W 2329 (W

12025 (W Taam 134 1 (ha , C1 -82498 , Mi , N , N.

Weioa 1589 (BZ P. W. Woo 198 (Ml ) ; woo 8 woo 425(Mi ) ; c. wai ght 6 . n. (N V2ng 2937 (N) . Kowl oon: Set chei i 6 .

h . [ Apr i l 30 , 1929] (Ca HON G KONG OFFSHORE I SLANDS : Cent ral : Hu 12159 (Mi . W Tamon: Ha 11970 (WT HAI LAND: 06222h8 1440 (w Cuhh225 53 (NS ) ; Hanb en 2 Smi t2 hahd 12256 (Cp. Ld) . 12367 (CD. Ld) ; Heab . Roy. Foaeb t Seav . 6563

(Mi ) ; Lanaen 8 Lahoen 33773 (AC . Ld l ; Lanoen, Smi t i nand, 8 Wahnche1216 (Ac , Ld) . 1248 (Ld) ; J . Schmi dt 5522 (Nu Schombungk 242(Pd) ; Séaenaen,

Laaoen, 8 Hanaen 2525 (CD) ; Vanpauk 839 (BkF . K. wand 37471 (Bz KOH C HANG I SLAND: Sahenaoh , Lahooh , 2

Hanoen 7104 (Cp) . MALAYA: Johore : B. c. szoho 8682 (K1 - 10672 , Ne

Mal acca : Canai ch 715 (Kl W. Gaiflgi t h 6 . n. [ Mal acca ,

1845 ] (B r ) . Pahang: Banki i i 2 Hah252 17334 (Ca n. 2 . Han

denoon 18499 (Bz Perak : Scoat echi ni 1382 (S) ; Seimund 6 .n.

[ 20t h Nov . 1925 ] (Bz 6 .n. [ 30t h Nov . 1925 ] (BzSel angor : Coi i ect oa undet eami ned 4634 (Kl Si ngapore : Coi i ect on undet eami ned 6 . n. (Bz Ri di ey 6 . n. [ 1896 ] (BzB. 0 . St one 6240 (K1 Togaahi 6221222 (W Wai i i ch

(L , Pd) . St at e undet ermi ned : Ri edei a . h . (K) . MALAYAN IS

LANDS : Langkaw i : B. c. szohe 10989 (Kl St udent é 5A (Kl110 (Kl Tuh hau 748 (K1 Vap (KlTi oman : Vean 6 . n. (Ne V I E TNAM : Annam: Pet ei ot

1402 (Ca - 223766 , W c . B. Rob2h2 6 h 1143 (N) ; 3602 2 22 371

(Bz - 19687, c6 - 3O7207 , Gg- 159496 , L , La , Mi , N , Pd , W e.

H . 02 2 22 2 8056 (W Cochinchina : 22 2 2 2 2 136 (B, ea

226 (S) ; Thohet 219 (B, Bz - 72837 , Bz - 72838 , Ca - 54955 , N, S) . Pu

l au Condor I sl and : Penny 186 in par t (Ca RYUKYU I SLANDARC H I P E LAGO: Amanioshima : Kimana 8 Haauaawa 23 (W 33 (W

I r i omot e : 268622 9 37769 (N wai heh 8'

flm0ada 6554

(W Miyako : Foabeag 38479 (N Ok i nawa : Beauchamp 9246 (W w . 0. shown 1600 (Au Hat uaima17242 (W Heab . Boehmea 2 Co . 165 (N) ; Koyama , Fukuoka , 2

Kat o 566 [ F1 . Jap. Exsicc . 315 ] (Mu , N ) ; 2 , Mona" 4995 (W

108 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 2

5055 (Cd - 78640 , W Na226 6 .n. [March 19, 1927] (WNahamine 2 Mohah 4995 (Bi . Ca A . R. Phi t t ipé 47

(N 48 (N E . H . wai hea 7578 (N wai hoh ,

Sonohaha ,Tawada , 8 Amano 7133 (N) . Osh ima : Faahi e 3986 (V

Sh imoj i : Ohuhaaa 8 Sunagaau. 109 (W Taket omi : Foobehg37604 (W I sl and undet ermi ned : C. waight 6 .n. [ LOO- 000 0I sl ands ] (1 , W TAI WAN: A. Hanha 6 . h . [ Takow ] (W(78t 399 (T ) ; Tana laa g Shim da 11030 (B : 8 9 G0 9 La : Mi , MU , N: S ’

N E . H . w226 oh 9867 (N~ Yamamot o 1058 (N) .PH I L I P P I NE I SLANDS : Bal abac : Ram06 2 Edano, Heab . Phi i ip. Bah . 362 .

49654 (Ca - 35914O) . 49674 (Ca - 359144 , Mi ) . Bat an : M. Ramos ,Phi i ip.

Bah . Sci . 80192 (BZ - 19598 : Mi ) Cuyo : Cei eat i no, Hehb . Phi i ip. Bah .

Sci . 10874 (Cm) . Ley t e : Gt aaaman 807 (Ur ) . Luzon: Ahehn ' B Coi i ect Oh

6 .n. [ Mer r i l l Dec . P h i l i p. F1 . 146 ] (Ou - 9530 , It , Mi , N , Os , W

Bacani , Hohb . Phi i ip. t . Bah . 16688 (L) ; M. s. c2emoh617299 (Ca [Ol ongapo , Mar . 1924 ] (Ca H . M.

Gunhan, Hehb . Phi i ip. Foh . Bah . 6357 (B r ) , 16587 (L) ; Cahhan 8 Menh222 , Hehh. Phi i ip. t . Bah . 8402 (Bz E2moh 8121 (L) ; Ghandahi 6 . n. [ Mani l l a ] (Ld - phot o , N -

phot o , S) ; Let e 277 (OuLohea 6 . n. [ Ri zal P rov . , June 1913 ] (Ca E . D. Menni t i 275

(Mu - 4179 , Ut - 22407 , W 324 (W Sp. B2ah o. 813

(Bz - 19602 . N. w M. Ramoa,Hahb . Phi i ip. Bah . 3 62 . 7444 (L)

27654 (Bz - 19601 , w Rot hdaaocheh a . h . [ Mani l l a 1879] (Mu1614 . Mu J . v. Sant 06 4333 (N Udaoco, Hohb . Phi t

2p. t . Bah . 27298 (Bz 2 . s. w2222am6 321 (N. N

M i ndanao : DeVoh e 8 Hooven 157 (W Nee 7 (Q) ; wi i keA,U. S .

Expt . Exped. 6 . n. (T) ; R. S . wi i i iamo 3066 (N) . M i ndoro : Conhi in,Phi i i p. Nat . Heab . 18728 (W M. T . chaz 210 (Ur ) ; E . D.

Mehhi i t 1233 (W 2392 (W Pa lmas : Meahn6 o. h . [ Jan .

21 , 1906 ] (W Panay : E . B. Copei and 124 (W Ramos2 Edano, Heho. Ph222p. Bah . 3 62 . 31505 (Bz Sahu2ha8 , Hehb.

Phi i ip. Bah . Sci . 20669 (N , W Papahag: S . Oiaen 877 (Ac ,

Cp) . Pol i l l o : Safiuoza 210 [ Her b . Ph i l i p. For . Bur . 29662 ] (CaSul u : Henne 1246 in par t (Ca Tumidao : Hehh e 1246

in par t (O u - 253260 , Ou I sl and undet ermi ned : Née 4 (Q) . 9

10 (Q ) . 12 (Q) . 20 MARIANA I SLANDS : Guam: 0 . Andeaéon 21

(B i , N , W 6 . n. [ Nov . 1852 ] (S . S) ; 2 . H . Bahah 6 . n. [May6 , 1945 ] (W E . H . Bayan 1212 (Bi . Bi ) ; M. Euaha 215 (N.

W - 2633830 , w 1459 (N , W 1556 (n, w

1746 (W 1817(W Foabea 25396 (B i , N , W43423 (W G2a2 6mah 213 Ur ) ; J . Gaohhoho 708 (B i ) ;

Hoaaha 3137 (81 , W 2 . 0 . knox 847 (M i . W Ma

chagoh 423 (W c. c . Hooho 177 (w 188 (Mi ) . 835(W - 287630l ) ; 2 . v. Mohah 4367 (81 . Ca - 51846 , Mi . N 4550

(81 , Ca - 51954 , Mi . w w . L. Nechea 31 (B i ) . 38 (Ca - 745140 ,

W 184 (Mi ) . 218 (W P. No2aoh 30 (B i ) , 427 (N) ;26222 518a (Ca Sagfload 2 Seai e 1010 (W 1076 (n

2 . L. St eeae 43 (Mi . N 123 (Mi . W B. c .

S2oh 2 5078 (K1 a . h . [ June 16. 1936 ] (B i ) ; J . B. Thomp6 oh 14 1 (W 432 (N. N Pagan: Lamouaeax 4867 (N

Rayi eaéon 781 (N 1066 (N Rot a : M.3

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110 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 2

19505 in par t ) ; wanman 4 .n. (S) ; wotflflvon 022522 9 w. 61 (Bz26222 2 22 2891 (X ) . Kal imant an: Dunb elman 163 (Bz Hai t i an

Bz M02 152 (Bz Kambangan: 822 922 290 (BzKangean: 82 2 22 2 26783 (Bz 27651 (Bz 28025

(Bz Karakal ang: Lam 2683 (Bz - 19623 , Bz Kar imand

j awa : Kant a 316 (Bz KoondenA 40697b [ 110 ] (Bz4 11276 (Bz Ka r ima t a : Mandi 140 (BZ - 19440 . BZ - 19441 . N.

Ut - 34074A) . KamoedJan : 22 2 22 397 (Bz KIe in Kombuis : Back2 2 31040 (Bz Lam 2179 (Bz Kr a ka toa : Amdjah 50 (Bz19649 , Bz - 19650 , Bz Backed 35395 (Bz 35397 (Bz

Beumee A. ZO4 (BZ FOAbeng 44561 (W Leeuwen

Rei jnvaan 3529 (Bz Labuan : Baken 8 Bahen 6 .n. [ Jan . 28 .

1915 ] (Gg Lang: 62 2866 5 (Bz - 19483 ) L i ngga : Bannemei j en 7020 (BZ - 19654 . BZ Ma dur a : Bachen 19095 (Bz19195 (Bz Ho

gé t ee 87 (Bz Mamboeri t : Backed 27278

(Bz - 19538 , Bz - 19539 PaI iat : Bachen 29477 (Bz Pani k iJ , J . Smi t h 13 (Bz - 19486 , Bz Pr i nsen : Bonb bumwaafikeé 665

(Ba , N, Ng Sabah : Bahen 8 Bahen 4 . n. [ Jan . 26 ,

'15 ] (09

Saboent i ng: 82 2 62 2 29738 (Bz Saoebi : 82 2 62 2 28262

(BZ Sa r awa k : w . M. A . 82 0 0 22 8101 (W Canni ch zEnoch (K1 Na22v2 0622 2 22 62 1175 (Ph) . 2208 (Ph) . Sas

eel : Bachen 28698 (Bz - 19540 , Bz Sebangka : Bunnemei j en 7480

(Bz Sedanau : Van St eeni b 1078 (BZ - 19657) Sepapan ; Back22 28465 (Bz SimaIur : Achmad 246 (Bz - 19663 , Ut

826 (Bz Singkep: Bannemei jen 7243 (Bz Suma t r a :Fonbe2 1802 (Vu ) ; Hamefi 2 TonOQA 1302 (M1 ) ; Leeuwen- Rei jnvaan 3140a

(Bz 162 2 2 2 9 3236 (Bz 3832 (Bz 9288 (BzM2 2 2 Mohn 9 (Bz Van St eeni b 35 (BZ Voogd

1 107 (Bz 22 2 28 936 (Ca - 234095 , Mi ) , 937 (Ca 1115

(Bz - 19633 , Bz - 19634 , L , M i ) . TemaJa : M. R . Hendenéon 20299 (BzVer1at en : Bachen 35396 (Bz Boedi j n 2953 (Bz

L ESSER SUNDA I SLANDS : Bal i : Van St eeni b 7586a (Bz Voogd 1684

(Bz Banka : Bunn2m22j 2 2 1478 (Bz 1937 (Bz2466 (Bz - 19635 , Bz Lombok : wafifia ce 6 . n. [ 1856 ] (FSavoe : Bi oenbengen 3288 (Bz Sebes i : Leeuwen- R22jnvaan 5193

(Bz - I9630 ) . Sumbawa : Bzoembengen 3078 (Bz POAZhumuA 3020

(Bz T imor : Haab . Tannay 6 . n. (T ) . MOLUC CA I SLANDS : Ambo ina : Bi nnendyh 4 . n. [ Ambon] (Bz - 19558 , Bz Boenfiage 139 (Bz19560 , Bz 375 (Bz - 19553 , Bz 562 (Bz - 19555 , Bz

22 2 2 282 (Bz 5082 (Bz c . 8. 2662 2 80 2 297

(Bz - 19552 , N, w 1 22j8m2 2 2 [ Ema . J une ] (Bz - 19564 .

Bz Tneub 361 (BZ - 19562 . BZ Ceram: Buwafida 6033

(Bz K0 2 n2 4 82 440 (Bz - 19566 , Ut 769 (82 - 19569 , Ca

265972 , Ut 901 (Bz - 19567 , Bz - 19568 , Ca - 236049 , Ut

Te2j6mann 5020 H. B. (Bz HaImahera : Anang 4 16 (Bz573 (Bz Jamd ena : Buwa222 4454 (Bz p2¢g2e

160 (Ba ) . Key: Jaheni 195 (Bz - 19571 , Bz MysoIe : T2212mann 2 . n , [Mysol i wa i gama ] (Bz Sanana : BIoembengen 4390

(Bz Te rnat e : 82 02" 934 (Bz 1559 (Bz(Bz - I9S7S) . AROE I SLAND Kobrodr : Bumal da 4982 (Bz CAROL I N E I SLANDS : CoroI : Kanehina 150 (B i ) . Dubl on : Fabbang 24545 (B i ,

1986 Mol denke , Not es on C2 2 2 0d2 2 dnum 11 1

N , w 1 2 22 2 2 22 2 142 (Bi ) . Eai ai is : A2222 2 91 (w - 2669D75 ) .

Hare : 562 62 2 9 26073 (B i , N 2662 62 3439 (B i , NI f al uk : A66622 6 62 2 26 25 (B i ) . Kau3ema : 2662 22 3463 (B i . N. N

Kusa i e : 72 22 2 2 26 2 374 (Bi ) . Kut u : 0 . A2 222 6 6 2 1206 (Bi .N , w Lamot rek : F06622 9 2 Euanb 46797 (N , wLukunor : D. Andenéon 2187 (Bi . N . W - 2242733 ) MOCh : D. And2 2 6 on 973

(B i , N , w Moen : v. A2 22 2 66 2 725 (Bi , N , N Ho

2 2 22 2774 (B i , N , w NarIap: 2662 22 3569 (N , w - 233323D) .

Nukuoro : Cannoi l 27 (N 84 (N Nunaki t a : F06beng2614 1 (B i , N, w Pel el i u : F06622 9 25999 (81 . N . N - 2332959)47642 (N P i ngel ap: S2 . 1622 21472 (B i ) . Pis : M. 50 2 26

2 15 (w 562 622 24646 (B i , N , w Ponape : 566622 926326 (Bi . N. N - 2332974 022 662 2 2 2464 (B i , 2662 22 3569 (B i ) ;Ri eb enbeng 61 (Bi ) ; Sal omon, 62 02 92 , 2 02 0 2 92 16 (W - 2633741 ) Sat a

waI : 566622 9 46852 (N Sinukut ai : 566622 9 26171 (Si . N. N

Sonsorol : P. T . Benny 63 (N Ta : 0 . And2 2 4 on1075 (B i , N , w To] : H06aha 2730 (Bi . N . N Ta

kam2 22 u 23 (B i ) . Truk : Hv kawa 6544 (B i ) ; P22z22 25 (N50 (w sp2 2 2 2 435 (N wong 1 19 (B i , Na ia z H. F . M0 0 2 2 121 (N Ut agei : wong 6 (B i , N ) . wa t taha i : 562 62 2 9 47074 (N woi eai : 06 2g 6 (w MARSHALL I SLANDS : Aii uk : 566622 9 33945 (Bi , N . w Bikaj i e : FOA622 9 26303 (Bi , N , w B i k i ni : 0 . R. 1 2 2262 46- 1073 (B i .Ca - 909264 . Mi . S . N 46- 1137 (Ca - 909221 , Mi , S , N.

46- 1172 (Ca - 909265 , Mi , N , S , w Daiap: 56662 2 926904 (B i , N , N E beye : Foebeng 31213 (31 . N . W - 2333016)Eni wet ok : w . R. 1 2 2262 46- 1367 (Ca - 909284 , Go , Mi , S , N - 2D63982 ) ,46- 1480 (Go) . ImrUJ : F06beng 26733 (B i , N , N Ine : 0 . An

222 6 6 2 3617 (Ba . Bi . N. N Hat haway 775 (Bi . NE . L. 52 6 2 2 1009 (N demo : E66622g 33867 (Bi . NKwaJaiein : Fab beng 26468 (B i , w Lado : Foabeng 33846 (B i ,N ) . Lae : F06b2 2 9 34067 (Ba , Bi . W - 2212107) Li kiep: FOAbeag 27008

(Bi . N. N 33846 (N Mei i u : 0 . R. 72 22 62 46- 1493

(Mi , S , w Rongel ap: w . R. Tayzan 46- 1400 (B i , Ca - 909295 ,

Mi , M1 , 5 , N 46- 1480 (M i , N Si fo : Fa6ba2 g36697 (B i , w Ujei ang: 56662 2 9 34 186 (w Ut ir ik

Foabeng 33673 (Ba , Bi , N , w Not ho : F06beng 34229 (B i , wKAPINGAMARANGI I SLANDS : Werua : N2 2 2 2 2 g 540 (w- 2585244A) ,

579 (N - 2585173A) , 644 (w - 2575089A) , 645 (w - 2575087A) . G I L B ERT IS

LANDS : Aont euma : M0 02 8080 (N) . B i keni beu : Hanbé t 8 Al fient on 2691

(w But ar it ar i : 2 2 2 662 8 A22 2 2 2 6 2 2740 (w Tab

i t euea : Luomal a 16 (Bi . NAURU I SLAND: F06ben 58664 (H - 2882942 )P HOE N I X I SLANDS : Cant on : F06622 9 2 St oddant 54776 (N NEW

GUINEA: Papua : 82 2 66 853 (Bz 1181 (Bz 1548 (Bz21711 (N9 21834 (Ng - 17094 . w C22 2m22 6

[ S . E. New Gu inea 1878 ] (Mb ) . [ New Gu i nea 1880 ] (Mb ) ; J . 0 .

R. Koch (BZ - 19584 . BZ w . MacGaegon 6 . n. [ near Dut chbound a ry 1890 ] (Mb ) . 6 -4 (Mb ) ; F . 22 222 22 8 (Mb ) . 46 (Mb ) ,

[ Fiy River 1890 ] (Mb ) ; 5 2 26222 2 C2 2 0 2 2 4474 (w womenéfiey 8 SimmondA 5049 (Ng Ter r i t ory of New Gui nea : Hant fiey

(M i ) ; 2 2 2 2 2 8 F2 od22 NGF. 27267 (N) ; 26222 2 2 9 42 (Bz - 19590 ,

1 12 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

L , Mb ) . West I r i an : A22 613 (Bz Bol dingh 153 (BzBab chpnoeflézat i on 20 (BZ Bnandenhonéz 153 (BZ - 25516 . BZ

25518 , Ut 52 2 222 222 2 226 82 2 22 272 (Bz 337 (BzGj 222 2 2 up 292 (Bz - 19596 in par t , Bz 2922 (Bz

19596 in part ) ; 12 2 22 2 [ TT- 4- 1901 ] (Bz (BzJ2 2 ow6 22 485 (Bz 526 (Bz McKee 1682 (Ng1683 (N9 1685 (N9 82 2 222 30 (Bz 82 2 22 2 364

(Bz - 72863 , Bz - 72864 , Ng 28m22 12 (Bz Royen 3355

(Ng 02 2 2 2 2 29 1007 (Bz 1240 (Bz - 19582 , Bz - 19583 ,

Ut NEW GUI N EAN I SLANDS : Los Negros : 522 222 2 2 8 S2o2 2 LAE.

53607 (K1 M i s ima : 82 2 66 27592 (S , W RadackChomipod 6 . n. [ Jan . 1817 ] (L ) ; 56 222 2 20222 6 . n. (L ) . Sa i ba i : C. 32 2

2 2 2 2 (Mb ) . Sudest : 82 2 6 6 28113 (N - 2409054 ) Uramu : Gnay 8Fl oyd 8008 (Ng Yul e : F . 22 222 2 2 22 (Mb ) . B I SMARK ARC H I PE LAGO: Mussau : Kéi e 8 Ofib en 1668 (Ac , Cp) . New Br i t a i n : 02 062 8 Kazi k

NGF. 15529 (Mu ) ; 026 622 9 2591 (A2 , c . CD) ; F2ogd 6455 (Ng - 16971 )SOLOMON I SLANDS : Bouga invi i i e : Kaj auehi 2244 (B i , Bz - 19675 , 82

GuadaTcanaT: Kajauohi 2407 (Bi . BZ - 19676 . BZ New

Georgi a : Maunu ’u 6 . n. [ Br i t . Soi om. IST. Prot . 6111 ] (W

I sl and undet ermi ned : Kuoche 6 . n. [ Nov . 1 - Dec . 28 , 1920 ] (GgNEW H E BRIDES : E f at e : 82722 6 22 185 (N) . NEN CAL EDON IAN I SLANDS :Ma i t re : 22 202 2 2 226 2152 (Ba ) . New Caiedonia : Bafianoa 4 13 (8. Ca

DepZanche 1049 (L ) ; Fname 1 122 (S) . [ Prony ] (Ca - 314426 ,

N McKee 21 10 (N P2 2 22 2 2 [ 18701 (L) ;3 222 2 222 2 2 15289 [ Her b . Hor t . Then . (B r ) . FI J I I SLANDS : Fu1anga : A. C. Smi t h 1187 (B i , Ca - 601469 , N , S , W KambaraH . F . Moo2 2 21 (w Kandavu : A. c . 32 22 2 3 18 (Bi . Ca - 601028

N, S , W Koroz A . C. Smi t h 709 ] (Bi , ca" 602 117 3 N, S : N

MoaTa : E . H . Bayan 338 (B i ) . Ongea Levu : E . H . Sagan 432

(Bi ) . Oval au : J . W. GL££QApLH 4492 (Bi . 31 . Ca - 448748 , N ) ; A. C.

Sm22h 8092 (Ld) . Vanua Levu : Degenan 8 Ondonez 14 154 (81 . Ca - 16722 ,

N. N. S . Vi ) . 14 191 (Bi . Ca - 16708 . N. N. S . Vi ) ; A . c . 52 222 6611

(B i , N , N , S ) . Vanua MbaTevu : A. c . 52 22 2 1433 (B i , N ) . V it i Levu :E . H . Bngan 192 (B i ) ; 0 . 0292 2 22 14958 (B i , N . N ) ; J . w . 0222 2 662 2

2068 (B. Bi . Ca - 447704 . N w . H . 22 2 0 2 2 (N) : 22 202 22 226 445 (Ba ) . 1009 (Bi ) ; M2 26o22 8235 (Mu ) . 16496 (Mu ) ; 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 353

(Lu ) ; A. c. 82 222 9506 (Hk) ; To22222 8 To2 2222 670 (Bi ) ; J . M. 02 2 2 2

22 2 2 9 (B i ) . TDNGAN I SLANDS : Eua : 22 2 2 62 2 15526 (B i . SS , w - 2129351 ,

Yu ) . L i f uka : Vunchen 15760 (81 . SS . N - 2129445 . Yu ) . Nomuka : Yunck22 15844 (Bi . 55 . N - 2129483 . Yu ) . Tongapat u : 82 2 26 8 So2onde2 1769

(N 2 282 2 2 102 (Bi ) ; 3 22 22222 8 22 2 26 15201 (Ca - 297669)15246 (Ca 15253 (B i , Ca - 296885 , W 15154 (Ca

15256 (Ca 15333 (Ca 15337 (Ca15342 (Ca 15570 (Ca 022626 ,

u. S . £2 22 . 52 2 2 2

[ F r i endl y Isiands ] (N. N 22 2 2 22 2 15018 (B i , SS , W

2 129148 , v2 ) , 15170 (Bi , SS , w- 2157592 , v2 ) . AUSTRAL IA: New Sout hWal es : Henb . Paagan 18680 (Gg Nor t hern Ter r i t ory : Ho22z2 91

(L ) . [ Herb . P rager 186861 (69 (Cm) ; F . 8222 222 520

(L ) ; Sp2 222 945 (W 1193 (W Queensi and : Bowman(Sg R. 82 62 2 (L) ; 82 2 66 2347 (8. Bi ) ; 02 22 22 2

4437 (Go . 52 2 2 622 988 (Ou) ; 22 222 22 584 (Bz - l 9683) ; F . R. No2 2 26

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114 P H v T o L 0 G 1 A Vo1 . 61 , No. 2 1

Dunn A . n. [ Hort . Monsp. ] (L) ; Henb . Hoax. Bot . Fania A. n. [ 1846] (Cb ) ,e . u . (Br . Cb . K. Ld - phot 0 . N - phot 0 . Henb. Hoax. Monepez. ; .n.

[ Aug. 1847] (Br ) . 6 .n. (K) ; Haab . Jand. Bot . de Cel e 6 .n. [ 20 Sept .

1818 ] ( K ) ; Henb . Jand. deb Pl ant ed 6 .n. [ 7 Sept . 1822 ] (K ) ; Mahl enbeck4 . n. [ Hort . Baumann 1834 ] (M) ; Pennat xex 8 . n. [ Jard . des P1ant . Pari s1818 ] (Cb ) ; Robenz 5 .n. [ Hort . Te1on . 1807] (L) . Germany : Haab.

Bennhflndi A.n. [ H. Erf . ] (B) ; Haab . Bnaun 8 .n. (L) ; Henb . Hoax. Bot .

BM Oi . 6 . n. [ dun'

i 1904 ] (B) , [ 1804 ] (LE ) , 6 . n. (B, B) ; Hu b .

Hoax. Bot . Monac. 8 . n. (NU Haab. Rei chenbach 6.A.m. [ H. B. BGTO1 1803 ] (V) ; Haab . Spnengez 8 .n. (B) ; Haab. Zaccan

Luz 5 . n. [ H. B. Monac . 1824 ] (Nu Hi andimaya 8 . n. [ ex hort o

Brei t er iano] (Nu Kneuzpoi nznen A . n. [ Hort . Bot . Monac . 13 Oct .

1859] (Nu Ruhzmann 1794 (B) ; Schneben 6 .n. (Nu wanzhanga . n. [ Ludwigs bu rg] (S ) . G i 1ber t Is1ands : Moufi 8298 (Bi , wGuam: M. EuanA 1697 (N Hawai ian Is1ands : wawna 2503 (V)I ndia : Gambi a 17633 ( K ) , 21790 (K ) ; Haab . T . Cooke 6 .n. [ Co11ege Bot

Gard . Poona . Aug.

'92 ] (Mi . Pa ) ; Haab . Hoax. Bot . Cazcuzt . 8 . n. (K.

K , Le , Le , Nu - 811 . Nu - 1150 , N, w Haab . Hal t . Bot . Sen

amp. 6 . n. (CD) ; Haab . Fi anna 8 .n. [ Cu1 t . in Hort . Bot . Ca1cut . ] (B)Shflh 6524 (Xa ) ; Shi vanajan 8 . n. (Ld) ; T . Thomaon 216 (K)wai l i ch 818 in part (8m. Cp) . 1788/D (K. L) . 6 . n. (Cp) .

It a 1y : Papeni ni 6 . n. [ Pi sa 1814 ] (Ld - phot o . N - Dhot o , JamaicaManch 1732 (K ) . Java : Henb . Honz. 801 . 80908 . 193 (Bz 18615

(Bz 19664 11 .Q.C. 1o (Bz X. F. 10 (Bz - 19446 .

Bz - 25511 , Bz 10a (Bz - l 9444 , Bz X. F. 18 (BzX. F. 20 (Bz - 19447 , Bz - 19448 , Bz X. F. 21 (Bz - 19449 , Bz

19450 , Bz - 19451 , Bz - 19452 , Bz - 25514 , Bz XI.G. 71a (Bz19453 , Bz - 19454 , Bz~ X7.G. 90a (Bz - 25794 , Bz

XI.G. 93a (Bz - 25797 , Bz - 25798 , Bz XV. F. 15 (Bz - 26316 , Bz

XV. F. 15a (Bz XV. F. 16 (Bz XV. F. 16a (BzXU. F. 17 (Bz XV.F. 18 (Bz xu. r. 1sa (B2 ) ,

XV. F. 28 (Bz - 26336 , Bz - 26342 , Bz ) , 8 . n. (Bz - 19455 , Bz

Tei jsmann 5 . n, [ Hort . Bot . Bogor . 1860 ] (Le ) , 4 , n, [ Hort . Bot . Bogor .

1867] (Le , Le ) . Mart ini q ue : DuAA 4444 (B) . Na t a 1 : J . M. Wood 8 .n.

(Na Net her1ands : Haab . Mud . Bet . Acad. Rheno- Tnai ecz. A . n.

(Ut ) ; Haab . Lugd.- Bat .

- 82 (Le ) . - 87

(Le ) , - 88 (Le ) , - 119 (Le ) . New York : fgzyhexhee, N. v.

Box. Gand. Cul t . P8 . 14737 (N) ; Hanzfli ng, N. 7. Bot . Gand. Cul t . P8.

74737 (Ur , Ur ) : N. Tayfion,N. V. Bot . Gand. Cul t . PK. 14737 (N) .

Paki s t an: Huaaai n A .n. (Kh) ; Quneéhi 8 . n.

(Kh) ; gazzm 4 .n. [ Pes hawar , (Mu ) ; Zai di A. n.

(Kh) . Réunion : Boi vi n A . n. [ 15 Avr i 1 1847] (P) . Ru s s ia : Col l eci onundu e/mined (L ) ; F . 17495 11t Hu b . Fu chuA. n. (L , L ) ; Henb . Hoax. Bot . Imp. Pei . Mag. 6 . n. [ 1815 ] (L) , 8 .n.

(L ) ; Henb. St ephan 802 (L ) ; C . A . Mayan A. n. (L) . Saudi Arabia : M.

L. (Manx 16324 (E R. S . Mat hew [ Daharam November 9.

1954 ] (Hk ) , Scot 1and : R. Bnown e . u. [ Edinb . Bot . Gard . ] (Br ) ; Henb.

Roy. Bot . Gand. Edinb . A .n. (L ) . Sr i Lanka : Moi denke, Moi denke, 8JayaAunLya 23171 (w Swi t zer1and : CoLfieczon undet enmi nedA . n. (X) ; Defieb éeni A . n. [ Jard . 1 Jui11et ] (Dc ) ; Henb . Hoax. VazdeGnace 6 . n. (Du ) . Ta iwan : Fanni e 28 (V) . Tha i1and : Sdnenaan, Lanaen,

1986 Mo1denke , Not es on Ct enodendnum 115

K Han4 2n 7297 (Cp) . Torrut z Is1and [ Ma rsha 11 IsTands ] : E. H. Bngan

5 . n, [ Aug. 14 , 1944 ] (Bi ) . LOCAL ITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMI NED: N.

J . And244 4 on 4 . n. [ 0cean . (F0 06 ) ] (5 , Col l ect on undet enmi ned 273

[ Kerepuna ] (Mb ) , 4 .n. (S ) , [ Eas t I ndies ] (Cp) ;Gandnea 21 [Mini koi ] (Pd ) ; Gannigu2 4 4 . n. (Mi ) ; Henb . Mont en4 4 . n.

[ 1801 ] (L ) ; Hu b . 04 62 1111 (S , Hu b . Sch/14 1122 1 (L) ; Hu b .

Swanxz 4 . n. Haab . J . T0 4 4 2 4 . n. (T) ; Heyne 4 . n. [ 2nd March'98] (L) ; N22 6 (Q) , 8 21 04 b2 ch 4 . n. [ Ea st IndieSJ (S) ;Spannman 14 (S ) . MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS CL I PPI NGS : Arachi , Pict .

Present . I ndian F1 . 160 , f ig. 162 . 1968 (Ld) ; Aru1che1vam, Cey1 .

Fores t er , ser . 2 , 8 : 83 . 1 968 (Ld) ; Corner Wat anabe , I11ust . Gu ideTrop. P1 . 755 . 1969 (Ld) ; Du ke Ayensu , Med . P1 . China 2 : 637 . 1985

(Lo) ; M. R. Hender son, Ma1ay . wi 1d FTS . Dicot . , imp. 2 , 385 , f ig.

356 A a B. 1974 (Ld) ; Hs iao , F1 . Taiwan 4 : 422 , p1 . 1058 . 1978 (Ld) ;Ito, Taiwan Shokubut u Dzuset u p1 . 602 . 1928 (Ld) ; Jacq . , Co11ect .

S upp1 . p1 . 4 , f ig. 1 . 1796 (Ld) ; Wa1den, Ni 1d F1s . S . China p1 . 43 ,

f ig. 111 . 1984 (Ld) ; E. H. Ha1ker , F1 . Okin. Sou t h . Ryu k . 892 . 1976

(Ld) .

CLERODENDRUM INERME var . MACROCARPUM (Na11 . ) M0 1 d Phyt o1ogia 29

6 . 1971 .

Synonymy : Ci enodendnon neni iflozi um var . macnocanpa Na11 . ex C . B.

G1arke in Hook . f . F1 . Br i t . I ndia 4 : 589 . 1885 .

Bi b1 iography : C . B. G1arke in Hook . f F1 . Br i t . India 4 : 589 .

1885 ; Anon . , Kew Rec . Tax . Li t . 1971 : 270 . 1971 ; M0 1d F i f t h S umm.

2 : 867, 969, 971 - 972 . 1971 ; M0 1d Phyt o1ogia 22 : 6 . 1971 ; Hock

ing, Excerpt . Bot . A. 21 : 30 . 1 972 ; M0 1 d Bio1 . Abs t r . 54 : 6295 .

1972 ; M0 1d Phyt 0 1 . Mem. 2 : 272 , 387 , 538 . 1980 ; Brenan , Ind .

Kew. S upp1 . 16 : 71 . 1981 ; H. N. A . L . M0 1d . in Dassan . Fosb

Rev . Handb . F1 . Cey1 . 4 : 451 . 1983 .

Thi s var iet y di f f er s f rom t he t ypica1 f orm of t he s pecies chief

1y in i t s mat u re f ru it s being abou t cm. Tong and cm. wide ,

rat her t han 1 cm. 1ong and 6 - 8 mm. wide as in t he t ypica1 f orm.

The origina1 descript ion gi ven by G1arke (1885 ) i s : Var .

macnocanpa , Na1 1 . ms . ; drupe 1% by in. Mart aban ; Na 11 i ch .

Rangoon ; McLe11and .

"Bot h t hese 1oca1 it ies are in Bu rma and t he

variet y seems t o be endemic t here , a1 t hough some au t hors imp1y t hat

t he 1arger f ru i t i s charact eri s t ic of a11 of t he mat er ia1 inc1udedunder t he name C . neni ifloi i um Wa11 but t hi s i s def ini t eiy cont ra

dict ed bot h by Na 11 i ch and by C1arke .

Not hing is known t o me abou t his var iet y beyond what i s here

s t at ed .

CLERODENDRUM INERME f . PARVIFOLIUM M0 1d . , Phyt o1ogia 32 : 46 . 1975 .

Synonymy : Vot hamenia buxifloi i a N111d Enum. P1 . Hort . Bero1 . 2 :

658 . 1809 . Vol kamenia Li gu4 t ni na var . not undiflofiia Gme1 . ex S t eudNom. Bot . Phan. , ed . 1 , 889 in syn . 1821 . Cl enodendnon buxiflof ium(Ni1 1d . ) Spreng. in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 16 , 2 : 758 . 1825 . Cfienoden

dnum buxi fiozium Spreng. ex Sweet , Hort . Bri t . , ed . 1 , 322 . 1826 .

Ci enodendnum buxi éot ium Sm. ex Loud Hort . Bri t . , ed . 1 , 247 . 1830 .

Cfienodendnon buxi éol ium Spreng. apud Schau . in A . DC Prodr . 11

116 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vo1 . 61 , NO . 2

660 in syn. 1847. Ci enodcndnon emangi nat um Br i q . , Bu11 . Herb .

Boi s s . , ser . 1 , 4 : 348 . 1896. t nodendnum buxi fiofii um (Ni11d. )Spreng. ex M0 1d Pre1 im. A1ph . Li s t Inv . Names 19 . 1940 . Cl enoden

dnum emangi naZum Bri q . ex M0 1d . , S upp1 . Li s t Inv . Names 2 in syn.

1941 . Cizhancxyl um emangi nazum Bri q . ex M0 1d Supp1 . Li s t Inv .

Names 2 in syn. 1941 [ not Cizhanexyl um emangi naxum Vah1 ,

Ci t hanexyl um emangi nazum (Wi11d . ) Spreng. ex M0 1d. , S upp1 . Li s t Inv .

Names 2 spha1m. 1941 . CLzhanexyium buxiflol i um (Ni11d . ) Spreng. ex

M0 1d S upp1 . Li s t Inv . Names 2 . 1941 . t nodendnon buxi éot iaNi11d . ex M0 1d Rés umé 261 in syn . 1959 .

Bib1 iography : Hi11d Enum. P1 . Hort . Bero1 . 2 : 658 . 1809 ; S t eudNom. Bot . Phan . , ed . 1 , 889 8 890 . 1821 ; Link , Enum. Hort . Bero1 . 2

127. 1822 ; Spreng. in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 16 , 2 : 758 . 1825 ; Sweet ,

Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 1 : 322 . 1826 ; Loud Encyc1 . P1 . 522 . 1829 ;Loud . , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 247 . 1830 ; Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 2 , 415 .

1830 ; Loud Hort . Br i t . , ed . 2 , 247 . 1832 ; G. Don in Loud . , Hort .

Br i t . , ed . 3 , 247 . 1839 ; G. Don in Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 3 , 550 .

1834 ; S t eud . , Nom. Bot . Phan . , ed . 2 , 1 : 382 . 1840 ; D. Diet r . , Syn .

P1 . 3 : 615 . 1843 ; Wa1p. , Repert . Bot . Sys t . 4 : 100 8 112 . 1845 ;Schau . in A . DC Prodr . 11 : 660 . 1847 ; Buek , Gen . Spec . Syn . Can

do11 . 3 : 105 8 502 . 1858 ; Seem. , F1 . Vit . 188 . 1866 ; Jacks . in Hook .

f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , 1 : 560 (1893 ) and imp. 1 , 2 : 1219.

1895 ; Br i q . , Bu11 . Herb . Boi s s . , ser . 1 , 4 : 348 . 1896 ; H. J . Lam,

Verbenac . Ma1ay . Arch . 320 8 363 . 1919 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu11 .

Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 77 , 108 , 8 v i i i . 1921 ; M0 1d Geogr .

Di st r i b . Avicenn . 14 , 23 , 8 37 . 1939 ; M0 1 d Pre1 im. A1ph . Li s t Inv .

Names 19 . 1940 ; M0 1 d S upp1 . Li st Inv . Names 2 . 1941 ; M0 1 d A1ph .

Li s t Inv . Names 17 8 21 . 1942 ; M0 1d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verben

ac . , ed . 1 , 16 , 34 , 72 , 80 , 8 89 . 1942 ; M0 1d A1ph . Li s t Ci t . 2

336 , 487 , 8 561 (1948) and 3 : 692 8 881 . 1949 ; M0 1 d Known Geogr .

Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 29 , 72 , 158 , 8 180 . 1949 ; M0 1d Resume35 , 82 , 215 , 255 , 256 , 261 , 262 , 272 , 8 448 . 1959; J . F. Macbr . ,

Fie1d Mus . Pub1 . Bot . 13 698 8 699 . 1960 ; M0 1 d Resume S upp1 .

4 : 7 . 1 962 ; Langman , Se1ect . Gu ide L it . F10w. P1 . Mex . 160 8 1010 .

1964 ; Gibson , Fie1diana Bot . 24 195 . 1970 ; M0 1d Fi f t h Summ.

1 : 69 , 140 , 272 , 358 , 432 , 433 , 441 , 443 , 8 461 (1971 ) and 2 : 732 ,

863 , 8 969 . 1971 ; M0 1d Phyt o1ogia 32 : 46 . 1975 ; Anon . , Bio1 . Ab

st r . 61 : AC1 . 581 . 1976 ; Hock ing, Excerpt . Bot . A. Z8 : 171 . 1976 ;

M0 1 d Phyt o1ogia 34 : 262 - 264 8 266 - 269 . 1 976 ; M0 1d Phyt o1 .

Mem. 2 : 259 , 267 , 269 , 270 , 291 , 306 , 324 , 325 , 331 , 349 , 381 , 382 ,

384 , 385 , 390 , 391 , 461 , 462 , 8 538 . 1980 ; Brenan , Ind . Kew. S u pp1 .

16 : 71 . 1981 ; M0 1 d Phyt o1ogia 50 : 255 . 1982 ; H. N. 8 A L . M0 1d .

in Dassan . 8 Fosb Rev . Handb . F1 . Cey1 . 4 : 411 8 454 456 . 1983 .

This form d i f f ers f rom t he t ypica1 f orm of t he spec ies in hav ingl t s 1eaf - b1ades on t he f 1ower ing and/or f ru i t ing branches or branch

1et s u ni formly sma11er , usua11y on1y 2 - 4 cm. Iong and 1 cm.wide ,

narrow1y e11 1pt ic t o obovat e or rot und , apica11y most iy obt u se t o

rounded or even emarginat e , ba sa 11y acu t e or at t enuat e .

Th is f orm appears t o occu r sporadica11y in Paki s t an , I ndia , Sr i

Lanka , I ndochina , t he Ph 11 ipp1ne Is1ands , Papua , and t he Phoenix I s1and s and it s t axonomic s t at u s is uncert ain. [ t o be cont inu ed ]

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118 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , NO . 2

gl andu l ar ,V i l ano f ormado por 70 a 85 cerdas b l ancas , de 1 4 a 1 8 mm

de l ongi t ud .

Tipo : MEXICO , DURANGO: Ri ncon de Las Mu l as , a 3 Km al SW de San

I s i dro , mun i c i pi o de Vi cent e Gu errero , a l t . 2 1 80 m, l adera pedregosa

con Bosqu e ab i er t o de Qu ercu s con Opunt i a y Dasyl i r i on . 8 .

Ace vedo 1 63 (CIIDIR ) .

Ma t er i a l ad i c i ona l exami nado : DURANGO , Rancho " E1 Tabaco",muni c i

p1 0 de Sfich i l , cafiada pedr egos a con Ot a t ea ,J uniper u s y Qu ercu s en l a

dera con Bosque ab i er t o de Qu ercu s . l 4 . III . 1 984 . M. Gonzal e z con S .

Ace vedo 1 32 6 (CI IDIR ) .

A . aceved0 1 par ece es t ar r e l ac i onada con A . l ongi f o l i a (B l ak e )Revea l 8 K i ng , espec i e conoci da de J a l i s co y Nayar i t . Las pr i ncipa

l es d i f er enc i as en t r e ambas e spec i es s on l as S i gu i ent es

Ta l l a

Hogas

Cab e z u e l as

F i l ar i as

F l or es

Lab i o ex t er i orde l a coro l a

A . acevedo i

Has t a 80 cm

1 5 cm de l argo o menos,

gl ab r as o d i mi nu t amen t epub eru l ent as sob re l as

ner v adu r as .

So l i t ar i a s o agr upada spor v ar i as en e l api ce

de l t a l l o , a vece s f or

mando congunt os t 1 r 5 0 1

deos o pan i cu l ados f o

1 1 0 5 0 5 .

60 90 , 3 4 mm de

ancho .

B l ancas , a v eces rosa

das .

6 8 mm

Lab i os i nt er i ores 5 7 mm

de l a cor o l a

l m o mas

1 5 30 om de l argo ,

a sper ament e puberu l en

t as .

So l i t ar i a s en e l api ce

de l t a l l o , 0 con 1 a 3

cab e z u e l as adi c i ona l es .

1 00 1 50 o mas , 4 6

mm de ancho .

La v anda o La v anda ros a

do .

9 1 0 mm

9 1 0 mm

Los egempl ares con i nvo l ucro marcadamen t e t u rb i nado , en genera l

son l os que pres ent an l os l obu l os de l a cor o l a mas pequefios , l o que

hace pens ar que podr i a t ra t ar se de una v ar i ant e de l a mi sma espec i e .

E l nomb re de l a espec 1 e es t é ded i cado a l Sr . Sa t u rn i no Ace v edoS co l ect or de l T i po y ent u s i as t a co l aborador en e l t rabaJo de cam

po .

120 P H Y T O L O G I A Vo1 . 61 , No . 2

Centaurea me11tensis L. n 12 . m, Hudspeth Cc. , US 25

kms of Del Ci t y, Wchast opagpa (“ marsheyi Bl ake. n=8. Tx, madal upe Mt s. Nat .

Park. Pine SPt ings Canyon, BUS 6426.

grigergg giyerggns T G. 2n=ca . 27. NM, Hidal go Cc. , Pel onci l l oMt s. , Clant on Draw on USPS—63, W Since only Met amaseI mei ot ic conf igurat ions were seen in th i s cyt ol ogical mat eri al , i t must be assumed t hat thi s is a t ripl oid count simil art o the count s report ed in Kei l and Pinkava Pinkava and

Kei l Keil (1981 ) and other pub l icat ions.

Erigeron org phgus Greenm. n=9. AZ , Cochise Cc. , Chi ricahua

grigergn Cronq. n=9. NM, McKinl ey Cc. , Zuni Mt s. ,

13 km S of I- 40 on MM- 400, BWS 2188.

grigeggn 1318112 15 Nesom. n=9. NM, Ot ero Co , Sacrament o Mt s. , 8 km S

Erigergo superbus Greene ex Rydb. n=9. NM, McKinl ey Co. , NM—4oo.3 kmS of Ft . Wingat e, W

§a11n§gga sem19a1ya (Gray) St . John 8 Whi t e. n= 16. AZ , Cochi se

11031199515 bel iaotmides (L ) Sweet subsp occideotal is n=l 4. NM.

Legge1ene eriggides (Torr.) Greene. n=8 and n=16 as f ol l ows : n=8.

AZ , Apache Cc. , 8 kmN of Ft . Def i ance , BWS 2184; Tx, Cul ber

son Co. , Tx- 54 , 38 km S of int ersect ion wi t h US W 88:

004; n=16. AZ , Cochi se Cc. , kmE of Pima count y l ine , 8

of III- 1 0, BWS 2011 ; NM, Bernal il l o Cc. , Al buquerque , W base of

Sandi a Mt s. , BWS 2022; (haves Co. , 08- 82 , 25 km W of Eddy Co.

l ine , W 84—002b ; Col f ax Cc. , 3 km N of Springer , RWS 2019;Curry Co. , 08-60 , Cl ovi s , W 84—006; Dona Ana Ca , 1 6 km NNW of

Las Cruces , Robl edo Mt . , W 833018; Eddy Cc. , Guadal upe Mt s.

Nat. Park, Pine Canyon Campgrd , BWS 2004; S edge of Carl sbad ,

US-285 , RWS 2008; Grant Cc. , Ci ty of Rocks St at e Park, 30 kmNW of Deming, 1308 2188; Grant Co. , 2 kmW of Luna Co. l i ne on

IH- l o, BWS 2014; L incol n Cc. , 08-54 , 2 km SW of Corona , W 84

020; Rio Arri ba Cc. , 1 km N of Medanal es, BWS 2281; Roosevel t

Cc. , 08- 70 , 9 kmE of Kenna , W San J uan Cc . , Navaj o

Coal Mine , BWS 2028; Union Cc. , 08—56 , 32 km W of Cl ayt on,

BWS 2048; Val encia Cc. , I—25 , 6 km S of Bernal il l o Co. l ine ,

BWS 2018; Mt . Tayl or, Coal Mine Canyon Campgrd. , 17 kmN of

Grant s, BWS 2141 ; TX, Carson Cc. ,'I'x- 1 52 , 2 km SE of Skel ly

t own, W Cul berson Co. , US-90 , 2 km S of Van Horn, W

El Paso Cc. , Hueco Tanks , 30 kmE of El Paso, W 88:001; Hansf ord Cc. , 10 kmN of km W of Spearman, Pal o Duro

Cx. , W Hudspe t h Cc. , US- l BO, 80 kmE of El Paso, BWS

2996; J ef f Dav i s Cc. , US- 90 , 8 kmS of Cul berson Co. l ine , W40 km W of Ft . Dav is , int ersect ion of '

I'

x- l 66 and TX

505 , W Ochil t ree Co. , US—83 , 1 5 km S of Perryt on, W

Farmer Co 08-60, 8 km NE of Bovina , W Ran

dall Cc. , Buf f al o Lake Wi l dl if e Ref uge , U Robert s Cc. ,

US—60, Miami , W Sherman Cc. , US—54 , 3 km SW of St rat

f ord, W MEXICO, Chihuahua , 45 kmNW of Cd. Guerrero, l

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122 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vo1 . 61 , No . 2

Sol idago velut ina Dc. var. beyadeosis (Gray) 0 J Tayl or

spars1f 1gre Gray) . n=9 and n=18 as f ol l ows : n=9 . AZ , Cochi seCc. , Chi ri cahua Mt s. , 8 km SW of Port al , W Pel onci l l o

Mt s. , 3 km E of NM border, USPS—63 (Geronimo Trail Road) . W 83:962; 00 , Garf iel d Cc. , co-13 , 1 8 km NW of Ri f l e , ews 5134;Pi t k i n Cc. , 08- 82 , 5 kmSE of Aspen, BWS 8802 ; NM, Grant Cc. ,

13 km NW of Sil ver Ci ty, W 11 kmNNE of Bayard, W 81:888; 10 ai r km SW of Emory Pass , W NM-61 , 11 km S of

Ca t ron Co. l ine, W 21 km N of Sil ver Ci ty, WHi dal go Cc. , Pel oncil l o Mt s. , Skel et on Canyon, BWS 831g ;

McKinl ey Cc. , MM- 400 , 3 km S of Ft . Wingat e, W Otero

Co. , NM—37, 2 km N of Rui doso, W Karr Canyon, 3 km SE

of High Rol l s , W San J uan Cc. , 6 kmN of La Pl at a , WMEXICO, San Lui s Pot os i , MEX—49 , 75 and 76 km NW of

Cd. San Luis Pot osi . W and W Zaca t eca s , road t o

Fresnill o, 5 km E of MEX- 45 , W n=18. NM, Grant Cc. ,

Mimbres Mt s. , Emory Pass , W L incol n Cc. , J icaril l a

Mt s. , 4 km SSE of J icar i l l a, W Gal l inas Peak , 11 kmN

of Corona . WIn Anderson, et al . both di pl oid and t et rapl oid

count s are report ed as 89118899 spegs1f 1gre Gray. Use of 3

Tayl or and Tayl or

Sol idago wright ii Gray var Bl ake. n=9. AZ .

Cochi se Cc. , Chi ricahua Mt s. , 8 km SW of Port al , WPel onci l l o Mt s. , Skel et on Canyon, W NM, Grant Co. , MM

90, 1 km W of Emory Pass , W Luna Cc. , Fl orida Mt s. ,

above Mahoney Park , BWS 8231 ; Cooke Range , E base of Cooke

Peak . 1]There are many count s t hat have been publ i shed f or

Wright ii , nearly al l of whi ch have not specif ied a variet al

epi thet . Some quest ion has been expressed about t he morph ol ogical def ini t i on of variet ies in t hi s species. In Tayl or and

Tayl or a novel recogni t ion of inf l orescence charact ers

inst ead of gl andul ari ty woul d make previous report s t o the

variet al l evel quest ionabl e , anyway. Bot h of these variet i es

have probab ly been count ed , regardless of t he int erpret at ion.

Sol idago wright ii var. wright ii . n=9. NM. Grant Cc. . 17 kmNNE of

Silver Ci t y, W Bear Mt . , 8 ai r km NW of Sil ver Ci t y, WHi dal go Cc. , Pel oncil l o Mt s. , Cl ant on Draw, W

TX, Jef f Davi s Cc. , cent er of Davi s Mt s. , WTaget es m1granths Cav. n=12 . NM, Pel onci l l o Mt s . , Cl ant on Draw, W

B : QZ§CAPPARACEAE: Cleome Sesse 5. Meg. (I) ,

Al amosa Cc. , 1 6 km E of Mosca , BWS 2880.

Polanisi a tracbysperma 'r. a 0 . var. t rachysperma. n=10. TX. Jef f

Davi s Co DaV i s Mt s. , W

FABACEAEz Ast ragalus lei t igeoosgs Doug ex Hook. var. diphysus(Gray) Jones . n= l l . NM, San J uan Cc. , 6 kmN of La Pl a t a , 1

km E of NM—l 7. ENS filfifio

1986 Ward 8 Spe1 1enberg, Chromosome count s 123

est-regains raeengsus Pursh var. fi fllonsisetus Jones. n=l l . NM.

Mora Co. , NM- 120 , 1 0 km E of Wagon Mound, W (IJRREC

TION: Thi s was incorrect l y report ed in Ward, 1984 as Q pree:

1Qr_190s. The proper ident if ica t ion was provi ded by R. Barneby.

Qe1e_a_£92 111n Torr. m7 and n= z1 as f ol l ows : n=7. AZ , Cochise

Cc. , Tombst one , BWS 20182 2992; TX, Hut chinson Cc. , Lake Mere

di th , N of Amaril l o, W n= 2l . NM, Harding Cc. , near

junct ion of NM- 39 and NM—65 , _RWS 2020; 0K, Cimarron Cc. , 9 kmN of Kent on, BWS 2084. Spel l enberg (1981 ) report ed on t he

di st ribut ion of the pl oidy l evel s in t hi s species , and predic

t ed th rough st epwi se di scriminant anal ysi s (SDA) t he pl oidyl evel s of specimens f rom t hroughout the range of the species.

Voucher 2084 comes f rom very near t he nort hern-most popul at i onsknown f or thi s species. 2020 i s f rom an area in northeast ern

New Mexico f or which no specimens were then avai l abl e. The

f ormer cont radi ct s the SBA predi ct ion of Zn f or the northern

most specimens ; the l at t er hel ps cl arify a si t uat ion since

pl ant s t o the sout h were predi ct ed t o be 6n, but those the west

were predi ct ed t o be 2 11. The 6n races were considered t o be a

Chihuahuan el ement of the Madro-Tert iary f l ora, and Weber (1980)

proposed t hat th is el ement i s expanding nort hward int o t he

southern Rocky Mt s. In t hi s region t he 6n races apparent lyf orm t he northern—most popul at i ons in th i s morphol ogical l yvariabl e but taxonomical ly monotypic species. 2084 al so rei t

erat es the need f or cyt ol ogi cal st udy of t he east ern popul a

t i ons of the pl ant where Zn and 6n races are in cont act . 84010 support s t he Zn predict ion f or the east ern range of t he

species .

0_a1ea grey; (Vail ) Wms. n=7. AZ , Cochi se Co. . Pel oncil l o

Mt s . , Skel et on Canyon, W

Desmodium Hemsl . n=l l . MEXICI) , Jal isco, ca. 24 km S

of Puert a Val l art a, BWS 8442.

1.091a Watson. n=24. NM, Otero Co Tul arosa Canyon,

1 0 km S of Mescal ero, W

LAMIACEAE: sel via Benth. n=9. NM, Val encia Cc. , E

Luna Cc. , IH—l o, 34 kmW of Deming, _BWS 8928.

NYCM INACEAE: W1reb111s (Pursh) Heim. n=zo. NM,

San J uan Cc. , 8 kmN of La Pl at a , 5 kmE of NM- l 7. BWS 8189.

Tayl or and Brockman (1966) report a chromosome compl ement of

26 b ival ent s wi t h normal meiosi s f or t hi s widespread and morphol ogica l ly variabl e species and propose a base number of 13 f or

t he genus. They not e, however, earl i er report s of n 29.

Cl ear meiot ic conf igurat ions in the Nyct aginaceae are of t en

very dif f i cul t t o obt ain. The chromosomes are smal l and st i ckywi t h the homol ogues not remaining in t ight l y associat ed biva

l ent s prior t o met aphase I , even t hough anaphase is usual ly

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CONTRIBUCIONES AL ESTUDIO DE LAS MIRTACEAS MEXlCANAS. l

Pab lo E. Sanchez VindasMuseo Nacionalde Costa Rica

Apdo 749, San José

Costa R108 .

Inst ituto Nacional de Invest igat ions: sobre Recursos Biot lcosApdo. 623-091000, Xalapa, Ver.

Méx1co

Bugema mozomboensls P.E. Sa'

nchez V . sp. nov.

Fru tex glaber, 1 metralis; ramu li: flavo-griseus, diminu to-fissuratus. Folz’

a glabra, elliptica

vel ovata, L4 cm longa, apzcem acu ta, bastm acu ta vel cuneata, costa supra elevatus subtuspromi

nens,lamma supra a trovmde subtus subvmde, glandu loso,

:

petr'

oli mm longi, 1 mm crassi, F lores

soli tarius vel 2-3 ad nodus; peduncul: -3-2 mm long:; bracteolae 2, conm tae, mm longae;

t antht'

um infundibulzformls; calycis lob1'

4, ovat : vel trx'

angu lari, 3-3. 7mm longi, 2 mm lat i, dis cus

-3 mm la tus vix pilosi, ovarmm brlocu lare; ovu la in quoque loculo 2 stylus-7 mm longus.

Fructu sglobosus, 1-82 . 7 cm longus et dzametro; semina 1 , embryo homogeneus.

Arbusto muy ramif icado desde la base, usualmente de 1 m de alt ura, glabro,excepto por

Ios C llIOS de las bracteolas, Ios lobulos del 06112 y algunospelos en el dISCO estammal, corteza verde-grusacea,

f lsurada, exfoliandose en placas delgadas y grlséceas, expomendo una corteza café-amarlllenta;cort eza mterna rouza o rosada, ramas gris-amarillentas, d1m1nutamente f lsuradas; ramltas jovenes degrls

-aman llentas a café-ronzas, cost llladas. H0 )as pecuoladas, de ovadas a elipt lcas, algunas ovado-elip

t lcas, 5 cm de largo,

-112 4 cm de ancho, apice generalmente agudo, algunas veces obt usoredondeado, base de aguda a cuneiforme, con frecuencua los mérgenes decurrentes sobre el peciolo,

margen algo revoluto,nerv 1o central elevado,

usualmente aplanandose hacua la base y alapice en la haz,

prominente en el envés, nervuos Iaterales 7-10 en cada lado,escasamente V lSlbleS y palldos en la haz

prominentes en el envés, ascendiendo en un angu lo de 40-500 ,nerv io marginal arqueado ent re Ios

Iaterales e igual de prommente que estos, I-I.S mm delmargen,la

'

mlna verde y dpaca, generalmente con

manchas pélldas en la haz, verde-claro o amarlllentas en el envés, glabras, conaceas, con glandu las concavas muy abundantes prmcupalmente en al envés, peciolo acanalado, glandu loso-rugoso, glabro, I

mm de largo ,Imm de espesor Flores ax1|ares, algunas veces en los entrenudos 0 en las ax ilas de las

yemas vegetatwas en Ios brotes jovenes, solitanas 0 en pares en cada ax1|a 0 en gruposde tres en cadanudo, peduncu lo de l.4

-3 2 mm de largo , mm de ancho, glabro, algo glandu loso, bracteo las 2 ,

connadas en la base,formando una espeme de ll

‘

lVOlUCTO,de ovadas a lanceoladas, mmde largo,

hasta de mm de ancho en la base, CllladaS, algo pubescentes en alapice, h lpanto infundibuhforme,

I.7-2 5 mm de largo , glabro , algo glandu loso, Iobulosdel caliz 4 ,de ovados a t riangu lares, 3 mmde

largo, 2 -2 5 mm de ancho,cdncavos, subcorlaceos, externamente con glandu les concaves, cullados,

petalos 4 ,b lancos, de redondeados a elipt lcos, 35 4 7 mm de largo, 3 mm de ancho, callados,

estambres 60-100, de 56 mm de largo , anteras hasta de mm de largo, disco de -3 mmde ancho

esparcudamente piloso , ovario b llocular, ovulos 24 en cada locu lo, est llo -7 mm de largo, glabro.

Fru to de verde a 10 10 al madurar, globoso, glabro,

al apice coronado con Ios Iobulosdelcallz, pedL'

m

cu lo de 0 7-2 mm de largo, semilla I, de redondeada a ob lada,l-13 om de largo, I.4-l 6 cm de ancho,

embrlon homogéneo, rad lcula adnata a Ios cot lledones

T IPO MEX ICO Veracruz Mumcrplo de Actopan,El Comun (Sierra Manuel Diaz)-Mozomboa, 50

m s n m R . A costa et al. 33. (Hotot lpo XAL , lSOIlpOS CR,MEXU, F, MO, NY)

'

Parcualmente fmancnado por CONICYT (Costa Rica) y CONACYT (Méx1co)

126

l 986 Sanchez Vindas , Mirt aceas mex icanas 127

Eugema mozomboensis (Fig. se caracteriza pruncnpalmente, por poseer frutos muygrandes en comparacnc

’

mcon al tamafio de sus h0 1as, sus f lores solitarlas y su forma arbust iva. Esta

cercanamente relacionada con E . liebmanmz Standl pero ambas pueden d1ferenc1arse por el tamaiiode las hows y lo diminutamente hisplduloso-

puberulento de las ramas, peciolo e inf lorescencna en E .

llebmanm.

Se distribuye princ1palmente en la Selva Baja Cadumfolla. Su f loracudn ha SldO observadadurante enero y febrero; su fruct ufncacnon pruncnpalmente en oct ubre.

Referencuas

Mcvaugh, R. 1963. Tropical American Myrtaceae, II: Notes on generic concepts and descrlpt lons of

prev iously unrecognized spec1es. Fie1diana, Bot . 29 : 413-70 .

CONTRIBUCIONES AL EsTUDlO DE LAS MIRTACEAS MEX ICANAS .

Pab lo E. Sanchez d as

Museo Namchal de Costa RicaApdo 749, San José

Costa Rica

lnst ututo Nacional de Invest ugamones sobre Recursos BlOt OS.

Apdo. 63 , Xalapa, VeracruzMéxnco

Como resu ltado de ml act ual revisudn de la famille Myrtaceae en el Estado de Veracruz haresu ltado al descubrlmiento de un nuevo taxa del género E ugema L el cual descrlbo a contmuac1on.

Bugema mirebenszs P.E Sénchez V . sp. nov.

A rbor glabra, 7-1 0 metralis, ramu lzs Juvemlzbus teretzbus, glandu losus, glabris. Folxa glabra,

elliptaca vel oblonga-ova ta mterdum ellzptzco

-Ia nceola ta, cm longa, apicem obtusus vel brevi

acumma tus, bastm acu ta vel cuneata, costa mmersa su b tus prominens, nervi Ia terales u tn nque 1 7-26,

sub tus prommens; petrol: 5 -1 0 mm longt. Racemus 2 - 7mm longus, flores 3-8; bracteolae 2 , conna tae,

mm langae; pedzcelli -2 cm longi, glandu losz, t anthium campanula tum,

’

calycis lobi

ro tu nda tz,inaequales, 2. 7 mm longi, mm la t t, glandu losr; dzscus mm lo tus

,

puberu lus; ovarium bilocu lare, ovula in quoque locu lo 4-13 ; stylus 8 mm longus. Fru ctus ovoldeus

,

-2 cm longus; semma 1 ; enbryo homogeneus (pseudomonoco tyledon

Arbol hasta de 7-10 m de altura, 5 -20 om de d.a.p; corteza externa grls-verdosa, algo

f lsurada,exfolla

'

ndose en placas pequefias; corteza interna ronzo-amarlllenta, glabro,excepto al anlllo

estamlnal y por algunos ClllOS que posee en las brécteas, bracteolas y pétalos, ramas café-grlséceas,diminu tamente insuradas, glabras; ramltas jovenes ellindricas, café-amarlllentas o café-claro

, glandulo

sas, glabras. Hojas pecnoladas, de elipt lcas a ob longo-ovadas, algunas elipt lco-lanceoladas, 6 cm

de largo,

-6 6 cm de ancho, apice agudo o corto acummado, apice del acumen redondeado, base de

aguda a cuneiforme,Ios mérgenes algunas vecesdecurrentes sobre el peciolo,

margen ondu lado,Io cual

lo hace aparecer como d lminutamente smuado, algo revoluto,nervio central amarlllento, mmerso en la

128 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , No . 2

haz,usualmente haméndose plano de lamitad hacua elapice de la lamina, muy prommente en el envéz,

nerwos Iaterales 172 6 de cada lado, incluyendo algunos intermedlos, pélldos en la haz, prominentes enal envés, ascendiendo en unangu lo de 30-400 ,

nervio marginal arqueado entre los Iaterales, 2 -6 mmdel

margen e igual de prommente que los Iaterales, la'

mlna rlgldamente coriacea,verde-opaca en la haz,

verde-panda en el envés, glabra, pelucido-punteada; peciolo recto, acanalado, glandu loso, diminutamente f isurado,

de 5 10 mm de largo,haste de mmde ancho. Inflorescenma racemose, con los ejes

no alongados, por lo cualmuchas veces las f loresparecen como solltarias, axilar, algunas ramif loras, confrecuencua 2 en las axilasde los brotes jovenes, el on central de 2-7 mmde largo, con 3-8 flores, pedun

cu lo de -1 mm de largo, glabro; brécteas ovadas, raramente lanceoladas, cdncavas, 7 mm de

largo ,hasta de 0 6 mm de ancho en la base, endurecrdas, ollladas; bracteoles 2 , persnstentes, connadas

en la base,formando una especie de 1nvolucro, de lanceoladas a triangulares, 0 7-l.7 mmde largo,

hasta

de 0 6 mm de ancho en la base, concavas, subcorléceas, glandu losas, culladas, yemasglobosas, de 35 2mm de largo ,

hasta de 5 mm de ancho, glandu losas, pedicelos de -2 cmde largo,hasta de 0 6mm de

ancho , glabros, muy glandu losos, hlpanto campanu lado,de l-I.7 mm de largo, glabro, glandu loso,

lobu los del ca'

llz 4, deslguales, de ovados a redondeados, o elipt lcos, de 5 mm de largo, 3 mm de

ancho, glandu losos, cillados, estambres 70 80, de 4 5 6 5 mmde largo , glabros; d lSCO de mm de

ancho, pubescente, pelos blanco~plateados; anteras hast a de 1 mm de largo , 0 V81

’

I0 b llocular; ovulos

4 -13 en cada locu lo , est llo hasta de 8 mmde largo, glabro. Fruto de amarlllo a rojo o negro almadurar,ovoide, de l 52 cm de largo, 1 1 cm de ancho, glabro, glandu loso,

al apice coronado con los

lobu los del ca'

liz , peduncu lo hasta de 2 cm de largo, glanduloso; sem1|la 1 , ov0 1de; embnon homogéneo

(seudomonocot lleddneo), la radicu la adnata a los cot iledones.

T lPO MEX ICO: Veracruz : MunlCIDIO de Atoyac,l 5 Kms. atrésde la Camera de Atoyac, 600 m.sm.m.

R . A cevedo a A costa 830 (Holot ipo XAL , isot lpos CR, F,MO, NY , US)

Engama inirebensxs (Fig. 2 ) esté cercanamente relacuonada con E . mexicana Steud, que tam

buén es endémlca de Veracruz, pero se dlierenc1a de ésta por poseer los peducelos ma’

s largos, frutosovados, al (1l estamlnal muy pubesceme y ademés sus partes f lorales y vegetatwas son muy glandu

Iosas Se distribuye principalmente en selva mediana subperenmfolla. Su f lorac1on y fruct ufucacuon

son pr1ncnpalmente de marzo a junlo .

El nombre del taxon ha sndo nombrado en honor de lnsu tuto Neolonal de lnvest ngacnones

sobre Recu rsos Blot lcos (INIREB), ya que con su fmancnamlento y facmdades, me es posib le realizaral t raba)o de campo y descript lvo.

Agrademmlentos

Al Consejo Namonal de Invest igamones Clent if lcas y Tecnoldglcas (Costa Rlca), al ConsejoNacuonal de Clenma y Tecnologia (MéxICO), sm cuyo aporte economico no seria posib le el presente

t raba)o , a la Sra. Ana Ma. Z umaya R y a la Srlta. Horten51a Gomez L por su desmteresada colabora~

cudn en la mecanograf la

Referenmas

Mcvaugh ,R . I963 Myrtaceae ln Flora of Guatemala Field lana, Bot 24 309-4 19

1968 The genera of American Myrtaceae-an interim report Taxon 17 354-4 18

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130 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , N0 .

5 mm

Fug 2 . Bugema marebensis , a hab ito, b . how, 0 . yema f loral, d. flor Vista por arnba

luego de que los pétalos y Ios estambres han ca(do, e, fru to most rando semilla.

Ilust racrdn por Manuel Escamilla, basado en los ejemplaresR . Acevedo dr' Acosta

830,R . A cevedo Gr Va

'

zquez 342 .

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L . Mol denke

VEGETATION OF THE EARTH and Ecol ogical Sys t ems of t he Geo- biosphereThird , Rev i sed and Enl arged Edi t ion by Heinr ich Wal t er , xvi 8

318 pp. , 161 b/w f ig. of draw. , phot os 8 maps , 8 16 t ab .

Spr inger- Verl ag, He idel berg, Berl in 8 New York , N. Y . 10010 .

1985 . paperbound .

Th1 s 1 5 t he t hird , rev i sed and enl arged edi t ion t rans l at ed f romt he f if t h , rev i sed German edi t ion by Owen Mu i se It is a very im

port ant work on a worl dwide bas i s t o have updat ed , enr iched and

avai l abl e in Engl i s h for col l ege and uni vers i t y cl as ses , researcher s ,f iel d nat u ral i s t s , and ecol ogical t echnicians over much of t he worl d .

The many excel l ent i l l u s t rat ions inf orm ef f ect i vely in uni versall angu age . The int roduct ion gives cl as s i f icat ion and def ini t ions of

ecol ogical sys t ems on a worl dwide scope t hat are descr i bed and ex

pl ained in_t he s u bseq u ent chapt ers . More t han 99% of t he eart h' s

biomas s is phyt omass wit h amount s and kinds "di s t inct ly rel at ed t o

veget at ional zones “. The f inal chapt er is personal ly or ient ed as a

warning t o al l who wi l l read . The oct ogenar ian au t hor and his wi f e ,

bot h bril l iant , wonderf u l human beings and cogent ecol ogi s t s , warn of

t he exces s ive t echnol ogical devel opment s in t he indu s t r ial ized ci t iesof high cement bl ocks and parking l ot s wi t h t he res t of t he env ironment poi soned and of t he underdevel oped areas where t he mou t hs exceedt he food s u ppl ies . They s t res s t he q ual ity of l i fe rat her t han t he

so- cal l ed s t andard of l i v ing of t hings af t er t he es sent ial s are met .

It is a pi t y t hat t he pr int ers of t hi s ou t s t anding book did not t ake

t he t ime t o correct a bat ch of mis spel l ings .

ATLAS OF THE PAC I F I C NORTHWEST Sevent h Edi t ion edi t ed by A . Jon

Kimerl ing 8 Phi l ip L . Jackson, iv 8 136 pp. , 167 col or maps 8graphs , 8 50+ b/w phot os . Oregon S t at e Univer s i t y Press , Corval l is , Oregon 97331 . 1985 . hardcover 8 paper

bound .

For over 30 years t he edit ions of t hi s hel pf u l , wel l compil ed and

at t ract i ve sourcebook have been very u sef u l f or al l l evel school s ,t ravel and product s informat ion , int eres t ed res ident s , ne ighbor s and

v i s it ors , and hi s t or ical background . Thi s new edi t ion has i t s 20

art icl es au t hor it at ively wr i t t en by uni vers it y f acu l t y members . Overhal f of t he maps and graphs have been redone in more modern and at

t ract i ve form and , of cour se , incl ude more recent dat a . Bes ides new

chapt ers on l and use and energy resou rces and di s t r ibu t ion t here are

s uch ot hers as on geol ogy. cl imat e , veget at ion , wat er sources , t imberl ands , agr icu l t u re , commercial and recreat ional sal twat er and

131

132 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 2

f res hwat er f i s hing for t he s t at es of Oregon, Washingt on and I daho.

PESTS AND PARAS ITES AS MI GRANTS " edi t ed by A . J . Gibbs 8 H. R. C .

Meischke , x i i i 8 192 pp. , 53 b/w f ig. incl . 28 phot os . 8 12

maps , 8 17 t ab . Cambridge Uni vers i t y Pres s , Cambridge , London 8

New York , N. Y . 10022 . 1986. cl ot hbound ; al so ava il

abl e paperbound.

Becau s e of Au s t ral ia ' s uni q ue count ry- i s l and-cont inent s t at u s ,wit h abor igines who had no pl ant cu l t ivat ion or animal hu s bandry and

wit h early set t l ers who were knowl edgeabl e f reemen and convict

Bri t i shers 200 years ago , early migrant pes t s and paras it es were t he

few t hat were abl e t o s urv i ve t he long sea voyages .

“ Au s t ral ia s t i l lremains one of t he mos t di sease- f ree count r ies in t he worl d and i t i s

t hi s part icu l ar s i t uat ion t hat has gi ven our agricu l t u re and l i ves t ock indu s t r ies t he special advant ages of l ower product ion cos t s and

pref erred acces s in int ernat ional t rade .

“There are 32 succint ly

wri t t en papers by several au t hors on s uch t opics as exot ic human,

animal and pl ant di seases , pl ans f or cont rol of exot ic di sease out

breaks by q uarant ine , preparat ory v iral pat hogen import at ion, A IDS ,bl ue t ongue,

myxomat osis , and benef icial use of an exot ic phyt opat ho

gen. Thi s is anot her book wi t h import ant cont ent for many sc ient i f

ic and s t udent reader s , but al so wit h at l eas t a dozen mi s spel l edwords t hat were not edit or ial ly checked .

AMERI CAN I NSECTS A Handbook of t he Insect s of Amer ica Nort h ofMex ico by Ros s H. Arnet t , xiv 8 850 pp. , l , 200+ b/w phot os . 8draw. , 8 1 map. Van Nos t rand Reinhol d , New York , N. Y . 10003 .

1985 .

Nearly fou r decades ago in some Open count rys ide we and our youngson were enjoying t he l ovely growing season and were col l ect ing somepl ant spec imens . A nearby nat ure—enj oying f ami ly was col l ect ing in

sect s . Our son wou l d have l i ked t o swi t ch t o t hat Ros s Arnet t cara

van t hen and now wil l be gl ad t o have our copy of t hi s amazinglywel l arranged , det ai l ed , wel l i l l u s t rat ed and comprehens i ve t ex t . Ithas an ef f ect i vely number- s t yl ed and pos it ioned format direct ingreader s t o t he s pecies l i v ing in t he cont inent al Unit es S t at esand Canada . The t ex t u ses common names wi t h t he scient i f ic namesgiven in back s ince t hi s book is prepared pr imar i ly for s t at e and

county agr icu l t u ral ex t ens ion agent s , pes t cont rol operat ors , pes tmanagement f iel d scou t s , t eachers , hort icu l t u ral i s t s , amat eu r insectcol l ect ors , and ecol ogi s t s , as wel l as t he prof es s ional ent omol ogis t s of univers i t ies , col l eges and l aborat or ies . The t axonomy u sed1 5 recent . At t he beginning of each order a descr 1pt ive s urvey prov 1des very int eres t ing mat er ial not part of t he keys s uch as , forins t ance " Aphids are t he mos t numerou s and t he mos t inj u r iou s of insect s " . Unfort unat ely t h is book was ru s hed t o t he pr int ing pres sesbefore a bat ch of mi s s pel l ings were checked s t il l it is wel l wort h1 t s pr ice .

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DEC 3“

935

BOTAN lCAL

Published by Harold N . Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

590 Hemlock Avenue N .W .

Corvallis, Oregon 97330-3818U.S .A.

Price of this number for this volume in advance or

afterclose of the volume; extra to all foreign addresses anddomestic

dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume ; claims for numbers lostin the mailmust be made immediately after receipt of the next followingnumber for free replacement ; back volume prices apply if payment is

received after a volume is closed.

A PROPOSED SUBSPEC I F I C CLAS S I F I CATION FOR CUCURBITA PEPO

Harry 5 . Pari s

Department of Veget able Crops , Agricult ural Research Organi zat ion,

Newe Ya 'ar Experiment St at ion, P . O. Haif a , I srael

Cucurbit a pepo L a species which includes squashes , pumpkins ,

and gourds , cont ains a remarkable degree of vari abi l i t y in f ruit

charact eri s t ics . The edible immat ure f ru it s are known as summersquash in Nort h Amer i ca and marrows in t he Unit ed K ingdom. The

edi ble mat ure f rui t s are known as pumpkins and wint er squashes .

Fru it forms t hat are unpalat able and not consumed are known as

gourds . A s f ar as has been det ermined , al l f orms of C . pepo

int ercros s f reely.

The bewi ldering array of f orms of C . pepo and t he lack of

barriers t o gene exchange among t hemhave fiampered recognit ion of

genet ic af f init ies and result ed in no complet ely sat i s f act orys ubspecif ic bot anical , hort icul t ural , or vernacular clas s if icat ionscheme . To quot e L .H. Bai ley (1929 , p.

“ I hope we may f ind a

way t o use t he Engl i sh names W i t h di scriminat i on, and t o t hi s endI am in sympat hy wit h t he at t empt t o harmonize t hem. Myobject ive is t o propose a clas s if icat ion of t he ext ant C . pepo

cu l t ivars grown for cu l i nary purposes ( squashes and pumpkins ) t hatwould s imult aneou s ly ref lect genet i c af f init ies and be cons i s t entwit h bot h profes s ional and popu lar t erminology.

Quant it at ively inherit ed charact eri s t ics are bet t er indicat orsof genet ic af f init ies t han s imply inheri t ed charact eri s t ics .

Charact eri s t ics which are cons t ant t hroughout development and over

a wide range of environment al condi t ions and cu l t ural pract i ces are

more usef u l as t ool s f or clas s i f i cat ion t han charact er i s t ics whichchange during development or whose expres s ion is st ronglyinf luenced by environment al or cu l t ural f act ors . In addi t ion,

charact eri s t ics usef ul for clas s if icat ion mu s t be t hose which are

eas i ly observed by t hose for whomt he clas s if icat ion i s int ended.

Fru1t shape i s t he only charact eri s t ic of C . pepo t hat combinest hese feat ures ; i t i s quant i t at ively inheri t ed lSinnot t , 1935 ,

i s relat ively cons t ant over a W ide range of condi t ions and

dur ing development (S innot t , 1932 , 1936 ; S innot t Kai ser ,

and is eas i ly observed by al l t hose concerned wit h C . pepo ,

hort icult uri s t s and ot her scient i s t s , growers , produce market ersand t he general publ ic al ike . Ot her charact eri s t ics , such as

f ru i t s ize , f ruit color , f ruit qual it y, f ol iage charact eri s t ics and

al lozyme vari at ion, whi le of t en as soc1at ed wit h part icular f ruits hapes and of some aid in underst anding genet i c relat ionships , are

not wel l s u it ed f or a universal ly accept ab le clas s if icat ion scheme ,

as t hey are ei t her s imply inheri t ed , s t rongly inf luenced bynon-genet i c vari at i on or development al age , or not readi lyobservable .

134 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 3

Hi s t orical ly , f ru i t shape has been one of severalcharact eri s t ics cons idered for as s igning s ubspeci f i c groupingswi t hin C ucurb i t a pepo .

Duchesne lEamarcE, 1786 ) was t he f i rs t t o correct ly recogni ze

among t he huge vari et y of C ucurb i t a cu l t igens t he boundaryseparat ing C . pepo f romot her species . He recognized wi t hin 9,

pepo f ive groups of cu l t i vars , t hree groups of ornament al gourdsand two groups having f ru i t s u sed for cul inary purposes . The

lat t er two were t hose haV ing f rui t s wi t h a lengt h t o widt h rat io

about equal t o or exceeding i . e . pumpkins , t he Giraumons "

and C i t rou i l les " , t he former said t o be di s t ingui shed f romt helat t er by a paler , f ine-grained pulp, and t hose having f ruit s W i t h

a lengt h t o widt h rat io decidedly les s t han i .e . scal lops ,t he

"Pat issons

Naudin (1856) recogni zed t he val idi t y of t he species boundarieswi t hin Cucurb i t a set by Duchesne and elaborat ed on hi s t reatment of

t he edihle C. pepo as f ol lows : (1 ) Courgerons (Pumpkins ) havingspher i cal o? oblat e f rui t s , (2 ) C i t roui l les " (Pumpkins ) havingoval f rui t s , t hat i s , longit udinal t o equat orial diamet er rat io

ranging f rom t o (3 ) Giraumons having f ruit s wit h a polar

di amet er t o equat orial diamet er rat io exceeding ment ionedspeci f i cal ly were cocozel le , veget able marrow, zucchini , crookneck

and some elongat e gourds , (4 )"Pat i ssons

"

(Scal lops ) havingf lat t ened f ru i t s , and (5 ) Gourds , f our di s t inct groups beingdescri bed .

A lef e ld (1866) was t he f i rs t t o ascr i be f ormal subspecif icnomenclat ure t o C . pepo , and t hi s was based mainly on t he t reatmentof Naudin. Hence t he subspecif ic groups of C, pepo became var .

melopepo , var . C i t rul l ina , var . gi romont i a and var . clypeat a for

t he edible forms and var . pomiformi s , var . pyrif ormi s , var . ov1 f era

and var . verrucosa f or t he gourd forms . The var ious cu lt ivars oft he groups were also as s igned Lat in names , t here be ing 66 in al l .

Bai ley ( 1929 ) condensed t he f ormal t reatment of A lef eld int o

t hree s u bspecif ic groups : C . pepo var . ovif era (gourds ) , C . pepo

t ype s u b speci es (pumpkins , acorns , veget able marrows ) , and C . pepo

var . me l including var . melopepo clypeiformi s (scal lohs) ,var . t ort icol l i s (crooEnecEs ) and var . melopepo vari a

(cocoze es an hersA Nort h Ameri can hort icult ural t reatment was present ed by

Cast et t er ( 1925 ) who recognized as separat e groups t he F ield and

Pie Pumpkins , Scal lop, Summer Crookneck , Veget able Marrow ( int ot hese were incl uded Cocozel le and Zucchini ) , Fordhook (a groupcharact eri zed by f rui t s t hat were short club- shaped and

longi t udinal ly grooved"

) and Table Queen. Thi s t reatment hasgained some accept ance (Whi t aker Davi s , However , event swhich ens ued relat ive ly soon af t er t hi s t reatment quickly rendered

it out of dat e . The f irs t of t hese event s was t he decl ine and

near di sappearance of t he Fordhook group (Tapley et al .

Ot her event s were t he quick r i se of new groups , s uch as t he

Zucchini . Even as ear ly as 1937 in t he Tapley et al .

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136 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No .

Scal lopvar . clypeat a Acorn

var . t urbinat a

Crookneck St raight neck

var t ort icol l i s var . rect icol l is

Veget able Marrow

var . f ast igat a Zucchini

var . cyl indrica

F igure 1 . Fruit shape of each of t he eight cult ivar groups of

Cucurbit a pepo . Prox imal (s t em) end is at t op, di s t al (blossom)end at Bot t om.

1986 Par i s , Cl as s i f icat ion of Cucunbixa pepo 137

rect icol l is ssp. nov.

6. Ve et able Marrow. Frui t s of short , t apered , cyl indrical

shape . Gradual t aper fromnarrow at peduncle end t o broad at s t emend , rat io of lengt h t o broades t widt h ranging f rom t o

Cult ivars include : Beirut , S ihi Lavan. C, pepo L . var . f ast igat assp. nov . for t he t apered shape of t he f ruit s .

7 . Cocozel le . Frui t s of long, t apered , cyl indrical shape ,

bulbous near Blos somend. Lengt h t o broades t widt h rat io

approx imat ing or exceeding C u l t ivars include : Cocozel le .

C . o L. var . lon a ssp. nov .

Cour et t e ) . Frui t s long, cyl indrical , wit h

l i t t le or no aper , ra 0 t h t o widt h approx imat ing or

exceeding Cul t ivars include : Black Beau ty, Black Zucchini ,Fordhook Zucchini . C . pepo L. var . cyl indrica ssp. nov .

Ot her f rui t shapes ex i s t in C . pepo which cannot readi ly be

included in any one of t he above groups . Some of t hese are

int ermedi at e forms , such as t he many so-cal led zucchini hybridswhich have long but not iceably t apered f ruit s . Such hybrids are in

real it y F 5 between veget able marrows and zucchini s and t hus t hei rint ermedidt e appearance . Ot her f orms are more or les s unique . For

example , cv. Del icat a i s perhaps t he sole survivor of t he Fordhook

group of Cast et t er

Age of t he cul t ivar groupsEach of t he eight cult ivar groups appears t o have a hi s t ory

dat ing back at leas t several hundred years . Pumpkins , scal lops and

acorns are r ichly represent ed in European herbal s , not ably t hose of

Gerard and Johnson Bauhin (1651 ) and Tabernaemont aniIncipi ent f orms of cocozel le , zucchini and veget ab le

marrow were described by Bauhin ( Icon III , p. 2 19 ; Zucha majorlonga , p. 220 ; Cucurb i t a t urb inat a majores albae , pp. ZZZ-223 ;Cucurbit a indica minor , p. 227) and an incipient formof

st raight nech appears in Tournefort If t he int erpret at ion

of f unerary vases f romPeru as being modeled af t er C . pepo f rui t s(Erwin Haber , 1929 ) is correct , t he crookneck f orm is over 1000

years old . Ref ined f orms of al l groups except t he St raight neck

were descr i bed by Naudin (1856) W i t h at leas t one commercialst raight neck cu l t ivar having been int roduced before t he close of

t he 19t h cent ury (Tapley et al .

SummaryAn at t empt has been made at grouping t he ext ant cul inary f orms

of Cucurb i t a pepo in such a manner as t o permi t a uni f ied

clas s i f icat ion for usage by prof es s ional s as wel l as t he general

publ ic whi ch would al so be ref lect i ve of genet ic af f ini t ies . It has

been concluded t hat f rui t shape i s t he only cri t erion amenable t osuch a uni f i ed subspecif ic clas s i f icat ion. On t hi s bas i s , t hecul inary f orms of C, pepo have been div ided int o eight cult ivar

groups . Bot anical des ignat i ons have been suggest ed f or t he groupsalong wi t h t he common names .

138 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 3

Ref erences

A lef eld ,F . 1866 . Landwirt schaf t l iche F lora , pp. 212- 227. Wiegandt

Hempel , Berl in.

Bai ley, L .H. 1929 . The domes t icat ed C ucurbit as . Gent . Herb . 2 :

62- 115 .

Bauhin, J . 1651 . Hi s t oria plant arumuniversal i s , Vol . 2 , pp.

2 18- 231 . L .A. Graf f enried , Yverdon, Swi t zerland.

Cast et t er , E.F . 1925 . Hort icult ural groups of cucurbit s . Proc. Am.

Soc. Hort . Sci . 22 : 338- 340 .

Erwin, A.T . E .S . Haber . 1929 . Species and variet al cros ses incucurb i t s . Bul l . Iowa Agric. Exp. St h . 263 : 341- 372 .

Gerard, J . T . Johnson. 1636 . The herbal l or general l hi s t orie of

plant es . I s l ip, Nort on Whit akers , London, pp. 918-922 .

Lamarck , de M. de . 1786 . Encyclopédie Met hodique ,

Bot anique 2 : 148- 159 .

Naudin C . 1856 . Nouvel les recherches sur les caracteresspecif iques et les variét es des plant es du genre Cucurb i t a .

Ann. Sci . Nat Bot ser . 4 , 6 : 5- 73 , 3 plat es .

S innot t , E.W . 1932 . Shape changes during f ruit development in

Cucurbi t a and t heir import ance in t he s t udy of shape

S innot t , E.W. 1935 . Evidence for t he ex i s t ence of genes cont rol l ings hape . Genet ics 20 : 12- 2 1 .

S innot t , E.W. 1936 . A development al analys i s of inherit ed shapedi f f erences in cucurb it f rui t s . Am. Nat . 70 : 245- 254 .

S innot t , E .W. 5 . Kai ser . 1934 . Two t ypes of genet ic cont rol over

t he development of shape . Bul l . Torrey Bot . C lub 61 : 1-7 .

Tabernaemont ani , J .T . 1664 . New und vol l fommen Kraeut er-Buch , pp.

855-867. J . Koenigs , Basel .

Tapley, W.T N.O. EnZ i e G.P . Van Eselt ine . 1937. The veget ablesof New York , Vol . 1 , Part 4 . J .B . Lyon, A lbany , NY, 131 pp.

Tournefort , J .P . 1700 . Inst it ut iones rei herbariae , pp. 102 - 108 ,

plat e 33 . E. Typographia Regia, Pari s .

1967 . Unit ed St at es s t andards for grades of summersquash , ef f ect ive March 26 , 1945 . Agricult ural Market ingService ,

Washingt on, DC, 3 pp.

1969 . Growing pumpkins and squashes . Farmers ' Bul l No.

2086 . Agricult ural Research Service , Washingt on, DC, 121 pp.

Whi t aker , T .W. G.N. Davi s . 1962 . Cucurbit s . World Crops Books ,N. Polunin, Ed . Leonard Hi l l , London, p. 51 .

Cont ri but i on No . 1851- E, 1986 seri es , f romt he Agricult uralResearch Organizat ion, Bet Dagan, I srael .

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140 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , N0 . 3

TIPO MEX ICO Veracruz, Cerro el V igi'

a, Estacion de Biologia Tropical LosTuxt las San Andrés

Tuxt la, 500 m s.nm. M . Cha’

zaro 419 (XAL)

PARATIPOS . MEX ICO: Veracruz, Playa Escondida. [ .I. Calzada 75 2 (XAL): Playa Escondida, 5 km

de la deswaC ion de la carretera La Palma-Balzapote,Mumcupio Catemaco,

nivel del Calzada

7782 (XAL); Playa Pefia Hermosa, al N .E. del EjldO La Valent ina, Mpio Mecayapan, Calzada,

F . Ramirez 6? H . Perales 1 1 335 (CR, MEXU. ENCB; F; MO Playa Escondida, Municipio Catemaco,

50 m s n m Cas t illo 67 Dorantes 2621 (XAL); Playa Escondida,Municipio Catemaco,

P .E . Sa'

nchez

87 t 1110 1 244 (CR

Eugenia so toesparzae se caracteriza por la iorma ovada y eli'

pt ica, textura y consistencia

algo sucu lenta de sus hoias, nerv io marginal y submarginal muy evidentes y separados delmargen; laproduccu

’

an de f lores en las ramas gruesas y adu ltas; eIpedunculo reducido o ausente de las inflorescencias y la presencia de nudos aberradospor la produccién de grandescant idadesde inflorescenCiasyademas de la presencia de sayia TO] IZa y frutos alargados y elipsoidales (cau linares), no caracteri

'

st icos

de ninguna especie cent roamericana descrita hasta la fecha, Mcvaugh Amshoff

Estamuy cercanamente relacionada con E . s erli‘

ngzi Standley, pero ésta dif iere de E .

so toesparzae por poseer hoias en su mayoria redondeado-obovadas, nerv ios Iaterales ewdentementemas ascendentes (50 peciolos abu ltados; pedicelos f iliformes, edemas de f lores y frutosmaspequefios

Hasta la fecha endémica para el estado de Veracruz , donde se dist ribuye principalmente enlas selvas costeras, con vegeta0 i6n t i

'

pica de Selva A lta Perennifolia y Dunas Su f loraC ion se produceprincipalmente de marzo a abril y algunas esporadicas en l lO , su fruct if icaCion en mayo y agosto.

Et imologi'

a

El nombre de la espeCie, ha sido dedicado a la Dra. Margarita Soto Esparza, como una

humilde forma de agradecimiento por su ayuda y desmteresada colaboraC ion durantemis est udiosdeposgrado en el Inst it u to Nacional de Invest igaciones sobre Recursos Biot icos.

Agradecimientos

AIprograma Flora de Veracruz del lNlREB (Mex ico) por su apoyo economico para el tra

baio de campo y a la Srita HortenSia Gomez L . por elmecanograf iado delmanuscrito f inal.

B ib liograf i'

a

Amshoff, G J 1958. Myrtaceae. En f lora de Panama. Ann. M issouri Bot Gard 45 . 165-201 .

Mcvaugh,R. 1963 Tropical American Myrtaceae,

II notes on generic concepts and descript ions of

prewously unrecognized species Fieldiana, Bot . 29 4 13-470

l 986 Sanchez Vindas , Mirt aceas mex icanas 141

S iTun

E ugenia so toesparzae ,a. hab ito, b . 110 13 , C yema floral, d . flor Vista por arriba luego de

que los petelos y estambres han cai'

do; e rama con fru tos. llustracion por Manuel Escamilla,

basado en eiemplares Cha’

zaro 4 19, Calzada 1 1 335 .

PAEDERI A FOETIDA L COIX LACRYMA - JOBI L AND

HEDY CHIUM CORONATUM KOENIG FROM I BERI A PARI SH, LOUI S I ANA

R. Dale Thomas and John W. Mccoy , The Herbari um, Department of Biology ,

Nort heas t Lou i s iana Uni vers i t y , Monroe , LA. 71209- 0502 .

On J une 22 , 1983 t he au t hors spent several hou rs rambl ing aroundon t he grounds of t he J ungl e Bot anical Gardens on t he Mcl lhennyEs t at e on Avery I s l and in I beria Pari sh , Lou i s iana . A l t hough t hi sonce l u sh bot anical garden shows many s igns of neglect and lack of

pl anned maint enance , many int eres t ing popu l at ions of nat i ve and int ro

duced plant s occu r t here . There are several large popu lat ions of as

yet unident i f ied bamboos in t he woods t hroughou t t he gardens .

The au t hors saw large popu lat ions of a f ou l - smel l ing t ropicalvine , Paederia foet ida L. in t he Rubiaceae (Thomas It was

Sprawl ing over veget at ion in much t he same manner as Lonicera Japonicaand Lygodi um japonicum. It s whi t e t o pink t o pu rpl i s h campanu l at ef lowers are q u i t e s howy . Smal l ( 1933 ) report ed i t f rom

"t hicket s

and f ence- rows , penins u lar F lorida . Nat ive of Wes t I ndies .

“Thi s

i s t he f i rs t col lect ion of Paederia report ed f rom Lou i s iana and was

not incl uded in Thomas and A l len (1982 ) or MacRobert s The

au t hors have al so seen i t growing in t he shru bs near a bu i lding on

t he campu s of t he Univers i t y of Sou t hwes t ern Lou i s iana in Laf ayet t e

in Laf ayet t e Pari s h .

Coi x lacryma- jobi L. , Job' s Tears , i s a cu l t ivat ed gras s t hat

i s al so a wi despread escaped plant on Avery I s l and. Hedychi umcoronat um Koenig, a cu l t ivat ed ginger , al so is a sel f - reproducingescaped cu l t i var in t he area . These two species were incl uded inThomas and A l len ( 1984 ) based on t he escapes in J ungle Gardens .

LITERATURE C ITED

MacRobert s , D. T. 1984 . The Vascu l ar Pl ant s of Lou i s iana .

Bu l let in of t he Mu seumof Li fe Sciences of Lou i s iana S t at eUnivers i ty in Shreveport - 165 .

Smal l , J . K . 1933 . Manual of t he Sou t heas t ern F lora . ChapelHi l l : Univers i t y of Nort h Carol ina Pres s . 1554 p.

Thomas , R. o. a

‘

c. M. A l len . 1982 . A Prel iminary Checkl i s t of

t he Dicotyledons of Lou i s iana . Cont ribu t ions of t he Herbari umof Nort heas t Lou i s iana Uni vers i t y - 130 .

Thomas , R. D. C . M. A l len. 1984 . A Prel iminary Checkl i s t of

t he Pt eridosperms , Gymnosperms , and Monocotyledons of Lou i siana . Cont ribu t ions of t he Herbari umof Nort heas t Lou i s ianaUnivers i ty - 55 .

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144 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 3

coul t eri , as f ol l ows : Machaeranthera coul t eri A. Gray var . ar ida

(Turner Horne ) Turner , comb . nov . based upon M_. ar i da Turner

Home , Bri t t oni a 16 : 324 . 1 964 .

In my opi ni on t he f o l l owi ng are synonyms o f t h i s var i e t y.

Thi s vi ew has been 1 ndependent ly expressed by Hartman

Machaerant hera ar1 zoni ca J ackson J ohnson, Rhodora 69 : 476.

1 967 .

1 72 . 1 970 .

Hart man (1 976) recogni zed f our speci es (M. ar ida , M. coul t eri ,M. cr isg and LA; m

‘

f lora ) i n hi s t rea tment of t he sect. Arida of

Machaerant hera , whi ch he separat es f rom the sect . Psi lact i s (where

t hese were pos i t i oned by Turner Horne , l arge l y by base

chromosome number f l avonoi d chemi st ry and seed morpho logy.

I agree wi t h t hi s phyl e t i c par t i t i oni ng. In a more recent

t rea t ment o f t hi s group by Har t man and Lane (pers . comm. ) t heymai nt ain M . ar i da and a l so pl ace M_. r i E i a (Kunt h ) J ones i n t he

sect i on . Based on my knowl edge of t he group I wou l d excl ude t he

l at t er speci es . J ackson (1 978) has a l so descr ibed a new species of

t he sec t . Ar i da (M . t urne r i ) , wh i ch I wou l d a l so a ccept .

A l t oget her , 5 or 6 t axa now makeup t he sect i on Ar i da . The

f ol l owing key wi l l ident i f y t hese t axa (except f or M; riE ia which

i s readi l y di st i ngu i shed by i t s f l a t t ened , obovo i d achenes wi t h

Key t o descr ibed t axa recogni zed in sect . Ar ida

1 . Recept acl e 9- 1 1 mm across ; di sk f l oret s most ly 1 00- 250

pl ant s of Chi huahua M . t u rne r i

1 . Recept acl e 2- 6 mm across ; di sk f l oret s most l y 20- 1 50.

2 . Ray f l ore t s mos t l y wi t hou t pappus onl yoccas iona l individua l s possess a pappus on t he rayf l oret s ) ; plant s of Ba ja Ca l i f , NW Sonora and the

ad jacent SW U.S .A . (We s t ern Ar i zona , 8 Ca l i f and

southernmost Nevada ) .

3 . Mi d- s t ems dense l y gl andu l ar-

pubescent wi t h

mos t l y shor t t r i chomes ; heads (excl udi ngrays ) cm across ; pl ant s o f cent ra l

Ba ja Ca h forni a . . M. cri sg

3 . M i d - s t ems e i t he r gl a b rou s or spa r se l y

gl andu lar-

pubescent , t he lat t er near ly a lways

i n t e r sper s ed w i t h l onger , cr i sp, non

gl andu lar ha irs ; head mos t l y mm

1986 Turner , Reduct ion of 11a t ar ida 145

across (excl uding rays ) ; plant s of NE Sonora

Mexi co and adjacent regions of the U.S.A.

4 . Mid- st ems glabrous or sparsel y glandular

( int ergrades wi t h var . ar ida )

M. coul t eri var . coul t eri

4 . Mi d- s t ems ra t her dense l y gl andu l ar

pube scent , near l y a lways wi t h a f ew

cri sp egl andular cou l t er i var . ari da

2 . Ray f l orets pappose ; mid- st ems glabrous or nearlyso ; plant s of nort hcent ral Mexi co nort hward t o E

Ar i zona , SE Ut ah , SW Col orado and t rans- Pecos

T exa s M . pa r v i f l o r a

The geographi ca l re l a t i onshi p of t he above f i ve t axa

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986 Pal acios - Chavez al . , Fl ora pol inica 149

BULLOCK , S .H . 1985 . Breedi ng syst ems in t he f lora of-

a t ropi

cal deciduous forest in Mexi co . Biot ropi ca—301 .

ERDTMAN, G . 1 943 . An int roduct ion t o pol l en anal ysi s . Ronal d

Press , New'

York . 239 p.p .

ERDI‘MAN, G . 1 966 . Pol l en morphol ogy and pl ant t amnomy .

Angiosperms . Ha fner Pub l . Co . , New York . 553 pp.

EAEGRI , K . , J . IVERSEN. 1 964 . Text book of pol l en anal ys i s .

Hafner Pub l . Cb . , New' York . 273 pp.

HYDE , H~A a t l as of ai rborne pol l en grai ns .

.MacMi l l an Co . , London . 11 2 pp.

UJPT, ZE . J . 1 985 . Li st ados f l ori st i cos de Mexi co . III . La Est a

ci én de Biologia Chamel a , Jal i sco . Inst i t ut o de Biol o

gi a , Méxi oo .

[LHTV E . J . 1 986 . Di et er l ea , a. new genus of Cucurbi t aceae f rom

LOIT , E . J . , S .H . BULLOCK J .A . SOLIS MAGALLANES . 1 986 .

Fl or i st i c divers i t y and st ruct ure of upl and and arro

yo f orest s in coas t al Jal i sco , .Mexi co . Biot ropi ca , en

ALACIOS , CH. R . , 1 985 . L l uvi as de pol en moderno en el bosque

t ropi cal caduci f ol io de l a Est acion de Biol ogia Chamel a ,

Ja l . (Mexi co) . An . Esc . Ci enci as Biol . , Mex .- 55 .

RZEDOWSKI , J . 1 978 . 611 de Méxioo . Limusa , Mexi co . 432

M unro

JAL ISCO

MICHOACAN

Fu 1 Ew ucmd dd lug." donde se lOs-l llz l I.| E t on dc Bnologu dc Chamt ' n. lal dc

la UNAM

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1986 Pal acios - Sanchez al . , Pol en del Edyt hnoxyfi l m 153

In t hi s paper i s st udi ed at IM and SEM, pol l en grains of

three species of E . havanense , E . mexi camm B .

ma de México .

Few di f f erences show the microspores t hese t axa , at IM are

observed t r i ool porat e , wi th transversal furrows and wi t h ret i

cul at e ornanent at ion , onl y P ol l en of E . mexi canum show a f ine

are observed , foveol at e fossulat e and punctat e

Los aut ores de est e t rabajc rei t eran su mas sincere agrade

cimient c a l a Biol . Yol anda Homel as del Ins t i t ut e de Ci enci as

del Mar y L imnologia de l a Universi dad Naci onal Aut éncma de

Mexico per el t rabajc rea l i zado con el microscopic el ect roni co

de barrido, as imi sno a l Dr .5 -H Bul lock invest igador de l a Es

t acion de Biologia Chamel a , Jal . del Inst i t ut e de Biologia de

la UNAM quien nos prcpcrcionc el mat erial f loral ya i dent i f ica

Erdtman , G . 1943 . An int roduct i on t o pol l en ana lysi s . The Ro

na l d Press Go . 239 pp .

Erdtman , G . 1 966 . Pol l en morphol ogy and pl ant t axonomy (An

gicsperxrs ) Ha fner Pub l i shing Co . 553 pp.

Huang, T . S . 1972 . Pol l en f l ora of Taiwan . Nat iona l Taiwan

Univer si t y . Bot any Depar tment Press . 297 pp .

Lawrence , H .M. 1969 . Taxonomy of Vascul ar pl ant s the Macmi l l anconpany : New York . 823 pp .

f l ora of Argent ina . The

Universi t y of Ari zona Press . 1 43 pp.

Schul z , O.E . 1 959 . Eryt hroxyl aceae . In : Engl er , A . P f l anzen

rei ch . Ver lag Von H . R . Engelmann (J . Cramer ) Weinheim/

St andl ey , P . C. 1 920- 1 926 . Trees and shrubs of Méxi co Cont r .

U .S . Nat . Herb . 23 518x 51 9 .

P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , N0 .

lam. I . lumhavanense . 1 ) Vi sta ecuatorial superf i

ci al . 2 ) cort e ggtico . 3 ) vi st a pol ar superf ici al . 4) cort e

opt i co . E . mexi canum. 5) vi st a ecuat orial superf i cial . 6) cor

t e opt ic'

5 . W as . 8) V i sta polar superf ici al . 9) Vis'

:

superf i ci al . l l ) cort e opt i co . I2) vi sta polar superf icia l .

13) vi st a polar cort e opt i co . Aumentos X 1 200 en t odas las

3

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156 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , No . 3

Lam. III . M uta ticanum. Observ aciones al MEB . 17

v is ta ecuat oria l superf icifi x 3200 . 18) vi st a polar super

f ici al X 3000 . 1 9) acercami ento opt i co mo st rando l a crnament acion foveol ada , f osul ada y punt eada X 5400 .

1986 Pal acios - Chévez al . , Pol en de) Enyt hnoxyfium 157

1am. Ivw c

gl um ro t undi f ol ium. Observaciones al MEB . 20

vi sta ecua cr ia super f i ci al X 2200 . v i sta pol ar super f ici al X 3000 . 22 ) acercamient o opt ico most rando l a crnament aci6n f oveolada , fosul ada y punt eada X 6000 .

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NOTES on THE GENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . xxv1

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Bu rm.

Addi t ional synonymy : Cl eneodendnon Sharma Mu khopadhyay , Journ.

Genet . 58 : 373 Sphalm. l 963 . Ci eaojendnum Bl asco , Trav . Sect . SC I

ent . Techn . I ns t . Franc. Pond . l 4 : 83 sphalm. l 975 .

Addit ional emended bibl iography : Bl anco , Fl . F i l ip. , ed . 3 , 2

l 4 292 - 294 (l 878) and 6 : pl . 173 [ 222 l 878 ; Fern.- Vi l l ar

Naves in Bl anco , Fl . F il ip. , ed . 3 , 4 : Nov . App. 160 - I61 . 1880 ;Mercado, Lib . Med . 45 . 1880 ; Vidal y Sol er , Phan . Guming. Phil ip. 5 ,

21 , 53 , 55 , 62 , 64 , 67 , 74 , 87 , 135 . l 885 ; Vidal y Sol er , Rev . Pl .

Vasc . F il ip. 211 221 . l 886 ; R. Good , Feat . Evol . Fl ow. Pl imp.

l , 352 . 1955 ; J . A . Nol f e , Madrono 20 : 95 . 1 969 ; R. Good , Feat .

Fl ow. Pl . , imp. 2 , 352 . l 974 ; Bl asco , Trav . Sect . Sc ient . Techn .

Ins t . Franc . Pond . I4 : 17, [ I9 ] , 22 , 23 , 28 , 38 , 39 , 58 , 64 ,

83 , 116, 1 19 , 129, 130 , 138 , 141 , 153 , 173 , errat um, f ig. 7 9 .

l 975 ; Alcorn , Huas t ec Mayan Et hnobot . 604 - 605 870 . 1984 ; Mol d

Phyt ol ogia 61 : 77- 1 16 . l 986 .

Addit ional excl uded s pecies : Cf enodcndnon bhnamanamani Pammel l ,

Man. Poi son. Pl . , ed . 2 , 65 932 nom. nud . 1911 probably not

verbenaceou s !

CLERODENDRUM ACULEATUM (L . ) Schl echt .

Addit ional bibl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 6l : 22 , 24 , 26 , 97 ,

105 . 1986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s Spec ies f rom ot her cu l t ivat edHawa i ian species wi l l be f ound under C . i ndi cum (L . ) Kunt ze in t he

pres ent ser ies of not es (6l : 24

CLERODENDRUM ALATUM GurkeAddi t ional b ibl iography : A . w. Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 7 : 5l .

1929 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 360 . l 986 .

CLERODENDRUM BRACHVANTHUM Schau .

Addit ional bibl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 363 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s spec ies f roni ot her I ndones iant axa wi l l be f ound under C . kl emmei Elm. in t he present spec ies of

not es .

CLERODENDRUM BREVI FLORUM Ridi .

Addi t ional b ibl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 363 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p dis t ingu i s h t hi s species f romot her I ndones iant axa wil l be found under C . hzemmei Elm. in t he present ser ies of

not es .

CLERODENDRUM BUCHANANI (Rox b . ) Hal .

Addi t ional emended b ibl iography : Has s k . , Ret zia 60 62 . 1855 ;

164

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci enodendnum 155

Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 364 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s species f romot her Indones ian t axawi l l be found under C . hi zmmei Elm. in t he present series of not es .

CLERODENDRUM BUCHHOLZII GflrkeAddi t ional emended bi bl iography : Thisel t .

-Dyer , Ind . Kew.

S uppl . 2 : 43 172 . 1904 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 364 . 1986 .

CLERODENDRUM BUNGEI St eud .

Addit ional emended bibl iography : Rehd . , Journ. Arnol d Arb . 15

324 - 325 . 1934 ; J . F . MaCBR F iel d Mus . Pu bl . Bot . l 3 [ F1 .

Peru ] 698 . 1959 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 364 - 365 . l 986 .

It s hou l d be not ed t hat Rehder (l 934 ) dat es Lévei l l é 's Fl . Kouy

Tchéou as"1915 rat her t han 1914 , perhaps f rom some evidence not

known t o me . Pauexxa QAQuL AOZLi Levl . , i n t he synonymy Of Ci enoden

dnum banger , i s based on Esquinaz 805 f rom Tchéou-mao t an, Kweichow,

China , col l ect ed on J u ly and Marne A .n. f rom t he Val l ee

de Hong- l ou , at 600 m. al t i t ude , d nan, col l ect ed in J une of 1912 .

The spec ies was ref erred t o C . bungei by Rehder and al so by workersin t he - Edinburgh herbar i um, according t o an undat ed not at ion on

Maire‘ s cotype in t hat herbar i um. It was al so pl aced here dou bt f u l

ly by P'ei Rehder not es t hat "

Bes ides t he charact ers ment ioned by P

‘ei t o di s t ingu i s h C . finagnans and C . Bungei t he calyx

t eet h seem t o present good charact er ; t hey are l anceol at e and l ongacuminat e in t he f ormer and t riangu l ar- ovat e and acu t e in t he l at

t er .

"

CLERODENDRUM BURUANUM Niq.

Addit ional bi bl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 365 . 1986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s s pecies f rom ot her I ndones ian t axawi l l be found under C . kl emmci Elm. in t he present s er ies of not es .

CLERODENDRUM BURUANUM f . LINDAWIANUM (Laut erb . ) Bakh .

Addi t ional b ibl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 365 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s form f rom ot her Indones ian t axawi l l be f ound under C . kzemmei Elm. in t he present series of not es .

CLERODENDRUM CALAMITOSUM L .

Addit ional bi bl iography : Pax t . , Mag. Bot . l l : 184 1 ; Ed

wards , Bot . Reg. 30 : pl . 19 in t ext u . 1894 ; Boorsma , Meded . LandsPl ant . 52 : 1902 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 365 . 1986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s Species f romot her Indones ian t axawil l be found under C

. hfigmmei Elm. in t he pres ent s er ies of not es .

CLERODENDRUM CALVCINUM Turcz .

Addit ional bibl iography : H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 284

363 . 1919 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 410 - 411 . l 986 .

Lam (1919) reduces t hi s spec ies t o synonymy under what he cal l sC . i nfionrunazum L .

CLERODENDRUM CANESCENS Wal l .

Addi t ional bi bl iography : Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 366 368 (l 986)

l 66 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 3

and 6l : 88 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s species f rom ot hers in Taiwan wi l lbe f ound under C . Lnt cnmcdium Cham. in t he present s er ies of not es .

CLERODENDRUM CAPITATUM (Wi l l d . ) Schum. Thonn .

Addi t ional bi bl iography : I saacson, Fl ow. Pl . Ind . l : 335 . l 979 ;Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 366 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s species f romot her t axa known f romIndones ia wi l l be found under C . kl cmmei Elm. in t he present seriesof not es .

CLERODENDRUM INERME (L . ) Gaert n.

Addi t ional bi bl iography : Bl asco , Trav . Sect . Scient . Techn. I ns t .

Franc . Pond . l 4 : I7 , 22 , 38 , 39 , 58 , 116 , 119 ,

138 , 173 , f ig. 7 . 1975 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol ogia 6l : 77 - 116 . l 986 .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s species f rom ot her I ndones ian t axawil l be f ound under C . hfiammei Elm. . in t he present ser ies of not es .

The Adzand 6 .n. di s t ribu t ed as C . commenboni i Lam. , ac

t ual ly i s C . kl cmmei Elm.

Addit ional ci t at ions : SRI LANKA : Mancovi cz 6 .n. (L) .

CLERODENDRUM INERME f . PARVIFOLIUM Mol d .

Addit ional bi bl iography : Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 61 : 105 . l 986 .

The Cl enodcndaon emangi nazum of Bri q uet was based by himon an un

numbered Ru iz Pavon s pecimen in t he Del essert Herbari um at Geneva ,

t hought by Bri q uet t o have come f romMex ico and by Merri l l t o have

come f rom Sou t h Amer ica , perhaps Peru .

Sant apau s t at es t hat smal l - l eaved pl ant s of C . i ucama , when grown

on his Univers i t y campu s , produced l eaves of t he normal s ize and

s hape of t he t ypical formof t he Species . However , smal l - l eavedspecimens are known f romcu l t ivat ed pl ant s grown in Engl and , France ,

Germany , and I ndia , so i t does not seem t hat cu l t i vat ion in bet t er"

soil condi t ions always"res t ores " t he t ypical i nadmc formof t he

l eaves . Vernacu l ar names f or t he smal l - l eaved form in Sr i Lanka

are burende “and

"

gul inda names al so appl ied t o t he t ypical formt here .

The f orm i s based on N. winawun 683 f rom a rocky area near t he

Smit hsonian Camp, Pat anagal a , in Ruhuna Nat ional Park , Hambant ot aDi s t r ict , Sr i Lanka , col l ect ed on Oct ober 28 , l 968 , and depos i t ed int he Br it t on Herbar i umat t he New York Bot anical Garden.

wil l denow's original ( l 8o9) descr ipt ion of his Vozhamenia buxz

60244 is merelyl'f ol . obovat is ret usis int egerrimis ni t idis ; pedun

cu l i s axi l l aribus sub- l - f l or i s . Pat ria R Seemann (l 866) , uni

t ing i t wi t h czanodgndnumLucama , comment s t hat The smal l - l eavedf orm I have seen f romMangal or (Hohenacker l ) , ChinaHongkong (Urq u hart ! Hance ! Rangoon Mac

br ide (l 96o) records it "wi t hou t local i t y , Ru iz Pavon f rom Peru ,and t hi s may wel l be t he s ame Ru iz Pavon col l ect ion on which Bri

quet , in l 896 , based his Ci enodcndnon emangi naxum, and f or which he

gi ves t he f ol l owing det ai l ed descript ion: Fru t ex ramos u s , rami s inermibus , brev i s s ime adpresse pubescent i bus , int ernodi is sat brevi

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168 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No . 3

The corol l as are descr i bed by mos t col l ect ors as whi t e (ergon Amanaxunga 101, Bennandi 14274 , 15345, 15603, 16003, 16051 , Co

manon 896, 01 0 51 3 Vi bad LAE. 61303, Davi dde z Samixhnaanachchi 9144 ,Fashang 2 a2 . 53019 53627, Ha 10250, Jayaduni ya 1352, Mol denke 8

dl . 28244 , Sokmen 8 d l . 8859, Sumi t hraanachchi z 08. 088 . 778a 794,Tinuengadum 622, and aunauun. 683 but as

"rosy-whi t e

"on

Gui l l aumin 8545,"whi t e , pink

- t inged on Simpson 7917,"viol et -whi t e

on BennandL 15300, and“

yel l ow on wand 2140. Fos berg descri bes t hepl ant as

l'common near wat er channel s on l ow dunes back of t he

beach Sumi t hraarachchi ref er s t o i t as"a common mari t ime shru b

whi l e Bernardi , al so in Sri Lanka , ref ers t o i t as"f req uent “

,

“rat h

er f req u ent " ,

"occas ional " ,

"rat her rare

"

, and rare in variou sl ocal i t ies on t hat i s l and .

Hohenacker as sert s t hat t he pl ant f l owers in t he rainy seasonwhi l e Mu kherjee , amazingly , describes i t as an

"annual herb" . St .

John , in Bombay , descri bes i t as having s t ems 2 m. l ong, arching,

f orming t hicket s 6 m. acros s Bernardi , on hi s no . 15300 not esper v iam mare , haud sarment osus ;

rami s robust i s , rect is , armat is ; cort ice l euc0phaeo ; f l ores conspic

ui , al bo- v iol acei ; f ol ia carnosiuscula , ovat a , di scol oria , subl uci

da"and f or his no . 14274 "

in arenosis

f oet idu s ; f ol ia coriaceo-carnosa , el l ipt ica ; f l ores conspicui , can

didi s , f i l ament i s exsert i s"

.

It s hou l d al so be ment ioned t hat on Ciapp P- 78- 9 and Sokmen 8 dl .

8869 t he l eaf - bl ades are apical ly decidedly point ed ; on wi kawan 1114

t hey are almos t rot und , but rat her l arge ; on Mol denke K at . 28243

t hey are var iou s in s hape and s ize on t he same s hru b , on 28244 t heyare al so var iou s , but decidedly mos t ly smal l in s ize . Sant apau af

f irms t hat he has t ranspl ant ed a smal l - l eaved s hru b f rom t he sea

coas t t o hi s garden and f ound t hat i t t here produced t he normal l argel eaves of t ypical C . i ncnme (L . ) Gaert n . It i s for t hi s reason t hat

I am regarding t he t axon as a mere edaphic f orm, rat her t han a t ruebiol ogical v ar iet y (or s pecies ) . Mos t of t he Hong Kong mat erial c i

t ed under typica] C . i nt ima exhi bi t s q u i t e smal l l eaves and may bet

t er be regarded as represent ing f . panuiflofii um or an int ermediat eform.

Mat erial of C . a nme f . panui fiozium has mos t ly been ident i f ied

and di s t r i bu t ed in herbar ia as t ypical C . i nt ima (L . ) Gaert n. or i t s

var . neni i gofiia S . Kurz or Kunt ze"

,Ci cnodendnum anzama Jos hi , C.

f izoncum Rox b Vol kamcnia i nenmid L Pavet iu. sp. , or even Goodeniacoze.

C i t at ions : PERU Prov ince undet ermined : Pavon 6 .n. [Macbride

phot os 24625 ] (Cb , F - 772026 -phot o , K - phot o , Kr - phot o , Ld - phot o ,

N - phot o , S - phot o ) . I NDI A : Keral a : Hohenachen 78 (Nu Maha

rasht ra : St . John 24063 (Bi ) . Tamil Nadu : Vadhoda 215 (N) . Union

Terr it ory : Eras e 20 91 (W - 2827255 , w SRI LANKA : Amaaa1unga 1 0 1 (Pd) ; Be1 nand1 15300 (w 15345 (N15603 (W 13003 (W 16051 (w Buamann10 (Nu Gomanan 896 (Kh, Ld , N, Pd) ; Cooray 68053016R (Pd , N

va u1 d1 0 z Sam1zhnaa1 achch1 8231 (Ld w 9144

(Ld , W Foabcng, Mucfil cn—Dom601 8 ,w1 nawun, Coonag, K Bal a

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cfiznodcndnum 169

hnishnan 51213 (N, w Foobcng 8 Sachet 53019 (Ac , wJayaouni ya 1352 (AC . W Mot denhe, Mol denke, K

JayaAq éya 28243 (AC : 62 , Ld , Pd : N 28244 (AC : E9 62 , Kha

Ld. Pd . Tu . N N. B. Simpoon 7917 (N) ; Sokmen, waa1 , z

E£1 t zon 8859 (Le . N. N 8869 (Le . N. N Sumi t h

1aa1 achgch1 083 . 778a (N, N (0r - 163260 , w - 28054

Tinuengadum 622 (N wont 249 (0r - 163345 , w2140 (w - 287760l ) ; winawun 683 (Ld - i sot ype , N - type , Pd - i sot ype ,

N - 2612073 - i sot ype ) , 1114 (E, N, Pd , w SRILANKAN OFF

SHORE I SLANDS : Kayat s : Bennandi 14274 (N Mannar : Foobcngg BaLalzju

'

Ahmn 53527 (Ld , N, w BANGLADESH: Thomson 4Hooken s .n. [ Pl an . Banget . Inf . ] (Nu - 810 , Pd) . CHINA : Kwangt ungHance 392 in part (Pd) . CHINESE COASTAL I SLANDS : Hainan : Fang 20275

(B, Bz - 19685 , Ca - 11530 , Mi , N, w wang 33809 (Mi , N) .

Lant au : Ha 10250 (N VI ETNAM: Annam: Cl emens z Cl emeno3364 (Ca - 339578 . Gg - 156633 , Mi , N, Ut , w Kunt ze 3683

(N) , 3800 (N) . PHI L I PPI NE I SLANDS : Lu zon : Eocni ion, c b . Phizip.

Bun. Sci . 21080 (Bz - 19604 . N) ; Lohcn 4425 (Mu - 3928 . N - 446872 )PHOENIX I SLANDS : Cant on : czapp P- 71- 9 (w NEW GUINEA : Papua : Caogt z Vi bad LAE. 61303 (Mu , w - 274I694 ) . NEW CALEDONI AN I SLANDS : New Cal edonia : Baumann- Bodenheim 5072 (N) ; Ft ano 1384 (La .

N) . 2233 (Ca - 390577. N. N Gui l l aumi n 8545 (N) ; 01 0111a1 d1049 (C , Pa ) . CULTI VATED: Germany : Henb . Hoax. Bot . BenaC. 8 . n.

[ C ] (V) . I ndia : Henb Cooke s . n. [ Col l ege Bot . Gard . Poona ] (Pa ) ;Mukhenjcc o. u . [ Ju ly 75 ] (Ld) . I t aly : c b . Rot zbbfifi o. u . [Mont icel l o ] (Cp, Ld -

phot 0 , N -ph0 t 0 , S - ph0 t 0 ) . Paki s t an: Foobang 57757

(w Ru s s ia : Henb . Ledeboun s . n. (L . L) . LOCAL ITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Cozzoot on ondoxonm1nod (Pd) ; Honb .

Roxbungh s . n. [ Herb . Mart i i ] (Br ) ; Henb . wLLLdenow s . n. (E - ph0 t 0 .

Ld - ph0 t 0 , N - phot o) ; Kuni akooc s .n. [ Koreal am, 18- 1 - 33 ] (M) ; C .

Waight o.n. (T) .

CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . l , imp. l , 2 : 637 [ as1753 ; Gaert n. , Fruct . Sam. Pl . l : 271 , pl . 57 ,

f ig. l . 1788 [ not Auct 1935 , nor Bl ume ex H. Hal l ier , 1918 ,

nor Dennst 1959 , nor L . ex part e Rheede"

, 1967 , nor Lindl

1918 , nor Lou r , l 935 , nor Miq. , 1968 , nor Night ,

Synonymy : Ct enodendnon 6021 0 Kain K acumi nat o J . Burm. , Thes .

Zeyl . b6 - 69 , pl . 29 . l 737 . Ci cnodendnum 502118 oimpt i ci buo corda

114 t oment ooio L Fl . Zeyl . , ed . 1 , l 04~ - 105 . 1747 . Cl enodendnum1ngonrunaza L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . l , imp. l , 2 : 637 . 1753 . czenodendnum

6021 0 Caro g acumi naro Burm. apud L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . l , imp. l , 2 : 637

in Syn. 1753 . Vi bunnum zeyl ani cummaximum conjugaxo obt an

go 5021 0 ,

620 1 0 azbo Hart ogh ex N. L . Bu rm. , Fl . I ndica 13 in syn. 768 .

Cl enodendnum i ngont unat um Ret z . , Nom. Bot . 155 . 1772 . Cf enodendnum02114 condazio t omenxooio L . apud Murray in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 12 ,78 . 1784 . Cfienodendnum i ngonzunazum Gaert n. , Fruct . Sem. Pl . 1

271 . l 788 . Pi nnahoza Herm. ex Gaert n. , Eruct . Sem. Pl . l : 27l in

Syn. 1788 . Ci enodendnum Lnfiont unazum 60C. Cat o Z acumi nazo P.

Mi l l . , GaFd. Dict . , ed. 9 , l : Czenodcndnum l . l 797 . CZu odenditwn

infionxunaZum Vent . apud Pers . , Sp. Pl . 3 : 365 . 1819 . Ct enodendnum

170 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

Ln5on£una2um P . S . ex Loud . , Encycl . Pl . 522 . 1829 . C2enodendnum

depaupenazum Wal l . ex S t eud Nom. Bot . Phan . , ed . 2 , 1 : 382 in syn.

1840 . C2enodendnon 2n5ont una2umy dzpaupenai um Na11 . , Numer . Li s tno . hyponym. 1829 . C2ej todend/ton i“o t veo

zizum Hal l Numer . Li s t no . 6 in syn. 1829 .

Cfiu odendjzon depmpu axum Wal l rot h ex Ann. SOC . Roy .

Bot . Gand , l : 17 in syn. 1845 . C2enodcndnon 2n5on2unazum L . apudBuek , Gen . Spec . Syn. Candol l . 3 : 106 . 1858 [ not Auct . , 1963 , nor

Bl ume ex Fern .- Vi l l ar , 1880 , nor Bot . Reg. , 1895 , nor Dennst . , 1893 ,

nor . F.- Vi l l 1882 , nor Lam. , 1947 , nor Lour . , 1793 , nor (Roxb . )

Linn . , nor Schau , 1847 , nor Hal p. , 1843 , nor R. Night ,

C2enodendnon 2n5onZunazum Gaert n. ex C . 8 . C l arke in Hook . f F1 .

Bri t . I ndia 4 : 594 . 1885 . C2znodcndnon dzpaupcnaZum Hal l . apudJacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 561 in syn. 1893 .

Ci a odw dnon (10,511a Hal l . apud Jacks . 111 Hook . f . 81 Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. 1 , l : 562 in syn. 1893 . C2enodcndnon 2n5onxunai um Lindl .

ex Br i q . in Engl . Prant l , Nat . Pf l anzenfam. , ed . 1 , 4 (3a ) : 175 .

1895 [ not C2cnodcndnum 1n5onxunazum Lindl C2cnodendnon

5022 0 2a at acuminat o Burm, apud H. Hal l ier , Meded . Rij ks Herb .

Leid . 37 : 64 in syn. 1918 . C2cnodendnon 502228 82mp22 02bu8 conda228

t omenzooio L . apud H. Hal l ier , Neded . Rl S Herb . Leid . 37 : 64

in syn . 1918 . C2cnodendnon depaupcnaxum wal l . ex S t eud . apud H.

J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 363 in syn. 1919 . C2enodendnom 2n

5ont una2um L . apud Lourt eig, Taxon 15 : 26 s phalm. 1966 . C2enodendnum2n5ont unaxum L . ex part e Rumpf

"apud M0 1d Rés umé S uppl . 15 : 19 in

syn. 1967 .

Bibl iography : Rheede , Hort . Mal ab . 2 : pl . 25 . 1679 ; Pet iver , Mus .

870 . 1695 ; P. Herm. , Mus . Zeyl . 59 . 1717 ; J . Bu rm. , Thes . Zeyl . 66

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1986 .

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Kirt ikar 8 Bas u , I ndian Med . P1 . , ed . 2 , imp. 2 , pl . 746 . 1975 .

A mos t ly s ingl e- s t emmed , branching s hru b , 1 - 2 m. t al l , or smal l ,

s l ender , erect t ree t o 5 m. t al l ; branchl et s medi um- s l ender , obt u sely t et ragonal , densely appres sed- pu bescent wi t h ant rorse f l avescenthairs ; nodes Sl ight ly f l at t ened , not annu l at e ; principal int ernodes5 - 9 cm. l ong; l eaves decu s sat e-oppos it e ; pet iol es s l ender or rat her

s t ou t ,- 13 cm. l ong, densely appres sed- pu bescent , somet imes col

l aps ing at t he base in drying; l eaf - bl ades t hinly membranou s or char

t aceous , uni formly dark- green on bot h s urfaces , ovat e , 7 -24 cm.

l ong,- 15 cm. wide , apical ly abrupt ly s hort - acuminat e , marginal

1y ent ire , bas al ly mos t ly t runcat e or s u bt runcat e on t he uppermos t

1986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enodcndnum 177

l eaves , somet imes cordat e on t he l ower ones , s t r igi l l ose above on

t he l amina but dens ely pi l ose on t he venat ion, densely pi l ose-pu bes

cent wi t h ext remely s hort , f l avescent , and appres sed hair s over t he

ent ire venat ion beneat h but only s l ight ly so on t he l amina ; inf l orescence l arge , t erminal , l ax ly panicu l at e , t o 22 cm. l ong and wide ,

appres sed- pu bescent wi t h ant rorse f l avescent hairs t hroughou t , com

posed of 5 - 8 pa irs of decu s sat e- oppos i t e and di var icat e many- f l owered cymes ; peduncl es l . 5 - 9 cm. l ong, cont inuou s wi t h t he adj acentbranchl et and exact l y s imi l ar in t ex t u re and pu bescence ; sympodia2 - 5 cm. l ong; pedicel s s l ender , 4 - 22 mm. l ong, green when f res h ,

densely pu bescent wi t h more or l es s t angl ed browni s h or reddi s hhairs ; bract s f ew, f ol iaceou s , ovat e , t o 6 cm. l ong and cm. wide ,

s imi l ar t o t he u ppermos t l eaves in al l res pect s but smal l er and of

t en more densely pu bescent , s t ipi t at e , caducou s ; bract l et s f ew, of t en

fol iaceou s , caducou s ; pr0phyl l a obsol et e or very smal l , set aceou s ,inconspicuou s ; f l owers f ragrant ; calyx green bef ore and during an

t hes i s , 5- f id t o bel ow of i t s l engt h , cinereou s - pu bescent and

of t en wi t h a f ew scat t ered di scoid gl ands especial ly basal ly , t he

l obes l anceol at e , apical ly acuminat e , t he midri b dorsal ly prominentand more densely pu bescent ; corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, whi t e , t he t u benarrow- cyl indric , 2 - 3 t imes as l ong as t he calyx , int ernal ly wi t h

whi t e s t rigose hairs , ex t ernal ly f erruginou s - v i l l ou s , t he l imb 5part ed , t he l obes s hort , eq ual , obl ong or obovat e , apical ly obt u se ;s t amens insert ed in t he corol l a- t u be , 4 , t he f il ament s capi l l ary ,

twice as l ong as t he corol l a , al t ernat e wi t h t he corol l a- l obes ;ant hers obl ong; pol l en grains i sopol ar , circu l ar in pol ar v iew,

t rans versely el l ipt ic in eq uat or ial v iew, t he apert u re t r icol pat e ,

t he ext oapert ure l ol ongat e , i t s apert u re irregu l arly dent at e , t he

sexine s pinu l ose , bacul at e , t hicker t han t he nexine ; pi s t i l eq ual ingt he s t amens ; s t i gma bi f id ; ovary 4-cel l ed , each cel l l -ov u l at e ;f ru i t ing-pedicel s scarl et ; f ru i t ing-calyx much accrescent , per s i st ent , br ight

-pink or dark-maroon t o red or scarl et , coriaceou s ,

s uccu l ent , spreading, venose ; f ru i t drupaceou s , s u bgl obose , bl ack

or purpl i s h t o v iol et - bl ack when mat ure , abou t 8 mm. l ong and wide ,

ex t ernal ly gl abrou s , s uccu l ent , s hiny , composed of 4 pyrenes , non

dehi scent ; seeds bas i f i xed , l in each pyrene ; embryo conforming t ot he seed in s ize and s hape , erect , whi t e ; cotyl edons obl ong

- ovat e ,

t hick , f l es hy , pl ano- convex ; radicl e very smal l , s u bgl obose , inf er

ior ; chromosome number : probably 2n 52 .

Thi s is t he des ignat ed t ype species of t he genu s . According t o a

l et t er recei ved by me f rommy l ongt ime f riend and col l eague , Wi l l iamT . S t earn, dat ed Augu s t 25 , 1970 , t he obl igat e l ect ot ype

"of C .

2n5onxunaxum is a Ceyl on s pec imen col l ect ed by Pau l Hermann pre

served in t he Hermann Herbari um (vol . 4 fol . 46) here in t he Br i t i s hMu seum (Nat u ral Lourt eig (1966) ident i f ies t hi s as

Hermann' s specimen number 17 , type of his C2enodcndnon 50210 ( are 2

acumi naxo of 1737 .

In t he Linnean Herbari um, in London, I personal ly examined , undergenu s 789 s heet no . 1 , which is inscri bed LnéonZunaxum in

Linnaeu s ' own handwr it ing and is def ini t ely t hi s t axon; i t was present t here in Linnaeu s ' f irs t enumerat ion.

178 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , NO . 3

Thi s much conf u sed species i s apparent ly nat ive t o Sri Lanka (and

pos s i bly t he Andaman I s l ands ) and t here endemic . Thwai t es 8 Hooker(1861 ) descr ibe i t as

"not uncommon in damp f ores t s , up t o an al t i

t ude of 5000 f eet in Sri Lanka and my wi f e and I conf irmed t hi s on

our recent vi s i t t o t hat i s l and nat ion . . It was Br i t t on 8 Wi l son,

in 1925 , who f irs t des ignat ed i t as t he t ype species of t he genu s .

Boj er (1837) s t at es t hat C . 2n5onxunaxumwas cu l t ivat ed in gar

dens in Maur i t i u s in hi s day , f l ower ing t here in Apr i l and May , f rommat er ial or iginal ly obt ained f rom Sri Lanka . Thwai t es 8 Hooker(1839) ci t e C. P. 2894 f rom Sri Lanka and Schauer (1847) ci t es f romSr i Lanka Bunman o. n. and Leochenau2fl

. 8 . n.

The bi bl iography of" C . 2n5on2unaxum

"i s q u i t e ex t ens ive , but ,

unf ort unat ely , mos t of i t i s part ial ly or compl et ely unrel iabl e be

cau se of t he nomencl at u ral conf u s ion which has pl agued t hi s t axonalmos t s ince i t s es t abl i s hment by Linnaeu s . The Hermann (1717) and

Burman (1737) pre- Linnean ref erences apparent ly correct ly apply t o

t hi s s pecies , but t hose of Rheede (1679) and Pet iver (1695 ) probablynot , and t hat of Rumpf (1743 ) cert ainly not . For ins t ance , i t seemsapparent t hat t he so-cal l ed C2cnodcndnon 2n5ont unazum Gaert n .

- [ or"

C2cnodendnon 2n5oni unai um L . of Bose Burki l l (1934 , 1965 ,Crevost 8 Pét el ot (l 934 ) , Cheval ier Poiret

and Ridl ey (1911 ) is real ly C . 02220 8um Bl ume ; t hat of BabuBor 8 Raizada Desf ont aines (1804 , Dop Farnswort h Gambl e Haines (1922 , F l et cher (l 938) ,Jain 8 De Jain 8 Taraf der Ku rz (1875 , Lam

Ldve Kanj i l al 8 al . (1939 , K i t amura (1955 ,

Nairne Maximowicz Parker Penna

Pet el ot Panigrahi 8 Saran S ingh 8 Pat nai k

S t ewart Thrower (l 97l ) , Trot h 8 Nicol son Vos sand Yamazaki (1966) i s C . vi deooum Cent t hat of Pardo de Tavera(1892 ) is C . mi nahaooae var . bnevixubu2osum H. J . Lam; t hat of Br i

q uet (1895 ) i s C . haemp5en2 (Jacq . ) S ieb . ; whi l e t hat of t he f ol l ow

ing au t hor s , al l bas ed on non- Sr i l ankan mat erial , i s ei t her C . 0 22

2ooum or C . viacooum or a combinat ion of bot h : Banerj ee

Caaudhur i (l 969) , Chopra 8 al . Craib (1911 , Du t hieDymock Haines Hartwel l (l 97l ) , Kariyone

K ihara K i t amu ra Mu kerj ee Nat h

Osmas t on Pat el (l 97l ) , Prain Pur i Rodger

S t ewart Tal bot and Wat t The pl ant

referred t o by Das t u r Sydow and Wangerin (1923 ) ismos t probably C . ui 22ooum, whi l e t hat referred t o by Synge (1956) isprobably C . opaciooiooimum Van Geert and t hat referred t o by Nair

(1965 ) and by Nair 8 Rehman wi t h pol len descript ion, is

mos t probably C . viacooum. The" C . 2n5onrunaxum

"wi t h red corol l as ,

i l l u s t rat ed by Edwards (1895 ) is probably C . hacmp5eni (Jacq . ) S ieb . ,

whi l e t hat of Pax t on al so wit h red corol l as , is probably C .

opaci ooiooimum Van Geert . Wi t hou t examinat ion of any voucher her

bar i ummat er ial t hat may (hopef u l ly) have been kept , i t is imposi bl e t o s t at e wi t h cert a i nty t he t rue ident i ty of t he

" C . 2n5ont una2am of Manzoor- i- Khuda but i t probably was C . uiocooum Vent .

and t hi s appl ies al so t o t he i l l u s t rat ion gi ven by Let ouzey (l 974 ) .

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180 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 3

whose mat erial apparent ly was t he t rue C . i ngont unazum i f hi s ex

cel l ent i l l u s t rat ion can be rel ied on.

Gaert ner (l 788) credi t s C . i ngont unaxum t o"Ind . or . , Mal aya

but , as s t at ed above , I do not know i t ei t her f rom eas t ern I ndia nor

Mal aya ; Raeuschel (1797) al so l i s t s i t f rom and only f romInd . or ient .

"

[ of cou rse , Sri Lanka was of t en regarded as part of

eas t ern India in t hose days ] . Angely (1971 ) credi t s i t t o Orb i svet . reg. cal id . Loudon (1830) and Sweet (1826) bot h cl aim t hat itwas int roduced int o cu l t i vat ion in Engl and f rom t he E. Indiesi f so , t hen t he mat er ial was probably not C . Lnéoniunat um.

Bai l ey (1935 ) l i s t s i t as ex i s t ing in cu l t ivat ion, wi t h mat erialavai l abl e t o t he hort icu l t ural t rade f rom t he Edinburgh bot anicalgarden ; he does , however , not l i s t i t as known t o him f romany American gardens (Hort us , nor does he l i s t C . vi l losum or C . vi b

coaum.

Many scient i f ic and pre- Linnean names have been reduced errone

ously t o t he synonymy of C . Lnflot t unaxum L . becau se of t he mi x up in

i t s circumscr ipt ion and geographic di s t r i bu t ion. For ins t anceCl cnodendnon macnocafiyx Lam. and Uofikamenia nabaa Lou r . , somet imesreduced t o C . i nfionxunat um, act ual ly are C . vi t fiosum Bl ume ; Val harmani a pet aai t eé Lou r . i s Cl enodendnum pct aaizea (Lou r . ) S . Moore ;Cl u odend/ wn cai yu

’

num Turcz . , C . cu t anu'

flou um Kl ot zsch ,C . va u

zumwal l C . condazum Don,Vol kamenia Lnfiont unaxa Roxb . [ pl aced

here by Jackson , and Manunang Rumpf (1743) are C . uiAcoaum

Vent . , as is al so t he Pet asi t es agneAt LA Rumpf l i s t ed by Linnaeu sGaert ner (l 788) , Nemnich Schauer Fernandez

Vil l ar Mil l er and ot her au t hors , as can pl ainly be

s een f rom t he Spl endid i l l u s t rat ion of i t s t oot hed l eaf - bl ades gi venby Rumpf (1743 ) and by t he f act t hat i t was described f rom t he Mal abar Coas t ( I ndia ) , not f rom Sr i Lanka . The Rheede and S l oane syno

nyms l i s t ed by Burman (1737) and t he Ray , Commelyn , and Rheede syno

nyms l i s t ed by Linnaeu s (1743) mu s t al so by excl uded .

Poiret (1804 ) incl udes TM M aw Rumph . as a synonym.

but act u al ly i t bel ongs in t he synonymy of Gugzxanda Apc OAa L . in

t he Rubiaceae . Schauer (1847) incl udes Vozhamcnia i ngonxunazn Roxb .

and Ci enodcndnon uiacoaam Vent . , bot h now regarded as C . viscooumVent . , and gi ves t he s pec ies

'overal l di s t r ibu t ion as I ndia or ien

t al i , Madras , Court al l um, Penang, Audih , et c .

" Fernandez- Vil l ar(1880 ) incl udes C . gomt unat um Bl anco and C . bl ancoi Naves , but t heseare now regarded as synonymou s wit h C . mi nahaAbae var . bncui t ubui o

dam H. J . Lam. Pét el ot (1953 ) incl udes C . uLAcoaum Vent C . conda

t um 0 . Don, C . macnocal yx Lam, Vol kamcni a i nflonxunaza Roxb . , and

Vol kamenia pcxaaizea Lour . , al l now excl uded . The Pcnagu incl udedas a synonym by Linnaeu s (1753 , Bu rman Mi l l er

and Poiret (1804 ) is act ual ly C . uLLCOAum Bl ume , whi l e t he Anbon

zeyfiani ca gont unaxa qui buadhm Pet iv . , Pt anxa flonxunaxa , pi nna

zeyl onenai bua Herm. , and Fnuxcx gl and pcnzazo, gnucxu not undo Kl einhof seem t o bel ong in t he synonymy of C . Acnnaxum (L . ) Moon. St eu

del (1821 ) act ual ly reduces C . Lnflont unaxum L . t o synonymy under C .

Viacoaum; Roxburgh‘

s Vofihamcni a i nflont unaxa cert ainly is C . viaco

sum.

Sev eral of t he inf ras pec i f i c t axa proposed by var iou s au t hors

1986 Mol denke , Not es on CLenodcndnum 181

mu s t al so be excl uded f or ins t ance , CLenodcndnon LnflonxunaxumaLbLfll onum Tei j sm. i s CLcnodcndnum ApecLOALAALmum f . aLbum Mol dCLcnodendnon Lnfionzunaxum var . aLbLfiLonum Has s k . is CLenodcndnum

VLLLOAum Bl ume ,CLcnodcndnon Lnflonxunaxum p ueAt Lt umWal l . i s Cl ona

dcndnam uLé coaum Vent . and CLcnodendnon Lnfiont unat um var . Ac nda

Vos s is CLenodcndnum ApecLoaLAALmum Van Geert . The pres umed nat uralhybrid ,

“CLcnodcndnon Lnfioni unaxum x uLLLooum" of Backer (1916)seems act ual ly t o be CLenodendnum confluAum H. Hal l ier .

Recent ly Meeuse (1942 ) has regarded t he Indian pl ant s , as dis

t inguished f rom t he Sr i Lankan ones , as C . c aALLeA (Lour . ) Meeuse ,

but Merr il l (Journ. .Arnol d Arb . 19 : 65 . 1938) has pl ainly s hown t hat

Loureiro's VoLkameLLa peLuALLeA act ual ly is a very di f f erent pl ant ,

CLenodcndnum peLuALLeb (Lour . ) S . Moore , which see .

Var iou s economic , medicinal , and pharmaceu t ical u ses have been

report ed in l i t erat ure f or C . Lnflont unazum [ e .gg. , by Dymock al

1893 , Nat t , 1889 , Kost el et zky , 1834 , Jain Taraf der , some of

which were l i s t ed by my wi f e and mysel f in our 1983 work on Sr i Lan

kan pl ant s , but i t s eems rat her def ini t e t hat mos t , i f not al l , of

t hese references are based on mi s ident i f icat ions and apply , rat her ,

t o C . vLLLOAum and/or C . uLAQOAum. They wi l l be more f u l ly t reat ed

by me under t hose t axa in t he present series of not es , which see . It

i s , however , known def ini t ely t hat f lowering branches of C . LhflanLanaxum are of t en u s ed in t empl e of ferings and decorat ions in SriLanka , and Tr imen (1895 ) as sert s t hat t he l eaves are u sed t here as

an ant helmint ic . Int eres t ingly , Bal four (1862 ) aver s t hat t he spe

cies is t he reverse of u sef u l in medicine apparent ly merely an

at t empt ed t rans l at ion of t he scient i f ic speci f ic epi t het .

Pau l and hi s as sociat es (1961 , 1962 ) give det ai l ed chemical anal

yses of t he cl erodin found in what t hey ref er t o as CLcnodendnum Ln

6ont unaxum L .

Mos t of t he i l l u s t rat ions l i s t ed by S t apf (1930) as depict ingt hi s species seem t o be i l l u s t rat ive of non- Sr i Lankan mat er ial and

are t heref ore not ci t ed here by me , but , rat her , under C . uLLLoaumBl ume or C . uLAcoaum Vent . , which see .

CLcLodendnum LnéonLunaLum is said t o be at t acked by t he f ungi ,CoLLcLoLnLchum LnflonLunaLL , MeLLoLa. caLLLcaa coLa , and AuLacophonasp. [gn S ingh Pat naik , but , again, I s u spect t hat t he

hos t in t hese cases was ei t her C . vLLLOAum or C . VLAQOAum. Ramakri s hnan (1952 ) describes t he f ungu s , PkyaaLOApona cLenodendnL f romC . Lnfionzunaxum, based on one of his own col l ect ions in Sou t h Kanara(Keral a , I ndia ) , but , again , I s u spect t hat t he hos t was not C . Luv

fionxunaxum, but more probably eit her C . vLLLOAum or C . uL4 c0 6um.

Fi f t y or more common and vernacu l ar name s have been report ed for

C LnfionLunaLum, but mos t of t hese probably apply , not t o t hi s spe

c1es , but t o C . uLfiLOéum and/or C . uLACOAum ins t ead . The only oneswhich seemdef ini t ely t o apply t o C . Lnfiont unazum are gas

- pinna”

,

"infort uné" .

“l'infort uné“

,

“long f lowered cl erodendrum

ongel ukkige boom" ,

"ongel ukkige lot boom

"

,

“

piene”

,

"

pinna"

,

"

pinna

kol e"

. pinnakol a"

,

" unfort unat e cl erodendrum"

,

"ungl Uckl iche

Losbaum "ungl dcksbaum and vat a madakki "

Recent col l ect ors in Sr i Lanka descri be t he t rue CLenodcndnum Ln?

182 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

flont unaxum as a l ow, erect or somewhat s preading, pyramidal , pro

f usely f lowering s hru b , l - 5 m. t al l . or even a t ree or t reel et , 2

5 m. t al l , of t en s impl e- s t emmed , somet imes "dense"

, t he l eave s membranous and yam- l ike t he

"bract s " conspicuou s , red or red- viol et ,

t he panicl e‘ s rachi s dark- red, t he f l owers t et ramerou s , f ragrant ly

scent ed , t he calyx red or“t he calyx and pedicel s at f irs t green,

l at er scarl et “

, t he corol l a sal verform, i t s t u be s t rigose , t he st a

mens ex sert ed , whi t e , t he f i l ament s and s t yl e ex sert ed and whi t e , t he

f ru i t ing-calyx accrescent , pers i s t ent , br ight- red or carmine t o

scarl et or dark-maroon, and t he f ru i t drupaceou s , s u bgl obose , bl ack ,

gl abrou s , and s hiny .

They have encount ered t he pl ant in scru b j ungl es and t heir edges ,in hedgerows and f encerows , in bot h mont ane and remnant fores t s , on

gras sy roads ide cu t s and banks , al ong roads ides and s t reams ides , in

bot h primary and secondary f ores t s , at t he edges of mars hes , al ongrai l road t racks and Jeep t racks , on s l opes , in s hru b and gras st hicket s and regenerat ion scru b in was t e ground , and in semi- sunon roads ides t hrough cardamon pl ant at ions , of t en in brown- red cl ayeysoi l , at al t i t udes of 2 - l 35o met ers , in ant hes i s f rom Augu s t t oJ une , and in f ru i t in February , March , and Augu s t t o Oct ober . Theo

bol d Gru pe f ound i t common in dense s hade and al ong di s t u rbededges of roads " ; Maxwel l and his as sociat es report i t very commonal ong roads “

, and Kost ermans al so refers t o i t as common“. Davidse

Sumi t hraarachchi cal l i t a"common smal l t ree"

; Fos berg found it

common on t he edges of degraded fores t s above t ea pl ant at ions and

occas ional in di s t u rbed ground al ong recent ly Opened l ogging roadsin t al l rainf ores t s " . Comanor report s i t

"abundant in ect one

whi l e Amarat unga descri bes i t as a very common weed in was t e groundin t he l ow count ry

". Cramer cal l s i t “

common al ong s hady roads ideswhi l e Bernardi found i t

"rat her common in one l ocal i t y and

“appar

ent ly rare"in anot her . My wi f e and I observed i t q u i t e of t en in

roads ide s hru bbery , on road s hou l ders , and scat t ered at t he edges of

j ungl es , but cert ainly never obs erved i t f orming a t rue t ree .

The corol l as are descr ibed as"whit e on almos t al l col l ect ions

where a f l ower col or i s gi ven at al l , except t hat Haas refers t o t he"f l owers as

"red and Bal akri s hnan cal l s t hem "

purpl e I s u s pectt hat i t may be t he calyxes or f ru i t ing- calyxes t o which t hese col

l ect ors are ref err ing. Amarat unga erroneou s ly refers t o t he f ru i tas a

"

berry and Bernardi descr i bes t he inf l orescences as corymbs .

Pol l en has been col l ect ed f rom Camanau 1008.Many unj u s t i f ied homonyms have been pu bl i s hed (in synonymy) by

var iou s au t hor s : t heir di spos i t ion, in my view, is as fol lowsCLcnodcndnon Lnéont unazum Auct . (l 963) , Auct . non Linn

"

Bl ume Lou r . (1793 ) in part , (Rox b . ) Linn . and Schau .

(1847) are al l CLu odendfwm uLAcaAwn Vent . , whi l e F.- Vil l . (1882 ) is

C . a ahaAAac Teij sm. Binn. , Bot . Reg. (1895 ) is C . ApecLoaLaaLmumVan Geert , Lam (1947) is C . paxaaLt eb (Lou r . ) S . Moore , Lour . (1793 )in part is C . haempga (Jacq . ) S ieb . , Dennst . Wal p.

and R. Night (1850 ) are C . uLLLOAum Bl ume , and Bl ume ex Fern.- Vil l ar

(1880) i s C . buchananL (Rox b . ) Wal p.

CLcnodendnum LnflonLunaLum Auct . Auct . mu l t . non Linn.

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184 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

hiant em l aciniamcorol l ae . Ant herae obl ongae . Pist il l um st aminumf igu ra l ongi t udine , s t igmat e bi f ida .

(2 ) Gaert ner (l 788) :"CLcnodendLumLnflomt unnzum. Tab . 57. f ig. 1 .

Pet aaLt cA agaeazia Rumph . amb . 4 . p. 108 . t . 19 . CCenodcndnon

{bLLo Cat o x acua aLo . Burm. zeyl . 66 . t . 29 . CLcnodendnum ‘oILLAcondazib Lama oaLa . Linn . sys t . veg. 578 . Pinnakola . zcytonena

E col l ect . sem. hort . l ugdb . Per . Bacca s uccu l ent a, calyci s l a

cini is t riangul ar ibus t rinervi is cont ect a , subgl obosa , depressius

cu l a , s u lco cruciat o in vert ice inscript a , uni locu l ari s , t et rapyrena . Cu t icu l a t enu i s , gl aberrima , spl endens , non dehiscens . Pu l pamol l i s , per aet at em evanescens . Os s icu l a subossea , hinc convexarugosa , inde angu l at a gl abra , uni l ocul aria . Rec . nu l l um; seminabas i af f ixa . Sem. in s ingu l o ossicul o unicum, eidemque conforme ,

ruf escens . Int . dupl ex , ut rumque membranaceum, t enue . Al b . nul

l um. Emb . semini conf ormis , erect u s , al bu s . Cot y . ovat o oblongae ,

carnosae , crassae , pl ano convexae . Rad . minima , subgl obosa , ih

f era .

(3 ) Rot h (1821 ,

"

CLenodendnon Lngont unazum. C . goLLLAcondaLLA LomcnzoaLa . Linn. Fl or . Zeyl an. n. 232 . Spec . Pl ant . ed .

Nil l d . Tom. I I I . P. 1 , p. 386 . Observ . Specimen meum a Venerat iss .

Heyne accept um omnimode respondet descript ioni Linneanae in Fl ora

Zeyl . l . c . At PcLaALLeA agL eALLa Rumph. Amboin. Vol . IV. pag.

180 . Tab . 49 . q uam Linneu s in F lor . Zeyl . non adduxi t , in pos t erior i bu s Specierum Pl ant arum edit ioni bus hu ic pl ant ae pro synonymoadscript a v idet u r , quamvis minu s respondeat . Fol ia enim repando

dent at a del ineat a et descript a s unt , q uae const ant er int egerrimaobservant ur et Panicul a ramosior est , q uam f igu ra represent at .

Ni l l denow in post erum errorememendavi t , cum in Enumerat ione Pl ant .

Hort i Berol . pag. 658 . hoc synonymum ad CLcnodcndnon vLAcoaum Vent .

ret ul eri t .

(4 ) Morren Le CLenodcndnon Lnfionxunaxum (Linn . f l . Zeyl .

232 . Bot . reg. 1811 . t ab se di s t ingue a ses grandes f eu i l l espres q ue arrondies , prof ondément cordi f ormes , dent ées , poi l ues ao

des s u s , t oment eu ses au- des sou s , a sa panicul e col orée s impl e , pu bescent e , a ses f l eu r s pres q ue ses s i l es au sommet des rameau x , a son

cal ice grand , quinquef ide , aux di v i s ions de sa corol l e pl anes , ob

oval es , obt u ses , uh peu pl u s court es que l es ét amines . Le bou q uetde ses f l eu r s d '

un rouge l égérement br i q u et é f ai t l e pl u s bel ef

f et . Il f au t remarq u er que l es CLcnodendnon veat Lt um et depaupena

Lam de Nal l rot h , ne sont au t res que se meme CLcnodendnon LngoLLunaLam; mai s l e Cl erodendre infort uné de Ni l l denow est une es pecepart icu l iere admi se par l es bot ani s t es sou s l e CLcnodendnon vLAco

bum. De meme , l e CLcnodcndnon LngoLLunaLum, de Dennst edt est l a

CLefladcndLon vLLLOAum de Bl ume . La conf u s ion peu t donc faci l ements

‘ ét abl ir dans l es cat alogues rel at ivement cet t e es pece .

(5 ) Trimen ” C . LnflonLunaLum,* L . Sp. Pl . 637

Gas- pinna , S . Herm. Mus . 25 , 45 . Burm. Thes . 66 . Fl . Zeyl . n.

232 . Moon Cat . 46 . Thw. Enum. 243 . C. P. 2894 . F1 . B. Ind . iv .

594 . Bu rm. Thes . t . 29 . Night , Ic . t . 1471 . A s hru b or smal ls l ender t ree , 4 - 10 f t . , branchl et s very bl unt ly q u adrangu l ar , yel

l owi s h dirt y- pu bescent ; 1 . l arge , 4 - 6 in. , ovat e , cordat e or round

1986 Mol denke , Not es on CLcLodcndnum 185

ed at base , acuminat e , acu t e or s u bacu t e , ent ire , t hinly hairy on

bot h s ides , especial ly on t he veins beneat h , somewhat 3- nerved f romt he base , venat ion prominent beneat h , pet iol es l% - 3 in . , cyl in

dr ical , pu bescent ; f l . l arge , on rat her l ong pu bescent ped . , cymess t al ked , in l arge , l ax , pyramidal , pu bescent panicl es , bract s l eafy ,

deciduou s ; cal . in . , s i l ky-

pu bescent , very much enl arged in

f ru i t , segm. deep, l anceol at e , very acu t e ; cor .- t u be abou t 1 ih . ,

s l ender , l obes l arge , a i h . , obl ong, obt u se ; drupe in. , nearly

gl obose , s uccu l ent , pu rpl i s h- bl ack , shining, seat ed in cent re of

t he very much enl arged , spreading, s uccu l ent , bright pink cal . 1gin. diam. , Pyrene u s ual ly sol i t ary , bri t t l e . Moi s t region up t o

5000 f t . : common. Fl . Apri l - Augu s t ; whi t e . Al so in I ndia and

Mal aya . Leaves have a smoky odour when bru i sed ; t hey are u sed as

an ant helmint ic .

* Thi s name i s due t o Hermann who so

t rans l at es t he S inhal ese 'Pinnakol a ;

‘he has al so (1 . c . ) a

'

pl ant a

fort unat a 'which i s probably t he same species . I

do not know t he origin of t hese t erms .

"

(6) Hal l i er ” CLcnodcndnum t LcuLaLa ) Lnflont unazum(haud Bl . nec Has s k . nec Lindl . nec Night ) L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . 1 , I I(1753 ) p. 637 excl . synn. Rheed . et Raj . ; Gaert n. ! l .c . p. 271 t .

57 f ig. 1 excl . syn. Rumph. ; Schauer l .c . ( 1847) p, 667 q uoad pl .

zeyl . , excl . synn . Lindl . , Roxb . , Vent . , Rumph. ; Miq. l .c . (1856)p. 876 q uoad p1 . zeyl . (excl . synn. Night . , Rumph . .

Cl arke l .c . p. 594 ex p. (excl . synn. Night . , Vent . , Don . .

Kl ot zsch Roxb . , Rumph. , Rheed . Trimen l . c . p. 361 excl .

syn. Night . et p1 . ind . et mal . ; Gambl e 1 . c . p. 835 ex p. .

CLcnodcndnon goLLo La t o ct acua aLo Burm. , Thes . Zeyl . (1837) p.

66 t . 29 excl . synn. Rheed . et S loan. . CL. goLLLA AmLLcLbuA

condaLLA Lament oaLa L Fl . Zeyl . (1748) p. 104 no . 232 excl . synn.

Raj . , Comm. , Rheed . . Ramu l i t eret es vel praecipue inf ra nodosobt u se compl anat o- t et ragoni , brevit er dense appresse ochraceo

t oment el l i . Fol iorum l amina cordat a , int egerrima vel obsol et e et

irregul arit er repando-dent at a , subt us promint er palmat o et pinnat o

et cl at hrat o-nervosa , in nervi s densius , in venis parcius pu bescens ,sub l ent e u bi q ue pil i s gl andul osis punct u l at a gl andul isque major ibus f uscis pez izaeformi bus praecipue prope bas in et nervummedianumpunct at a , bas i haud bu l l at a , s upra praet er nervos (pu bescent es )subgl abra . Calyx u s q ue inf ra l ongi t udinis 5- f idus , ext us

c inereo- pu bescens et praet er bas in gl andul is discoideis praedi t us ,

l obis l anceol at is acuminat is , nervo mediano ext us prominent e dens ius pu bescent e , in f ruct u val de auct us , coriaceu s , nervos u s , drupamsubinvol ucrans . Corol l ae (incompl et a t ant um suppet it ) t u bu s dupl acalyc is l ongi t udine (cf . et iam Burm. 1 . c . t . ext us f errugin

eo- vil l os u s . Zeyl on (Kdnig? in der Frucht samml . des Hb . L . B.

unt er d. Namen Pinne- et t e vermut hl ich Gart ner ' s Or iginal exempl are ) (Herb . zeyl . hort . Amst . no . 98 imHb . L .

- B hl . .

'Piene

'

) (von unbekannt em al t en Samml er no . 148 , st er il .

'Pinne

Verbr . : Anscheinend endemi sch . 1 ) s ingal . et t e Same .

(7) Sant apau"CLcnodcndnum vLACOAum Vent . The ident i ty

and nomencl at u re of t hi s pl ant is somewhat conf u s ing. Three pl ant sare of t en mi xed t oget her : CLcnodcndnum Lnfloniunaxum Linn. ; C . VLA

186 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No. 3

cOAum Vent . and VaLhama a c aALLeA Lour . The real C . Lnfiont unat um Linn. is descr i bed by Meeuse in Bl umea 5 : 77 , 1942 . as

'

pu bescence of corol l a f errugineou s , calyx l obes wi t h prominent midr ib ,l eaves on l ower s urf ace wi t h minu t e gl ands and wi t h a number of

l arger gl ands near t he base and near t he midr ib ; CeylonMeeuse gi ves t he name of t he common Indian pl ant as C . c aALLeé

Moore , based on Vol kamenia pQIaALZeA Lour . On t he ot her hand Mer

ril l wrot e on t he ident i ty of t he l at t er pl ant in Trans . Amer .

Phi l . Soc . n. s . 24 : 338 , 1935 :'Loureiro t ook his speci f ic name

f rom PeLaALLea agncAt La he ci t es as i l l u s t rat ing hiss pecies , but which, however , represent s a species very di f f erentf rom CLcnodendnon peLaALLea Moore . Schauer , perhaps int erpret ingt he species f rom t he Rumphian i l l u s t rat ion, erroneou s ly reduced V.

peLaALLcA Lour . t o C Lngont unai um Gaert n . Loureiro's t ype is pre

served in t he herbar 1 um of t he Bri t i s h Mu seum, which on examinat ion Moore f ound t o be ident ical wi t h CLenodcndnum AubpandunLéoLLumO. Kt z . , a species based on specimens col l ect ed by Kunt ze at Tou

rane , Annam: Kunt ze's act ual type is preserved in t he herbari um of

t he New York Bot anical Garden; t he s pecies is al so represent ed bySquLnea 329 f rom t he cl as s ical l ocal i t y Hue , and RobLnaon 1290 f romNha Tang. PeLaALLeA agneazia Rumph . which 1 ref erred t o CLcn

odendnon Apc oaLaaLmum van Geert is pl aced by Lam (Bu l l . Jard .

Bot . Bu i t enzorg I I I 3 : 91 . 1921 ) as a synonym of CLenodendnum bach

ananL (Rox b . ) Wal p. , t hi s apparent ly being t he correct di spos i t ionof i t .

‘The ol des t v al id name f or t he present Species is CLcno

dcndnum uLACOAum Vent . , which has been adopt ed by Mol denke in sev

eral of his pu bl icat ions on t he Vcabcnaccae , and by t he presentau t hor in t he Fl ora of Khandal a , wit h t he fol lowing nomencl at u re :Cfienodgndnum uLAcoaum Vent . , Jard . Malm. t . 25 , 1803 ; Mol denke ,

Geogr . Di s t . 54 et in Lit t . pr i v . ad auct orem; Sant apau 190 . C.

Lngont unai um auct . mu l t . non Linn. FBI 4 : 595 ; Cooke 2 : 432 . C.

peLaALLeA Moore in Journ. Bot . 63 : 285 . 1925 (non VoLhamenLa pet a

aLLcA Lou r . ,

(8) Arachi "czeaodgndnon Lnfioni unazum Linn. ; A l arge

v il l ou s s hu rb [sigj . Leaves : S impl e , oppos it e cordat e , suborbicu

l ar , ent ire . Fl owers : Whit e , in ax il l ary and t erminal cymes , bract sl eaf y . Sepal s : Companul at e [sic] , 5 l obed . t runcat e , part i t e .

Pet al s : 5 . obl i q ue l obes spreading. S t amens ; 4 , insert ed at t hroat ,

f i l ament s l ong, ant hers l inear . Pi s t i l : 4 cel l ed . one ov u l e in

each cel l . s t yl e l ong, s t igma b if id . Fru it : A f l es hy gl obosedrupe , bl ack .

In addi t ion t o t he many nomencl at u ral errors in t he b ibl iographyof czanodendnum LngoLLunaLum L t here are al so some ot hers t o add

t o t he conf u s ion. For ins t ance , Linnaeu s'1747 work is somet imes

c it ed t o"

page 232 but"232

"is t he s pecies number , not t he page

number . Al so , Rheede (1679) is somet imes erroneou s ly c i t ed as

pu bl i s hed in Lamarck ’ s work (1796) is c i t ed by S t apf (1930)as 1797 but t he ent ire Tome 3 was act ual ly pu bl is hed on November 21 , 1796 . The Wil l denow (1800) work is somet imes erroneou s lyc it ed as 3 (2 ) ins t ead of 3 t he Moon (1824 ) ref erence is

somet imes incorrect ly c it ed as pu bl i s hed in 1821 and t he Bai l l on

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188 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

26336 (Ac , E, Gz , Kh , Ld , Pd , Tu , w Noot cboom 8 Hubcn3102 (w PaLmen 8 wonLt gt on 1634(Pd) ; R. w. Read 2262

(Ld) ; ReLLz 30008 (w F. M. dc 3220 6 24 (w J .

M. de 3660 6 96 (N) . 6 . n. [ J u ly 16. 1925 ] (Pd) ; SumLLhnaanachchL(N SumLLhnaanachchL 8 Jaya6uLLga (N.

TheobaLd 8 Gnupc 2380 (Pd. N ThwaLLca C. P. 2894

(Br , L , N - phot o , Pd , Pd, Pd) ; (11m 12 (w 37 (N, 11.

t on 346 (K ) . 1859 ( K ) . 1660 (K) . ANDAMAN I SLANDS : Sou t h : KLng'A

Cotzeczon 6 .n. [ 5 Apri l 1893 ] (w CULTIVATED: Net herl ands : CoLLecLon andct cna cd 146 (Le ) ; c b . Lugd.

- Bat .- 45

(Le ) . - 51 (Le ) ; Hu b . 22 02 . Hou . Amt . 98 (Ld - phot 0 . Le .

N, N - phot o) . LOCAL ITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Haab . Swanxz6 .n. (S) . MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS : Arachi , Pict . Present . Indian Pl .

159 , f ig. 161 . 1968 (Ld) ; Wight , Icon. P1 . Indiae Or ient . , imp. 1 ,

4 p1 . 1471 . 1849 (Ld) .

CLERODENDRUM INGRATUM Laut erb . 8 K . Schum. in K . Schum. 8 Laut erb . ,

Fl . Deu t sch. Schut zgeb , SOdsee 526 [ as"CLcnodendnon 1900 ;

Mol d A1ph . Li s t Inv . Names 18 8 21 . 1942 .

Synonymy : CLcnodcndh on Lngnazum Lau t . 8 K. Schum. in K . Schum. 8

Laut erb F1 . Deu t sch . Schul t geb . SOdsee 526 . 1900 . CLenodendnonLngnazum K . Schum. 8 Laut erb . apud Thisel t .

- Dyer , Ind . Kew. S uppl .

2 : 43 ,1 904 . czenodendnumLngaazum K . Schum. 8 Laut erb . apud

Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 18 8 21 . 1942 .

Bi bl iography : K . Schum. 8 Laut erb Fl . Deu t sch . Schut zgeb . 50d

See 526 . 1900 ; K . Schum. , J u s t s Bot , . JahreSber . 28 495 . 1902 ;Thisel t .

- Dyer , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 2 : 43 . 1904 ; K . Schum. 8 Laut erb

Nacht r . F1 . Deu t sch . Schut zgeb . SOdsee 373 . 1905 ; H. J . Lam, Verb

enac . Mal ay . Arch . 308 8 363 . 1919 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bul l .

Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 . 3 : 25 , 84 , 109 , 8 ix . 1921 ; H. J . Lam,

in Laut erb Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 59 : 97 . 1924 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv .

Names 18 8 21 . 1942 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 ,

67 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 149 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d Rés umé 193 , 196 ,

200 , 265 , 271 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 322 , 335 , 448 , 8

459 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Hart l ey , Duns t one , Fi t zg. , Johns , 8 Lambert on, Lloydia 36 : 293 . 1973 ; Farnswort h , Pharmacog. Tit l es 9 (1 )vi . 1974 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 313 , 325 , 8 538 . 1980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 351 . 1985 .

A s hru b ,- 2 m. t al l , or smal l t ree , t o m. t al l ; crown

narrow; bol e t o 3 m. l ong, t o 10 cm. diam. at breas t he ight ; barkgray- brown, prominent ly f is s u red; wood whi t e , moderat ely sof t ;branches Sl ender , t eret e , l eafy , t he younger part s f l at t ened and

subt oment ose , abou t 3 mm. t hick , t he t oment um t hin and ru s ty , t he

l eafy port ion abou t 15 cm. l ong, t he bark gray ; l eaves decu s sat eoppos i t e ; pet iol es 5 - l omm. l ong, subt oment ose ; l eaf - bl ades t hinchart aceou s , medium- green, gl os sy , obl ong or el l ipt ic ,

- 8 cm.

l ong, 2 - 3 cm. wide , apical ly acu t e or s u bobt u se , dark ol ive-oreen

when dry , minu t ely pil ose on bot h s urf aces , more densely so beneat h ;

secondar ies 5 or 6 per s ide , conspicuou s , s t ronger and el evat ed beneat h . [ t o be cont inued ]

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF ARGENTINE PARMELIACEAE . THE GENUS

PUNCTELIA KROG AND FLAVOPUNCTELIA (KROG ) HALE

L i d i a I . Fer r aro

Mi embro de l a Car rer a de l Inv es t igador Ci ent i f i co , CONICET .

Address : Ins t i t u t o de Bot ani ca de l Nordes t e IEONE , Cas i l l a de

Cor reo 2 09 34 00 Corr i ent es , Argent i na

Ab s t ract

In t h i s paper 1 1 speci es of Punct e l i a Krog and 2 of F l avopunc

t e l i a (Krog ) Ha l e are descr i b ed and i l l us t ra t ed , a l l f rom

N Argent i na . I t inc l udes keys f or t he i dent i f i ca t i on of'

t he

t axa , di f f erent i a t ing charact er s and da t a on di s t r i b u t i on .

Int roduct i onThe gen u s Punct e l i a i s wi de l y di s t r i bu t ed i n t empera t e

regi ons of As i a and t ropi ca l r egi ons o f Af r i ca , Au s t ra l i aand Amer i ca , compr i s i ng 20 Speci es .

In Argent i ne occurs 1 1 spec i es d i s t r i b u t ed i n t he N , a l so

l i t t l e co l l ec t i ons f r om La Pampa prov i nce , and P . borrer i

(Sm. ) Krog was known f or one l oca l i t y i n Is l as Ma l v inas ,

(Grass i ,

Tha l l u s wi t h narrow l obes , O , S mm.

2 Margi ns of l ob es c i l i a t e .

3 Ci l i a margi na l b u l ba t e , corona t e apo t hec i a .

4 W i t hou t cor t i ca l pigment s .

Bu l bo t hr i x Ha l e

4 Wi t h cor t i ca l pi gment s ( u sni c ac i d ab undant ) .

He l i cina (Ha l e Kurok . ) Ha l e

3 Ci l i a margina l s impl e , s ome t ime s i nconspi c uo u s , ecoro

na t e apo t heci a .

Parme l ina Ha l e

2 Margi ns of l ob es wi t ho u t c i l i as .

5 Upper s ur f ace smoot h , wi t hou t ps eudocyphe l l ae .

6 Rh i z ines s impl e .

7 Upper s ur f ace mi nera l gray , t ha l l u s cor t i co l o u s .

Pseudoparme l i a Ha l e

7 Upper s ur f ace ye l l owi sh or gr eeni sh ye l l ow , t ha

l l us s ax i co l o us wi t h u sni c acI d .

Xant hoparme l i a (Va i n . ) Ha l e

190 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

6 Rhi z ines r i ch l y b ranched , n umero us , upper s ur f ace minera l gray , wi t h a t ranor i n , l ower s ur f ace b l ack .

Hypot rachyna (Va in . ) Ha l e

Upper s u r f ace wi t h ps eudocyphe l l ae .

8 Pseudocyphe l l ae e f f i gura t e , i nconspi cuou s , some t imes

ab s en t , con i d i a b i q i f orm.

9 Upper s ur f ace minera l gray , l obes of t en api ca l l y

t r unca t e , wi t h a t ranor i n , l ower s ur f ace uni f orml yrh i z i na t e , rh i z ine di cho t omou s l y branched and pro

yec t ed b eyond t he margi ns .

Parme l i a 8 . s t r .

9 Upper s ur f ace ye l l owi sh , l ob es api ca l l y rounded ,

wi t h u sni c ac i d , l ower s ur f ace wi t h rh i z i nes s im

pl e no t proyect ed b eyond t he margi ns .

F l avopunct e l i a (Krog ) Ha l e

Pseudocyphe l l ae or b i c u l ar , punc t i f orm or conspi cuo us ;coni di a unc i f orm, f i l i f orm or cyl i ndr i c wi t h t he ends

swo l l en .

Punct e l i a Krog

l Tha l l u s wi t h broad l obes , 5 - 20 mm.

Parmot rema Mas s .

Fl avopunct e l i a (Krog ) Ha l e

Ha l e M 1 984 . Myco t axon 68 1 —682 .

Punct e l i a subgen . F l avopunct e l i a Krog , 1 982 . Nordi c J o u rna l o f

Bot any 2 : 2 90 - 29 1 .

Tha l l u s f o l i os e , l oos e l y a t t ached , l ob es broad , ro t und , 1 2 mm

wi de . Upper s ur f ace ye l l owi sh t o t ur t l e green , W I t h u sni c and l e

canor i c ac i d ; pseudocyphe l l a t e , ps eudocyphe l l ae e f f i gu ra t e .

Lower s ur f ace b l ack or dark brown , spar se l y rh i z i na t e , wi t h na

Red and pa l e zone a l ong t he margi ns .

Apo t heci a d i sc imper f ora t e , spores gl obose . Con i di o cyl indr i c

wi t h t wo ends swo l l en .

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192 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

i nconspi cuo u s or ab s ent . Lower s i de b rown , b l ack mac u l a t e , spar s e

l y rh i z i na t e .

Chemi s t ry : wi t h u sni c ac i d i n t he cor t ex , medu l l a wh i t e , C+ red .

Exs i cc . se l ect a : Argent i na : Mendoza , on Bouga i nv i l l ea spi nosa ,

Redén 10 1 (CTES , MERL ) .

Ob s er va t i ons

F l aV Opunct e l i a praes i gni s (Ny1 . ) Ha l e was known onl y f rom Perfi

i n So u t h Amer i ca (Ha l e , bu t now was f o und i n Ch i l e : Prov i nc i a de Coqu imbo , Parqu e Nac i ona l de Fray J orge , Al t os de Ta l i nay ,

30 9 30 ' S,Ferr aro Redén 2 092 (GTES , VALPL ) , 2 1 00 , 2 1 0 1 (GTES ,

VALPL , US ) .

The Ch i l e l oca l i t y r epr e sent s t he mos t a u s t ra l r ecord o f t h i s

Speci es .

F . praes igni s i s r ecogni zed by t he ye l l owi sh-gr een t ha l l u s , eso

red i a t e , spar s e l y ps eudocyphe l l a t ae , pseudocyphe l l ae e f f i gura t e ,

medu l l a C KC and coni di o cyl indr i c wi t h t wo swo l l en ends .

Punc t e l i a Krog

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 : 2 87 - 2 92 . Seru S i aux E 1 983 .

Tha l l u s f o l i os e , adna t u s , l obes cm wi de , shor t u s ua l l ycana l i cu l a t e .

Upper s u r f ace gray-

greeni sh , green-ye l l owi sh upt o b rown , mar

gi ns some t i mes wi t h a t h i n brown S h i ny r im; ps eudocyphe l l a t e ,

pseudocyphe l l ae e l i pt i cas or orb i c u l ar e , wi t h or wi t ho u t margins .

Lower S i de wh i t e , b rown upt o b l ack , rh i Z I na t e , rh i z i nes , conco

l oro u s or b l ack .

Apo t hec i a l ami na l , no t a lways pr es en t , d i sc b l ack , epi t heC i o

l i gh t , b rown- redd i sh ; spor es 8, S i mpl e . Con i d i a unc i f orm, f i l i

f orn or cyl i ndr i c wi t h one or t wo ends swo l l en .

Medu l l a wh i t e .

l 986 Ferraro , Argent ine Pm eUa cmc 193

Key t o Punct e l i a in Argent ina

1 Med u l l a C+ deep r ed or rose , wi t h l ecanor i c or gyrof or i c ac i d

respect i v e l y .

2 Medu l l e C+ deep r ed wi t h l ecanor i c aci d . Lower S i de l i gh t or

b l ack .

3 Lower s i de l i gh t .

4 Upper s i de l ack i ng i s i di o or s oredi o .

5 Ps eudocyphe l l ae conspi cuou s , orb i cu l ar s , margina t e ,

con i di o 5—6 um, unc i f orm.

Punct e l i a l orent z i i

5 Pseudocyphe l l ae sma l l , i nconspi cuou s , punct i f orms ,

coni di o 1 0- 1 6 um, f i l i f orms .

Punct e l i a hypo l euci t es

4 Upper s i de i s i di a t e , soredi a t e or wi t h phyl l i di a .

6 Ps eudocyphe l l ae sma l l , punct i f orm or e l l ipt i c .

7 Upper s i de i s i di a t e , coni d i a f i l i f orm.

Punct e l i a rudect a

7 Upper s i de soredi a t e , coni di a cyl i ndr i c wi t h one

end swo l l en .

Punct e l i a subrudect a

6 Ps eudocyphe l l ae wi de , margi na t e , upper s i de wi t h phy

l l i di a , con i d i o unc i f orm.

Punct e l i a punct i l l a

3 Lower s i de b l ack , upper s i de sored i a t e , sora l i a orb i cu l ar ,

l amina l .

Punct e l i a borrer i

Medu l l a C+ ros e , gyrof or i c aci d , l ower S i de dark .

8 Upper S i de l ack ing i s i di a or soredi a .

9 Spores gl obose , 1 3 - 1 4 um x 7 - 1 0 um.

Punct el i a subpraes igni s

9 Spores o vo i d or ob l ong , wi de 2 1 - 2 3 um x 1 4 —2 1 um.

Punct e l i a r i ograndens i s

8 Upper s i de wi t h numero u s phyl l i d i a .

Punct e l i a cons t ant imont i um

l Medu l l a C wi t h f a t t y aci ds . Con i di o f i l i f orm.

1 0 Lower S i de l ight , l obes cana l i cu l a t e , con i d i o 10 um l ong . .

Punct e l i a cana l i cu l a t a

1 0 Lower s i de dark , l obes pl ane , l arge , coni di o 1 4 - 1 6 um l ong . .

Punct e l i a mi cros t i ct a

194 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

Punct e l i a l orent z i i (Krempl . ) Krog

P l a t e 1 , B

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bot . 2 91 .

Parmel i a l orent z i i Kr empe l huber , F l ora 6 1 : 4 77 . 1878 . Rasanen

V 1 94 1 . Ann . Soc . Ci ent . Arg . 98 " Argent i na : Men

doza ". Gra s s i M 1 950 . L i l l oa 2 4 : 369 " Argent i na : Tucuman

Krog Swi nscow , 1 977 . Norw . J . Bo t . 2 4 : 1 71 .

Tha l l u s cor t i col o u s or s ax i co l o u s , mi ner a l —gray t o b rown , co

r i aceous , f r agi l e , 5 - 1 0 cm i n di ame t er .

Upper S i de s t r i a t ed , l ob es ro t und , 2—7 mm wi de , wi t h t he margi n

cr ena t ed , b rown , S h i ny and pycni di a t e . Pseudocyphe l l ae wh i t e , cons

pi cuous , margi ned .

ower s i de l igh t , wh i t i sh- a l b escens and more t an i n a zone a

l ong t he margins . Rhi z i nes conco l oro u s , n umero u s , S impl e .

a pot hec i a ab undan t , d i sc imper f ora t e , epi t ec i o browni sh , brown

redd i sh t o b rown- b l ack , 5 - 2 2 mm in di ame t er , exci pl e wi t h ps e udo

yphe l l ae ; spor es gl obos e or ob l onges , 1 0 - 1 3 um x 7—9 um. Con i di o

5 - 6 um l ong . , unc i f orm.

Chemi s t ry : P K C+ red , XC

Ex 5 1 cc . s e 1 ec t a : Argent i na : San Lu i s , on Pr osopi s , Pa ss er a s /n

(GTES , MERL ) ; Mendoza ,Ru i z Lea l s /n (GTES , MERL ) , Redén 5 1 , 1 00 ,

4 7 (GTES , MERL ) ; La Ri o j a , on Mimoz igan t hus cor i na t us , Ru i z Lea l

s /n (GTES , MERL ) .

Punct e l i a hypo l euci t es (Ny1 . ) Krog

Pl a t e 1 , C

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 91 .

Parme l i a hypo l euci t es Nyl . , F l or a 4 1 : 379 . 1 858 . Ha l e M 1 965

S v ensk Bo t ani sk T i dsk r i f t 4 4 —4 5 " USA , Mex i co ". Krog 8

Swi nscow , 1 977 . Norw . J . Bo t . 2 4 : 1 71" E de Af r i ca

". Osor i o

H 1 980 . The Bryo l . 2 1 9 ” Argen t i na : Bu enos Ai res"

.

Idem, 1 981 . The Bryo l . 80 " Bras i l : Ri o Grande Do Su l

Idem, 1 981 . Com. Bo t . Mus . Mont e v i deo 5 Argent ina

Mi s i ones

Tha l l u s cor t i co l o u s , l oos e l y adna t e , 5 - 1 5 cm i n d i ame t er , b rown

ye l l owi sh , sh i ny i n t he young par t s .

Upper S i de s t r i a t e or scrob i cu l a t e , W i t ho u t i s i di a or soredi a .

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196 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No. 3

ne s , Qun n 3533 (CTES ) , Ferraro 2 273 (GTES , BG , COLO) ; Chaco , Fe

rraro 180 5 (OTES , us , so ,VALPL , KASSEL ) , 181 2 (ores , LG , us , COLO,

VALPL , BG ) ; Sa l t a , Sch i ni ni 1 4 54 2 (CTES ) ; Sant i ago de l Es t ero , Kra

pov i ckas 374 83 (GTES ) ; Sant a Fé , Ferraro 2 64 8 (GTES ) ; T ucuman , Me

yer s /n (GTES , LIL ) ; J u j uy , on Podocarpus f ores t , Ferraro 4 54 , 55

(GTES , COLO) , 64 6 (CTES , US ) . Bras i l : Ri o Grande Do Su l , M. F l e ig

1 627 (crzs , IGM) .

Punct e l i a subrudect a (Nyl . ) Krog

P l a t e 1 , E

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 91 .

Parme l i a subrudect a Ny l . , Fl ora 69 : 320 . 1886 . Ha l e M. , 1 965 .

S v ensk . Bo t ani sk Ti dskr i f t , s9 ( l ) : 4 2 - 4 3 "Europa , USA ,

S de

Af r i ca , Au s t r a l i a Krog 8 Swi nscow , 1 977 . Norw. J . Bo t . 24

1 75- 1 76 " Af r i ca

Tha l l u s cor t i co l ou s , s ax i co l o u s or mu sc i co l o us , 7 cm i n di ame

t er , l obes rot und , 2 - 3 mm wi de , imbr i ca t e , margins ent i re or crena

t e . Upper s i de ash-grey , ye l l ow-

grayi sh or brown , wr i nk l ed , sored i a

t e , s ora l i a margina l or l ami na l .

Lower s i de l i ght- brown , wi t h s impl e conco l orou s rh i z i nes . Coni

d i o cyl i ndr i c wi t h one end swo l l en . Apo t hec i a no t s een i n t he Ar

gent i na ma t er i a l .

Chemi s t ry : C+ r ed , wi t h l ecanor i c ac i d .

Exs i cc . s e l ec t a : Argent i na : Corr i ent es , on f ores t , Fer raro 3 1 1 0

(GTES , O, COLO ,H , LG ) ; Cérdoba , on Po l i l epi s , Cab i do 8 (GTES ) ;

Sa l t a , on b ark o f Acac i a aroma , Cha l uk i an 1 966 (GTES ) .

Punct e l i a punct i l l a (Ha l e ) Krog

P l a t e 1 , F

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bot . 2 91 .

Parme l i a punc t i l l a Ha l e i n Krog 8 Swi nscow , Norw. J . Bo t . 2 4

1 72 - 1 73 . 1 977 .

Tha l l u s a lways s ax i co l ou s , 5 - 1 0 cm i n di ame t er , adna t e . Upper

s i de brown-ye l l owi sh , cor i aceo u s , sh i ny , wi t h darker r im i n t he

margi n . Ps eudocyphe l l ae wi de , margina t e , orb icu l ar s t o e l l ipt i ca ,

mm wi de . Is i di a and phyl l i di a pr es ent , n umerou s a t t he cen

t er . Lob es l i nears , 2 - 3 mm wi de , crena t e margi ns , some t imes imbr i

ca t e .

l 986 Ferraro , Argent ine Pwuneu accae 197

Lower s i de l igh t and rh i z i na t e , rh i z i nes s impl e , conco l orous . A

po t heC i a di sc imper f ora t e ,2 - 6 mm i n d i ame t er , dark brown , exci pl e

pseudocyphe l l a t e . Spor es- 1 2 um x —1 0 um, s impl e , epi spo

r i um t h i ck . Coni di o unci f orm.

Chemi s t ry : C+ red , wi t h l ecanor i c ac i d .

Exs i cc . s e l ect a : Argent i na : Mendo za , on rock , 1 500 - 1 800 msm,

Ru i z Lea l S /n (GTES , MERL ) .

Punct e l i a subpraes igni s (My l . ) Krog

P l at e 2 , G

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bot . 2 91 .

Parme l i a subpraes igni s Nyl . , L i ch . Env . Par i s : 36 . 1896 . Grass i

M 1 950 . L i l l oa 24 : 1 95 " Argent i na , l ign i co l a"

. Cu l ber sonw 1 962 . Nov . Hedwi gi a 4 : 568—569 " USA , Mex l CO , Argent ina

Tha l l u s cor t i co l o u s or l i gni co l ou s , adna t e , 1 4 cm i n di ame t er ,

l ob es 4 mm wi de , ro t und , imb r i ca t e , erect s i n t he cent ra l par t s .

Upper s i de l igh t—brown t o ye l l owi sh

-gray , wr i nk l ed , l ack ing i

s i di a or soredi a . Ps eudocyphe l l ae orb i cu l are , wh i t e , mm wi de .

Lower S i de dark , sh iny , rh i Z i na t e and b r own and nak ed i n a na

rrow zone a t t he margi ns . Rh i z i nes b l ack , b ranched , wi t h t he ends

wh i t i sh .

Apot hec i a n umerous , 7—1 1 mm i n d i ame t er , epi t heci umor pa l e ye l l ow- b rown , exci pl e ps eudocyphe l l a t e ; S por es

1 3—1 4 um x 7 - 10 um. Coni di o 4 - 5 um l ong . , unc i f orm.

Chemi s t ry : C+ rose or r ed or C wi t h a t ranor i n and gyrof or i c

aci d .

Exs i cc . se l ec t a : Argent ina : Sant i ago de l Es t ero , on

sopi s , Reno l f i (CTES , LG ) . Bras i l : Ri o Grande Do

v i ckas 3761 9 (CTES , LG ) .

Punct e l i a borrer i (Sm. ) Krog

P l a t e 2,H

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 : 291 .

L i chen borrer i Sm Engl . Bot . 2 5 : Tab . 1 780 . 1 807 .

Parme l i a borrer i (Sm. ) Turn . , Trans . L i nn . Soc . 9 : 1 4 8 . 1 808 .

GraS S i M 1 950 . L i l l oa 2 4 : 1 77"Argent i na : J u j uy , Cérdoba ,

Is l as Ma l v i nas i dem, pag . 1 81"Argent i na : Tucumén

198 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

Tha l l u s cor t i col ou s , f ragi l e , l oose l y adna t e , mineral - gray t o

yel l owi sh t o brown , 5 - 7 cm i n di ame t er .

Upper s i de soredi a t e , sora l i a orb i cu l ar , l amina l , pseudocyphe

l l ae sma l l , punct i f orm. Lob es rot und wi t h S hi ny , brown r im i n t he

margins .

Lower s i de dense l y rhi z ina t e , l i gh t er t o whi t e and nak ed zone

t owar ds t he margins .

Apo t hec i a di sc imper f ora t e , epi t heci um b rown- reddi sh , 5- 1 0 mm

i n d i ame t er , exc i pl e soredi a t e and s t r i a t e .

Chemi s t ry : medu l l a K C+ red , P wi t h a t ranor i n and l ecanor i c

aci d .

Exs i cc . se l ec t a : Argent ina : J uguy , Kr apov i ckas 36684 (GTES ,

Punct e l i a r i ograndens i s ( Lynge ) Krog

P l a t e 2 , I

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 91 . Serus i aux E . , 1 983 .

Nord . J . Bo t . 520 " Af r i ca

Parme l i a r i ograndens i s Lynge , Ark . Bo t . 2 6 . 1 9 1 4 . Krog

H . 8 Swi ns cow , 1 977 . Norw . J . Bot . 2 4 : 175 .

Parme l i a mi cros t i ct a v ar . r i ograndens i s (Lynge ) Lynge . Osor i o

H 1 973 . Rev . Fac . Ci enci as ( L i sboa ) 4 4 9 "Bras i l

Idem, 1 981 . Com. Bo t . Mus . Mont e v i deo 5 " Argen t i na

Mi s i ones

Tha l l u s cor t i co l o u s , 6 - 1 2 cm i n di ame t er , minera l - gray t o gray

greeni sh , membr anaceo u s ; l obes wi de and ro t und , 2 —5 mm wi de , imbr i

ca t e , rare erec t s .

Upper S i de wr i nk l ed or scrob i cu l a t e , pseudocyphe l l a t e , pse udocyphe l l ae ab undan t , orb i c u l ar , wh i t e , emargi na t e ; wi t ho u t i s i d i a

and soredi a .

Lower s i de brown , rh i z ina t e , rh i z i ne shor t , s impl e ; naked and

l i gh t brown i n a narrow zone a l ong t he margi ns .

Apo t heci a numerou s , 6 - 1 2 cm in di ame t er , di sc imper f ora t e , ur

ceol a t e , pedi ce l a t e , when yo ung , epi t heci um brown , excipl e r ugose ,

pseudocyphe l l a t e , spores ov a l es , 2 1 - 2 3 um x 1 4 - 2 1 um, epi spor i um

t i ck . Pycni di a b l ack , numerou s , margina l s or l amina l s . Con i di o 5- 7

um l ong , unc i f orm.

Chemi s t ry: medu l l a C+ rose , wi t h gyrof or i c aci d .

Exs i cc . se l ec t a : Argent ina : Corr i ent es , i n f ores t , Ferraro 291 2

(ores , us , 0 , c, COLO, TSE , H ) , Sch i ni ni 1 62 90 (CTES , US ) ; J u j uy ,

on Podocarpu s f ores t ,Ferraro 526 (GTES , COLO) , Krapov i ckas 36683

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200 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

near s wi t h t he ro und margi ns .

Lower s i de wh i t e- ye l l ow or wh i t i sh- brown , rhi z ina t e , rh i z i nesconcol oro u s .

Apot heci a di sc imper f ora t e , 3- 1 5 mm i n di amet er , excipl e pse udocyphel l a t e . Coni di o 1 0 um l ong . , f i l i f orm.

Chemi s t ry : C

Exs i cc . se l ect a : Argent ina : Corr i ent es , Sch inini 1 63 1 6 (CTES ,

COLO, BG ) , 1 9704 (CTES ,VALPL , LG , US , COLO , C ) , Ferraro 1499

(GTES , US , LG , COLO , BG , VALPL ) , 1 508 (CTES , COLO , KASSEL ) , 1 52 1

( CTES ,VALPL , US , BG ) , KrapOV i ckas s /n (CTES , MVM) , on Sebas t i ani a

S p . 2 91 66 (GTES , US , DC ) , Herb s t s/n (CTES ) ; Mi s i ones , Kr apov i ckas

34 1 4 4 (CTES , COLO) ; J uJuy , Ferraro 5 1 3 (GTES , AAR ) .

Punct e l i a mi cros t i ct a (Mu l l . Arg . ) Krog

P l a t e 2 , L

Krog H 1 982 . Nord . J . Bo t . 2 91 .

Parme l i a mi cros t i ct a Mu l l . Arg . , Fl ora 62 : 1 64 . 1 879 . Arechava

1 e t a , 1 888 . Rev . Myco l . 1" Ur uguay : Mon t e v i deo"

. Gras

5 1 M . , 1 950 . L i l l oa 2 4 : 187 " Argent i na : B uenos Ai res , J u j uy ,

Sa l t a , Cérdoba ". Idem, 1 950 . L i l l oa 2 4 : 370 " Argent i na : T uc u

man ". Osor i o H 1 970 . The brye l . 393 " Argent i na : Cha

cc , Mi s i ones"

. Idem, 1 976 . The Bryo l . 358 " Argent i na

B uenos Ai res"

. Idem, 1 978 . The Bryo l . 4 53 " Bras i l"

.

Idem, 1 981 . Com. Bo t . Mus . Mon t e v i deo 5 “ Argent i na

Mi s i ones"

. Idem, 1 982 . Com. Bo t . Mus . Mont e v i deo 4

Argent i na : Mi s i ones

Tha l l u s 8- 16 cm i n d i ame t er , cor t i co l o u s , cor i aceo u s , grayi sh t o

brown-ye l l owi sh , l obes 3 - 4 mm wi de , r are imbr i ca t e , margi ns ent i r e

t o cr ena t e or s i nua t e .

Upper S i de r ugos e , ps eudocyphe l l a t e , pseudocyphe l l ae mm

wi de , n umero u s , orb i cu l ars , emargi na t e , l ack i ng soredi a and i s i di a .

Lower S i de brown and rh i z ina t e a t t he cent er , rare wh i t e macu l at e , naked in a zone a l ong t he margi ns .

Apo t heci a b rown- reddi sh , d i sc imper f ora t e , more or l es s 1 7 mm

i n d i ame t er , pedi ce l a t e , exci pl e pseudocyphe l l a t e , ent i re margins ;

spores gl obose , 1 6- 2 3 um x 1 3- 17 um, epi spor i um t i ck . P i cni di o

b l ack , margi na l . Con i d i o 1 4 - 1 7 um l ong . , f i l i f orm.

Chemi s t ry : med u l l a wh i t e , C wi t h f a t t y aci d .

ExS i cc . s e l ec t a : Argent ina : Corr i ent es , Ferraro 309 (GTES , MVM) ,

1 2 88 (GTES , US , COLO) , 1 02 a (CTES , AAR , COLO , MVM) , 2827 (GTES , C ) ,

274 8 (GTES ,KASSEL ) , 2 89 1 (CTES , on bark o f Scu t i a 338 (GTES ) ,

1986 Ferraro , Argent ine Pamebia ccae 201

(GTES ) , on bark o f Bi gnon i aceae 2 3 1 (GTES ) , Sch i ni ni 85 1 5 (CTES ,

AAR , COLO , G ) , 7838 (CTES , MVM) , 1 972 9a (CTES , COLO) , on Sch i nus

l ongi f o l i a 1 4 71 9 (GTES ) , on Sebas t i an i a b ras i l i ens i s 1 4 679 (CTES ) ,

Krapov i ckas 28062 (GTES ,VALPL , us , MVM, COLO, LG , MSK , G

, TSE ) ,

on Cas t e l a t weedi i 16202 (CTES , COLO) ; Chaco , Ferraro 3062 (GTES ,

LG , COLO, H , US ) ; J u j uy ,Ferraro 4 75 (GTES ) ; Sant a Fé , Ferraro 2 659

(CTES , G ) , Quar in s /n (CTES , MVM) ; La Pampa , Krapov i ckas s /n (CTES ,

MVM) ; Mendoza , Ru i z Lea l s /n , on rock (CTES , MERL ) ; Sa l t a , Sch ini n i

1 4 54 6 , 1 9691 (CTES ) ; San t i ago de l Es t ero , Krapov i ckas 37485 (GTES ) .

Uruguay : San J osé , Krapov i ckas 1 634 7 (CTES ) . Bol i v i a : Tar i j a , Kr a

pov i ckas 3391 7 (GTES ) .

Acknowl edgment s

I want t o t hank v ery s i ncer e l y Dr . M. Ha l e f or cr i t i ca l l y r ea

ding t he manu scr i pt and mak i ng va l uab l es comment s .

I a l so t hank Dr . T . Nash I II f or conf i rming t he i dent i f i ca t i on

of some t axa .

P l a t e 1 : A , Fl avopunc t e l i a f l avent i or (Fer r aro B , Punct e l i al orent z i i (Redon C , Punct e l i a hypol euci t es (Fer r aroD

, Punct e l i a rudect a (Fer raro E , Punct e l i a subrudect a (Ferr aro F , Punct e l i a punct i l l a (Ru i z Lea l s /n ) .

P l a t e 2 : G , Punct e l i a subpr aes igni s (Reno l f i H , Punct e l i aborrer i (Kr apov i ckas I

, Punct e l i a r i ograndens i s (Sch i n i niJ , Punct e l i a cons t an t imont i um (Sch i ni ni K , Fune t e

l i a canal i cu l a t a (Ferraro L , Punct el i a mi cros t i ct a (Sch i n in i 1 972 9a ) .

P H Y T 0 L 0 G A Vol . 61 , No .

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DATURA LANOSA , A NEW SPECIES OF DATURA FROM MEXICO

Robert A . Bye, Jr.

U niversity of Colorado M useumDept . of EPO BiologyBou lder, CO 80309

and Jardin Botanico, Inst . de B iologia,

U niversidad Nacional A u tonoma de M éxico,

04510 M exico, DF . M EXICO

ABSTRACT .

-Da1ura Ianosa Barclay ex Bye, related to D . moxza and D.

wrighm, is described from northwest M exico.

Based upon ethnobotanical and f loristic st udies in the Sierra

M adre Occidental of Chihuahua, M exico, and biosystematic st udies of

North American species of Datura , a new species is proposed:

Datura lanosa Barclay ex Bye, sp. nov. Datura wr1ghti1 Regel af

f inis, a qua differt foliis supra puberulis, subtus lanato- pubesceutibus, marginibus irregulariter sinuato- dentatis, petiolis et ramis

juniores et pedunculis f loralibus et fructibus et calycibus extus

lanatis. Typus: M EXICO . Sinaloa . C u liacan and vicinity; volcaniccerro and valley, thorn forest , marginal river sand, 150- 500 f t .

alt . , A ug. , 1944 , H . S . Gentry 7052 (Holotype, GH l; isotypes, F1,NY ! , U0 , US).

Cau lescent dichotomously branched perennial herb up to m or

more in height , widely spreading, the young branches lanate, the

entire plant appearing canescent . L eaves simple, alternate, ovate,

margin entire or irregu larly sinuate- dentate, the apex acu te, the

base equal to subequal, petioles up to 10 cm long; leaf b lades up to

cm long and 18 cm wide, one- half to two- thirds as broad as long;

upper surface puberu lent , lower surface lanate, the same pubescencecontinu ing along the petiole. Flowers pedicellate, erect borne in

the axils of the branches; pedicels lanate, erect during anthesis,

later becoming somewhat elongate and recurved; calyx t ube cylindric

al, 8- 15 cm long, 5- toothed at the apex , the exterior lanulose, the

interior glabrous; calyx teeth acuminate, cm long,

cm broad at the base; corolla white, f unnelform, plicate, terminat

ing in a 5- dentate border, 14 5 cm long, the corolla teeth

(acumina) acu te to acuminate, cm long and cm wide at

the base, each with 3 conspicuous proximal nerves; margin of the

corolla between the teeth rounded or with interacuminal lobu les giv

ing the corolla the appearance of being IO- angled; ex terior of the

corolla glabrous to slightly puberulent along the veins, interior

glabrous down to the point of staminal adnation, becoming sparsely

pubescent below ; stamens 5, free,epipetalous, extending 12 - 17 cm

from the base of the corolla and adnate to the t ube for abou t half

204

1986 Bye , A new Species 205

their length , anthers cm long with filamentous trichomes

along the lines of dehiscence; style cm long; stigma bi

lobed. Fru its subglobose, irregu larly dehiscent ; capsu les up to 4 cm

long,recurved on pedicels cm long; pericarp covered with

short , sharp spines approximately 5 mm long; surface of both the

fru i t and the spines villous to lanate; calyx persistent , circumscissile above the base,

forming an appressed cup- like struct urewhich sub tends the capsu le. Seeds reniform, carunculate, mm

long,mm w ide,

w ith three ridges which form a cord- like band

on the convex edge of the seed, the lateral faces smooth .

Originally,this taxon was recognized as a subspecies of D .

moxza M iller by A rthur Barclay (1959) bu t was not publishedef fectively.

Datura Ianosa is closely related to D. moxia and D . wrzghtu ,

based upon similarities of morphological characters and karyotypes.

T he branches, leaves, f lowers, fru its and seeds are more similar to

these species than to other members of the section Du tra Bernh . The

principal difference is the type of pubescence (see key below ). The

karyotypes of D. Ianosa , D. moxxa and D . wrzghtu are similar in

that three chromosome pairs have satellites; they dif fer from D.

d iscolor, another member of section Du tra, and D. stramomum (of the

section Dat ura) in having only four chromosome pairs w ith satellites

(Palomino et al in press). One of the three pairs of D . Ianosa

have satellites at both ends of the chromosome while all three pairs

of D . moxia and D . wrzghtzi have satellites on only one end.

Datura lanosa grows in open, dist urbed sites near arroyos and

drainage depressions of the thorn forest and tropical deciduousforest of northwest M exico. It is found from sea level on the

coastal plain to m snm in the barrancas on the western slope

of the Sierra M adre Occidental.

Throughou t its range it is called’

toloache’

, a vernacu lar name

applied to many species of Datura and deri ved from the Nahuatl terms’

toloa’

and’

toloatzin’

. A pou ltice prepared by mixing the crushedleaves with animal fat is used to treat various pains, skin inf lam

mations and sores. The people also attribu te poisonous propert ies to

all parts of the plant if it is smelled,handled or ingested In

large doses, it may cause permanent insanity or death . The T arab umara Indians of Chihuahua call the plant

’

rikuri’

and consider It

one of the allies of the dev il; hence it is dangerous to harm the

plant . The Pima Indians of Sonora call it’

hakundum’

("

it does

something to our head

SPECIM EN S EXAM INED: M EXICO. Chihuahua . Batopilas, A ug- Nov .

1885, E . Palmer Z - 1 (F , US); L a B u fa, R . Bye 2977. 9612 (COLO), B ye

62 Weber 8349 (COLO), Bye et al. 12850. 12853 (COLO), Bye <9 L uzares

14246—8. 14250- 2 (M EK U ), M oris, June 1968, C . W . Pemzmgton 6. 7

(TEX ); Sou thern Chihuahua, R . M . n g A 73 (F). Nayarit A caponeta,

30 Ju ly 1897, J . N . Rose s.n. (US); El Recodo, Bye Arellano 13316

(M EXU ), Jesus M aria,E1 Nayar, Colunga Z zzumbo 13 (CA S,

M EXU , UC) .

Sinaloa Bella V ista,M azatlan,

J . Gonzalez Ortega 6373 (DS, GH );Bomoa,

Bye Arellano 13355 (MEXU ); Celaya, .Escu inapa,Bye 62 A1 81

Iano 13363; C u liacan, Gentry 7052 (F ,GH ,

NY , UC), Rose et al 14918

(NY , U S); ca. 66 km N of Cu liacan,Bye Arellano 13334 (M EXU ); E l

206 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No. 3

F uerte, Gentry 4920 (ARIZ , MO), Rose et al. 13452 (US); G uamuchil,Ha nsen Nee 1400 (M EXU , US); G usave, Bye Arellano 13351 (M EXU );La Constancia, El F uerte, Gonzalez 0 . 5483 (M EKU , US); L as Cabras,

Escu inapa, Bye Arellano 13366 (M EXU ); Las Palmas, Gonzalez 0 . 4544

(US); M arismas, Escu inapa, Gonzalez 0 . s.n. (M EXU ); M azatlan, Gon

zalez 0 . 5654 (U S); San B las, Rose et al. 13355 (US, NY ), M . E .

Jones 23115 p.p. (POM ); V illa Union, Rose et al . 13927 (NY , U S), Bye

Arellano 13323- 4 (M EXU ). Sonora . A lamos, Rose et al . 13010 (NY ,

US), C . E . Smith CS 4703 (US), Bye 62 AreIIano 13346- 7 (M EXU );Onavas, A . M . Rea 44 (SD); San Bernardo, Gentry 1346 (ARIZ , F , GH ,

M EXU , MO, UC , US).

K ey to Datura Ianosa and related species

A . Lower leaf surface sof tly pilose, particu larly along the veins,the same indument extending to the petiole; venation of the

leaves tending to be strongly pinnate with the veinlets incon

spicuous; exterior of corolla usually glabrous. D. inoxia

. Lower leaf surface not as above; venation of leaves pinnate but

veinlets more pronounced, giv ing a more reticu late pat tern to

the lower leaf surface, exterior of corolla puberu lent , especi

ally along the veins.

B . Lower leaf surface and petioles canescent , densely covered w ith

short trichomes. D. wright t i

BB . Lower leaf surface, petioles and young branches lanate. D.

Ianosa

Bibliography

Barclay, A . S . 1959. St udies in the genus Datura (Solanaceae), l .

Taxonomy of subgenus Datura . Unpubl. Ph .D. Dissertation, Har

vard Univ Cambridge, MA .

Palomino G . , R . V iveros R . Bye [in press] . Cytology of fiveM ex ican species of Datura L . (Solanaceae). Sou thwest . Nat .

Acknow ledgements

Financial support to cover part of the f ield expenses was pro

vided by Harvard University (Botanical M useum; Dept . of Biology),University of Colorado M useum, Universidad Nacional A u tOnoma de

Mexico (Jardin Botanico), National Science Foundation, National G eo

graphic Society and American Philosophical Society. A . S . Barclay

kindly shared his knowledge, photographs and specimens. F . Chaing

and W . A . W eber corrected the Latin description. J. Chandler and L .

G . Verplanken prov ided facilities for the field work in Chi

huahua. Vehicle and travel costs were shared by friends and st udentsfrom the University of Colorado for work in Chihuahua and by J.

A rellano for for collecting in Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora. The cu

rators of the herbaria cited above kindly arranged for the loans of

specimens for st udy. Dr. W eber prepared the f inal copy.

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208 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 3

erence source f or pal eont ol ogy and evol u t ion courses .

EVOLUTION Sel ect ed Papers by Sewal l Wright , edi t ed and int ro

duced by Wi l l iam B. Provine , x i i i 8 649 pp. , 177 h/w f ig. 8 32

t ab . Uni vers i t y of Chicago Pres s , Chicago , I l l inoi s 60637 .

1986 . cl ot hbound 8 paperbound .

Al l of Sewal l Wr ight' s pre- l 950 papers and some pu bl i shed l at er

on evol u t ion and phys iol ogical and mat hemat ic popu l at ion genet icsare cogent ly int roduced by t he highly compet ent edi t or . S ince t heycome f rom several j ou rnal s and t he Encycl opaedia Bri t t anica

"

, it

cert ainly i s advant ageou s t o have t hem al l in t hi s vol ume f or t he

many advanced s t udent s and schol ars worl dwide who wi l l want or need

t hi s mat erial in per sonal or uni ver s i t y l i brary copies . A f ew of

t he t i t l es of paper s (of t en present ed t o sympos ia ) are : The Rol es of

Mu t at ion, I nbreeding, Cros s breeding and Sel ect ion i n Evol u t ion, The

Di s t r ibu t ion of Gene Freq uencies in Popu l at ions of Polyploids ,S t at i s t ical Genet ics and Evol u t ion, and The Genet ical S t ruct u re of

Popu l at ions .

BARE BONES Everybody' s I ns ide Out by David Hawcock , 138 x 20

inches , pl as t ic wrapped bookl et 8 cut - out . Fact s on F i l e Pub

l icat ions , New York , N. Y . 10016 . 1986 .

Thi s package prov ides a novel and ef f ect i ve way of cons t ruct inga human f emal e s kel et on, al l 206 bones , a met er t al l and hav ing i tf l ex i bl e at normal point s . It can range in use f rom an unu s ualf un t hing at a Hal l oween part y t o an individu al or cooperat i vel earning i t em in a high school biol ogy cl as s or cl u b or f or f u t urenu rses . Part s can be put t oget her , t hen ident i f ied in games or

l abel l ed . The ent ire package incl udes " A set of f ou r s heet s of

heavy paper f romwhich t o cont ruct t he Skel et on , A 4- page fol d- upbookl et ent it l ed

'Al l Abou t Bones ' and A f u l ly- l abel l ed , fact

f il l ed wal l pos t er of a real human Skel et on .

GROWI NG AND US ING HERBS AND SPI CES " by Mi l o Mi l oradovich, 236 pp. 84 b/w p1 . Dover Pu bl icat ions , New York , N. Y . 10014 . 1986 .

paperbound.

Thi s new edi t ion"is a s l ight ly abridged repu bl icat ion of t he

work f irs t pu bl i s hed in 1952 by Dou bl eday 8 Company , Inc . under t het i t l e

'The Home Garden Book of Herbs 8 Spices

' "omi t t ing t he out - Of

dat e l i s t of s u ppl iers . The descri pt ive mat er ial s , hi s t orical backgrounds and l egendry make f or del ight f u l ly informat i ve reading al ongwi t h t he det ai l ed gardening ins t ruct ions . There are al so some descr i pt ions of t he preparat ion of spices f rom t he l arge pl ant at ionsin t he t ropics .

Vol. 61 November 1986 No . 4

CONTENTS

HENRY, R .D. , A floristic profile of the McDonough County, Illinois,

W lLCOX, B .P. , BRYANT, F.C., WESTER, D 82 ALLEN , B .L. ,

Grassland communities and soils on a high eleva tion

LELONG , M .G A taxonomic treatment of the genus Panicum

MOLDENKE, H .N Notes on the genus Clerodendrum

MOLDENKE , A .L. , Book reviews

DEC 1 1986

Published by Harold N . Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

590 Hemlock Avenue N .W .

Corvallis, Oregon 97330-3818U.S .A.

Price of this number for this volume in advance or

after. close of the volume; extra to all foreign addresses anddomest ic

dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lostin the mailmust be made immediately after receipt of the next followingnumber for free replacement ; back volume prices apply if payment is

received after a volume is closed.

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2 10 P H v T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

a l t hough in an undat ed (bu t probab l y wr i t t en near t he mi d 1g60 's )

grant prOposal f or research on t he Count y f l ora he s t at ed in t he

int rodu ct i on " Prev ious t o 1945 t he f l ora of McDonough had not

been s t udi ed and onl y f our speci es o f pl ant s had b een co l l ect ed

according t o t he l i t erat u re .

" He wr i t es in t hi s s ame proposa lwhen he came t here was no herbari um or f aci l i t i es f or col l ect ingor s t or ing specimens ; he t hen proceeded t o ob t a in some co l l ect ingmat er i a l s ,

a herbar ium case and s t ar t ed a proj ect t o col l ect a l l

t he vascu l ar pl ant s (wi t h dupl i cat e specimens being deposi t ed in

t he Il l ino i s St at e Mus eum at Spr ingf i el d) in t he Count y no t ingt ha t a herbar i um (whi ch he S t a t es (Myers 1972 p. 59) was f oundedin 1946) b esi des being essent i al f or t eaching cl asses in Pl ant

Taxonomy, Eco l ogy, r el at ed f i el ds and res earch ,

"a l so prov i des a

record o f t he f l ora whi ch i s s ub ject t o change du e t o t he

des t r uct ion o f woodl ands , draining of swamps , const ruct ion of

b u i l di ngs and int ens i v e f arming.

"

In 1946 Dr . Myers , on a t yped ca t a l og he prepared of t he v ascu l arpl ant s o f Il l inoi s as l i st ed in J ones '

( 1945) Fl ora of Il l inoi s ,

annot at ed t he McDonough Coun t y speci es . He l i st ed 187 speci es ( Icount ed 190) by J une 30 , 1946 . Since t here wer e a l so some da t ed

a f t er t ha t i n 1946 , I count ed a t ot a l of 2 17 speci es on hi s l i st .

Ten o f t hese he not ed a s cu l t i vat ed t hu s res u l t ing in 177 and 207

Speci es respect i v e l y as b ei ng spont aneo us . It appears t ha t near l ya l l o f t hese ob ser v at ions and col l ect ions were made in 1946 wi t hin

a sev eral mi l e radi u s of Macomb incl uding many in t he W . I .U. campu sV i cini t y and some at Spr ing Lake Park . Myers produced mimeographedca t a l ogs (checkl i s t s ) in 194 8 (reproduced as Myers 1959 ,

and 1964 in whi ch he l i s t ed 522 ,745 and 837 speci es r espect i v el y .

In 1972 (Myers 1972) he anno t at ed 944 speci es not ing t hat 919 of

t hese were nat i v e and nat u ra l i zed a l i en t axa and excl uded ano t her

22 ( I coun t ed 25) as not nat u ral i zed a l i ens . In t hi s pub l i ca t i onhe prov i ded a di scuss i on of t he Coun t y f l ora (pp. 55 - 59) and t he

W . I . U. Herbar ium (p. Ot her annot at i ons of t he speci es

incl uded i f Specimens col l ect ed in McDonough Coun t y were in t he

N. I . U. herbari um or not,rar e , a l i en , economic pl ant , ornament al ,

po i sonou s ,weed , aqua t i c and , i f no t numbered , no t nat u ral i zed . In

1975 (Myers 1975 ) he pub l i shed 15 new Count y records s t at ing t ha t

The addi t ion of t hes e Speci es increases t he known vascu l ar pl ant sgrowing wi l d in McDonough Count y t o 94 7 , bu t 2 7 are excl uded as

t hey are a l i en ornament a l s or economi c pl ant s cons i dered t o be

cas ua l escapes f rom cu l t i v at ion ,ant hropogenet i c rel ict s or ra i l

road migrant s .

" Henry and Sco t t in 1982 (Henry and Scot t 1982 )l i s t ed 1061 speci es (as wel l as an addi t iona l 34 s ub speci f i c and

hybr i d t axa) as growing spont aneous l y in t he Count y. In 1986 t he

Il l inoi s Na t u ra l Hi s t ory Su rv ey ( Il l inoi s Nat u ra l Hi s t ory Su r v ey1986) i ndica t ed t here are b et ween 901 and 1 100 speci es in t he

Coun t y . Thi s paper i s based upon 1096 v ascu l ar pl ant Speci es (pl usan addi t ional 4 8 inf raspeci f i c t axa and sev en hybr i ds) t ha t hav ebeen recorded as occu rri ng spont aneous l y (growi ng wi t hou t hav ingbeen int en t i ona l l y pl ant ed by man and t hu s incl udes a l l nat i v e and

1986 Henry , A f l or i s t ic prof i l e 211

non -

pl ant ed a l i ens whet her nat u ra l i zed or not ) in t he McDonough

Coun t y f l ora and whi ch s er v e as t he b as i s f or t hi s f l or i s t i c

prof i l e .

Mos t of McDonough Coun t y i s in t he t ransi t ional zone b et ween t he

Grand Prai r i e and Fores t - Prai ri e Trans i t ion f l or i s t i c prov incesof Il l inoi s , t he f ormer pro v ince occu rr i ng at t he nor t heas t ern

edge and t he l a t t er prov ince occu rr ing at t he sou t hern edge o f

t he Coun t y (Anderson and Ugent The Nat u ra l Di v i s i on of

Il l i noi s wh i ch incl udes McDonough Count y i s t he Wes t ern Fores t

Prai r i e Di v i s i on (speci f i ca l l y t he Ga l esb u rg sect i on) accordingt o Schwegman A map of Il l i noi s pub l i shed in 1982

( Il l i no i s Depar t men t of Conser v at i on 1982 ) t i t l ed The Fores t s o f

Il l inoi s , depi ct s t he f ores t cov er of McDonough Count y f rom t he

t ime of s et t l ement ( 1810) unt i l recent ly as we l l as t he genera l

f ores t t ypes , acerage and coverage . Myers and Wr i gh t ( 1948)

pub l i shed a paper on t he v eget a t ion of McDonough Coun t y showing

t ha t genera l ly t he or i gi na l vege t a t ion was pra i ri e in t he nor t h

eas t one -ha l f and f ores t in t he sou t hwes t one - ha l f of t he Coun t y .

The na t u ra l veget at ion has a l so b een genera l l y s ummar i zed byShadwi ck ( 1968 p. 9 In general , t he f ores t cov erage o f t he

Count y has been reduced f rom abou t 4 5% t o around 88 and t he

prai r i e f rom 55% t o pract i ca l l y none t oday .

Some o t her pub l i ca t i ons concern ing t he McDonough Coun t y f l ora t hat

are not o t herwi s e ci t ed i n t hi s paper are : Mav i s and Ma v i s ( 1972

on wi l df l owers ; t ex t s uppl emen t ed by Kodachrome t ransparenci es , a

set o f wh i ch was gi v en t o t he Il l inoi s S t at e Mu s eum (Springf i e l d)and t o t he W . I . U . l i b rary) , Myers ( 1950 on Mar s i l ea ) , Henry and

Scot t ( 1984 on seeps ) , Henry and Scot t ( 1985 on Fers t er Woods ) ,Henry ( 1965 on l awnpl an t s ) , Laughb eraugh ( 1856 on or i ginal l and

s u rv ey) , Henry,Iv es , O' Fl aher t y and St i dd ( 1978 and par t i a l l y

rev i s ed 1986 f or keys t o common pl an t s ) ,Thu row and Henry ( 1968 on

ches t nu t t rees ) , Myers ( 1982 repr i nt o f 1975 mimeograph on a t a l l

grass prai r i e west of Macomb ) , Coon , Gu i l inger and Mar t in ( 1984

repr in t of a 1964 report of a wet pra i r i e remnan t ) , Morr i s ( 196 1

on t rees ) , and Schwegman ( 1982 on L ept ochl oa un i ner v 1 a ) . Re l evantW . I . U . mas t er degree t heses ar e Murphy ( 195 1 on a phyt OS OC i ol ogi cal

s t udy of an oak- h i ckory woods ) , See ly ( 1949 on poi sonou s pl ant s ) ,Nea l ( 1969 f l or i s t i cs of Lake Vermont ) , Rees e ( 1979 on t he ra i l

road f l ora) and cu rr en t ly i n process a f l ori s t i c s t udy of Macomb 's

Spri ng Lake Park area by C . Wi rmum. In t he W. I . U . herb ar i uml i b rary are some s t uden t cl ass repor t s and t erm papers t ha t cont a in

u se f u l i n f orma t ion on some areas . Some pub l i ca t i ons t hat dea l wi t h

Coun t y records and di s t r ib u t iona l inf orma t i on t ha t incl udeMcDonough Coun t y are Mohl enbrock and Ladd Jones and Fu l l er

Wint err i nger and Ev ers Henry ,Scot t and Sh i l dneck

Henry and Scot t Sco t t and Henry Scot t and

Henry Ladd and Moh l enb rock Moh l enb rock (1985) and

Henry and Sco t t

212 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

Thi s f l or i s t i c prof i l e i s based upon an updat ed copy o f " Checkl i s t of t he Vascu l ar Pl an t s o f McDonough Coun t y , Il l inoi s " (Henryand Scot t 1982 ) wh ich i s s ummar i zed in Tab l e 1 . Taxa nomencl at u rea t and bel ow t he f ami ly l evel , as wel l as t axa n umb ers in I l l inoi s

used in t h is paper f ol l ow Mohl enb rock ( 1975 ) ra t her t han

Mohl enb rock ( 1986) whi ch was pub l i shed af t er t he b u l k of t he dat a

in t hi s paper was prepared .

TAXONOMIC ANALYS IS

There are 1096 Speci es in t he McDonough Count y , Il l inoi s ,

spont aneou s v ascu l ar pl an t f l ora . Thi s represent s o f t he

present- day speci es in t he spont aneou s Il l inoi s vascu l ar pl ant

f l ora (based on Moh l enbrock Of t hese speci es 269

ar e a l i en and 827 nat i ve speci es . In addi t ion t o t he 1096

speci es t here ar e 48 i n f raspeci f i c t axa and 7 hybr ids whi ch

represent and respect i vel y of t hose in t he present dayIl l inoi s f l ora based on Moh l enbrock

The 1096 Speci es occur in al l 5 vascu l ar pl ant di v i s ions t hat

occu r i n I l l inoi s . One i s a Lgcopodi ophgt a , 3 are

Equ i s e t ophyt a , 24 are Pol ypodi ophyt a ,4 are P i nophyt a

and 1064 are Magnol i ophyt a . Th us t he spec i es are abou tpt eri dophyt es , O. S% gymnosperms and angiosperms . Wi t h in

t he angiosperms 286 are L i l i ops i da (monocot s ) and 778

are Magnol i ops zda (di cot s) . The monoco t s repr esent

and t he di cot s 718 of t he 1096 Speci es in t h i s f l ora .

The 1096 speci es occu r in 1 14 f ami l i es . Th i s represent s of

t he f ami l i es in t he Spont aneou s Il l inoi s vascu l ar pl ant f l ora

bas ed on Mohl enb rock One be l ongs t o t he Lycopodi o

phyt e , one i s an Equzs e t ophyt a , f ou r are Pol ypodi o

phyt a ,t hree are P i nophyt a and 105 are Magnol i o

phyt a . Thu s t he f ami l i es are abou t pt eri dophyt es ,

gymnosperms , and angiosperms . Wi t hin t he angiosperms 18

are L i l i ops i da and 87 (82 . are Ma gnol i ops i da . The

monocot s represen t and t he di cot s o f t he 1 14 f ami l i es

in t hi s f l ora . The f i ve l arges t f ami l i es are t he Compos i t ae (wi t h

144 speci es) , Poacea e ( 126 Speci es ) , Cyperacea e (85 speci es) ,Legumi nosa e (48 speci es ) , and Ros aceae (47 spec ies) .

The 1096 spec ies occu r in 477 genera . Thi s represent s o f

t he genera in t he Spont aneou s I l l inoi s vascu l ar pl ant f l ora based

on Moh l enb rock One be l ongs t o t he Lgcopodi ophyt a ,

one i s a Equ 1 5 e t 0 ph yt a ,14 are Pol ypodi oph yt a , t hree

are P i nophyt a and 458 are Magnol i ophyt a . Thu s t he

genera are abou t pt er i dophyt es , gymnosperms and 96

angiosperms . Wi t hin t he angi osperms 105 are L i l i ops i da and

353 are Magnol i ops i da . The monocot s represent 22% and t he

di cot s 74% of t he 4 77 genera in t hi s f l ora . The f i v e l argest

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214 p H v 1 o L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

genera are Car ex (wi t h 61 speci es ) , Pol ygon um and As t er ( 18Speci es each) , Pan i c um ( 13 speci es ) , Sol i dago ( 12 speci es ) and

Vi ol a ( 1 1 speci es ) .

Of t he 4 8 in f raspeci f i c t axa ,one if ; Pol ypodi ophgt a and

4 7 are Magnol i ophyt a o f whi ch 12 are L i l i opsi da

and 35 are Magnol i ops i da . Of t he 7 hyb ri ds one i s

a Pol ypodi Ophyt a and s i x are Magnol i ophyt a of whi ch t wo

are L i l i ops i da and f ou r are Magnol i ops i da .

WOODY VS . HERBACEOUS SPEC IES

Of t he 1096 speci es 148 are woody and 948 are

herbaceou s . Of t he 148 woody speci es 82 are t rees , 53

are shrub s and 1 3 are v ines . Al l of t he pt er i do

phyt es are herbaceou s , a l l o f t he gymnosperms woody (4 speci es ,

a l l t rees ,wh i ch represent of t he 148 woody speci es ) and in

t he angiosperms 144 are woody wh i ch represent s of t he 148

woody speci es and of t he 1064 angiosperm speci es . Of t he

144 woody angiosperm speci es 78 are t rees , 53 are

shrub s and 13 are V i nes . There are 920 herb aceou s angi o

sperms which are 86 . of t he angiosperm speci es .

Of t he 148 woody Speci es 32 are a l ien and 1 16 are

nat i v e whereas of t he 948 herbaceou s speci es 2 37 are a l i en

and 71 1 are na t i v e . Three o f t he 4 gymnosperm Species

(wh i ch are a l l woody) are al i en and one o f t he pt eri dophyt e

speci es (wh i ch are al l h erbaceou s ) , Ma r s i l ea of t he Po l ypodi ophyt a ,

i s an a l i en . In t he angiosperms 29 of t he woody Speci es

are al i ens and 1 15 are nat i ve and o f t he herbaceou sspeci es 2 36 are a l i ens and 684 are na t i ve .

The l arges t woody genera are Querc u s ( 10 speci es) ; Cra t aegu s ,

Rub us , Sa l i x (8 speci es each) ; Lon i ce ra (7 Speci es ) and Acer ,

Carga , Pr un us , Ros a (5 speci es each) . The l arges t herbaceousgenera are t he l argest genera l i st ed near t he end o f t he

t axonomi c ana l ys i s sect i on o f t h is paper .

DURATION

Of t he 1096 species 261 are annual s ,40 are b i

enni a l s and 795 are perenni al s . There are no annu a l or

b i enn i al pt er i dophyt es or gymnosperms . Of t he perenni al speci es

one i s a Lgcopod i ophgt a ,t hree are Equi se t ophyt a ,

24

are Pol ypod i ophgt a ,f ou r are P i nophgt a and 763

are Magnol i ophyt a . Of t he 1064 angiosperm species 261

are ann u a l s ,40 are b ienni al s , and 763 are

perenn i al s .

Henry , A f l ori s t ic prof i l e

Of t he 261 ann ual speci es 12 8 are al i ens , of t he 40

b i enn i al speci es 23 are al i ens and of t he 795 perenni al

speci es 1 18 are al i en . There are no a l i en L ycopodi ophyt a

or Equ i s e t ophgt a , in t he Pol ypodi ophgt a t he onl y a l i en i s one ou t

o f 24 perenni al speci es and in t he P i nophgt a t hree ou t o f

f ou r perenni al speci es . In t he angiosperms 128 of t he 261

annua l Speci es are a l i ens ,23 o f t he 40 b i enni a l

speci es and 1 14 o f t he 763 perenn i a l speci es .

HABITAT

Of t he 1096 speci es 61 are ob l iga t e aq u at i cs and 1035

are t errest r i a l . There are no a q ua t i c L gCOpodi ophgt a ,

Equi se t ophyt a or P i nophyt a ; one i s a Po l ypodi ophgt a

(Mar s i l ea ) and 60 are magnol i ophyt a . Of t he angi osperm

speci es 60 are aq ua t i c . Of t he 61 a q u at i c Speci es 4

are al i ens and of t he 1035 t errest r i a l speci es 265

are al i ens . In t he Po l ypodi ophyt a t here i s one aq u at i c speci es

and i t -i s an a l i en . In t he angiosperms t hree of t he 60

aq u at i c speci es are a l i en and 262 of t he 1004 t erres t r i al

speci es are a l iens .

NATIVE SPEC IES

Of t he 1096 speci es of spon t aneou s vascu l ar pl ant s in McDonough

Coun t y ,82 7 are na t i v e speci es . These inc l ude one

Lgcopod i ophyt a ,t hree Equ1 s e t ophgt a ,

2 3 Po l ypod i

ophgt a ,one P i nophgt a and 799 Magnol i ophyt a . Of

t he 799 nat i ve speci es o f t he Magno l i ophyt a 230 are

L i l i ops i da and 569 are Ma gnol i ops i da . The 827 nat i v especi es in McDonough Count y represent of t he na t i v e speci es

in I l l inoi s .

As a primary resu l t of hab i t a t dest ru ct i on , pr incipa l l y du e t o

man 's act iv i t i es (i . e . agri cu l t u ral pract i ces ,

t ranspor t at i on

corr i dors , hou s ing and urban devel opment ) , t he numb ers of nat i vespeci es and pl ant s have been reduced and wi t hou t preser vat i on and

or mi t i gat ion e f f or t s t hi s t rend wi l l cont inu e . An indi cat or of

t hi s t rend i s t hat na t i ve Speci es become rare , t hreat ened,

endangered and f ina l l y ex t inct . The Il l inoi s Nat u ra l Hi s t orySu rv ey (1986) indi cat es 0- 5 endangered or t hreat ened speci es f or

McDonough Coun t y. Bowl es , et a l . ( 1981) l i s t s 5 s uch speci es one

being t hreat ened and 4 endangered :

Pana x qui nque f b l i us : t hreat ened ; al t hough indi cat ed t o not

presen t l y known t o be ex t an t t here are at l eas t t hree ex t an tl ocat ions .

Beckmann i a s yz i gachne : endangered ; a l t hough indi cat ed t o b e

ext an t based on co l l ect ions in 1974,t hi s a u t hor has been unab l e

216 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No .

t o l oca t e i t at t hi s l oca t ion t he past t wo years . Myer s ( 1975)s t at es t ha t a t t hi s l ocat i on (a ra i l road pra i r i e) i t i s ”

probab l ya rai l road mi gran t .

"

Cypr i pe di um r egi nae : endangered ; indi cat ed t o no t b e ing

present l y ext an t seems t o be accurat e s ince t he l as t co l l ect i on 1 5

recorded f rom 1881 per Shev i ak

Hab ena r i a l e ucophaea : endangered ; indi ca t ed t o not be ing

present l y ext ant seems t o b e accura t e s ince t he l as t col l ect i on i s

recorded f rom 1950 per Shev i ak ( l 974 ) °

Thel ypt er i s phegopt er l s : endangered ; indi cat ed t o not being

presen t l y ex t an t seems accu rat e s ince no recen t col l ect i ons are

known .

Recent col l ect ions in t he Coun t y ha ve resu l t ed in t he l oca t ion of

t he f o l l owing t hree speci es not in Bowl es , e t a l . (1981) f or

McDonough Count y .

Tr adescan t i a b rac t ea t a : endangered ; t wo sma l l co l on i es are

ext ant bu t t he i r l oca t i on on pr i va t e l and i nt ended f or agr i cu l t u remakes t he i r f u t u re precar iou s . Bowl es et al . ( 1981 ) st a t es t hat

no popu l a t i ons are presen t l y known in Il l ino i s .

Hydra s t i s cana den s i s : t hreat ened ; many pl ant s are present in

a preser v e (Fers t er Woods ) owned by West ern Il l inoi s Uni vers i t y .

(P i n u s re 5 1 nos a : endangered ; a number of pl ant s are present

res u l t ing f rom r eprodu ct i on of pl an t s pl ant ed in Argyl e St a t e Park

abou t 1949 . Al t hough t hese are spont aneou s pl an t s t hey shou l d b eexcl uded f rom t hi s l i s t since t hey are not par t of t he or igina l

na t i v e veget at i on . )

The s ev en t hreat ened and endangered speci es represent of t he

1096 speci es recorded f or McDonough Count y . Of t hese se ven t wo

or of al l speci es ) are t hrea t ened speci es and f i v eor of al l speci es) are endangered . Al l o f t he

t hre at ened speci es are Magnol i oph yt a whereas f ou r o f t he

endangered speci es are Magno l i ophyt a and one i s a Po l y

pod i oph gt a . Of t he 827 na t i ve speci es in t he Coun t y , t hese sevenare t he t wo t hreat ened speci es b e ing and t he f i v eendangered ones b e ing of t he nat i v e speci es . Of t he 799

angi osperm na t i ve speci es , t wo are t hreat ened and f ou rare endangered . Of t he Il l inoi s t hreat ened and endangered

speci es , se ven are repor t ed f rom McDonough Coun t y . How

e v er of t hese se ven speci es ,onl y t hree speci es Pana x goi nque

f o l l us ( t hreat ened) , Hydr as t i s canadens i s ( t hrea t ened) and

Trades can t i a b rac t ea t a (endangered) are known t o be ex t ant ; t hese

t hree speci es represent o f t he sev en repor t ed t hreat ened and

endangered speci es i n McDonough Count y ,of t he endangered

and t hreat ened speci es in t he Il l in0 1 s f l ora , and o f t he

nat i v e McDonough Count y speci es .

Al t hough t here are no Il l inoi s Nat u re Preser v es in McDonough

Count y,t here are fou r areas t hat are on t he Il l i noi s Nat u ra l Areas

Invent ory wh ich are Area # l 44 - Good Hope Marsh , Area # 145 - Lake

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218 P H v T o L 0 G 1 A Vol . 61 , No . 4

E uphorb i a ob t us a t a Gen t i ana f l a vi da G . a l ba

Carya l aci n i osa Aga s t ache s crophul ar i ae f ol i a ( 1979 ; rare) ,Te ucr i um occi den t a l e T . canadens e var . occ i den t a l e

De sman t h us i l l i noens i s Lob el i a ca rdi na l i s (exactcol l ect i on dat e unknown bu t pres umed t o b e b et ween 1954 and

L udwi gi a pal us t r i s L . pa l us t r i s var . amer i cana

Ca u l ophyl l um t hal i c t roi de s Ph l ox gl ab err ima P .

gl abe rr i ma ssp. i n t er i or Pol ygon um hydrOpiperoi des

Pol ygon um t en ue (no new col l ect i ons s ince L ys i machi a

quadr i f l ora ( l 979 ; rare) , Anemone cyl i ndr i ca Hydras t i s

canadens i s Ran unc u l us f asci cul a r i s Agrimon i a

ros t e l l a t e (exact col l ect ion dat e unknown bu t presumed t o be

b et ween 1954 and Cra t a egus ca l podendron Cra t aegu s

punc t a t e Gi l l en i a s t i pu l a t e Sa l i x r i gi da

A ur eol a r i a ped i c u l a r i a Ger ardi a ped i c u l ar i a var . amb i gens (exactcol l ect i on dat e unknown bu t pres umed t o be bet ween 1954 and

Chel one gl ab ra Gera rdi a purpurea (no new co l l ect ions since

Gr a t i o l a negl ec t a Ped i c u l a r i s l anceol a t a

ve rbena canadens i s Vi t i s a e s t i va l i s ( 1979 ; rare) ,

Tradescan t i a vi rgi n i ca T . V i rgini ana Car ex a l bo l u t escens

Car ex ar t i t ec t a (no new co l l ect i ons s ince Care xcr i n i t a Car ex cr us corv i Ca re x granul a r i s

Car ex h i r t i f ol i a Ca r ex J ame s i i Ca rex l ac us t r i sCarex mask i ngumens i s Ca rex ol i gocarpa ( 1979 ; rare) ,

Carex scopar i a Car ex t r i choca rpa Car ex ves i ca r i a

(no new col l ect i ons since Cyper us r i v u l a r i sE l eochar i s compr es s a E . el l i pt i ca var . compre s sa Sc l er i a

t r i gl omera t a Agros t i s pe rennans Brachgel gt rum

er ec t um Di ar rbena amer i cana D. amer i cana var . obova t e

(no new co l l ect i ons s ince Koel e r i a cr i s t a t a K . ma cr an t ha

( 1979 ; rare) ,Mel i ca n l t ens Muhl enbergi a racemo sa

Muhl enb ergi a s yl va t i ca ( 1979 ; rare) , Pan i c um l e i b ergi i ( 1979 ;rare) , Pan i c um praecoci us

'

(exact co l l ect ion dat e unknown bu t

presumed t o b e b etween 1954 and P a spa l um ci l i a t i f ol i um

( 1979 ; rare) , Phragmi t es commun i s P . a us t ra l i s Poa

pa l us t r i s ( 1979 ; rare) , Sporobol us vagi n i f l or us S t ipa

spa t t ee Tr i psac um dac t yl oi des J unc us ac umi na t u s( 1979 ; rare) , l l i um t r i cocc um ( 1983 var . b urdi ck i i ) , Cypr i pedi umregi na e ( 1881 ; perhaps ex t inct ) , Hab enar i a l e ucopha ea (no new

col l ect ions s ince 1950 ; perhaps ex t inct ) , Spi ran t hes cern ua (1950 ;Shev i ak ( 1974 ) as S . magn i campor um; Shevi ak anno t at ion l abel as

S . cern ua X S . magn l campor um—" l ow pra i r i e race Spi ran t hes

graci l i s S . l acera and Po t amoge t on d i ver s i f ol i u s (no new

co l l ect ions si nce

Myers ( 1972 p. 58) l i s t ed 19 speci es cons i dered rare in Il l inoi s

t ha t were repor t ed f or McDonough Count y. Fou r o t hers s imi l ar l yannot a t ed (R) in h i s cat al og are # 56 , Dr yopt e r i s phegt opt er i s

The l ypt e r i s ) ; # 1387 , Ga l l um t i nc t or i um; ” 1634 , Ech inodor usros t ra t u s E . b er t e r0 1 var . l anceo l a t u s ) ; and # 1805 , Cype r u sf l a vescen s . Some o f t hese 23 speci es ha ve been ref erred t o and

1986 Henry , A f l ori s t ic prof i l e 219

comment ed on in ot her part s of t hi s sect ion o f t hi s paper .

Col l ect ion dat a up t o t he present indi cat e t hat al l of t hese

speci es are uncommon and as not ed b ef ore at l eas t Hab ena r i a

l e ucophaea and Dr yopt er i s The l ypt er i s ) phegopt er i s may beex t inct . Myer s ( 1972 ) cat a l og did not incl ude any annot at ed

McDonough Count y speci es as ext inct X) .

A cl osing comment on t wo speci es t hat are of int erest i s t hat

L ycopodi um f l ab e l l i f orme f i rs t col l ect ed in 1976 (Henry and Scot t

1978) has no t be f ound s ince 1984 . Perhaps i t di ed du e t o a

sev ere s ummer drough t f o l l owed by severe wint er col d in 1983 .

The t hin soi l where i t was growing wou l d dry out q u i ck l y .

Her acl e um max imum i s uncommon be ing known at one l ocat i on abou tt wo mi l es nor t heast o f Co l chest er where t here i s a ni ce s t and of

i t in t he Lamoine Ri ver f l oodpl ain .

ALIEN SPEC IES

Myers and Henry ( 1979) di scus sed t he al i en f l ora of an area

cons i st ing of bot h McDonough and Hancock count i es ; t hi s paper

concerns t he current s t at u s of al i en speci es in McDonough Count yonl y .

Of t he 1096 spont aneou s v ascu l ar pl ant speci es ,269 are

a l i en and 82 7 nat i ve . Thes e 269 a l i en speci es represent

of t he a l i en speci es in t he Il l ino i s vascu l ar f l ora . Of

t hese 269 a l i en speci es t here are none in t he L gcopod i Oph yt a or

Equ i s e t ophgt a ,one in t he Po l ypodi ophyt a , t hr ee in

t he P i noph yt a and 265 in t he Magno l i oph yt a of wh i ch 209

are Magnol i ops i da and 56 L i l i ops i da . Fi f t y- S i x

o f t he Coun t y a l i en speci es are L i l i opsi da and 209

are Ma gno l i ops i da . Of t he 1096 speci es one in an a l i en

Po l ypodi ophyt a ,t hree are al i en P i noph gt a and 265

a l i en Magnol i ophyt a (56 L i l i ops i da and 2 09

Magnol i ops i da ) . One of t he Po l ypodi ophyt a , t hree (7S%) o f

t he P i nophyt a and 265 of t he Magnol i ophyt a speci es are

a l i ens . Of t he di co t speci es 209 are a l i en wh ereas 56

of t he monocot speci es are a l i ens . The S6 monocot a l i en

speci es represent of t he 1064 angi osperm speci es whereas t he

209 di cot a l i en speci es represent l 9 . 6% .

At l eas t 90% of t he l and area o f McDonough Count y i s occupi ed byal i en speci es , pri nci pal l y as crops and past ure ,

indi cat ing t he i r

economi c impor t ance . Many al i ens are we l l adapt ed t o and occu rCount y-wi de in di s t u rbed soi l areas (di s t urbOphyt es) where t hey

may or may not be cons i dered weeds depending on t hei r percept i on

and use by varying peopl e . Of t he 269 a l i en speci es f ourare ob l i gat e aq u at i c and 265 are t erres t ri a l . Ou t o f t he

f ou r aq uat i c a l i en speci es one i s a Pol ypodi ophgt a and t hree

220 P H Y T O L O G l A Vol . 61 , No.

are Magnol i ophyt a . In t he di v i s i ons t hat ha ve al i en speci es

100% of t he Pol ypodi oph yt a a l i en species are aq u at i c , 100% of t he

P i nophyt a are t erres t ri al and t hree of t he Magno l i ophgt a

al i en speci es are aq u at i c and are t erres t r i a l .

Of t he 269 al i en speci es 22 1 had t hei r or i gin f rom t he ol d

wor l d , 1 7 f rom t he t ropi cs , and 3 1 f rom ot her par t s

of t he Uni t ed St at es ( t hree f rom eas t and nort h U.S . , t wo

f rom sou t hern U . S . and 26 f rom wes t ern The

one P ol ypodi ophyt a a l i en spe ci es came f rom t he ol d wor l d , t he

t hree P i noph gt a f rom t he Uni t ed St at es (t wo f rom east /nort hern U. S one f rom sou t hern U . S . ) and of t he 265 Magnol i

ophgt a a l i en speci es 220 are of ol d wor l d ori gin , 1 7

f rom t he t ropi cs and 28 f rom ot her par t s of t he Uni t ed

St at es (one f rom eas t /nor t hern U. S one f romsou t hern U. S 26 f romwes t ern

Of t he 269 a l i en speci es 159 are or once were cu l t i vat ed .

Ou t of t hese 1 59 speci es one i s a Po l ypodi ophyt a , t hree

are Pi nophyt a and 155 Magnol i ophyt a . In t he

di v i s ions t ha t hav e al i en speci es one of t he Po l ypod i ophyt a ,

t hree of t he P i nophyt a and 155 of t he magno l i ophyt aal ien speci es are or once were cu l t i va t ed .

Of t he 269 al i en speci es 128 are annua l s ,23 are

b i enni a l s and 1 18 are perenn i a l s . A1 1 of t he

annua l s and b i enni a l s are Magnol i ophyt a and o f t he perenni a l s one

i s a Pol ypodi ophyt a , t hree are P i nophgt a and 1 14

are Ma gnol i ophgt a . In t he di v i s i ons t ha t ha ve a l i en

speci es one of t he Pol ypod i ophgt a , t hree o f t he

P i nophyt a and 1 14 of t he Magno l i Oph yt a a l i en speci es are

perenni a l s . The 128 annual s and 23 b i enn i al s cons t i t u t erespect i ve l y and of t he Magnol i oph yt a a l i en speci es .

Of t he 269 al i en speci es 32 are woody . Ou t o f t hese 32

speci es t hree are P inophyt a and 29 are Ma gnol i ophyt a .

In t he di v i s ions t hat ha ve al i en sp eci es t hree of t he

P l nophyt a and 29 o f t he Magnol i ophyt a a l i en speci es are

woody .

Of t he 269 a l i en speci es 123 are weeds . Two of

t hese weed speci es are P i nOphyt a and 12 1 of t hem are

Magnol i ophyt a . In di v i si ons t hat ha ve a l i en speci es t here are no

weeds in t he Pol ypodi ophgt a , t wo of t he t hree P i nophyt a

a l i en speci es are weeds and in t he Magno l i ophyt a 12 1 of

t he 265 al i en speci es are weeds . For f u rt her in f orma t ion see

Henry ( 1983a) for a l i s t of t he weeds o f t he spont aneou s McDonough

Coun t y vascu l ar pl ant f l ora in whi ch t he al ien weed speci es were

annot at ed . In a l at er paper Henry ( 1983b ) ana l yzed t hi s weed f l ora

incl uding t he a l i en speci es .

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222 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

comment s on some of t he speci es by Reese (1979) and myobservat i ons/ in t erpret at i ons i t i s es t imat ed t hat probab l y 60

a l i en speci es (incl uding ei gh t of t he 22 (my count i s 25) speci es

t hat Myers ( 1972 ) cons i dered unna t u ral i zed (i . e . were not

numberedl l have become nat ura l i zed bet ween 1972 and 1986 . Addingt hese 60 t o Myers

’ 160 makes 2 20 probab l e nat ura l i zeda l i en speci es ou t of t he present 269 al i en speci es in t he f l ora .

Th ese 269 speci es , as prev ious l y not ed , represent of t he

Coun t y spont aneous speci es wh i l e t he 220 nat u ral i zed species

represen t of t he Coun t y spont aneous speci es . For

compar i son wi t h t he spont aneous vascu l ar f l ora of Il l inoi s , Myers

(1972) dat a show t hat in 1972 al l a l i ens composed and

nat u ra l i zed al i ens o f t he Il l ino i s species and a l so t ha t

of t he a l i en speci es were nat u ra l i zed . By 1986 Pruka ' s

( 1986 p. 3) 81 1 nat ural i zed non- nat i ve speci es represent o f

t he 2853 t ot a l speci es in Mohl enb rock ( 1986) and o f t he

3100 speci es ment ioned by t he Il l ino i s Nat ura l Hi s t ory Su rveySince t he Il l ino i s Nat u ra l Hi s t ory Su rv ey ( 1986) report s

t hat approximat e ly 28% of t he s t at e's f l ora i s no t nat i v e t hen

compari son wi t h Pruka 's dat a wou l d indi cat e t hat 93 t o 100% of t he

s t at e 's a l i ens are now na t u ra l i zed . The indi cat i on t hat abou t 4 3%

o f t he Il l inoi s a l i en species b ecame nat ural i zed in t he l as t 14

years (54% by 1972 and a veraging 97% by 1986) seems t o be an

as t oni shing recent rat e o f nat u ra l i zat i on cons idering t he f i rs t

a l i en species were apparent l y col l ect ed in Il l inoi s by Mi cha uxin 1 795 (Henry and Sco t t The 220 nat u ra l i zed a l i en species

in McDonough Count y wou l d represent o f t he 81 1 (Pruka 1986

p. 3 ) nat u ral i zed al i ens in I l l inoi s . It i s t empt ing t o indi cat e

t he rat e of nat ura l i zat i on in McDonough Count y by s t a t ing t hat o f

t he 77 speci es co l l ect ed during t he 14 years f rom 1972 - 1986 f i f t yt wo b ecame nat ural i zed , i n addi t i on t o t he ei gh t non

nat u ral i zed speci es t hat Myers l i st ed in 1972 as unna t u ra l i zed ,

indi cat ing speci es nat u ra l i zed per year (60 di v i ded by 14 )howe ver t hi s cou l d b e mi s l eading s ince some (or al l ) o f t he 52

speci es cou l d have al ready been nat ura l i zed when (be f ore)col l ect ed meaning t he exact t ime of na t ura l i zat ion cou l d not be

preci se l y det ermined. Of cou rse , t he nat u ral i zat ion s t at us of

any a l i en speci es i s sub j ect t o change wi t h t he av ai l ab i l i t y o f

addi t iona l dat a . Myers ( 1972 pp. 6- 9) di scusses t he rol e of

a l i ens in f l oras .

Some o f t he mos t recen t ly rapidly sp reading a l i ens in t he Count yare Di psac us l acini a t us , Coron i l l a va r i a , E l aeagn u s umb el l a t a ,

Loni cera spp. , Ros a mu l t i f l ora , Sonch us a rvens i s var . gl ab rescens ,

Ma cl ura pomi f e ra , MOrus a l b a , Popu l u s a l b a , Ulmu s pumi l a , Berb er i s

t h unbe rgi i and Li gu s t r um v u l ga re . Perhaps soon t o b e more t roub l esome are Euomgmus al a t us , L yt hr um sa l i ca r i a , Na i a s mi nor ,

Po t amoge t on cr i spus , Ci rs i um a r vens e and Chr ys an t hemum l e ucan t hemum.

Henry ( 1983c) j udged Mar s i l ea quadr i f ol i a t o not be a seri ou s weed

in t he Lamoine Ri ver sys t em under present condi t ions ; recent

1986 Henry , A f l or i s t ic prof i l e 223

observat ions hav e shown t hat i t i s decreasing s ince in 1986 t here

was none immedi a t e ly b el ow t he Spr ing Lake dam or in t he adj acent

par t of Spring Creek . Perhaps t he not i ceab l y hi gher wat er l evelin t he creek caused by a beav er dam abou t mi l e be l ow t he dami s responsib l e f or t hi s change whi ch may or may not be onl yt emporary. The or i gina l presence of Ma rs i l ea in t he nort hern end

of t he l ake has b een pract i cal l y t ot al l y reduced (perhaps due t o

t he higher wat er l evel cau sed by t he new dam) and now t he onl ymaj or popu l a t ion i s a t t he sou t h end of t he l ake eas t of t he dam.

Ta xodi um di s t i ch um, P i n us re s i nosa and P . s t rob us pl ant ed in 1948

1949 hav e apparent l y j u s t i n t he l ast several years s t art ed t o

reprodu ce (Henry and Sco t t

As y' e t g no gene t i ca l l y (b io engineered v ascu l ar pl an t speci es

hav e been int roduced di rect l y (i . e . purpose f u l l y) or indi rect ly

(acci dent a l l y) int o t he Coun t y f l ora . Such pl ant s (speci es) s ince

not of a nat i v e genot ype are ,of cou rse , al i ens and shou l d b e

t reat ed as s uch . Li ke any o t her a l i ens t hey co u l d escape ,

b ecome spont aneo u s and f ina l l y nat u ral i zed t hus f u rt her t hreat en ingt he we l l being and di s t r ib u t ion of t he nat i ve f l ora and ecosys t em.

The po t ent i a l f or a l i en speci es t o become es t ab l i shed and

nat u ra l i zed i s not s t at i c bu t can vary wi t h t ime and env i ronment alcondi t ions . Regardl ess o f a speci es be ing j udged as ha v ing a l ow,

medi um or high pot ent i al f or spreading or nat u ral i zat ion a t a

gi v en t ime , at l eas t some of any pot en t i al i s real i zed once t hey

do escape . The u l t imat e pot ent i a l in mos t i f not a l l cases i s

unknown . There f ore t he escape and nat ur a l i za t ion po t en t i al of

al i en speci es i s unpredi ct ab l e ,v ari ab l e and i rregu l ar . Unt i l we

are ab l e t o predi ct wi t h cert ain t y t he f u l l cons eq u ences (bot hdi rect and indi rect ) of an a l i en '

s ( incl udi ng genet i cal l y

engineered pl an t speci es ) re l ease int o an ecosyst em (par t i cu l ar l yon t he di sr upt i on and di spl acement o f t he nat i v e f l ora ) perhapsna t i v e rat her t han al i en species shou l d b e recommended f or use .

If al i ens are not used t hen t here can be no prob l ems , mi s t akes ,

mi s cal cu l at i ons or mi sgi v ings concern ing t hei r use or t ake- ov er of

na t i ve eco l ogi cal processes and f unct i ons . (Nat i ve pl ant s , how

ev er ,can become prob l ems al so as ev i denced by t he f act t hat 60

of t he McDonough Count y weed speci es are nat i v e speci es . ) I of t en

f ear f or t he f u t u re int egri t y o f t he na t i ve f l ora as t he increase

of a l i en speci es cont inues .

WEEDS

Of t he 1096 species ,3 10 are weeds . Of t hese weed speci es

none are Lycopodi ophyt a ,t hree are Equ1 se t ophyt a ,

one

i s a Pol ypodi ophyt a ,t hree P i nophyt a and 303 Magno

l i ophyt a . Al l 3 speci es of t he Equi se t oph yt a are weeds as

i s one o f t he 24 Speci es o f Pol ypodi oph yt a ,t hree ou t

of 4 speci es o f P i nophyt a and 303 of t he 1064 Magnol i ophyt a

224 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

speci es . Of t he 3 10 weed speci es 1 2 3 are a l i en . None o f

t he Egu i s e t Ophgt a or Pol ypodi ophyt a weed speci es are al i ens . Two

ou t o f t he t hree P i noph gt a weed speci es are a l i ens as are

12 of t he 303 angiospermweed speci es . Henry ( 1983a)present ed a l i s t of t he weeds ( annot at ed f or al i ens) of t he

spont aneous McDonough Count y vascu l ar pl ant f l ora and in a l at er

paper (Henry 1983b) anal yzed t hi s weed f l ora ; t hi s l at er paper

shou l d be cons u l t ed f or a more det ai l ed ana lysi s of t hi s weed

f l ora . As more margina l and fores t ed areas become subj ect ed t o

cu l t i vat ion (o f t en int ens i v e) a l l weeds par t i cu l arl y inxxbr speci eswou l d be expect ed t o increase as dat a in Henry ( 1983b ) indi cat e .

POISONOUS SPEC IES

1 . To Humans -Of t he 1096 species 197 are poi sonou s t o

humans . None o f t hese 197 speci es are Lgc0 pod1 0 phgt a , Equi se

t ophgt a or Pol ypodi ophyt a ; one i s a P i noph yt a and 196

are Magnol i ophyt a . One of t he fou r P inophyt a

speci es are poi sonou s t o humans as are 196 of t he 1064

Magnol i ophyt a speci es . Pl ant speci es po i sonou s t o humans were

de t ermined f rom Hardin and Arena ( 1974 ) and Lampe and McCann

2 . To Li ves t ock -Of t he 1096 speci es 60 are poi sonous t o

l i ves t ock . None of t hese 60 speci es are L yc0 podi ophyt a or

P i nophyt a ; t hree are Equ1 se t ophyt a , one Po l ypodi

Ophgt a and 56 are Magnol i ophyt a . Three of t he

Equ1 s e t ophyt a ,one o f t he 24 speci es o f Po l ypopodi ophgt a

and 56 of t he 1064 Magno l i Ophgt a speci es are po i sonou s t o

l i ves t ock . Pl an t speci es poi sonou s t o l i v es t ock were det ermined

f rom Evers and Link

DRUG SPEC IES

Of t he 1096 speci es 1 78 were on Tehon 's ( 195 1 ) l i s t o f

Il l inoi s dr ug pl ant s t he sou rce of t he pl ant drug speci es u sed int hi s ana l ys i s . None of t he 1 78 species are L ycopodi ophgt a , one

i s an Equi se t ophyt a , t wo are Pol ypodi oph yt a , two

are Pi nophyt a and 1 73 are Magnol i ophyt a . One

of t he t hree Equi s e t ophyt a speci es are drug pl ant s as are

t wo of t he 24 Pol ypodi ophgt a species , t wo o f t he four

P i nophyt a and 173 o f t he 1064 Magno l i ophyt a speci es .

SUMMARY

1 . Dr . R. M. Myers , f or whom t he Wes t ern Il l inoi s Uni versi t yHerbari um (MWI) i s named ,

ini t i at ed f l ori st i c s t udi es of

McDonough Count y v ascu l ar pl ant s in 1945 and cont inu ed t hrough

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226 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

9 . Ei gh t een percent of t he 1096 speci es are poi sonous t o humans ,

abou t 6% poi sonou s t o l i ves t ock and 16% are on t he l i s t of

dr ug pl ant s of Il l inoi s .

LITERATURE CITED

Anderson , R. C . and D. Ugent . 1980 . Fl or i s t i c prov inces o f

Il l inoi s . Nat u ra l Hi s t ory Mi sce l l anea No . 2 10 . Chi cagoAcademy of Sci ences , Chi cago , Il l inoi s .

Bowl es , M. L V . E . Di ers ing, J . E . Eb inger , and H. C . Schu l t z .

1981 . Endangered and Threat ened Ver t eb rat e Animal s and

Vascu l ar Pl ant s of Il l inoi s . Il l inoi s Depart ment o f

Conser vat ion , Spr ingf i el d.

Coon , R N. Gu i l inger and C . Mart in . 1984 (Repr int o f a 1964

report ) . An Ana l ys is o f t he Aq uat i c Pl ant Communi t i es of a

Wet l and Hab i t at in McDonough Count y ,Il l inoi s . The R. M.

Myers and A . L . Kibbe Herbar i um C i rcu l ar No . 14 . Wes t ern

Il l ino i s Un i v ers i t y , Macomb .

Evers , R. A. and R. P . Link . 1972 . Po i sonou s Pl ant s o f t he

Mi dwes t and Thei r Ef f ect s on Li ves t ock . Uni v . o f Il l inoi s

Col l ege of Agri c . Speci a l Pub l . 24, Urbana - Champai gn .

Hardin , J . W . and J . M. Arena . 1974 . Human Poi soning f rom Nat i veand C u l t i vat ed Pl an t s . 2nd ed Duke Uni v . Press , Durham,

Nort h Caro l ina .

Henry , R. D. 1965 . Common Wes t ern Il l inoi s Lawn Pl ant s . Wes t ern

Il l . Uni v . Ser . Bio l . Sci . No . 4 , Macomb .

Henry , R. D. 1983a . Check l i s t of t he Weeds of t he Spont aneou sMcDonough Count y ,

I l l inoi s Vascu l ar Pl ant Fl ora . The R. M.

Myers and A. L . K ibbe Herbar i um C i rcu l ar No . 9 . Wes t ern

Il l ino i s Uni v ers i t y, Macomb .

Henry , R. D. 1983b . Aspect s of t he weed component of t he

spont aneou s vascu l ar f l ora o f McDonough Count y , Il l inoi s .

Phyt ol ogi a S3 (6) :423- 42 8

Henry , R. D. 1983c . Spread of Ma rs i l ea quadr i f ol i a in McDonough

Count y, Il l ino i s . Amer . Fern Jou rn .

Henry , R. D. 1985 . A s u rvey of some remnant s of t he nat i v e f l ora

of wes t - cent ral Il l inoi s . Phyt o l ogi a- 106 .

Henry , R. D J . D. Ives , L . M. O' Fl ahert y ,and B . M. St i dd . 1978

and par t i a l re v i s i on in 1986 . Keys t o t he Vascu l ar Fl ora o f

Wes t - Cent ra l Il l inoi s . Dept . of Biol ogical Sci ences ,Wes t ern

11 1 . Uni v Macomb .

l 986 Henry , A f l or i s t ic prof i l e 227

Henry , R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1978 . On t he di s t rib u t i on o f

Lycopodi um f l ab el l i f orme in I l l inoi s . Amer . Fern Jou rn .

Henry , R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1980 . Some aspect s of t he a l i en

component of t he spont aneous I l l inoi s v ascu l ar f l ora .

Trans . I l l inoi s St at e Acad . Sci .- 40 .

Henry ,R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1982 . Check l i s t of t he Vascu l ar

Pl ant s o f McDonough Count y , Il l inoi s . The R. M. Myers and

A. L . Ki bb e Herb ari um C i rcu l ar No . 6 . Wes t ern Il l inoi s

Uni vers i t y, Macomb .

Henry , R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1983 . New s t at e records and o t her

no t ewort hy co l l ect i ons f or t he I l l inoi s v ascu l ar f l ora .

Phyt ol ogi a 52 (5 ) : 33 l - 335 .

Henry , R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1984 . The we t l and v ascu l ar f l ora

o f f ou r seeps in McDonough Count y , Il l inoi s . Phyt ol Ogi a

- 15 .

Henry , R. D. and A . R. Scot t . 1985 . Pre l iminary check l i s t of t he

vascu l ar pl an t s of Fors t er Woods , wes t - cen t ra l Il l inoi s .

Phyt ol ogi a- 72 .

Henry ,R. D. and A. R. Scot t . 1986 . Di s t ri b u t iona l addi t ions f or

some I l l i noi s vascu l ar pl an t s . Phyt o l ogia — 170 .

Henry , R. D A. R . Sco t t and P . Shi l dneck . 1978 . Addi t ions t o

t he di s t r ib u t i on o f Il l ino i s vascu l ar pl an t s . Trans .

Il l inoi s S t a t e Acad . Sci . 7 l ( l ) : 5 1 - 6 l .

I l l i noi s Depar t ment o f Conser v a t ion . 1978 . Il l inoi s Nat u ra lAreas Invent ory Repor t s . Spr ingf i e l d .

I l l inoi s Depar t ment of Conser va t i on . 1982 . The Fores t s of

Il l ino i s (map) . Spr i ngf i e l d .

I l l inoi s Nat u ra l Hi s t ory Su r v ey . 1986 . I l l ino i s f l ora da t a b ase .

The Il l . Nat . Hi s t . Sur v ey Repor t s No . 255, Champai gn .

Jones , C. N . 1945 . Fl ora o f Il l inoi s . Ameri can Mi dl and

Na t u ra l i s t ,Monograph No . 2

, Uni vers i t y of Not re Dame Press ,

Not re Dame , Indi ana .

Jones , G. N. and G . D. Fu l l er . 1955 . Vascu l ar Pl ant s o f Il l inoi s .

Uni v . o f I l l . Press , Urbana , and Il l . St at e Mu seum,

Spr i ngf i e l d .

228 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

Ki bbe ,A. L . 1952 . A Bot ani ca l St udy and Su rvey of a Typi ca l

Mi d-wes t ern Co un t y (Hancock Count y , Il l inoi s ) . The a u t hor,

Car t hage Co l l ege , Cart hage , Il l inoi s and Gem C i t y Bus inessCo l l ege , Qu incy, Il l inoi s .

Ladd, D. M. and R. H . Moh l enbrock . 1983 . New di s t r ibu t ion dat a

f or Il l inoi s v ascu l ar pl ant s . Eri geni a - 2 1 .

Lampe , K. F . and M. A. Mccann . 1985 . AMA Handbook of Poi sonou sand Inj u r ious Pl an t s . Amer . Medi cal As soc. ,

Chi cago .

Laughberaugh , J . 1856 . Fi e l d (s ur vey) not es of McDonough Count y .

On depos i t in t he cou r t hous e in Macomb , IL .

Mav i s , F . T . and E . F . Ma v i s . 1972 . Fou r Hundred Wi l d Fl owers in

McDonough Count y , Il l inoi s . The a u t hors , Macomb ,IL .

Mohl enb rock , R. H . 1975 . Gu i de t o t he Vascu l ar Fl ora of Il l inoi s .

Sou t hern Il l inoi s Uni versi t y Press , Carbonda l e .

Moh l enbrock , R. H . 1985 . New di s t r ib u t i on dat a f or Il l ino i s

vascu l ar pl ant s II . Erigeni a- 64 .

t l enb rock , R. H . 1986 . Gu i de t o t he Vascu l ar Fl ora o f I l l inoi s .

Rev i sed and en l arged edi t i on . So ut hern 1 1 1 . Uni v . Press ,

Carbonda l e .

Mohl enb rock , R. H. and D. M. Ladd . 1978 . Di s t r ib u t ion o f

Il l inoi s Vascu l ar Pl an t s . Sou t hern Il l inoi s Uni vers i t yPress , C arbonda l e .

Fh i r i s , E . F . 196 1 . Wes t ern I l l inoi s Trees . Wes t ern Il l inoi s

Un i vers i t y Seri es in t he Bio l ogica l Sci ences No . 1 , Macomb .

Mu rphy, P . C . 195 1 . A Phyt osoci o l ogi ca l S t u dy of an Oak—Hi ckory

Woods in Wes t - cent ral Il l inoi s (McDonough Count y) . Mas t er 's

Thes i s . Wes t ern Il l inoi s Uni vers i t y , Macomb .

Myers , R. M. 1950 . A new s t at ion for Ma r 5 1 1 ea quadr i f ol i a in

Il l inoi s . Am. Fern . J .

Myers , R. M. 1972 . Annot at ed Cat al og and Index f or t he Il l inoi s

Fl ora . Wes t ern Il l inoi s Uni vers i t y Seri es in t he Bio l ogica l

Sci ences No . 10 . Macomb .

Myers , R. M. 1975 . Addi t ions t o t he f l ora o f McDonough Count y,

Il l inoi s . Trans . Il l . St at e Acad . Sci .- 43 .

Myers , R. M. 1982 (Reprint of a 1975 mimeograph) . Checkl i s t o f

t he Fl owering Pl ant s of a Ta l l Grass Pra i r i e Wes t of Macomb ,

McDonough Count y,I l l inoi s . The R. M. Myers and A. L . K ibbe

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230 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

Shevi ak , C . J . 1974 . An Int rodu ct ion t o t he Ecol ogy of t he

Il l inoi s Orchi daceae . 1 1 1 . St at e Muse um Sci . Papers XIV .

Il l . St at e Mu seum, Springf i el d.

Tehon , L . R. 195 1 . The Dr ug Pl ant s of Il l inoi s . Il l . Nat u ra lHi s t ory S u r vey C i rcu l ar 44 , Urbana .

Th urow, G. R. and R. D. Henry . 1968 . Su rv i v ing Ameri can

ches t n u t s (Ca s t anea dent a t a ) in wes t ern Il l inoi s . 59 t h

Annu al Repor t o f t he Nor t hern Nu t Growers As soc . 108- 1 12 .

Wint erringer , G. S . and R. A . Ev ers . 1960 . New Records f or

Il l inoi s Vas cu l ar Pl ant s . Sci en t i f i c Papers Seri es Vol . XI .

Il l inoi s St at e Museum, Springf i e l d .

AC KNOWLEDGMENT

Appreci at ion and t hanks are ex t ent ed t o t he Wes t ern Il l inoi s

Uni vers i t y Ins t i t u t e for Env i ronment a l Management and i t s di rect or

Dr . John Warnock f or encou ragement and f inanci a l s upport of f i e l d

work and pub l i cat ion .

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l 986 Wil cox al . , Gras s l and communi t ies so il s

c w

co w

U9

235

c

a

c

u

97

L

ue

i

t

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238 P H Y T O L O G A

l 986 Wil cox al . , Gras s l and communit ios soil s 239

240 P H Y T O L O G A

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P H Y T O L O G

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A

0 0 0 0

Vol . 61 , No .

l 986 Wil cox al . , Gras s l and communi t ies soi l s 243

Port ions of t he st udy area were covered by andes it e peaks .

Only one soi l pro f i l e was described on th i s sit e and it was

cl assi f ied as a Mol l ic Cryoboral f . Parent mat erial was andes it e

col l uvium and t ext ures were l oams ard si l t l oans on th e surf ace and

gravel ly l oams f rom 50 cm 1 00 cm. The m l l ic epipedon was veryt hi ck (75 cm) but th e argi l l ic hori zon was onl y weakly devel oped ,

indicat ing t he rel at ive youth of t he soi l s and/ or the inst ab i l i t y of

the sl ope sur f ace .

These sl opes were uni f orml y dominat ed by Cal amagg t is recta .

(Tab l e Forbs made up 32 96 of t he communit y compos it ion (Tab l e

many ot hers were present . The f orb component of th i s communi ty t ype

about 2 2 96 .

Th is communi t y t ype , f ound excl us ivel y on red s i l t s t one

res iduumparent mat erial , made up a sma l l port ion of t he st udy area .

Soi l s on t hi s s it e were cl ass i f ied as Mol l ic Cryoboral f s . Th e

argi l l ic horizon was wel l devel oped . Tex t ures were s i l t y cl ay l oamin t he A hori zon and s i l t y cl ay in the B and C hori zons . Unl ike th e

ot her Mol l ie Cryoboral f s on t he st udy are a , th i s soi l had an ochric

myl l a , each dominant s on ot her sl oping si t es , were present in t hi s

Forbs made up 3095 of t he species compos it ion (Tab l e

cover was about 1796 .

This communi t y t ype was f ound on gl acial t i l l and s i l t s t one

res iduum and was t he most common of al l mount a in s l ope communi t yt ypes . Soi l s were wel l drained and had deeper B horizons t han other

m unt a in soi l s . Gl acial t i l l soi l s were cl as s i f ied as Mol l ic

Cryoboral f s wi th umbrio epipedons . Thin organi c hori zons al so were

244 P H Y T O L O I A

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l 986 Wilcox al Gras s l and communit ies soi l s 247

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250 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No . 4

Cl appert on , C .M. 1972 . The Pl eist ocene Moraine stages of west

cent ra l Peru . J . Gl aciol .- 2 63 .

Drosdof f , M. , F . Quevedo , C . Zamora . 1960 . Soil s of Peru .

- 1 04 .

Gl aser , G . J . Cel ecia . 1981 . Guidel ines for int egra t ed

ecol ogica l research in t he Andean region . Mount ain Research

and Devel opment .- 186 .

J ohnson , A .H . 1976 . The cl imat e of Peru , Bol ivia , and Ecuador . Pp1 47- 2 18 in Schwerdt f eger , W . Cl imat es of Cent ra l and

Sout h Ame rica . El sev ier Scient i f ic Pub l ishing Company, New

York . 532 pp .

Mol ina , E .G . and A .V . Lit t l e . 1981 . Geoecol ogy of t he Andes : t he

nat ura l science bas is f or research pl anning . Mount ain Research

and Devel opment .- 1 44 .

Muel l er- Bomboi e , D. and H . El l enberg . 1974 . Aims and me thods of

vegeta t ion ecol ogy . Wi l ey and Sons , New York . 547 pp.

Shimwel l , D.W . 1 971 . The Descript ion and Cl assi f icat ion of

Thomas , R . Wint erhal der , B . P . 1976 . Phys iol ogical and b iot ic

environment of sout hern highl and Peru . Pp. 2 1 - 54 in Baker ,

mu l t idi scipl inary st udy of high- al t i t ude Quechua .

Dowden ,Hut chenson and Ross St roudsburg , Pennsylvania . 482 pp.

Tro l l , C .C . 1 968 . The cordi l l eras of t he t ropical Amer icasaspect s of cl imat e , phyt ogeographica l and agrar ian ecol ogy .

Pp . 91 - 1 16 in Trol l , C . (ed . ) Geo-ecol ogy of the mount a inousregions of th e t ropical Ame r icas . Ferd Dumml ers Verl ag, Bonn .

2 2 3 pp .

U . S . Depar tment of Agr icul t ure . Soi l survey St af f . 1975 . Soi l

Taxonomy. Agr icul t ure Yearbook NO . 436 . U . S . Govt . Print ingOf f ice , Washingt on , D.C . 754 pp .

Val l ejos , M Qui l l at upa H . 1975 . Manejo ra cional de l as

mapeo—agrost o—eda f ol ogico . Tes i s Ing.

Zoot echnist a . Univers idad Nat ional Agrar ia , Ia Mol ina , Lima .

2 50 pp .

Whi t t aker , R .H . 1 962 . Cl as si f icat ion of nat ural communit ies . Bot .

Rev .- 239 .

Wh it t aker , R .H . , 1975 . Dominance- t ypes Pp . 65- 79 . in Whit t aker ,

R .H . (ed . ) Cl ass i f ica t ion of Pl ant Communi t ies . Junk . Pub l

The Hague , 408 pp.

A TAXONOMIC TREATMENT OF

THE GENUS PANICUM (POACEAE ) IN MISSISSIPPI

Mi che l G . Le l ong

Depar tment of Bi ol ogi ca l Sci ences

Uni v er si t y of Sou t h Al abama

Mob i l e , Al abama

Abs t ract

A t a xonomi c t rea tment of 40 speci es and 24 var i et i es of

Pani cum (Poaceae) occurr i ng na t ura l l y or na t ur a l i zed i n Mi ss i ss i ppi

i s present ed . Fi f t een speci es and f i ve var i et i es be l ong in

s ubgenus Pani cum and 25 speci es and 19 var i et i es be l ong i n subgenu sDi chant he l i um. Thi s t rea tment i ncl udes t axonomi c keys , br i ef

ment i on of hab i t at and di st r i b u t i on , recent nomenc l a t ur e i n maj or

manua l s , maj or ref erences and some not es .

Int roduct i on

Thi s t a xonomi c t rea tment of t he grass genu s Pani cum was

prepared f or t he proposed Gu i de t o t he Fl ora of Mi ss i ss ippi ; t he

f ormat and abbrev i at ed descr i pt i ons of t axa conf orm t o t he

gui de l ines f or cont r i b u t ors t o t hi s f l or i s t i c proj ect .

The t a xonomy of t hese grasses , par t i cu l ar l y t hose i n t he

s ubgenus Di chant he l i um, i s di f f i cu l t par t l y beca use of ex t ens i v egene exchange among t axa and beca u se of wi despread cl ei s t ogamy in

addi t i on t o cha smogamy . Thi s un us ua l breedi ng syst em of t en res u l t sin an int r i ca t e pat t ern of morphol ogi ca l var i a t i ons among t axa and

ob scures int erspeci f i c boundar i es (Hi t chcock and Chase 191 0 ; Le l ong

1955 ; Freckmann 1967 ; Spe l l enberg I t i s t here f ore not

s urpr i s ing t ha t s t udent s of t hi s perpl ex i ng genus ha v e of t en

di sagreed on t he de l imi t a t i on and s t a t u s of t axa recogni zed wi t hi n

t he group.

Near l y 150 speci es and var i e t i es of Pani cum were ascr i bed t o

t he Sou t heas t ern Uni t ed St a t es by Hi t chcock and Chase (1910 ) int he i r impress i ve monograph of t he Nor t h Amer i can t a xa of t hi s

gen us . They recogni zed 3 s ubgenera of Pani cum: t he s ubgenusPaurochae t i um wi t h 6 speci es , t he s ubgenus Eupani cum wi t h 81

Speci es , and t he s ubgenu s Di chant he l i um wi t h 191 speci es . The

speci es in t hei r s ubgenu s Paurochae t i um ha v e s i nce been t rans f err ed

by mos t recent a u t hors t o t he genus Set ar i a . The i r di verses ubgenus Eupani cum i ncl udes ann ua l and perenn i a l pl ant s wi t h basa l

l ea ves essent i a l l y s imi l ar t o ca u l i ne l ea v es and predomi nant l yf er t i l e spi ke l et s . Subgenus Di chant he l ium i ncl udes perenni al

gras ses of t en f orming a more or l es s ex t ens i ve wint er roset t e of

shor t , broad b l ades us ua l l y di f f erent f rom ca u l i ne b l ades ; t hey

of t en produce numerous dense f asci cl es of shor t ax i l l ary branches

wi t h red uced l ea ves and pani c l es l a t e i n t he growi ng season af t er

ma t ura t i on of t he l arge t ermi na l pani cl es produced in t he spr i ng .

252 P H v T o L 0 G 1 A Vol . 61 , No . 4

Spi kel e t s of t he verna l pani cl es are of t en chasmogamous and s t er i l e

whereas t hose of t he reduced a u t umna l ax i l l ary pani cl es are

pr imar i l y a u t ogamou s or cl e i s t ogamous and of t en f ert i l e .

Lowe (192 1 ) l i st ed 69 speci es of Pani cum f or Mi ss i ssippi .

Four of t hose speci es ha ve si nce been t ransf erred t o t he genera

Echi nochl oa , Sacci ol epi s , and Lept ol oma ; ni ne addi t i ona l speci es

ha v e been red uced t o synonyms by mos t recent a u t hor s . Theref ore 56

speci es of Pani cum are i ncl uded in Lowe 's work : 18 speci es in

s ubgen us Pani cum and 38 i n s ubgenus Di chant he l i um. Sma l l (1933 )f ol l owed essent i a l l y t he t axonomi c t rea tment of Pani cum i n

Hi t chcock and Chase he recogni zed 1 17 speci es f or t he

Sou t heas t ern S t a t es , inc l udi ng 31 speci es i n s ubgenus Pani cum and

86 i n s ubgen u s Di chan t he l i um. Sma l l not ed t he occur rence of 84

spe ci es of Pani cum i n Mi ss i ss i ppi , 2 2 i n s ubgenus Pani cum and 62 in

s ubgenu s Di chant he l i um. Hi t chcock (1951 ) ascr i bed 80 speci es and 6

var i et i es of Pani cum t o Mi ss i ss ippi ; 2 1 speci es and 2 var i et i es i n

s ubgenu s Pani cum, and 59 speci es and 4 var i e t i es i n s ubgenusDi chant he l i um. Mos t recent a u t hors of f l oras dea l i ng wi t h

Sou t hea s t ern pl ant s ha v e recogni zed f ewer t axa of Pani cum t han

Hi t chcock and Chase , reducing many speci es t o t he var i e t a l rank and

i nc l udi ng ot her s i n synonymy . Thi s u sef u l t rend was pr imar i l yi ni t i a t ed by Radf ord (Radf ord e t a l . , 1964 ) and pur s ued by Correl land J ohns t on (1970 ) and ot her s . In 1984 , I proposed 2 2 new

v ar i e t a l comb i na t i ons f or Pani cum of sou t heas t ern Uni t ed S t a t es .

In 1974 , Cou l d e l e va t ed s ubgenu s Di chant hel i um t o t he gener i c

l e vel pr imar i l y on t he bas i s of morpho l ogi ca l di f f erences and a l so

beca u se speci es of Di chant he l i a s t udi ed exhi b i t t he "non- Kranz "

t ype l ea f ana t omy and t he C phot osynt he t i c pa t hway whi l e most of

t he speci es in s ubgenu s Pan cum ha v e t he Kranz- t ype l ea f ana t omywi t h c phot osynt hes i s (Smi t h , E .M. and w.v . Brown ,

Howeveg, morpho l ogi ca l di f f erences bet ween speci es of t he t wo

s ubgenera are of t en not cons i s t ent l y sharp and become e v en l ess

di s t i nct i n t he Tropi cs ; a l so , as not ed by many bot ani s t s , t he t wo

t ypes of l ea f ana t omy and of phot osynt he t i c pa t hways occurocca s i ona l l y wi t hi n ot her we l l def i ned and pres umab l y f a i r l y"na t u ra l " angi osperm genera . Theref ore , i t seems pr ef erab l e a t

present t o ma i n t a i n t he genus Pani cum es sent i a l l y as def ined by

Hi t chcock (1950 ) af t er t rans f er of a f ew of t hei r speci es t o be t t er

def i ned genera s uch as Se t ar i a , Paspa l i di um, and Brachi ar i a . Goul d

and Cl ark ( 1978 ) pub l i shed a t axonomi c t rea tment of t he genu sDi chant he l i um occ urr i ng i n t he Uni t ed S t a t es and Canada . A t ot a l

of 45 t a xa i ncl udi ng 26 speci es and 19 var i e t i es were recogni zed by

t hem f or t he Sou t hea s t ern S t a t es ; 17 speci es and 13 var i e t i es f or

Mi ss i s s i ppi .

In t he present t rea tment , 40 speci es and 24 var i et i es of

Pani cum are t rea t ed , i ncl udi ng 15 speci es and 5 v ar i e t i es i n

s u bgenus Pani cum and 25 speci es and 19 v ar i e t i es i n s ubgenu sDi chant he l i um. Re f erence i s made t o synonyms used i n maj or recent

man ua l s t rea t i ng t he pl ant s of t he Eas t ern Uni t ed S t a t es : Sma l l

(1933 ) indi ca t ed by S ; Ferna l d (1950 ) i ndi ca t ed by F ; Gl eason and

Cronqu i s t (1963 ) indi ca t ed as c; and Radf ord , Ahl es and Be l l (1968 )i ndi ca t ed by R. Ref erence i s a l so made t o synonyms recogni zed i n

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254 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No . 4

1 0 . Pani cl e narrow, u s ua l l y l ess t han 2 cm broad wi t h

f ew s ubses s i l e Spi kel et s .

1 1 . Cu lm wi ry, of t en purpl i sh ; b l ades —4 mm wi de ,

i nvol u t e 7 . P . t enerum.

1 1 . Cu lm coarse ; b l ades 5- 2 0 mm wi de , f l at

8 . P . hemi t omon .

10 . Pani cl e more t han 2 cm broad wi t h numerous spi ke l et s

on l ong or shor t pedi ce l s .

1 2 . Spi ke l et s -7 mm l ong; cu lm decumbent and

s t ol oni f erou s 15 . P . gymnocarpon .

1 2 . Spi ke l et s l ess t han mm l ong (except some t imes

i n P . amarum) ; cu lm rhi zomat ous or t u f t ed .

13 . St er i l e pa l ea grea t l y i nf l a t ed and i ndura t e a t

ma t ur i t y; c u lm s l ender , dense l y t uf t ed 9 . P . hi ans .

13 . S t er i l e pa l ea unexpanded a t ma t ur i t y; cu lmmoreor l ess rob u s t , t u f t ed , cl umped or sol i t ary.

14 . Pl ant wi t h s t ou t , e l onga t e , sca l y rhi zomes ,

of t en i n l arge cl umps or ex t ens i v e col oni es ;

c u lms and shea t hs t ere t e .

15 . Spi ke l et s s ubsess i l e and subsecund , up t o

mm l ong , of t en gaping , f a l ca t e and

ob l i que l y set on shor t appressed

pedi ce l s 6 .

‘P . anceps .

15 . Spi ke l e t s not as above , up t o» 6 .5 mm l ong ,

u s ua l l y on l ong pedi ce l s .

16 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong; f i rs t gl ume

of t en s ub t r unca t e , rounded or broadl ya cu t e 12 . P . repens .

16 . Spi ke l e t s 2 .8-6 . 5 mm l ong , of t en gapi ng

a t apex ; f i rs t gl ume acumi na t e , acu t eor beaked .

17 . Pani c l e open , di f f u se ; Spi ke l e t s

us ua l l y 3- 5 mm l ong 10 .

”P . v i rga t um.

17 . Pani cl e cont ract ed wi t h appressed

branches ; Spi ke l e t s 4-6 .5 mm l ong

1 1 . P . amarum.

14 . P l ant wi t h shor t , hard, knot t y bases or

ca udexes , of t en dense l y t u f t ed ; cu lms and

shea t hs more or l ess s t rongl y compressed

Key 2

Pl ant f orming dense basa l cu shi on of l ea v es by ex t ens i v ebranchi ng f rom basa l nodes and l ack of el ongat i on of

l ower i nt ernodes ; t he f ew ca u l ine b l ades simi l ar t o t he

basa l ones .

Basa l b l ades e l onga t e , l inear , f a i r l y r igi d , s uberect ,up t o 20 cm l ong and 5 cm wi de , u s ua l l y more t han

20 X a s l ong a s wi de 16 . P . depaupera t um.

Ba sa l b l ades pa l e green , narrowl y l anceol a t e , t hin ,

spreadi ng t o s uberect , up t o 15 cm l ong and 12 mm

wi de , us ua l l y l es s t han 20 X as l ong as wi de .

1986 Lel ong, Pani cum in Mi s s i s s ippi 255

3 . Shea t hs wi t h f ine , l ong , spreadi ng or re t rorse ha i rs ;

spi ke l e t s mm l ong , pus t u l ose—pubescent17 . P . l axi f l orum.

3 . Shea t hs gl ab rous or puber u l ent ; spi ke l e t s mm

l ong , gl abrous , puber u l ent or pubescent .

4 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , gl abrous or puber u l ent ;b l ade s 1 - 4 mm wi de , of t en i nvol u t e wi t h whi t i sh

ca r t i l aginous margins 30 . P . chamae l onche .

4 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong , gl abrous or pubescent ;

b l ades 3- 8 mm wi de , f l a t , gl abrous or pi l ose ,

margins papi l l ose—ci l i a t e t o mi ddl e of b l ade or

beyond 18 ..P , s t ri gosum.

Pl ant f orming a di s t i nct overwint er i ng rose t t e of shor t ,

broad b l ades , us ua l l y unl i ke ca u l i ne b l ades , branchi ng

a t l ea s t somewha t f rom upper nodes ; l ower int ernodes

us ua l l y e l ongat i ng .

5 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong .

6 . Verna l b l ades narrow, se l dom over 4 mm wi de ; pl ant

e v ent ua l l y branchi ng pr of u se l y and f ormi ng dense

t u f t s ; a u t umna l b l ades of t en more or l ess invol u t eand poi nt ed .

7 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong; a u t umna l b l ades grea t l y

red uced , s t i f f , prominent l y ner v ed , st rongl y

invol u t e and of t en arcua t e 23 . P . aci c u l are .

7 . Spi kel et s mm l ong; a u t umna l b l ades s l i ght l yred uced , t hi ck i sh , somewha t i nvol u t e , wi t h whi t i sh

margins 30 . P . chamae l onche .

6 . Verna l b l ades ov er 4 mm wi de ; pl ant u s ua l l y not

f ormi ng dense t uf t s wi t h age (except occa si ona l l yin P . acumi na t um) .

8 . L i gu l es act ua l l y or apparent l y 1 - 5 mm l ong .

9 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong ; l i gu l es - 3 mm

l ong 31 . _P . wr ight i anum.

9 . Spi ke l e t s .9 mm l ong; l igu l es - 5 mm l ong .

10 . Bl ades sma l l , cm l ong , 1 - 4 mm wi de ,

of t en spr eadi ng; l i gu l es mm l ong

29 . P . ens i f ol i um.

10 . Bl ades up t o 10 cm l ong and 10 mm wi de ; var s .

wi t h narrow l ea v es ha ve erect or ascendi ng

b l ades ; l igu l es 1 - 5 mm l ong 32 . P . acumi na t um.

8 . Ligu l es l ess t han 1 mm l ong .

1 1 . Spi ke l et s s ubspher i ca l t o broadl y el l i psoid ,

puber u l ent ; b l ades 4- 25 mm wi de , broadl y

corda t e t o s ubcorda t e a t base .

1 2 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong; ca u l i ne b l ades

4 t o 7 , 5- 10 mm wi de 22 . P . erect i f ol i um.

12 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong; ca u l ine b l ades

se l dommore t han 4 ; i f more t han 4 , t hen

4- 25 mm wi de .

13 . Ca u l i ne b l ades u s ua l l y l ess t han 4 ,

- 10 cm l ong and 5- 14 mm wi de

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1 1 .

P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

13 . Ca u l ine b l ades us ua l l y more t han 4 ,10- 23 cm l ong and 14- 25 mm wi de

2 1 .“g. polyant hes .

Spi ke l et s e l l ipsoi d t o obovoi d , gl abrous or

pubescent ; b l ades 3- 14 mm wi de , t aper ing ,

s t rangl ed or rounded at base .

4 . Cu lms s l ender , weak , se l dom ov er 4 dm t a l l

b l ades sma l l , up t o cm l ong and 4 mm wi de ,

t hi n , spreadi ng or ref l exed 29 . P . ensi f ol i um.

14 . Cu lms s t i f f er , of t en wi ry , us ua l l y ov er 4 dm

t a l l ; bl ades l onger and wi der , f i rm or t hi n ,

ascendi ng t o spreadi ng or ref l exed .

15 .

15 .

16 .

16 .

1

1

Spi ke l e t s 1

Spi ke l e t s asymmet r i ca l l y pyr i f orm; ca u l i neb l ades 4 or more , s t i f f l y spreadi ng

26 . _P. por t or i cense .

Spi ke l e t s el l i psoi d t o obov oi d ; ca u l ineb l ades 3 t o 4 and ascendi ng; i f more t han

4 , t hen sof t and spreading t o a scendi ng .

P l ant sma l l up t o dm t a l l ; b l ades

mos t l y basa l , f ew ca u l i ne b l ades shor t ,

t o 8 mm wi de , conspi cuou s l y papi l l ose

ci l i a t e ; spi ke l et s obovoi d t o broadl y

e l l i psoi d , mm l ong 18 . P . s t r igosum.

P l ant l arger up t o 1 0 dm t a l l ; b l ades

pr imar i l y ca u l ine or crowded a t base

and wi t h 3 t o 4 ca u l i ne b l ades ( inP . t enue ) ; spi ke l et s mos t l y e l l i psoi d

or obov oi d , mm l ong .

7 . Bl ades us ua l l y sof t , 4- 14 cm l ong ,

3- 14 mm wi de ; spi ke l e t s e l l ipsoi d

t o obov oi d , gl abrous or pubescent ,

mm l ong 27 . P . di chot omum.

7 . Bl ades s t i f f l y ascendi ng , conspi cu

ous l y whi t e-margined , 2 - 5 cm l ong ,

—6 mm wi de ; spi kel e t s e l l i psoi d ,

mm l ong 28 . P . t enue .

.9 mm l ong .

Spi ke l et s mm l ong .

19 . Ca u l ine b l ades di s t i nct l y corda t e a t base ,

of t en ov er 1 1 mm wi de .

20 . P l ant dense l y and sof t l y pubescent t hroughou twi t h dense l y bearded nodes and gl abrousgl andu l ar r ings j u s t be l ow nodes 34 .

‘P . scopar i um.

2 0 . Pl ant mos t l y gl abrous or sparse l y pubescent or

puber u l ent ; nodes gl abrous or sparse l y pubescent .

2 1 .

2 1 .

P l ant rob us t of t en more t han’

? dm t a l l

shea t hs , a t l eas t t he l ower or t he ax i l l aryones papi l l ose—hi rs u t e , papi l l ose

—pi l ose or

papi l l ose ; b l ades us ua l l y more t han 10 cm

l ong 39 . P . cl andes t i num.

P l ant us ua l l y l ess t han'

7 dm t a l l ; shea t hs

gl abrous , f i ne l y pubescent or puber u l ent ;

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258 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

12 cm l ong; l i gu l es ci l i a t e or obsol et e .

32 . C u lms sparse l y ascending-pi l ose or s t r i gose ; nodes

appres sed- pi l ose ; b l ades mos t l y ascending , st i f f ,

of t en wi t h conspi cuous whi t e scaber u l ous margins33 . P . oval e .

32 . Cu lms gl abro us o puber u l ent , of en wi ry and

purpl e ; b l ades of t en spreadi ng t o ref l exed or

a scending , t hi n , us ua l l y wi t hou t whi t e margins .

33 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , obov oi d ; shea t hs

papi l l ose—hi spi d or papi l l ose—pi l ose

33 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong , e l l i psoi d or

a symme t r i ca l l y obov oi d; shea t hs gl abrous or

puber u l ent .

34 . Cu lms and nodes wi ry , of t en purpl e and

dense l y puberu l ent , up t o 5 dm t a l l

spi ke l et s asymmet r i ca l l y pyr i f orm or broadl y

obovoi d , pu s t u l ose—puber u l ent t o s ubgl abrous

34 . Cu lms and nodes rob u s t t o weak , us ua l l y gl abrou s ,

up t o 10 dm t a l l ; spi ke l et s mos t l y e l l i psoi d or

obovoi d , gl abrou s or sparse l y pubescent27 . P . di chot omum.

18 . Spi kel et s l ong .

35 . Spi ke l e t s more t han mm l ong .

36 . Bl ades broadl y corda t e a t base , 10- 35 mm wi de .

37 . Shea t hs usua l l y gl abrous or sof t l y papi l l ose

pi l ose or puberu l ent ; nodes densel y bearded

wi t h l ong , ret rorse ha i r s 40 . P . bosci i .

37 . Shea t hs dense l y papi l l ose—hi spi d or papi l l ose

pi l ose ; nodes bearded wi t h shor t , t angl ed

ha i r s 36 . P . ravene l i i .

36 . Bl ades rounded , t aper ing a t ba se or subcorda t e ,

Spi ke l e t s l es s t han mm l ong .

38 . L igu l es ci l i a t e 1 - 3 mm l ong; b l ades u s ua l l yl ess t han 10 mm wi de 35 . P . ol igosant he

38 . L i gu l es ci l i at e , erose or obsol e t e , l es s t han

1 mm l ong; b l ades us ua l ly 10—35 mm wi de .

39 . Shea t hs a t l eas t t he l owermos t and t he ax i l l aryones papi l l ose—hi spi d or papi l l ose—pi l ose

39 . P . c l andes t inum.

39 . Shea t hs gl abrous , sparse l y pi l ose or puber u l ent37 . P . commu t at um.

1 . P . di chot omi f l orum Mi chx . , Fa l l Pani cum. May- Oct .

Mos t l y mo1 s t , open , di s t urbed areas ; marshy shor es , roads i de

di t ches , l ow was t e areas and f i el ds ; common t hroughou t . Incl . P .

di chomi f l orum var . geni c u l a t um (Wood) Ferna l d - F ,G .

2 . P , capi l l are L . Wi t chgra ss . J une- Oct . Open , di s t urbed ,

l 986 Lel ong, Pani cum in Mi s s i s s ippi 259

of t en moi s t areas s uch as sand bars , f i e l ds and wast e pl aces ;

chi ef l y YMD, al so NPB , FW (Ok t i bbeha Co . ) and LPR (George

3 . P . f l exi l e (Ga t t inger ) Scr i bner . Sept .- Oct . Moi s t ,

open , ca l careous area s , l imes t one ou t crops , pra i r i es , uncommon ; NPB

(Lowndes PW (Ok t i bbeha Co) , MCF (Scot t JP (J asper

4 . P . mi l i aceum L . Broomcorn Mi l l et . J u l y. Was t e pl ace ;

t hi s cu l t i va t ed euras i an grass rarel y escapes f rom cu l t i va t i on ,

Pear l Ri ver Co .

5 .

.E. r igi du l um Boso ex Nees .

Bl ades us ua l l y 5- 1 2 mm wi de , f l a t , mos t l y gl abrous ;l i gu l es membranous ,

- 1 mm l ong .

Spi ke l e t s 1 .6- 2 .5 mm l ong , over mm wi de , gr een

or purpl i sh- t i nged . 5a . var . r igi dul um.

Spi ke l et s 2 .4 3 mm l ong , l ess t han 0 .6 mm wi de ,

s t i pi t a t e , us ua l l y purpl e . 5b . var . e l onga t um.

Bl ades us ua l l y 2-7 mm wi de , of t en invol u t e , pi l ose

abov e a t l eas t near base ; l i gu l es membranous , us ua l l yf imbr i a t e—ci l i a t e ,

- 3 mm.

3 . Spi kel et s 2 mm l ong , green or purpl i sh- s t a i ned ,

of t en ob l i que l y set on pedi ce l s 5e . var . pubescens .

Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , us ua l l y purpl e and s l ender ,

erect on pedi ce l s 5d . var . combs i i .

5a .

‘P . r igi du l um var . r igi du l um. J u l y~ 0ct . Marshes , l ow

woods , wet meadows , borders of s t reams , l akes and ponds , di t ches

and ot her we t or moi s t pl aces ; common t hroughou t . P . agros t oi des

Spreng .- S ; P . agros t oi des Spreng . var . agros t oi des

- F ,G ,R; P .

cond s t oi des var . condensum Nash) Fern .- F ,R,

5b .

‘P . r igi dul um var . e l onga t um (Scr i bner ) Le l ong . J u l yOct . Same hab i t a t s as 5a ; t hi s predomi nant l y nor t hern var .

do ub t f u l l y occ ur s i n t he St a t e ; repor t ed f or Lawrence and St one

Cos .“P . s t ipi t a t um Nash P . agros t oi des Spreng . var .

e l onga t um Scr i bn .- G .

5 0 . P . r igi du l um var . pubescens (Vasey) Le l ong . J u l y- Oct .

Pine sa vannahs , bogs , di t ches and ot her moi s t , open , sandy areas ;

5d . P . r igi du l um var . combs i i (Scri bner Ba l l ) Le l ong.

Sept .- Oct . Mar shes , shores of l akes and ponds ; rare , Harr i son Co .

P . combs i i Scr i bn . Ba l l - S ; P . l ongi f ol i um Torr . var . combs i i

Fern .

6 . P . anceps Mi cha ux . J une- Oct . Pr imar i l y moi st sandy

areas s uch as l ow woods , pi ne sa vannahs , f i e l ds and di t ches ,

260 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

occas i ona l l y on dr i er si t es . Most specimens conf orm t o var . anceps

whi ch ha s f a l ca t e spi ke l et s mm l ong and i s common

t hroughou t t he s t a t e . Var . rhi zoma t um (Hi t chc . Chase) Fern . has

spi ke l et s mm l ong and l onger , more s l ender rhi zomes . I t

occ urs chi ef l y in l ow pinel ands , sa vannahs and bogs near t he coast ;

LPR, CPM. P . rhi zoma t um Hi t chc . Chase - S .

7 . P . t enerum Beyr i ch in Tri ni us . J une-Oct . Wet or moi s t ,

open , sandy soi l , cypress-gum ponds , bogs near t he coas t , LPR, CPM,

George , Har r i son and J ackson Cos .

8 . P . hemi t omon Schu l t es . Ma i dencane . Mab ul y. Marshy

shores of l akes and ponds , s t ream bank s , di t ches , of t en in sha l l ow

wa t er ; LPR, CPM, Forres t and J ackson Cos .

9 . P . hi ans El l i ot t . May- Oct . Ne t t o moi s t soi l a l ong

ponds and s t reams , marshes , di t ches , sel dom on dr i er s i t es ;

t hr oughou t .

10 .‘P , v i rga t um L . Swi t chgrass . J une-Oct . Mos t l y moi st ,

open areas s uch as f resh—wa t er or bracki sh mar shes , shores of ponds

and st reams , and sa vannahs ; a l so dr i er s i t es such as open

woodl ands , pra i r i es and dunes ; t hro ughou t . Incl . P . v i rga t um var .

cubense Gr i seb .- S ,F . Thi s common grass i s qu i t e var i ab l e .

Sma l l er pl ant s wi t h spi ke l et s abou t 3 mm l ong are recogni zed by

some as var . cubense ; rob us t specimens wi t h conges t ed pani cl es and

spi ke l et s up t o mm l ong int ergrade somewhat wi t h t he coa s t a l P .

amar um var . amarul um.

1 1 . P . amarum E l l . J u l y- Oct . Coas t a l sandy beaches , dunesand swa l es ; CPM, Harr i son and J ackson Cos . Mos t of our pl ant s

be l ong t o var . amarul um (Hi t chc . Chase ) Pa lmer (P . amaru l um

wi t h l arge , f l ex uous and dense l y f l owered pani cl es and

spi ke l e t s 4 mm l ong . The predomi nant l y nor t hern var . amar umha s sma l l er pani cl es , us ua l l y l ess t han 4 cm wi de and spi ke l e t s

5 mm l ong . Pa lmer , P .C . 1975 . A b i osys t ema t i c s t udy of t he

Pani cum amarum- amaru l um compl ex (Grami neae ) . Br i t t oni a

1 2 .

‘P . repens L . Torpedo grass . May- Dec . Coa s t a l sandy

beaches ; sandy shores of l akes , ponds and s t reams , of t en ex t endingont o wa t er , roadsi des , di t ches , was t e pl aces ; CPM, LPR, Forres t ,

Hancock , J ackson and Lamar Cos . Incl . P . goui ni Fourn .- S , an

uncommon dwarf f orm wi t h sma l l , dense ly f l owered pani cl es of

purpl i sh spi ke l et s whi ch shou l d poss i b l y be recogni zed as a var i et yof t hi s wi despread grass .

13 . P . v err ucos um Muh l . J u l y- Oct . Us ua l l y i n moi s t or wet ,

sandy , open areas s uch a s shores , swamp border s , l ow di s t urbedpine l ands and di t ches ; CPM, LPR, NCP , Ok t i bbeha Co .

14 . P . brachyan t hum St eude l . Oct . Onl y one specimen

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262 P H Y T 0 L 0 G 1 A Voi . 61 , No . 4

areas , woodl and borders , roads i des ; common t hroughou t , pos s i b l y

somewha t l ess common in YMD. Incl . P . sphaerocarpon var . inf l a t um

(Scr i bn . Smi t h) Hi t chc .- F ; Di chant he l i um sphaerocarpon (El l . )

Gou l d var . sphaerocarpon Gou l d Cl ark .

2 1 .‘g, pol yant hes Schu l t es . Low woods , woodl and openings ,

s t ream bank s , di t ches , us ua l l y in shade ; t hroughou t , mos t common

nor t hward . Di chant he l i um sphaerocarpon (El l . ) Gou l d var .

i sophyl l um (Scr i bner ) Gou l d Cl ark .

22 . P . er ect i f ol i um Nash . Moi s t t o wet , sandy pine l ands ,

bogs , marshes , pond margins ; CPM, LPR, J ackson Co . Di chant he l i um

erect i f ol i um (Nash) Gou l d Cl ark .

23 . P . aci cu l are Desvaux ex Poi re t . Dry , sandy , Open pi ne

oak woods , cut—ov er woodl ands , roads i des ; t hroughou t except TRH,

YMD, and LBH , mos t common in 5 . par t of S t a t e . Inc l . P . neur ant hum

Gr i seb .- S , R; P . ov i num Scr i bner Smi t h - S ; P . areni col oi des

Ashe - S ; P . chr so s i di f ol i um Na sh - S ; Di chant he l i um aci c u l ar e(Des v . ex Poi r . ) Go u l d C l ark , i n par t . Thi s t a xon grades int o P .

sma l l er spi ke l e t s , puber u l ent shea t hs and wi der puber u l ent b l ades .

Al l red , K . W. and F .w. Gou l d . 1978 . Geographi c var i a t i on i n t he

Di chant he l i um aci cu l are compl ex (Poaceae ) . Br i t t oni a - 504 .

24 . P . angus t i f ol i um El l . Dry , sandy , open pine- oak woods ,

cl ear i ngs , roads i des , occas i ona l l y on moi s t s i t es ; essent i a l l y same

range as P . aci cu l are . Incl . P . f us i f orme Hi t chc .

Di chant he l i um aci cu l are (Des v . ex Poi r . ) Gou l d C l ark , in par t .

Occa s i ona l t r o ub l esome specimens are int ermedi a t e be t ween t hi s

t a xon and P . a ci cu l are .

25 . P . consangu ineum Kun t h . Low pi ne l ands , sa v annahs , bogs ,

cu t—ov er sandy pi ne woods ; pr imar i l y CPM, LPR, occas i ona l l y

nor t hward NCP (Kemper Uni on Co . Di chant he l i um consangu i ne um(Kunt h) Go u l d Cl ark . Occas i ona l specimens resemb l e cl ose l y

un us ua l l y pubescent pl ant s of t he precedi ng speci es .

26a .

‘P . por t or i cense Desvaux ex Hami l t on var . por t or i cense .

Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , puber u l ent t o gl abrou s ; b l ades up t o 5cm l ong and mm wi de . Sand dunes a l ong coas t , sandy pi ne- oak

woods , l ow pi ne l ands ; CPM, J ackson and Harr i son cos . Di chant he l i um

sabul orum (Lam. ) Gou l d C l ark var . t hini um (Hi t chc . Chase ) Go u l dC l ark , in par t .

26b .‘P . por t or i cense Desv . ex Hami l t . var . na shi anum

(Scr i bner ) Le l ong . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , rare l y l onger ,

us ua l l y dense l y papi l l ose—pubescent or puber u l ent ; bl ades up t o'

7

cm l ong and 8 mm wi de . Same hab i t a t s and range as var .

por t or i cense , of t en on moi s t si t es . Incl . P . l ancear i um

Tr i n . P . pa t u l um (Scr i bn . Merr i) Hi t chc .- S ; P .

l ancea r i um var . pa t u l um Fern .- F ; P . pa t ent i f o l i um Nash - S ; P .

1986 Lel ong, Pani cum in Mi ss i ssippi 263

webber i anum Nash - S ,R; Di chant hel i um sabu l orum (Lam. ) Gou l d C l arkvar . pa t u l um Gou l d Cl ark , i n par t . Thi s var i ab l e t axon resemb l es

cl ose l y t he precedi ng var . I t a l so grades i nt o P . commu t a t um

t hr ough f orms recogni zed by some as P . pa t ent i f ol i um. Occas i ona l

specimens conf ormi ng t o P . webber i anum sugges t t he wi despread P .

sphaerocarpon .

27 . P . di chot omum L .

1 . Bl ades of l ea ves a t mi dcu lm se l dom over '

7 mm wi de ,

of t en narrowed or cons t r i ct ed a t base . Nodes us ua l l ygl abrous or s l i ght l y pubescent .

2 . Cu lms erect , t ere t e .

3 . Bl ades us ua l l y spreading; spi ke l et s e l l i psoid ,

mm l ong 27a . var . di chot omum.

3 . Bl ades of t en erect or ascendi ng; spi ke l et s obovoi d ,

mm l ong , of t en purpl i sh a t base

27b . var . roanokense .

2 . Culms weak , recl ini ng or sprawl ing, occa si ona l l y

f l at t ened 27e . var . l uci dum.

1 . Bl ades of l ea v es a t mi dculm us ua l l y 7- 14 mm wi de ,

usua l l y not const r i ct ed at base or subcorda t e . Nodes

usua l l y dense l y bearded wi t h ret rorse ha i rs .

4 . Spi ke l et s mm l ong , us ua l l y gl abrous

27d . var . ramu l osum.

4 . Spi ke l e t s mm l ong , rare l y l onger , pubescent27e . var . ni t i dum.

27a . P . di chot omum L . var . di chot omum. Dry t o mes i c woods ,

occas i ona l l y in moi s t woodl ands ; t hroughou t . Inc l . P . barbul at um

Mi chx .- S ; P . di chot omum var . barbu l a t um Wood - F ; Di chant he l i um

di chot omum( L . ) Gou l d var . di chot omum, in par t .

27b . P . di chot omum L . var . roanokense (Ashe) Le l ong . Moi s t

t o wet pi ne l ands ; rare near coas t , CPM, LPR, J ackson and Perry Cos .

P . roanokense Ashe P . caer u l escens Hack .- S ,F ; P .

di chot omum L .- R, in sma l l par t ; Di chant he l i um di chot omum (L . )

Gou l d var . di chot omum, in sma l l par t . Thi s var . exhi b i t s f ea t uresof P . sphaerocarpon , P , erect i f o l i um and pos s i b l y a l so P .

27c . P . di chot omum L . var . l uci dum (Ashe) Le l ong . Ne t

woods , swamps , bogs , margins of ponds and s t reams ; CPM, LPR. Incl .

'P. Sphagni col a Nash - S ; P . l uci dum Ashe P . l uci dum var .

o acum Fern . di chot omum L .—R, in sma l l par t ; Di chant he l i um

di chot omum (L . ) Gou l d var . di chot omum, in sma l l par t .

27d . P . di chot omum L . var . ramu l osum (Torrey) Le l ong . Low

woods , swamps , border s of st reams and ponds ; t hroughou t . P .

mi crocarpon Muh l .- S ,F ; P . ni t i dum Lam. var . ramul osum Torr .

- G ; P .

di chot omum L .- R, in par t ; Di chant he l i um di chot omum (L . ) Gou l d var .

di chot omum, in par t .

264 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A V0 ] . No . 4

27e . P . di chot omum L . var . ni t i dum (Lam. ) Wood . Essent i a l l y

same hab i t a t s as var . ramu l osum; CPM, LPR, repor t edl y a l so in

Noxubee and Okt i bbeha Cos . P . ni t i dum Lam. P . di chot omum

L .- R, in sma l l par t ; Di chant he l i um di chot omum (L . ) Gou l d var .

di chot omum, in sma l l par t . Thi s var . whi ch i s f a i rl y di s t i nct in

t he n . par t of i t s range int ergrades l arge l y wi t h t he precedi ng

var . in our range .

28 . P . t enue Muhl . Moi s t t o dry , sandy , open woods , pine

sa vannahs , bogs , di s t urbed s i t es ; most l y CPM and LPR, MCF . Incl .

Nash - S ,F ; P . ens i f ol i um Ba l dw.- G , in par t ; Di chant he l i um

di chot omum var . t enue (MMuhl . Gou l d Cl ark . Thi s speci es exhi b i t scharact er i s t i cs of P . sphaer ocarpon ,

.g. di chot omum var . di chot omum

and P . ens i f ol i um.

29a . P . ens i f ol i um Ba l dwin ex El l . var . ens i f ol i um. Shea t hs

gl abro us ; bl ades us ua l l y puber u l ent benea t h and gl abrou s or rare l y

pubescent abov e . Moi s t t o we t sandy , open pi ne woods , sa vannahs ,

bogs , Sphagn um ma t s ; CPM, LPR. Incl . P . v erna l e Hi t chc .

Cha se - S ; Di chant he l i um di chot omum var . ens i f ol i um (Ba l dw. ) Gou l dCl ark , in par t .

29b . P . ens i f ol i um Ba l dwi n ex El l . var . cur t i f ol i um (Nash)L el ong . Shea t hs spar se l y spreadi ng- pi l ose ; b l ades of t en sparse l y

pi l ose on bot h s ur f aces or gl abro us . Same hab i t a t s and range as

t ypi ca l var . P . cur t i f ol i um Na sh - S , R; Di chant he l i um acumina t um(Swar t z ) Gou l d Cl ark var . impl i ca t um (Scr i bner ) Gou l d Cl ark , in

sma l l par t .

30 . P . chamae l onche Tr i ni us . Moi s t , Open , sandy pi ne l ands ,

sa vannahs , moi s t depres s i ons i n sand dunes ; CPM, LPR, Green ,

Harr i son , J ackson Cos . Incl . P . l abr i f ol i um Nash - S

Di chant he l i um di chot omum var . ens i f ol i um (Ba l dwi n) Gou l d Cl ark ,

in par t ; D. di chot omum var . gl abr i f ol i um (Nash) Gou l d C l ark , i n

par t .

31 . P . wr ight i anum Scr i bner . Low pi ne sa v annahs , bogs ,

margins of ponds , s t r eams and cypress swamps ; CPM, LPR, Hancock ,

Harr i son and J ackson Cos . Di chant he l i um acumi na t um (Swar t z ) Gou l dC l ark var . wright i anum (Scr i bn . ) Gou l d C l ark .

32 . P . acumina t um Swart z .

1 . C u lms and shea t hs dense l y and var i ous l y pubescent .

2 . C u lms and sheat hs dense l y spreadi ng v i l l ous and

of t en a l so i nconspi cuous l y puber u l ent beneat h ;

b l ades unders urf ace sof t l y pubescent 32 a . var . acuminat um.

2 . C u lms and shea t hs ascendi ng t o spreading papi l l ose

pi l os e ; b l ades dense l y t o sparse ly appressed- pi l ose

or puber u l ent benea t h .

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266 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

El l - R, in par t ; _g. l anugi nosum var . l indhe imer i (Nash)Fern .

- F ,G ; Di chant he l i um acumina t um var . l i ndheimer i (Nash ) Gou l dCl ark . Thi s var . int ergrades somewha t wi t h var . f asci cu l a t um and

var . unciphyl l um.

32 e . P . acumi nat um var . dens i f l orum (Rand Redf i e l d)Lel ong . Wet t o moi s t , open , sandy areas , sa vannahs , bogs ; t hi s

predominant l y n . var . occur s uncommonl y in CPM, LPR, J ackson , Pear l

Ri v er , St one Cos .‘P . spret um Schu l t es P . l anuginosum var .

l indheimer i (Na sh) Fern .- G , i n pa rt ; Di chant hel i um acumina t um var .

densi f l orum Gou l d Cl ark . Thi s var . i nt ergrades somewha t wi t h

var . l ongi l igu l a t um more common i n our range . I t a l so sugges t s t he

more wi despread var . l i ndheimer i occur r ing usua l l y i n dr i er

ha b i t a t s .

32 f . P . acumina t um var . l ongi l iggl a t um (Nash) Le l ong . Low

pi ne l ands , pi ne sa vannahs , bogs ; CPM, LPR, ab undant in appropr i a t e

hab i t a t s . Harr i son , J ackson , Lamar , Pear l Ri v er , St one Cos .

‘P .

l ongi l igu l a t um Nash - S ,R; P . l anugi nosum var . l i ndhe imer i (Nash)Fern .

- G , in pa r t ; Di chant he l i um acumi na t um var . l ongi l igu l a t um

Gou l d Cl ark .

32g . P . acumi na t um var . l e ucot hr i x (Na sh) Le l ong . Low

pi ne l ands , pine sa vannahs , bogs ; CPM, LPR, occur r i ng us ua l l y wi t h

precedi ng var . , perhaps somewha t l ess abundant l y; CPM, LPR. P .

l e ucot hr i x Nash Di chant he l i um acumi na t um var . impl i ca t um

Gou l d Cl ark , in sma l l par t .

P . ac umi na t um i s pr obab l y t he mos t pol ymorphi c and

t roub l esome Speci es i n t he gen us . The pres ent de l imi t a t i on of

recogni zed vars . does not f u l l y or adequa t e l y ref l ect t he i nt r i ca t e

subre t i cu l a t e pa t t ern of morphol ogi ca l var i a t i ons exhi b i t ed i n t hi s

compl ex . The gl abrous or s ubgl abrous var s . re l uct ant l y i ncl uded in

t hi s speci es i nt ergrade somewha t wi t h t he s imi l ar l y pol ymorphi c P .

di chot omum. Ot her t a xa of s ubg. Di chant he l i um apparent l y

cont r i b u t e a l so t o t he grea t morphol ogi ca l var i e t y of t hi s i l l

def i ned speci es . Freckmann (1981 ) has recent l y proposed a s l i ght l y

di f f erent t rea tment of t a xa in t he P . acumi na t um compl ex .

33a . P . ova l e El l . var . ova l e . Spi ke l e t s - 3 mm l ong ,

shea t hs appres sed or ascendi ng-pi l ose . Dry , sandy, open pi ne- oak

woods , woodl and borders ; t hi s var . occurs pr imar i l y i n Fl a ; i t has

been repor t ed f or Mi ss . bu t no specimen f rom t he S t a t e was l ocat ed .

Incl . P . ma l acon Nash - S ,R, i n par t ; P . commons i anum Ashe - F , in

par t ; Di chant he l i um ova l e (El l . ) var . ova l e . Thi s t axon may be

conf u sed wi t h P . consangu ine um whi ch i s much more dense l y pubescentt hroughou t and occ urs u s ua l l y i n moi s t pinel ands and bogs .

33b . P . ova l e var . pseudopubescens (Na sh) Le l ong . Spi ke l e t s

mm l ong , shea t hs appres sed or ascendi ng pi l ose , occasi o

na l l y wi t h sma l l er ha i rs i nt ermi xed . Same dry , sandy, Open

hab i t a t s as var . ova l e ; t hroughou t except poss i b l y LEH and YMD. P .

commons i anum Ashe P . pseudoEubescens Na sh - S ; P .

1986 Lel ong, Pani cum in Mi s s i s s ippi 267

v i l l os i ss imum Nash var . se udo ube scens Fern .- F ,G; Di chant he l i um

ova l e var . addi soni i (Na sh ) Gou l d Cl ark .

33 0 . P . o va l e var . v i l l osum (A. Gray) Le l ong . Spi ke l et s

mm l ong , shea t hs dense l y spreading pubescent wi t h ha i rs up

t o 3 mm l ong . Same dry , sandy, Open hab i t at s as ot her vars . ;

t hroughou t except poss i b l y LEH and YMD. P . v i l l os i ss imum

var . grades i nt o t he more gl abrous var . pseudopubescens .

Occas i ona l specimens approach l ong- spi ke l et f orm of P . acumi na t um.

34 . P . scopar i um Lam. Moi s t t o wet , Open areas , of t en on

di s t urbed s i t es , roads i de di t ches ; common t hroughou t .

t he f ew di s t i nct i ve speci es of t he s ubgenus ; occas i ona l sma l l

specimens re semb l e P . acumi na t um var . acumi na t um of whi ch t hi s

t a xon appears t o be an"enl a rged v ersi on .

"

35a . P . ol igosant hes Schu l t es var . ol igosant hes . Spi ke l et s

e l l i psoi d t o ob l ong- obovoi d , mm l ong , us ua l l y pubescent ;b l ades re l a t i ve l y l ong and narrow, up t o 12 cm l ong and 8 mm wi de .

Dry, open , sandy pine- oak woods , c l ear i ngs , woodl and borders ;

t hr oughout except poss i b l y TRH and YMD. Di chant he l i um ol igosant hes

(Schul t es ) Gou l d var . ol igosant hes .

35b . P . o l i gosant hes var . scr i bner i anum (Na sh) Fern .

Spi ke l et s broadl y obovoi d t o e l l ipsoi d , mm l ong , us ua l l ygl abrous ; b l ades re l a t i vel y shor t and wi de , up t o 10 cm l ong and 13

mm wi de . Dry , open , cl ayey , l oamy or sandy areas , pra i r i es , open

woodl ands ; PR, NPB , Chi ckasaw, Lowndes and Ok t i bbeha Cos . P .

scr i bner i anum Nash - S ; P . o l igosant hes Schu l t es - G ,R, i n par t ;

Di chant he l i um ol igosant hes var . scr i bner i anum (Nash) Gou l d . Thi s

predominant l y mi dwes t ern var . int ergrades somewha t wi t h var .

ol igosant hes whi ch occur s mos t l y i n t he Coa s t a l P l a in .

36 . P . ravene l i i Scr i bn . Merr . Dry , sandy , open pi ne- oak

woods ; t hroughou t except pos s i b l y YMD and LEH. Di chant he l i um

ravenel i i Gou l d .

37a . P . commu t a t um Schu l t es var . commu t a t um. Cu lms and

shea t hs us ua l l y gl abrou s or sparse l y pubescent ; b l ades t hin , of t en

ov er 10 mm wi de ; spi ke l et s mm l ong . Mos t l y shaded , mes i c

or l ow woods , hammocks , pine—oak woods , woodl and borders ;

t hroughou t . Incl . P . joor i i Vasey - S ; P . mu t ab i l e Scr i bn . J . G .

Smi t h P . commu t a t um var .

’

cor i i (Vasey Fern .- F ;

Di chant he l i um commu t a t um (Sch u l t es Gou l d , in l arge par t . Thi s

var . i s one of t he mos t wi despread , common and var i ab l e t a xon i n

t he s ubgenus .

37h . P . commu t a t um var . ashe i Fern . C u lms and shea t hs

dense l y cr i sp- pubescent ; b l ades t hi cki sh , l ess t han 10 mm wi de ;

268 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

spi kel et s mm l ong . Occur ring i n simi l ar hab i t a t s as

preceding var . but of t en on more open or di s t urbed s i t es , woodl and

borders , roads i des ; same di st r i b u t i on as preceding var . but l ess

common . Coahoma , Newt on , Pi ke and Ti shomingo Cos . P . ashei

Pearson - S ; P . commu t a t um Sch u l t es in par t ; Di chant he l i um

commu t a t um Gou l d , in pa r t . Thi s i l l - def i ned var . i s rel uct ant l yrecogni zed ; i t may cons i st of an unna t ura l assemb l age of simi l ar

f orms poss i b l y der i ved f rom occasi ona l i nt rogress i on of ot her

speci es of t he s ubgenus .

38 . P . scabr i uscu l um El l . Wet t o moi s t , sandy , usua l l y open

ar eas , st ream banks , pond margins , pi ne sa vannahs , bogs , cypress

gum ponds , swamps , di t ches , of t en i n sha l l ow wa t er a t l eas t

sea sona l l y; CPM, LPR, a l so C l arke Co . Incl . P . cr t ant hum

Ashe - S ,F ; P . scab r i uscu l um var . cr pt ant hum (Ash ) G1eason - G ;

Di chant he l i um scabr i uscu l um (El l . Gou l d Cl ark . Occas i ona l weak

f orms of t hi s rob us t grass wi t h s l ender spi ke l et s ha ve been

re f erred by some t o P . crypt ant hum; t hey s ugges t rob us t var i ant s of

P . di chot omum.

39 . P . cl andes t i num L . Moi s t , u s ua l l y sandy, open or shaded

s i t es , l ow woods , st ream banks , woodl and borders , roads i de di t ches ;

pr imar i l y n . a . par t of St a t e , TRH , NPB , NCP . Di chant he l i umc l andes t i num (L . ) Gou l d . Thi s pl ant approaches cl ose ly t he

nor t hern P . l a t i f ol i um of mes i c woods ; i t resemb l es a l so t he

sma l l er coas t a l P . scabr i uscu l um whi ch ha s sma l l er , ovoi d , gl abrou sspi ke l e t s .

40 . P . bosci i Poi re t . Mesi c t o dryi sh woods , us ua l l y shady;

t hr ougho u t , more common nor t hward . Incl . P . bosci i var . mol l e

(Vasey) Hi t chc . Cha se - S . F ; Di chant he l i um bosci i (Poi re t ) Gou l dCl a rk . Mos t specimens of t h i s wi despr ead and v ar i ab l e speci es are

mor e or l es s dense l y and v ar i ous l y pubescent ; occas i ona l gl abro usspecimens wi t h shor t er spi kel et s resemb l e cl ose l y t he more nor t hern

P . l a t i f ol i um occurr i ng in s imi l ar hab i t a t s .

L i t era t ur e Ci t ed

Al l en , C.M. 1980 . Grasses of Lou i s i ana . Uni v ersi t y of Sou t hwes t ern Lou i s i ana , La f ayet t e , LA. 358 pp.

Al l red , K .W. and F .W. Gou l d . 1978 . Geographi ca l var i a t i on in t he

Di chant he l i um aci cu l are compl ex . Bri t t oni a 30 : 497-504 .

Corre l l , D. S . and M. S . J ohns t on . 1970 . Manua l of t he vascu l arpl ant s of Texas , Texas Research Founda t i on , Renner , Texas .

1881 pp.

Ferna l d , M. L . 1950 . Gray's Manua l of Bot any . Ed . 8 . Amer i can Book

Co . , New York . 1632 pp.

Freckmann , R. W. 1967 . Taxonomi c s t udi es in Pani cum s ubgenu sDi chant he l i um. Ph .D. t hes i s , Iowa St a t e Uni v ers i t y , Ames ,

Iowa . 175 pp.

Freckmann , R. W. 1981 . Rea l i gnment s i n t he Di chant he l i um acumi na t um

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NOTES ON THE GENUS C LERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . XXVI I

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Bu rm.

Add it ional bibl iography : Art hu r , Sympos . Phyt ochem. 24l . l 954 ; Kow,

Pharmacog. S t ud . Crude Drugs 60 . l 966 ; w. Af r . Jou rn. Biol . Appl .

Chem. l l : 66 . 1967 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 6l : l 64 - l 88 . l 986 .

CLERODENDRUM INGRATUM Laut erb . K . Schum.

I nf l orescence i s s u ing f rom t he ax il s of f al l en l eaves , dichas ial ,

regu l arly twice dichot omou s , f ew- f l owered ; peduncl es 5 - 6 cm. l ong;

cymes abou t 8 cm. l ong; pedicel s 5 - l Omm. l ong; calyx inf undibu l ar ,

herbaceou s , at f irs t green, l at er red , abou t 14 mm. l ong, t he t u be 7

mm. l ong, ex t ernal ly gl abrou s , div ided t o abou t t he middl e , t he l obesobl ong

- t r iangu l ar , apical ly acu t e ; corol l a el ongat e , at f irs t yel l owish, l at er whi t e , in al l abou t 2 cm. l ong, ex t ernal l y spar sely puberu

l ent , t he l arges t l obe l 2 mm. l ong; s t amens l ong- ex sert ed , abou tcm. l ong, ins ert ed cm. above t he base of t he corol l a- t u be ; s t yl el ong

- ex sert ed ; ovary 2 mm. l ong; f ru it drupaceou s , at f irs t dark- greenbut f inal ly bl u e- bl ack .

Thi s s pec ies is based on Lauzcnbach 810 f rom cu l t ivat ed ground in

f ront of S ingapore Hou s e , Finschhaf en, Terr i t ory of New Gu inea , col

l ect ed on Sept ember 25 , 1890 . Lau t erbach Schumann (l 900 ) remarkt hat Be i ers t er Bet racht ung er innert d iese Art in der Tracht an C4 .

i nenmc Gdrt n s ie ist aber schon durch d i e grdsseren , t ief get he il t en

Kel che ganz v er sch ieden"

.

The s pec ies has been encount ered in dry , open , gras sy , and cu l t ivat ed areas and in t he u nders t ory of d is t u rbed l owl and- t ype rainf or

es t s , in f l ower in March and J u ly t o November , and in f ru it in Oct o

ber .

The corol l as are said t o have been whit e on Nyman gig, yel l owis ht o whi t e

"

on Laurenbach 810 and yel l ow t o pink on Havel z Kaine NGF

17288.

Hart l ey his as soc i at es (l 973 ) report a l kalo ids pres ent i n t he

l eav es and f ru i t of t hi s s pec ies , based on a number 10213 col l ect ion

f romMarkham Val l ey , New Gu inea , but bu l k mat er ial , t hey say , was not

avai l abl e for accu rat e meas u rement .

Lam (l 924 ) c i t es Laurenbach 870, Nyman 8l 8, and wei nfiand 245 271

f rom nort heas t ern New Gu inea . In his l 9l 9 work he as sert s t hat t he

s pec ies is cl osely rel at ed t o C . hal aozocnec H. J Lam W t h has l arger

l eaves , t he cal yx and corol l a- l obes are smal l er , and t he corol l a- t u beis ex t ernal ly gl abrou s .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu is h C . i ngnazum f romot her I ndones i an t axawi l l be f ound under C

, hflgmmgi Elm. in t he present ser i es of not es.

Mat er ial of C . Lngdat um has been mi s ident if ied and d i s t r i bu t ed i n

some herbar ia as C . dixpahz6ozi um f . eni ooi phon (Schau . ) Bakh . and

even as Saxi fina aceac.

C it at ions : G EATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Kal imant an : Post humua 2084 (Bz

270

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cf cnodcndnum 271

Kangean : Backed 27509 (BZ - 19728 , BZ - 19729 , BZ - 19730 . BZ

25509 , N) ; Dommeha 30 (Bz - 19167 , Bz 31 (Bz 282 (82Sepandjang: Backed 28899 (Bz 29030 (Bz - I97ZS) , Se

papan: Bachcn 28536 (Bz - 19727 , Bz NEW GUI NEA : Terr i t ory of

New Gu inea : Havct z Kaino NGF 17288 (Ld. Mu . Mu ) ; Lauxcnbach 810 (Bz19732 - i sot ype , Ld -

phot o of i sot ype , N -

phot o of i sot ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM INSOLITUM Mol d . , Amer . Journ . Bot . 38 : 325 . 1951 .

Bi bl iography : Mol d Amer . Journ . Bot . 38 : 325 . l 951 ; Mol d Biol .

Abs t r . 26 : 185 . l 9s2 ; Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. l 74 : l 52 , 205 , 207

208 , 267 , f ig. 33 l 956 ; Mol d . , Rés umé 155 450 . l 959 ; G. Tayl or , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 12 : 36 . l 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 26 (l 97l )and 2 : 867 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 249 638 . 1980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 188 . 1985 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. l 74 : 205 , f ig. 33

1956 .

A smal l t ree ; branchl et s and twigs s l ender , obt u s ely t et ragonal ,

densely t oment u l ose- vi l l osul ous wi t h sordid- browni s h hairs on t he

younger part s , gl abrescent on t he ol der part s ; nodes somet imes obscu rely annu l at e on t he younger twigs ; pr incipal int ernodes cm.

l ong, mos t ly abbrev iat ed ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e ; pet iol es s l ender ,

6 - 12 mm. l ong, canal icu l at e above , dens ely pu beru l ent or s hort - pu bescent wi t h sub incanous hairs ; l eaf - bl ades cor iaceou s , rat her grayi s hgreen above , br ight er green beneat h , el l ipt ic or el l ipt ic-obovat e ,

rarely ovat e , 2 - 9 cm. l ong, l . 5 cm. wide , apical ly mos t lyrounded and s u bemarginat e , rarely obt u se , marginal ly ent ire , basal lyrounded or obt u se or even acu t e , very f inely and obscu rely pu beru l ou sabove , scat t ered- pi l ose wi t h f l avescent ha ir s and densely res inou sgranu l ar beneat h ; midr i b rat her s l ender , f l at above , promi nent and

very densely f l avidous- pu bescent beneat h ; secondar ies s l ender , 5 - 7

per s ide , arcu at e- ascending, rat her irregu l arly branched , prominul ousabove and beneat h , arcuat ely Joined in many l oops near t he margins ;ve inl et ret icu l at ion f ine , abundant , prominul ous on bot h s urf aces ; ihf l orescence ax i l l ary , abundant on t he young twigs , a pa ir at each up

per node , 5 - 7 cm. l ong, di var icat e , l - 3- f l owered , conspicuou s lybract eol ose in i nvol ucrat e f as hion; peduncl es very s l ender , l . 4

cm. l ong, u s ual ly rat her densely s hort - pu bescent wi t h f l avidous hairs ;bract s l arge , fol iaceou s , pal e reddi s h-green , membranou s , a pair at

t he apex of t he peduncl es and a pair s u bt ending each l at eral f l ower

when t he cyme is 3- f l owered , ovat e- el l ipt ic , 8 - l o mm. l ong, 5 - 6 mm.

wide , apical ly bl unt or obt u se , marginal ly ent ire , basal ly rounded ,

ses s i l e , s u bgl abrat a above , sparsely pi l osul ous and res inou s - granu l arbeneat h , conspicuou s ly venose , t he venat ion s l ight ly prominul ous on

bot h s urfaces ; pedicel s f i l i f orm, 2 - 15 mm. l ong, more or l es s s t r igil l ose or gl abrescent ; calyx campanu l at e , membranou s , pal e reddi s hgreen, l o - l 4 mm. l ong, 7 - 9 mm. wide , venose , minu t ely and obscurely s t r igil l ose or gl abrat e , more or l es s res inou s - granu l ar on t he out

s ide , it s rim 4 or 5- l obed , t he l obes ovat e , erect , abou t 3 mm. l ong,

apical ly s harply acu t e , venose ; corol l a dark-

purpl e , t u bu l ar , abou tl . 5 cm. l ong, dorsal ly densely pu bescent wi t h ant rorse subst r igose

hairs , it s l imb smal l , 7 - 8 mm. wide , t he l obes 2 —4 mm. l ong, dorsal

272 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

1y s t r igose- pu bescent ; s t amens dark- purpl e ; s t yl e and s t igma pal e

yel l ow; f ru it ing-cal yx hardly accrescent , inf l at ed , membranou s , abou t15 mm. l ong and 11 - 12 mm. wide , very minu t ely s t ri gi l l ose-

pu beru l entor gl abrat e ; f ru i t more or l es s woody , 4- ce11ed , each cel l i - seeded ,

t he seeds at t ached at t he middl e of t he cent ral angl e of t he cel l .

Thi s endemic species is bas ed on Humbcnt 20755 f rom s i l iceou s sandin a s hady l i t t oral f ores t at Vinani be , near Fort Dauphin, Madagascar ,

at 5 - 50 m. al t i t ude , col l ect ed on Apr i l 2 , 1947 , and depos it ed in t he

Par i s herbar i um. The s pecies is known only f rom sand-dunes and ot h

er sandy coas t al areas . A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h i t f rom t he ot her

known Madagascar t axa wil l be f ound under C . baaonianum Ol i v . in t he

present ser ies of not es (58 : 184C i t at ions : MADAGASCAR: Decany 4221 (P) . 4288 (P) ; Humbcnt 20756

(E - phot o of t ype , F - phot o of t ype , Ld - phot o of t ype , N - phot o of

t ype . P - t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM INTERMEDIUM Cham. , Linnaea 7 : [ 105 ] ( sphalm. 150 - 106 .

1832 .

Synonymy : Cl enodcndnon panicuf ai um Perrot t et , Mem. Soc . Linn. Pari s3 : 110 . 1824 [ not C . pani cul azum L . , Vol kamcai a a nmia Bl anco ,

F1 . Fi l ip. , ed . 1 , 511 . 1837 [ not V. i nadmio L Bot hameni acaaopanguifi Bl anco , F1 . Fi l ip. , ed . 2 , 356 . 1845 . Vot kamcnia caAOpan

gui i Bl anco ex Fern .- Vi 11ar 8 Naves in Bl anco , F1 . Fil ip. , ed . 3 , 4 :

pi . 173 . 1880 . Cl enodendnon i nt enmedi um Cham. apud Jacks . in Hook . f .

8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. l , 1 : 561 . 1893 . Vof hamcni a Lnenmi o (haudL . ) Bl anco ex H. Hal l ier , Meded . Ri j ks Herb . Le id . 37 : 80 in syn .

1918 . Ci cnodcndnon bf umcanum Hal l ier f . ex E. D. Merr . , Enum. Phil ip.

Fl ow. P1 . 3 : 402 in syn . 1923 [ not C . bf umeanum Schau . , Ci enc

dcndnon oquamai um H. Lam ex E. D. Merr . , Enum. Phi l i p. Fl ow. P1 . 3

402 in syn . 1 923 [ not C . aquamazum Vah1 , Ct enodcndnon i nt en

medium C . 8 S . ex Mol d . , A1ph . L i s t Inv . Names S uppl . 1 : 6 in syn .

1947 . Ci enodcndnon Lni cnmedi um Champ. apud Masamune , Sc i . Rep. Kanazawa Uni v . 4 : 49 s phalm. 1955 .

Bibl iography : Perrot t et Mém. Soc . Linn. Par i s 3 : 1 10 . 1824 ; ChamL innaea 7 : [ 105 ] ( sphalm.

- 106 . 1832 ; Bl anco , F1 . Fil ip. , ed . 1 ,

511 - 512 . 1837; Maund , Bot ani s t 1 : pl . 13 . 1837 ; St eud . , Nom. Bot .

Phan . , ed . 2 , 1 : 383 . 1840 ; D. Diet r . , Syn . P1 . 3 : 617 . 1843 ; Bl anco ,

F1 . Fi l ip. , ed . 2 , 356 . 1845 ; Wal p. , Repert . Bot . Sys t . 4 : 101 8 114 .

1845 ; Schau . in A . DC Prodr . 11 : 669 . 1847 ; Has s k . , Ret zia 1 : 62 .

1855 ; Buek , Gen . Spec . Syn. Candol l . 3 : 106 . 1858 ; Mig. , F1 . Ned . Ind .

2 : 880 . 1858 ; Fern .- Vi11ar 8 Naves in Bl anco , F1 . F i l ip. , ed . 3 , 2

294 4 : Nov . App. 161 and 6 : pl . 173 . 1880 ; Mercado ,

L ib . Med . 45 . 1880 ; Vidal y Sol er , Phan . Guming. Phil ip. 5 8 135 .

1885 ; Vi dal y Sol er , Rev . P1 . Vasc . Fil ip. 221 . 1886 ; Jacks . in Hook .

f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , 1 : 561 (1893 ) and imp. 1 , 2 : 1219 .

1895 ; E. D. Merr Phi l ip. For . Bur . Bu l l . 1 : 52 . 1903 ; E. D. Merr . ,

Ph il i p. Jou rn . Sc i . Bot . 1 , S uppl . 1 : 122 (1906) and 3 : 431 . 1908 ; E.

D. Merr . , F1 . Manil a , imp. 1 , 401 - 403 . 1912 ; Backer , Tropische Nat uur

5 : 87 . 1916 ; H. Hal l ier , Meded . Rij ks Herb . Le i d . 37 : 78 8 80 - 81 .

1918 ; E. D. Merr . , Sp. Bl anc . 335 . 1918 ; H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Ma1ay .

Arch . 298 , 302 , 8 363 . 1919 ; Bakh. in Lam 8 Bakh Bu11 . Jard . Bot .

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274 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

cu t e or s u bacuminat e , marginal l y dent icu l at e , bas al ly deeply cordat e ,

s hiny and darker green above , obscu rely pu l veru l ent or gl abrou s and

of t en abundant ly l ight- dot t ed above , somet imes s t r igil l ose wi t h dis

t ant ly scat t ered ha irs , obscurely pu l veru l ent and densely s q uamu l osebeneat h ; midr ib s t ou t is h or s l ender , f l at or s u bimpres sed above , prominent beneat h ; secondar ies s l ender , 5 - 7 per s ide , t he 2 - 4 l owes t is

s u ing palmat ely f rom t he l eaf - base , f l at or subprominul ent abov e , pro

minul ent beneat h ; vein and ve inl et ret icu l at ion comparat i vely di s t antand angu l ar , obscu re or t he l arger part s subprominul ent above , con

Spicuous but not at al l prominul ent beneat h ; inf l orescence t erminal ,

erect , panicu l at e , 18 - 30 cm. l ong, 15 - 20 cm. wide , composed of 6 or

7 pa ir s of l ax , di var icat e cymes , many- f l owered , al l part s f iery- red

or miniaceou s in bud ; peduncl es and sympod ia cont inuou s wi t h t he t wigsand s imil ar in al l res pect s , var iabl e in l engt h ; pedicel s s l ender ,

var iabl e , l - l 3 mm l ong, gl abrat e ; bract s l arge and fol iaceou s , oh

l ong- el l ipt ic , l cm. l ong, 3 - 20 mm. wide , l ong- s t ipi t at e , a pair

s u bt ending t he inf l orescence ; bract l et s obl ong or l anceol at e t o broad

ly l inear , numerou s , t o 1 cm. l ong and 2 mm. wide ; prophyl l a obl ong or

l inear , t o 5 mm. l ong; f l owers odorl es s ; calyx - l obes red“t o bl ack

( f ide Elmer ) , ovat e , apical ly acu t e , abou t t he l engt h of t he

corol l a- t u be ; corol l a br ight- red , t he t u be s l ender , abou t 1 cm. l ong,

t he l imb 5- l obed , t he l obes obl ong, s u beq u al , spreading; s t amens red

or purpl i s h , abou t 2 cm. l ong, def l exed or recurved ; f ru i t ing-calyxenl arged , s t ar- s haped , red , 1 cm. wide , spreading or ref l exed ; f ru itdru paceou s , round or depres s ed-

gl obos e (obl at e ) , at f irs t green, l at er

bl ue , 6 - 10 mm. l ong and wide , encl osed when immat u re , composed of 4

pyrenes which are chart aceou s and l - s eeded .

Merr il l (1923 ) s ays of t hi s s pec ies t hat i t i s f ound Throughou tt he Phil ippines in t hicket s , secondary forest s , and open damp pl acesat l ow and medi um al t i t udes , of t en common"

and t hat i t occu rs al so in

Formosa , Borneo , Cel ebes , and S umat ra . He cont inu es : Bakhu izen, per

haps correct ly , reduces t hi s t o Cf cnodcndnon aquamaxum Vahl"

. Act ual ly , C. equamai um Vahl 1 5 a synonym of C . haempfleni (Jacq . ) S ieb . and

is q u it e di s t inct . On hi s col l ect ion no 19 Merr i l l not es : widelydi s t r ibu t ed i n damp Open pl aces in Lu zonCol l ect ors have encou nt ered C . a cnmedi um in damp so il s in ol d

cl ear ings and open pl aces in general , secondary fores t s , t hicket s a

l ong t he edges of l akes , wet s t ony soi l of wooded rav ines and parang,

on h il l s ides , near r i vers , and al ong pat hs in f ores t ed val l eys and

s t reams , at 20 t o 3500 f eet al t i t ude , in ant hes i s in every mont h of

t he year , and in f ru it in January , Apr i l , May , and Oct ober . MacDaniel s

ref ers t o it as common in pas t u rel ands , occas ional ly cu l t ivat ed in

Lu zon; Cana cal l s i t a weed"

. Gat es refers t o it as a t ree in

Lu zon and Tiong descr i bes i t as"a 6- f oot ornament al t ree in Sabah .

The corol l as are said t o have been"red

"on Cf emeno 17072, MaaDan

LQCA 113, Tenmi ji SAN. 81251, and wifil iamo 2584,"reddi s h on Ti ong

SAN. 88038, scarl et on wazhcn 7450,“bl ood- red on Ramos 2 Edano,

Henb . Phi t ip. Bun Sci . 47707, f iery- red on Hazfii en 4090a .f i ery

red or miniaceou s on Efmcn 13641 and"red and whi t e

"on wenzefi 3292 .

Common and vernacu l ar names report ed for t hi s species are

al ocasoc al oksok"

,

"

aguargai"

,

"

asuafigai bal ant ana"

, bant ona

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci enodcndnum 275

cal i - cal i casopanggi l casopangi l casupangu il col ocol ogdagt ung

"

,

"dayugdug ki l at

" "f un nam“

,

“humang

”

,

"i gifiga

kal al auan"kasopangi l

"

, kasopéfigi l"

, kassfi pénggi l kasupangi lkat ufigét un

"

, kol okol og l aroan ani t o“l aroan- ani t o

l i bint ano"

, macal al auang"makakal al awang

"

,

“mayi t um”

,

"m6 dO

pac ipis"

,

"

pakapi s"

, and volcamer iacasopangui l

Madr id Moreno (1936) ref er s t o t he spec ies as medic inal . Al t schu l(1973 ) as sert s t hat t he l eaves , "

wi t h coconu t oi l"

,are appl ied as a

pl as t er t o t reat headaches , ci t ing, as au t hor i t y , Gut i énnez 61- 19

Gi bbs (1974 ) report s t he presence of cyanogenes i s in t he s t ems , butnot in t he f ol iage .

Hans f ord (1961 ) report s t he species at t acked by t he f ungu s , Mezi ozaczenodendni P. Henn. in t he Phi l ippine I s l ands , based on St evens 337

1985.

Vidal (1885 ) ci t es Gami ng 481 f rom t he Phi l ippines . The Reasonen

34 06 . s . n. ,c i t ed bel ow, was col l ect ed f rom pl ant s cu l t ivat ed in Fl or

ida , but or iginal ly f rom t he Phil ippines .

Among t he inaccuracies and errors in t he l i t erat u re of Cf cnodendnumi ni cnmediummay be ment ioned t hat t he or iginal Chami s so (1832 ) ref er

ence is ci t ed t o page 150"

by Diet r ich Jackson Mer

ri l l and Hs iao (1975 ) becau se of a pr int er' s error in das ig

nat ing t he f ir s t page of t he di scu s s ion by Chami s so t he page numbershou l d have been print ed 105 and i s correct ly c i t ed as s uch by Hal

l ier (1918 ) and Merri l l Hal l ier , however , erroneou s ly ci t est he Mi quel (1858 ) ref erence t o t hi s species as

"1856

"

pages 705880 of Miguel

' s work were not i s s ued unt i l Apr i l 8 , 1858 . The Cami ng431 , ci t ed bel ow, i s somet imes incorrect ly ci t ed as Cummi ng

The i l l u s t rat ion of C . i nt cnmedium in Mau nd hand- col ored ,

s hows t he corol l as scarl et in col or in t he New York Bot anical Gardenl i brary copy , but only as pink in t he herbar i um copy .

Bol s t er , in t he not es accompanying his col l ect ion , c i t ed bel ow,

ref ers t o t he l eaves wi t h "l ower l obes 4 cm. l onger

"

, implying l obedl eaf - bl ades as in C

. pani cufiaxum L . , but I have nev er seen any l obeson t he l eaf - bl ades of C . i nt enmedium.

Perhaps he meant t o say l ower

l eaves 4 cm. l onger"

. It s hou l d be not ed t hat Efmcn 13641 and Hut ch

i nson, Phi l ip. Fan. Ban. 4827 s how remarkabl e resembl ance t o C . bat h

unianum Low, an obv iou s ly very cl osely rel at ed s pecies .

Bl anco (1837) s t at es t hat t he young s hoot s and f l ower s of 02 2 1 0

dendnum i nt enmcdi um are dr ied and powdered and t he powder t hen pl aced

in t he navel and/or umbi l ical cord of t he mot her t o combat t he ef f ect sof a baby

' s deat h in t he womb .

"Tiene el ol or f ast igi oso , y l os

indios l a u s an bas t ant e en l a es t a muert a l a criat ura en el v ient re .

Su raiz se dice ser pu rgant e t omada en peso de una dracma ; pero creo

que es f al so . S iempre es t acon f l ores .

Masamune (1955 ) erroneou s ly pl aces C . i nt enmedi um in t he synonymyof C . japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet al ong wi t h C . squamazum Vah1 , C .

uiocaoum Vent . , and C . i nflonzunaxum L . !

An int eres t ing exampl e of t he di f f icu l t y in di s t ingu i s hing somespec ies of t hi s grou p in t he genu s i s seen in t he case of t he Tsang,

Tang, 2 Fang 7674 col l ect ion i t was apparent ly f irs t ident i f ied as

276 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

C . pani cuf azum L . , l at er correct ed t o C . aquamaxum Vahl , t hen t o C .

japonicum (Thunb . ) Sweet , t hen, s t i l l l at er , t o C . haempflcai (Jacq . )S ieb . , and , f inal ly , t o C . Lnt enmedium Cham.

Keys t o hel p di s t ingu i s h C . i nt cnmcdium f rom ot her Chinese and ot h

er cu l t i vat ed t axa i n t hi s genu s wi l l be found under C . canesceno

Wal l . (58 : 416) and C . bct hunianum Low ( 8 : 195 Anot her keyt hat may prove u sef u l i s prov ided by Hsaio (1978) t o di s t ingu i s h i t

f rom ot her Taiwanese s pec ies known t o him. S l ight ly modi f ied by me ,

t hi s is his key1 . Twining s hru bs C . t homsonae.

l a . Erect s hru bs .

2 . I nf l orescence ax i l l ary , 3- f l owered ; calyx - r im t runcat e .C. i nenma.

2a . I nf l orescence t erminal , in many- f l owered cymes or panicl es ;calyx l obed .

3 . I nf l orescence in gl obose cymose heads ; bract s f ol iaceou s .

4 . Calyx and bract s s hort er t han or as l ong as t he f ru i t s , wi t hl arge pel t at e gl ands C . phi l ippi num.

4a . Calyx and bract s much l onger t han t he f ru i t s , wit hou t pel

t at e gl ands C . caneoccno.

3a . I nf l orescence composed of l oose cymes or el ongat ed t hyr s i ;bract s smal l , l inear .

5 . Leaf - bl ades wi t h many sand- l i ke gl ands beneat h .

6 . Leaf - bl ades marginal ly s hal l owly t oot hed , not l obed ; ih

f l orescence br ight - red C . Lni enmedium.

6a . Leaf - bl ades 3 - 5~ l obed ; inf l orescence orange- red

C . pani cuf axum.

5a . Leaf - bl ades wi t hou t sand- l i ke giands beneat h .

7 . Leaf - bl ades el l ipt ic- l anceol at e ; corol l a- t u be s hort , t o 1

7a . l eaf - bl ades ovat e t o el l ipt ic ; corol l a- t u be obl ong, t o

cm. l ong.

8 . Branchl et s , l eaves , and inf l orescence densely coveredwi t h ru s t - col ored t oment um C . Ini chot omum

ar . gcnnugi ncum.

8a . Branchl et s , l eaves , and inf l orescence gl abrou s or

s l i ght ly browni s h- pu beru l ent .

9. Sepal s reddi s h ; l eaf - bl ades ovat e , pu bescentC W ehot omum.

9a . Sepal s greeni s h ; l eaf - bl ades ovat e- l anceol at e , sub

gl abrou s C . {ni chozomum var . gangeoéi .

Becau se of t he conf u s ion in herbaria and l i t erat u re , i t seemswort hwhi l e t o q uot e here Chami sso '

s or iginal (1832 ) det ai l ed descript ion and di scu s s ion of C . i nzenmedium: cau l e acu t e quadrangul o ,

fol i is prof unde cordat is ovat is acuminat i s acut is subangul at is mucronat o- dent at is , s u pra pil os i s , subt us squamat is , panicul a t erminal i

gl abr iu scu l a e cymis b i sb if idus ramul is mul t if l oris cons t ant e l ac ini iscalyc inis ovat i s acut is gl abr is brevi bus quinqu ies brevior i bus t u bocorol l ae v ix v isC idul o-

puberul o , genit al i bus corol l am pl u s dupl o su

perant ibus . E Lugonis ret ul imus . Int er C. Aquamai umVahl (Hw. no .

11688 s pec . K l e in Marmel on Ind . or ient . et Vol kameni a Kaemp6€4&- J6CQ

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278 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

1845 edi t ion he adds Es t a espec ie y l a s igu ient e , mas bien del géneroCi cnodcndnon? " In t he Fernandez- Vi l l ar ed i t ion (1880 ) he ci t es Gami ng481 and s t at es t hat l iv ing pl ant s were observed by him in Lu zon , Min

danao , Panay , Cebu , and Jol o in t he Phi l ippines .

Merr i l l (1908 ) ci t es Fénix 4 145 f rom Camigu in and comment s t hat t he

pl ant is Very common and widely di s t r i bu t ed in t he Phi l ippines ; en

demic , but wi t h very cl osely al l ied forms f ound in Formosa and in

Cel ebes .

" Act ual l y , however , at l eas t some of t he pl ant s in Formosaand Cel ebes seem t o be conspec i f ic . In his 1918 work he cit es Mcnni i iSp. Bi anc. 43 , col l ect ed by Qui sumbing at Los Bafib s , Laguna Prov ince ,

Lu zon , on J une 25 , 1914 , as a good i l l u st rat i ve col l ect ion , comment ing,

aga in, t hat“Thi s s pec ies i s common and widely di s t ri bu t ed in t he

Phi l ippines at l ow and medi um al t i t udes and is commonly known t o t he

Tagal ogs as casopanguil . There i s no dou bt what ever as t o t he iden

t it y of Bl anco' s Voi hamcni a caAOpangui i , and f u rt her no dou bt what ever

as t o i t s ident i t y wi t h Ci cnodcndi on i ni cnmcdi um Cham. , t he type Of

wh ich was f rom Luzon, ei t her t he Prov ince of Cav i t e or Bat angas .

Backer in his di scu s s ion of what he cal l ed C . squamai umVah1 , very t ru ly remarks t hat "

Veranderl ij k wat bet raf t de l angt e van

kel k en kroonbu is . De j avaansche exempl aren behooren al l e t ot de

var iet ei t japdni cum Hasskarl , waarbij de kel k 10 - 17 mM hoog is en de

kroonbuis 15 - 20 mM l ang. Op S umat ra en ook el ders v indt men den

t ypi schen vorm, waarb i j de kel k 8 - 10 mM, de kroonbui s l 8 - 25 mM l angis . Op de Phi l i ppi j nen t ref t men, behal ve deze be ide vorman, nog een

t usschenvorm dab . His C . Aquamai umwe now cal l C . kacmpfici i (Jacq . )S ieb his var . japoni cum

'

is C . japoni cum (Jacq . ) S ieb . , and his

int ermed i at e "Ph il ippine f orm is C . i ni cnmcdium Cham. or C . bet hani a

mum Low.

Hal l ier (1918 ) c it es Baccani 817 and Bui i cndi j h s . n . f rom S umat ra ,

Ezbanz 34 13 and weben s . n. f rom Cel ebes , Eimen 1364 1 f romMindanao ,

Cci cot i no 7335 and Eimen 9763 f rom Negros , and Cumi ng 481, Hai i i cn

4090 8 4090a ,and Mcnni i i 19 f rom Lu zon , al so report ing i t s use t here

in t he t reatment of headaches .

Hs iao (1 932 ) c i t es Hoi ch 20 f rom Ta iwan, not ing t hat t he spec ies isf ound only i n t he sou t hernmos t part of t he i s l and , but al so in

"

The

Phi l ippines and Borneo

Mat er i al of Ci enodcndnum i ni cnmcdi um has been mi s ident i f ied and

di s t r ibu t ed in some herbar ia as C . bci hunianum Low, C . japoni cum(Thunb . Sweet , C . hacmpficni (Jacq . S ieb . C . pani cuiai um L C .

squamai um Vahl , and Voi kamcni a hacmpgcni Jacq . On t he ot her hand , t he

Bawan 8 Bont omco,Phi i ip. Fan. Bun. 24284, Edano, Phi i ip. Bun. Sci .

24845 26959, Edano,Phi i ip. Nat . c b. 3524 , Eimen 9763 8 14504 ,

Foxwont hy, Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 786, Hei b . Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . s . n. , Manga

bai ,Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 383, McGncgon 221 8 Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 1725,

Med i na 23 8 24 , Mcnni i i 3153, Megan, Phi i ip. Fan. 80 4 . 2177, and San

i oa 4 193, d i s t r ibu t ed as C . i ni cimcdium, act ual ly are C . bci hanianum

Low, whi l e Fiohcn 35509 and Mci i a Bannci o 4387 are C . bungci S t eudc b . Udt ci i o. u . Mci i o Bannci o 4386, Mendoza 1518, and

PhiCip. Nat . c b. 18525 are C . hacmpgcni (Jacq . ) S ieb . , and DcVonc 8

Hooven 177 and Lohci 4423 are C . pubcnuium Merr .

C it at ions : CHI NESE COASTAL I SLANDS : Hainan : Tsang, Tang, 8 Fang

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci cnodcndnum 279

7674 (N) . PHI L I PPINE I S LANDS : Al abat : Ramos 2 Edd ie ,Phi i ip. Bun.

Sci . 4324 1 (Cd Bas il an: DcVanc 2 Hooven 60 (WLuzon : Ahcnn ' o Cai i cci an 6 .n. [Merri l l i Dec . Phil ip. FOF Fl . 35 ] ( It ,

Mi , OS , w N. J . Andcncoan a . h . [Mani l a . Jan. 1853 ] (S.

Bacani , Phi i i p. Fan. Bun. 16503 (Bz Bai i azan 6 . n. [ F. C.

Gat es 7907 ] (Mi ) ; Bani i ci i 14174 (Mi ) ; Banden, Phi l ip. Fan. Ban. 1324

(w Cana A . A . [ Dec . 20 , 1930 ] (Du Cact i i i a , Phi i ip.

Bun. Sci . 22745 (81 , w Ci cmcni 17072 (Cd Eimcn

5723 (N. N 6581 (N 3034 (Bz - 20635 . N) . 17610 (Bi ,Bz - 20628 , N, N Eochachoi i z 6 . n. [Mani l a ] (L) ; Fini x. Phi i

ip. Bun. Sci . 23050 (N Fax,Phi i ip. Nai . c b . 4666 (Ni ) ;

F. C. Gai ca 5237 (HS ) ; Hacnkc 572 (N) , 573 (N) ; Haiman 72 (GgMacDani cie 1 13 (Ba ) ; E. 0 . Mcnni i i 19 (Bz - 20634 , N, N 1850

(w 2717 (w Minanda c. u . [May 1910) (Mi ) ; Quisumbi ng 289 (Mi ) , 651 [Merr i l l Sp. Bl anc . 43 ) (Bz - 20629 , N, w2164 (Ok 2267 (Ok M. Ramoa 1339 (Bz Phi i ip.

Bun. Sci . 2643 (Br , L ) , Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 3093 (L) ; Ramos 3 Edana ,

Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 45357 (Cd Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 47107 (CaC. B. Robi naon, Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 6824 (Bz Radbcni uc

s .n. [Mani l a ] F. L. Si cvcno 669 (UP ) ; E. H. Wai hcn 7450 (Wwhi t fland 433 (W 354 (W wi i nca 6 . n. [Mt s .

Luzon] (T , w R. S . wi i i i amc 2063 (N, N) ; wvhi cn 49 woodPhi i ip. Fan. Bun. 13058 (Cm) . Mas bat e : E. D. Mcnni i i 3065 (WMindanao : Ahcnn 327 [ f iel d no . 271 (N - 445667. N 3270 (Bz20630 , Bz Baici ci 241 (Ca Eimen 13641 (Bi . Bz20624 , Cd —272949 , L , N, Ut - 33527 , N Hut chi nson, Phi i ip.

Fan. Ban. 4327 (N, H wcnzci 3292 (Bz - 20632 , Cd

C. M. weben 1101 (Cm) ; R. S . wii i i amo 2584 (N) . Mindoro : Bani i ci i

13431 (Mi ) . Negros : Uoi cni 6 . n. (N, N) . Panay : C. 8.

Robi nson,Phi i ip. Bun. Sci . 18113 (w I s l and undet ermined :

Cami ng 431 (L , L , X) ; N22 11 (Q) . 23 (O) . GREATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Celebes : Buwai da 3800 (Bz Donggai a 70 (Bz Sabah : Katawa 2 Rat i o 4322 (Sn Tcnmi ji SAN. 81251 (Sn Ti ongSAN. 88038 (Sn S umat ra : Bani i ct i 8700 (Mi ) ; Banncmci jcn 3110

(Bz - 20695 , Bz CULTI VATED: Cal i fornia : wai i hcn 6 . n. [ Sept1928) (Gg Fl or ida : Rcai onci Enoe . 3 . n. [Oneco 1914 1 (Ar

Germany : c b . Hani . Bat . Bcnai . 6 . n. [ 1837 ] (B) , 6 . n. [Aug1844 ] Honduras : P. C. St andl ey 56847 (A, F - 582156 , Ld -

Phot o ,

N -phot o , w Phi l ippine I s l ands : Cana s . n. [ Col l ege Campu s ,

Dec . 20 , 1930 ] (Hp) ; Ganci a 6 . n. [Mani l a J . Bot . l (V) ; wi chuna 1796

(B) . LOCAL I TY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMI NED: Mancavi cz 3 . n. [ 27 .v11 . 261(L ) . MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS : Crevost 8 Pét el ot , Bu l l . Econ . , I ndochine 37 : Opp. 1296 . 1934 (Ld) ; Maund , Bot ani s t 1 : pl . 13 . 1837 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM INTERMEDIUM f . ALBIFLORUM Mol d Rés umé S u ppl . 3 : 21 nom.

nud . 1962 ; Phyt ol ogia 12 : 477 . 1966 .

Bibl iography : Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 3 : 21 . 1962 ; Hocking, Excerpt .

Bot . A, l l : 103 . 1966 ; Mol d Biol . Abs t r . 47 : 6794 . 1966 ; Mol d Phy

t ol ogia 12 : 477 . 1966 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 315 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 .

1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 306 8 538 . 1980 .

Thi s f orm di f f ers f rom t he t ypical formof t he species in hav ingwhi t e corol l as .

280 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 4

The f orm i s based on an unnumbered Francesco Guerrero [ sphalmFuerrero

"

) col l ect ion f rom Arayat , Panpanga Province , Lu zon, Phil ip

pine I s l ands , col l ect ed in 1927 and depos i t ed in t he Uni vers i t y of

Cal i f ornia herbari umat Berkel ey . The col l ect or not es : "En uno de l as

caj as que v . rec ibiré del t ransport e Thomas incl u i dos pl ant as paraque v . me di j ese S i el

‘Ci cnadcndnan

'de f l ores bl ancas es una s impl e

var iedad de l a '

i ni cnmcdium' muy conocida ; pero l o que en real idad es

para mi de mucho int erés es el'

Hi bi i cua‘de f l ores de col or de pur

purea que me remit ieron de Arayat como remedio cont ra l a t os .

Not hing f urt her i s known t o me of t hi s t axon .

C i t at ions : PHI L I PPI NE I SLANDS : Luzon : F . Gucnncno s .n. [ Arayat ,

Panpanga Prov . , 1927 ] (Ca - 323811 - t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM INVOLUCRATUM Vat ke , Linnaea 43 : 537 [ as Ci cnodcndnan J.

1882 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist ri b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 53 8 90 .

1 942 .

Synonymy : Ci cnodcndnan i nuoiucnai um Vat ke , Linnaea 43 : 537 . 1882 .

Dini chi ci ia i nuai ucnai a J . G. Baker , Journ . Linn . Soc . Lond . Bot . 22 :

482 . 1887 . Di ni chi ci ia cphacnaccphaia J . G. Baker , Jou rn . Linn . Soc .

Lond . Bot . 25 : 321 - 322 . 1890 . Dini chi ci ia i nuaiucnai um Baker apudVerdcourt , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . 1953 : 119 in syn . 1953 .

Bi b1 iography : Vat ke , Linnaea 43 : 537 . 1882 ; J . G. Baker , Journ.

Linn . Soc . Lond . Bot . 22 : 482 . 1887 ; J . G. Baker , Journ . Linn . Soc .

Lond . Bot . 25 : 321 - 322 . 1890 ; Jacks in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew

imp. l , 1 : 561 . 1893 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist rib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 ,

53 8 90 . 1942 ; Jack . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , l : 561 .

1946 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 2 : 537 . 1948 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dis

t r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 123 8 182 . 1949 ; Verdcourt , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc .

Inf . 1953 : l l 9 - 120 . 1953 ; Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. 174 : 150 , 181

183 , 266 , 8 268 , f ig. 29 (7 1956 ; Anon Kew Bu l l . Gen. Ind . 77 .

1 959 ; Mol d Rés umé 155 , 278 , 8 450 . 1 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 260 8

477 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 249 8 538 . 1980 ;

Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 186 . 1985 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. 174 : 183 , f ig. 29 (71956 .

A s hru b , 2 m. t al l , or smal l t ree , somet imes merely s u f f ru t escent ;branches med ium- s t ou t , obt u sely t et ragonal , compres sed at t he nodes ,grayi s h , minu t ely pu beru l ent or gl abrescent ; branchl et s and twigsnumerou s , s l ender , Of t en Short , mos t ly obscu rely t et ragonal , verydensely pu beru l ent wi t h f l avidous or c inereou s hairs on t he younges tpart s , l es s dens ely so on t he Ol der part s , Of t en somewhat compres sedat t he nodes ; nodes somet imes more or l es s annu l at e ; princ ipal int er

nodes mos t ly much abbrev iat ed on t he twigs , cm. l ong, el on

gat e t o 7 cm. on t he branches ; l eaves decu s sat e- Oppos i t e or suboppo

S i t e , caducou s ; pet iol es rat her s l ender , 6 - 18 mm. l ong, Of t en more or

l es s recu rved , dens ely pu beru l ent , canal icu l at e above ; l eaf - bl adesmembranou s , rat her uni f ormly dark- green on bot h s u rf aces or somewhatl ight er beneat h , obl ong or el l ipt i c , cm. l ong,

- 6 cm.

wide , apical ly acu t e or s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire , basal ly(somet imes uneq u al ly) acu t e or s hort - acuminat e , dens ely vel u t inou s - puberul ent or s hort - pu bescent on bot h s u rf aces or only sparsely so above

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282 P H v T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 4

Scnvi cc Fancdi i cn 25 (P) , 27 (P) , 73 (P) .

CLERODENDRUM JAPONICUM (Thunb . ) Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 1 : 322 .

1826 .

Synonymy : Ga £0 0 0 0 290 go t oo gini Kaempf er , Amoen . Exot . 861 . 1712 .

Vai hamcnia japoni ca Thunb . , Nov . Act . Soc . Sc i . Ups al . 3 : 208 . 1780 .

Vai hamcnic iapani ca Thunb F1 . Iap. 255 . 1784 . Vai hamcni a i ncnmio,

fiai i i i candai io, ovat i s ,acui i i , dcni ai io; naccmi i secundio Thunb . ex

Pa ir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot . 8 : 689 in syn. 1808 . Ci cnadcndnumhacmpgcni Fi sch . ex S t eud . , Nom. Bot . Phan . , ed . 1 , 207 nom. nud . 1821

[ not C . hacmpgcni (Jacq . ) S ieb Ci cnadcndnan kacmpgcni F i sch .

ex Morr Ann. SOC . Roy . Agr . Bot . Gandav . l : 17 in syn. 1845 . Ci enodcndnan hflmpéeni Fi sch . apud Wal p. , Repart . Bot . Sys t . 6 : 691 in syn.

1847 . Ci cnadcndnan aquamai um var . japoni cum Has s k Ret zia 1 : 63 .

1855 . Ci cnodcndnon cquanmi uni ié fi japoni cum Has s k Ret zia 1 : 61 .

1855 . Ci cnadcndnan si ngai cnoc Mig. , Fl . Ned . Ind . S uppl . S umat ra 568 .

1860 . Ci cnodcndnan impcni ai i i Carr . , Rev . Hart . 46 : 110 . 1874 . Ci enodcndnan japoni cum (Thunb . ) Mak . , Bot . Mag. Tokyo 17 : 91 . 1903 . Ci enodcndnan hacmpgcni Sieb . herb . ex Mi q uel apud Mak Bot . Mag. Tokyo

17 : 91 in syn . 1903 . Tci Taa Kaempf . apud Mak Bot . Mag. Tokyo 17 :

91 in syn . 1903 . Ci cnadcndnan j aponi cum Mak . apud Pra in , Ind . Kew.

S u ppl . 3 : 44 . 1 908 . Ci cnodcndnon caquinoi i i Lévl Feddes Repart .

Spec . Nov . 11 : 302 . 1912 [ not op , c it . 298 . Ci cnadcndnon

dannioi i Lévl Feddes Repart . Spec . Nov . 11 : 301 . 1912 . Ci cnodcndnon

i cvci i i ci Fedde ex Lévl Fl . Kouy- Tchéou 442 . 1915 . Ci cnodcndnon

cquamai um var . japani cum t b ssk . ex Backer , Tropi sche Nat uur 5 : 89 .

1916 ,Ci cnadcndnan cocci neum H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Ma1ay . Arch . 296 .

1919 [ not C . cocci neum D. Diet r . ,Ci cnadcndnan hacmpflcni

Fi sch . ex S t eud .

"

apud Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu11 . Jard . Bot . Bu itenz ,m ser . 3 , 3 : 109 in syn . 1921 . Ci cnadcndnon dannani i Lévl . ex

P'

e i , Mem. Sc i . Soc . Ch ina 1 141 - l 43 . 1932 . Ci cnadcndnan

j apani cum (Thunb . ) Sweet ex Mol d Suppl . Li s t Inv . Names 2 in syn .

1941 . Ci cnadcndnon impcni ai c Carr . ex Mol d A l ph . L i st Inv . NamesSuppl . 1 : 6 in syn . 1947 . Ci cnadcndnum impcni ai ie Carr . apud Hara ,

Enum. Sperm. Jap. l : 187 in syn. 1 948 . Ci cnadcndnon hacmpflcni St eud .

s pud Hara , Enum. Sperm. Jap. l : 187 in syn . 1948 . Ci cnadcndnum

j aponi cum (Thunb . ) Mak ino apud Hara , Enum. Sperm. Jap. l : 187 in syn .

1948 . Ci cnadcndnan j aponi cum (Thu b . ) Sw. apud Mat uda , Amer . Midl .

Nat . 44 : 576 . 1950 . Ci cnadcndnan pani cui ai um (non L . ) Hook . 8 Arn .

apud Masamuna , Sc i . Rep. Kanazawa Univ . 4 : 49 in syn . 1955 [ not Ci enodcndnum pani cui ai um L Ci cnodcndnan japoni cum (Thunb . ) Mak .

ex Mol d Res ume 265 in syn . 1959 . Ci cnadcndnan j aponi cum Sweet ex

D. R. w. A l exander , Hong Kong Shru bs 28 in syn . 1971 . Ci cnadcndnum

j aponi cum Sw. ex Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 392 in syn . 1980 . Ci cnodcn

dnum danni oi i Levl . apud Lauener , Not es Roy Bot . Gard . Edinb . 38 : 484

in syn. 1980 . Ci cnadcndnum acqui nai i i Lévl . apud Laucher , Not es Roy .

Bot . Gard . Edinb . 38 : 484 in syn . 1980 . Ci cnadcndnum i cvci i i ci [ Feddeex ] Lévl . apud Laucher , Not es Roy . Bot . Gard . Ed inb . 38 : 484 in syn.

1980 . Ci cnadcndnan, cquamai um var . javani cum Te iJsm. . in herb .

Bib1 iography : Kaempf er , Amoen . Exot . 861 . 1712 ; Kwa-wi [ t rans l . Sa

vat ier ] , Arbor 2 : pl . 10 . 1759 ; Thunb . , Nov . Act . SOC . Sci . Upsal . 3

208 . 1780 . [ t o be cont inued]

BOOK REVI EWS

Alma L . Mol denke

HENDERSON' S DI CTIONARY OF BIOLOGI CAL TERMS Nint h Edi t ion by SandraHolmes , xi 8 510 pp. Van Nos t rand Reinhol d Company , New York ,

N. Y . 10003 . 1986 . paperbound 8 cl ot hbound .

Thi s new edi t ion comes in two forms wi t h t he same pref ace of a

l i s t of abbrev iat ions , uni t s and conver s ions , Greek al phabet and

Lat in and Greek noun endings , t he good updat ed (where needed) def ini t ions and t he appendices Of ol der pl ant and animal cl as s i f icat ionand common chemical el ement s . I have not seen t he cl ot hbound edi t

ion , but my paperback one i s pr int ed on t he poores t newspaper s t ockwi t h very smal l margins and print , making reading phys ical l y t ax ingt o s t udent s who are t he main u sers of t hi s book .

EVOLUTION BY SEXUAL SELECTION THEORY Pr ior t o 1900 edi t ed byCarl Jay Baj ema , x i i i 8 379 pp. , 30 b/w f ig. 8 2 t ab . A Hu t chinson Ros s Benchmark Book f rom Van Nos t rand Reinhol d Inc . , New

York , N. Y . 10003 . 1984 .

The Benchmark Papers in Syst emat ic and Evol u t ionary Biol ogy re

pr int cl as s ic scient i f ic papers . Thi s one has 10 pre-Darwinian

sel ect ions by T . Hobbes , Wm. Harvey , J . Rou s s eau , E. Darwin, et c . ,

has 3 f rom C . R. Darwin' s wri t ings f rom Or igin

"and f rom "

Descentof Man al ong wi t h A . R. Wal l ace

' s Mimicry"

. T . Bel t' s "

Mimet icInsect s and G. Mivart

's pains t aking cri t ique of Descent and has

3 af t er Darwin' s deat h on t he cont rovers ies over s ex ual sel ect ion

by G. W. 8 E. G. Peckham, A . R. Wal l ace and T . J . Cunningham. Thi sone pu bl icat ion incl udes t he gi s t Of t hi s import ant biol ogical l i t

erat ure t hat wou l d occupy a f ew whol e book s hel ves . The edi t or has

prov ided val u abl e expl icat i ve comment s f or each sect ion Of t heseexcerpt s . Sex ual sel ect ion has come t o be v iewed by mos t biol o

gis t s as a Special cat egory of nat ural sel ect ion“

. Thi s book bel ongs oh t he pert inent l ibrary Shel ves of biol ogical ins t i t u t ions ,mu seums and uni vers i t ies .

FLORA OF THE GREAT PLA I NS by t he Great Pl ains Fl oral As soc iat ionwi t h Ronal d L . McGregor , coordinat or , 8 T . M. Barkl ey , edit or ,

vi i 8 1392 pp. 8 2 b/w maps . Uni vers i t y Pres s of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045- 8350 . 1986 .

I am gl ad t hat t he int roduct ion ment ions Rydberg's f l ora as t he

cl as s ic t reatment which dat es f rom 1932 and has s ince been reprint ed

by Dover Pu bl icat ions . Thi s new book encompas ses much more work bymany persons s ince i t incl udes al l t he l ocal , count y and s t at e f l ora

283

284 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 4

and herbar ia records f rom t ne many s t at e col l eges and univers i t ies of

t he Great Pl a ins region , mos t ly as sembl ed s ince Rydberg' s day . Thi s

area incl udes (1 ) al l of Kansas , Nebras ka , Nort h and Sou t h Dakot a ,

(2 ) eas t ern Mont ana , Wyoming, Col orado and New Mex ico , (3 ) nort hernOkl ahoma and t he Texas panhandl e , (4 ) sou t hern Al bert a , Sas kat chewanand Mani t oba , and (5 ) a wes t ern s t r ip Of Minnesot a , Iowa and Mi s sou r i .

Thi s regional f l ora is t hought t o be recent and advent i ve in or igin.

Nearly al l our s pec ies have ex t ens i ve ranges beyond our borders " .

Th i s book st art s wit h a workabl e key f or t he nat i ve and nat ural izedpt er idophyt es , gymnos perms and s permat ophyt es in 160 f ami l ies . The

copy is on t he smal l S ide but very neat . I not iced on page 704 t hat

t he s pec i f ic name of Vcnbcna kucini c i s mi s spel l ed . Thi s book wi l lbecome very import ant on al l area campu ses f or bot any and ecol ogyf iel d courses and f or earnes t nat ural i s t s .

GEOLOGY OF THE GREAT BAS I N by Bi l l Fiero , xv 8 197 pp. , 35 col or

phot o , 43 b/w phot o 78 l ine- draw. maps , 4 chart s , 8 4 diag.

Uni vers it y of Nevada Pres s , Reno , Nev ada 89557- 0076 . 1986 .

c l ot hbound , 8 paperbound .

For t he Nevadan res ident , s t udent and v i s i t or , for t he geol ogybu f f and s t udent , and f or t he apprec i at or of books wit h beau t i f u lnat ure il l u st rat ions , t hi s book has much t o Of f er on al l t hes escores abou t t hi s f asc inat ing uniq ue Great Bas in . The au t hor int er

prat s t he rock pos i t ions , compos i t ions and s igns f rom t he earl ies tof t imes in seq uent ial order t o t he present in eas ily comprehens i bl el angu age . He incl udes a chapt er on t he nat ional monument s and s t at eparks t hat di spl ay s igni f icant geol ogical f eat ures .

TREES OF THE GREAT BAS I N A Nat u ral Hi s t ory by Ronal d M. Lanner ,

xvi 8 2 15 pp. , 48 b/w l ine- draw. , 51 col or pl . 8 2 maps . Uni

v ers it y of Nevada Pres s , Reno , Nevada 89557- 0076 . 1984 .

hardcover 8 paperbou nd .

The au t hor , a l ong act ive f iel d dendrol ogi s t , s urel y l oves hiss u bj ect and t hi s area ! Each of t he 47 nat ive t rees i l l u s t rat ed wit hexcel l ent drawings and beau t i f u l col or pl at es , has Spec ial l ocal i t iesmarked , var iet ies descr i bed , int erpl ay W i t h ot her pl ant and animalorgani sms e f f ect i vel y expl ained , means Of dis persal , and perhapsmos t import ant , acces s t o wat er , t heir rou t es of ent rance int o t he

Great Bas in whos e r i vers and t emporary l akes , et c . , have no s u rf aceou t l et t o t he sea . The Great Bas in "

t rees are hardy , smal l er and

l es s var ied t han t hose of t he wes t and f ewer t han t hos e t o t he

eas t , yet prov id ing a modicumOf food , forage and game and mos t of

t he wat er for t he Great Bas in is real ly a l and of manybaS Tns separat ed by ranges of hi l l s and mount ains . Even t hough t hebook is expressedly

"wr it t en for t he wes t ern nat ure ent hu s ias t i t

s hou l d prove highly u sef u l for ecol ogy , f iel d and t ree ident i f ica

t ion cou rses , and b iol ogi s t s in general .

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STUDIES ON THE ALGAL FLORAS INHABITING

DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN EGYPT

2 . LAKES AND SPRINGS

BY

W afaa S.Abou El-Khelr Ph.D. and Laila Mekkey M .Sc.

University College for Girls, Ain Shams Universit y Egypt .

INTRODUCTION

In Egypt there are t en maIn lakes varying In t heir kind of wat er.

Five of t hese lakes namely: BardaW Iel , Manzala , Burullus, Temsah , and

t he Bi t t er lakes ha ve marine wat ers. W hereas the wat ers of lakes Edku ,

Men u and Abbasa are of the brackish t ype . The only fresh wat er lake

at present Is lake Nasser, for lake Qarun Is now salIne (Abou El- Kheir,l 986). Egypt ian SprIngS occur In the oases and desert s. They are a lso

claSSIe d accordlng t o wat er kind Int o fresh, brackish , and saline springs.

No serious ef fort s hav e been done t o Inv est igat e t he algal communit ies Inhabit Ing t hese wat er bodIes especially SprIngs (Oyoon ) which are ,

up t ill now , largely neglect ed. L ake Qaru n receiv ed more at t ent ion t han

lakes Mariu t and Edku where as ot her lakes recei v ed almost no at t ent ion.

W orks dealing W it h the algal f lora of springs are: H ume (l 9o6) whoenumerat ed 4 1 diat om species, 2 7 green and 3 blu e green ones collect ed

from Oyoon Mou sa and some W adis In Sina i peninsu la . He st a t ed t ha t

MastogIOIa smit hi i and Epit hemia gIbba (diat oms) are common, and st at ed

also that green algae , part icu larly the desmIdS are predominant , whilstthe blue-greens are poorly represent ed. El- Nayal (1935) enumerat ed 19

species of a lgae (dia toms and blu e-

greens) collect ed from Ein El- Mahareek ,

EIn M ex Behari and EIn Sirgan In Kharga OaSIS. In 1978 Shaaban and

El- Habibi st udied t he algal f lora of cert ain wells In Kharga OaSIs. Shaaban(1985) Ident if ied 69 specIes belongIng t o 35 genera of algae collect ed

from SIwa OaSIs (Oyoon and L akes). He st at ed t hat t he most commonand w1dely dist ribu t ed varIety l S Gomphosphaeria aponina v . sgomina .

Kob a (1981) recorded 2 5 algal specIes from salt marshes In Ghrabnia t e

In t he nort h- w est ern cost al region of Egypt . H e found t hat t he blu e-

greens

are t he best represent ed group quant It at Ively and qua lIt at Ively, and t he

highest phyt oplankt on b iomass was rest rict ed t o Oscilla t oria lImosa ,

a and Chromulina ovalIS .

r and Isma i l st at ed t ha t t he lack of plankt onic

and bent hIc algal f lora In SIlene sprIng In E l—Fayum 15 due t o t he fact

t hat the source of wat er 15 t he ground deep W at er and t he fact t ha t

t he rat e of f low of wat er 15 so fast . These two reasons make t he chance

for algal communit y dev elopment so lit t le .

The f irst work on t he algal f lora of Egypt ian lakes was t hat done

by Zanhlbruckner (1904) on lake Mari u t and Mallaha a t A lexandrIa . H e

ident Ie d 3 blue- greens IncludIng one new Species and a new variet y.

W est (1909) Ident Ie d 66 alga l spec1es from BIrket Qarun. He st at ed

t ha t greens are poorly represent ed whereas blue-

greens and diatomsare v ery prominant . In 1935 El- Nayal Ident if ied 135 species of algae

collect ed from various localIt ieS In Egypt , principally AbbassIa , G iza ,

lake Qarun, lake Temsah , and la

gse Manzala . Ghazzawi (1939) St udied

2

286 P H Y T O L O G I A

t he phyt oplankt on of t he S uze-Canal and found an increase in t he abundance of plankt onic diatoms. Abdin (1948 and 1954) st udied the algal

f lora of t he Aswan reservoir. In 1958 A leem recorded 128 fossil diatomspecies from the old lake Morri es (lake Qarun at present ) in El-Fayum.

He found t hat t he most common species are mainly fresh-wat er type.

Salah (1960) ou t lined that there are species in lake Mariu t and lake Edku

(at Alexandria) which can li ve in eit her salt or brackish wat ers, and someare common t o bot h types of wa t er. Nasr et al. (1961) point ed that t he

kind and dist ribu t ion of algae is great ly af fect ed by t he change of salinityof wat er in lake Edko. Kaleafah (1964) found Ent eromorpha in nearlyall part s of lake Mariu t whether fresh or brackish, rich or poor in nu t rient s.

In l 970a Nosseir and Abou El- Kheir st udied the ef fect of dissolv ednu t rient s on t he algal f lora of lake Qarun. They found t hat t he species

which are numerous and t olerant are of t he marine type. In (l 970b) t hesame a u t hors ident if ied 66 algal species belonging t o 31 genera in lake

Nasser, and stat ed t hat t he Species which are numerous are of fresh

wat er t ype. Ehrlich (1975) worked on t he diatoms from the surface sedi

ment s of BardaW il lake. El- SaadaW I et al. (1976) worked on lake Qarunand ident if ied 16 species of diat oms as new records to t his lake. Shaabanet al. (1983) in t heir work on t he Medit erranean coast of Egypt (PortSaid, Ras El- Barr , Abu—Qir and S idi Gaber) found t hat the algal f lora

consist of 30 species belonging to macro-greens, reds and browns, but

t he bu lk was nearly of t he chlorophyt a . Abou El- Kheir and Ismail (l 986)st udied t he ex t ant algal f lora of lake Qarun. They also st at ed that t he

high salini ty af fect ed t he algal f lora: being rare.

The present st udy is concerned with t he algal f lora of lakes and springs

in di f ferent regions in Egypt . Also W it h the inv est igat ion of t he relat ionshipbetween t he algal dist ribu t ion and the env ironment a l fact ors. It is also

an at t empt t o f ind out t he dif ference between t he algal f loras of lakes

and springs which have a somewhat Similar salt cont ent .

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Thirt een samples were collect ed from wat ers of lakes and springs

(Oyoon). The lakes are: lake Qarun in El- Fayum, lake Temsah at El

lsmailia and lake Abbasa In El- Sharkia whi le the springs are: Ain Helwan

in Helwan suburb and A in El—S ira in Cairo (see F ig. Further details

concerning t he kind of wa t er and t he number of samples t aken fromeach wat er source are list ed below

Helwan Salt spring Brackish 2

(Am Helwan)

Cairo Sa t l spring Brackish 2

(Ain El- S ira)

El- lsmailia Lake Temsah Marine 3

El-Sharkia Lake Abbasa Brackish 2

El- Fayum Lake Qarun Salt lake 4

(Marine)

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288 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 61 , N0 . 5

of Medit erranean sea-wat ers from near Alexandria to the lake for reasons

given by Abo u El- KheirThe resu lt s given in t ables 1 and 2 Show t hat Bacillariophyt a is

best represent ed in marine wat ers and is poorly represent ed in highlysaline samples (samples no. 3 and despi t e t he fact t hat t hese samplescontain high values of all nu t rient s (except PO In t hese two highlysaline samples no C hlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae were found. This

is in agreement wit h Abou El-Kheir and Ismail (1986) who St at ed t hat

high salinit y in lake Qarun was accompanied by reduced algal f lora. Chloro

phyt a is again like Cyanophyt a; being well represent ed in brackish wat ers

(see t ables 2 and These resu lt s are t o some ext ent in agreement withresu lt s obt ained by Angot and Robert (1966) who stat ed t hat high salinityis favourable for diatoms and unfavourable for Cyanophyt a and Chlorophyt a .

But are not in agreement with resu lt s obt ained by Ilt is (1973) who St at ed

that blue-greens tolerat e variat ion of salinity, or W ith those obt ained

by Kobbia (1981) who st at ed that t he dominance of blue-greens in salt

marshes is most probably due to t he high t olerance of sa linity compared toot her species. And is not in agreement with Seenayya (1972) who Sta t ed t hat

blue-greens have high ability t o develop in ex t remely wide range of ecologi

ca l condit ions. The ability of numerous Species of blue-green algae to

f lourish under high salinity and t emperat ure variat ions had been Shown byL evandowsky (1972) and Shubert however t his does not apply t o bluegreen Species recorded in t he present work . Fogg et al. (1973) Showed

t hat t he halophilic blue-green algal Speies which can grow a t high salt con

cent rat ions are probably capable t o do so due to t heir prokryot ic organizat ion

and t he absence of large sap vacules. This may explain t he presence of Schizot hrix ca lcicola minu t a as a common Species in sample no . “ f rom lake Temsah.

Round (1973) and Abou El- Kheir and Mekkey (l 986b) St at ed t hat

sodi um is import ant for t he development of Cyanophyt aJ h is not In agreementwit h the present resu lt s, Since , samples no. 5 and 8 from lake Qarunand sample no . 3 from Ain El- S ira are t he richest samples in sodiumcont ent (t able however, Cyanophyt a is absent from these samples.

This may be due to high chlorides cont ent in t hese samples.

Comparing t he resu lt s obt ained here with t hose of Abou El- Kheirand Mekkey (l986a) from their work on the R iver Nile and it s derivat i veswhich have fresh wat ers, it may be said t hat algae are generally best

represent ed in fresh t hen brackish and finally marine wat ers. The det ails

of this comparison Show t hat Bacillariophyta occurs in all sources of

wat er, but is best represent ed in fresh wat er sources followed by marine

ones. W hile Cyanophyt a and Chlorphyt a are best represent ed in fresh

wat er sources, poorly represent ed in brackish and nearly absent in marineones.

SUMMARY

l 5l Species of algal t axa are recorded from t he t hree st udied lakesand the two Springs. Temperat ure , pH and chemical analysis for all sampleswere det ermined. Bacillariophyt a was found ima ll samples, Cyanophyta

and C hlorOphyt a in t he brackish ones and absent from t he high salty ones.

Xant hophyt a , Euglenophyt a , Phaeophyt a and Rhodophyt a are met W it h

but are q u it e few in number and not in all samples. Algal flora is generallybest represent ed in fresh wat ers followed by brackish then marine. BaCIl

1986 El - Kheir Mekkey , Al gal f l oras in Egypt 289

lariophyt a is more t olerant t o salinity than other algal groups. Salinityis a det ermining factor for the growth of algae especially Cyanophyt a

and Chlorophyt a . Two taxa are recorded new t o the alga l f lora of Egypt ,namely: Ter Sinoe americana (BacillarIOphyta) and Rhodochorton pu rpureum(Rhodophyt ag.

REFERENCES

Abdin, G 1948. Condit ion of growt h and periodicity of t he algal f lora

of Aswan Reservoir. Bu ll. of Fac. Sc. Cairo Univ . , - 176.

1954. Algal lit hophyt es of Aswan Reservoir Area . Bu ll.Inst . de Egypt

- 102 .

Abou El-Kheir, W .S., 1986. Change in t he dia t om f lora of lake Qarun

W i th t ime. A in Shams Sci. Bu ll. 28(accept ed).

of macrohydrophyt es and associat ed algae in variou s regions

in Egypt . l -El- Fayum region. Phyt ologia- 482 .

wat er sources from dif ferent regions in Egypt . l -R i ver Nile and

it s deri vat ives (submit t ed for publicat ion).

wat er sources from dif ferent regions in Egypt . 3. Dra ins and

Swamps (in preparat ion).Aleem, A .A . , 1958. A t axonomic and paleoecologica l Invest igat ion of

the diat om- f lora of t he ex t inct Fayum Lake (Upper Egypt ) B u ll.Fac. of Sc. Alex . Univ . , Vol. - 2 45 .

Angot , M . and Robert , G ., 1966. Hydrology and phyt oplankt on In surface

wat er at Nosy- Be in April 1965 . Cahorst an Ser. Oceanogr.

95- 136.

Ehrlich , A . , 1975 . The diat oms from t he surface sediment s of the Bardawu

lagoon (Nort hern S inai) paleoecologica l Signif icance. Nova HedW Igia ,

Beif f t .

El- Nayal , A .A 1935. Egypt ian fresh wat er a lgae . Bu11. Fac. Sc. No .

l4: 1- 106.

El- SaadaW I, W .E . , Badawi, A .A . , Shaaban, A .A . and El

Pleist ocene diat oms from El- Fayum. Proc. Egypt . Acad. SCI. ,- 263.

Fogg, G .E ., S t ewart , Fay, P . and W alsby, A .E .

, 1973 . The blu egreen algae Press, London and New York .

Gazzawi, F .M . , 1939. A St udy of t he S uez Canal plankt on, the phyt oplankton. Hydrob . and Fish- Direct orat e , Not es and MemOIreS No . 2 4 ,

EgymHume , W .E .

, 1906. The topography and geology of t he peninsu la of S inai(Sou t h east ern port ion) , Cairo , 1906 , 231- 2 33 .

Ilt is, A ., 1973. Algae of t he wat ers of t he kanon (Chad.) 2 CAHO . Rest o

mser Hydrobiol. 7(l ):2 5- 514.Kaleafah , A .F . , 1964. Ecology of algae in lake Mariu t . M .Sc. Thesis.

Fac. Sc. Alex . Univ .Kobbia , L .A .

, 1981. Seasonal variat ions of phytoplank ton in t he salt marshesof Egypt . J . Bot . Vol. 2a, No. 3: 153- 233.

Kolbe , R .W . , 1927. Z ur Okologie Morphologie und Syst emat ik der brackwassser- diatomeen die K iesselalgen des Sperberger salzgebiet s. Pf

lanzen forschung - 1146.

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Levandowsky, M 1972 . An ordinat ion cf phytoplank ton in ponds of varyingsa linity and t emperat ure. J . Ecol.

L und , 1965. The ecology of the fresh wat er phytoplankton. Biol.

Rev . liO:231- 293.

Nasr, A .H . , Hashim, M .A . and Aleem, A .A . , 1961 . The f lora of lake

Edku , wit h part icu lar reference to bent hic diat oms. B u ll. Fac.

Sc. Alex . Univ . , U .A .R .- 2 314.

Nosseir, M .A . and Abou El-Kheir, W .S. , I970a . Ef fect of dissolved nu trient son t he dist ribu t ion of algal f lora in select ed lakes of

l-Lake Qarun. Ann. Rev. Univ . Coll. Girls, Ain Shams Univ .No.

- 2 4.

1970 b . Ef fect of dissolved nut rient s

on the dist ribu t ion of algal flora in select ed lakes of

II- Lake Nasser. Ann. Rev. Univ . Coll. Girls Ain Shams Univ .No.

- 47.

Round , F .E . , 1973. The biology of algae. Edward Arnold. London.

Salah, M .M . , 1960. The phyt oplankton of lake Maruit and lake Edku with

a general cont ribut ion to t he Halobian Syst em. Hydrob . Dep. ,

Alex . Inst . Hydrob . Not es and Mem. No.- 15.

Seenayya , G 1972 . Ecologica l St udies in t he plankt on of cert ain fresh

wat er ponds of Hyderabad. India II Phyt oplankt on 2 .

Shaaban, A .S. , 1985. The algal f lora of Egypt ian Oases II- On the algae

of Siwa oasis. Proc. Egypt . Bot . Soc. ti , 1985 , l- 10.

and El- Habibi, A . 1978. The algal f lora of Egypt ian Oases. l The

algal f lora of Kharga oasis. Bu ll. Inst . Dest . 28, 1 .

El-Habibi, A . and El-Naggar, M .E . , 1983. Algal veget at ionof the Medit erranean coast of Egypt . J . Bot . , Vol. 2 4 , No. 3:

179- 190.

Shubert , L .E. 1976. Invest igat ion of the algal growt h pot ent ial of Devilslake. Nort h Dakot a USOI, B ureau of Reclamat ion Report , 150 pp.

W est , 1909. The algae of the Birket Qarun, Egypt . Journ. of Bot . Vol.

£47.

Zahlbruckner, A . 1900. Krypt ogamae exsiccat e cent uria X-XI Ann. der

K .K Nat urhistorischen Hofmuseums, XIX Band, W ien 1901; pp.

#02- 3.

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1986 El - Kheir Mekkey , Al gal f l oras in Egypt 293

Table Algal t axa dist ribu t ion in the samples t aken from lakes and

Springs: A .H . Ain Helwan, A .S . A in El—Sira , Q.F . QarunEl- Fayum, A .Sh. Abbasa El-Sharkia , T .IS. Temsah El- IsmailiaC Common, d dominant , p. predominant .

Algal t axa

[ 2 3 16 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13

Bacillariophyt a : C ent rales:

B iddu lphia polymorpha(Grun.)W olle2 Cyclot ella bodanica lemanenSis C .M .

3 C . comensis Grun.

Q. C . got hica A .C l .

5. C . meneghiniana genuma A .Cl.

6 C . meneghiniana plana Fricke7 C . ocellat a Pant .

8 MeIOSIra fennoscandica

granu lat a E .

granu lat a angust issima C .M .

Islandica typica A .C l.

Jurgensii bot hnica G run.

varians Ag.

dubia Kz .

15 . Paralia genuma A .C l.

16. P . su lcat a crenu lat a Grun.

17. TerpSInde americana (Bail) R .

18. Tricerat um ant ediluvianus (E .) G run.

19. T . ret icu lum f . t rigora

2 0. St ephanodiscus ast raea Niagarae

Penna les:

2 1 . Achanant hes brev ipes angust at abrev ipes Int ermedia Kz .

brev ipes ellipt ica C l.

brev ipes t ypica C l.coarct at a const rict a krass.

delicat ula genu ina A .C 1.

delica t ula

Schmidt iana K renn.

29. A . Sept at a linearis A .C l.

30. Amphiprora a lat a genuma A .C l.

3 1. A . paludosa punct u lat a Grun.

32 . Amphora acut iucscula Kz .

cof faeiformis borealiscof faeiformiseunot ic C l.

libyca typica A .C 1.

libyca typica A .C l.

t erroris E .

t urgida A .C l.

aC Illaria paradoxa Gmel.

5

3

3

3

3

3

3

NY‘

w

0

0

O

m0

O

0

294 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No. 5

Table (Cont )

AO. Cocconeis disculus minor Font .

01 . C . placent ula euglypt a (E. ) Gru n.

Q2 . C . placentula genu ina May43. C . placent ula int ermedia {HerécPefil-l ust .

1m. C . placent ula lineat a A .Cl.

45. C . scu t ellum Ehr.

Dent icula t enu is frigida

47. Diat oma elongat um subsalsum A .Cl.

ti8. Dimeregrama f u lva (Greg.)Ralfs09. D. minor nana

50. Diploneis ellipt ica genu ina f . minor5 1. Fragilaria capucina aret ica A .C l.

52 . F . vaucheriae genu ina53. F . vaucheriae gracilior

54. F . vireacene lanceola

55 . Gomphonema gracile int ricat iforme May56. G . lanceolat um insigne genuinum57. G . olivaceum t enellum Kz .

58. G . montanum genuina May59. G . parvulum exilissimum Grun.

60. Grammat ophora marina61. G . marina adrialica

62 . G . oceanica macilent a63. Gyrosigma acuminat um64. G . spencerii smit hii65. Licmorphora abbrev iata Ag.

66. L . ehrenbergii genuma A .Cl.

67. L . gracilis anglica (Kz .) Per.

68. L . t inct a nubecu la (Kz .) Grun.

69. Mastogloia smithii genu ina f . minor70. Nav icu la ambigua diminu t a71. N . ammophila genu ina A .C 1.

72 . N . avenaceae Breb .

73. N. crypt ocephala perminut a Grun.

714. N . Cryptocepha la Subsalina H ust .

75. N. jaagi Meist .

76. N . lanceolat a genu ina A .C l.

77. N. modica78. N . mu tata typica A .C l.

79. N . pupula genu ina Grun.

80. N. radiosa cuneat a81. N. Viridu la capit at a Mag.

82 . Nit zschia amphibia acut iuscula

83. N . apicu lata (Greg) Grun.

814. N . diSSIpret a genuma A .C l.

85. N. granu lata Grun.

86. Hant zschia genuma A .C l.

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296 P H Y T O L O G I Vol . 61 , No . 5

Tab le (Cont .)

1 2 3 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 ! 12 13

131. Ent eromorpha hexuosa pausirzschria132 . Mougeot ia Sp.

133. Spriogy a Sp.

134. Anabena const rict a

135 .Het erot hrix mUCIcola136. Lyngbya majuscula137. L . mart ensiana138. Oscillat oria amphibia

'

139. O . limosa140. O . okeni

141 . O . ornat a

142 . O . t enuis1443. Schizot hrix calcicola minu t a

Euglena oxyuris145. Phacus anomala146. P . curvicauda

Sant hoghyt a :

1147. Tribonema Sp.

Phaeophyt a

148. Ect ocarpus Sp.

149. Goniot ricium elegans

150. Polysiphonia Sp.

151 Rhodochorton purpureum

St rept opoq on rzedowski i sp. nov .

Angel es Ca§§enas S .

Inst i t ut o de’Bi ol ogi a , U. N. A. M.

Mexi co, D. F.

Di st inqui t ur ex mul t i s cl avat i s gemmi s haur i ent ib us

et ad cost am exsert am, et ad cost ae dorsum, et , raro,ad

caul es : et i am ex f ol i arum .cel l ul i s quae mul t as papi l l ae

habent : denique ex l ongi s l ev ib us cel l ul i s margini s .

St ems cyl indr i cal , wi t hout a di f f erent i at ed cent er ,s omet imes wi t h axi l l ary hair s . Leav es ob l ong, x mm.

short l y decurrent . Cost a prominent , wi t h 2 st ere id bands

and 3-h l arge gui de cel l s, percurrent t o excurrent , 75-85 ,n

at base , ar i st a somet imes about as l ong as t he l ami na .

Margin of smoot h, el onga t ed cel l s,subdent i cul at e (rarel y

serrat e ) in t he upper ha l f . Cel l s in upper l ami na 20- 22‘p

x 15- 22 .p, in mi d- l ami na 17- 20 (b ot h pl ur i

papi l l ose wi t h C- shaped papi l l ae ) , Basa l ce l l s hyal ine ,l ax , hexagonal , 55-70 x 10- 22

.p, wi t h smoot h wal l s .

Rhi zoi ds smoot h. Gemmae brown, of 6-10 cel l s , smoot h,at t ached t : t he ar i st a , t he back of t he cost a

, or somet imest o t he st em by 1 - 2 hyal ine cel l s l eav ing papi l l a

- l ike f rag

ment s when t he gemmae break l oose . Spor ophyt e unknown .

TYPE : Sobre humus , l ugares sombreados y h imedos .

Bosque de Pinus ha r t wegi i . 20 km de Amecameca ,N, §8

°37W w. Mexi co. A Cardenas 39h3, Nov i embre

21 , l 98h (t ype , MEXU; i sot ype ,TENN) .

di l l o M. f or assi st ance wi t h t he descr i pt i on and t he

i l l ust rat i ons ; and t o CONACYT f or f inanci al ass i st ance

under pr oject PCECBNA-OBOl Bh.

Fig. 1 - 7 St rept opogon rzedowski i Cardenas . l . Hab i t ,moi st . 2 . Propagul i f erous l eaves . 3 . Veget at ive l eaves .

h. Medi an l eaf ce l l s . 5. Upper l eaf cel l s . 6. Cross

sect i on of l eaf . 7. Gemmae . Fi g s . 1-3, scal e 1 mm.

wigs . u—7, Scal e mm.

298 P H Y T O L O G A Vol . 6l , N0 .

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300 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

Tab l e 1 : L i s t o f 3 7 t axa o f As t e r sensu l a t o i nc l uded

i n t he pr e s ent s t udy .

t a xa t a xa

1 . As t e r acr i s L . 2 8 . A . s agi t t i f o l i u s .

2 . A . acumi na t u s Mi ch x . Wedemyer f . h i r t e l l u s

3 . A . ad sce ndens l i nd l . ( L i nd 1 . ) Sh i nne r s .

4 . A . a l pi nu s L . 2 9 . A . s a l i ci f o l i us . Ai t .

5 . A . a l l a i cu s Wi l l d . 30 . A . s impl ex Wi l l d .

6 . A . ame l l us L . 3 1 . A . spec t r ab i l i s Ai t .

7 . A . b e l l i d i a s t r um Scopa . 32 . A . su ama t u s ( Spr e nge l )

8 . A .ch inens i s L . (-Cal l i s t ephus ) Hi e ron .

9 . A . c i ne r eu s k o t sch . 3 3 . A . subu l a t u s Mi ch x .

1 0 . A . cord i f o l i u s L . 34 . A . t e ne b r os us Burge s s

1 1 . A . d i v ar i ca t u s L . 3 5 . A . t r i po l i um L .

1 2 . A . e r i co i de s L . 36 . A . umb e l l a t u s Mi l l .

1 3 . A . L aev i s L . 3 7 . A . u ndu l a t u s L .

1 4 . A . l a t e r i f l oru s ( L . )

Br i t t .

1 5 . A . l i nosyr i s Be r nh .

1 6 . A . l ongi cau l i s De s f .

ex DC .

1 7 . A . l owr i e anu s Po r t e r .

1 8 . A . macr ophyl l u s L .

1 9 . A . nemor a l i s A i t .

2 0 . A . nov ae - a ngl i a e L .

2 1 . A . nov i - b e l gi i L .

2 2 . A . P a t ens A i t .

2 3 . A . pr e nant ho i de s muh l .

24 . A . punc t a t u s Wa l ds t

e t k i t .

2 5 . A . puni ceus L .

2 6 . A . r adu l a Ai t .

2 7 . A . s agi t t i f o l i u s We demye r .

l 986 Ahmed , Khaf agi , 8 El -Gazzar , St udies on Ast on 3oi

a number o f char ac t er s t a t e s , i t has been i nc l uded amongt he l i s t o f a t t r i bu t e s ( Tab l e 2 ) f ormi ng t he b as i s o f

t he i nt ended key . I t i s ev i dent f rom Tab l e 2 t ha t t he 4 1

char ac t er s have b een t ak en f rom such di ve r s i f i ed source s

as gr os s vege t a t i ve morpho l ogy , s t em ana t omy , epi derma lt r i chomes and me sophyl l s t ruc t ure o f t he ou t er i nvol ucral

b ract s and achene s , pappus t ype ,and t he d i s t r i b u t i on o f

epi de rma l t r i chome t ype s and f orms o f ca l c i um ox a l a t e

crys t a l s i n t he di f f erent par t s o f r ay f l owers ( RF ) and

d i sc f l owe r s (DF ) . The compar a t i ve recordi ng o f a l l

4 1 cha r ac t e r s f or e ach o f t he 3 7 As t er speci e s and inf ra

spec i f i c t axa i s gi ven i n T ab l e 3. A l t hough a l l char

ac t er s ar e e asy t o ob serve , some ar e i l l us t r a t ed i n

F i gs . 1 - 2 3 .

THE‘

KEY

Ther e f o l l ows a non- i nden t ed d i cho t omous k ey t o

t he 37 t axa o f As t e r u nder i nve s t i ga t i on . Th i s i s b y no

me ans i nt ended t o b e t he l as t wor d on t he i den t i f i ca t i on

o f a s t er s ,bu t me r e l y an e x ampl e o f how t o over come t he

seemi ngl y unsurmou n t ab l e i dent i f i ca t ory prob l ems imwflved

wi t h r e l a t i v e l y l arge as semb l age s o f spec i e s f r om t h i s

genus , t hrough t he cons i s t en t r ecor d i ng o f char ac t e r s i n

t he f a s h i on shown i n T ab l e 3 . Fu r t he rmore , t he da t a

ma t r i x pr e s ent e d i n T ab l e 3 i s a pe rmanent r ecord o f t he

spe ci e s and t he i r ch ar ac t er s . Such da t a - ma t r i x can b e

e as i l y e xpanded t o cov e r a much wi der r ange o f charact ers

and / or spe ci e s . The f o l l owi ng k ey h as bee n synt he s i zed

manua l l y ,bu t t he da t a- ma t r i x on wh i ch t he k ey i s b as ed

may a l so b e sub j ec t ed t o some o f t he compu t e r progr amme sde s i gned f or k ey cons t r uc t i on , t hu s s av i ng t he gr e a t e r

par t o f t he t ime and e f f or t e xpende d on t he proce s s .

302 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 5

T ab l e 2 : L i s t o f 4 1 ch ar ac t er s r ecorded compar a t i ve l yf or 3 7 t ax a o f As t er sensu l a t o . Symbo l s or

s er i a l numbe r s ar e as s i gned t o char ac t e r - s t a t e s and us ed

t o deno t e t hem i n t he da t a -ma t r i x ( i n Tab l e a

ch ar ac t e r - s t a t e i s mi s s i ng or i nappl i cab l e .

S t em Pre sent ab sent ( dwar f )

Sch i s zogenous cana l s i n cor t e x , pr e s ent

ab s ent ( i nappl i cab l e i f s t emab sent ) .

sch i zogenous cana l s i n phl oem, pr es ent

ab s ent ( i nappl i cab l e i f s t emab sent ) .

pi t h so l i d ho l l ow ( i nappl i cab l ei f s t em ab sent ) .

pi t h par enchyma t ous l i gni f i ed

( i nappl i cab l e i f s t em ab sent ) .

I ndume nt um: gl abrou s grey- cane scent

Le ave s margi n e nt i r e no t so

pe t i o l a t e 1 / se s s i l e 2 / decur r ent 3 .

l engt h / b re ad t h r a t i o o f b l ade ( L / Br a t i o ) .

ape x acu t e 1 / acumi na t e 2 / ob t use 3 .

Br ac t s one - ner ved many- ne rv edv e i n ( s ) b r anched unb r anched

f i bre s i n me sophyl l a bundan t + / f ew or

ab sent

gl andu l ar ha i r s pr esent + / ab sent

egl andu l ar ha i r s pr e sent + / ab sent

appendaged ha i r s pr e sent a b sen t

ent angl ed h a i r s pr esent + / ab sent

Capi t u l a so l i t ary t e rmi na l + / i n aggr ega t e s

corymbo se o t he rwi se ( i nappl i cab l e

i f so l i t ar y t ermi na l

Pappu s apex 2 - ce l l ed more t han 2 - ce l l ed

Ray f l ower s

gl andu l ar ha i r s on pe t a l s pr e s ent

a b sent

egl andu l ar ha i r s on pe t a l s pr e sent

ab sent

gl andu l ar ha i r s on achene pr esent

ab sent

egl andu l ar b i ser i a t e ha i r s on achene

pr e s ent ab sent

rose t t e crys t a l s i n t e s t a pr e se nt

ab sent

pi r sma t i c crys t a l s i n t e s t a pres ent

ab sent

ros e t t e crys t a l s i n achene pr e sent

ab sent

pr i sma t i c crys t a l s i n achene pres ent

ab sent

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304 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A

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l 986 Ahmed , Khaf agi , El -Gazzar ,S t udies on Asi an 305

F ias . 1 6 Mo rph0 1 0 9 y o f o u t e r invo lu c ra l

b ract s F igs - 1 - 3 o n e - n e rve d ; F ig S 4 - 6 ,

ma ny - n e rv e d ; F igs . p a t c h e s o f

fi b re s n me s o ph y l

7

Figs . 7 &8 Pappu s Ha irs . FI9 3 . 9 - 11 Pe t a l Ha irs .

F ig - 7 , 2 - c e l le d a pe x ; F ig s . 9 & 10 , e g l a nd u la r .

F ig . 8 , ma ny_ce | led a pex . F ig . 1 1 , g l a ndu l a r .

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308 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

1 3 . A l l achene s wi t h egl andu l ar b i ser i a t e

h a i r s A Q acumi na t u s

No egl andu l ar b i s e r i a t e h a i r s on

achene s

1 4 . L / B r a t i o o f l e av e s 1 7 or mor eL / B r a t i o 1 1 or l e s s ( 1 3 i n

A .

1 5 . Br ac t s wi t h 1 s impl e ve i n , f i b r e s and

appendaged ha i r s ; ant her s aur i c l ed ;r os e t t e s i n ache ne and s t yl e o f D. F . . A . e r i co i de s

Br ac t s wi t h many b r anched v e i ns,

no

f i b r e s and no appendaged ha i r s ; anUE r s

no t aur i c l ed ; no r ose t t e s i n achene

a nd s t yl e o f B . P . A. l i nosyr i s

1 6 . pl an t S t eml e s s A.

st em pre se nt

1 7 . L e av e s conspi cuou s l y pe t i o l ed

L e av e s s e s s i l e or d ecur r en t

1 8 . P appu s ape x 2 - ce l l ed ; r ose t t e s i n

t e s t a ; r o se t t e s and pr i sma t i cs i n

s t yl e o f R . F . A . l owr i ea nu s

P appus ape x co- ce l l ed ; no r ose t t e s i n

t e s t a ; no crys t a l s i n s t yl e o f

1 9 . Ro s e t t e cr ys t a l s i n a l l achene s,

and

i n s t yl e o f R . F .

Ro se t t e s ab se n t i n t he s ame A . undu l a t u s

2 0 . Ant he r s aur i c l ed ; pr i sma t i cs i n

achene s

An t her s no t aur i c l ed ; no pr i sma t i csi n ache ne s

2 1 . An t he r s aur i c l ed

An t he r s no t au r i c l ed

2 2 . G l andu l ar h a i r s on pe t a l s and ache ne s

ab sen t ,no pr i sma t i cs i n s t yl e A . r adu l a

Gl andu l ar ha i r s on pe t a l s and achene s

pre s e nt ; pr i sma t i cs i n s t yl e pr esent .

2 3 . P appu s ape x 2 - ce l l ed ; b r ac t s wi t hou t

gl andU l a l’ ha i r s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Pappu s ape x cc- ce l l ed ; b r ac t s wi t h

gl andu l a r h a i r s

l 986

24 .

2 5 .

2 6 .

2 7 .

2 8 .

3 1 .

32 .

3S .

Ahmed , Khafagi , 8 El -Gazzar , St udies on Asi an

Lea f -margi n e nt i r e ; b r act wi t h b r anched

ve i n and no f i b r e s

Lea f -margi n dent a t e ; b r ac t wi t h s impl eve i n and f i b r e s

L / B r a t i o 2 ; pi t h l i gni f i ed

L / B r a t i o 7 or mor e ; pi t h

par enchyma t ous

L e a f - margi n dent a t e ; no r ose t t e s i n

a c h e ne pr i sma t i cs i n s t yl e pr e sen t

Le a f - margi n ent i r e ; ros e t t e s i n adnene

pr e s ent ; no pr i sma t i cs i n

Capi t u l a i n corymbos e

Capi t u l a no t cor ymbos e

L e a f —margi n dent at e ; no canal s in s t emL e a f - ma rgi n e nt i r e ; cana l s i n cor t e x .

Br ac t s l - ne r v ed wi t h f i b re s,gl andu l ar

and appendaged ha i r s ab s e n t on b r ac t s

and pe t a l s ; pappu s apex co

Br ac t s co- ne rv ed and no f i b re s ,

gl andu l ar and appe ndaged h a i r s on

b r ac t s ; pe t a l s wi t h gl andu l ar h a i r s ;

pappu s ape x 2 - ce l l ed

Pappu s ape x OD- C e l l ed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

pappu s ape x 2 - C 8 1 1 6 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ca na l s i n cor t e x pr e s e nt ; pi t h

l i gni f i ed ,b r ac t s wi t h gl andu l ar h a i r s

No cana l s i n s t em; pi t h parenchymat ous ;b r ac t s wi t hou t g l andu l ar

Br ac t s wi t h g l andu l ar h a i r s

Br ac t s wi t hou t gl andu l ar h a i r s

L / B r a t i o o f l e a f 1 2 or more, pe t a l s

wi t hou t gl and . ha i r s ; no cana l s i n

ph l oem; pi t h l i gni f i ed

L / B r a t i o o f l e a f l e s s t h an 7 ; pe t a l s

wi t h gl and . h a i r s ; ca na l s i n ph l oem;

pi t h par e nchyma t ou s

Le a f - ape x acu t e ; b r ac t s wi t h f i br e s . .

L e a f - apex ob t u se ; f i b r e s

L e a f - margi n en t i r e ; r os e t t e s i n s t yl e

O f R . F .

Le a f - margi n den t a t e ; no ros e t t e s i n

s t y1 e O f R . F .

309

A. nov i - belgu

A. sal ici f ol i us

A .

A .

A .

A .

A .

acr i s

adsayxbms

pu nc t a t u s

sub u l a t u s

l ae v i s

310 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No . 5

36 . L / B 3 ; pr i smat i cs in t es t a , achene s tyl e . A. l at eri f l orus

L/B rose t t es in t es t a , achene styl e . A. puniceus

L ITERATURE CI TED

Be n t ham, G . and Hook er , J . D. Ge ne r a P l ant arum,

I I . Re ev e , London .

De Cando l l e ,A . R . Pr odromus Sys t ema t i s Regni

Vege t ab i l i s . V . Par i s .

Fe rna l d ,M . L . Gr ay

's Manua l o f Bo t any ,

e d . 8 .

Ame r i can Book Co . ,New York .

Ho f f mann , O . Compos i t ae , i n A . Engl er and K .

Pr ant l 's ( eds . ) Di e na t u r l i chen P f l anzenf ami l i en

,

Me r xmu l l er , H Schr e i b er ,A . and Yeo , P . F .

As t e r L . , i n T . G . Tu t i n e t a l ( eds . ) F l or a Eunxxma ,

4 . Camb r i dge Uni v . Pr e s s , Camb r i dge .

Munz,P . A . A Ca l i f or ni a F l or a . Uni v . o f Ca l i

f or ni a Pr e s s , U . S . A .

L i nd l ey ,J . T he Vege t ab l e K i ngdom, ed . 3 .

Br adb u ry and Ev ans,L ondon .

L i ppe r t ,w. Rev i s i on de r Ga t t ung As t er i n Afl fika .

Mi t t . Bo t . S t aa t s s amm. Munchen,1 1 : 553- 2 58 .

L i pper t ,w. As t e r L . ,

i n J . Gr au and w. L i ppe r t's

t he Compos i t ae o f t he F l or a Z amb e s i aca a r e a .

I I As t er acea e ( con t i nu ed ) .- 14 .

Romme l,A . Di e Ga t t ung Ame l l us L . (As t er ace ae

As t e r e a e ) . Sys t ema t i s cher Te i l . Mi t t . Bo t .

S t a a t s s amm. Munchen, 13 : 5 79- 72 8 .

Romme l,A . Di e Ga t t ung Ame l l us L . (As t e r ace ae

As t e r e ae ) . Al l geme i ne r Te i l . Mi t t . Bo t . S t a a t s s amm.

Munche n ,1 5 : 2 4 3- 32 9 .

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312 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

mo st l y 4 t o 6 mm, a l t erna t e t o opposi t e , cl ose l y spa ced a t i nt er

va l s of approxima t e l y mm, essent i a l l y st ra i ght and pa ra l l el ,

j oi ning su t u ra l veins a t approxima t el y equa l i nt erva l s ; t ert i a ri es

most l y undi v i ded bu t occa si ona l l y di chot omi zi ng once , mo st commonl y

t owa rd l ea f ma rgi n s and u sua l l y occurring short l y b eyond t he poi nt

of depart ure f rom t he seconda ry ; t ert i a ri es never ana st omo si ng or

f a sci cu l a t e . S u t u ra l ve ins del i ca t e , one depart i ng immedi a t el ya b ov e ea ch seconda ry and b i sect i ng t he angl e b et ween t he seconda ry

a nd prima ry, a rch i ng ou t wa rd, t hen f ol l owi ng a st ra i gh t cour sepa ra l l el t o and ha l fway b e t ween t he t wo adjacent seconda ri es , and

t ermi na t i ng undi v i ded a t t he margi n in a s i nu s or margina l con

cav i t y. Those t ert i a r i es prox ima l t o a s u t u ra l vei n a re deri ved

f rom a seconda ry v ein ; t he f i r st f ew di st a l t ert i a r i es a re der i vedf rom t he primary vei n and a re s ucceeded by t ert i a r i es of seconda ry

or i gi n .

Hol ot ype : USNM 41 776, Pa l eobot ani ca l col l ect i ons of t he U . S .

Na t i ona l Mu se um; Read and Mamay, 1 964 , pl . 1 9, f i g . 2 .

Pa ra t ype s : USNM 4 0602 1 - 406027 .

Geograph i c, s t ra t i graphi c source of t ype specimens : Qua rry on

C . 0 . Pa t t erson propert y 6 mi . SW of Lawn, sout hern part of Tayl or

Co . ,Texa s ; SW %5 S . 436 of M . P . King S u rvey . Sha l e in t he l ower

pa rt of t he Va l e F orma t i on , Cl ea r F ork Group, Leona rdi an Seri es ,L ower Permi an .

Der i va t i on of name : The speci f i c name ref ers t o E . L .

Yoche l son , who f ound t he hol ot ype .

Comment s : The presence of a s u t u ra l ve i n in a syst em ot herwi se

ent a i l i ng t hree orders of vena t i on, t he simpl i ci t y and cl ose spaci ng

o f t h e t ert i a ry v e ins , and t he l ong, very narrow meshes b et ween t he

t ert i a ri es a re cha ract eri st i cs of Ca t haysi opt eri s yochel soni i t ha t

c l ose l y resemb l e t he vena t i on of Q, whi t e i (Ha l l e ) Koi dzumi f rom

t he L ower Permi an of Chi na and J apan, ori gi na l l y de scr i b ed byHa l l e (1 927 ) a s Gi gant opt eri s wh i t ei ; t hese resemb l ances excl udea l l ot her gi gant opt eri daceou s speci es f rom compa ra t i ve consi der

a t i on . The t wo speci e s a re di st i ngu i shed f rom each ot her , howe v er ,by t he f ol l owing di f f erences i n vena t i on : t heseconda ry v eins of C.

yoche l soni i pers i st wi t hou t di v i di ng, t o t he l ea f margin , wh i l e

t hose of g, whi t ei l ose t hei r i dent i t y a short di st ance f rom t he

ma rgi n by di v i di ng i nt o severa l f i ne, f ork i ng vei nl e t s t ha t con

t i nue t o t he ma rgi n ; t he seconda ry veins of g, yoche l soni i crea t e

angl es of 30 t o 80 degrees wi t h t he prima r i es, whi l e t hose of C .

wh i t ei a re most l y perpendi cu l a r ; angl es of depart ure of t he t ert i

a ri es mea s u re f rom 50 t o 75 degrees i n g, yoche l soni i , but t hey are

on l y 30 degrees or so i n C . whi t ei ; in _g. yochel soni i each su t ura lv ei n or i gi na t es immedi a t e l y above t he poi nt of ori gi n of t he sub

ja cent seconda ry, bu t in Q, whi t ei t he s u t ura l veins ori gina t e

mi dway b e t ween adjacen t seconda ri es .

1986 Mamay , New species of GiganIOpxeni daceae 313

Because of t he l imi t ed and f ragment a ry na t ure of ava i l ab l e

mat eri a l of t hese speci es , a sa t i sf act ory comparat i ve apprai sa l of

t hei r gross l ea f a rchi t ect ure i s not possi b l e . The probab i l i t y

ex i st s, however , t ha t t wo f undament a l l y di f f erent l ea f f orms a re

represent ed by t he f ossi l s . The Texa s specimens a re a l l i ncompl et e

bu t t he bet t er specimens s uggest t he di chot omou s l y di v i ded l ami na

of an ot herwi se undi ssect ed l ea f ; one specimen of C . whi t ei , on t he

ot her hand, i s pinna t el y compound (A sama , 1 959, p.

ZEI LLEROPTERI S WATTI I Mamay, n . sp.

Gi ggnt ogt er i s new speci es A . Read and Mamay, 19 64 , p. K1 5,

pl . 1 9 , f i g. 1 .

Speci f i c di agnosi s : Leaves l a rge ( t o 32 cm l ong, 2 7 cmwi de ) ,

pe t i ol a t e, di chot omou sl y di vi ded ; t he t wo l ami na r l obes broad, oh

l ong, of equa l l engt h ( t o 2 5 cm above t he poi nt of di v i si on of t he

mi dri b ) , t o 1 3 cmwi de a t t he broadest poi nt , wi t h b ot h si des equa l

l y devel oped ; ma rgins very sha l l owl y si nuou s or crena t e wi t h

s i n u ses 7 t o 2 5 mmt apa rt ; api ces of t he l obes acu t e wi t h rounded

t i ps ; l ea f ba ses rounded . Pet i ol e short , st ou t ( t o 6 mmwi de ) .

Veins pi nna t e , i n f our orders . Mi dri b st ou t , t o 6 mm wi de,f orki ng

once , approx ima t e l y 5 cm above t he l ami na r ba se ; di v i si ons of t he

mi dri b (prima ry vei ns ) st out , sepa ra t i ng a t an a cu t e angl e (app.

50 degrees ) , sl i ght l y b ent admedi a l l y f or a short di st ance above

t he poi nt of di v i si on, ea ch ex t endi ng t o t he t i p of a l ami na r l obe .

Seconda ry veins st ou t , opposi t e t o a l t erna t e , a ri si ng t o cm

apa rt , na rrowl y decurrent f or a short di st ance f rom t he primary,t hen bendi ng sha rpl y ou t wa rd, proceedi ng undi v i ded i n a st ra i gh t

co ur se t o t he l ami na r ma rgi n and u s ua l l y t ermi na t i ng a t t he con

vex i t y of a crema t i on ; ba sa l seconda ri es s l i ght l y ob t u se , t he

angl es of depa r t ure decrea si ng di s t a l l y t o approxima t el y 50 de

grees ; seconda r i es para l l el nea r t he pr imar i es , b ecomi ng more di s

t a nt t owa rd t he ma rgins . T ert ia ry vei n s de l i ca t e , a ri si ng f rom

b ot h si des of t he seconda r i es or di rect l y f rom t he pri mari es , t hose

of seconda ry ori gi n na rrowl y decurrent , t hen descri b i ng angl es of

60 t o 80 degree s , t hose of primary ori gi n pe rpendi cu l a r t o s l i ght

l y ob t u se ; t er t i ari es a l t erna t e t o Oppo si t e , t o 1 cm l ong, most l y3 t o 7 mm, spaced 3 t o 6 mm apa rt , s l i ght l y curved t oward l ea f

apex , para l l el , b ecomi ng di v i ded t owa rd ends i nt o severa l q ua t ernary veins t ha t di chot omi ze spa ri ngl y, f u se wi t h simi l a r vei ns f rom

adjacent and opposing t ert i a ri es or joi n a weak l y devel oped, zi gzagi nt er seconda ry s u t ura l vein t o f orm sma l l

, na rrow, t ri angu l a r t o

pol ygona l me shes . Qua t erna ry vei ns most l y l ess t han 2 mm l ong,

spaced t o mm apa rt , f ormi ng angl es of 35 t o 70 degrees ;

qua t ernari es di chot omi zi ng spa ri ngl y, ana st omosi ng rare l y; t i ps of

u l t imat e vei nl et s meet i ng t hose f rom t he adjacent t ert ia ry or f rom

t ert i a ri es of pr ima ry or i gin a t a zi gzag, weak or nea rl y obscu rei nt ert ert i ary su t u ra l vei n, f ormi ng many narrow, t r iangu l ar

t o po l ygona l meshes . S u t u ra l veins genera l l y l ess rob u stt han t he qua t erna ri es ; one i nt ert ert i a ry su t ura l vei n depart ing

314 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

di rect l y above each t ert i a ry, bi sect i ng t he angl e b et ween t he t ert i

a ry and secondary, a rchi ng ou t wa rd, and j oining t he int er seconda ry

s u t ura l v ein .

Hol ot ype : USNM 41 775 , Pa l eobo t a ni ca l col l ect i ons of t he U . S .

Na t i ona l Mu seum; Read and Mamay, 1 964 , pl . 1 9 , f i g. 1 .

Pa ra t ype s : USNM 40 602 8- 40 6032 .

Geograph i c, st ra t i graphi c source of t ype specimens : Ol d roadcut

2 2 5 ya rds we st of Hi ghway 1 83- 2 83 , mi . sou t h of Lake Kempspi l lway, 6 mi . nort h of Mabel l e, Bayl or Co . ,

T exa s . Si l t st one in

upper part of t he L ueder s L imest one, Wi chi t a Group, L eona rdi an

Seri es, L ower Permi an .

Deri va t i on of name : The speci f i c name ref ers t o .A .D. Wa t t , who

f ound t he hol ot ype .

Comment s : W i t h i t s f our orders of vena t i on and bot h i nt er

seconda ry and i nt ert ert i a ry s u t u ra l v ei ns , t he T exa s ma t er ia l i s

cl ear l y ref erab l e t o t he gen u s Z ei l l eropger i s , propo sed by Koi dzumi

( 1 93 6) in hi s a rt i cl e descri b i ng t he f ami l y Gi gant opt eri dacea e . The

t ype speci es , 2 , zypna nensi s Koi dzumi , and Z , zgj i a ensi s (Huang) L i

and Ya o ( 1 983 ) a re t he onl y prev i ou s l y named speci es of t hi s gen u s ;bot h a re f rom t he Permi an of Ch ina . Z ei l l eropt er i s wa t t i i cl ose l y

resemb l es t he Chi ne se speci es , and onl y mi nor di f f erences a re ap

parent in t he vena t i on pa t t erns . The t ype specimen of g, zgggggr

ensi s , f i rst i l l u st ra t ed by Z ei l l er ( 1 907, f i g. 1 5, 1 5a ) , ha s

nei t her mi dr i b nor margi n, and shows onl y a sma l l a rea of t he l ea f ,

b ounded by part s of f our seconda ry veins . The su t ura l veins a re

v i si b l e, however , and t hey appear t o be st ra i ght , whi l e t hose of Z .

wa t t i i a re zi gzagged ; addi t i ona l l y, t he meshes of g, yggnanensi s

a re na rrower and di rect ed f orwa rd a t na rrower angl es t han t hose of

Z , wa t t i i . Z , ygj ia en si s , ori gi na l l y descri bed by H uang ( 1 980, p.

558, f i g. 37 ) a s Gi ggnt onocl ea ygj ia ensi s , a l so di f f ers f rom Z

wa t t i i in having st ra i ght or onl y weak l y curved s u t ura l vei ns i n

cont ra st t o t he zi gzag pa t t ern i n Z . wa t t i i . F urt her , Huang i l l u st ra t ed a nea rl y compl et e l ea f , showi ng a l a rge , undi v i ded l ami na

wi t h i rregu l ar l y l obed margi ns . Thi s i s i n marked cont ra st t o t he

di chot omou s l ea f f orm of g, wa t t i i , best seen i n USNM 40602 8.

Recogni t i on of t he new t axa Ca t haysi opger i s yoche l soni i and

Z e i l l eropgeri s wa t t i i prov i des a S i gni f i cant po i nt of generi c com

pa ri sons be t ween t he Permi an f l ora s of Nort h Ameri ca and. A sia . The

presence of t he di st i nct i ve vena t i on pa t t ern s of Ca t haysi opgeri sa nd Z e i l l eropt er i s i n s uch di st ant l y sepa ra t ed regi ons i s phyt o

geographi ca l l y not ewort hy. However , t he se S i mi l a r i t i es a re not

pa ra l l el ed i n di st ri b u t i on of gross l ea f morphol ogi es . Compound

l eaves ha ve not been f ound i n t he Amer i can gi gant opt eri ds . Thei r

1 eaves . are undi v i ded, a s in De l nort ea abbot t i i Mamay, Mi l l er ,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

NOTES ON THE GENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . XXVI I I

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Burm.

Addi t ional emended bi bl iogr aphy : Kaempf er , Amoen. Exot . 861 .

1712 : Thunb Fl . Iap. , imo. l , 255 - 257 . 1784 ; Lour . , F1 . Cochinch

ed . 1 , imp. l , 2 : 387 - 389 704 . 1790 ; Banks , Sel ect . Pl . Kaempf .pl . 58 . 1791 ; Jacq . , Icon. P1 . Rar . 3 7 , pl . 500 . 1792 ; Rot t l

Gesel l . Nat urforsch. Freunde Berl . , Neue Schr i f t . 4 : 203 . 1803 ;Bl ume , Bijdr . , Fl . Ned . Ind . 14 : 807 - 812 . 1826 ; Loi sel .

-Deslong. ,

Herb . Gen. Amat . 8 : pl . 519 . 1827 ; Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 2

322 . 1827 ; Reider , Ann. Bl umist . 8 : pl . 1832 ; Decai sne , Nouv .

Ann. Mus , Hi s t . Nat . Par i s 3 : 399 - 400 . 1834 ; Loi sel .- Desl ong

Herb . Amat . 8 : pl . 519 . 1835 ; Hook . Arn. , Bot . Beech . Voy . , imp.

l , 263 268 . 1838 ; D. Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 3 : 613 616 . 1842 ; Morr . ,

Ann. Soc . Roy . Agr . Bot . Gand . 1 : [ l 7J - 20 , pl . 3 . 1848 ; S ieb .

Zucc . , Abhand1 . Akad . Muench . Met h.- Phys . 4 (3) [ F1 . Jap. Fam. Nat .

153 - 154 234 - 235 . 1846 ; Regal . Gart enf l . 5 : 1 25 , [ 353 ]pl . 178 . 1856 ; Miq. , F1 . Ned . Ind . S uppl . S umat ra 568 .

1860 ; C . Muel l . in Wal p. , Ann. Bot . Sys t . 5 : 710 - 712 . 1860 ; w. J .

Hook . , C urt i s Bot . Mag. 88 [ ser . 3 , pl . 5294 5313 . 1862 ;Bocq. , Adansonia , ser . 1 [ Bail l . , Rec . Observ . Bot . I4 , 40 , 94 ,

120 , 180 , 183 , 184 , 213 - 217 , 224 - 226 . 1863 ; Miq. , Prol .

Fl . Jap. 31 . 1865 ; Niq. , Ann . Mus . Lugd .- Bat . 2 : 299 . 1866 ; Hance ,

Journ . Bot . Bri t . 17 [ ser . 2 , I3 . 1879 ; Baines , Garden Lond . 19

453 -4S4 . 1881 ; Vat ke , Linnaea 43 : 537 . 1882 ; Mat sum. ,Gakugei- s irin14 : 465 . 1884 ; Nichol son, I l l u s t . Dict . Gard . 2 : 341 . 1887 ; J . 6 .

Baker , Jou rn. Linn. Soc . Lond. Bot . 25 : 321 - 322 . 1890 ; N. N.

Garden Lond . 42 : 94 562 - 563 , pl . 868 889 . 1892 ; Pynaert , Rev .

Hort . Bel g. 22 : 252 , 253 , 284 , 287. 1896 ; Sol ered. , Sys t . Anat .

Dicot . 711 - 715 , f ig. 151 C D. 1899 ; Diel s , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 29

549 - 550 . 1900 ; Engl . , Bot . Jahrb . 28 : 465 - 466 . 1900 ; Gurke , Engl .

Bot . Jahrb . 28 : l 76 - 177 , 192 , [ Z9IJ - 305 . 1900 ; Dewi l d. , Ann.

Mus . Congo Bot . , ser . 4 , 1 : [ Et ud . P1 . Kat ang. J 117 - 120 , pl . 37

38 . 1903 ; Dewi l d . , Syl l . Fl . Congol . 439 . 1909 ; Nakai , F1 . Korea 2136. 1911 ; Lévei l l é, F1 . Kouy-Tchéou 442 . 1915 ; Rehd . in Sarg. , P1 .

Nil s . 3 : 375 - 377. 1916 ; Rodger in Lace , Li s t Trees Shru bs Burma .

ed . 2 , 122 , l 32 - 133 , 203 . 1922 ; Haines , Bot . Bihar Ori s sa , ed . 1 ,

6 : 720 - 722 . 1924 ; Sakag. , Gen. Ind. Fl . Okin. 18 . 1924 ; Neal , In

Honol u l u Gard . 270 , 271 , 273 - 297, f ig. 59e . 1928 ; S t amey in La

brun, Bul l . Agr . Congo Bel ge 25 : 425 . 1934 ; J u l iano Guerrero ,

Phil ip. Agr . 24 : 22 - 26 . 1935 ; Madrid Moreno , Decl ar . Virt . Arb . Pl .

131 , 132 , 174 . 1936 ; Hu , Bu l l . Fan Mem. Ins t . Biol . Bot . 8 : 354 .

1938 ; Mold . in Pu l l e , Fl . S u rin. 4 313 - 321 . 1938 ; Hol t huis

Lam, Bl umea 5 : 103 - 120 153 . 1942 ; Lam Meeuse in Hol t huis Lam,

Bl umea 5 : 226 235 - 236 . 1942 ; Meeuse , Bl umea 5 : 74 - 77. 1942 ;Fang, Icon. P1 . Omiens . l pl . 69 . 1944 ; Li , Journ. Arnol d Arb .

25 : 315 , 426 - 427, 507 . 1944 ; Bowden, Amer . Jou rn. Bot . 32 : 195 ,

316

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl cnodendnum 317

198 , 199 , f ig. 203 204 . 1945 ; E. D. Merr . , Chron. Bot . 10 : 256 ,

269 , 341 . 1946 ; P'ei , Bot . Bu l l . Acad . Sin. 1 : 5 6 . 1947 ; w.

Robyns , F . Sperm. Parc Nat . Al bert 2 : I4O - 147, pl . 14 . 1947 ; Mat uda , Amer . Midl . Nat . 44 : 576 675 . 1950 ; Ouisumb Phi l ip. Dept .

Agr . Tech. Bu l l . 16 : 787 - 789, 1045 , 1208 . 1951 ; S t el l f eld , Tr i b .

Farmac . 19 170 . 1951 ; Snowden, Gras s Comm. Mt n. Veg. Uganda

20 , 24 , 54 , 60 , 94 . 1953 ; Hocking, Dict . Terms Pharmacog. , ed . 1 ,

53 . 1955 ; Masamune , Sci . Rep. Kanazawa Univ . 4 : [ Enum. Trach. J 4950 . 1955 ; J . K . Jacks . , Journ. Ecol . 44 : 350 , 363 , 363 , 365 - 367 .

1956 ; Synge in Chi t t enden, Roy . Hort . Soc . Dict . Gard . , ed . 2 , l : 96

504 - 506 . 1956 ; Angely , Fl . Paran . 7 : 4 , 6 , 11 . 1957 ; D. B.

Hargreaves , Hawai i . 810 5 5 . 27 . 1958 ; Angely , Fl . Paran 16 : 45 . 1964 ;D. B. Hargreaves , Tr0 p. Bl oss . Fl a . 29 . 1960 ; Angely , Fl . Paran .

17 : 46 . 1961 ; Townsend , Excerpt . Bot . A. 3 : 127 . 1961 ; Harl er , Gard .

Pl ains , ed . 4 , 23 , 1 59 , 167 , 453 . 1962 ; F . Whi t e Angu s , For . Fl .

Nort h . Rhodes . 365 - [ 369J, f ig. 65 . 1962 ; Hara al . , Spring Fl .

S ikkim Himal . 129 , pl . 221 . 1963 ; Angely , Bi bl . Veg. Paran. 253 .

1964 ; Burki l l , Dict . Econ. Prod . Mal ay Penins . , imp. 2 , l : 585

589 - 594 . 1965 ; Hook . Arn . , Bot . Beech . Voy . , imp. 2 [ CramerSwan, Hi s t . Nat . Cl as s . 205 , 263 , 268 . 1965 ; J . A . Hu t chinson, Journ. Tangan. Soc . 64 : 105 . 1965 ; Niel sen, Int rod . Fl ow. Pl .

w. Af r . 162 164 . 1965 ; Ohwi , Fl . Jap. 765 . 1965 ; Hocking, Excerpt .

Bot . A. l l : 103 . 1966 ; Maheshwar i , Taxon 15 : 43 - 44 . 1966 ; Mahes hwar i Chakrabart y , Phyt omorph. 16 : 75 -80 . 1966 ; Mol d . , Biol . Ab

st r . 47 : 6794 . 1966 ; Anon. , Ind . Bibl . Bot . Tr0p. 4 53 . 1 967 ;

Gl over , Gl os s . Bot . Kipsig. Names , ed . 1 , 158 . 1967 ; Pal Kri s hnamurt hi , Fl ow. Shru bs 29 - 30 1 34 - I3S . 1967 ; Sant apau , Rec . Bot .

S urv . India 16 : 215 . 1967 ; Wes t ra , Excerpt . Bot . A. l l : 500 . 1967 ;Anon. , Biol . Abs t r . 49 S . 36 . 1968 ; Maheshwari , Biol . Abs t r . 49

3251 . 1968 ; Pat el , Fl . Mel ghat 267 - 269 . 1968 ; Corner Wat anabe ,

I l l u s t . Gu ide Tr0p. Pl . 754 - 758 . 1969 ; Gl over , S t ewart , Fumert on,

Mar indany, Anderson, Gl os s . Bot . Kipsig Names , ed . 2 , 232 , 259 ,

264 . 1 969; Saxena , Bul l . Bot . S urv . India 12 : 56 . 1970 ; SharmaGhos h , Bu l l . Bot . Soc . Beng. 24 : 53 . 1970 ; Van St eenis- Kruseman , F1 .

Mal es . Bu l l . 5 : Ind. i i . 1970 ; J . K . Jacks . in Eyre , Worl d Veget .

Types 94 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 100 . 1971 ; Anon. , Biol . Abs t r . 54 B.A.

S . I . C . 1972 ; Lewal l e , Bul l . Jard . Bot . Nat . Bel g. 42 [ Trav .

Univ . Of f . BUJumb . Fac . Sci . C. 20 ] : 60 , 61 , 76 , 98 , 128 , 137 ,

[ 230 ] 1972 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 23 : 315 . 1972 ; Rou l eau , TaxonInd . l : 92 . 1972 ; V. H. S ingh, Journ. Bomb Nat . Hi s t . Soc . 69

356 . 1972 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 23 : 291 292 . 1974 ; Howes , Dict .

Usef u l P1 . 40 , 59, 62 , 170 , 266 . 1974 ; Anon. , Roy . Bot . Gard . Kew

Li br . Cu rr . Awaren Li s t 6 : 26. 1978 ; Kochhummen, Mal ays . Fores t er41 : 29 f ig. 2 . 1978 ; Raizada , Indian Journ. For . 1 : 153 .

1978 ; Rou l eau , Taxon 30 : 940 . 1981 ; St af l eu , Taxon 30 : 135 l 56.

1981 ; Holmgren al . , Ind. Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 44l - 442 , 1985 ;

Lowden, Taxon 1nd. 100 . 1986 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogie 61 : 270- 282 . 1986 ;

Toml inson, Bot . Mangr . 186 . 1986 .

CLERODENDRUM JAPONICUM (Thunb . ) SweetAddi t ional bi bl iography : Thunb F1 . Iap. 255 . 1784 ; J . F . Gmel .

318 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

in L . , Sys t . Nat . , ed. 13 , imp. 1 , 2 : 961 . 1789 ; Jacq . , Col l ect .

Bot . 3 : 207 . 1789 ; Lour F1 . Cochinch . , ed . 1 , imp. 1 , 2 : 387 - 388 .

1790 ; Banks , Icon. Sel ect . P1 . Jap. Kaempf . pl . 58 . 1791 ; Vah1 ,

Symb . Bot . 2 : 74 . 1791 ; Jacq . , Icon. P1 . Rar . 3 7 , pl . 500 .

1792 ; J . F. Gmel . in L . , Sys t . Nat . , ed . 13 , imp. 2 , 2 : 961 . 1796 ;Raeusch . , Nom. Bot . , ed . 3 , 182 . 1797 ; Jacq . , P1 . Rar . Schoenbr . 3

48 , pl . 338 . 1798 ; Ni11d . in L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . 4 3 385

387 . 1800 ; Des f Tabl . Ecol . Bot . Mus . Hi s t Nat . , ed . 1 , 53 . 1804 ;Vent . , Jard . Malm. 2 : pl . 70 . 1804 ; Pers . , Syn. P1 . 2 : 145 . 1806

Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Mét h . Bot . 8 : 689 . 1808 ; Wi l l d. , Enum. Pl .

Hort . Berol . 2 : 659 . 1809 ; R. Br . in Ai t . , Hort . Kew. , ed . 2 , 4

63 . 1812 ; Rox b . , Hort . Beng. , imp. 1 , 46 . 1814 ; Des f . , Ecol . Bot .

Mus . . Hist . Nat . , ed . 2 , 64 . 1815 ; Pers . , Sp. P1 . 3 : 364 . 1819 ;S t eud . , Nom. Bot . Phan. , ed . 1 , 207 890 . 1821 ; Edwards , Bot . Reg.

8 : pl . 649 . 1822 ; Link , Enum. Hort . Berol . 2 : 127. 1822 ; Bl ume , Cat .

Gewass . , imp. 1 , 85 . 1823 ; Lodd . , Bot . Cab . 8 : pl . 796 . 1823 ; Spreng.

in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 16 , 2 : 759 . 1825 ; Loi se1 .-Desl ong. , Herb .

Gén. Amat . 8 : pl . 519 . 1827 ; Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 2 : 322 .

1827 ; Loud . , Encycl . Pl . 522 . 1829; Nal l . , Numer . Li s t no .

1799. 1829 ; Loud . , Hort . Bri t . , ed . 1 , 247 . 1830 ; S ieb . , Verh. Bat av .

Genoot sch . Kuns t . 1 2 : [ Syn . P1 . 0econ. J 31 . 1830 ; Sweet , Hort . Bri t

ed . 2 , 416 . 1830 ; Cham Linnaea 7 : [ 105 ] 1832 ; Loud . , Hort .

Br i t . , ed. 2 , 247 . 1832 ; Loi sel .-Desl ong. . Herb . Amat . 8 : pl . 519.

1835 ; Hook . Arn . , Bot . Beech . Voy . , imp. 1 , 205 . 1837 ; Maund , Bot

ani st 1 : pl . 13 . 1837; Hook . Arn. , Bot . Beech . Voy . , imp. 1 , 263

268 . 1838 ; G. Don in Loud . , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 3 , 247 . 1839 ; G. Don

in Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 3 , 550 . 1839 ; S t eud . , Nom. Bot . Phan. ,

ed . 2 , 1 : 383 . 1840 ; D. Diet r . , Syn. P1 . 3 : 613 616 . 1842 ; Merr . ,

Ann. Soc . Roy . Agr . Bot . Gand . 1 : [ 17] - 20 , p1 . 3 . 1845 ; Wal p. , Rep

ert . Bot . Sys t . 4 : 101 . 1845 ; S ieb . Zucc . , Abhand1 . Akad . Ni s s .

Muench . Mat h .- Phys . 4 153 - 154 . 1846 ; Schau . in A . DC. , Prodr .

11 : 656 , 657 , 666 , 667 , 674 . 1847 ; Wal p. , Repart . Bot . Sys t . 6

691 . 1847 ; Caspary , Di s sert . Inaug. Nect ar . p1 . 3 , f og. 31 . 1848 ;Regel , Gart enf l . 5 : pl . 178 . 1856 ; Buek , Gen. Spec . Syn . Can

dol l . 3 : 503 . 1858 ; Miq. , Fl . Ned . Ind . S upp1 . S umat ra 563 . 1860 ;

C . Mue11 . in Wal p. ,Ann. Bot . Sys t . 5 : 711 . 1860 ; Bocq. , Adansonia ,

ser . 1 [ Bai l l . , Rec . Observ . Bot . 2 : 14 , 40 , 94 , 120 . 1863 ;

Miq. , Prol . F1 . Jap. 31 . 1865 ; Miq. , Ann . Mus . Lugd .- Bat . 2 : 299.

1866 ; Carr . , Rev . Hort . 46 : 110 - 111 . 1874 ; Franch . Savat . , Enum.

Pl . Jap. 1 : 359 . 1875 ; Hance , Journ. Bot . Br i t . 17 [ ser . 2 , 13 .

1879 ; Regel , Gart enf l . 29 : 24 . 1880 ; Baines , Garden Lond . 19 : 453 .

1881 ; Mat s um. , Gakuge- isir in 14 : 465 . 1884 ; C . B. C l arke in Hook .

f F1 . Br i t . I ndia 4 : 589 593 . 1885 ; Max im. , Bu l l . Acad . Imp.

Sc i . St .- Pét ersb . 31 : 83 - 86 . 1886 ; Max im. , Mel . Biol . 12 : 521 .

1886 ; Nichol son, I l l u s t . Dict . Gard. 2 : 341 . 1887 ;"w. w. Garden

Lond . 42 : 94 562 , pl . 868 . 1892 ; Lu bbock , Seedl ings 2 : 373 . 1892 ;

Jacks . in Hook . f . Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , l : 560 561 (1893 )and imp. 1 , 2 : 1219. 1895 ; Usef u l P1 . Jap. 2 : pl . 500 . 1895 ; Vos s inVi lm Bl umengart . 1 : 829 832 . 1895 ; Pynaert , Rev . Hort . Bel g.

22 : 253 . 1896 ; Du s s , Ann. I ns t . Col on. Marsei l l e 3 : [ F1 . Phanerog. )468 . 1897; Bret schne ider , Hi s t . Europ. Bot . Discov . China 137. 1898

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320 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

F iel d Mus . Pub1 . Bot . 13 [ F1 . Peru ] 698 . 1959 ; Mol d Rés umé 8 ,35 , 77, 88 , 161 , 169 , 172 , 175 , 181 , 190 , 194 , 216 , 261 , 262 , 264 ,

265 , 270 , 272 , 392 , 450 . 1959 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . Jacks . , Ind.

Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 560 561 (1960) and imp. 3 , 2 : 1219 . 1960 ; Ki t amura Okamot o , Col . I l l u s t . Trees Shrubs Jap. 221 . 1960 ; Gl easonCronqu i s t . Man. Vasc . Pl . 582 . 1963 ; Hara al . , Spring Fl . S ikkimHimal . 129 , pl . 221 . 1963 ; H. Hu ber in Hu tchins . Dal z . , F1 . W.

Tr0p. Af r . , ed . 2 , 2 : 439, 440 , 443 . 1967 ; Backer Bakh F1 .

Java 2 : 609 . 1965 ; Banerj i , Rec . Bot . Surv . India 19 74 . 1965 ;Hook . Arn. , Bot . Beech. Voy . , imp. 2 [ Cramer Swan, Hi s t . Nat .

Cl as s . 205 , 263 , 268 . 1965 ; Niel sen, Int rod . Fl ow. P1 . W.

Af r . 162 . 1965 ; Ohwi , F1 . Jap. 765 . 1965 ; Maheshwari , Taxon 15 : 4344 . 1966 ; Maheshwar i Chakrabart y , Phyt omorph . 16 : 75 -80 . 1966 ;Mol d Resumé

'

Suppl . 13 : 6 . 1966 ; Yamazaki in Hara , F1 . Eas t . Himal .

269 . 1966 ; Anon . , As soc . Et ud . Tax . F1 . Af r . Tr0p. 1966 : 56 . 1967 ;Anon. , Ind . Bi bl . Bot . Trop. 4 53 . 1967 ; Lou r . , F1 . Cochinch

ed . 1 , imp. 2 , 387 - 388 . 1967 ; Mol d . , Rés umé Suppl . 15 : 19. 1967

Pande , Bu11 . Dept . Med . P1 . Nepal 1 : 36 . 1967 ; Sant apau , Rec . Bot .

S urv . I ndia 16 : 215 . 1967 ; Wes t ra , Excerpt . Bot . A. l l : 500 . 1967

Anon. , Biol . Abs t r . 49 S . 36 . 1968 ; Carrick al . , Chem. PharmBu l l . Tokyo 16 : 2436 - 2441 . 1968 ; Howard Powel l , Taxon 17 : 5355 . 1968 ; Maheshwar i , Biol . Abs t r . 49 : 3251 . 1968 ; Mol d . , Rés umeS uppl . 16 : 12 (1968) and 17 : 8 . 1968 ; Raizada , Indian Fores t er 94

437 455 . 1968 ; Corner Wat anabe , I l l u s t . Gu ide Tr0p. Pl . 758 .

1969 ; Rao Verma , Bul l . Bot . S urv . India 11 : 410 . 1969 ; M. A . Rau ,

Bul l . Bot . S u rv . India 10 , S uppl . 2 : 62 . 1969 ; El - Gazzar Wat s . ,

New Phyt ol . 69 : 457, 483 , 485 . 1970 ; Farnswort h, Pharmacog. Tit l es5 iv t it l e 3984 . 1970 ; Saxena , Bu11 . Bot . S u rv . I ndia 12 : 56 .

1970 ; Sharma Ghosh , Bul l . Bot . Soc . Beng. 24 : 53 . 1970 ; Van S t eenis- Kruseman, F1 . Mal es . Bu l l . 5 : Ind . i i . 1970 ; D. R. W. Al exander ,

Hong Kong Shru bs 28 . 1971 ; Farnswort h, Pharmacog. Ti t l es 5 : Cumu l .

Gen . Ind . 1971 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. 1 : 20 , 69 , 132 , 148 , 270 , 273 ,282 , 287 , 299 , 309 , 311 , 322 , 359 , 442 , 443 , 447 , 448 , 452 , 456 ,

463 (1971 ) and 2 : 733 867. 1971 ; Hara , Enum. Sperm. Jap. , imp. 2 ,

1 : 187 . 1972 ; Rou l eau , Taxon Ind . 1 : 92 . 1972 ; V. H. S ingh , Journ.

Bomb . Nat . Hi s t . Soc . 69 : 356 . 1972 ; Al t schu l , Drugs Foods 247 .

1973 ; Mol d . in Woodson , Schery , al . , Ann. Mo . Bot . Gard . 60 : 141

145 . 1973 ; L . H. E. Z . Bai l ey , Hort us Second . , imp. 18 , 46 188

189 . 1974 ; El -Gazzar , Egypt . Jou rn. Bot . 17 : 75 78 . 1974 ; Mol d

Phyt ol ogia 28 : 455 . 1974 ; Napp- Zinn, Anat . Bl at t . A 418 . 1974 ;Maheshwari , Journ. Bomb . Nat . Hi s t . Soc . 72 : 179. 1975 ; Anon. , Biol .

Abs t r . 61 : AC1 . 581 . 1976 ; L . H. E. Z . Bai l ey , Hort us Third 286 .

1976 ; E. H. Wal ker , Fl . Okin. Sou t h. Ryu k . 890 891 . 1976 ; Babu ,Herb . F1 . Dehra Dun 398 . 1977 ; Fournet , F1 . I l l u s t . Phan. Guad .

1418 . 1978 ; Raizada , I ndian Journ. For . 1 : 153 . 1978 ; J . T. R.

Kart esz , Syn . Checkl i s t Vasc . F1 . 2 : 466 . 1980 ; Lauener , Not es Roy .

Bot . Gard . Edinb . 38 : 484 . 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 13 , 61 , 124 ,

140 , 257 , 259 , 272 , 277, 291 , 300 , 302 , 313 , 349 , 387 , 392 , 461 ,

538 . 1980 ; Varma , Fl . Bhagal pu r Di s t . 309. 1981 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol ogia

50 : 258 259 . 1982 ; Sivarajan Mah il al , Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot . 3

815 . 1982 ; H. N. A . L . Mol d . in Bas san. Fosb . , Rev . Handb . F1 .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendaum 321

Ceyl . 4 : 417 469 . 1983 ; Du ke Ayensu , Med . P1 . China 2 : 637 - 638 .

1985 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 338 339 58 : 195 , 196 , 198

60 : 181 and 61 : 275 , 276 , 278 , 282 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Kwa-wi [ t rans l . Savat ier ] , Arbor 2 : pl . 10 . 1759 ;Banks , Icon. Sel . Pl . Jap. Kaempf . pl . 58 . 1791 ; Morr . , Ann . Soc .

Roy . Agr . Bot . Gand . 1 : p1 . 3 ( in col or ) . 1845 ; Caspary , Di s sert .

Inaug. Nect . p1 . 3 , f ig. 31 . 1848 ; Regel , Gart enf l . 5 : pl . 178 ( incol or ) . 1856 ; Carr . , Rev . Hort . 46 : (in col or ) . 1874 ; Regel ,

Gart enf l . 29 : pl . 24 ( in col or ) . 1880 ; Baines , Garden Lond . 19 : 453 .

1881 ; Nichol son , I l l u s t . Dict . Gard . 2 : 341 . 1887 ; Lu bbock , Seedl ings 2 : 373 . 1892 ;

"W. Garden Lond 42 : 563 . 1892 ; Usef u l P1 .

Jap. 2 : pl . 500 ( in col or ) . 1895 ; Apgar , Ornament . Shru bs U. S . f ig.

509 . 1910 ; E. H. Wi l s . , Arnol d Arb . Exped . China pl . 216 . 1912 ;Mak I l l u s t . Fl . Jap. 1924 ; Mak I l l u s t . F1 . Nipp. 186 .

1940 ; Mol d . in Gl eason , New Br i t t . Br . I l l u s t . F1 . 3 : 138 . 1952 ;Hara al . ,Spr ing F1 . S ikkimHimal . pl . 221 (in col or ) . 1963 ; CornerWat anabe , I l l u s t . Gu ide Tr0p. Pl . 758 . 1969 ; Du ke Ayensu , Med .

Pl . China 2 : 638 . 1985 .

A semi -woody, regu l ar bu s h , erect s hrub , or under s hru b ,m. t al l ,

of t en l ow and s ingl e- s t emmed , ornament al , or a smal l t ree ,

3 - 5 m. t al l , somet imes a cl imber [ f ide Chang i l l - smel l ing;branches , when present , rat her t hick , pu beru l ent when young; barkgray , smoot h , rarely wi t h conspicuou s l ent icel s ; branchl et s s t ou t ,

very medu l l ose , very obt u sely or acu t ely t et ragonal , green or red

di s h-green, of t en deeply s u l cat e between t he angl es in drying, brown

ish when dry , dens ely pu beru l ent , spar sely l ent icel l at e ; pi t h l amell at e ; nodes annu l at e , t he l arger ones marked wit h a narrow c ircumf erent ial band of v i l l ou s t oment um; pr inc ipal int ernodes - 1 1 cm.

l ong; l eaves l arge , decu s sat e-oppos i t e ; pet iol es s t ou t ,- 22 cm.

l ong, cyl indric , basa11y ampl iat e , of t en red , pu beru l ent , of t en col

l aps ing at t he base and s u lcat e above in drying; l eaf- bl ades t hinly

chart aceou s , very dark-green on bot h s urf aces , u s ual ly brunnescent

or nigrescent in drying, ovat e or broadly ovat e t o orbicu l ar or sub

orb icu l ar t o obcordat e , 7 - 25 cm. (or more ) l ong, 7 - 25 cm. wide ,

apical ly acu t e or s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly remot ely serrat e or

gl andu l ar-dent icu l at e t hroughou t wi t h appres sed crenat e t eet h and

very s hal l ow s inu ses , basa11y deeply cordat e or au ricu l at e , sparselyset u l ose or s t r igi l l ose above or gl abrat e except f or t he pu beru l entvenat ion , minu t ely pu beru l ent al ong t he venat ion and very denselyl epidot e

- s quamu l ose beneat h wit h rat her l arge , t hick , round , l ight

or gol den-yel l ow pel t at e scal es ; midr ib s l ender or s t ou t i s h, of t en

red , f l at and of t en more or l es s densely pu l veru l ent -pu beru l ent a

bove , prominent beneat h ; s econdar ies s l ender , 4 - 9 per s ide , of t en

red , f l at above , prominent beneat h, t he l owes t 2 or 4 i s s u ing palmat ely f rom t he very base of t he l amina , wi t hou t ax i l l ary gl ands , as

cending, not much arcuat e ; vein and veinl et ret icu l at ion rat her

sparse , t he l arger veins (t ert iar ies ) i s s u ing f rom t he l owes t pair

of secondar ies prominul ent beneat h, t he remainder mos t ly obscu re on

bot h s ur faces ; inf lorescence s upra- ax i l l ary and t erminal , mos t lyforming a l arge , rat her open , v i l lou s t erminal panicl e t o 30 cm.

l ong and wide ; ax i l l ary peduncl es di var icat e , abou t 6 cm. l ong, red

322 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , NO . 5

di s h ; cymes very wide- spreading, l ong- s t ipit at e , 11 -25 cm. long,l oosely many- f l owered, 4 -8 cm. wide , sol i t ary and oppos it e in t he

uppermos t l eaf -ax i l s ; t erminal panicl e very l ax , of t en mas s i ve wi t hgreat ly el ongat ed reddi s h- t inged sympodia and 4 -6 pairs of widelydi vergent , l oosely and comparat ively f ew- f l owered cymes ; main peduncl es s t ou t i s h, cm. l ong, pu beru l ent , of t en s u lcat e in

drying, brown or bu f f t o purpl i sh ; pedicel s very s l ender , 7 - 27 mm.

l ong, pu beru l ent ; bract s conspicuou s , a pair s u bt ending each pair of

cymes in t he t erminal panicl e , l arge and fol iaceou s , obl ong or el

l ipt ic t o ovat e , l ong- s t ipi t at e , t o 4 cm. l ong and cm. wide ;bract l et s obl ong or l inear , numerou s , t o 2 cm. l ong and cm. wide ,

of t en red , pu beru l ent ; prophyl l a l inear , el ongat e , 4 - 10 mm. l ong,red- t inged , puberu l ent ; f l owers i l l - smel l ing or odorl es s [ dependingon t ime of day?J, showy ; calyx campanu l at e , deeply 4- f id (pract ical l y t o t he bas e ) , t he l obes t hin- t ex t ured , br ight - red or scarl et ,

t r iangu l ar- l anceol at e or t r iangu l ar , 10 - 17 mm. l ong, basa11y 4 - 7

mm. wide , apical ly s hort ly or at t enuat ely acuminat e and s u bu l at et ipped , l epidot e and pu beru l ent ; corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, mos t lybr ight ly deep

- red or scarl et , in al l 2 - 3 cm. l ong, t he t u be cyl in

dric , l . 5 - 2 cm. l ong, abou t 2 mm. wide , s l ight ly curvat e , ex t ernally spars ely v i l l ou s , t he l imb rat her irregu l arly 5- 1obed ,

cm. in diamet er , t he l obes el l ipt ic or obl ong, 8 - 12 mm. l ong, 3 mm.

wide ; s t amens 4 , unequal , insert ed in t he upper part of t he corol l a

t u be , ex sert ed cm. f rom t he corol l a-mou t h ; f i l ament s s l ender ,

4 - 5 cm. l ong, s l i ght ly v i l l ou s ; ant hers versat i l e ; s t yl e s l ender ,

4 -8 cm. l ong, ex sert ed , 3 t imes (or more ) as t he corol l a- t u be ,

gl abrou s ; s t igma minu t e ; ovary s uperior , 4- cel l ed ; ov u l es pendu l ou s ;f ru i t drupaceou s , at f irs t encl osed by t he mat ure calyx whose l obesf inal ly become ref l exed , bl ack , edibl e .

Thi s much mi s unders t ood s pecies i s based on a col l ect ion made by

Thunberg in Japan, of which I have examined phot ographs of bot h t he

hol otype and an i sot ype (C i t ed below) .

Becau se of t he conf u s ion which has s u rrounded t hi s species , 1 amreproduc ing herewi t h t he mos t excel l ent (al t hough mi s ident i f ied) and

very t ypica1 i l l u s t rat ion gi ven of i t by Morren in 1845 . The original spec imens of F i scher ' s "

Cl cnodendnon Kaempéeni W t h MOFPED'S

pl at e depict s , depos i t ed in t he Leningrad herbari um, have al so been

examined personal ly by me . Thunber (1784 ) avers t hat t he specieswas original ly int roduced int o Japan f rom Korea .

Col l ect or s have f ound t hi s pl ant growing in moi s t areas , on grassy hi l l s ides , al ong roads ides and on r i verbanks , in caf et al and cul

t ivat ed ground , in s hade or part ial s hade , in heavy humu s or l oam,

at t he margins of fores t s or t hicket s , and in secondary deciduou swoods on yel l ow argi l l aceou s soil , at al t i t udes of 16 - 1360 m. , in

f lower in Febru ary and f rom Apr i l t o Sept ember , and i n f ru it in OCt ober . In Bu rma Bel cher report s i t growing

" sol i t ary in t hick scru bon hi l l s ides “

, wh il e in Kwangt ung i t i s report ed t o be"fairly com

mon as scat t ered s hru bs in dry sandy soi l"

. In Veracru z (Mex ico) itis sa id t o be

"abundant in yel l owi s h- red rocky soi l in high subever

green secondary fores t s obv iou s ly int roduced and nat ural ized .

The corol l as are descr ibed as red"by Wal ker (1976) and on China

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324 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

1495, Chang 2893, Esquinol 123, Henb. Cant on Chi . Cal l . 12540, Haab.

Want i ng Uni v . 14694 , Hei nandez 8 at . 175, Pang 8 dl . 541, St ewand 8

Cheo 669, Tsang 21068, Tsang 8 at . 6 .n. ,Tai ng 2123, Vazquez 398,

and king 853, deep- red on Chang 4042, br i ght - red"

on Ching 1900,King 1010, Wal ton 8 dl . 6186, and Wi l l i ams 9632,

" scarl et " by Fang(1944 ) and Hara (1963 ) and on Smi t h 1 and w2260n 4555,

"

purpl e"on

Chang 2351 , and yel l ow"on Munga Pint o 2 Bl ack 1308.

Cficnodendnum j aponi cum appear s t o be nat i ve t o Nepal , As sam, Up

per Burma . and China , nat u ral ized in Japan, Indochina , t he Ryu kyuI s l ands , I ndones ia , Surinam, Brazi l , Mex ico , and el sewhere . It is

of t en cu l t i vat ed in t ropical and su bt ropical regions , and undergl as s el sewhere . The Sur inam record is based on several col l ect ionsin t he Ut recht herbari um f rom t he f ores t near t he Agricu l t ural Exper iment S t at ion at Paramar ibo , where , pres umably , i t had been cul

t ivat ed and l at er escaped and became nat ural ized . In Maryl and t he

record i s bas ed on a col l ect ion f rom "in t he woods near Chevy Chase

made by D. A . Bi s s et on Sept ember 20 , 1912 . depos i t ed in t he U. S .

Nat ional Arboret um herbari um.

Loudon (1830 ) as s ert s t hat t he species was int roduced int o cu l t ivat ion in Engl and in 1820 f rom Japan ; Sweet (1827) gi ves t he dat e

of int roduct ion as 1823 , but in t he 1830 edi t ion of hi s work addst hat t he f l owers are wh[ i t e ]

"

probably t he whi t e- f l owered f ormdescr ibed hereinaf t er

Wal ker (1976) says of t he s pecies Nat i ve of Mal aya or sou t hernAs ia , t hu s mi snamed '

japoni ca' "

and t hat i t i s only int roduced in

Okinawa . P'ei (1947) records i t f rom Szechu an . Masamune (1955 ) and

Sonohara 8 h i s as soc iat es (1952 ) al so cl a im t hat in Okinawa i t i s

only int roduced . Rao 8 Verma (1969) l i s t i t f rom Assam, but i t

seems mos t probabl e t hat , in t hi s case , t hey are ref erring, ins t ead ,

t o C , phi l i ppi num Schau . Mat uda (1950 ) f ound C . japoni cum in cu l t ivat ion in Escu int l a , Guat emal a , as wel l as in Chiapas , Mex ico . K ingref ers t o i t as a

"not common s hru b" , apparent ly wi l d , in Veracru z ,

Mexico . Babu (1977) report s i t cu l t i vat ed in Dehra Dun, I ndia .

Fournet (1978 ) l i s t s i t f rom Guadel oupe . but as yet I have seen no

au t hent ic mat er ial of i t f rom t hat Wes t I ndian i s l and .

Common and vernacu l ar names report ed for Ci enodendnum japoni cumincl ude "

ch‘au shi mut l i " ,

"chau sze mool l ai

gir l“

, f igir i"

[ =f ire- t ree ] , go t oo“

go t oo gir i"

,

"he bao hua

higir i hi - giri [ =scarl et Pauf ownia ] .“hi gu ir i

"

, Japan cl ero

dendrum Japanese gl oryberry"

,

" Japanese gl orybower"shuin

t e i t oo"

, t oo gu ir i vol kamer ia du Japon and"wan hon

na wan ngar i"

. The numerou s ot her names recorded seem, rat her , t o

apply t o C . haemp ami (Jacq . ) S ieb . or t o C . phi l i ppi num Schau or

1 t s f . mui i ipzex fSweet ) Mol d .

Becau se of t he wide mi sappl icat ion of t he name , Cl enodcndnum ja

pani cum, a br i ef s u rvey of some pert inent i t ems in t he l i t erat uref ol l ows :

Lamarck (1808) t rans l at es Thunberg's or iginal descript ion of VOL‘

hamcnia j aponi ca as fol l ows : " C ' es t , d'apres Thunberg, un arbre t res

élevé, dont l a c ime est ampl e , t res - gl abre ; l es rameau x panicu l és ,uh peu compr imés a l eur part ie s u périeure , garni s de f eu i l l es al t er

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl cnodendnum 325

nees , pet iol ees , oval es , f ort ement echancrées en coeur a l eur base ,

veinées , acuminées a l eur sommet , gl abres , pl u s pal es em dessou s ;l es infér ieures l ongues d

'un pied , l arges d

'environ sept pouces ;

l es s upér ieures insens i bl ement pl u s pet i t es 8 pl u s obt u ses ; l e pét i

ol e l ong de sept pouces aux pl u s grandes f eu i l l es , 8 de dix l ignesaux pl u s pet i t es . Les f l eu rs sont di sposées en grappes a l

'

ext remi t e des pl u s Jeunes rameaux ; l es pédoncu l es part iel s s 1mpl es , uni

l at eraux , uni f l ores , droi t s , l ongs d'un demi - pouce , accompagnés

chacun d 'une bract ée sol i t a ire , s u bu l ée , pl u s court e que l e pédon

cu l e . La cal ice est rousseat re , di v isé en c inq découpures ecart éesa l eur base , concaves , l anceol ées , t erminées par une aret e . La

corol l e est irregul iere ; l e t u be cyl indr i que , de cou l eur purpur ine ,

une fo1 s pl u s l ong que l e cal ice ; l e l imbe a c inq découpurespresqu

'égal es , pl u s cou rt es que l e t u be . Le f ru i t est une caps u l e

oval e , a q uat re s il l ons , de l a gros seur d' une prune , a quat re

val ves , 8 deu x l oges . s'ouvrant t ransversalment . Cet t e pl ant e

croi t au Japon . (Descr ip. ex

Siebol d 8 Zuccar ini (1846) comment t hat Schon Wi l l denow bemerkt ,

(Spec . pl ant . 1 11 . p. 385 ) mi t Recht , das s die Thunbergische Vol t .

japoni ca nicht mir der in Gart en unt er diesem Namen kul t ivirt en

Pf l anze zu sammengezogen werden konne , und nennt in der Enumerat iohort . berol . p. 659 l et zt ere Cl ea . fii agnana . Persoon fuhrt eben

f al l s V. japonl ca und finagnano gesondert auf . Ers t die neuerenSchr i f t s t el l er ziehen beide wieder zu sammen, l as sen dagegen aber

Cl . Aquamat um oder Kumpéenl al s e inige Art best ehen . Al l erdingsscheinen zwar zwi schen dieser und Vol t . japonl ca . Thunb . nach des

Let zt eren Beschre i bung seine Pf l anze e inige Verschiedenhe it en oh

zuwal t en, aber da Thunberg, Kampf er a . s . 0 . zu s einer Pf l anze

c i t irt , dessen Beschrei bung of f enbar auf Vol h. Kdmpflenl hinwe ist

(Fi kir i , i . e . i gnea k ir i , a col ore igneo s t yl os f l or idos , per iant hia ac f l oscul os t ingent e ) , so dur f t e dieses die Abweichungenin der Beschre i bung au sgl eichen und demnach Cl . Aquamazum al s

ident i sch mi t Vol h. japonl ca Thunb . zu bet racht en seyn. [EiEJCl ea . finagnano dagegen al s eigne Art best ehen , deren St ammf ormmi te inf achen Bl ut hen Jet zt auch schon in Gart en vorkommt . Cl . Aquama

xum ist nach Thunberg aus Korea nach Japan verpf l anzt , ob Cl . ( t agnano auch in Japan s ich f inde ,

scheint noch zwei f el haf t . Im Sie

bol dt schen Herbariumwenigs t ens f ehl t s1e .

Backer in hl s di scu s s ion of what he cal l ed C . 6quamal um

Vahl , very t ru ly remarks t hat "Veranderl ij k wat bet ref t de l engt e

van kel k en kroonbuis . De j avaansche exempl aren behooren al l e t ot

de variet ei t japéni Cum Hasskarl , waarbi J de kel k l O —l 7 mM hoog is

en de kroonbuis 15 - 20 mM l ang. 0p S umat ra en ook el ders vindt menden t ypischen vorm, waarbiJ de kel k 8 - 10 mM, de kroonbuis 18 - 25

mM l ang i s . Up de Phi l ippiJnen t ref t men, behal ve deze beide vor

men , nog een t usschenvorm aan.

"His C . Aquamal umwe now cal l C .

haempéenl (Jacq . ) Sieb t he var . japonl cum is C . japonl cum (Thunb . )Sweet , and t he int ermediat e Ph1 l ippine form i s C . bet hunl anum Low.

Maheshwar i (1966) cl aims t hat Cl cnodcndnum gi agnano , which is

accredi t ed t o Vent enat needs a rev i s ion . Moreover , t he ol d

est val idly pu bl i s hed name f or t his pl ant is t hat of Thunberg, Val ha

mcnl a japonl ca , of 1784 . Hu ber ( in F1 . W. Trop. Af rica 2 : 443 .

326 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

1963 ) bel ieves t hat i t s correct nomencl at ure and synonymy wou l d be

as fol l ows : Cl enodendnum japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet , Hort . Br i t . (ed .

1 ) 322 . 1827 ; Hu ber , l oc . c i t . Bas ionym: Vol kamenl a j aponl caThunb . F1 . Jap. 255 . 1784 . Synonyms : Vol hmanni a japoni ca Jacq .

Hort . Schoenbr . 3 : 48 . t . 338 . 1798 ; Vol kamcnl a énagi ana Vent . Jard .

Malm. 2 : t . 70 . 1804 ; Cl enodcndnum gnagnana Vent l oc . ci t . ( 1nsyn . under Vol kamenl a gnagnana Vent . l oc . Jackson (1893 )al so reduces Vol hamcnl a japonl ca Thunb . t o Cl ei odendnum éi agnanaVent . Thi s di s pos i t ion, however , I cannot accept !

My good f r iend , Wil l iam T . S t earn , in a l et t er t o me dat ed Feb

ruary 8 , 1 966 , says : In Taxon 15 no 1 (Jan . 1966) p. 44 you wi l l

f ind a not e by J . K . Maheshwar i ent i t l ed‘ A new combinat ion in

Cl cnodcndnum L .

‘in which t he name Cl cnodendnum japoni cum (Thunb . )

Sweet var . pl enl gl onum (Schauer ) Maheshwar i is proposed f or t he

dou bl e- f l owered pl ant u s u al ly and r ight ly known as C . gnagnana(Vent . ) A it on f . var . pl enl 6l 0 i um Schauer . Thi s is t he name wehave adopt ed in t he Fl ora of Barbados 357 (1965 ) and which you haveu sed in your many pu bl icat ions on t he Vcnbcnaccae . I ass ume you

have seen Thunberq's type of Val hamenza j aponi ca and t hat J uel was

r ight i n ident i fying i t wi t h C . Aquamal um Vahl . If so , t hen t he

name C . gnagnanx st ands and C . japonl cum var . pl enl fll OAum drops int o synonymy . There 1 5 a danger , however , t hat unl es s a not e i s

pu bl i s hed soon in Taxon correct 1 ng Hu ber and Maheshwar i peopl e who

do not know any bet t er wi l l f ol l ow Howard 8 Powel l

(1968) have shown t hat it is Vol hmannl a japonl ca Jacq . W t h bE

l ongs in t he synonymy of Cl enodcndnum phl l l ppl num [ t he name now

u sed f or t he ol d C . gnagnanxj , not Val hamei l a japoni ca .Thunb .

A peru s al of t he l it erat ure rel at ing t o Cl enodendnum j aponl cumreveal s , at l eas t in my es t imat ion, t hat t he pl ant ref erred t o byt his binomial by at l east t he f ol l owing au t hors is act u a l ly C .

haempfienl (Jacq . ) Sieb . : Backer 8 Bakhu izen L . H. 8 E. Z .

Ba il ey (1 94 1 , Baner j i Hara (1948 ,Hol t hu is 8

Lam Hs 1 ao Lam Lam 8 Meeuse Makino

Mat t oon Ohwi Pande and YamazakiFu rt her , t he f ol l owing au t hors erroneou s ly reduce i t t o

synonymy under C . squamarum or C . haempgenl : Al exanderCorner 8 Wat anabe Franch ier 8 Savat ier Maximowicz

Synge and Vos s The Ba i l eys , in t heir 1976

work , correct l y ma 1nt ain C . japoni cum and C . haempgenl as separat es pec i es .

The fol l owing au t hors use“ C . japoni cum as t he val id name for

what I regard as correct ly cal l ed C . phl l l ppl num f . mul t ipl ex

(Sweet ) Mol d . : A i t on Bret schne ider Desf ont aines

Hu ber Maheshwar i Mahes hwar 1 8 Chakrabart yNiel s en Ra izada (1968 , Rau (l 969) , SaxenaS1ngh and Varma S ingh ref er s t o t he f l ow

ers as pu rpl i s h-whit e"and Varma descr ibes t hem as

"dou bl e which

1 5 cert a inly s u f f ic ient ev 1dence t hat t he pl ant ref erred t o is C .

phizippznum f . muzzlpzex , not C . japoni cum. The i l l u s t rat ions given by Corner 8 Wat anabe and by Maheshwar i 8 Chakrabarty are on t hi saccount not incl uded by me in t he l is t of il l u s t rat ions for Cl ona

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328 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 5

damment qu‘aucune n

'es t par fai t ement sembl abl e , l es descr ipt ions

ne s'accordent pas . Tel est , par exampl e l e CLenod. Aquamazum,

ef f et , si cet t e f igure a q uel q ues res sembl ance avecl e CL . meLLaLLL il n

'en est pas de meme en ce qui concerne l a

descr ipt ion, qui l'indique comme ét ant uh

'arbre branchu ' ce qui

n'exist e pas chez ce dernier . Tou t ce que nou s savons d 'a peu prés

cert ain, c'es t que M. Chant in, regu vers l 865 .

Nou s ne serions pou rt ant pas t rop eloigne Je croire que l e CL .

menLaLLa est une f orme du CL . KaempfieAL , bien s upér ieure t out fois

au type du q uel i l nou s parai t di f férer sens i bl ement . Mai s q uoiqu ' i l en soi t nou s avons cru devoir f igurer et décr ire cet t e pl ant ,

car en admet t ant meme q u ' el l e ne soi t pas nou vel l e , i l est t ou joursavant ageu x l e rappel er ce qui est beau , s urt ou t l orsqu

‘il s ' agi t

d' une espece peu connue , et c

'es t ici l e cas .

"He f ol l ows t hi s

wit h a f u l l descr ipt ion . Examinat ion of his t ype i l l u s t rat ions hows i t t o bel ong in t he synonymy of C . japonLcum and not in t hat

of C . haempgenL as prev iou s ly s t at ed by me (l 94o) .

On t he ot her hand , t he i l l u s t rat ion gi ven by Hs 1ao (l 944 ) s howst hat t he pl ant which he descr ibes as C . japonLcum i s real ly C .

ha empéenL .

Ci enodcndaon coc neum H. J . Lam is based on BuLjéman 74 f romnear Nongho DJadar , at 1200 m. al t i t ude , Mt . Tengger , Java , col l ee

t ed oh Ju ly l 0 , l 907 , and on Henb. Ut nccht 49914 f rom Japan . Lam

(l 9l 9) not es t hat Th i s mu s t be a very beau t i f u l and decorat ivepl ant , wort h cu l t iv at ing

". The homonymou s C . coc neum D. Diet r .

Diet z ,

"

on p. 363 of Lam's work ] is a synonym of C . haempflenL .

Leve il le pu bl i s hed t he name CLenodendnon aequL noLLL for two di f

f erent pl ant s on two separat e pages of his 1912 work . The C . ea

quLnoiLL on page 298 of his work i s based on E8quLnoL 2802 f rom

bo is de Ta- Tham [ Kweichow, China ] , t res ombreu x et chaud col l ec

t ed i h May of 1912 , wi t h t he not at ion t ou t e l'inf l orescence rouge ,

l ie de vin, f eu il l es radical es , f l eur l m. de hau t sur t ige s impl e"

and proves t o be Tacca chant LenL Andre in t he Tacca ccae ; t he a uL

not 3278, c i t ed by him in his l 9l 5 work , al so i s Tacca . chanLLenL .

On t he ot her hand , t he C . eaquLnoLLL propos ed on page 302 of t he

1912 work is based on a uLnoL 123 , col l ect ed in Ju ly of l 9o4 on

t he rou t e de Pe- t ien a Lo-yen Kweichow, wi t h t he not e arbr is

seau de l - 2 m. ,s ans d iv is ion , sommit e ecarl at e

". It is t hi s one

t hat is Cl enodendnum japonLcum (Thunb . ) Sweet .

Leve il l e'

s C . dannLaLL i s based on J . CauafienLc 3490 f rom Lo- fou ,

Kwe ichow, col l ec t ed in Augu s t of l 9o9 , wit h t he not at ion"

arbre

Fedde not iced t he homonymou s nat ure of Leveil l e's s econd C . ea

quLnoLLL and propos ed t he su bst i t u t e name , C . zeueLLLeL , for i t and

t h i s was pu bl i s hed for him by Levei l le i n his l 9l 4 work [whid1 isdat ed

"

1915 by Rehder ] . P‘

e i (l 932 ) comment s t hat"The f ragmen

t ary mat er ial of Ci enodendnon Lev] . and of C , Lau

eLLLeL Fedde whi ch I have examined in t he Herbar i um of t he Arnol dArboret um, indicat es t he ir cl ose al l iance t o or ident ity wit h Ci encdendnon panLcuLaLum L .

Ci enodendnon aquamazum var . j aponi cum Has s k . appears t o be basedon Bachen 78236 f rom Java , whi le C . aquamuxum var . jauanLcum Teij sm.

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on CLeLodendnum 329

seems t o be based on Tc amann H.B. 2649, al so f rom Java .

CLenodendnon haempgenL Fi sch . is credi t ed by Jackson (1893 ) t oMorr . , Ann. Soc . Gand . l : 17 (l 845 ) as a synonym of C haempgenL(Jacq . ) S ieb . , but Fi scher ' s t ype specimen in t he Len1ngrad herbar

ium [ Regel , Hoax. Bot Pet nap.

" specimen examined by me , and beaut 1 f ul ly represent ed by Morren

's col or pl at e .

proves wi t hou t any dou bt t o represent C . japonLcum. Morren (1845 )al so mi s t akenly regarded Fi scher ' s binomial as a synonym of C .

haempgenL for which he u sed , in hi s t ex t , t he name C . aquamaiumVahl .

It s hou l d al so be not ed here t hat t he Vot kamenLa. japonLca cred

i t ed t o"Hort . Pari s i s a synonymof C . phLLLpa um Schau . ; t hat

credi t ed t o j u s t “Hort .

"i s in part C . phLLLpa um and in part C .

t nLchot omum Thunb . The Vol kamenLa . japonLca. credi t ed t o Jacq u in and

t he V. japonLca Credi t ed t o Wi l l denow bot h bel ong in t he synonymyof C . phLLLpa um f . p ex et ) Mol d . The CLenodendLum ja

ponLcum var . pianLfifionum =p£enL6£onum (Schau . ) Maheshwari of

Raizada (1978) i s al so C . phLLLpa um f . mul t ipi ex .

The Sweet reference in t he Hort us Bri t t annicus , so import ant int he nomencl at ural hi s t ory of t hi s species , has in prev iou s ins t al lment s of t he present series of not es been erroneou s ly c i t ed as

occurring on page 322 of part"l"

, pu bl i s hed between J u ly and 0c

t ober , 1826 ; act ual ly i t occurs in part 2 , pu bl i s hed bet weem January and March , l827 . It i s correct ly dat ed by Hara (l 948) , Hu ber(l 963 ) , Pande Raizada (l 968) , and Yamazaki (l 966) .

The Diet rich (l 842 ) work i s c i t ed as"l 839- 52 by Lam (l 9l 9) and

as"l 843

"by ot her worker s , but vol ume 3 , which concerns u s here ,

was act ual ly i s s ued between December 29 and 31 of 1842 .

Bret schneider (1898) dat es t he Vent enat work as l 803 but

pl at es 3l - 84 were act u al ly not ef f ect i vely pu bl i s hed unt i l l 804 .

Masamune (l 955 ) dat es bot h Maximowicz ref erences t o C . japonLcuml 887

"

, but t hey were bot h act ual ly pu bl i s hed in l 886 ; he al so mi sdat es t he or iginal Hooker 8 Arnot t ref erence t o t hi s Species as

when pages 24l - 336 of t hi s work were act ual ly pu bl i s hedal ready in l 838 . Furt her , he gi ves t he au t hor of a not e in Linnaea

7 : l 05 (1832 ) as Champion ins t ead of Chami s so . Nal l ich's Numer ical

Li s t no . l 799 i s mis- dat ed by Fang (l 944 ) as"l 828 ins t ead of l 829.

Makino (l 9D3 ) mis- c i t es t he S iebol d (l 830 ) ref erence t o page 51

More import ant ly , i t s hou l d be not ed t hat Makino (l 903) , FangSonohara 8 al . Masamune (l 955 ) , Hu ber (i 963 ) , 36"

erj i (l 965 , Raizada (l 968 , l 978) , and wal ker (l 976) , amongot hers , ci t e VaLhama a japonLca as f irs t pu bl i s hed in Thunberg

's

Fl ora Iaponica in 1784 when act ual ly i t was f irs t pu bl i s hed by himfou r years earl ier in t he Nov . Act . Soc . Sci . Upsal . , vol ume 3 .

Hara (l 948 ) credi t ed a CLenodcndnon haempgeLL S t eud . t o

S t eud . , Nom. Bot . , ed . 2 , l : 383 (l 840) , but t here i t i s act ual lywri t t en as CLenodendnum KaempgenL Fi sch. and gi ven only as a syn

onym of C . aquamazum Vahl . He ci t es two i l l u s t rat ions [ f ig. 2491

(1938 ) and f ig. 557 (l 940) ] in Japanese works whose t i t l es he gi vesonly in Japanese charact ers .

Merr i l l (l 946) not es t hat t he or iginal descript ion of Vozha

330 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 5

menLa japonLca by Thunberg describes t he pl ant as a"l arge t ree ,

whi l e i t real ly i s only a smal l s hru b , but t hi s does not inval i

dat e t he name". He might al so have ment ioned t hat Thunberg

's orig

inal descr ipt ion cal l s for al t ernat e l eaves and a caps u l ar f ru i t .

As point ed out by Howard 8 Powel l Thunberg's holotype i s

preserved in t he herbari um at t he Uni vers i t y of Uppsal a and cas t sno dou bt on t he correct appl icat ion of t he name . That he s hou l dhave erred abou t t he height of t he pl ant is eas i ly unders t andabl ewhen one recal l s t hat he was hel d v irt ual ly under hou se- arres t at

t hi s t ime and rel ied on what was t ol d t o him by t he act ual col l ec

t or who brought s pecimens t o him.

Keys t o hel p di s t ingu i s h CCeLodendnum japonLcum f rom i t s near

est rel at i ves may be f ound under C . bct hunLanum Low [ 58 : l 95 - l 98 ] ,f rom i t s Chinese rel at i ves under C . henLyL P

'ei [ 60 : l 80 - l 8l ] ,

and f romot her I ndones ian wi l d and cu l t i vat ed t axa under C . kLemmeLElm. in t he pres ent ser ies of not es .

It s cl os es t rel at i ve , and t he one wi t h which i t i s mos t of t en

conf u sed , i s undou bt edl y C . haempgenL . The bes t way t o dis t ingui sh t he two i s by t he f act t hat in C . japonLcum t he cal yx duringant hes i s is l O - 15 mm. l ong and t he corol l a only t o cm. l ong,

whi l e in C . haempgeLL t he calyx during ant hes i s i s l es s t han l 0 mm.

l ong and t he corol l a is up t o cm. l ong.

Al t schu l (1973 ) informs us t hat t he f ru i t of C . j aponLcum is

edi bl e and t hat t he f l owers have medicinal proper t ies (t hi s on t he

au t hor i t y of Taang Al l en Smi t h report s t hat on t he i s l andof I s higaki t he pl ant is as sociat ed wi t h deat h

Du ke 8 Ayensu (1985 ) s t at e t hat t he l eaves are appl ied t o boi l saf t er t he l at t er have been opened by pricking wi t h a s i l ver needl e ,

whi l e a decoct ion of t he inf l orescences are u sed in China t o t reat

gonorrhea , hemat ochezia , and nosebl eed . They report t hat t he I ndonesians use t he root s in t reat ing dysent ery , t he l eaf pu l p f oredema , and add t he l eaves t o bat h wat er in bat hing newborn babies ;t he f l oral bract s are chewed in t reat ing hemat uria and are poul t ic

ed in cases of painf u l art hri t i s .

Fang (l 944 ) ci t es Fang 17194 f rom Szechu an , China , comment ingt hat t he pl ant is

"cu l t i vat ed commonly in var iou s gardens in wes

t ern Szechuan . It is highly apprec iat ed for i t s beau t i f u l scarl etf l ower s and ampl e inf l orescences as wel l as f or i t s l ong f l ower

season f romMay t o J u ly"

. His accompany ing i l l u s t rat ion incl udesenl argement s of t he ovary in cros s - sect ion and of t he l eaf scal es .

Wal ker (1976) ci t es A. SmLLh 1 and SIR1 . 5979 8 6186 f romcu l t ivat ion on Okinawa .

P'ET (1932 ) ci t es for t ypical C . japonLcum t he f ol l owing Chinese

col l ect 1ons : f rom Chekiang ChLao 1495 and Ct g 1900 ; f rom FU

kien Chang 4139, Chang 1672, 2351, 2893, and Henb 3395: f romKwangs i Ct g 5193; f rom Kwangt ung Lea c C. 735, Pang, Tab, 5

KLn 54 1, Tbflang 2123, and VLng 853; f rom Kwe ichow CauaLa c 3490

f rom S zechuan a uLnoL 123, Faben 43, Fang 2285, and wLLaon 4555;f rom YUnnan Henny 12060; and f romHainan i s l and Fond 8 .n. ,Mc

CLune 8854 , Tab 25, Taang, Tab, 8 Fang a . h . , and wu 1089.

Lam 8 Meeuse (1942 ) c i t e Lam 2699 8 2775 f rom Karakalong, but

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332 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 5

mann 2649 H.B. (Bz - 20603 , Bz Vat ke 6 . n. (V, V) . Mex icoF . w. Johnaon a . h . [ Cordoba , 9- 26- 06] (N) ; Reho 4626 (Ld -phot o ,

N -phot o , w ll . l lLama 9332 (F Okinawa

wal hen, Tawada , t Amano 5979 (N) . Ru s s ia : Col l ect on undel eLa cd

6 .n. (L) ; c b . FLachen 6 .n. (L) ; Regal a .n. [ Herb . Hort . Bot . Pet

rop. 6l .8 ] (E - phot o , Ld - phot o , N -phot o) . LOCAL ITY OF COLLECTIONUNDETERMINED: Hu b. JacquLn 6. (V) ; He/ tb. Mad . Bot . St ockholm 6 .n.

(S ) . MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS 8 CLI PPI NGS : Carr . , Rev . Hort . 46 : 110/111 . l 874 (Ld , Corner 8 Nat anabe , I l l u s t . Gu ide Tr0 p. Pl . 758 .

1967 (Ld , Du ke 8 Ayensu , Med . Pl . China 2 : 638 . l 985 (Ld) ;Fang, Icon. Pl . Omiens . l pl . 69 . 1944 (It ) ; Mak . , I l l u s t . Fl .

Nipp. 186 . 1940 (Ld , Ld) ; Mol d . in Gl eason, New Br i t t . Br . I l l u s t .

Fl . 3 : 138 . 1952 (Ld) ; Morr . , Ann . Soc . Roy . Agr . Bot . Gand. l : pl

3 . 1845 (N) ; Vos s in Vilm. , Bl umengart . l : 832 . 1895 (Ld) ;"N. N.

Garden Lond . 42 : 563 . 1892 (Ld , Z) ; E. H. wal ker , F1 . Ok1 h . Sou t h .

Ryu k . 891 . 1 976 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM JAPONICUM f . ALBUM (P'ei ) Mol d . , s t at . nov .

Synonymy : Cl cnodendnon japonLcum var . al bum P'ei , Mem. Sci . Soc .

China 1 l 44 . 1932 .

Bibl iography : Sweet , Hort . Bri t . , ed . 2 , 4l 6 . l 830 ; p'ei , Mem.

Sci . Soc . China 1 124 8 144 . 1932 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : l 8l .

l 986 .

Thi s f orm di f f ers f rom t he t ypical formof t he s pecies in hav ingt he calyx and corol l a u s ual ly creamy-whi t e .

The f orm i s based on TaLang 2506 f rom Nort h Gat e , Kochow, Kwangt ung, China , col l ect ed in May of 1929 , depos i t ed in t he herbari umof t he Arnol d Arboret um, Jamaica Pl ain, Mas sachu set t s . It i s de

scr ibed by t he col l ect or as an unders hru b , t heI‘l eaves deep green

above , l i ght green bel ow, f l owers whi t e ".

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s t axon f rom ot her Chinese t axawi l l be f ound under C . henngL P

'ei in t he present s eries of not es

[ 60 : 180 - 18l ] . Not hing i s known t o me of t hi s pl ant beyond what

i s s t at ed in t he above meager bi bl iography .

CLERODENDRUM JAUNDENSE Gurke ex Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Ver

benac . , ed . 1 , 47, 48 , 8 9O nom. nud . 1942 .

Thi s binomial , erroneou s ly u sed by me in f i ve pu bl icat ions bet ween 1942 and 1980 , is a synonym of C . gaundenae GUrke , which

wi l l be di scu s sed l at er in t he present ser1 es of not es .

CLERODENDRUM JOHNSTONI Ol iv . in H. Johnst K i l im. Exped . Append.

344 nom. nud . 1886 ; Trans . Linn. Soc . Lond . , ser . 2 , 2 : 346

[ as"Cl enodendnon 1887 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68

[ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 10 , 16 , 18 , 42 , 75 , 8 94 . 1936 .

Synonymy : Cl eaodendnon johnAt onL Ol iv. in H. Johnst K i l im.

Exped . Append . 344 . 1886 . Cl enodendnum johnazonLL Ol i v . apud Snowden, Gras s Comm. Mt . Veg. Uganda 60 . 1953 .

Bibl iography : Ol iv . in H. Johnst K i l im. Exped . Append. 344 .

1886 ; Ol i v . , Trans . Linn. Soc . Lond . , ser . 2 , 2 : 346. 1887 ; GDrke

in Engl . , Pf l anzenw. Ost -Af r . C : 341 . 1895 ; J . G. Baker in Thisel t .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendnum 333

Dyer , F1 . Tr0 p. Af r . 5 : 293 8 300 . 1900 ; Durand 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew.

Suppl . l , imp. 1 , 101 . 1901 ; Mi l dbr . in Von Meckl enb . , Deu t sch .

Zent ral -Af r . Exped . 2 : 282 . 1911 ; DeWi l d . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bru x .

7 : 170 . 1920 ; DeWi l d Pl . Bequaert . 2 : 262 . 1922 ; T . C . E. Fr ies ,Not izbl . Bot . Gart . Berl in 8 : 701 . 1924 ; Good 8 Exel l , Journ. Bot .

Br i t . 68 , S uppl . 2 : 142 . 1930 ; Chiov . , Fl . Somal a 2 : 363 . 1932 ;S t aner in Lebrun, Bu l l . Agr . Congo Bel ge 25 : 425 . 1 934 ; B. Thomas ,Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 10 , 16 , 18 , 42 , 75 , 8 94 .

1936 ; Bal l , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . 1937 : 24 . 1937 ; Durand 8 Jacks . ,

Ind . Kew. Suppl . l , imp. 2 , 101 . 1941 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di st r i b .

Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 48 - 50 8 90 . 1942 ; Gl over , Prov . Check Li s t Bri t .

I t al . Somal . 266 . 1947 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Inv . Names S uppl . 1 : 6 .

1947 ; W. Robyns , Fl . Sperm. Parc Nat . Al bert 2 : 142 8 147 , pl . 14 .

1947 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 2 : 593 8 640 . 1948 ; H. N. 8 A . L .

Mol d Pl . Li fe 2 : 65 . 1948 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Ci t . 3 : 729 (1949)and 4 : 1097 8 1247 . 1949 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . ,

ed. 2 , l l S - l l 7 8 182 . 1949 ; Snowden, Gras s Comm. Mt . Veg. Uganda

24 , 54 , 60 , 8 94 . 1 953 ; J . K . Jacks . , Journ . Ecol . 44 : 362 , 363 , 8

365 - 367. 1956 ; Durand 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 1 , imp. 3 , 101 .

1959 ; Mol d Rés umé 141 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 149 , 265 , 272 , 8 450 . 1959 ;Dal e 8 Greenway , Kenya Trees Shrubs 583 - 584 . 1 961 ; Cuf . , Bu l l .

Jard . Bot . Bru x . 32 : Suppl . 799 . l 962 ;Wat t 8 Breyer- Brandwi j k , Med .

Poi son. Pl . S . Eas t Af r . , ed . 2 , 1048 8 1372 . 1962 ; F. Whi t e 8 An

gus , For . Fl . Nort h . Rhodes . 365 8 367 f ig. 65 . 1962 ; J . A .

Hu t chinson, Jou rn . Tangan . Soc . 64 : 105 . 1965 ; Gl over , Gl os s . Bot .

Kipsig. Names Kenya , ed . 1 , 158 . 1967 ; Mol d . , Rés umé Suppl . 15 : 5

(1967) and 16 : 7 . 1968 ; Gl over , S t ewart , Fumert on, Mart indany , 8

Ander sen, Gl os s . Bot . Kipsi g. Names , ed . 2 , 264 . 1969 ; Gi l l et t ,

Numb . Check- l i s t Trees Kenya 46 . 1970 ; J . K . Jacks . in Eyre , Worl d

Veget . Type s 94 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 8 100 . 1971 ; Mol d Fi f t h Summ. l

229 , 232 , 233 , 235 , 240 , 249 , 448 , 8 463 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ;

Lewal l e , Bu l l . Jard . Nat . Bel g. 42 [ Trav . Uni v . Of f . Bujumb . Fac .

Sci . C. 20 ] : 128 , 137 , 7 1972 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 218 ,

222 , 223 , 225 , 230 , 238 , 8 538 . 1980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 34

58 : 441 59 : 259 8 335 and 60 : 270 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : W. Robyns , Fl . Sperm. Parc Nat . Al bert 2 : pl . 14 .

1947 ; F. Whi t e 8 Angu s , For . Fl . N. Rhodes . f ig. 65 . 1962 .

A branching subscandent or scandent s hru b , l - 4 m. t al l , or l i

ana , somet imes cl imbing t o t he t ops of t rees , s emi - hel iophi l ou s , or

somet imes a t ree , 5 - 8 m. t al l , wi t h sof t wool ly t oment um; t runkt hin ; bark gray- brown or grayi s h ; branches more or l es s t et ragonal ,

densely pu bescent ; twigs yel l ow- brown, pi l ose ; l eaves decu s sat eoppos i t e or t ernat e ; pet iol es el ongat e , art icu l at e , t he basal 5 mm.

pers i s t ing as a curved , woody spine ; l eaf - bl ades l arge , ovat e or

ovat e- el l ipt ic t o obl ong, 5 - 13 cm. l ong, cm. wide , api

cal ly rounded or obl i q uely s u bacuminat e t o cu spidat e , marginal lyent ire , basal ly broadly rounded or cordat e , bicol ored , grayi s hgreen (dark- brown when dry) and pu beru l ent above , densely pu bescentor t oment ose and as hy-gray or t awny beneat h ; inf l orescence an ampl e ,

t erminal , corymbose or corymbi form panicl e , more or l es s densef l owered , t he rami f icat ions robu s t , obl i q ue , t awny

- t oment ose , some

334 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No .

t imes al so wi t h many- f l owered cymes in t he upper l eaf -ax i l s ; pedicel s s hort ; f l owers f aint ly sweet - smel l ing; calyx campanu l at e ,

green or yel l ow-green , 3 - 4 mm. l ong, ex t ernal ly very t oment ose ,

t he t eet h ovat e , s hort er t han t he t u be ; corol l a hypocrat eri form,

whi t e or whi t i s h t o cream-col or , rarely pinki s h , t he t u be 2 - 3

t imes as l ong as t he calyx , int ernal ly yel l ow- green and pu bescent ,

t he l imb 5- l obed, t he l obes smal l , s u bequal , obovat e , 3 mm. l ong,

dorsal ly pal e-green , vent ral ly whi t e or whi t i s h ; s t amens abou t

twice as l ong as t he corol l a ; f il ament s yel l owi sh-whi t e or whi t e ;ant hers yel l ow or yel l ow- green, l at er t urning brown or dark- brown;s t yl e yel l owi s h-whi t e or whi t e ; s t igma yel l ow- green or greeni s h ;f ru i t drupaceou s , of t en gal l ed when immat ure , t he gal l s somet imesvery l arge .

Thi s species i s based on an unnumbered H. H. Johnson col l ect ion

f rom 1700 m. al t i t ude on Mount K i l imanj aro , Tanganyika , col l ect ed

in 1884 , and depos i t ed in t he Kew herbari um. Good 8 Exel l (1930)cl aim t hat C . johnALOnL i s Very nearly rel at ed

"t o C . Lnaequc LL

al axum Good . which , however , has smal l er f l owers and more hirs u t epu bescence .

Cl enodendnum j ohnal onL has been encount ered by col l ect ors insandy-cl ay soi l in swamps , al ong roads ides , in bamboo as wel l as

evergreen and gal l ery f ores t s , arborescent Acanxhua fores t s and

scl erophyl l ou s woodl and , on s hady humu s- r ich gras s l ands and Acanr

t hus s t eppes , in mont ane f ores t s and dry openings t herein , in rocky

pl aces and upl and rainfores t s , and at forest edges , f rom 200 t o

3000 m. al t i t ude , in f l ower in every mont h of t he year , and in

f ru i t in Oct ober and December . Davidse report s i t"in open f ores t s

wi t h Podocaapua predominant and wi t h cl umps of bamboo and open

heav i ly grazed areas “

in Kenya ; in t he same count ry Dal e 8 Greenway

(1971 ) descr i be i t as"Widely spread in secondary scru b in t he wet

t er highl ands ; t o f t .

"Magogo descri bes i t as a

"com

mon roads ide s hru b t o 6 f t . t al l In Zaire Hauman ref ers t o i t as"

as sez commun". Sco t t - El l iot found i t common on Mt . Ruwenzor i at

7000 - 8000 f eet al t i t ude .

GDrke (1895 ) report s i t In der Ku l t u rzone und dem unt eren Ur

wal drand al l er Landschaf t en verbrei t et , bis 1600 m in Eas t Af ricageneral ly . Maas Geest eranus descr i bes it as not uncommon or

f airly common but rarely found f l owering in r ipar ian woodl and

wi t h CanophaayngLa hol al LL al ong r i vers and in cl ear ings mi xed wi t hPzeaLdLum aqaLa um and Neoboul anLa macnocal yx , al so in gl ades at

fores t edge wi t h scat t ered AcacLa l ahaL and numerou s t al l s hru bs ,in Kenya . In t he same count ry Gil l et t refers t o t he pl ant as" scandent and found i t

"f req uent in evergreen fores t on l ava wit h

CoadLa , Ol ea ,et c .

" The f l owers on his no . 15100 are remarkablysmal l , but t hi s may be due t o immat ur it y t he col l ect or ident i

f ied it merely as Cl enodendnum af f . C . j ohnat onLL

Cufodont is (1962 ) l i s t s Cl enodcndnum johnal onL f rom Kenya : Ugan

da , Tanganyika , and nort heas t ern Za ire and al so (dou bt f u l ly) f romEt hiopia , observ ing t hat i t is a Species mont ana int er 1300 et

3000 m s u pra mare v igens v ix loco t amdemis so inveni pot ui t

Jackson (1971 ) avers t hat it is"one of t he cl imbers in a t ypical

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336 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

8 4268, DeWLt t e 1448 8 2235, Hauman 202, Lebnun 4414, 4743, 8 4953,and LLndea 2400: Dal e 8 Greenway (1961 ) ci t e Bat t l acombe 68, Ell l ot 283, Gandnea 1409, Moon 748, and Sche66l en 250 f rom Kenya ; Cufodont is (1962 ) ci t es (dou bt f u l ly) GonLn 209 f rom Et hiopia ; Gl over(1967) ci t es Bal l y and Keagoot 2151 f rom Kenya ; and Lewal l e

(1972 ) ci t es Lewal l e 1637 f rom Burundi .

Mat erial of Cl eaodendnum johnat onL has been mi s ident i f ied and

di s t ri bu t ed in some herbar ia as C. t hynaot deum Gdrke , Ehnet La sp. ,

Pnemna sp. , Peychot LLa sp. , and even VLbunnum sp. On t he ot her hand ,

t he Paoct en 2621. di s t ri bu t ed as C. johnAt onL , act ual ly i s Phamnachnyeocl ada (BoJer ) Gflrke . whi l e Loch, Moaat aon, 6 Wendel bo 6369 is

not verbenaceou s .

C i t at ions : ZA I RE: Bequaent 5921 (Br ) ; 02a6666n6 42 (Br ) . 1491

(Br , N) . 6 . n. [ ent re Shangugu et Usambura ] (Br ) ; Dewt t za 1448 (Br ) ,2225 (Br ) ; GemmaLn 3540 (Br ) . 4062 (Br ) ; GheaquLene 5004(Br ) ; 02226111 (Br . Br . Br ) ; Hauman 202 (Br ) ; Humbent 7363 (Br ) ; JunLOn 6 . n.

[ C l aes sens 183 ] (Br , Br , Br ) ; Laxhouwcna (Br , Br ) ; Lebnun 3746

(Br . Br . N) . 44 14 (Br . N) . 4953 (Br ) . 5453 (Br , Br ) ; w. Robyns 2327

(Br . Br . N) ; Schal l en 6 . n. 7200 f t . ] (Ws ) . 6 . n. 9000

f t -J (NS ) ; Tat on 4 12 (Br , Br ) ; Van den Houdt 40 (Br ) , 119 (Br ) .

BURUNDI : Leuul l e 272 (G2 ) , 2440 (Ld , Ld) ; Reehmana 1593 (E - 22091

2099 (E UGANDA : Gheaqaleae 5702 (Br . Br ) ; LLndbl om6 .n. (S) ; Punaegl ove 546 (Br ) ; Scheéfll en 250 (S) . TANZANIA: Tanganyi ka : w. L. Abbot t 6 .n. [ Ki l imanj ar0 . 1890 ] (NDnummond 6 Hemsl ey 1245 (s) . 1275 (B) ; Endc h 359 (Mu) ; Meaaea 717

(B) ; Pet en 1442 1625 (B) . 1919 (B) ,2036 6637 (B) , 9559 (B) , 11655

-125 ] (B) . 17144 (B) . 17146 (B) ,4 2348 IV-284 l (B) . 42364 [ v. 285 ] (B. B) . 42519 [v. 2881 (B) . 42561[ v.zgo] (B) . 51767 (B) , 51788 (B, B) . KENYAPad ae 7053 (Ld) ; J . B. 0222 6: 15100 (B. s) ; Maaa Geeat eaanua 5386

(Ca - 92276. Go . S) . 5667 (Ca - 92139 , Go , 5757 (B, Cd - 92119 ,

Go . S. N Magogo 1553 (Mu) ; Heanna 1942 (W 1946

(N 1973 (N, W Met t am 229 (Ou MALAWISt ol z 700 (B, B, Mu - 4226 , MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS : Whi t e 8 Ah

gus , For . Fl . N. Rhodes . 1962 (Ld) .

CLERODENDRUM JOHNSTONI VAR. RUBRUM Thomas . Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68

[ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 75 . 1936 .

Bi bl iography : 8 . Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ]10 8 75 . 1936 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 49 8

90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 1 16 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d . , Rés umé 141 , 144 , 146 ,

8 450 . 1959 ; Mold . , Rés umé Suppl . 15 : 5 . 1967 ; Mol d . , F i f t h S umm.

l : 212 , 229 , 235 , 8 240 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol .

Mem. 2 : 203 , 219 , 225 . 239, 8 538 . 1980 .

Th is var iety d i f f ers f rom t he typical formof t he species inhav i ng i t s pu bescence red- brown in color .

The var i et y is based on Schl Leben 4130 f romMas kat , at an al t i

t ude of 1500 m. , Morogoro Di s t r ict , Tanganyika , Tanzania , col l ect ed

on J u ly 12 , 1933 , and depos i t ed in t he Berl in herbarium, now unfor

t unat ely des t royed .

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Cl enodendnum 337

Col l ect ors descri be t hi s pl ant as a scandent , twiggy s hru b or

smal l t ree , 2 - 8 m. t al l , or l iana . wi t h a spreading crown, t he

woody pet iol ar Spines cm. l ong and upwardly curvat e , t he in

f l orescence composed of corymbose cymes , t he calyx green, t he corol

l a whi t e , t he f i l ament s whi t e , and t he ant hers bl acki sh. They havef ound i t growing at t he edges of woods and in t he s hade of t he unders t ory i h rainfores t s wi t h Aflnamomum anguAt Lgol Lum. in an area of

2500 mm. annual rainf al l , at al t i t udes of 1500 - 2260 m. , in ant hes i sin January and March t o J u ly . Schl ieben ref ers t o i t as

" scat t ered?Drummond 8 Hems l ey encount ered i t in upl and rainfores t by s t reamsunder Podocanpua , Macananga , n ygLum, et c . in Tanganyika .

The corol l as are said t o have been whi t e on Bequaent 4268,Dnammond z Hemsl ey 2838, Lebnun 4743, Mooney 9224 , and Schl Leben4130 8 4515. The only vernacu l ar name recorded for i t is

"schimbo

Thomas (1936) ci t es Goet ze 905, Pna e 6 .n. , Schl Leben 528, 4130,8 4515, and Thol l 5415 f romTanganyika .

Mat erial has been mi s ident i f ied and di s t r ibu t ed in some herbaria

as C . AynLngaegol Lum Baker .

C i t at ions : ETHIOPI A : Mooney 9224 (S ) . ZA I RE: Bequaeat 3620 (Br ) ,4268 (Br ) ; GheAQuLeae 4722 (Br , Br ) ; Lebnun 4743 (Br ) . TANZANI ATanganyika : Dnummond 2 Hemel ey 2838 (B, S ) ; Goet ze 905 (Br , N) ; Pet en 16505 (B) ; Schl Leben 528 (Br ) , 4 130 (B - i sot ype) . 4515

58 ,

)

Br , Mu , N, S ) ; Vol kenA 2072 (Br , L ) . KENYA : FaLea 8 FnLeA 1691

Br

CLERODENDRUM JOHORENSE Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 33 : 373 . 1976 .

Synonymy : Cl enodendnum Obl ongLéol Lum Kochummen , Mal ays . Fores t er41 : 29 8 f ig. 2 . 1978 . Cl enodendnon obl ongLéol ium Kochm. . in

herb .

Bi bl iography : Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 28 : 260 . 1976 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 33 : 373 (1976 ) and 34 : 265 . 1976 ; Anon. , Roy . Bot . Gard . Kew

Libr . Awaren . Li s t 6 : 26 . 1978 ; Kochummen , Mal ays . Fores t er 41 : 29 8

f ig. 2 . 1978 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 295 , 393 , 8 538 . 1980 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Kochummen , Mal ays . Fores t er 41 : f ig. 2 . 1978 .

A shru b , t o l m. t al l ; s t ems pal e- grayi s h , t et ragonal , of t en uh

branched , ampl iat e at t he nodes ; branches and branchl et s , when present , apparent ly very sl ender , densely pu beru l ent ; l eaves s impl e , de

cussat e-oppos i t e ; pet iol es very s l ender , el ongat e , 1 - 5 cm. l ong,

gl abrou s ; l eaf - bl ades t hin-membranou s ["t enui t er coriacea

"f ide Koch

ummen] , narrowly el l i pt ic or narrowly obl ong t o l anceol at e or sub

obl anceol at e , 5 - 20 cm. l ong, l cm. wide , bot h apical ly and

basa11y gradual ly at t enuat e , marginal ly ent ire , gl abrou s on bot h

s urf aces ; secondar ies abou t 14 pairs , arcuat e , conf l uent near t he

margins , incons picuou s above , di s t inct beneat h; inf l orescence t er

minal , sol i t ary , panicu l at e , l ong- peduncu l at e , densely pu beru l ent ,

nodding, t he panicl e l O- 30 cm. l ong, basa11y t o abou t 10 cm. wide ,

wi t h abou t 3 set s of Oppos i t e rami f icat ions , each rat her l ong and

apical ly t r i f urcat e , abou t 7- f l owered , densely pu beru l ent t hroughout ; bract s , when present , fol iaceou s , dimini shing in s ize upwards ,s u bt ending t he panicl e rami f icat ions , smal l , l ong

- s t ipi t at e , el l ipt ic , l - 2 cm. l ong, t o 4 mm. wide ; bract l et s l inear or s u bl inear , t o

338 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 5

mm. l ong, pu beru l ent or l i ght ly hirs u t e [ f ide Kochummen] ; f l owers pendu l ou s . abou t cm. l ong; calyx pal e-green, campanu l at e , a

bou t 5 mm. l ong and wide , ex t ernal ly densely pu beru l ent , 5- l obed ,

t he l obes l anceol at e or broadly t riangu l ar , f l at , abou t mm. l ong,

apical ly obt u se or acu t e ; corol l a inf undibu l ar , in bud abou t 11 mm.

l ong, whi t e , t he l imb 5- l obat e ; s t amens 4 , at t ached at t he base of

t he corol l a- t u be , abou t mm. long; f il ament s mm. l ong; an

t hers obl ong, l ongi t udinal ly dehi scent ; s t yl e abou t 7 mm. l ong;s t igma bi f id ; ovary cyl indric , abou t mm. [

"l . 5 cm/

"f ide Koch

ummen] l ong, 4 - cel l ed , wi t h one ov u l e in each cel l .

Thi s s pec ies i s based on R. B. PhLl l a 1640 f romMount Ophir ,

Johore , Mal aya , col l ect ed on Apr i l 20 , 1972 , and depos i t ed in t he

Uni vers i t y Of Mal aya herbar ium at Kual a Lumpur . The t ype Of C . 06

l Onn ol Lum is FRI . 5263 f rom al ong t he Kot a Tinggi road , Johore , de

pos i t ed in t he herbar i umof t he Fores t Research I ns t i t u t e at Kepong,

Sel angor .

Thi s very di s t inct i ve species in general great ly resembl es C .

nut ana JaCk and C . walc hLL Merr .

The Cochbunn SAN. 76818, di s t r ibu t ed as C . johonenae, act ual ly i s

C . elmenL Merr .

C i t at ions : MALA YA: Johore : R. B. PhLl l a 1640 (Ac - phot o of

t ype , Kl - 16829 - t ype , Ld - Dhot 0 o f t ype , N - phot o of t ype ) ; B. C .

St one 10726 (Kl - 15628 , La i MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS : Kochummen,

Mal ays . Forest er 41 : f ig. 2 . 1978 (Ld , Z) .

CLERODENDRUM KAEMPFERI (Jacq . ) S ieb Verh . Bat av . Genoot sch . [ Syn.

Pl . Decon . ] 31 [ as 1830 ; Mol d Geogr .

Dist ri b . Avicenn . 26 8 37 . 1939 [ not C . haempgenL F i sch1821 nom. nud . ]

Synonymy : Vol kameaL a haempgenL Jac0 . , Col l ect . Bot . 3 : 207 - 209 .

1789. Cl eaodendnum aquamat um Vahl . Symb . Bot . 2 : 74 . 1791 . Val ha

menLa haempfienLa na Jacq . , Icon . Pl . Rar . 3 : 01 . 500 . 1792 . Cl emodendnum flol LLa condat LA , Obacune angul at La; panLcul a namLa c hot o

mLa , gl abaLa Vahl ex Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot . 5 : 166 in

syn. 1804 . Vol kamenLa gol LLa condat La , pubeecent Lbua , dent ul at La

panLca la t w ilnalL , dLueALcat a; peduncul éa col oaat La Wi l l d . ex Poir .

in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot . 8 : 689 in syn . 1808 . Vol hameaLa golLLtcoadat LA , bubaot undLA , uLl lowl La; Kl an/ (but panLcul at LA , caul e

enect o Jacq . ex Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot . 8 : 689 in syn.

1808 . Val hamenLa hoemfienL Lam. ex Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot .

8 : 689. 1808 . Cl eaodendnum aquamat um Wi l l d . apud R. Br . in Ai t

Hort . Kew. , ed . 2 , 4 : 63 . 1812 . Val hameal a dent at a Roxb . , Hort .

Beng. , imp. 1 , 46 hyponym. 1814 ; F1 . I ndica , ed . 2 , imp. 1 , 3 : 61 .

1832 . Vol kamenLa haempfienL Wi l l d . apud S t eud . , Nom. Bot . Phan. , ed .

1 , 207 in syn. 182 1 ; Edwards , Bot . Reg. 8 : pl . 649 . 1822 . Val hameaLahaempéenLa Wil ld . apud Bl ume , Cat . Gewass . , imp. 1 , 85 . 1823 .

Cl enodendnon aquamat um Vahl ex Spreng. in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 16 , 2

759 . 1825 [ not C . aquamat um H. J . Lam, 1923 , nor Neal 8 Met zger ,

1934 , nor Rock , Vol kamenLa coc nea Lo isel .-Desl . , Herb . Am

at . 8 : pl . 519 . 1827. Cl eaodendnumaquamat um H. K . ex Loud . , Eh

cycl . Pl . 522 . 1829 . Cl enodendaon dent ut uni Roxb . ex Wal l . , Numer .

L i s t no . 1799 hyponym. 1829. [ t o be cont inued]

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340 P H Y T O L O G Vol . 61 , No .

2 211101

Fig. 1 . Ri cci a hawai i ensi s : a ) Part of t hal l us ; b ) submedi anl ongi t udinal sect i on of branch ; c , c

' ) t ransversalsect i ons ; 0 ) det ai l of sect ion near upper epidermi s ;e ) det ai l of t hal l us surf ace wi t h areol at i on (humidst at e ) ; f ) spore ; g) areol at i on of ext ernal spore

f ace .

l 986 HUrl imann. RLc a hawaLL enaLA 341

endemi c Port ul aca near bracki sh pond and ocean . Never seen

bef ore . Nov . 25 , 1985 . Ot t o and Isa Degener , no .

(Hol ot ypus Z , Isot ypus 0 , NY, PC and about 50 ot her inst i

t ut i ons ) . Addi t i onal mat eri al (no . a ) was col l ect ed

at t he same st at i on on Apri l 26 , 1986 by Ot t o Degener , Isa

Degener and Herbert Mann .

Ricci a hawai iensi s def i ni t el y bel ongs t o t he subgenus

Ri cci el l a Boul ay al t hough t he ai r chambers are

rat her narrow and high . It i s cl osel y rel at ed t o R. rechin

geri descri bed or i gi nal l y f rom t he i s l and of Upol u (Samoabut can be di st ingui shed as f ol l ows

R. hawai i ensi s R. rechingeri

Di st al t hal l us l inear- obl ong, l inear ,segment s - 2 mm broad - 1 mm broad

Thal l us sect i on sharpl y f urrowed wi t h broader f urrow

above t owards and , above ,margins at t enuat e margi ns rounded

Spores 10- 12 areol ae on 8- 10 areol ae on

di amet er di ame t er

For t he t ime being, t he quest i on remai ns open i f t he pl ant s

col l ect ed earl ier on t he i sl and of Hawai i (Scot t at Mi l l er ,

1958; Yoshida at Smi t h , 1976) real l y bel ong t o 13. rechingerior shoul d al so be assigned t o R. hawai i ensi s . Some f act s ,

especi al l y f orm and si ze of t he t hal l i , woul d f avour t he

l at t er choice , however , t he charact ers of t hal l us sect i ons

as shown by Scot t and Mi l l er 's i l l ust rat i on point t owards

No t ype of Ricci a rechi ngeri St eph . has been des i gnat ed so

f ar . The Rechinger col l ect i on i n Vi enna (U) cont ains two

sampl es , no . 2958 and no . 2967 , bot h col l ect ed on August 3 ,1905 "

am Uf er des ausget rocknet en Sees Lanuanea ca . 700 m" .

Bot h sampl es are al so present in St ephani's herbarium in G.

As t he l abel of no . 2958 i n G cont ains some di agnost ic not es

in St ephani's own handwri t ing, and as t he i l l ust rat i ons i n

hi s own unpubl i shed" I cones " ref er t o t he same col l ect i on

number , no . 2958 (G) shoul d be considered as t he l ect ot ype

(i sot ype U) .

My t hanks are due t o Drs . Ot t o and Isa Degener , Uai al ua ,

Oahu (Hawai i ) , f or sending me t hi s int erest ing mat eri al and

f or st imul at ing comment s , t o Mrs . S . Jovet f or many advi ce

and encouragement incl uding her own sket ches , and t o t he

Di rect ors and Curat ors of t he herbari a i n G and U f or t he

l oan of original mat eri al of R. rechingeri .

342 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

REFERENCES

Hoe , U. 3. 1978 . Riccia sorocarpa Bi sch . in Hawai i . Mi sc .

Bryol . Lichenol . 8 : 52- 53 .

Scot t , E. S. 8 Mi l l er , H.A. 1958 . Not es on Hawai i an

Hepat icae . I I . Ricci aceee . The Bryol ogi st 61 : 367- 370 .

Yoshida , L . 8 Smi t h , C.U. 1976 . Two recent t hal l oid

l iverwort s i nt roduced t o Hawai i . Bul l . Paci f . Tr0p. Bot .

Garden 6 : 18- 20 .

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344 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No .

a t an ax i l ; ped i ce l s 3 - 6 mm l ong , t oment ose ; ca l yx 8- 1 2

mm l ong , t oment ose ; t he l ob e s mm l ong , hemi sphe r i c ;coro l l a t ube 1 2 - 1 3 mm l ong , and t he l obe s 5 - 6 f ~ 5 mm.

N . i nconc i nnum ha s t he ped i ce l s 4 - 1 0 cm l ong , dense l y

f i xed , t he apex nar rowl y ob t u se , t he b a se rounded , bu t

t he ha l ve s unequa l , above pi l o su l ou s on and near t he

mi dr i b , be l ow dense l y so f t l y pi l ose ; f l ower s so l i t ary ;

ped i ce l s 6- 1 8 mm l ong , dense l y ascend i ng pi l osu l ou s ;ca l yx 1 4 - 1 8 mm l ong , t he l obe s 2 - 6 mm l ong , l anceo l a t e ;coro l l a t ube 2 5 mm l ong , and t he l ob e s 1 0 mm.

The new epi t he t i s t he L a t i n ad j ect i ve , i nconci nnu s

uneven b l ade b ase .

Legend

F i g . l . No t hoce s t rum i nconc i nnum St . J ohn , f rom t he

CL8 , f l ower , x 2 ; e , f ru i t , x 6 .

1986

F i g . 1 .

St . John. Not hoceat numa ona num

No t hoce s t rum i nconc i nnum S t . J ohn

345

THE MAIN TAXONOMIC VIEW POINTS ON THE

INTRA AND THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS

OF MELANTHIOIDEAE (LIL IACEAE)

Afaf Badawi

Bot . Dept . , Fac. of Sc. , Ain Shams Univ. ,

Abbasiya, Cairo, Egypt .

Melanthioideae is one of t he largest subfamilies of L iliaceae in

Engler (1888) syst em. It includes 6 t ribes: Tofieleae, Helonieae , Vera

t reae, Uvularieae, Anguillarieae and Colchiceae. This subfamily is

qu it e comparable t o Bentham 62 Hooker (1883) series C . However,t his series includes also Medeoleae (Asparagoideae

-Parideae in Engler).

Buxbaum (I937) separated t he t uberous members of Melant hioideae

in dist inct subfamily (W urmbaeoideae). This subfamily embodies Angu illarieae, Colchiceae, and Uvularieae p.p. (Gloriosa, L it t onia and Sander

sonia); whereas Melant hioideae s.s. includes the other 3 t ribes in addit ion

t o Uvularia , Kreysigia and t heir re lat i ves. Unlike W urmbaeoideae,t he rhizomatous Melant hioideae are mainly in Temp. N. hemisphereespecially N . America and Asia . W it hin Uvularieae , Uvularia (rhizomat ous) is N . am. while L it tonia, G loriosa and Sandersonia (t uberous)are t rop. and S . Af r. (cf . H u t chinson, The dist inct ion made byB uxbaum be t ween t he rhizomat ous and t he t uberous Melant hioideae

had promoted a number of t axonomic argument s regarding t he int er

rela t ionships within t his subfamily. Hegnauer (I963), W ildmann 6c P ursey( l986) and Huber (1969) gave support s for t he recognit ion of W urmbaeo

ideae.

W i t hin L iliaceae H u tchinson (1973) seemed not conv inced with

t he subfamilial relat ionships, t hough he laid too much st ress upon t he

nat u re of t he root stock; t hus he recognised 28 consecu t i ve t ribes.

In t his syst em Medeoleae is t ransferred t o Trilliaceae , while membersof Melant hioideae are arranged in 8 t ribes. However, t he arrange

ment of t hese t ribes ref lect s t heir vague relat ionships.

Takht ajan ( l980) ref lect ed a lso the heterogenity of Melanthioideae

s.l. He recognised 2 subfamilies (Melanthioideae and Colchicoideae)under Colchicaceae (L iliineae). This family embraces also Calochortoideae

(but not other Tulipeae). The Colchicoideae includes: Uvularieae,

G lorioseae, ScoIIOpeae Medeoleae , Parideae), Tricyrt ideae, Angu i llarieae and Colchiceae . Thus, Colchicoideae concept is wider t han

t ha t of W urmba ideae as to include in addit ion, Uvularia, Medeola

and their allies.

Badawi 61 Elwen (1986) using a numerical analysis proposed a

classificat ion for L iliaceae In this classifica t ion MelanthIOideae

is seriously disrupt ed; Verat reae is separated not only from ot her Melan

thioideae, but rat her from other liliaceous t axa on t he bases of a

number of correlated charact ers. W hile Parideae (Medeoleae) is grouped346

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348 P H Y T O L O G I A V01 . 61 , N0 . 5

wit h Uvularieae . All t he available informat ion substant iat es t hat Verat reaeis a na t ural fairly dist inct group, endemic to N . em., with relat ed

karyotype , marked capellary st ruct ure; and possessmg relat ed alkaloids

(cf . Hegnauer, 1963; Sen, 1975; S t erling,

According t o Takht a1an (l969) Melant hIOideae with Verat rumcomes nearest t o t he ancest ral t ype of L iliales; while H u tchinson (1973)had claimed t hat Heloniadeae is t he most ancient t ribe of L i liaceae,

being rhizomatous ebract eat e. Cheadle 61 Kosaki (l97l ), Sen (1975)support ed t he primit iveness of Heloniadeae . W hether, Verat reae or

Heloniadeae is t he nearst t o t he ancest ral origin of ot her liliaceoust axa , one can assume t hat t he rhizomatous nat ure of t he root stock

and t he presence of raphides, which are generally present in Verat reae

and He loniadeae , are among the characters of t he ancest ral "Melant himd"

origin.

In v iew of many accumu la t ed dat a Dahlgren e t al. (1985) showed

also t hat Melant hiOideae and Colchicmdeae can not , in any way,represent a nat u ral assemblage , and t he dist inct ion between t hem has

been raised to t he order rank . Unlike L i liales (which embraces Colchicoideae), t he Melant hia les endosperm format ion IS helobial, t he t epa ls

are less conspicous, rare ly Spot t ed or variega ted and t he raphides are

generally present . Melant hiales includes: Me lanthiaceae (incl. Pe t ro

saV Ieae) and Campynemaceae (Hypox idaceae p.p. of t he Haemodorales).Dahlgren e t a l. (1985) included members of Colchic0 1deae t oget her

W i t h members of Iridaceae , Orchidaceae and some minor fami lies in

Order L iliales. They dist ingu ished Colchicaceae , U v u lariaceae, Calochort aceae and L iliaceae Tulipeae including Gagea and Medea-Ia) amongt he IO families of t he L i liales. This classif icat ion emphasizes t he close

re la t ionship of not only Calochort us (as gi ven by Takht ajan, 1980) buta lso of a ll ot her members of Tulipeae t o members of Colchicoideae.

Hereagain, although Dahlgren e t a l. (1985) did not suggest any ancest ral

origin of L iliales from Melant hiales, t hey st at ed t ha t "within L iliales

f urt her dif ferent iat ion may ha ve gone t owards t he loss of raphides"

.

Elwen (l986) arranged L iliaceae as recognized by H u tchinsoni .s . excluding Parideae, which is a lso Dioscorea les in Dahlgren

e t al. in two groups. One of them accomoda t es only Uvularieae

s.I. (incl. Uvularia and G loriosa), Tricyrt ideae , Anguillarieae, Iphigenieae,Colchiceae and Tulipeae . In ot her words, one of t he two main groupsof L iliaceae (as recognized by H u tchinson) includes only Colchic0 ideae

and Tulipeae (incl. Calochortus), while all other liliaceous t axa are

in t he ot her main group. The dist inct ion between t hese two groupsis based ma inly on the presence or absence of raphides among high

t endencies of some other charact ers such as t he nat ure of t he root stock,

and t he venat ion t ype of t epa ls. Only W a lleria’

in t he "Colchicoideae dc

Tulipeae"

group contains oxalat e raphides.

W a lleria is most probably Tec0philaeaceae (cf . Dahlgren e t al. , 1985,Elwen, l986).

l 986 Badawi , Int ra int errel at ions hips of Md anxluéoi doae 349

The absence of raphides in members of Colchicoideae and Tulipeae

may dist ingu ish t hem as one ent it y W i t hin Liliaceae (in t he sense accept ed

by H u tchinson, Nevert heless, t he dist inct ion be tween membersof Tulipeae at one hand and t hose of Colchic0 ideae on t he ot her, was

over looked by Elwan In this classif icat ion Uvularieae (incl.Tricyrt ideae), Anguillarieae (incl. Iphegineae), Colchiceae and Tulipeae

are arranged in four dif ferent groups of t he same rank. However, t he

bu lbous nat ure of the root stock, the connat e styles and t he basif ixedst amens in Tulipeae subst ant ia te that t his t ribe is somewhat dist inct

from t he other three t ribes. An amendement shou ld be considered in

t his classif icat ion to indicat e such relat ionship.

Dahlgren et al. (1985) suspect ed that e it her or bot h Medeola

and ScoliOpus shou ld be ret a ined back from Trilliaceae, which contains

raphides (cf . Dahlgren e t al. , t o L iliaceae or U v u lariaceae .

Elwan (1979) recorded t he presence of raphides in Trillium ceruum

L . , T . govanianum W all. and Paris quadrifolia L . but not in Medeola

virginiana L . A lso Berg (1962) on embryological bases proved t ha t

Medeola and Scoliopus are not very much relat ed to Trilliaceae . Sen

(1975) on cytological bases, suggest ed t he exclusion of ScoliOpus in

a t ribe near Calochort eae . It seemed more accept able, so far, to consider

Trillium and Paris in Trilliaceae , while prov isionally Medeola and ScoliOpus

are supplemented in Uvularieae or Tulipeae which represent t he nearst

de void of raphides liliaceous relat ives.

References

Badawi, Afaf Gt Elwan, Zeinab A t axonomic st udy of L iliaceae

I-N umerical analysis. Phytologia, (60) 3: 201- 2 13.

Bent ham, G . 6: Hooker, J .D. Genera Plant arum, Vol. III, part 2 .

Reeve , London.

Berg, R .Y . Cont ribu t ion t o t he comparat ive embryology of

L iliaceae: Scoliopus, Trillium, Paris and Medeola . Skr. Nor. Vidensk

Akad. 0 510 N . Ser. ,ti : I-64 .

Buxbaum, F . Die Ent W icklungslinien der L iliOideae . l - W urmba i

deae . Bot anisches Archi v , 38: 2 13-93.

C headle, V.I. dc Kosakai, H . Vessels in L iliaceae . Phyt omorphology,2 1: 320-333.

Dahlgren, C lif ford, H .T. dc Yeo, P .F . The families of t he

monocotyledons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo .

Elwan, Zeinab A t axonomic st udy of t he L iliaceae sensu lat o .

M .Sc. t hesis, Bot . Dept . Fac. of Sc. , Ain Shams Uni v . , Cairo,Egym

Elwan, Zeinab (l986). Syst emat ic st udies on some li liaceous t axa . Ph.D.

t hesis, Bot . Dept . , Fac. of Sc. , A in Shams Uni v . , Cairo, Egypt .

Engler, A . L iliaceae in Engler and Prant l. Die Nat urlichen

Pf lanzenfamilien, 2 10- 158.

350 P H Y T O L O G I A V0 1 . 6I , N0 . 5

Hegnaeur, R . (I963). Chemot axonomic der Pf lanzen. II . Monocot yledoneae .

Basel. B irrkhauser Verl.

Huber, H . Die Samenmerkmale und Verwandt schaf t sverhalt nisse

der L iliif lorae. Mit t e ilunger der Bot anischen Staat sammlung.

Miinchen, 8: 2 19-238.

Hut chinson, J . The families of f lowering plant s, 3rd ed. C larendon

Press, Oxford.

Sen, Sumit ra Cyt ot axonomy of L iliales. Feddes Repertori um,

86 255- 305 .

St erling, C larence Compara t ive morphology of t he carpel in

t he L iliaceae: Verat reae . Bot . J . of t he L innean Socie t y, 80 ( I )57-77.

Takhtajan, A . Flowering plant s. Origin and dispersal. Oli verand Boyd, Edinburgh .

Takhtajan , A . O u t line of t he classif ica t ion of f lowering plant s

(MagnOUOphyt a). Bot . Rev. , 06: 225—359.

W ildman, W .C . Pursey, B .A . Colchicme and re lat ed compounds.

Alkaloids, 1 1 : 3074 405 .

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352 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , NO . 5

THE NATURAL I ST IN NI CARAGUA by Thomas Bel t , 2nd Edi t ion, wi t h a

Foreword by Daniel H. Janzen, x x v i i 403 pp. , l b/w map, l 7f ig. , l 0 phot o . l t ab . , Uni vers ity of Chicago Pres s , Chicago ,

I l l inoi s 60637 . l 985 . cl ot hbound paperbound .

The au t hor , Thomas Bel t (l 832 was a widely t ravel edEngl i s h mining engineer who was al so an excel l ent nat u ral i s t . Thi saccount of hi s l e i s u re t ime col l ect ing t r ips was f irs t pu bl i s hed inl 874 and was descr i bed by Charl es Darwin in t hat year as t he bes tof al l nat u ral hi s t ory Journal s which have ever been pu bl i s hed in a

l et t er t o Sir J . D. Hooker . The pref ace t o t he Engl i s h print ed 2ndedit ion of 1888 gi ves a f ine account of Bel t

‘ s brief l i f e , jou rneysand sc ient i f ic papers . Today

' s ecol ogi s t Dan Janzen's added f ore

word emphas izes t hat t hi s book i s a wonderf u l 4 -year record of t hese

t ropics of over 100 years ago and warns aga ins t our l et t ing t hi sexcel l ent account cease t o be an int roduct ion t o t he spl endors of

t he t ropics"

and ins t ead become an obi t uary for t hem Topics discu s sed in each chapt er are l i s t ed at t he beginnings , s uch as : de

scr ipt ion of San Ant onio val l ey , pi t cher- f l owered Marcgrav ias ,f l owers f ert i l ized by humming birds , s t or ies abou t wasps , myr iapods ,t apir s , j aguar s , s ummit of Pena Bl anca . The t ext seems so real

becau se i t is u sual ly rendered in t he f irst person" I " or

"we

".

A CONS C IOUS STI LLNESS Two Nat ural i s t s on Thoreau ' s Ri ver byAnn Zwinger Edwin Way Teal e , x x i i 8 243 pp. , 2 end pl at es ,12 maps , 29 b/w draw. 8 27 phot o . , Harper Row Pu bl i s her s ,New York , N. Y. l 0022 . l 982 . cl ot hbound Uni ver s i t yof Mas sachu set t s , P. 0 . Box 429 , Amhers t , Mas s achu s et t s 01002 .

l 984 . paperbound .

Reading t hi s book in i t s ent iret y or i n snat ches is a s heer de

l ight of t he care and probl em- eradicat ing type as t he two es t abl ished nat ure- sens i t i ve au t hors s hare t heir S i ght s and t hought swhil e t hey canoe t he S udbury and Assabet Ri vers of Ma s sachu set t swhich t oget her f orm t he Concord . Prev iou sly and s imi l arly Thoreauwrot e of hi s t r ips on t he Concord , as t he t i t l e indicat es . Teal e

‘ sdeat h prevent ed t he compl et ion of his wr i t ing, but Ann Zwinger and

Mrs . Nel l ie Teal e have managed t o compl et e t h is beau t i f u l t as kand in spl endid f as hion . What a wonder f u l l egacy Edwin Way Teal e

has l ef t u s in t he remembrance of hi s l ect u res , f iel d t r ips and

conservat ion ef f ort s and in t he form of his many beau t i f u l bookss t i l l in wide c ircu l at ion .

Vol. 61 December 1986 No . 6

CONTENTS

LIOGIER, A.H . , Novitates antillanae. XII

NEVLING , L.l. , Jr. BARR INGER , K New and noteworthy

species of Daphnopsis (Thymelaeaceae) from M exico and

BROWN , L.E . , A new species of Rudbeckia (Asteraceae

SHARP, A.J . , Streptopogon juarezn n. sp. and Trematodon

GARZA BARRIENTOS , M .A WAKSMAN , N PlNEYRO-LOPEZ,

A WALLANDER, B Estudios quimicos preliminares en

algas marinas clorofitas del Golfo de M exico

MOLDENKE, H .N Notes on the genus Clerodendrum

MOLDENKE , A.L . , Book reviews

Published by Harold N . Moldenke and Alma L. Ml gNie'

l 2 1987590 Hemlock Avenue N W .

Corvallis, Oregon 97330-3818U .S .A.

Price of this number for this volume in advance or

afterclose of the volume; extra to all foreign addresses anddomestic

dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lostin the mailmust be made immediately after receipt of the next followingnumber for free replacement ; back volume prices apply if payment isreceived after a volume is closed.

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354 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 6

t ra mm di am. ; pe t a l a non v i sa ; f i l amen t a ad 3 mm l onga , ant herae

subquadra t ae ; b accae in p ara t ypo (Acev edo C . Laboy 349) gl obosae ,

5 mm di am. , dense gl andu l oso-

granu l a t ae , l imb o ca l yci no corona t ae .

PUERTO RICO: Ri o Ab aj o Fores t , Parce l a 3A Ma rch 16 , 1 983 ,

Pedro Ace vedo 36 (Type : UPR , Iso t yl e : NY ) ; i d Los P uercos , 8 J une1 983 , Pedro Ace vedo C . L ab oy 349 (DPR)

Th i s speci es reminds o f C . n ummu l ar i a Berg , of Hi spani ol a ; t hi s

l a s t speci es di f f er s by i t s yo ung branches 2- l inea t e , gl andu l arpunc t a t e , gl ab rou s ; t he l eav es are reni f orm, t he s i ze vari ab l e i n

s t er i l e and f l ower i ng b ranches , t he mi dnerv e pl ane abov e , t he l a t e

ra l nerves promi nen t on bo t h s ur f aces , t he inf l orescences t r i cho t o

mou s , t he f l ower b uds gl obose , no t or scarce l y api cu l a t e , 3 mm in

di ame t er . Named a f t er i t s co l l ec t or , Pedro Acev edo .

Fr u t ex 3- 4 m a l t u s , rami cor t i ce gr i seo , hornot ini pl u s min u scompress i l i neol a t o- a l a t i , gl abr i , egl andu l os i ; hypsophyl l a non v i sa ;

f o l i a sub s es s i l i a , e l l ipt i ca , rhomboi dea ve l obova t a , 2 cm l onga ,

1 cm l a t a , api ce ob t u sa v e l b reve cu spi da t a , api ce i pso ob t uso ,

b as i cunea t a , nerv o medi o s upra inf erne pl u s mi n u s impresso , ad api

cem v er s u s appl ana t o , superne prominent e , l a t era l i bu s u t roque 1 2- 1 5 ,

sub angu l o 45°

ab eun t i bu s , u t r i nque aequa l i t er prominu l i s , ad ma rgi

nem anas t omosan t i bus , margine pl ana , punct i s gl andu l os i s minu t i s

s upra sub impres s i s , sub t u s promi nu l i s pe l l uci di s , l amina s upra o l i

v acea , sub t us pa l l i di ora , char t acea . Cae t era non ob serva t a in speci

mi na s t udi a t a ; f l ores a l b i .

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : Fi rme Bani l ej o , P i edra Bl anca , a l t . 800 m,

1 9981 (NY) .

Thi s speci e s di f f er s f rom g. grandi s Urb . Ekm. by i t s l eaves ,

wh i ch are l anceo l a t e and acumi na t e and - 5 cm l ong in C . grandi s .

Al t ho ugh t he t ype specimen was co l l ec t ed wi t h f l owers , i t has been

impos s i b l e t o s t u dy t hem.

Fr u t ex 3 m a l t u s ; rami di cho t omi , horno t ini t ere t e s , pi l i s mi

nu t i s aequa l i t er di brachi i s pa rci s e t v ix conspi cu i s b runne i s ob s i t i ,

mox gl abrescen t e s , gl andu l oso-

granu l a t i ; f o l i a e l l i pt i ca , 3- 7 cm

l onga , 2 cm l a t a , api ce acumina t a ve l cu spi da t a , raro acu t a , bas i

ob t u sa v e l a t t enua t a , ner vo medi o s upra ad b as in impresso , api ce ver

su s appl ana t o , ner v i s l a t era l i bu s s upra ob so l e t i s sub t us u t roque 1 a

t ere 14- 18 , v i x prominu l i s , s upra non ve l v ix punc t a t a , punc t i s gl an

du l os i s sub t us spars i s non pe l l uci di s , s upra ob scure v i r i di a sub t us

pa l l i di ora ; pe t i o l i 2—3 mm l ongi ; i nf l orescen t i ae pauci f l orae 1 - 2 ad

bas in ramu l orum horno t i norum; peduncu l i - 3 cm l ongi sparse pi l os i ,

gl andu l oso-

granu l a t i , pedi ce l l i 0 - 5 mm l ongi ; a l abas t ra e l l i psoi dea

mm l onga , gl andu l oso-

granu l a t a ; hypant hi um campanu l a t um - 3 mm

l ongum; ca l ypt ra 2 mm di am. ; cae t era i gno t a .

l 986 Liogier , Novi t at es ant i l l anae 355

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : Cabe zadas de Ci énaga de l a Cu l a t a , Cons t an

za , a l t . m, 1 6 Oc t . 1968 , Al a in H . L i ogi er 1 3071 (Hol o t ypu sNY , Isot ypus : US) ; Loma Campanari o , Ci énaga de l a Cu l a t a , Cons t anza ,

16060 , 16065 (NY) .

Cl ose t o Q, grandi s Urb . G Ekm. ; t hi s l as t speci es has muchnarrower l eav es , and many l a t era l nerves .

Fru t ex m a l t u s ; horno t i n i purpurascen t e s l i neo l a t i gl ab r i

egl andu l os i ; rami v e t u s t i ore s t ere t e s gr i seo-

pu rpure i ; f o l i a sub

se s s i l i a ova t e- l anceo l a t a 3- 4 cm l onga , 8- 1 2 mm l a t a , api ce l onge

ca uda t o- acumina t a , ba s i angu s t a t a inf erne l a t i s s ima , nerv o medi o

s upra impres so sub t u s prominen t e l a t era l i bus u t roque l a t ere n umeros i s , u t r i nque t enu i t er promi nen t i bu s i n nerv i um 1 mm a margi ne

anas t omosan t i bu s , s upra punc t i s gl andu l os i s minu t i s pare i s impre

ss i s , sub t u s egl andu l osa pa l l i di ora , char t acea ; i n f l orescen t i ae

(j uv eni l e s t an t um v i sae ) ad api cem ramor um 2 , 3- f l orae ; peduncu l i4 - 5 mm l ongi , appl ana t i , pu rpure i , gl abr i , egl andu l os i ; a l ab as t r a

sess i l i a e l l i pso i dea , mm l onga , purpurea , gl abra , api cu l a t a ;cae t era non v i sa .

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : In a rav ine , Gorge o f Arroyo de l a Sa l ,

abov e J imenoa Dam, J arabacoa , a l t o approx . 900 m, l 9 J une 1968 , A .

(NY , US) .

Near Q. a l ophyl l a Urb . Ekm. ; t hi s l as t speci es di f f er s by i t s

mu ch l arger l eav es (6—1 3 cm l ong) , pi l ose when young; i n f l orescence s

2 - 3 wi t h a peduncl e 2—3 . S cm l ong.

Ca l yp t ran t hes l imonc i l l o Al a i n , sp . nov .

Fr u t ex 5 m a l t u s ; rami horno t i ni 2 - l i nea t i , pi l i s aequa l i t e r

d i brach i i s f e rrugine i s puber u l a , egl andu l osa ; rami ve t u s t i ores t ere

t es , gr i seo- r ubr i , gl abr i , egl andu l os i ; f o l i a l a t i ss ime ov a t a ad or

b i cu l a r i a ,- 5 cm l onga , 3 cm l a t a , api ce ro t unda t a , ob t u sa

ve l b rev i t er C u spi da t a , b as i ro t unda t a se s s i l i a , nerv o medi o s upraimpre s so sub t u s promi nu l o , l a t era l i bus u t roqu e l a t ere va l de numeros i s

sub angu l o ca . 80°

abeun t i bu s , u t r inque t enu i t er prominu l i s , ad ner

v i um 2 mm e margine ana s t omosan t i bu s , punc t i s gl andu l os i s mi nu t i s s i

mi s s upra impres s i s , sub t u s ob sol e t i s , s upra ol i vacea , sub t u s pa l l i

da , gl abra char t acea ; i nf l orescent i ae ( un i ca t an t um v i sa ) ver i s imi l i

t er 1 - 3 axi l l ares , peduncu l o t era t i gl ab ro , 1 cm l ongo ; f l ores 3 ,

sess i l es ; f r u c t u s gl ob os u s , 5 mm l ongu s , 5- 6 mm l a t u s , den se gl andu

l oso-

gran u l os u s , l imbo cal ycino corona t u s .

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : In f ore s t , a l ong Tab l ones r i v er , Ci énaga de

Manab ao , J arabacoa , a l t . m, 1 4 Aug . 1 968 , Al a in H . L i o

J u l . 1 973 , Al a i n Per f a L i ogi er 1 9487 (NY , SD) ; Cons t anza , El Con

356 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

ven t o , 7 Apr . 1 968 , José J . J iméne z 5409 (NY ) .

In t he v i cini t y of C . myrci oi des Urb . Ekm. , whi ch has e l l ip

t i c- l anceol a t e , cm b road l eaves , ac umina t e t o ca uda t e - acu

mi na t e a t apex .

Fr u t ex v e l arbor par va u sque 6 m a l t a ; rami hornot ini t ere t es

gl abr i gr i se i egl andu l os i , s t r i a t i , ve t u s t i ores n i grescen t es cor t i

ce f i sso ; f ol i a u sque 3 mm l onge pe t i ol a t a , el l ipt i ca , 7- 10 cm l onga

4 cm l a t a , api ce cu spi da t a , api ce ipso angu s t e rot unda t o , raro

ob t u sa v e l ro t unda t a , bas i ob t u sa v el l a t e cunea t a in pe t i ol um an

gu s t a t a , nervo medi o s upra impresso , sub t u s promi nen t e , l a t era l i bus

u t roque l a t ere 8- 1 0 , u t r inque prominen t i bus , nerv i s secundar i i s in

t ermedi i s t enu i or i bu s , omn i b u s i n nerv i um 1 mm a ma rgine remo t o

arc ua t o- conj unc t i s , v eni s l axe re t i cu l a t i s sub t u s prominu l i s ,

punc t i s gl andu l os i s s upra ob sol e t i s , sub t us crebr i s pel l uci di s , l am

mina cor i acea u t r i nqu e ni t i da gl ab ra ; f l ores ses s i l es v e l sub sess i

l es , 2- 4 in gl omeru l os ax i l l ares ve l t ermina l es , pedi ce l l i u sque 2

mm l ongi ; prophyl l a ov a t a 3- 4 mm l onga , 2- 3 mm l a t a , api ce ro t undat a gl ab ra , gl andu l oso-

punct a t a ; a l aba s t ra e l l ipsoi dea 1 cm l onga , 4- 5

mm l a t a , api ce api cu l a t a gl andu l oso-

punc t a t a gl abra ; cae t era i gnot a .

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC : In ra i n f ores t , Mon t eada Nueva , Cafia Brava ,

Barahona , a l t . m, J une 1 5 , 1 968 (Hol o t ypus : Al a in H . L i ogi er

1 1636 , US) .

Th i s gen u s con t a i ns t o t he presen t 7 speci es ; t h i s new one i s

near t o C . brac t eosa (Urb . ) Burre t , whose f l ower b uds are pyr i f orm,

t r unca t e a t apex ; t he b ranchl e t s are gl andu l ar- punct a t e , t he l eaves

ob t u se .

Eugen i a cacumini s Al a in , sp . nov .

Fr u t ex 2 m a l t u s ; rami horno t i ni compres s i gl abr i gl andu l osopunc t a t i , geumwe adpre sse

-

pi l osae ; rami v e t us t i ore s l aev es cor t i ce

b runneo ; f o l i a 3- 5 mm l onge pe t i ol a t a , ob l ongo- e l l i pt i ca ve l el l ip

t i ca , 5- 8 cm l onga , 2 cm l a t a , api ce ac uminat a , ob t u sa ve l t o

t unda t a , bas i cunea t a , ner v o medi o s upra impres so sub t us prominen t e ,

ner v i s l a t era l i bu s numeros i s sub angu l o 60°- 70

°abeunt i bu s , u t r inque

promi nu l i s , punct i s gl andu l os i s s upra nu l l i s ve l ob sol e t e impres si s ,

sub t u s minu t i s v ix promi nu l i s , ma rgine pl ana char t acea , s upra in

s i cco gr i seo- ni t i da , sub t u s v i r i di a ; inf l orescen t i ae racemosae ax i l

l ares u squ e cm l ongae ve l in pani cu l am t ermi na l i s compos i t a 14

cm l ongam; brac t eae de l t oi deae acu t ae mm l ongae ad medi um pedun

c u l i adna t 33 ; peduncu 1 i 5- 8 mm l ongi s t r i a t i gl ab r i , gl andu l os i ; brac

t eo l ae l a t e de l t oi deae mm l ongae , 1 mm l a t ae , ob t usae ve l acu t ae

ci l i a t ae gl andu l osae ; pedi ce l l i usqu e 1 mm l ongi , s t r i gos i ; hypan

t hi un campan u l a t u s , 1 mm l ongu s , gl andu l os u s ; sepa l a ova t o- ob l onga ,

inaequ i l onga , ma j ores 2 mm l onga , mm l a t a , gl andu l osa , ci l i a t a ,

mi nora l a t e ov a t a , mm l onga e t l a t a , u t r inque dense pi l osa ,

gl andu l osa , ci l i a t a ; pe t a l a ob l onga 8 mm l onga , gl andu l osa gl ab ra ,

ci l i a t a ; f r uc t u s non v i s i .

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358 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

Thi s pl an t remi nds of E . bogueronens i s Br i t t f rom Puer t oRi co ; t hi s l a s t speci es has t he l eav es pubescen t on t he nerves

b enea t h , t he f l owers in shor t racemes , t he ca l yx l ob es pubescent ;t he ou t s t andi ng charact er in t hi s speci e s are t he 8 whi t i sh l ines

on t he ca l yx .

Eugen i a ho l dr i dge i Al a in . sp. nov .

Arbor parv a ; rami hornot i n i t ere t i gl abr i egl andu l os i spin i

f ormes ; cor t i ce gr i see f i sso ; f ol i a e l l i pt i ca , obova t a ve l orb i cul ar i a , 3—5 mm l onga , 2- 3 mm l a t a , api ce pl u s minu s ema rgina t a vel

t r unca t a , b as i ob t u sa v e l rot unda t a , nervo medi o u t r inque prominu l o ,

l a t era l i bu s u t roque l a t ere 2- 3 sub angu l o 30°- 40

°abeun t i bu s , u t r in

que promi nu l i s ad marginem ana s t omosant i bus , ma rgine incrassa t a t e

cur vo , v en i s subnu l l i s , gl andu l i s u t r inque prominu l i s pe l l uci di s ,

gl abra , subcor i acea ; pe t i o l u s 0- 1 mm l ongu s ; peduncu l i sol i t ar i i ad

nodos ve t u s t os , 2 mm l ongi ; b rac t eol a e ob l ongae , mm l ongae ci

l i a t ae ; f l ores non v i s i ; f r u c t u s (j uven i l i ) e l l ipsoi de i 3 mm l ongi 2

2 mm l a t i , dense gl andu l oso- gran u l ar i , ca l yci s l ob i caduci ; semina 1 .

HAITI : Morne des Commi ssa i res , Savane Jean Lou i s , m a l t

J une 4 , 1 945 , Hol dr i dge 2080 (Hol o t ypu s : US) .

A very s t r i k ing speci es , wi t h sma l l , nearl y al l obcorda t e l eaves

wi t h t hi ckened margins t he s u r f ace sh iny ; t he ca l yx - l obes are earl ycaducou s i n t he young f r u i t .

Euggni§_iimgnggii Al ai n , sp . nov .

Arbor par va , 6—7 m a l t a ; rami horno t in i gl ab r i , gemmae f errugi

neo-

pi l osu l ae ; rami ve t u s t i ores gr i se i cor t i ce f i sso ; f o l ia u sque 5

mm l onge pe t i ol a t a , l amina char t acea ob l ongo- e l l ipt i ca ve l ob l ongo

l anceol a t a , 3- 6 cm l onga , 1 cm l a t a , api ce vers u s sens im angu s t at a , api ce ipso acu t a v e l angu s t e ob t u so , bas i cunea t a i n pe t i o l um

pro t rac t a , nerv o medi o s upra impre s so , ad api cem ev anescen t e , sub t u s

per t o t am l ongi t udinem prominen t e , l a t era l i bu s u t roque l a t ere 5- 8 ,

u t r i nque prominu l i s , ad ma rginem conj unc t i s , ven i s mu l l i s , margine

b rev i t er recurv a t o , punc t i s gl andu l os i s u t r inque l ev i t er prominu l i s ,

v i x v el non pe l l uci di s , i n s i cco s upra ob scu re v i r i dia , sub t us pa l l i

di ora ; in f l orescen t i ae ser i ceo- f errugineae , gl abrae ; f l ores in cymas

abb rev i a t a s i n ramu l i t ermina l efive l ax i l l ares sol i t ar i i ; peduncu l iv i x 1 mm l ongi , b ract eae angu s t e de l t o i deae acu t ae mm l ongae

mm l a t ae , pedi ce l l i u sque 2 mm l ongi , brac t eol ae brev i t er l ineares ,

1 mm l ongae ; hypan t hi um campanu l a t um 1 mm l ongum, ser iceum; l ob i 4 ,

subaequ i l ongi ob l ongi 2 mm l ongi mm l a t i , spa rse s t r i gos i , gl an

du l oso-

punct a t i gl andu l i s pe l l uci di s , ci l i a t i ; pe t a l a e l l ipt i ca 4 mm

l onga , gl andu l oso—punc t a t a , ci l i a t a ; recept acu l um gl abr um; s t amina

numerosa , f i l amen t a 3 mm l onga , an t herae quadra t o- ro t unda t ae ; s t yl u s4 mm l ongu s , s t i gma punc t i f orme ; bacca non v i sa .

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : J a i qu i Pi cao , 20 mi l es Wes t of San t i ago , on

l imes t one hi l l , 300- 400 m a l t 23 May 1 969 , Al a i n H . L i ogi er 1 5349

(Ho l o t ypu s zNY ; Iso t ypu s : US) .

Thi s speci es mi gh t b e cons i dered as near t o E . rhombea and E .

ax i l l a r i s ; t he f ormer ha s rhomb i c- ova t e l eaves and gl abrou s ca l yx

l 986 Liogier , Novi t at es ant i l l anae 359

l obes ; t he l a t t er ha s gl abrou s b ranches , t he f l owers racemose , t he

ca l yx- l obes gl abrou s on t he s u rf ace , t he pe t a l s 1 mm l ong .

Named a f t er t he l a t e J osé J . J iménez , en t h u s i as t i c bo t an i s t in

t he Domin i can Repub l i c , who di rect ed me t o t he t ype l oca l i t y of t h i s

speci es .

Eugeni a padron i i Al a in , sp . nov .

Arbor , ci rca 10 m a l t a , gl abra ; ramu l i compress i v i r i di non

gl andu l i f er i , v e t us t i ores ci nera scen t es cor t i ce s t r i a t o ; pe t i ol i

u sque 5 mm l ongi s upra l ev i t er cana l i cu l a t i ; f ol i a subcor i acea an

gus t e e l l i pt i ca ve l ob l ongo- e l l ipt i ca , cm l onga , cm

l a t a , api ce ro t unda t a , b as i ac u t a i n pe t i ol um sens im pro t ract a , nervo

medi o s upra appl ana t o v e l bas in ver s u s prominu l o in t erdum l e v i t erimpres so sub t u s prominen t e ; nerv i s l a t era l i bu s supra v ix obv i i s

u t roque l a t ere u squ e 8 , sub t u s pl u s mi nu s obv i i s in nerv o submargi

na l i conj unc t i s , ma rgine i ncrassa t o l e v i t er recu rva , punct i s gl an

du l os i s s upra ob sol e t i s , sub t u s prominu l i s pl u s minu s pe l l uci di s ,

s upra v i r i di a , sub t u s pa l l i di ora ; f l ores ad ramos v e t u s t i ores ses s i

l es 1 - 2 ,_v er i s imi l i t er ad f o l i orum del apsorum ax i l l a s ; b rac t eae

nu l l ae ; ca l yci s t ub u s campanu l a t u s mm l ongu s , dense gl andu l osogranu l a t us , l ob i 4 , semi orb i cu l ares , subaequa l es , 2 mm l ongi , 2 mm

l a t i , gl andu l i s pe l l uci di s spars i s ob s i t i ; pe t a l a non v i sa ; s t an ino

rum recept acu l um annu l u s f ormans , m di am. , mm l a t um, dense

e t mi nu t e f err ugineo-

pi l os um, e v es t i gi i s s t ami na pl ur i ser i a t a ; ova

r i i apex gl aber ; baccae subgl obosae ( 2 imma t urae ) 7 mm l ongae 5 mm l a

t ae , n i grae , ca l yci s l ob i s corona t ae , 2- spermae .

PUERTO RICO: Ma r i cao S t a t e Fores t , abou t 800 m a l t J an . 1 986 ,

Iso t ypu s : NY) ; i d J une 10 , 1970 , R . O . Woodb ury S . n . ; i d J une 20 ,

2 7 , 1985 , Al a in H . L i ogi er 35679 (UPR) .

Thi s spec i es mi gh t be cons i dered near t o E . se ss i l i f l ora Vah l ,

f rom t he coas t a l f or es t s i n Puer t o Ri co and t he Vi rgi n Is l ands ; t hi s

l as t speci e s has t he l eave s cor i aceou s , ova l , e l l i pt i c or suborb i cu

l ar , t he nerv e s and v e ins promi nen t ; t he f l ower s are l arger ( 1 2 mm

across ) , t he ca l yx l obes 4—6 mm l ong ,b l ack -

gl andu l ar ; t he berr i es

are l arger (2 cm i n

Ano t her Speci es i n t he same gro up , B . s i n t en i s i i Ki aersk . has

l ea ve s ova t e t o ob ov a t e , membranou s , t he nerves prominu l ou s b enea t h ,

t he margin no t t hi ckened , t he ca l yx- l ob es ob l ong .

Named a f t er Rubén Padr6n , keeper of t he Mar i cao St a t e Fores t ,

who f or t he f i rs t t ime co l l ect ed t he pl ant i n f l ower and f r u i t .

Eugeni a samanens i s Al a in , Sp . nov .

s t a t u ra medi a ; ramu l i pl u s minu s compres s i , gl a

br i , spar se gl andu l oso-

granu l a t i , brunne i ; rami ve t u s t i ores cor t i ce

gr i seo f i sso ; f o l i a 2- 4 mm l onge pe t i o l a t a , l amina cor i acea , l a t e

e l l i pt i ca , e l l ipt i ca ve l suborb i cu l a t a ,- 7 cm l onga ,

- 5 cm l a t a

api ce ro t unda t a rar i s s ime re t u sa , bas i ro t unda t a v e l l a t e ob t u sa ,

ner vo medi o s upra impresso sub t us promi nent e api cem ver s u s ev anes

360 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

cen t e , l a t era l i bu s u t roque l a t ere 8 10 , u t r inque par um prominu l i s ,

v ani s re t i cu l a t o- anas t omosant i bus , s upra gr i sea , gl andu l i s mi nu t i s

parce promi nu l i s , sub t u s i n s i cco brunneo-

pa l l i di ora , punc t i s gl an

du l osi s spar s i s non pe l l uci di s ; f l ores i n a l abas t ra t an t um v i s i , inr

acemos 1 - 2 ax i l l ares gl abr i , cm l ongi ; peduncu l o cm l ongo ,

unneo-

gl andu l oso ; pedi ce l l i u sque 4 mm l ongi , l —2- f l or i ; prophyl l a

d eci dua non v i di ; ca l yci s l ob i sub aequ i l ongi , orb i cu l ares , mm

l ongi , api ce ro t unda t i , margine ci l i a t i , gl andu l oso—punct a t i ; pe t a l a

e t f r uct u s non v i di .

DOMINICAN REPUBL IC : Sl ope o f Pan de Azficar , Samané , c . 400 m

a l t May 31 , 1 930 , Ekman 1 51 78 (Hol o t ypu s : US ; Iso t ypus : S) .

A di s t i nc t speci es by i t s ro unded re t i cu l a t e l eaves , and i t s

shor t l y racemose i n f l orescences . Near t o E . yumana Al ai n , wi t h

t ermina l gro ups of f l ower s ; t he l eaves have impressed gl andu l ar do t s

abov e .

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Vo l ub i l i s ; ramu l i b i f ar i an re t ror so-pi l osu l i , v i r i di ; f o l i a 1

cm l onge pe t i ol a t a , pe t i o l o s upra su l ca t o , gl abro ve l spar se pi

l oso ; l ami na e l l i pt i co- l anceo l a t a 6- 9 cm l onga ,

- 3 cm l a t a , api ce

sens im acumina t a , bas in vers u s angu s t a t a , bas i ipsa subro t unda t a ,

nervo medi o s upra appl ana t o sub t us promi nent e , l a t era l i bu s u t roque

l a t ere 5 , u t r inque appl ana t i s v e l sub impress i s , ad marginem arcua t i s

e t arcu a t e - conj unc t i s , gl ab ra , s upra v i r i di a sub t us pa l l i di ora , mem

branacea , margi ne i n t egra pl ana ; cymas ax i l l ares , pauci f l oras , pedun

cu l i b i f ar i an pi l osu l i ; sepa l a ova t o- l anceo l a t a , 3 mm l onga , 1

mm l a t a , api ce ob t u sa , nervo medi o parce pi l osa ; coro l l a ro t a t a , 1 0

b i s e l l i pt i co—ob l ongi s , 2 mm l ongi s , mm l a t i s , ro t unda t i s , im

br i Ca t i s ; corona 5- l ob a t a , l ob i s t r i angu l ar i bus mm l ongi s , gl a

b r i s ; gynos t egi um depres s um, 2 mm di am. , 5- angu l os um, pol l ini a obo

v a t a , hor i zon t a l i a , compre s sa , gl andu l a n i gra , t rans l a t ores subnu l l i

cae t era i gno t a .

PUERTO RICO: Cerro Pe l ucho , San Lorenzo , a l t . 400- 500 m, March

8 , 1984 , Al a i n Per f a L i ogi er , L u i s F . Ma r t orel l 351 1 1 (Hol ot ypus

UPR) .

Thi s speci es seems t o b e near t o Ma t e l ea cons t anzana J iméne z(=Po i ci l l ops i s t uerckhe imi i f rom Hi spani o l a ; t hi s l as t

Speci es has much sma l l er l ea v e s ( t o cm l ong , and cm broad) ,

t he se a re puber u l ou s ; t he ca l yx- l obes a re sma l l er t han t he corol l a

l ob es .

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362 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No.

Addi t i onal specimens s t udi ed : MEXICO. Veracruz : San

Andres Tux t l a , Lado N de Laguna Encant ada Beaman 5325 (F ,

MEXU) ; Es t aci on Bi ol 6gi ca Los Tu x t l as , Ca l zada 26 ( F , MEXU) ;Es t aci on Bi ol ogi ca Los Tu x t l as , Rosas Vi l l apando 1405 (F ,

UNAM) ; Es t aci on Bi ol ogi ca Los Tu x t l as , Ce rro Vi gi a , Gent ry,

Lo t t , 32207 (A, MEXU, MO) ; Hi da l got i t l an , 5 km SE de La

Escuadra TT7- 163 N, 94- 36 W ] , Va zguez 1723 (F) ; San

Andres Tux t l a , Es t aci on Bi ol ogi ca Los Tux t l a s l18- 35 N, 95- 0 1

W ] , Vi l l egas ZZ.

(F MEKU) .

Daphnogs i s megacarpa i s a di s t inc t i ve speci es known f rom

f r u i t i ng specimens co l l ect ed be t ween 450 and 1250 m i n t he

Tux t l a range of sou t he rn Veracru z , Mexi co . The pi s t i l l a t e

i nf l orescences are uni que beca use of t he sma l l , caducou s

bract s . The f ru i t s are among t he l arges t recorded f or t he

genu s and are borne one t o an i nf l orescence . Thi s speci es

mi ght be conf used wi t h some f orms of D. ameri cana , bu t i t

di f f ers f rom t ha t speci es by t he pedi ce l s l ess t han mm

l ong. Vege t a t i ve l y , i t resembl es D. radi a t a Donn .- Sm. bu t t he

l arge f r u i t s di s t i ngu i sh i t f rom t ha t speci e s . Daphnogs i s

cos t ari cens i s a l so has l a rge f rui t s , bu t i t can be

di s t i ngu i shed f rom D. megaca rpa by i t s very l arge , obova t e

l ea ves . We ha ve not been abl e t o l oca t e f l oweri ng ma t eri a l of

t hi s speci es .

A specimen f rom Tl apacoyan , Nee Hansen 18561 , has

s t ami na t e f l owers and cannot be ea s i l y compared t o t he

f ru i t i ng specimens f rom t he Tu x t l as . I t has s imi l ar

vege t a t i ve f ea t u res and comes f rom we t f ores t bu t i t mayrepresent a di s t i nct , undescri bed speci es . More col l ect i ons

are needed t o cl ari f y t hi s probl em.

Daphnopsi s wi t sbergeri Nev l i ng , Ma t eka i t i s Ba rri nger , sp.

nov .

TYPE : EL SALVADOR. Achuachapan : Fi nca San Beni t o , Cerro

La Pi edra , de l Fi l o , N, w, 980 m. , 28

Aug . 1979 ,Wi t sberger 72 1 (Hol o t ype : F l ) .

Speci es D. ame ri cana a f f i ni s , sed hypant hi o

i nf undi bu l i f ormi , an t heri s a l t erni sepal o sess i l i s , pi s t i l l o

gl abro .

Shru bby t ree t o 6 m t a l l ; young s t ems sparse l y seri ceou s ,

gl abrescen t ; o l der s t ems wi t h reddi sh- brown cor t e x , t he

l ent i ce l s promi nent , whi t e . Lea ves a l t erna t e ; pe t i ol es 4- 5 mm

l ong, t ere t e , gl abrou s ; l ami na narrowly e l l i pt i c , cm

l ong , cm wi de , s ubcori aceou s , gl abrou s , t he base

cunea t e , t he ma rgi n s l i ght l y re vo l u t e when dry , t he apexob t u se t o rounded , t he vena t i on promi nent above and be l ow.

St ami na t e i nf l orescences t ermi na l or l a t era l capi t u l a , t he

l 986 Nevl ing Barr inger , New not ewort hy spec ies 363

l a t era l capi t u l a of t en opposi t e a l ea f ; primary peduncl es 4 -8

mm l ong , seri ceou s ; rhachi s 1- 2 mm l ong ; secondary peduncl e smi nu t e . St ami na t e f l owe rs 7- 12 pe r i nf l orescence , green ;

pedi ce l s 1—2 mm l ong , se ri ceou s ; hypant hi um, mm l ong ,

campanu l a t e- f unne l f orm, seri ceou s ou t s i de , gl abrou s wi t hi n ,

s t rongl y ve i ned ; ca l yx l obes re f l exed , 2 mm l ong, veryobscu re l y papi l l a t e wi t hi n ; s t amens 8 , obdi pl os t emonou s , t he

ant i sepa l ou s whor l i nse r t ed on t he ca l yx l obes , exser t ed , t he

a l t erni sepa l ou s whor l i nse r t ed a bou t 1 mm bel ow t he mou t h of

t he hypant hi um, i ncl uded , t he f i l ament s 1- 2 mm l ong, gl abrou s ,

t he an t hers o voi d , mm l ong; di sk t ub u l ar , f ree ,

undu l a t e , t o mm l ong ; pi s t i l l ode , 1 mm l ong , gl abrou s , on

a gynophore mm l ong . Pi s t i l l a t e i nf l orescences i n

capi t u l a ; primary peduncl es 6- 8 mm l ong , ser i ceou s ; rhachi s

1- 2 mm l ong; secondary peduncl es mi nu t e . Pi s t i l l a t e f l owers

5- 8 per i nf l orescence ; pedi ce l s 1 mm l ong, seri ceou s ;hypan t hi um barre l —shaped , 2 mm l ong , seri ceou s ou t s i de ,

gl abrou s wi t hi n ; ca l yx l obes spreadi ng , 1 mm l ong, obscu re l ypapi l l a t e wi t hi n ; s t ami nodi a 8 , papi l l i f orm; di sk annu l a r ,

f ree , l ess t han 1 mm l ong ; pi s t i l 1 mm l ong, s l i ght l y

se ri ceou s above , t he gynophore mm l ong , t he s t yl e

s l i ght l y eccent r i c , abou t 1 mm l ong , t he s t i gma capi t a t e ,

exser t ed . Dr upe gl obose , 6 mm di am. , green , t he s t yl e

pe rsi s t ent .

Addi t i ona l specimens s t udi ed : EL SALVADOR. Achuachapan

Fi nca San Beni t o , Ce rro La Pi edra de l Fi l o , N,

W , 28 Aug. 1 979 ,Wi t sber er 72 2 ( F ) ; same l oca l i t y , 2 3 Oc t

1978 , Da v i l a s . n . (F ) .

Common name : Chi l i ndrén de t i erra f ri a .

Daphnopsi s wi t sbe rgeri i s a membe r of s ubgenu sDaphnops i s . I t i s known f rom a s i ngl e l oca l i t y i n t he prov i nceof Achuachapan , El Sa l vador . It appears t o be mos t cl ose l y

rel a t ed t o D. amer i cana bu t i s di s t i ngu i shed f rom t ha t speci es

by i t s f unne l f orm hypan t hi um, s u bsess i l e ant hers , and gl abrou spi s t i l l ode on a shor t gynophore .

Daphnogs i s cos t ari censi s Ba rr i nger G Grayum, sp. nov .

TYPE : COSTA RICA. Punt arena s , Os a Peni ns u l a , ri dge

be t ween Qu ebrada Banegas and Ri o Ri yi t o , ca . 7 km W o f

Ri nc6n de Os a , 100- 300 m, 80

4 1'

N, 83°33

’

W , 8 Oct

1984 . Grayum, Scha t z , Herrera , Va l eri n , G Cha va rri a4094 (hol o t ype : MOI) .

Speci es i ns i gni s f ol i i s grandi s obova t i s 15- 2 7 cm l ongi s ,

f l ori s cm l ongi s a l bos t u b u l a t o- i nf undi b u l i f ormi s ,

drupi s cm l ongi s .

364 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 6l , No.

Few branched shr ub t o 2 m t al l ; young growt h gl abrou s ,

ol der growt h wi t h a l i ght brown cor t ex , l ent i ce l s no t

promi nent . Lea v es a l t erna t e ; pe t i ol e 3- 7 mm l ong, gl abrous ,

very s l i ght l y wi nged ; l ami na obl anceol a t e t o ova t e , 15- 2 7 cm

l ong, cm wi de , gl abro u s , dark green above , s i l very

green be l ow, s ubcori aceou s , t he base cunea t e , t he apex ob t us e

t o acumi na t e , t he vena t i on promi nent be l ow, wi t hou t a we l l

de vel oped margi na l vei n . St ami na t e i nf l orescence umbel l i f orm,

t he umbe l l u l es capi t a t e ; primary peduncl e 0 mm l ong ;

rhachi s 3- 5 mm l ong ; secondary peduncl e 10- 1 2 mm l ong, f i ne l y

ser i ceou s , gl abrescen t , bract s seri ceous , l anceol a t e .

St ami na t e f l owers 8- 14 per head ,whi t e ; pedi ce l mm

l ong ; hypant hi um t u b u l ar- f unne l f orm, 10- 13 mm l ong, s t ri a t e ,

sparse l y seri ceou s ou t s i de , gl abrou s wi t hi n , 1 mm wi de a t

base , 3 mm wi de a t t he mou t h , wi t h a t hi ckened f auca l

annu l u s wi t hi n ; l obes re f l exed , t he apex rounded , api cu l a t e ,

t he mu cra dense l y seri ceou s ; s t amens yel l ow, 8 , t he

ant i sepa l ou s whor l sessi l e , borne on t he l obes , t he

a l t e rni s epa l ou s whorl borne a t t he mou t h of t he hypant hi um;di sk 4- 1obed , mm l ong ; pi s t i l l ode bot t l e- shaped ,

mm l ong , t he s t i gma cl a va t e . Pi s t i l l a t e f l owers no t seen .

Drupe ovoi d , whi t e , cm l ong , cm wi de .

Addi t i ona l specimen s t udi ed : COSTA RICA. Pun t arenas : OsaPeni ns u l a , NW of a i rf i e l d , abou t 5 km W of Ri ncon de Osa , 50

200 m, moi s t f ores t wi t h Open unders t ory , 9- 12 J an 1970 ,

Bu rger G L i esner 7314 (F ) .

l arge , obova t e l ea ve s , whi t e , t ubu l ar f l owe rs , and l arge

f r u i t s . I t i s eas i l y di s t i ngu i shed f rom D. ameri cana ssp.

ca r i baea , t he onl y o t her Cos t a Ri can speci es , by t hese

cha rac t e rs . I t i s bes t cl ass i f i ed i n s ubgenu s Daphnops i s , bu t

i t i s no t cl ose l y re l a t ed t o any o t her Cent ral Ameri can

speci e s . Li ke many o t her speci es f ound on t he Os a Peni nsul a ,

i t s a f f i ni t i e s s eem t o be wi t h speci es f rom t he l owl and

f ores t s of wes t ern Col ombi a and Ecuador .

Daphnops i s cor t ese Ba rri nger G Nev l i ng , sp. nov .

TYPE : PANAMA. Panama , regi on of Ce rro Jef e , 1000 m, edge of

f ores t , 3 Oc t . 1969 , Correa , Dress l er , Escobar , G Lewi s

1612 (Hol ot ype : MOI) .

Speci es i ns i gni s f ol i i s obova t i s ob t us i s sub t us gl auci s ,

f l ori s b i col ori bus , s t ami nodi i s 8 , di sco cupu l a t o .

Shr u b t o 2 m t a l l ; yo ung growt h gl abrou s , o l der growt h wi t h

reddi sh- brown cor t ex , l ent i ce l s whi t e . Lea ves a l t erna t e ; pe t i ol es

5- 7 mm l ong , gl abrou s , da rk brown , f l a t t ened above ; l ami na o va t e

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366 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO.

1962 . Not e on Daphnogs i s crassi f ol i a (Thyme l aeaceae ) . J .

“ 0 1d “ b e103 : 346- 347 0

1963 . No t es on Daphnops i s (Thyme l aeaceae ) . J . Arnol d Ar b .

44 : 402- 418.

1967. Thyme l aeaceae , i n B . Magu i re , Bo t any of t he Chinant a

Massi f . II . Men . New York Bo t . Card . 17: 452- 453 .

1978. A new speci es of Daphnops i s (Thyme l aeaceae ) f romEcuador . Sel byana 2 :

A NEW SPECIES OF RUDBECKIA (ASTERACEAE-HELIANTHEAE )FROM HILLSIDE BOGS IN EAST TEXAS

Larry E . Brown

Hou st on Commun i t y Col l ege , Houst on , TX 77270- 7849 and

Spr ing Branch Sci ence Cent er Herbar ium, Hous t on , TX 77024

The sect i on Macro l ine of t he genu s Rudbeck i a i s di s t ingu i shed

f rom t he sect ion Rudbeck i a by t he presence of l emon-ye l l ow or pa l e

ye l l ow rays , somewhat compressed and bas i l a t era l ly a t t ached achenes

t ha t are s l ight l y ( i f a t a l l ) shor t er t han t he chaf f , l arge of t en

e l onga t ing f l ower heads , and a bas i c chromosome number of X 18

( Cronq u i s t Recent f i e l d work and a s t udy of herbar ium

specimens has revea l ed t he f o l l owing new speci es in sect i on

Macro l ine f rom ac i d hi l l s i de bogs in Ange l ina , Jasper , and Newt on

Count i es , Texas .

RUDBECKIA SCABRIFOLIA Larry E . Brown , sp . nov . F ig . 1 .

A R . max ima Nu t t . s imi l i s sed di f f er t capi t u l i s parv i or i bu s

non e l ongescent i bus e t l igu l i s parv ior i bu s e t inf l orescent i a

r ami f i ca t i one e t l an ini s f ol i orum s cabr i s non gl auc i s

n i t ent i bu sque .

Erect perenn i a l herbs t o 2 me t er s t a l l . Roo t s f i brou s ,

ar i s ing f rom a cm t h i ck roo t s t ock . Fresh s t ems somewha t

gl aucous . St ems t ere t e , s t r i at e , and gl abrous ; upper peduncl es

of t en wi t h a f ew scat t ered ha i rs . Basa l l eaves l arge ; pe t i o l es t o

28 cm l ong; bl ades ov a l , or ova t e , cm wide and cm

l ong . Leaf margins ent i r e t o undu l at e . B l ade ba se sub t runca t e t o

broadl y cunea t e , b l ade t i s sue decurr ent 1 - 3 cm down pe t i o l e as a

narrow wing . Pr incipa l l at era l ve ins numerou s and arcua t e , ar i s ing

f rom a prominent midr i b ve in . Lower ca u l ine b l ades s imi l ar bu t

sma l l er . Bl ades of mi d-ca u l ine l ea ve s e l l i pt i c , t o 13 cm l ong,

of t en winged t o base by b l ade t i ss ue . Upper l eaves ses s i l e ,

a ur i cu l a t e , e l l i pt i c t o ob l ong, of t en cont ract ed above mi dd l e t o a

more narrow apex . Ex t reme upper l eaves more or l ess bract - l i ke .

Bl ade s ur f aces not gl a ucou s as in R . max ima bu t l u s t rou s and

scabrou s -

pubescent wi t h erect , recl in ing, or some t imes appressed

mm l ong ha i rs . Fl ower heads 3- 1 1 in a branched

inf l orescence , rare ly ( i f ever ) a s ingl e monocepha l ous head as

f ound in R . max ima . Di scs hemi spher i ca l t o ov at e , not e l ongat ing,

l . 5 - 2 cm wi de and cm l ong . Recept acl e co l umnar t o 1 cm

l ong. Ligu l es pa l e ye l l ow, re f l exed , 1 cm l ong and - 9 mm

wi de , abax i a l s ur f ace h i r s u t e wi t h gl andu l ar and non-

gl andu l ar

ha i rs , adax i a l s ur f ace gl abrou s . Phyl l ar i es Spreading t o ref l exed ,

ci l i a t e and pubescent abaxi a l l y . Cha f f t o 6 mm l ong, par t i al lyenf ol ding ov ary and achene , pa1

3

e

é7

0 r ye l l owi sh ha i rs on t he f l at

368 P H Y T 0 L O G A Vol . 61 , NO .

Fig . l . Rudbeck ia scabr i f o l i a ( f rom hol ot ype ) .

A , inf l orescence ; B , basa l l ea f ; C , upper cu lm l eaves .

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370 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 5

Tab l e I . A Compar i son of R . scabr i f o l i a and R . max ima

FEATURE R . scabr i f ol i a R . max ima

Fresh st ems gl aucous gl aucous

Bl ade surf ace non-

gl aucou s , shining, gl aucou s , du l l ,

and scabrou s -

pubescent and gl abrous

Ba sa l b l ade shape most l y ova l t o 16 cm mos t l y e l l ipt i c

broad t o 13 cm broad

Basa l b l ade base more or l ess t runca t e

or abrupt ly cont ract ed

Inf l orescence branched wi t h 3- 1 1 of t en

heads monocepha l ous

Di scs of f l ower t o cm l ong t o 8 cm l ong

heads

Hab i t at acid h i l l s ide bogs

At present , herbar ium specimens of R . scabr i f o l i a are ava i l

ab l e f rom t wo s i t es in Ange l ina Cc . , t hree s i t es in Jasper Co . , and

one s i t e in Newt on Co . Mos t , i f not a l l , of t hese s i t es are

pi t cher pl ant bogs present on h i l l s ide seepage areas . A recent

s t udy (Nixon G Ward 1986) indi ca t es t hese bogs deve l op on sandy

upl ands t ha t are under l a in by impermeab l e l ayer s of cl ay ma t er i a l s .

Wat er percol at es downward t hrough t he sandy so i l s t o t he cl ay

regi on and t hen moves l at era l l y t o emerge on t he l ower h i l l s l ope .

In t wo bogs examined by t he au t hor , f l ower ing s t ems of R .

scabr i f ol ia are common and conspi cuous in t he we t and mucky soi l s

of t he open cent er of t he bog. Around t he bog edge , where t he

soi l s are dr ier , f l ower ing s t ems are absent or rare bu t pl ant s wi t h

basa l l eaves on ly are common .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Raymond McBen of t he St af f and Ins t ruct i ona l Deve l opmentDepar tment of Hous t on Commun i t y Col l ege made t he drawing and Pau l

A . Fryxe l l of Texas AGM Univers i t y prov i ded t he Lat in di agnos i s .

The cura t ors and s t af f of Sou t hern Met hodi s t Un ivers i t y (SMU) ,St ephen F . Au s t in St a t e Un ivers i t y (ASTO) . Un ivers i t y of Texas(LL ) , and Texas AGM Univers i t y (TAES ) k indly a l l owed me t o v i s i tand s t udy herbar i um shee t s of Rudbeck i a . A Speci a l t hanks i s

l 986 Brown , A new species of Rudbecluia 371

ext ended t o El t ay Nixon of ASTC f or t he l oan of 13 shee t s of R .

scabr i f ol i a wh i ch l arge l y f ormed t he bas i s of t he speci es

descr ipt i on .

LITERATURE CITED

CRONQUIST , ARTHUR . 1980 . Vascu l ar f l ora of sou t heas t ern Uni t ed

St a t es , vo l . I , As t eraceae . Univers i t y of Nor t h Carol inaPress , Chape l Hi l l .

NIXON, E . S . and J . R . WARD. 1986 . Fl or i st i c compos i t i on and

management of east Texas pi t cher pl ant bogs , in wi l derness and

na t ura l areas in t he eas t ern Uni t ed St a t es : a management

cha l l enge , D. L . Ku lhavy and R . W . Conner , eds . Cent er f or

Appl ied St udi es , Schoo l of Forest ry , St ephen F . Au st in St at e

Univers i t y , Nacogdoches , Texas .

STREPTOPOGON JUAREZII N. SP.

and

TREMATODON NORRISII N. SP.*

A. J o SharpDepartment of Bot any, Universi t y of Tennessee

Knoxvi l l e, TN 37916

St rept opogon Juarezi i sp. nov .

Dist ingui t ur ex ovat is , l ev ibus aris t at i s f ol i is quae

l evee margines habent st quae gemmi s carent et quae cel l ul as

marginis quadrat i s inconspicuas habent .

Thi s new species is di st inguished by having el l ipt i cal l yovat e, smoot h, ent i re , arissat e l eaves wi t hout gemmae . The

sporophyt e wi t h an ob l ong t ubul ar immersed capsul e wi t h a

short (f l mm) set s and a peri st ome of a high, j hysl inebasal membrane and 16 sl ender , perf orat e , papi l l ose t eet h.

Aut oi cous.

TYPE: Sobre un,t ronco humedo. 21 kmal oest e de

Xalppa , Veracruz, Mexi co. 1700 m. sl evaci on. 0011 . L . Gi l

Juarez G. , No. 627, 20 VII 1976 (t ype , TENN; is ot ype , INIBEB) .

Tremat odon norrisi i sp. nov .

Dist ingui t ur ex parvi t at e , ex f ol i i s angust e l anceol at is ,ex cost a percurrent e , et ex perf ragi l ibut angust ie dent ibus

per i st omat os.Dis t inguished f rom ot her smal l species of Tremat odon by

t he narrowly l anceol at e (l - 2 mm) l eaves wi t h percurrentcost ae ; capsul es 2 mm in l engt h, abrupt ly narrowed t o sl ender

hypophyses , and wi t h t hin, t diaphanous wal l s ; t eet h sl ender ,very f ragil e , 200

-250 p ; spores 25-30 j ] , prominent lypapi l l ose .

TYPE: Moi st , di f f usel y l i t soi l bank in dense t ropical

sub-deciduous f orest al ong road t o Puert o Val l art a about us nort h, of San Juan Caxst le , Municipi o Compost el a ,ri t , Mexi co. Col l . D. H. Norris &. D. J . Tarant o, No.136h1 ,

2h July 1970 (t ype , TENN; isot ype , ESC) .

Acknowl edgmnt . I an great ly indebt ed t o Dr . C. P. Craigof t he Universi ty of Tennessee Classi cs Department who gove rns

generous assis t ance wi t h t he preparat i on of t he Lat indiagnoses .

ifiont rISut i on from t he Bot anical Laborat ory, The Universi t y ofTennessee , N. Ser 563, and f rom t he Bet t ori . Bot anical Laborat ory, Nichinan, Miyazski , Japan.

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374 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .

y en au senci a de l u z . Para l a ex t racc i én de l o s pi gment os se u t i l i zé ace t ona 90% seqfin l a me t odo l ogi a de J e

f f r ey ( 1 968 ) y Ga r s i de y R i l ey Se u t i l i zé b afio

u l t ra sén i co pa r a l a ex t r acc ion exhau s t i va . Una pa r t e

de e s t e ex t r ac t o se sapon i f i c6 s egfin r ecomi enda J en sen

para l a de t ermi naci én de caro t enos . L a s xan t 6

f i l a s se reconoc i er on l uego de una par t i c i én de l ex t r ac

t o con ét er de pet rél eo y me t ano l acuo so a l shamando l a me t odo l ogi a de Dav i s L a na t ura l e za de

l o s pi gmen t o s se comprobé por croma t ogra f i a en capa de l

gada compa rando e l R f de l o s pi gmen t os pr e sen t e s en l a s

pl an t a s en va r i o s S i s t ema s croma t ogré f i cos , con l o s ob

t en i dos a par t i r de s t anda rd s (S i gma Chem. Co ) 0 con

l os Rf r epor t ados en l a l i t er a t ur a (Foppen , L o s

r e su l t ado s s e ob s erv an en l a Tab l a I I . L a i den t i f i ca

c i 6n se compl emen t é e l uyendo de l a s pl aca s cada uno de

l os pi gmen t os con d ime t i l f ormami da y pos t e r i or anal i s i s

por e Spec t ro f o t ome t r i a v i s i b l e . L o s e spec t ros se rea l i

za ron en un B eckman DU .

L a s t r e s pl an t a s con t i enen c l oro f i l a s a b ,lib - ca ro t eno

y l u t e i na , U . l ac t uca t i ene t amb i én v i o l axan t i na y C

mex i cana v i o l axan t i na y neoxan t i na .

L a cuan t i f i cac i én de l a s c l oro f i l a s se l l ev6 a cab o por

dos mé t odo s d i s t i n t o s . E l pr ime ro apl i cé l a s ecuac i o

ne s ma t emé t i ca s de J e f f r ey y Humphrey (Ho l den ,

mi di endo l a ab sorc i 6n de cada ex t rac t o a 664 , 64 7 v 630

nm. E l segundo mé t odo con s i s t i é en r ea l i za r una cromat ogra f i a en capa f ina (s i s t ema D) de l os ex t rac t os y

po s t er i or l ec t u ra de l a re f l ec t anci a en uh e spec t ro f o t é

me t ro de capa f i na Ze i s s MQI I I . Se hab i a de t ermi nado

prev i ament e l a l ongi t ud de onda de re spue s t a max ima pa

ra c l oro f i l a s a y b que r e su l t 6 se r 670 y 6 5 0 nm r e spec

t i v amen t e . a s i como e l rango de l i nea l i dad .

E l OL- caro t eno y l u t e ina se cuan t i f i caron por e s t e fil t i

mo mé t odo , u t i l i zando e l s i s t ema F de c roma t ogra f i a p a

ra e l ca ro t eno v E pa ra l u t e i na . Ambo s se mi d i e ron a

4 4 0 nm, u t i l i zando qL—ca ro t eno come s t andard , deb i do a

que e l coe f i c i en t e de ex t i nc ion de amb o s e s S imi l a r a

l a l ongi t ud de onda u t i l i zada (J e f f r ey , No se

cuan t i f i ca ron v i o l axan t ina y neoxa n t i na , pue s apa r ecen

como t ra za s . L o s r esu l t ado s se ob s ervan en l a Tab l a

I I I v son pr omed i o de por l o menos c i nco de t ermi nac i one s .

CONCLUS IONES .

De l a s a l ga s v erde s e s t ud i ada s , f ue C . mex i cana l a que

o f rec i 6 mas var i edad de pi gmen t o s y en l a mayor concen

t rac i én . Por e l anal i s i s qu imi co prox ima l , se adv i er t e

l a r i queza pro t e i ca de U . l ac t uca . S era ob j e t o de un

l 986 Garza Barrient os al . , Es t udios quimicos 375

e s t ud i o pos t er i or su compo s i c ion en ami noac i do s .

Se adv i er t e l a v ent a j a . en cuan t o a pr ec i s i én y r api dez

de l anal i s i s , de l u so de e spec t rof o t ome t r i a en capa f i

na pa ra e l anal i s i s cuan t i t a t i vo de pi gmen t o s , t a l y co

mo r ecomi endan Ga r s i de y Ri l ev ( 1 969 )

TABLA I

ANAL I SI S QUIMICO PROXIMAL DE ALGAS MARINAS CLOROFITAS

Hume Ceni Ni t ré Pro t e iGra sa

F ib r e Carboh i

dad zas geno na s Cruda dr a t os

U . l ac t uca

C .mex i cana

Va l ores expresados como porcent a j e sob re pe so seco .

TABLA I I I

VALORES PORCENTUALES DE PIGMENTOS AISLADOS DE AL GAS MARINAS

CLOROF ITAS EXPRESADOS EN ma/ l oO gr . de PESO SECO .

A L G A S

PIGMENTOS

Cuan t i f i cado seqfin ec uac i ones J e f f r ey HumphreyCuant i f i cado por espect ro f ot ome t r i a en capa de l gada

P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No .376

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NOTES ON THE GENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . xx1x

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Bu rm.

Addit ional b ibl iography : Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 61 : 3l 6 - 338 . l 986 ;Takht ajan [ t rans l . Crovel l o ] , Fl ori s t . Regions 67 . l 986 .

Addit ional excl uded t axa : Cl eaodendaum Leandni i Mol d Ll oydia

l 3 : 207 - 208 . l 950 Radamaea sp. , Senophul aniaceae. Cl enodendnumbnevi cal yx Mol d . ex Holmgren al . , Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 44l

nom. nud . 1 985

CLERODENDRUM KAEMPFERI (Jacq . ) S ieb .

Addit ional synonymy : Ci enodendnon cocci neum 0 . Diet r . , Syn. P1

3 : 616 . 1843 . Vol kameni a cocci nea Herb . ex D. Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 3

616 in syn. l 843 . Cl enodendnum haempgeni Sieb . ex Has s k Cat . Pl .

Hort . Bogor . C u l t . l 36 . l 844 ; Mol d Res ume S uppl . 15 : l 9 in syn.

1967 ; Al exander , Hong Kong Shru bs 28 . 197l [ not C . haempfleni F i schCi enodendnon dent at umwal l . apud Voigt , Hort . S u burb . Cal e .

466 . l 845 . Vol kamenia kdmpgeniana Jacq . apud Voigt , Hort . S u bu rb .

Cal c . 466 . 1845 . Vot kamenia kflmpfleni Jacq . apud S ieb . Zucc . , Ab

handl . Akad . Ni s s . Muench . Mat h .- Phys . 4 l 53 in syn. 1846 .

Cl enodendnon Apeci oaiaaimum Hort . Angl . ex Schau . in A . DC Prodr .

l l : 672 in syn. l 847 [ not C . Apeci oaiaaimum Paxt 1837 , nor Van

Geert , Ct enodendnon aquamaxum”

? Lndi cum Has s k Ret zia l

62 - 63 . 1855 . Cl eaodendnon Aquamazum var . i ndi cum Has s k . , Ret zia l '

63 . 1855 . Voi hamania hoempfieni Jacq . apud Franch . Savat . , Enum.

Pl . Jap. l : 359 in syn. l 875 . Cl eaodendnon i l l uazne N. 5 Br . ,

Gard . Chron. 56 [ ser . 2 , 424 . 1884 . Cl enodendnon aquamaxumNahl ex Bachman, Fl ora 69 [ ser . 2 , 414 . 1886 . Cfienodendnon

aquanuzum Cham. ex Br i q . in Engl . Prant l , Nat . Pf l anzenf am. , ed.

1 , 4 (3a) : 175 . 1895 . Cl enodendnon cocci neum Hort . Morr . ex Vos s inVi lm. , Bl umengart . l : 832 in syn. l 895 . Cl o/ Lodendnon Apeoéoaa aimumHort . ex p[ art e ] ex Vos s in Vi lm. , Bl umengart . l : 832 in syn. 1895 .

Cl eaodendnon kaemp6eni S ieb . apud Jacks . in Hook . f . Jacks . , Ind.

Kew. , imp. l , 2 : l 276 . l 895 [ not C . haempgeni F i sch . ex Merr . , 1845 ,

nor" S ieb . herb . ex Miq . l 903 , nor S t eud l 948 ] . Cl enodendnon

bquammaxum Vahl apud Pynaert , Rev . Hort . Bel g. 22 : 284 8 287 sphalm.

l 896 . Cl enodendnon aquamuzum Vahl apud Bret schn. , Hi s t . Eu rop.

Bot . Discov . China l 36 in syn. 1898 . Cl enodendnon cocci neum D.

Diet z . apud H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 363 in syn. l 91 9 .

Cl u odendnon bquamaa var . t ypi ca1" H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay .

Arch . 30 1919 .Ci enodendnon dent at um "

Wal l . ex S t eud . apud Bakh .

in Lam Bakh . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 93 l 08 in

syn . 1921 .Ct enodendnon cocci neum H. K . ex Bakh. in Lam

Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : vi i i in syn. 1921 . Ci enodendnon Aquamazum var . t ypica Dakh . in Lam Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot .

Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 93 . 1921 .Cl enodendnum i ngont unazum Lou r [ in

part ] apud E. D. Merr . , Trans . Amer . Phi l os . Soc . 24 337 in

syn . 1935 [ not C . i nfionzunai a L 1753 , nor C. Lnéoniunazum Auct

1986 Mol denke , Not es on Ct enodendnum 379

1955 , nor Bl ume , 1967 , nor Dennst . , l 959, nor Gaert n. , l 965 , nor

Niq. , l 968 , nor Vent l 821 , nor Wi l l d l 976] . Czenodendnon Ln

6onzunazum"Lou r . , in part ex Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph. Li s t Inv . Names

20 in syn. l 940 [ not C . i néonzunaxum Auct l 963 , nor Bl ume , l 947 ,

nor Gaert n. , l 788 , nor Lam. , l 947, nor Lindl 19l 8 , nor Schau . ,

l 9l 8 , nor F.- Vi l l l 882 , nor Nal p. , l843 , nor Night , l 850 , nor

Wil l d l 976 ] . Cl enodcndnon. kaemp6eai (Jacq . ) S ieb . ex Mol d Sup

pl . Li s t Inv . Names 2 in syn. l 94l . Cl enodendnon (or Vol kamcnia ? )dent at e Rox b . apud Fang, Icon. Pl . Omeiens . l : pl . 69. 1944 .

Ct enodendnon deni aza Roxb . ex Pét el ot , Pl . Méd . Camb . Laos Viet n. 2

255 in syn. 1953 . Czenodcndnon hacmpgeni (Jack) S ieb . ex Tingl e ,

Check Li s t Hong Kong Pl . 38 s phalm. l 967. Cl enodendnon Apc01 06iaai

mum Hort . ex Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 31 : 396 in syn. l 975 . Cl enodendnon

dent at um (Rox b . ) wal l . ex Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 384 in syn. l 980 .

Cl enodcndnum haempgcni (Jack . ) S ieb . ex Hu , Enum. Chin. Mat . Med . 6 .

198l .

Bi bl iography : Kaempf . , Amoen. Exot . 86l . l 7l 2 ; Kwa-wi [ t rans l .

Savat ier ] , Arbor 2 : pl . l O. l 759 ; J . F . Gmel . in L . , Sys t . Nat ed .

13 , imp. l , 2 : 961 . l 789 ; Jacq . , Col l ect . 3 : 207 - 209 . l 789 ; Lour . ,

Fl . Cochi nch . , ed . l , imp. l , 2 : 387 - 388 704 . l 790 ; Banks , IconSel . Pl . Kaempf . pl . 58 . l 79l ; Nemnich , Al l gem. Polygl ot t . Lex . l

l 065 - l 066 . l 79l ; Vahl , Symb . Bot . 2 : 74 . l 79l ; Jacq . , Icon. Pl .

Rar . 3 : pl . 500 . l 792 ; Jacq . , Col l ect . 3 : pl . 34l . l 793 ; Lou r . , Fl .

Cochinch . , ed . 2 , 2 : 47l . 1793 ; Jacq . , Icon. Pl . Rar . 3 : 7 24 .

l 795 ; J . F . Gmel . in L . , Sys t . Nat . , ed . l 3 , imp. 2 , 2 : 96l . l 796 ;P. Mi l l . , Gard . Dict . , ed . 9 , l : Ci enodendnum 7 . l 797 ; Raeusch

Nom. Bot . , ed . 3 , l 82 . l 797 ; Wi l l d . in L . , Sp. Pl . , ed . 5 3

(l ) : 385 - 387 . l BDO; Rot t l . , Gesel l . Nat urf orsch . Freunde Berl . Neu eSchri f t 4 : 203 . l 803 ; Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Mét h . Bot . 5 : l 66 .

l 804 ; Pers . , Syn. Pl . 2 : l 45 . l 806 ; Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h .

Bot . 8 : 689 - 690 . l 808 ; Ni l l d . , Enum. Pl . Hort . Berol . 2 : 659 . l 809 '

R. Br . in Ai t Hort . Kew. , ed . 2 , 4 : 63 . l 812 ; Rox b . , Hort . Bengimp. l , 46 . 1814 ; Pers . , Sp. Pl . 3 : 365 . l 8l 9 ; S t eud . , Nom. Bot .

Phan. , ed . l , 207 , 208 , 890 . l 821 ; Edwards , Bot . Reg. 8 : pl . 649 .

1822 ; Bl ume , Cat . Gewass . , imp. l , 85 . l 823 ; Lodd . , Bot . Cab . 8 : pl .

796 . l 823 ; Spreng. in L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . l 6 , 2 : 759 . l 825 ; Loi sel .

Desl ong. in Mordant de Launay , Herb . Gén. Amat . 8 : pl . 5l 9 . l 827 ;Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . l , 2 : 322 . 1827 ; Loud . , Encycl . Pl . 522 .

1829 ; Wal l . , Numer . Li s t nos . 1798 1799 . l 829 ; Loud . , Hort

Br it . , ed . 1 , 247. l 830 ; S ieb . , Verb . Bat av . Genoot sch. Kuns t . l 2

[ Syn. Pl . 0econ. ] 3l 5l l 830 ; Sweet , Hort . Bri t . , ed . 2 , 4l 6 .

l 830 ; Nal l . , Numer . Li s t 87, no . l 798 l 799 . l 831 ; Cham. , Linnaea

7 : l 06 . l 832 ; Loud . , Hort . Br it . , ed. 2 , 247 . l 832 ; Re ider , Ann .

Bl umist . 8 : pl . l 832 ; Rox b . , Fl . I ndica , ed . 2 , imp. l , 3 : 60

6l . l 832 ; Boj er , Hort . Neu r it . 256 . l 337 ; Maund , Bot an. l : pl . l 3 .

l 837 ; Hook . Arn. , Bot . Beech . Voy . , imp. l , 205 (l 837) and 263268 . l 838 ; G. Don in Loud . , Hort . Br it . , ed . 3 , 247 . l 839 ; G. Don in

Sweet , Hort . Br it . , ed . 3 , 550 . l 839 ; S t eud Nom. Bot . Phan . , ed .

2 , l : 382 383 . l 840 ; D. Diet r . , Syn . Pl . 3 : 6l 6 . l 842 ; Has s kCat . Pl . Hort . Bogor . C u l t . Al t . l 36. l 844 ; Lindl . in Edwards , Bot .

Reg. 30 [ ser . 2 , pl . l 9 in t ext u . l 844 ; Pax t Mag. Bot . l l :

[ l 69] l 7o. l844 ; Merr . , Ann. Soc . Roy . Agr . Bot . Gand . l : l 7 , pl .

380 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

3 . l 845 ; Voigt , Hort . S u burb . Calcut . 466 . l 845 ; wal p. , Repert . Bot .

Sys t . 4 : lOl , l 07 - l 08 , l l 4 . l 845 ; S ieb . Zucc . , Abhandl . Akad .

Muench . Mat h .- Phys . 4 (3 ) [ Fl . Jap. Fam. Nat . l 53 - l 54 . l 846 ;

Schau . in A . DC. , Prodr . l l : 657 , 669 , 672 , 674 . l 847 ; Nal p. , Repert . Bot . Sys t . 6 : 69l . l 847 ; Has s k . , Pl . Jav . Rar . 489. 1848 ;Has s k . , Ret zia l : 6l - 63 . l 855 ; Regel , Gart enf l . 5 : [ 353 ]pl . l 78 . l 856 ; Buek , Gen. Spec . Syn . Candol l . l 06 , 502 , 503 . l 858 ;Miq. , Fl . Ned Ind . 2 : 878 -88l . l 858 ; C . Muel l . in Nal p. , Ann . Bot .

Sys t . 5 : 7l l 712 . l 860 ; Dal z . Gibs . , Bomb . Fl . S uppl . 69 . l 86l ;A . Wood , Cl as s - book , [ ed . imp. l , 539 . l BGl ; Anon. , Journ.

Hort . 28 [ ser . 2 , 5l 5 . l 862 ; w. J . Hook . , Curt i s Bot . Mag. 88

[ ser . 3 , l 8 ] : pl . 5294 in t ext u . l 862 ; Seem. , Bonpl andia lo: 94 .

l 862 ; Bocq. , Adansonia , ser . 1 [ Bai l l . , Rec . Obs . Bot . ] 3 : 214215 . l 863 ; A . Wood , Cl as s - book , [ ed . imp. 2 , 539 (l 863 ) and

[ ed . imp. 3 , 539 . l 865 ; Mig. , Prol . Fl . Jap. 3l . l 865 ; MigAnn . Mus . Bot . Lugd .

- Bat . 2 : 99 . 1865 ; A . wood , Cl as s - book , [ ed .

imp. 4 , 539 (l 867) , [ ed . imp. 5 , 539 (l 868 ) , [ ed .

imp. 6 , 539 (l 869) , and [ ed . imp. 7, 539 . l 870 ; Ku rz , Rep. Veg.

Andam. App. A : 45 . l 870 ; A . Wood , C l as s - book , [ ed . imp. 8 , 539 .

l 872 ; Carr . , Rev . Hort . 46 : l lD - l l l . 1874 ; Firminger , Man. Gard .

India , ed . 3 , 529 609 . l 874 ; Roxb . , Fl . Indica , ed . 2 , imp. 2 , 478 .

l 874 ; Franch. Savat Enum. Pl . Jap. l : 359 . l 875 ; Ku rz , Prel im.

Rep. For . Veg. App. C : x v . l 875 ; A . Wood , C l as s - book , [ ed . imp.

9 , 539 . 1876 ; Baines , Garden Lond . l l : 405 . l 877 ; Hance , Journ. Bot .

Bri t . l 8 [ ser . 2 , l 3 . l 879; Berge , Pf l anzenphysiogn. 94 . l BBO;Fern.

- Vi l l ar Naves in Bl anco , Fl . F i l ip. , ed . 3 , 4 : Nov . App. l 6l .

l 880 ; Regel , Gart enf l . 29 : 22 - 24 . l880 ; Baines , Garden Lond. l 9

453 - 454 . 1881 ; A . Wood , C l as s - book , [ ed . imp. l o, 539. l BBl

N. E. Br Gard . Chron. 56 [ ser . 2 , 424 . l 884 ; Mat s um. , Gakugei

s irin I4 : 465 . l 884 ; Mason in E. Bal f . , Cycl op. India 3 : 74l . l 885 ;C . B. C l arke in Hook . f Fl . Bri t . India 4 : 593 - 594 596 . 1885 ;Bachman, Fl ora 69 [ ser . 2 , 414 , pl . 9 , f ig. 17 l 8 . l 886 ; Max

im. , Bu l l . Acad . Imp. Sci . St .- Pét ersb . 3l : 83 , 85 , 86 . l 886 ;

Max im. , Mél . Biol . 12 : 520 521 . l 886 ; N. H. G. Garden Lond . 33

l 888 ; Noodrow, Gard . I ndia , ed . 5 , 4l 9 . 1889 ; ForbesHems l . , Jou rn . Linn. Soc . Lond . Bot . 26 [ Ind . Fl . Sin. 262 .

l 890 ; Lu bbock , Seedl ings 2 : 373 . l 892 ; N. w. Garden Lond . 42

562 pl . 889 . l 892 ; Anon. , Garden Lond . 43 : 337 . l 893 ;Boi s , Dict . Hort . l : 334 . l 893 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. l , l : 560 - 562 . 1893 ; Bri q . in Engl . Prant l . Nat . Pf l an

zenf am. , ed . l , 4 (3a ) : 175 . l 895 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. l , 2 : l Zl 9 1276 . l 895 ; Vos s in Vi lm. , Bl umengdrt . l

829 832 . l 895 ; Pynaert , Rev . Hort . Bel g. 22 : 252 , 253 , 284 , 287 .

l 896 ; Du s s , Ann. I ns t . Col on . Marsei l l e 3 : [ Fl . Phanerog. ] 468 . l 897 ;Bret schneider , Hi s t . Europ. Bot . Discov . China l 36 l 98 . l 898 ;Mat s um. , Bot . Mag. Tokyo 13 : 131 . 1899; Sol ered . , Sys t . Anat . Dicot .

713 714 , f ig. l 5l C D. l 899 ; Diel s , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 29 : 550 .

l 900 ; Koord . Val et . , Neded . Lands Pl ant . Bog. 42 : [ Bei jdr . Boomsart . Java ] 212 . l 900 ; Ku roiwa , Bot . Mag. Tokyo l 4 : 126 . l 900 ; Diel s ,Fl . Cent .

- China 550 . l 902 ; Gambl e , Man. I ndian Timb . , ed . 2 , imp. l ,543 . l 902 ; Mak Bot . Mag. Tokyo l 7 : 9l . l 903 ; T. Cooke , Fl . Presid .

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382 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

1948 ; H. F . MacMil l an, Tr0p. Pl ant . Gard . , ed . 5 , imp. 3 , 104 (1948)and ed . 5 , imp. 4 , 104 . 1949 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Ci t . 3 : 657 , 658 ,

675 , 695 , 719 , 725 , 8 800 (1949) and 4 : 984 , 996 , 1005 , 1008 , 1011 ,1012 , 1066 , 1086, 1096 , 1101 - 1104 , 1148 , 1202 , 1235 , 8 1238 . 1949 ;Mol d. , Known Geogr . Dist rib . Verbenac . , ed. 2 , 76 , 124 , 126 , 129,131 , 133 , 135 , 139 , 143 , 146 , 159 , 8 182 . 1949 ; Met cal f e 8 Chal k ,Anat . Dicot . 2 : f ig. 246 C 8 D. 1950 ; S t el l fel d , Trib . Far

mac . 19 170 . 1951 ; H. F . MacMil l an, Tr0p. Pl ant . Gard . , ed . 5 ,

imp. 5 , 104 . 1952 ; Pét el ot , P1 . Med . Cambod . Laos Viet n. 2 [ Archiv.

Recherch. Agron. Pas t . Viet n. 254 8 255 (1953 ) and 4 : 15 , 33 ,

99, 198 , 224 , 268 , 271 , 8 272 . 1954 ; Bor 8 Raizada , Some Beau t .

Indian Cl imb . l 48 - 149, f ig. 93 . 1954 ; H. F . MacMi l l an, Tr0p. Pl ant .

Gard . , ed. 5 , imp. 6 , 104 . 1954 ; Masamune , Sci . Rep. Kanazawa Univ .

4 : 49. 1955 ; Darl ingt on 8 Wyl ie , Chromos . At l as , imp. 1 , 324 . 1956 ;H. F . MacMi l l an, Trop. Pl ant . Gard . , ed . 5 , imp. 7 , 104 . 1956 ; Mol d .

in Humbert , F1 . Madag. 174 : 149, 177, 8 268 . 1956 ; Synge in Chi t t en

den, Diot . Gard . , ed. 2 , 11 : 505 8 506. 1956 ; Angely , F1 . Paran. 7

11 . 1957 ; T. Cooke , Fl . Presid. Bomb . , ed . 2 , imp. l , 2 : 513 - 514 .

1958 ; D. 8 B. Hargreaves , Hawai i . Bl os s . , ed . 1 , 27 . 1958 ; Mat t oon,

P1 . Buyers Gu ide , ed. 6 , 100 . 1958 ; Mol d Rés umé 88 , 159, 161 , 166 ,169, 172 , 174 , 175 , 177 , 183 , 188 - 190 , 193 , 194 216 , 261 , 262 ,

264 , 265 , 270 , 274 , 391 , 392 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 1

11 . 1959 ; Angely , F1 . Paran. 16 : 45 . 1960 ; D. 8 B. Hargreaves , Tr0p.

Blos s . , ed. 2 , 29. 1960 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind. Kew. ,

imp. 3 , 1 : 560 -562 (1960 ) and imp. 3 , 2 : 1219 8 1276 . 1960 ; Nat h ,

Bot . S urv . Sou t h. Shan 305 . 1960 ; Angely , F1 . Paran. 17 : 46 . 1961 ;Darl ingt on 8 Wyl ie , Chromos . At l as , imp. 2 , 324 . 1961 ; Deb , Bu l l .

Bot . S urv . India 3 : 314 . 1961 ; Haines , Bot . Bihar Ori s sa , ed . 2 , 2

755 - 757. 1961 ; Hundl ey 8 K0 in Lace , Trees Shru bs Burma , ed. 3 ,203 . 1961 ; Harl er , Gard . Pl ains , ed . 4 , 159 , 167 , 8 453 . 1962 ; H. F .

MacMi l l an, Tr0p. Pl ant . Gard . , ed . 5 , imp. 8 , 104 . 1962 ; Mol d . , Rés umé S uppl . 3 : 28 (1962 ) and 4 : 10 . 1962 ; Rol l a , Bul l . Bot . S urv .

India 5 : 188 . 1963 ; Sharma 8 Mu khopadhyay , Journ. Genet . 58 : 359,362 , 373 , 375 , 8 381 , pl . 9 , f ig. 7 8 8 . 1963 ; Angely , Bibl . Veg.

Paran. 253 . 1964 ; Cave , Ind . P1 . Chromos . Numb . 2 : 330 . 1964 ; An

gely , F1 . Anal . Paran. , ed . 1 , 580 . 1965 ; Backer 8 Bakh F1 . Java2 : 609 . 1965 ; Banerj i , Rec . Bot . S urv . India 19 74 . 1965 ; Bur

ki l l , Dict . Econ. Prod . Mal ay Penins . , imp. 2 , 1 : 590 8 594 . 1965 ;Hook . 8 Arn. , Bot . Beech. Voy. , imp. 2 , 205 , 263 , 8 268 . 1965 ; Ma

heshwari 8 S ingh, Dict . Econ. P1 . India 44 . 1965 ; Ohwi , F1 . Jap.

765 . 1965 ; Sen 8 Naskar , Bu l l . Bot . S urv . I ndia 7 : 40 . 1965 ; Mat

t hew, Bu l l . Bot . S urv . I ndia 8 : 164 . 1966 ; T. Cooke , F1 . Presid .

Bombay , ed. 2 , imp. 2 , 2 : 513 - 414 . 1967; Lour . , F1 . Cochinch . , ed.

1 , imp. 2 , 2 : 387 - 388 . 1967; Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 15 : 19. 1967 ; Pal

8 Krishnamurt hi , F10w. Shru bs 29 - 30 8 134 - 135 . 1967 ; Pande , Bul l .

Dept . Med . P1 . Nepal 1 : 36. 1967 ; Tingl e , Check Li s t Hong Kong P1 .

38 . 1967 ; Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 16 : 19. 1968 ; Pat el , F1 . Mel ghat

269. 1968 ; H. Rose , Bul l . Mus . Nat . Hi s t . Nat . Pari s , ser . 2 , 39

1008 . 1968 ; Bol kh . , Gri f , Mat vej . , 8 Zakhar . , Chromos . Numb . F l ow.

P1 imp. 1 , 715 . 1969 ; Corner 8 Nat anabe , I l l u s t . Gu ide Tr0p. Pl .

758 . 1969 ; Rao 8 Verma , Bul l . Bot . S urv . I ndia 11 : 410 . 1969 ; D. R.

1986 Mol denke , Not es on CCcnodcndnum 383

w. Al exander , Hong Kong Shru bs 28 . 1971 ; Angely , Fl . Anal . Fi t oge

ogr . Est . S . Pau l o , ed . 1 , 4 : 829 8 iv , map 1373 . 1971 ; Brandi s ,Indian Trees , imp. 2 , 508 . 1971 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. 1 : 148 , 267 ,

270 , 271 , 273 , 285 , 288 , 292 , 293 , 295 , 300 , 304 , 313 , 315 , 322 ,

359 , 442 , 443 , 447, 8 448 (1971 ) and 2 : 456 , 463 , 465 , 732 , 733 , 8

867. 1971 ; Rox b F1 . I ndica , ed . 2 , imp. 3 , 478 . 1971 ; Gambl e , Man.

I ndian Timb . , ed . 2 , imp. 3 , 543 . 1972 ; Hara , Enum. Sperm. Jap

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Bucurest . 1972 - 1973 : 117. 1973 ; L . H. 8 E. Z . Bai l ey , Hort us Second ,

imp. 18 , 188 . 1974 ; Howes , Dict . Usef u l P1 . 59 . 1974 ; Mol d Phyt o

l ogia 28 : 449 . 1974 ; A . L . M0 1d . , Phyt ol ogia 29 : 172 . 1974 ; J . F .

Mort on, 500 P1 . 5 . Fl a . 1974 ; Napp- Zinn, Anat . Bl at t . A (1 )395 . 1974 ; Kooiman, Act . Bot . Neerl . 24 : 462 . 1975 ; Mol d Phyt ol o

gia 31 : 395 8 396 . 1975 ; L . H. 8 E. Z . Bai l ey , Hort us Third 285

286 . 1976 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 34 : 18 , 264 , 8 269 (1976) and 36 : 28 ,

37 , 8 42 . 1977 ; Fou rnet , F1 . I l l u s t . Phan . Buad . 1417 . 1978 ; Hock ing,

Excerpt . Bot . A. 3D: 419 . 1978 ; Li , Nan- fang 20 , 65 - 66 , 162 , 8 163 .

1979 ; Mol d Phyt ol og. Mem. 2 : 21 , 140 , 257 - 259 , 267, 270 , 274 ,

277 , 281 , 282 , 284 , 304 , 306, 313 , 349 , 384 , 389 , 391 , 392 , 461 ,

462 , 538 , 1 980 ; Rox b . , Hort . Beng. , imp. 2 , 46 . 1 980 ; Hu , Enum.

Chin. Mat . Med . 6 8 218 . 1981 ; Kanj i l al , Das , Kanj i l al , 8 De , Fl .

As sam, imp. 2 , 3 : 486 8 491 . 1982 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 50 : 259 . 1982 ;Sharma , Journ. Econ . Tax . Bot . 3 : 532 . 1982 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d . in

Dassan. 8 Fosb Rev . Handb . F1 . Cey1 . 4 : 411 , 415 - 417 , 445 , 462 ,

473 , 8 475 . 1983 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 57 : 35 , 339 , 8 344 58

185 , 192 , 195 - l 99 , 286 , 287 , 291 , 294 , 407 , 8 416 59 : 102 ,

104 , 106 , 8 470 60 : 62 , 135 , 136 , 8 141 and 61 : 23 ,

169 , 170 , 178 , 182 , 183 , 272 , 274 - 278 , 282 , 322 - 329 , 331 , 8 338 .

1986 .

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1792 ; Kerner , Hort . Semperviv . pl . 112 ( in col or ) . 1803 ; Edwards ,Bot . Reg. 8 : pl . 649 (in col or ) . 1822 ; Lodd Bot . Cab . 8 : pl . 796

( in col or ) . 1823 ; Loi s e1 .- Desl ong. in Mordant de Launay , Herb . Amat .

8 : pl . 519 ( in col or ) . 1827 ; Re ider , Ann . Bl umist . 8 : p1 . [ 6 ] (incol or ) . 1832 ; Drapiez , Herb . Amat . F1 . 6 : pl . 408 ( in col or ) . 1833Berge , Pf l anzenphysiogn . 94 . 1880 ; Bachman, Fl ora 69 [ ser . 2 , 44 ]414 , pl . 9 , f ig. 17 8 18 . 1886 ; Pynaert , Rev . Hort . Bel g. 22 : 253

( in color ) . 1896 ; Sol ereder , Sys t . Anat . Dicot . 713 , f ig. 151 C 8 D1899 ; D. H. Scot t in Sol ereder , Syst . Anat . Dicot . [ t rans l .

Boodl e 8 Fr i t sch] 1 : 632 , f ig. 151 C 8 D 1908 ; Neal , InHonol u l u Gard . 271 , f ig. 59e . 1928 ; Fang, Icon . P1 . Omeien. 1 : pl .

69 . 1944 ; Bowden , Amer . Journ. Bot . 32 : 198 , f ig. 202 1945 ;Met cal f e 8 Chal k , Anat . Dicot . 2 : f ig. C 8 D 1950 ;Bor 8 Raizada , Some Beau t . Indian C l imb . 148 , f ig. 93 . 1954 ; Sharma

fgzgkhopadhyay , Journ. Genet . 58 : 381 , pl . 9 , f ig. 7 8 8

A smal l , erect , gregar iou s , semi-woody or only basa11y woodys hru b or s u bs hru b ,

- 3 m. t al l . ramose or of t en s ingl e- s t emmed ,

Spreading rapidly by underground s t ems ; branches rat her s t ou t i s h ,

medu l l ose or hol l ow, very obt u sely t et ragonal , of t en deeply s u lcat ebetween t he angl es in drying, minu t ely and obscurely s t r igi l l osepu beru l ent or gl abrat e (except for t he nodes ) ; nodes annu l at e wi t h a

384 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

narrow band of l ong, int erpet iol ar , mu l t icel l u l ar , whi t e hairs ;principal int ernodes l . 8 cm. l ong; l eaves decu s sat e-oppos i t e ,

l arge ; pet iol es cyl indr ic , s t ou t (especial ly at t he base) , l . 6

cm. l ong, pu l veru l ent - pu beru l ent , t he l owes t 1 cm. on t he l arges tones u s ual ly col l aps ing q u ickly in wi l t ing; l eaf - bl ades t hin-membranous or chart aceou s , dark or deep-green and du l l or s hiny above ,

much pal er beneat h , ovat e or broadly ovat e t o obcordat e ,- 30

- 35 ] cm. (or more) in l engt h , 5 - 20 - 35 ] (or more ) sm. wide ,

apical ly abrupt ly acu t e or very s hort ly acuminat e , marginal ly sub

ent ire or repand t o dent icu l at e , basal ly deeply cordat e wit h t he

l obes of t en overl apping, very sparsely s t r igi l l ose or gl abrou s above ,

minu t ely pu l veru l ent and densely s q uamu lose wi t h gl i s t ening, gol den,

pel t at e scal es beneat h ; midri b s t ou t i s h, f l at or subprominul ent a

bove , prominent beneat h ; secondaries s l ender , 6 - 9 per s ide , t he 2

or 4 l owermos t i s s u ing palmat ely f rom t he l amina- base , t he l owes twi t h numerou s conspicuou s t ert iar ies ex t ending int o t he basal l obes ,f l at or subprominul ent above , prominul ent beneat h ; ve in and veinl et

ret icu l at ion rat her abundant , t he l arger part s somewhat conspicuou s(but not prominul ent ) above , f l at or t he l arger part s subprominul ousbeneat h ; inf l orescence t erminal or a pair of cymes al so ax i l l ary in

t he uppermos t l eaf - ax i l s , t he t erminal panicl e l arge , dense , and

s howy , 27 - 34 cm. l ong, 15 - 18 cm. wide , composed of 9 - l 4 pair s of

ascending, many- f l owered , spreading, rat her s hort - s t ipi t at e cymes ,wi t h s hort sympodia , al l part s deep br ight scarl et or red ; peduncl ess t ou t i s h ,

- 6 cm. l ong, minu t ely pu beru l ent or gl abrat e , of t en

deeply s u lcat e (al ong wi t h t he sympodia ) in drying; pedicel s sl en

der , 5 - 15 mm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; bract s fol iaceou s , ovat e or spat u

l at e , l ong- s t i pi t at e , t o cm. l ong and 2 cm. wide ; bract l et s l in

ear or obl ong, 5 - 15 mm. l ong, t o 2 mm. wide , pu beru l ent ; prophyll a l inear or obl ong, 5 - l l mm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; f l owers f ragrant ,

rel at ively smal l ; calyx campanu l at e , red , 5 - 10 mm. l ong, rat her

widely spreading and l oose , deeply 5- l obed or - part ed t o a or

i t s l engt h , t he t u be abou t 2 mm. l ong, gl andu l ar- hairy on bot h sur

f aces , t he l obes ovat e or l anceol at e t o t r iangu l ar , abou t mm.

l ong, apical l y acu t e or s hort - acuminat e , ex t ernal ly pu beru l ent ; co

rol l a hypocrat eri form, red or scarl et t o vermi l l ion, t o cm.

l ong overal l , t he t u be very s l ender , l . 5 - 2 cm. l ong, abou t twice as

l ong as t he calyx , ex t ernal ly obscurely pu beru l ent , t he l imb 5- l obedand abou t 15 mm. wide , t he l obes spat u l at e or obovat e , 3 - 8 mm.

l ong, abou t 3 mm. wide , s u beq u al or uneq ual , apical ly rounded , dor

sal ly pu beru l ent ; s t amens 4 , insert ed in t he upper part of t he corol

l a- t u be , l ong- ex sert ed , ascending, ex t endi ng 3 cm. beyong t he mou t h

of t he corol l a- t u be , circ inat ely cu rved in bud ; f i l ament s s l ender ,

4 - 5 cm. l ong, s l ight ly v i l l ou s ; ant hers obl ong, versat il e , yel l ow;s tyl e s l ender , 6 - 8 cm. l ong, u s ual ly ex t ending abou t 2 cm. beyond

t he corol l a-mou t h , gl abrou s ; s t igma minu t e , s hort ly bi f id , t he

branches apical ly acu t e ; ovary s u perior , 4- cel l ed , ex t ernal ly gl ab

rou s ; ov u l es 1 per cel l , pendu l ou s ; f ru it ing-calyx pat el l i f orm,

cor i aceou s , rat her f l es hy , greeni s h-whi t e dorsal ly , bright- red ven

t ral ly , accrescent , gl abrou s , enclos ing t he f ru i t , 4 cm. in diamet er , t he l obes l anceol at e , 10 - l 4 mm. l ong, 3 - 5 mm. wide , s t rong

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386 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

t o be China and Japan ; Boj er (1837) f ound i t cu l t i v at ed in Mauri t

ius , but int roduced t here f rom China and Japan ; Voigt (1845 ) found i t

growing in gardens near Cal cu t t a .

S iebol d 8 Zuccarini (1846) and Mi q uel (1865 ) as s ert def ini t el yt hat t he species was int roduced int o Japan f rom Korea . Franchet 8

Savat ier (1875 ) say ;"Hab [ i t at ] in Japonia, e remot iore t empore in

t roduct um. K iou - s iou , c irca Nangasaki e Corea al l at um, t es t e Thunberg.

“Mason (1885 ) comment s t hat

"The Bu rmese gardens are ornamen

t ed wi t h t hi s species , which bears a l arge cone of s uperb scarl etf l owers . Al t hough said t o be or iginal ly f rom China , i t appears t obe nat u ral ized in Burma Maximowicz (1886) gi ves i t s di s t ri bu t ionas

" China au s t ral i (Hooker et Arnot t ) : ins . Hainan (Hancock ) , inboreal i et in Japonia cul t um. India , Mauri t i u s . Ex Kaempf ero in

Japoniam int riduct um ex ins . Luzon et ex Korea , inde et ab indigen

is Rj uke gir i et Korei giri appel l at ur"

. Diel s (1902 ) found i t at

Chunking in cent ral China ; Brandi s (l 906) l i s t s i t f rom 3000 feet

al t i t ude in S ikkim, as wel l as f rom As sam, Si l het , S ingapore , and

China and adds Of t en cu l t i vat ed" ; Cooke (l 906) cl aims t hat i t isa

"nat i ve of China and S umat ra“

. Dunn 8 Tut cher (1912 ) found i t

nat ural ized in Hong Kong, where it f l owers in May .

Hal l ier (1918) gi ves t he di s t ri bu t ion of t he species , as known t o

him, as Japan, China , Hainan, S ikkim, Eas t Bengal , Bhu t an, As sam,

Bu rma , t he Andaman I s l ands , S ingapore , S umat ra , Java , Cel ebes , and

t he Phi l ippine I s l ands ; Bakhu izen (1921 ) l i s t s i t f rom Japan, China ,

I ndia , t he Phil ippines , and t he Mal ay Archipel ago ; Neal (1928) describes i t sa cu l t i vat ed in Hawai i , wi t h i t s nat i ve home gi ven as" I ndia and China Grey 8 Hu bbard (1933 ) f ound i t cu l t ivat ed in

Cu ba , where i t was col l ect ed by At kins in 1906 . Hu (1938) l i s t s t hespecies f rom F u kien , Kwangs i , Kwangt ung, Szechuan, and d nan prov

inces , China . Kanj i l al and hi s as sociat es (1939) f ound i t in As sam,

wil d and"al so widely cu l t i vat ed in t he gardens f l owering t here in

t he col d season". Lam 8 Meeuse (1942 ) give i t s nat u ral dist ribu

t ion as" I ndia and China t o Japan, Phi l ippines , and Mol uccas " .

Fang (1944 ) t el l s u s t hat"Thi s pl ant has been cu l t i vat ed common

ly in var iou s gardens in wes t ern Szechu an . It is highly apprec iat ed

for i t s beau t i f u l scarl et f l owers and ampl e inf l orescences as wel l

as for i t s l ong f l ower- season f romMay t o J u ly"

. Pét el ot (1953 )cl a ims t hat i t occu rs t hroughou t I ndochina , as wel l as in t rop[ ical ] A s ia and China“

. Bor 8 Raizada (1954 ) cl aim i t t o be a"Nat i ve

of China , ex t ending t o t he Himal ayas , Japan and S umat ra , cu l t ivat edt hroughou t t he t ropical and s u bt ropical part s of t he gl obe

".

Masamune (1955 ) report s t he species int roduced in Okinawa ;Nat h (1960 ) report s i t f rom t he Sou t hern Shan S t at es of Burma ; Deb(1961 ) found i t

"

general ly under cu l t ivat ion in homes t ead compoundsin Manipu r . Hundl ey 8 K0 (1961 ) as sert t hat i t i s a Nat ive of Ih

dia and China . Nat u ral ized in Ceyl on"

, l i s t ing i t al so f rom Burma ;Rol l a (l 963) cl aims t hat i t is

"common“

in S ikkim, whi l e Banerj i

(1965 ) report s i t only occas ional " in Nepal . Burki l l (1965 ) i hforms uS t hat i t is found f rom t he Himal ayas and Japan t o S umat raand Cel ebes ; in t he [Mal ay ] Peninsul a i t occurs abou t S ingapore and

Mal acca . S ince 1790 i t has been in cu l t i vat ion in European gardens ,and probably came int o t he Penins u l a t hrough t hi s

". Ohwi (1965 ) re

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on Ci enodendnum 387

f ers t o i t , on t he ot her hand , as a Mal ayan shrub of t en cu l t ivat ed in t he warmer part s of our area [ Japan] as an ornament al " . Sen

8 Naskar as wel l as Maheshwari 8 S ingh report i t

cu l t ivat ed in I ndia ; Mat t hew (1966) l i s t s i t f romWest Bengal . Ya

mazaki (1966) as sert s t hat i t is a Nat i ve of t ropical As ia"

; Rose(1968) found i t cu l t i vat ed in France ; t he Bai l eys (1976) l i s t i t as

cu l t ivat ed in t he Uni t ed S t at es , but nat ive t o China 8 IndiaSharma (1982 ) l i s t s i t f rom Eas t Punjab . My wi fe and I observed i t

in ou t door cu l t ivat ion at 7000 f eet al t i t ude in Sri Lanka . Accor

ding t o Synge (1956) and Bor 8 Raizada (1954 ) i t has been in cu l t ivat ion in Engl and s ince 1790 . It is probabl e t hat t he

" C . japonicum

"recorded f rom Karakel ong, in t he Tal aud I s l ands , is real ly C .

haempflcni . The Henb. Hoax. Bot . Began. cit ed be

l ow, cu l t ivat ed ih Java , i s said t o have come original ly f rom Borneo .

The col or of t he corol l as of C . hacmpgeni has been descr ibed as

Scarl et“by Rox bu rgh Mason Cooke Dunn 8

Tut cher Neal Fang (l 944 ) , Bor 8 Raizada Deb

Banerj i and Pat el as wel l as on Han 70751and Mot denke g al . 28161 , as

"bri l l iant scarl et by Woodrow

"deep- scarl et by Pal 8 Kr ishnamurt hi "

bright - scarl et byt he Bai l eys scarl et - red" on Li ang 61985, crimson by Bur

ki l l coral -cr imson by Firminger vermi l l ion on

Anaujo 8 AngcCi 1328, Hat achbach 34848, Mal i a Banuet o 4386, and

kni t : 6874 ,"red on Bunpheng 857, Dec 578, Ebcnhandt 4911, Gneaaixx

45 8 826, Ladé en 8 Landau 34222, Lei 196, Pi ckl eé 2952, Tab 98, Tai

ang 2123, Tani 306, and Yat es 2525, br ight- red on Chan 8 Tao 43442,

Liang 61548, and Sumi t hnaanachchi 8 at .

“orange- red

"on Lam

2775,“orange

“on Congdon 734.

" s t rong reddi s h-orange"on Aveay

1289, and"red or orange

“by Pét el ot

Common and vernacu l ar names recorded f or t he s pec ies incl udeba- l ant ana

"

,

"ban dé" ,

"

bant ané"

,

"ban t rang

"

,

"bhandariphul

bugyini"

. bugy-ni"

bu-

gynee-nee"bu j ? nee

"

,

“ch

'au shi mut

l i"

,

"ch

' eng ch'eng- t

' ung- hua cl erodendre ecai l l eux"

,

dhopat - t it a"dok pung ping dong

“f i giri

"

,

"f l or de paridé

"

,

f ung mi chu f ungmi chi "

,

"f un nam" ,

“

gir i”

, nigiri"

,

"hi

gu iri hpet nan"

,

" Kampf ers Losbaum"

,

"kaukgyi

- pan"

,

“komping

korei giri"

,

"l apung ping

"

,

l‘l eo do orokdang

"

,

"

pagoda f l ower

pak yat hung"

pangi l pangi l pat rang"

,

”

peragu écail l eu x “

,

pet ka“

,

"

pet pint"

,

"

phingphee daeng"

, phumphi daeng"

,

" scal edcl erodendrum " scarl et cl erodendron

"

,

" scarl et cl erodendrum" ,

"sepanggi l s ummoner of spiri t s ] ,

"sorot geni

"

,

"t afi

giri"

, t au-

gi s i"t ei t oo

"

,

"t igiri

"t o kir i t ook ir i

"

, t oot h

l eaved cl erodendrum" ,

“t oo gu iri

"

,

"t ou gir i

"

t oG- giri"

,

vol kamier de Koempf er and' "vol kamier écarl at e Tingl e (1967)

prov ides addi t ional names in Chinese charact ers and Ku rz (1875 )prov ides one in Burmese charact ers . Mi q uel (1865 ) point s out t hat

t he Japanese vernacu l ar name , t igiri wit h i t s variou s ort hograph

ic var iant s , s igni f ies t he Chinese giri“

.

Harl er (1962 ) report s t hat t he inf lorescences of Ci enodendnumhacmpgeni are u sed as cut f lowers in India . Hu (1938 , 1981 ) report st hat t he species is a

"medicinal pl ant f or t he nat ive T'ai peopl e in

Yflnnan and t hat t he root s and l eaves are of f ered in Chinese mat eria

388 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 6

medica as Radi x et f ol i umcl erodendr i kaempf eri In Viet nam an

inf u s ion i s drunk as a t ea in t he t reatment of cons umpt ion Pet e

l ot (1953 ) says Dans l a prov ince de Quéng- Tr i au Cent re- Viet nam,

l es racines bou i l l ies donnent une t i sane cont ra l es mal adies depoi t r ine

". In I ndones ia an inf u s ion in v inegar i s u sed t o t reat

gonorrhea . Bor 8 Raizada (1954 ) report t hat t he fol iage is chewed

t o t reat pas s ing of bl ood in t he s t ool and t he j u ice of t he l eavesi s u sed as a l ot ion in I ndia . In Mal aya t he pl ant is u sed in nat ive

magic f or s ummoning t he fores t spiri t s"

. Bri q uet remarkably , under t he name C . i ngonzunai um as sert s t hat t hepl ant

"ist angebl ich gi f t ig

The pol l en i s descri bed by Serbanescu- Ji t ariu 8 Mi t roiu (1973) on

t he bas i s of a Herb . Lugd .- Bat av . Specimen in t he herbari umof t he

Uni vers i t y of Cl uj (as no . as :"

prol at ; 3- ool porat amai rar

4-col porat ; vézut apical 39 mu in diam. , din prof i l i nal t

mu , l at - 52 mu . Pol enul scut urat din ant ere si

vézut cmochi u l l iber es t e gal ben- port ocal iu , in apa l a microsc0pport ocal iu- brun, in chl oral hidrat

gal ben- pal . In general sporoderma

prezint é acel easi caract eri st ici c l a pol enul de CL . Lnfiont unai um.

cu deosebirea ca spinul i i de pe supraf at a acest eia s int rel at iv maimar i .

"

Bowden (1945 ) and Darl ingt on 8 Wyl ie (1956 , 1961 ) give t he chromosome count for t hi s species as Zn 60 , based on a specimen no

2330- 39 f rom t he Royal Palm Nursery at Oneco , Fl orida . Sharma 8

Mu khopadhyay however , as wel l as Cave (1964 ) and Bol khovek

ikh and his as sociat es (1969) gi ve i t as 2n 52 .

The Bai l eys (1935 ) l i s t only t he Royal Palm Nu rsery , ment ioned a

bove , as a commercial sou rce of seeds or pl ant s of t hi s species fort he American hort icu l t u ral t rade ; Mat t oon (1958) l i s t s two sou rces .

Sweet (1827) informs u s t hat , as C . aquamaxum i t was int ro

duced [ by Sir Joseph Banks ] t o Engl i s h gardens in 1790 f rom China ,

but as C . dent at um"in 1826 f rom t he Eas t I ndies .

As t o met hods of cu l t i vat ion , Ba ines (1877) s t at es t hat t hi spl ant can

"be rai sed f rom seeds sown as soon as ripe in au t umn, but

in order t o obt ain t hem t he f irs t f l ower- s t ems mu s t not be removed ,

but al l owed t o remain on t he pl ant unt i l t he seed i s mat u red . Sow

t he seeds s ingly in smal l pot s , covering t hemwi t h H in. of soi l ,

t hey wi l l soon veget at e and wi l l req u ire t reat ing in every way s imil ar t o young pl ant s rai sed f romcu t t ings .

An anonymou s"Grower

"in The Garden [ London] (1893) gives very

el aborat e and det ai l ed ins t ruct ions abou t t he cu l t i vat ion of t hi sand rel at ed s pecies in Engl and . He not es t hat "

There mu s t be a

reason for t he absence of t hese f ine f l owering s u bject s f rom our

col l ect ions of s t ove pl ant s now- a-days . I t hink t hi s is l argely t o

be at t r ibu t ed t o t heir s u scept ibi l it y t o t he at t acks of t he mealybug. If t hi s be so , more i s t he pi ty , for t hey are t ru ly grandpl ant s when wel l grown, t aking up a l it t l e more room t han t he average run of pl ant s when cu l t ivat ed as Spec imens , but not so when con

f ined t o smal l pot s . Wit hin t he fog radi u s t here is always t he ri s kof inj u ry af t er abou t t he middl e of Sept ember , but not so in t he

count ry , where I have had t hem good t o t he end of Oct ober . The fogs

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390 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO. 6

emarginat is . S t yl u s l ongu s : s t igmat e acu t o , bi f ido . Bacca l - sperma . Habi t at Cant one . Sinarum.

"Thi s appears t o describe mos t ly C .

kaempgenz and part ly C . viacoaumVent . according t o Merri l l

Poiret (1808 ) provides a l engt hy descript ion of his int erpret a

t ion of C . Aquamat um: Cet t e pl ant e , as sez sembl abl e par son port au

Ci cnodcndnum ingonzunazum, en di f fere en ce que ses f eu i l l es sontgl abres , pl u s profondément échancrées a l eu r base , 8 que l es pani

cu l es , l es cal ices 8 l es corol l es sont égal ement gl abres : el l e est

d'ai l l eurs remarq uabl e par l a beau t é de son port 8 ses bel l es pani

cu l es de f l eu rs .

"Ses t iges sont droi t es , f ru t escent es ; el l es se divi sent en ram

eau x gl abres , t ét ragones , marq ués a chaque f ace d'uh f i l l on as sez

profond . Les f eu i l l es sont opposées , pet iol ées , t res -grandes ,oval es , l ongues de t roi s a ci nq pouces , l arges de deu x a q uat re , en

coeur , 8 prof ondément echancrées a l eur base , aigues a l eur sommet ,

ent ieres a l eur bords ou q uel q uefoi s obscu rément dent icul ées ; marquées de nerv u res , dont l a principal e est di v i sée en d

'au t res ,

s impl es pour l a pl u part , S i 1'on en except e cel l es qui occupent l a

base de l a f eu i l l e : el l es se t erminent a une ou deu x l ignes avant l ebord des feu i l l es . La f ace inférieure de ces f eu i l l es est gl abre ,

d'uh vert pal e , cou vert e d

'uh as sez grand nombre de pet i t s corps

écai l l eu x , arrondi s ou obl ongs , ombi l i q ués dans l eur mi l ieu , que jesoupconne et re , ou q uel q ue kermes , ou q uel q ues pl ant es crypt ogames

paras i t es , voi s ines des ecidium. La face s upéri eure est d'uh vert

pl u s foncé, chargée de t res - pet i t s poi l s fort cou rt s , rares , a peine

sens ibl es . Les pét iol es sont gl abres , s t riés , au moins au s s i l ongs ,8 meme pl u s l ongs que l es f eu i l l es . Dans l es dernieres 8 jeunesf eu i l l es i l s sont pu bescens , meme vel u s a l eur base , 8 l es f eu i l l esc i l iées a l eu rs bords .

"Les f l eu r s forment une t res bel l e 8 grande panicul e t erminal e ,

ét al ée , gl abre , 8 dont l es pédoncu l es communs sont profondémentf i l l onnés , d

'abord dichot omes , pu i s sou vent t r ichot omes a l eur

seconde di v i s ion; muni s , h chacune de l eu r bi f u rcat ion , de deu xfol iol es opposées , pét iol ées , oval es , a igues , uh peu vel ues en des

sou s . Cel l es des rami f icat ions s upér ieu res se rét réci s sent insensibl ement , 8 enf in l es dernieres sont ses s i l es , ét roi t es 8 s u bu l éeschaq ue f l eu r est s upport ée par uh pedicu l e f i l i f orme , as sez l ong.

Le cal ice est profondément divi se en c inq décou pu res t res - gl abres ,un peu col orées , oval es , aigues , pers i s t ent es . La corol l e a un t u begrel e , t roi s f oi s pl u s l ong que l e cal ice , qui se part age a son ori

f ice en cinq di v i s ions l anceol ées , aigues . Les ét amines sont re

marquabl es par l eur s f i l amens , qui me paroi ssent de cou l eur purpurine , 8 d

' une l ongueur bien pl u s cons iderabl e que dans l es au t resespeces : i l s s ai l l ent d

'environ deu x pouces hor s de l a corol l e . Les

pi s t i l s sont de l a meme l ongueur .

Cet t e bel l e espece a ete rapport ée par Sonnerat des I ndes orien

t al es , qui en a communi q ué des exempl aires au ci t oyen Lamarck .

C ‘es t d '

aprés uh de ces exempl aires que M. Vahl a ét abl i cet t e es

pece . Not e t he idea t hat on f ir s t gl ance t he scal es on t he l ower

l eaf bl ade s u rf ace might be paras it ic f ungi ; al so t hat t he

corol l a t u be is described as t hree (not two ) t 1mes as long as t he

1986 Mol denke , Not es on CCcnodendnum 391

calyx .

Thunberg in t rans f erring Vot hameni a kaempfieai Jacq . t o

t nodcndnon, descri bes t he pl ant as an“ Arbor f ormosissima ad ambu

l acra cu l t a "

, but t hi s descript ion appl ies t o St encul ia pl azanigot iaL . f . , not t o our pl ant !

Roxburgh (1832 , 1874 ) separat es his UoChamenia dent at a by i t s

l eaf - bl ades being marginal ly acu t ely dent at e , wi t h t he two basall obes so l arge t hat t hey overl ap each ot her , whereas in what he re

gards as V. hacmpficni t he l eaf- bl ades are marginal ly ent ire and t he

basal l obes are smal l er and not overl apping. He as sert s t hat V.

kaempfleni i s" A l arge , ramou s , erect , s hru b , now common in gardens a

bou t Calcu t t a ; i t was original ly int roduced f rom China . I s in f l ow

er du r ing t he hot and rainy season. 0f V. dent at a he says :"An

erect , very el egant s hru b , of t hree or fou r f eet in height , a na

t i ve of t he Si l het di s t r ict ; f l owering t ime t he hot and rainy sea

son; i t has not yet r i pened seed in t he Bot anic garden , where i t

grows l u x uriant ly , and is very ornament al when in f l ower . It di f

f er s f rom V. Kaempgeni and Buchanani in t he l eaves being dent at e ,

and f romant i ci fiol ia in being a permanent s hru b ; bes ides in t hat

species t he l eaves are much deeper cut around t he margin, and t he

l obes never so l arge as even t o meet . In al l t he f our , t he f l ower sare nearly al ike in S ize , s t ruct u re and col ou r , viz . a very br ight

deep scarl et .

"

Morren (1845 ) gi ves a det ai l ed hi s t ory of t he species as int er

pret ed by him: Cet t e bel l e pl ant e de serre-chaude , s'él evant en

arbre branchu et richement f l or i f iere , a ét é int rodu i t par l a societ é hol l andai se qui expl oi t e en ce moment l es riches ses hort icul t ural es du Japon; c

'es t en 1843 qu

'el l e a pas sé de Hol l ande en Bel gi q ue

oh l es hort icu l t eur s l a connai s sent sou s l e nomde Ct enodcndnon Kaemp6eni . En Angl et erre oh el l e est a peine int rodu i t et 00 el l e h

'ex

i s t e que dans l es col l ect ions l es pl u s riches , comme cel l e de duc

de Nort humberl and , el l e est connue sou s l e nom de Cl cnodcndnon coc

ci neum. M. Lindl ey qui dans l e Bot anical regi s t er de 1844 , a rev ul es di f férent es especes du genre Cl znodcndnon , l

‘a cl as sée sou s l e

véri t abl e nomque Mart in Vahl , prof es seur de Copenhagen , l u ila donné

dans l e deuxiéme ses Symbol ae bot anicae , pu bl ie en

1791 . M. Lindl ey a démont re égal ement que cet t e pl ant e est l e

Val hamenia Kaempfleniana de Jacq u in, denominat ion f au s se pou r l e

genre , mai s d 'oh est venue l '

appel l at ion sou s l aq uel l e l es hort icul t eurs hol l andai s ont envoyé cet t e espece en Bel gi q ue .

" C ‘es t encore cet t e meme espece que M. Pax t on a donnée dans son

Magazine of l e Cl cnodcndnon speci oaiaaimum. Au res

t e , ce végét al avai t déja paru en Europe des 1790 , mai s i l y a ét é

perdu depu i s , et c'es t grace aux t ravau x de l a compagnie hol l an

dai se de l ' expl orat ion du Japon, que cet t e reint roduct ion a an l ieu .

Le Cl enodendnon aquamaxum est originaire de l a Chine , et S i son nom

ge’

nér ique ,Ct u odendnon, rappel l e son étymol ogie ,

10 1 1790 5

, fort une ,

et JL YJPO Y, arbre , arbre de fort une , c'es t , en ef f et , pour nos ser

res une bonne fort une que son acq u i s i t ion .

Les cl erodendron int i t u lés Ci caodendnon Aquamaxum et Ci enoden

dnomaquamaZum venum dans l es cat al ogues des hort icu l t eur s de Bel

392 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 6

gigue , ne sont pas des C2enodcndnon de ce nom. Nou s l es avons ex

ami nes et sur aucune de ces deu x espéces , l'une bien di f ferent de

l‘au t re , n

'ex i s t e l e caract ere speci f ique du squamaxum, a savoir l es

l epides ecai l l euses du des sou s de l a f eu i l l e . Sur l e C2enodcndnon

Aquamat um venum, nou s avons t rou vé des poi l s f ort s et gros ; sur l e

C2cnodcndaon aquamazum repu t é l a v iei l l e pl ant e , 1es poi l s sont pl u spet i t s , maigres et épar s .

"Il s u i t de l a des rect i f icat ions import ant es a f aire . Les C2en

odcndnon vendu s et a vent re en Bel gi q ue , sou s l e nom de aquamaxumet de aquamaxum vanam ne sont pas des C2cnodcndnon Aquamaxum.

Seu l ement , l e C2cnodcndnon KaempflenL des hort icu l t eur s bel ges et

hol l andai s est l e v ra i C2enodcndnon aquamazum des au t eu r s . Troi siemement , l es C2cnodcndnon speci oaiaaimum et cocci neum na sont au t reschoses que l e C2enodendnon aquamazum. Voi la ce qui res t e de cl air

et de pos i t i f su mi l ieu de cet t e t our de Babel , ou avec l a conf u s iondes l angues , l

'hort icu l t ure des cat al ogues ent raine encore l a con

f u s ion de 1 'espri t . Not re premier devoir est de ramener par t ou s

nos moyens l es int el l igence s a ce qui est j u s t e et honnet e ; et si

nou s bl es sons ic i q uel q ues int éret s , not re droi t est dans l a rai son ,

l a sc ience et l a vér i t é . It wou l d appear t hat t he C . Aquamazum and

C . Aquamat um venum t o which he ref ers , being wi t hou t scal es on t he

l eaf bl ades , but be ing, ins t ead , pu bescent t here , probably are formsof C . Apec2 0824 82mum Van Geert , or t he l es s hairy one perhaps C .

buchanani (Rox b . ) Wal p.

S iebol d 8 Zuccar ini (1846) not e t hat Schon Wil l denow

mi t Recht , das s die Thunbergsche Vo2h. japoni ca nicht mi t der in

Gart en unt er diesemNamen ku l t i v iert en Pf l anzen zu sammengezogenderden kdnne , und nennt in der Enumerat io l et zt ere C2 28 .

gnagnana . Persoon fuhrt ebenf al l s V. japoni ca und finagnana geson

der t auf . Er s t die neueren Schri f t s t el l er ziehen be ide wieder zu

sammeh , l as s en dagegen aber C2 . aquamai um oder Kampgcni al s eigne

Art bes t ehen . Al l erdings scheinen zwar zwi schen dieser und 002 k

japoni ca Thunb . nach des Let zt eren Beschrei bung se iner Pf l anze e1 h

ige Verschiedenhe 1 t en obzuwal t en , aber da Thunberg, Kampf er a . a . 0 .

zu se iner Pf l anze c i t irt , des sen Beschre i bung of f enbar auf Vo2k.

Kampgeni hinwe i s t (Fi kir i , i . e . i gnea kir i . a col ore igneo s t yl osf l or idos , per iant hia ac f l oscul os t ingennt e ), so dur f t e dieses dieAbwe ichungen in der Beschrei bung au sgl e ichen und demnach C2 . Aquama

zum Vahl al s ident i sch mi t Vo2k. japonica Thunb . zu bet racht en seyh ,

C2en. gnagnana dagegen al s eigne Art bes t ehen , deren S t ammformmi teinf achen Bl ut hen j et zt auch schon in Gart en vorkommt . C . aquamat umi st nach Thunberg aus Korea nach Japan verpf l anzt , ob C . guaguanaauch in Japan s ich f inde , scheint noch zwei f el haf t . Im Siebol dtschen Herbar 1umwenigs t ens fehl t sie .

Hasskarl (1855 ) di v ides C . Aquamai um Vahl int o two Greek- l et t er

var iet ies : al pha japonicum wi t h t he t u bo corol l ae calyc is dupl aml ongi t ud . v1 x aequant e

"and bet a 2nd2cum wi t h t he t u bo corol l ae

calyce pl u s du pl o l ongiore It seems t o me t han t he former appl iest o C . japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet and t he l at t er t o C . kaempfleni(Jacq . ) S ieb . , al t hough he seems t o have regarded his japoni cum as

repres ent ing t he typical" C . Aquamaxum Vahl He f u rt her observes

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394 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

Mason Maximowicz Woodrow Diet r ich

Morren Voigt Jackson Pynaert Diel s(1900 , Dunn 8 Tut cher Backer Rodger

Neal Kanj i l al 8 al . Bi swas (l 94l ) , Pét elotBor 8 Raizada Hundl ey 8 K0 Burki l l Corner 8

Wat anabe Rao 8 Verma (l 969) , Serbanesco- Ji t ar iu 8 Mi t roiu

and SharmaOn t he ot her hand , C . kaemp‘eni and/or C . squamaxum is regarded

as a synonym of C . japoni cum by Makino t he Bai l eys (1941 ,

Lam 8 Meeuse Fang (l 944 ) , Hara (1948 , MasamuneMat t oon Backer 8 Bakhu izen Banerj i

Ohwi Yamazaki and Pande It i s regarded as a

synonym of C . speci oaiabimum Van Geert by Mort on

Ot her binomial s somet imes incl uded in t he synonymy of C . kaemp5282 are : C2cnodendnon (or C2cnodcndnum) dhnnani i Lévl [ by Pét el ot ,

1953 , act ual ly a synonymof C . japonzcum (Thunb . ) Sweet ] , C . 6u2genaFirminger [ a name t hat probably bel ongs in t he synonymy of C . Apeei

oxzxximum Van Geert ] , C . japoni cum Sweet [ by Al exander , C .kaempgeni F i sch . [ apparent ly real ly a synonym of C . japoni cum] , C .

zeuerzzer Fedde [ by Pét el ot , 1 953 , a di s t inct s pecies , which see ] ,C . Acapi gcnum Miq. [ a di s t inct specie s , which see ] , C . speci oaiaaimum Hort . Angl . [ a synonym of C . g2andu2oaum C . specioaia

aimum Pax t . [ a synonym of C . 4pcc2082882mum Van Geert ] , and Vo2ka

mania j aponica Thunb . [ by Maximowicz , 1886 , and Pét el ot , 1953 , a

synonym of C . japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet ] .

In t he synonymy of C2enodandnum kaempgeni gi ven by me on previou spages of t he present ser ies of not es t here are numerou s homonyms t owhich ref erence is made . These , and how t hey are di sposed of by mein t he pres ent series of not es , are as fol lows :

C2caodendaon inflot t unazum Auct 1963 , C . 2nflonzuna2um Schau . ,

1918 , and C . i nflont unaZumWi l l d 1976 , are synonyms of C2cnodendnumviacaaum Vent C2cnodcndnon 2nfionxunazum Bl ume , 1947 , is C2cnoden

dnum buchananz (Roxb . ) Wal p. ; C2eaodcndnon i ngoazunai um Bot . Reg. is

C2cnodendnum speci oaiaaimum Van Geert ; C2enodcndnon i nfionzunazumDennst . ,C. 2néonzunazum Lam. , 1947 , C . 2n6082unaxum Wal p. , 1843 , and

C . i nfionzunai um Wight , 1850 , are synonyms of C2cnodcndnum 02220 8umBl ume ; C2cnodcndnon i ngonxunaxum Gaert n . , 1885 , is C2cnodcndnum 2n

5ont unazum L . ; and C2enodendnon 2nfloat una2um F.- Vi l l 1882 , i s C2en

odendnummi nahaaaae Tei j sm. 8 Binn .

C2cnodendnum i nflonzunaxa L 1753 , C . Lnfiont unaium Gaert n. , 1788 ,

C . Lnfionzunazum P. S . , and C . 2néonzuna2um Vent . , 1821 , are al l C .

i ngonzunat um L . ; C2enodcndnum i nfioat unazum Auct 1955 , C . i nfiomt unal um Bl ume , 1967, C . i nflonxunaxum Lour . ( in part ) , and C . i ngonzunaium Wil l d 1976 , are al l synonyms of C . uLacoaam Vent C . 2nfloat unazum Dehns t 1959 , C . i ngomi unazum Has s k . , and C . i ngoazunazumW1ght are synonyms of C . 0222oaum Bl ume ; C . i nfiont unazum Lindl . is

C . speci oaiaaimum Van Geert , and C . i néont unaxum Niq. , 1968 , is C .

confluAum H. Hal l ier .

C2u odcndnwn hacmpgvu'

F i sch 1821 , C2e/wdendnon kaempfiej téFi sch . ex Morr . , 1845 , C . haempgcn2 S t eud 1948 , and C . kaempflcniS i eb . herb . ex Miq. 1 903 , are al l synonyms of C2enodcndnum japan

1986 Mol denke , Not es <n1 c2cnodcndnum 395

{cum (Thunb . ) Sweet .

C2enodendnon speci oaiaaimum-Pax t 1837 , and C . speci oaiaaimum Van

Geert , 1836 , are in t he synonymy of C2enodcndnum speci oaiaaimum Van

Geert .

C2enodcndnon Aquamazum Hal l ier f . i s a synonym of C . bezhunianumLow; C . Aquamaxum Hort . ex Morr . , C . aquamuxum Neal 8 Met zger , 1934 ,

and C . aquamaxum Rock . 1934 . are c2enodendnum 4pcc20424 42mum Van

Geert ; and C . aquamazum H. J . Lam, 1923 , is C2cnodcndnum i nt enmcdiumCham.

Numerou s inf ras pec i f ic t axa have been proposed . My di sposal of

t hese is as f ol l ows : C2enodcndnon. aquamuxum var . bezhuniana (Lowe )Bakh. i s C2cnodendnum bexhunianum Low; C2enodcndnon Aquamazum var .

q m tum Bac‘

ker is 0201 10d Acapi flu umMiq. ; C2u odcndnon

aquanuxum var . japoni cum Has s k . is C2enodendnum japoni cum (Thunb . )Sweet ; C2enodcndnon. aquanuxum var . javani cum Tei j sm. i s C2cnodcndnum

japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet ; C2cnodcndaon aquamaZum var . aumphianum

(DeVr iese ) Bakh. is C2cnodcndnum numphianum DeVr iese 8 Tei j sm. ; C2en

odcndnon aquamaxum var . acopiflenum H. J . Lam and var . Acapi écnum(Niq. ) H. J . Lamare C2u odcndlcumAcap26mwn Miq. ; C2u odcndnon

Aquamaiflm var . t ypi ca Bakh . is C2cnodcndnum japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet ;C2enodcndnon aquamaxum var . un22c25022a C . 8 . Cl arke and var . unzi

c26022um Hook . f . are C2cnodcndnum u2 22c26022um (Roxb . ) Wal lC2caodendnon. aquanuJMn1 ? i ndi cum Has s k . i s C2cnodcndnum Apcc2oaia

Aimum Van Geert ; and C2cnodendnon Aquamaxum vanam Hort . ex Morr . i s

C2eaodendnum Apeci oaiaaimum Van Geert .

C2enodendnum japoni cum (Thunb . ) Sweet and C . kaempflcni (Jacq . )S ieb . are t he two red- f l owered s q uamu l ose- l eaved spec ies mos t of t en

conf u sed . They may u s ual ly be di s t ingu i s hed as fol l ows1 . Calyx in ant hes i s 10 - 15 mm. l ong; corol l as 2 - 3 cm. l ong

C . japom'

cum.

l a . Calyx in ant hes i s l es s t han 10 mm. long; corol l as over 3 cm. l ong

C . hacmpflvué.It s hou l d be not ed t hat popu l at ions of C2eaodendnum kaempflenL in

t he New Worl d u s ual ly have t he t erminal panicl es much denser , wi t h

s hort er sympodia and more short ly s t ipi t at e cymes , and t he ax i l l arycymes much s hort er- peduncu l at e t han in C . japoni cum.

Keys t o hel p di s t ingu i s h C . kaempgen2 f rom ot her cu l t ivat ed t axain t hi s genu s wi l l be found under C . bet hunianum Low in t he presentser ies of not es [ 58 : l 95 f rom ot her Madagascar t axa under C .

banonianumOl iv . [ 58 : 184 - l 94 ] , f rom Indian and Hawai ian t axa underC . i ndi cum (L . ) Kunt ze [ 61 : 23 f rom ot her As sam species underC . gnifléixhi anum C . B. Cl arke [ 60 : 134 f rom ot her Chineset axa under C . caneacena Wal l . [ 58 : f romot her Indochinese spe

cies under C . hahnianum 00 p [ 60 : 141 and f romot her I ndonesian t axa under C . h2cmmci Elm.

Among t he inaccu racies and errors in t he l i t erat u re of C . kaemp

6242 may be not ed t he fol lowing: t he Angely (1971 ) work i s of t en

mis-ci t ed as"1970 t he t i t l epage dat e . S imi l arly , t he Hooker 8

Arnot t (1836) work i s of t en mi s-ci t ed as"1841 but pages 193 - 288

were act ual ly i s s ued in 1836 . The Jacq u in (1792 ) work is dat ed" 1793

"by Bret schneider (1898) and by Makino (1903) and as

"1789

396 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

1791 or"1797

"by Ot her au t hors .

The Diet rich (1842 ) ref erence is very of t en ci t ed as"1843

incl uding by mysel f in previou s ins t al lment s of t he present seriesbut act ual l y al l of t he vol ume here invol ved was pu bl i s hed betweenDecember 29 and 31 , 1842 .

Hal l ier (1918) dat es t he Mi q uel (1858) ref erence as but

pages 705 - 960 were act ual ly not i s s ued unt i l 1858 . Yamazaki (1966)ci t es t he Hara (1918) ref erence as

The S iebol d (1830) ref erence occurs on a page wi t h t he print ed

number “51 but t hi s i s a t ypographic error (of t en u sed by au t hors )

i t s hou l d read as can be seen pl ainly f rom t he number s of

t he nex t s ucceeding correct ly numbered pages . S iebol d 8 Zuccar ini(1846) mi s t akenly ci t e t he Wi l l denow (1800) ref erence as

"

p.

ins t ead of page 385 .

In 1892 a wr i t er , who s igned himsel f merely as W. W. provided

a descr ipt ion and t wo i l l u s t rat ions of what he cal l ed C . kaemflt he l ine drawing appears t o represent C . japoni cum ((Thunb .I

WSweet

whi l e t he Spl endid f u l l -col or pl at e seems t o represent C . pan2cu2a

t um L .

Pal 8 Kr i shnamurt hi (1967) describe t he l eaves of t he spec ieshere being di scu s sed as inci sed" ; Pét el ot (1953) ref ers t o t hem as

has t ées " and as"hi spides

"on t he upper s u rf ace ; How ref er s t o t hem

as"rough none of t hese s t at ement s is appl icabl e . Baines (1877)

ref ers t o t he s pecies as a Sou t h Amer ican species but , act ual ly ,

i t is Surely an As iat ic speci es . Lam 8 Meeuse (1942 ) descr ibe it as"

a smal l s t raight t ree , m high , t runk 3 m"

, and in a f ew ot her

pl aces in t he l i t erat ure i t is s poken of as a"t ree cert ainly by

error . Pickl es descr ibes i t as a s hru b 9 f t . x 6 in. , bol e wi t h

many s t ems ari s ing f rom t he ground, bark pockmarked , gray-green ,

ou t er bark sof t , inner f ibrou s , pat chy green and yel low; sapwoodcream" again implying t hat t he pl ant i s arborescent . Lev ine re

f er s t o pal e bl ue- pu rpl e f l owers cer t ainly incorrect : perhapshe i s referr ing t o t he f ru i t .

Mi q uel (1865 ) c i t es an unnumbered Pierot col l ect ion f rom nanga

saki " , Japan ; Hal l ier (1918 ) c i t es Zo222ngen 2557 f rom Java , £2622 2

2933 8 2994 and DeVa2cae 8 Tc2j5mann s . n.f rom Cel ebes , Ha222ea

42576 f rom Bas i l an, Ha222e2 4257a f rom Lu zon , P2a2n'6 Co22cc20 2 46

f rom t he Andaman I s l ands , and vaazen 437 f rom S umat ra .

Lam (l 9l 9) cit es Bu2j5mann 74 f rom Java , Heab . 8090 2 . 1163 and

Dad2en 487 f rom S umat ra , and c b. 80902 . 2567 5307 f rom Cel ebes ;Hu (l 938) ci t es wang 78755 79782 f rom Yflnnan, China ; Pét el ot(1953 ) c i t es Po22anc 1132 f romViet nam; and Deb (1961 ) ci t es his no.

299 f romManipu r , I ndia .

Mat er ial of C2cnodcnd2um hacmp5e2 2 has been mi s ident i f ied and

di s t r ibu t ed in some herbar ia as C . beihuneanum Hook . f C . bet hun2

anum Low. C . conda2um Don , C . cond26022um (HoChSt -l A RICh C .

condi flouwn Rox b . , C. Lindl . , C. 61 6191121116 Vent C. 2 1160 41.t unazum Gaert n. . C . 2n2 e2mcd2um Cham. , C . kaempfien2 Fi SCh C . pan

2cw2a2um L C . a,c2e.ric G. Don, and even as Acan2 ha cm2 .

On t he ot her hand. t he E2men 9763 8 14504 , Fanvot t hy Ph222p. Bun.

Sc2 . 786, Ramos 8 Edaho Ph222p. Bun. Se2 . 39076, and Tc2j6mann 8502,

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398 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 6

4911 (B) . MALA YA : Mal acca : Henb. Hanvey 6 .n. [Mal acca , 1816] (OuS ingapore : N. J . Andeaoaon o. h . [ 28 Jan. 1853 ] (51 TAI

WAN: 68868222 45 (N) ; Ka26amada 21952 (Ca Ream 543 (NS ) ;Tanaka g Shimada 10974 (Go) . PHI LI PPINE I SLANDS : Lu zon : Mendoza1518 [ Phi l i p. Nat . Herb . 18525 ] (W Negros : E2men 9763

(Bz Heab . U62 e2 2 6 .n. (N) . GREATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Bawean: Bawa2da 3342 (Bz Cel ebes : Kaadenn 47 (N. N.

S) . 193 (N. Kje22beng 342 (S) ; Pab2hama6 2474 (Bz Rach

mat : . n. [ Vuuren 562 ] (Bz - 20643 , Bz Sm22h 650 (Bz651 (Bz Kava : ..n. (S ) . Sabah : Va2e6 16 (W

Sarawak : P2 Ck2eé 2952 (W S umat ra : Banneme2jen485 (Bz 571 (Bz - 20673 , Bz 3388 (Bz 3756

(Bz 4147 (Bz Daa2en 487 (Bz - 20677 , Bz

Lanz2ng 3536 (Bz Te256mann 2217 H. B. (Bz Van St ee

n2a 3237 (Bz Voagd 1314 (Bz - 20682 , Bz Va2ea 2525

(Ca - 318346 , Ou TALAUD I SLANDS : Karakal ang: Lam 2775

(Bz - 20668 , Bz CULTI VATED: Au s t ria : Heab . Jaaqa2n a . h .

[Macbr ide phot os 34295 ] (F - 976305 -phot o of t ype , Kr - phot o of t ype ,

N - phot o of t ype , V - type , V - i sot ype , V - i sot ype , V - i sotype ) ;Henb. Paa2en6 ch2ag 6 . h . (V) . Brazi l : Anaaj a 8 Ange2y 1328 [ Herb .

FEEMA 12338 ] (Fe) ; Ba22ey 2 8a22eu 238 (Ba , Ld - phot o , N - phot o) ;Canaa2a 480 [ Herb . Cent . Pesq. Fl orest . 5474 ] (Fe ) : 02 22 682 92 2 6 . h .

[ Herb . Ins t . Bot . S . Pau l o 34718 ] (N, Sp) ; Ha26chbach 34848 (SeA . Lat z 588 (L2 ) ; Me22 0 Baaaet o 4386 [ Herb . Jard . Bot . Bel o

Hor iz . 13060 ] (F P2che2 1836 (Sf ) ; Re22z 6874 (WEngl and : Henb . Haa2 . Ang22e. (B) ; Haab. Spaenge2 6 .n.

[ Hort . Kew. ] (B) ; Haab . Ve22ch' 8 Naaaeny o. h . [ Sept . 4 , 1884 ; t ype

of C . 222a62ae] (K) . France : Heab . Ma2 22a6 6 .n. IH 3 Pari s 1842 ](Br ) , Hong Kong: Woo 8 Woo 287 (Mi ) ; C . Wa2gh2 a . h . (WI ndia : Henb . Hoa2 . Bo2 . Ca2 ca22 . 6 .n. (Le , Nu - 864 , Mu - 1153 , T) ;Henb . Maa22a6 a . h . (Br ) ; 00292 a . h . [ H. B. Seramp. ] (Cp,

co, co) : Wa222ch 1798 (B. K , K ) . 1798/A (v) . (B. B.

(B) , 6 .n. (Cp) . Java : Henb . Hoa2 . 802 . 8090 2 .

(Bz - 26384 , Bz (Bz Kul ungsu I sl and : Chang 1672 (Ca Maur i t i u s : Bajea 6 . n. (K , K ) ; Henb .

Hookan 4 . n. ( K ) . Sr i Lanka : Co22ec2on ande2eam2ned 6 . n. [ Roy . Bot .

Gard . 1887] (Pd) ; M02denhe, Ma2denhe , 8 Jayaaaa2ya 28161 (Ld , Pd, W

Mo2denhe, Ma2denhe, Jayaaaa2ya , 8 Sam22hnaanachch2 28172

(W LOCAL I TY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: C022ec2an ande

2enm2ned 6 .n. [ 24t h J une 1802 ] (Pd) . Heab . Pe222-Thoaa2 6

o. h . (P) . MOUNTED I LLUSTRATIONS : Edwards , Bot . Reg. 8 : pl . 649.

1822 (B) ; Fang, Icon. Pl . Omeien. 1 : pl . 69 . 1944 (Ld) ; Neal , InHomol ul u Gard . 271 , f ig. 59e . 1928 (Ld) ; Lodd . , Bot . Cab . 8 : pl .

796 . 1823 (N) ; Pynaert , Rev . Hort . Bel g. 22 : 253 . 1896 (Ld) ; ah iden

t i f 1ed col or pl at e (Ba ) .

CLERODENDRUM KAEMPFERI f . ALBUM (P'ei ) Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 196 .

1985 ; s t at . nov .

Synonymy : C2enodendaan japan2cam var . a26am P'e1 , Mem. Sci . Soc .

Ch1 ha l 144 . 1932 . C2eaodendnam haemp5e2 2 var . a26am (P'ei )

Mol d Phyt ol ogi a l : 167. 1935 .

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enadendnam 399

Bi bl iography : P'ei , Mem. Sci . Soc . China 1 144 . 1932 : Mol d

Phyt ol ogia l : 167 . 1935 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed .

1 , 57 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 131 8 182 . 1949; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t .

4 : 1011 . 1949 ; Mol d Rés umé 169 , 193 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Pat el , F1 . Mel

ghat 269. 1968 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. 1 : 288 8 322 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 .

1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 277 , 313 , 8 538 . 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt o

l ogia 58 : 196 . 1985 .

Thi s formdi f f er s f rom t he typical f ormof t he s pecies in hav ingwhi t e corol l as .

The form i s based on T62ang 2506 f romNort h Gat e , Kochow, Kwangt ung, China , col l ect ed in May , 1929. The col l ect or descr i bes i t as

an under s hru b , t he l eaf - bl ades deep- green above , l ight - green beneat h

and t he corol l as whi t e . Sl oot en f ound what appears t o be t he sameform in Borneo .

A key t o di s t ingu i sh t hi s t axon f romcu l t i vat ed t axa , as s umingt hat i t wi l l event ual ly appear in cu l t ivat ion, wi l l be found underC . be2han2anam Low in t he present ser ies of not es [ 58 : 195C i t at ions : GREATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Kal imant an: S2aa2en 2165 (Bz

CLERODENDRUM KAEMPFERI f . SALMONEUM M0 1d Phyt ol ogia 34 : 18 . 1976 .

Bi bl iography : Pat el , Fl . Mal ghat 269 . 1968 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 34 :

18 8 264 . 1976 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 3D: 419 . 1978 ; Mol d . , Phy

t ol . Mem. 2 : 284 8 538 . 1980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 196 . 1985 .

Thi s f orm di f f er s f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he species in hav ingt he corol l as salmon- pink or rose in col or .

The form i s based on Lanaen 8 Laaaen 34 181 f rom Khun Yuam, Mae

hongson , in nort hern Thai l and , at 600 - 7DOm. al t i t ude , col l ect ed on

Sept ember 5 , 1974 , and depos i t ed in t he Herbar i um Jut l andicum at

Aarhu s Uni vers i t y .

Pat el (1968) ment ions what i s probably t hi s same col or f orm as

growing in Mel ghat , India , where he impl ies t hat i t i s cu l t i vat ed in

gardens"for i t s f l ower s " . A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h i t f rom ot her

cu l t i vat ed t axa in t hi s genu s wi l l be f ound under C . 6e2han2anam Low

in t he present ser ies of not es [ 58 : 195 - l 98] .

C i t at ions : THA I LAND: Lanaan 8 Lanoen 34181 (Ac - t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM KALAOTOENSE H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 307 - 308

[ as 1919 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verben

ac . , ed . 1 , 66 8 90 [ as 1942 .

Synonymy : C2enadendaan ka2a020 enoe H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay .

Arch . 307 . 1919 . C2eaodendnon ka2ao2ot n6e H. J . Lam apud A . W. Hil l ,

Ind . Kew. S u ppl . 6 : 49 . 1926 . C2enodendnan ha2a02en6e H. J . Lam a

pud Fedde 8 Schust J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 47 245 . 1927 .

C2enodendnam ha2aa2otnoe H. J . Lamex Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di st r ib .

Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 66 8 90 . 1942

Bibl iography : H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 307 - 308 8 364 .

1919 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3

95 , 109 , 8 IX. 1921 ; A . W. Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 6 : 49 . 1926 ; Fedde8 Schust J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 47 245 . 1927 ; Mol d . ,

KnownGeogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 66 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 146 , 147 ,

400 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

8 182 . 1946 ; Mol d. , Rés umé 194 , 196 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d. , F i f t hS umm. 1 : 322 (1971 ) and 2 : 867. 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 313 8

533 . 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 61 : 270 . 1986 .

A s hru b , abou t 2 m. t al l ; branches subt et ragonal , appres sedpu beru l ent ; l eaves decu s s at e-oppos it e ; pet iol es 2 cm. l ong, ap

pres sed- pu beru l ent ; l eaf - bl ades subchart aceous , ovat e , lO. 5 - 18 cm.

l ong, cm. wide , apical ly acu t e , marginal ly ent ire , basal lyat t enuat e , pu bescent on bot h s urf aces but especial ly beneat h and on

t he venat ion ; secondar ies 6 or 7 per s ide ; panicl e t erminal , fol i

ose , l 6 - l 7 cm. l ong, 12 - 20 cm. wide , appres sed-pu beru l ent or

pu bescent ; peduncl es absent or t o cm. l ong and appres sed- puberul ent ; bract l et s minu t e , l inear , abou t 2 mm. l ong; pedicel s 7 - 12 mm.

l ong, s l ender , appres sed-pu beru l ent ; calyx abou t 7 mm. long, ex t er

nal ly densely appres s ed- pu bescent , int ernal ly spar sely so , 5- 10 bed ,

t he l obes l anceol at e , 4 mm. l ong; corol l a whi t e , i t s t u be 4 cm.

l ong, S l ender , gl abrou s , t he l obes el l ipt ic , 7 mm. l ong, mm.

wide , dor sal ly pu beru l ent ; s t amens and s t yl e ex sert ed abou t cm.

f rom t he corol l a-mou t h ; s t igma short ly bi f id ; ovary ex t ernal ly gl ab

rou s ; f ru i t not known.

Thi s Species i s based on Doc2e2 6 van Leeuwenr Re2jnuaan 1373 f rom150 m. al t i t ude on Kal ao- Toa I s l and , sou t hwes t of Cel ebes , Indonesia , col l ect ed in ant hes i s on May 6 , 1913 . Lam (1919) remarks t hat"Thi s s pecies i s cl osely al l ied t o C . 2ngaa2am. It has , however ,

much l arger l eaves and i t s calyx and corol l a- l obes are smal l er ,

whi l s t t he corol l a- t u be i s gl abrou s wi t hou t"

.

Not hing i s known t o me of t hi s spec ies beyond what is s t at ed in

i t s meager bi bl iography (above ) .

CLERODENDRUM KALBREVERI J . G. Baker in Thi sel t .- Dyer , Fl . Tr0p. Af r

5 : 295 8 311 [ as C2enodendnon 1900 .

Thi s binomial , prev iou s ly regarded as val id for a di s t inct spe

cies in many of my prev iou s pu bl icat ions , now proves t o be not hingmore t han a synonym of C . v2o2aceam GUrke , which see .

CLERODENDRUM KAMPOTENSE Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t . 4 : 8 [ as C2 22

odendaan 1920 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed .

1 , 59 8 90 . 1942 .

Synonymy : C2enadcndaon hampo2 enae Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t .

4 : 8 . 1920 .

Bi bl iography : Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t . 4 : 8 . 1920 ; A. W.

Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 6 : 49. 1926 ; Fedde 8 Schust . , J u s t s Bot . Jah

resber . 48 (l ) : 497 . 1927 ; Dop in Lecomt e , Fl . Gén. I ndo-chine 4853 8 879 - 880 . 1935 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 ,59 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 136 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d Resume 175 8 450 .

1959; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 300 (1971 ) and 2 : 867. 1971 ; Mol d . , Phy

t ol ogia 31 : 395 . 1975 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 288 , 387, 8 538 . 1980

Mold Phyt ologia 60 : 143 . 1986 .

A branching s hru b ; branches pendent , brown, s t r iat e , f inely pu

bescent ; l eaves decu s s at e- oppos it e ; pet iol es Sl ender , 6 cm. l ong,

pu bescent ; l eaf - bl ades el l ipt ic or el l ipt ic- obl ong t o oval , membranous or subchart aceous , 14 cm. l ong, 6 cm. wide , apical ly s hort -acum

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402 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 6

CLERODENDRUM KATANGENSE DeWil d . , Ann. Mus . Congo Bot . , ser . 4 , l

[ Et ude Fl . Kat ang. ] 120 , pl . 38 [ as czanodandnon ha2a

1903 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 8 , 88 ,

8 94 . 1936 .

Synonymy : C2eaodendaon ha2angen626 DeWi l d . , Ann. Mus . Congo Bot

ser . 4 , l : [ Et ude Fl . Kat ang. ] 120 . 1903 .

Bibl iography : DeWi l d . , Ann. Mus . Congo Bot . , ser . 4 , 1 : [ Et ude F1

Kat ang. ] 120 , pl . 38 . 1 903 ; Frain, Ind. Kew. S uppl . 3 , imp. l , 44 .

1908 ; S t apf , Ind . Land . 2 : 238 . 1930 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb .

68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 48 , 88 , 8 94 . 1936 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist rib .

Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 48 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 1 15 8 182 . 1949 ; Prain,

Ind . Kew. S uppl . 3 , imp. 2 , 44 . 1952 ; Mol d . , Rés umé 141 8 450 . 1959 ;Mol d Resume S uppl . 12 : 5 8 6 . 1965 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 229 8

242 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 219 , 232 , 8 538 .

1980 .

I l l u s t rat ions : DeWi l d. , Ann. Mus . Congo Bot . , ser . 4 , l : [ Et udeF1 . Kat ang. ] pl . 38 . 1903 .

Thi s species is bas ed on Ve2 d2ck 400 f rom t he borders of t he

Mwena , Kat anga , Zaire , col l ect ed in March, 1900 , and depos i t ed in

t he Bru s sel s herbari um.

Col l ect or s have f ound t hi s pl ant in ant hes i s in January and March

and report t he vernacu l ar name ,

"kakope

"

, f or i t . It i s a member of

t he Sect ion Chaanocymaoa Thomas in S u bgenu s Cyc2anema (Hochs t . )Gflrke . Thomas (1936) ci t es only t he t ype col l ect ion.

C i t at ions : ZA I RE: Vend2ck 400 (Br - t ype . Ld -phot o of type . N

phot o Of t ype ) . ANGOLA : Mox ico : Bannaa Machado 125 (Ul ) MOUNTED

I LLUSTRATIONS : DeWil d Ann. Mus . Congo Bot . , ser . 4 , l : [ Et ude Fl .

Kat ang. ] pl . 38 . 1903 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM KAUDERNI Mol d Amer . Journ. Bot . 38 : 326 . 1951 .

Bibl iography : Mol d . , Amer . Journ . Bot . 38 : 326 . 1951 ; Mol d Bi

ol . Abs t r . 26 : 185 . 1952 ; Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. 174 : 154 ,

229 , 230 , 8 268 , f ig. 37 1956 ; Mol d Resume 155 8 450 . 1959 ;G. Tayl or , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 12 : 36 . 1959 ; Mol d . , F i f t h S umm. 1 : 260

(1971 ) and 2 : 867. 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 249 8 538 . 1980 ;Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 57 : 469 (1985 ) and 58 : 189 . 1985 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Mol d. in Humbert , Fl . Madag. 174 : 229, f ig. 37

1956 .

A s hru b or smal l f ores t t ree , t o m. t al l ; branchl et s and

twigs rat her irregu l ar , s l ender , gl abrou s ; nodes not annu l at e ;pr incipal int ernodes rat her regu l ar , 2 - 5 cm. long; l eaves decu ss at e- oppos i t e , borne only on t he twigs ; pet iol es S l ender , 5 - 9 mm.

l ong, ampl iat e in di sci form f as hion at t he base ( in drying) . canal

1cu l at e above and pi l osul ous in t he channel , ot herwi se gl abrou s ;l eaf - bl ades rat her uni formly green on bot h s urf aces or s l ight lyl ight er beneat h , s u bmembranou s or very t hin- chart aceou s , brunnescentin drying, l anceol at e- el l ipt ic or el l ipt ic , 3 - 5 cm. l ong, 1

cm. wide , apical ly varying f romacu t e or obt u se t o rounded or sub

acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire or wit h a s ingl e pair of rounded t eet h

near t he apex , gl abrou s on bot h s urfaces or pi l osul ous on t he midribabove ; midr i b s l ender , f l at above , prominul ent beneat h ; secondar ies

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on C2eaadendnam 403

f il i f orm, 5 - 7 per S ide , arcuat e-ascending, mos t l y f l at or even oh

scure on bot h s ur faces , arcuat ely joined in l oops several mm. f romt he margins ; vein and veinl et ret icu l at ion Obscure or indi scerni bl eon bot h s ur faces ; inf l orescence ax il l ary , cymose , t he cymes u s ual ly2 or 3- f l owered , at t he t ips of t he twigs only ; peduncl es none ;

pedicel s very s l ender , abou t 5 mm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; calyx obconic

campanu l at e , 3 mm. l ong, very minu t ely pu beru l ent or gl abrescent , i t s r im very Short ly 4-dent icu l at e ; corol l a hypocrat er i f orm,

t he t u be very narrowly cyl indric , cm. l ong, ex t ernal lygl abrou s , apical ly Sl ight ly ampl iat e , t he l imb l es s t han 1 cm. wide ;s t amens and pi s t i l ex sert ed l es s t han 1 cm. f rom t he corol l a-mou t h ;f ru i t drupaceou s , crimson- red .

Thi s endemic species is based on an unnumbered W. Kaudern col l ec

t ion f romMaj unga in wes t ern Madagascar , col l ect ed in J u ly , 1912 ,

and depos i t ed in t he S t ockholm herbari um.

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i sh t hi s species f romot her Madagascar t axawil l be found under C . banan2anam Ol iv . in t he present series of

not es [ 58 : 184C it at ions : MADAGAS CAR: KaadeAn 6 .n. [ Cat repe , May 1912 ] (N, S ) ,

a. h . [Maj unga , J u ly 1912 ] (F - phot o of t ype , Ld - phot 0 of t ype , N

phot o of type , S - t ype , Sg -phot o of t ype ) ; G. 0 . Panhea a . h . ( K ) .

CLERODENDRUM KIANGSIENSE Merr . ex Li , Journ . Arnol d Arb . 25 : 426

427 [ as 1944 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . NamesS uppl . 1 : 6 . 1947 .

Synonymy : C2enodendaan k2anga2enaa Merr . ex Li , Journ . Arnol dArb . 25 : 426 . 1944 . C2enadendnan hwango2enoe Merr . ex Mol d

Res ume S uppl . 3 : 30 in syn. 1962 .

Bibl iography : P'ei , Mem. Sci . Soc . China 1 152 . 1932 ; Li ,

Jou rn. Arnol d Arb . 25 : 426 - 427 8 507 . 1944 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Inv .

Names S uppl . 1 : 6 . 1947 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed .

2 , 131 8 182 . 1949 ; E . J . Sal i s b . , Ind . Kew. S u ppl . 11 : 56 . 1953 ;

Mol d Rés umé 169 , 265 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d . , Rés umé S uppl . 3 : 30 .

1962 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 288 8 448 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Mol d

Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 277 8 538 . 1980 .

A s hru b , somet imes arborescent ,- 3 m. t al l ; branchl et s dense

ly brown- pu beru l ent , not l ent icel l at e ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e ;pet iol es 2 cm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; l eaf - bl ades chart aceou s , ovat eobl ong,

- 12 cm. l ong,- 7 cm. wide , apical ly acuminat e , mar

ginal ly ent ire , basa11y s u bt runcat e , sparsely pu beru l ent on bot h

s urfaces ; secondaries 4 - 6 per s ide , Sl ight conspicuou s above , prominent beneat h ; veinl et ret icu l at ion inconspicuou s above , prominul entbeneat h ; inf l orescence cymose- panicu l at e , t o 10 cm. l ong; peduncl es

- 6 cm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; bract s fol iaceou s , obl ong, 8 - 9 mm.

l ong, 3 - 4 mm. wide , apical ly acuminat e , pu beru l ent , scat t eredgl andu lose ; f l ower s more or l es s crowded ; pedicel s l - 2 mm. l ong;

bract l et s l inear , 2 - 3 mm. l ong; calyx campanu l at e , 5~ - 6 mm. l ong,

pu beru l ent , inconspicuou s ly scat t ered-gl andu l ose , t he r im 5- dent at e ;corol l a hypocrat eri form, whi t e or pinki s h , i t s t u be s l ender ,l . 5 cm. l ong, scarcely 1 mm. wide , apical ly scat t ered- pu beru l ent ,

basa11y gl abrou s , t he l obes mos t ly obl ong, 5 - 7 mm. l ong,- 3 mm.

404 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

wide , dor sal l y more or l es s pu beru l ent ; s t amens ex sert ed abou t 1 cm.

f rom t he corol l a-mou t h ; s tyl e ex sert ed abou t 1 cm. ; s t igma 2- l obed,

t he l obes apical ly acu t e .

Thi s s pecies is based on J . L. Gne66222 1554 f rom 400 m. al t i t udebetween Ki t - t han and S ungwu in sou t hern Kiangs i , China , col l ect ed

on J u ly 1 , 1936 , and depos i t ed in t he Arnol d Arboret um herbari um at

Jamaica Pl ain, Mas sachu set t s .

Li (1944 ) comment s t hat "Thi s Species is near C2enadendnan hvang

2ungen6e Hand .-Mazz . , di f f ering in t he more compact ly arranged

f l owers , in t he pu beru l ent and gl andu l ar calyces and bract s , and in

t he absence of l ent icel s . Chang 2021 of Pangyung, Chekiang, ref er

red by C2enodendaon. hwang2angenoe Hand .-Mazz . undou bt ed

ly represent s t he same species .

Col l ect ors have found C . hi angazanae growing in l ight woods , at

115 - 400 m. al t i t ude , in f l ower in J une and J u ly . The corol l as on

t he t ype col l ect ion are said t o have been whi t e whi l e t hose on

t he Ts iang col l ect ion, ci t ed bel ow, were pinki s h"when f resh .

Mat erial of C . k2anga2enae has been mi s ident i f ied and dist ri b

ut ed in some herbar ia as C . kwang2anganae Hand .-Mazz . and as C .

2a2cha2omam Thunb .

C i t at ions : CHI NA : Chekiang: Ch2ng 2021 (Ca K iangs iT62ang 9816 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM KIBWESENSE Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 4 : 48- 49 . 1952 .

Bi bl iography : Mol d Biol . Abs t r . 26 : 1471 . 1952 ; ,ol d . , Phyt o

l ogia 4 : 48- 49 . 1952 ; Mol d . , Resume 144 , 150 , 8 450 . 1959 ; G. Tay

l or , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 12 : 36 . 1959 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 235 8 251

(1971 ) and 2 : 867. 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 225 , 240 , 8 538 .

1980 ; Holmgren 8 al . , Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 441 . 1985 .

A Shru b , t o 3 m. t al l ; branchl et s s l ender , very obscu rely t et ragonal , very l ight ly pu l veru l ent -

pu beru l ent , more densely so on t he

younges t part s ; pr incipal int ernodes 2 - 6 cm. l ong; nodes onlyf aint ly annu l at e or not annu l at e ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e ; pet iol es very S l ender , l - l . 5 cm. l ong, pil ose-

pu bescent wi t h browni s hhair s ; l eaf - bl ades membranou s , somewhat l ight er beneat h , brunnescent

in drying, el l ipt ic , 4 - 6 cm. l ong, l . 5 - 3 cm. wide , apical ly rounded t o a very s l ight apicu l at ion, marginal ly ent ire or s u bent ire ,

basal ly acu t e , rat her densely s hort - pu bescent on bot h s urf aces ; midr ib Sl ender , prominent beneat h ; secondar ies f ew, f i l i form, mos t lyabou t 4 per S ide , di s t ant , arcuat e- ascending, f l at above , verys l ight ly subprominul ous beneat h; veinl et ret icu l at ion abundant butrat her obscure on bot h s u rf aces ; inf l orescence t erminal , panicu l at e ,

cons i s t ing of l or 2 pairs of l at eral and a t erminal cyme ; peduncl ess l ender , obscu rely t et ragonal ,

- 4 cm. l ong, very f inely pu beral ent ; sympodia and inf l orescence- branches very s l ender , of t en s t ramineous , s u lcat e or compres sed , microscopical ly pu beru l ent or gl ab

rescent ; pedicel s f i l i form, abou t 1 mm. l ong, microscopical ly pu berul ent ; calyx campanu l at e , abou t 2 mm. l ong, microscopical ly puberu

l ent or gl abrat e , i t s r im deeply 5- lobed, t he l obes abou t as long as

t he t u be ; corol l a very smal l , abou t 4 mm. l ong; f ru i t ing- calyxbroadly campanu l at e , abou t 3 mm. long and 4 mm. wide , ex t ernal lyminu t ely pu beru l ent , i t s l obes ovat e , erect - spreading, apical ly a

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406 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 6

Penokok , Mount Kinabal u , Sabah , Indones ia . S t apf (1894 ) says of i t

Al l ied t o C . d26pan25022am, Bl ume , C . Gn25622h2anam, C . B. C l arke ,

and C . ca2am22b oam, but di s t inct by t he l ong l eaves ; f rom t he f ir s tal so by t he much l arger calyx , and f rom t he s econd by t he s hort ercorol l a- t u be . C . ab2a62den6 , Niq. , of which I do not know t he type ,

has t he calyx only hal f as l ong, according t o t he descr ipt ion. There

are in t he Herbar i um several cl osely- al l ied species f rom Nort h Borneo , but al l undescr i bed .

Lam (1919) not es t hat"AS S t apf ment ions t hat t hi s Species is al

l ied t o C . d26pa2 25022am, C . ca2am22 06am and C . Ga25622h2anam, it

may be t hat i t had bet t er be brought t o t he s u bsect ion Ax2222620 2a .

But as S t apf s peaks only of a't erminal panicl e

'we prov i sori ly

pl aced i t among t he Pan2ca2n2a . He ci t es only t he t ype col l ect ion,

al t hough wi t hou t def ini t e col l ect or or number .

Col l ect ors have encount ered C2enodendaam h2naba2aen6e in rain

f ores t s oh mount ains wi t h s t eep s l opes , at 1400 - 2300 m. al t i t ude ,

in f l ower in February and May , and in f ru i t in November . Cl emensreport s i t

“not inf req uent l ocal ly

The corol l as are said t o have been whi t e"on Noat ebaam 920.

Mat er ial of t hi s Species has been ident i f ied and di s t ribu t ed in

some herbar ia as"af f . C . penda2262aaam Wal l . On t he ot her hand,

t he G2emen6 10087 8 31262 and Ha222en 2934, di s t r ibu t ed as C. kind

ba2aen6e, act ual ly are C . haema2o2a62am H. Hal l ier , t he l at t er being

t he t ype col l ect ion.

C i t at ions : GREATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Sabah : M. K. G2emen6 50525 (N) ;G2emena 8 C2emen6 49676 (Bz 6 .n. [May 20 ,

’32 ] (Bz

Ld -phot o , N -

phot o) , 6 .n. [Marai Parai , March 27 ,

'33 ] (N) ; Hoot e

60 0m 920 (Sn

CLERODENDRUM KIRKII J . 8 . Baker in Thisel t .-Dyer , F1 . Tr0p. Af r . 5

299 [ as 1900 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68

[ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 73 8 94 . 1936 .

Synonymy : C2eaodendaon h2ak22 J . G. Baker in Thisel t .-Dyer , Fl .

Tr0 p. Af r . 5 : 299 . 1900 .

Bi bl iography : J . G. Baker in Thisel t .-Dyer , F1 . Tr0p. Af r . 5 : 293

8 299 . 1900 ; K . Schum J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 28 495 . 1902 ;Thisel t .

- Dyer , Ind. Kew. S uppl . 2 : 43 . 1904 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot .

Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 41 , 73 , 8 94 . 1936 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr .

Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 51 8 90 . 1942 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d Pl .

Li f e 2 : 66 . 1948 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 120

8 182 . 1949; Mol d . , Rés umé 149 8 450 . 1959 ; Mold . , Rés umé S uppl . 9

3 . 1964 ; Mol d . , F i f t h S umm. l : 249 8 448 (1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ;Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 238 8 538 . 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 59 : 335 .

1986 .

Baker' s or iginal (1900) descr ipt ion of t hi s t axon is : A s hru b 4

f t . h igh , wit h pu bescent branchl et s . Leaves mos t ly t ernat e , s hort lypet iol ed , obl ong, 2 - 3 in. l ong, acu t e or C u spidat e , rounded at t he

base , deeply and irregu l arly crenat e , moderat ely f irm, t hinly pu bescent above , densely pu bescent beneat h . Cymes forming a l ax smal lt erminal panicl e ; pedicel s s hort , pu bescent . Calyx pu bescent ,

in. l ong; t u be campanu l at e ; t eet h ovat e , Short er t han t he t u be .

1986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enodendnam 407

Corol l a whi t e ; t u be cyl indr ical , in. l ong; segment s of t he l imbobovat e , in. l ong. S t amens t hree t imes t he l engt h of t he coral

l a- l obes .

The species is based on an unnumbered K irk col l ect ion f rom t heupper Shire Val l ey , Mal awi , col l ect ed in J u ly of 1861 , and depos i t edin t he Kew herbar ium. Baker (1900) and Thomas (1936) each ci t e onlyt he or iginal col l ect ion , t he l at t er au t hor pl acing t he Species inSect ion M2cnaca2yx Thomas , S u bsect ion Pan2ca2a2a Thomas , of S u bgenu sEac2enodend2 am (Schau . ) Thomas .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s Spec ies f rom ot her A f rican s pec ieswil l be

Sound under C . daaen22 Gurke in t he present ser ies of not es

[ 59 : 335Not hing is known t o me of t hi s species beyond what i s s t at ed in

it s rat her br ief bibl iography (above) .

CLERODENDRUM KISSAKENSE GOrke , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 28 : 304 [ as C2enadendaon 1900 ; B . Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 48 8 94 . 1936 .

Synonymy : C2enadendnan 6266aken6e Gflrke , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 28

304 . 1900 . C2enodendaan h266ak2en6e Gflrke apud K . Schum. , J u s t sBot . Jahresber . 28 (l ) : 496 sphalm. 1902 .

Bibl iography : J . G. Baker in Thisel t .-Dyer , Fl . Trop. Af r . 5

520 . 1900 ; Engl . , Bot . Jahrb , 28 : 466 . 1900 ; GUrke , Engl . Bot .

Jahrb . 28 : 304 . 1900 ; K . Schum. , J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 28 (l ) : 496 .

1902 ; Thisel t .-Dyer , 1nd . Kew. S uppl . 2 : 44 . 1904 ; B. Thomas , Engl .

Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 13 , 17 , 48 , 89 , 8 94 . 1936 ; Mol d

Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 49 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 ,

116 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d Rés umé 144 8 450 . 1959; Gi l l et t , Kew Bu l l .

14 : 342 - 344 . 1960 ; Townsend , Excerpt . Bot . A. 3 : 127 . 1961 ; Mol d

Resume S uppl . 9 : 3 . 1964 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 235 8 448 (1971 ) and2 : 867. 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 225 8 538 . 1980 .

A smal l Shru b , abou t 50 cm. t al l ; s t ems erect , compl et ely gl ab

rou s , basal ly woody ; int ernodes unu s ual ly el ongat e , 6 - 10 cm. l ong;

l eaves cl u s t ered on s hort branches , somewhat f l es hy , nigrescent in

drying, l anceol at e , 4 - 6 cm. l ong, 10 - 15 mm. wide , apical ly s hortacuminat e , marginal ly mos t ly indi s t inct ly and irregu l arly serrat e ,

bas a11y gradual ly narrowed , compl et ely gl abrou s on bot h s urf aces ;inf l orescence t erminal , subspicat e , dense , 8 - 12 cm. l ong, composedof f ew- f l owered vert ici l l at e cymes resembl ing a ment haceou s inf l orescence ; bract s l anceol at e , ses s i l e , 5 - 10 mm. l ong, mos t ly only 1

mm. wide , apical ly acu t e , gl abrou s ; pedicel s 6 - 10 mm. l ong; calyxbroadly campanu l at e , 5 - 6 mm. l ong, gl abrou s , 5- l obed almos t t o t he

midd le , t he l imb obl i q ue , t he l obes semiorbicu l ar , wider t han l ong,

abou t as l ong as t he t u be , wi t h t heir margins overl apping; corol l a

hypocrat eri form, greeni sh-yel l ow, t he upper l ip bl u i s h, t he t u bes l ight ly l onger t han t he calyx , t he l ower l ip cymbi f orm, bear ing on

i t s inner basal port ion a f l at spoonl ike proj ect ion; f i l ament s 1215 mm. l ong, basal ly t oment ose .

Thi s species i s based on 60 222 2 42 f romon l at er i t e on a l ight

t ree- s t eppe at K i s saki [ Ki s iki ] , at 250 m. al t i t ude , Us agara , Tan

ganyika [ Tanzania ] , col l ect ed in ant hes i s on Oct ober 28 , 1898 , and

408 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

depos i t ed i n t he Berl in herbar ium, now des t royed . Gurke (1900)not es t hat "

Diese eigentflml iche Art gehdrt der Sect ion Cyc2anemaan, weicht aber von al l en bi s her bekannt en Art en durch den zu sammengeset zt Ehrenf drmigen Bl dt enst and ab , der ihr einen mehr Labiat en

t l ichen Habi t u s verl eiht .

“

Gurke Baker and Engl er (1900) each ci t e only t he

original col l ect ion, but Thomas (1936) adds S2ah2mann 713. al sof rom Tanganyika . Gil l et t (1 960) comment s t hat i t i s pos s i bly can

spec i f ic wi t h C . w22d22 Mol d . [ now known as C . makanjanam H. Wink

l er ]"but bes t l ef t _§ug judice pending f urt her col l ect ion

Not hing i s known t o me of C2eaadend2 am k266akenae beyond what is

s t at ed in i t s rat her meager bibl iography (above ) .

CLERODENDRUM KISSAKENSE var . ROVUMENSE Gflrke , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 28

304 8 466 [ as C2eaadendaan 1900 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot .

Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 89. 1936 .

Synonymy : C2eaadendnan k266akenoe var . navamenaa Gurke , Engl .

Bot . Jahrb . 28 : 304 8 466. 1900 .

Bi bl iography : GUrke , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 28 : 304 8 466 . 1900 ; B.

Thomas . Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 89 . 1936 ; Mol d. , KnownGeogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 49 8 90 (1942 ) and ed . 2 , 116 8

182 . 1949 ; Mol d Resume 144 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 235

(1971 ) and 2 : 867 . 1971 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 225 8 538 . 1980 .

Thi s var iet y di f f er s f rom t he typical form of t he Species in i t sl arger l eaves and red- v iol et corol l as .

The var iet y i s based on Baaoe 1007 f rom Kwa Mi t ra on t he Rovumar i v er , Tanganyi ka [ Tanzania ] , col l ect ed on February 9 , 1901 , and de

pos i t ed i h t he Berl in herbari um, now des t royed . Thomas (1936) cit est he or iginal col l ect ion and Sch22eben 6050. al so f rom Tanganyika .

Thi s pl ant has been f ound growing in gras s l and , at 260 m. al t i

t ude , f l ower ing in February.

It seems very dou bt f u l i f t he Schl ieben col l ect ion, c i t ed bel ow,

real ly represent t he present t axon, S ince t he col l ect or as sert s t hati t s corol l as were whi t e

"and i t was c i t ed by Thomas (1 936) as what

he cal l ed C . 2ancea2a2am Gurke [ now cal l ed C . 2 e2 na2am var . 2anceo

2a2am (Gurke ) Mol d . , which see ] .

C i t at ions : TANZANI A : Tanganyi ka : ?Sch22eben 5997 (Br , Ld -phot o ,

Mu , N, N - phot o) .

CLERODENDRUM KLEMMEI Elm. , Leaf l . Phi l ip. Bot . 2 : 514 - 515 [ as1908 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Comm. Vern. Names 19 .

1939 .

Synonymy : C2anodandnon k2amme2 Elm. , Leaf l . Phil ip. Bot . 2 : 514 .

1908 .

Bibl iography : Elm. Leaf l . Phil ip. Bot . 2 : 514 - 515 . 1908 ; E. D.

Merr Phi l ip. Journ. Sc i . Bot . 7 : 342 . 1912 ; Prain, Ind . Kew. Sup

pl . 4 , imp. l , 50 . 1913 ; H. Hal l ier , Neded . Rij ks Herb . Leid . 37

75 . 1918 ; H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay. Arch . 309 8 364 . 1919 ; Bakh .

in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Buit enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 73 , 78 , 109 , 8

IX. 192 1 ; E . D. Merr . , Enum. Phi l ip. Fl ow. Pl . 3 : 402 . 1923 ; Mol d

A l ph . Li s t Comm. Vern. Names 19 . 1939 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist rib .

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410 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 6

t o have been whi t e on Henb. Ph222p. Ban. 302 . 48506, Henb. Ph222p.

Fan. Ban 30178, Lahen 5042, We266 4248, and 02222am6 2051 and"whi t e w1 t h bright pink on C2emen6 16256.

Col l ect ors have encount ered t hi s pl ant in secondary fores t s , on

pine ridges wi t h Ad2nandna . al ong roads ides and s t reams , and on dampf ores t ed s l opes and mos sy s ummi t s , at 600 - 1600 m. al t i t ude , in ah

t hes i s f romOct ober t o March, as wel l as in May , and in f ru it f romDecember t o Apr il , as wel l as in Oct ober . Merr i l l (1923) as s ert st hat i t i s endemic t o Luzon, where i t occu r s "

In t hicket s and for

es t s at medi um al t i t udes , ascending t o m.

"and is known t o t he

nat i ves as"l uag He c i t es Cannan PFB 11618, 16603, 8 16618, Can

nan 8 Menn222 PFB 15834 , E2men 8679, K2emme PFB 5684 , McGnegon PBS

20191 , Ram06 PBS 7712 . 7251. 8 27024 , and wood PPB 13059

Elmer mi st akenl refers t o t he drupaceou s f ru i t as a caps u l eBakhu izen (1921 has prov ided a key t o di s t ingu i s h t he I ndones ian

Species of C2enadendnam. as del imi t ed by him. It is reproduced here

in modi f ied form, wi t h t he nomencl at u re somewhat updat ed .

1 . Calyx very s hort ly t oot hed or s u bt runcat e , cupu l i f orm, in f ru i tnever ref l exed , and when mat ure always smal l er t han t he f ru i t .

2 . Leaf - bl ades ovat e or obl ong, basal ly obt u se or abrupt ly and

s hort ly acu t e-acuminat e .

3 . Cymes borne in t he ax i l s of normal l eaves , f orming a l eafyinf l orescence ; s t raggl ing or cl imbing s hru bs C . 2nenme.

3a . Cymes borne in t he ax i l s of bract s , f orming a l eaf l es s t erminal panicl e ; erect s hru bs or smal l t rees .

4 . Panicl es dens e , umbel l i form, many- f l owered ; corol l a- t u be1 cm. l ong; calyx 2 mm. l ong C . aahe2ang22 .

4a . Panicl es l ax ; corol l a- t u be more t han cm. l ong; calyxmore t han mm. l ong.

5 . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly pi l ose ; corol l a abou t 3 cm.

l ong C . m2ndanenae.

5a . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly gl abrou s ; corol l a abou t 6

cm. l ong C . 628mme2 .

2a . Leaf - bl ades obovat e , bas al l y acu t ely at t enu at e .

6 . Corol l a l i ght - bl ue , zygomorphic , t he t u be wide- cyl indr ic , lgt o 2 t imes as l ong as t he calyx ; panicl es el ongat e ; l eaf

bl ades gl abrou s on bot h s urf aces except for t he l arger ve

nat ion C. aanna2um.

6a . Corol l a whi t e or pal e-

yel l ow, act inomorphic , t he t u be s l ehder , many t imes as l ong as t he calyx ; panicl es Short , umbell i f orm; l eaf - bl ades densely pi l ose on bot h

C . 2nc26am.

l a . Calyx d1 st inct ly lobed , u s ual ly t o t he middl e or beyond , when

s t el l at ely spreading or ref l exed du r ing t he f ru i t ing s t age of t en

t orn, mos t ly as l arge or l arger t han t he f ru it .

7 Wel l - dev el oped l eaf - bl ades wides t at or above t he middl e , t he

basal s econdar ies not s t ronger t han t he res t ; l eaf - bl adesbasal ly acuminat e or cuneat e (rarely cordat e ) .

8 . Corol l a dark- red or cr imson; cl imbing Shru bs .

9 . Corol l a- t u be 3 or more t imes as l ong as t he calyx , ex t ernal ly s u bgl abrou s ; calyx smal l , red , 5 mm. l ong or

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enadendnam 411

C . 8p2enden6 .

9a . Corol l a- t ube l es s t han tw1ce as l ong as t he calyx , ex t ernally sof t ly pu bescent ; calyx l arge , whi t e (du r ing ant hes i s ) orpurpl e (in f ru i t ) , l . 5 cm. l ong C . 2hamaonae.

8a . Corol l a whi t e or l ight -yel l ow, rarely f l es h- col or or orange ;

erect s hru bs or smal l t rees .

10 . Corol l a- t u be not over 5 cm. l ong, u s ual ly l es s t han cm.

11 . Corol l a ex t ernal ly gl abrou s C . zanorflozznm.

1 1a . Corol l a ex t ernal ly densely gl andu l ar- pi l ose .

12 . Leaf - bl ades gl abrou s on bot h s ur f aces ; corol l a- l obesuneq ual , obl i q uely spreading.

13 . I nf l orescence pendu l ou s , racemose ; calyx l arge , i h

inf l at ed , ex t ernal ly gl abrou s ; corol l a- t u be l - l . 5 cm.

l ong, l es s t han twice as l ong as t he calyx

13a . I nf l orescence erect , wide- panicu l at e ; calyx smal l ,

ex t ernal ly hairy ; corol l a- t u be 2 - 3 cm. l ong, 2 - 4

t imes as l ong as t he Calyx C . phy22omega .

12a . Leaf - bl ades pu bescent on bot h s urf aces or at l eas t be

neat h ; corol l a- l obes eq ual and s imi l ar , Spreading sub

radial ly when mat ure .

14 . I nf l orescence pendu l ou s , umbel l i f orm or subcapi t at e ,

densely many- f l owered ; corol l a f l es h- col or .e. deézexam.

14a . I nf l orescence erect , l oosely panicu l at e , of t en l eaf y .

15 . Calyx - segment s narrow, l inear or s u bu l at e , ex t endingalmos t t o t he base .

16 . Leaf - bl ades irregu l arly s u bcrenat e- serrat e , api

cal ly obt u se , basal ly abrupt ly and s hort ly acu t eat t enuat e , t he s urf ace rugose ; corol l a- t u be int er

nal ly gl abrou s C . ca2am22 08um.

16a , Leaf - bl ades marginal ly ent ire or irregu l arly and

di s t ant ly dent at e above t he middl e , apical ly s hortacuminat e , basal ly cuneat e , rounded , or Cordat e .

17 . Smal l s hru bs , u s ual ly l es s t han 1 m. t al l ; s t emf i s t u l ar and inhabi t ed by ant s ; l eaf - bl ade s el

l ipt ic or el l ipt ic-obovat e , basal ly broadlyrounded or cordat e , marginal ly ent ire or undul at e- dent icu l at e ; panicl e t hyrsoid ; corol l asbr ight

-yel l ow, t inged wi t h bnev262anam.

17a . Shru bs l - 3 m. t al l ; s t ems not f i s t u l ar ; l eafbl ades obl ong or obovat e , basal ly cuneat e and

obt u se t o rounded ,marginal ly irregu l arly and

di s t ant ly s errat e above t he middl e , rarely sub

ent ire ; corol l a whi t e or pal e-yel l ow

C . d26pan26022am.

15a . Calyx - segment s broadly ovat e or obl ong, apical l y a

cu t e or obt u se , ex t ending only t o t he l engt h

[ rarely , in C . 60n2una2am. almos t t o t he base ] .

18 . Calyx inf l at ed campanu l at e , ex t ernal ly gl abrou s or

s parsely pi l ose ; l eaf - bl ades marginal ly irregu l arly dent at e or rarely s u bent ire .

412 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 6

19. Panicl es t erminal , l eafy bel ow; calyx ex t ernal lygl abrou s , 5-cl ef t t o 8 i t s l engt h ; corol l a- t u be 23 t imes as l ong as t he Calyx ; l eaf - bl ades ovat e or

ovat e-rhomboid , marginal ly irregu l arly and bl unt lyserrat e except at t he apex and base . .C. ph2om2d28 .

19a . Panicl es composed of ax i l l ary cymes , l eafy ; calyxex t ernal ly sparsely pi l ose , Cl ef t almos t t o t he

bas e ; Corol l a- t u be abou t as l ong as t he calyx ;l eaf - bl ades obl ong

- l anceol at e , el l ipt ic or subob

ovat e , marginal ly irregu l arly dent at e or s u bent ireC . 60n2ana2am.

18a . Calyx inf undi bu l ar , ex t ernal ly densely pu beru l ent ;l eaf - bl ades marginal ly ent ire , rarely dent at e .

20 . I nf l orescence t erminal , somet imes l eaf l es s exceptat t he base ; corol l a- t u be l . 5 cm. l ong; l eaf

bl ades basal ly obt u se t o rounded or somet imes sub

cordat e C . ponphgnocal yx.

20a . Inf l orescence composed of cymes in t he ax i l s of

normal l eaves ; corol l a- t u be 4 - 5 cm. l ong; l eaf

bl ades basal ly acu t e- at t enuat e C . 2ngna2um.

10a . Corol l a—t u be more t han 5 cm. l ong, rarely l es s t han 6 cm.

21 . Cymes in t he ax i l s of normal l eaves , l - 5- f l owered ; l eavesin whorl s of 3 - 5 , rarely oppos i t e , 10 or more t imes as l ongas wide C . 2nd2cum.

21a . I nf l orescence t erminal , l eaf l es s ; l eaves always Oppos i t e ,

t he bl ades l es s t han 7 t imes as l ong as wide .

22 . Calyx cl ef t t o t he base , t he l obes narrowly l anceol at e .

23 . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly gl abrou s ; l eaf - bl adesdens ely gl andu l ar- punct u l at e beneat h ; unders hru bs abou t1 m. t al l , wi t h hol l ow cl u b- s haped int ernodes which have2 oppos i t e hol es apical ly C . 5262u2 06am.

23a . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly pu bescent ; l eaf - bl ades not

or only scarcely gl andu l ar- punct u l at e beneat h ; s hru bs or

smal l t rees abou t 5 m. t al l ; int ernodes of t en inf l at ed

but wi t hou t hol es C . n2a2ey2 .

22a . Calyx - l obes not over t he l engt h , t he segment s ovat eor del t oid .

24 . Corol l a ex t ernal ly gl abrou s ; branchl et s wi t hou t di s t inctl ent icel s C . 20ng252onam.

24a . Corol l a ex t ernal ly pu beru l ent ; branchl et s wi t h di s t inctl ight

-col ored l ent icel s .

25 . Calyx ex t ernal ly densely puberul ent .C. quadn22aca2ane.

258 . Calyx ex t ernal ly gl abrou s .

26 . Calyx t u bu l ar , inf l at ed , 2 cm. l ong; l eaf

bl ades gl abrou s on bot h s urf aces C . m2naha66ae.

26a . Calyx campanu l at e , l - l . 5 cm. l ong; l eaf- bl ades pu

berul ent on bot h s ur faces C . cap22a2am.

7a . Wel l devel oped l eaves wides t below t he middl e ; basal secondar iesmuch s t ronger t han t he ot hers ; l eaf - bl ades basal ly obt u se t o

rounded or cordat e .

27 . Corol l a- t u be l O - 12 cm. l ong; calyx ex t ernal ly gl abrou s .

C . ha6 2u2am.

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414 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No. 6

40. Calyx cl ef t beyond t he middl e , u s ual ly almos t t o t he base ,

t he l obed broadly ovat e , dorsal ly sparsely s t rigose pi l ose ,

wi t h many l arge gl ands C . v26 c0 6am.

40a . Cal yx not cl ef t as f ar as t he middl e , t he l obes obl ongl anceol at e , dorsal l y densely hairy but wi t hou t obv iou sgl ands .

41 . Calyx 2 - 2 . 5 cm. l ong; l eaf bl ades marginal ly di s t ant lyserrat e dent at e . C . pnea222 .

4l a . Calyx l es s t han 1 . 5 cm. l ong; l eaf bl ades marginal ly en

t ire .

42 . Corol l a- t u be l es s t han t wice as l ong as t he calyx ; calyxex t ernal ly l ong- pi l ose C . cam2ng2anam.

42a . Corol l a- t u be more t han twice as l ong as t he calyx ;calyx ex t ernal ly s hort - pi lose C . banaanum.

36a . Corol l a- t u be ex t ernal ly gl abrou s or minu t ely and inconspicu

ously pu bescent .

43 . Calyx not or scarcely inci sed as far as t he middl e ; corol l a

mos t ly whit e ,

44 . Calyx t eet h t r iangu l ar acu t e , 2 - 3 mm. longC . banaanam f . 22ndaw2anam.

44a . Calyx - lobes 4 mm. l ong, apical ly l ong acuminat e or cau

C . congaaam.

43a . Calyx inci sed beyond t he middl e ; corol l a orange or red .

45 . Leaf - bl ades hairy beneat h, not s q uamu l ose .

46 . Calyx 3 - 5 mm. l ong, t he l obes narrow, l anceol at e , erect

or appres sed ; corol l a- t u be 5 - 6 t imes as l ong as t he calyx ,i t s l obes 7 - l Omm. l ong, 4 - 5 mm. wide ; buds 3 - 5 mm.

wide ; s t amens 2 cm. long, twice as l ong as t he

corol l a- l obes ; s tyl e 3 -4 cm. l ong buchanan2 .

46a . Calyx 7 - 12 mm. l ong, t he l obes ovat e or del t oid , s preading; corol l a- t u be 3 -4 t imes as l ong as t he calyx , t he

l obes l cm. l ong, t o 10 mm. wide ; buds 7 - 12 mm.

wide ; s t amens 4 - 6 cm. l ong, 3 t imes as l ong as t he

corol l a- l obes ; s tyl e 6 - 7 cm. l ong C . Apec2062662mam.

458 . Leaf - bl ades gl abrou s beneat h except on t he venat ion, densely gl andu l ar-punct u l at e or pel t at e- s q uamu l os e .

47 . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly more or l es s pu bescent or

pu beru l ent ; l eaf - bl ades densely s q uamu l ose beneat h (rarelyminu t ely gl andu l ar ) .

48 . Leaf - bl ades normal ly 3 - 7- l obed ; calyx 2 - 5 mm. l ong,

t he l obes ovat e , l . 5 - 2 mm. l ong, apical ly s u bobt u s e ;corol l a orange , t he t ube 4 - 6 t imes as l ong as t he

calyx . C . pani cula /tum.

48a . Leaf bl ades not l obed ; calyx 5 - 15 mm. l ong, t he l obesobl ong or el l ipt ic , more t han 4 mm. l ong, apical ly a

cu t e ; Corol l a dark- red , i t s t u be l es s t han 4 t imes as

l ong as t he calyx .

49 . Calyx l - l . 5 cm. long; corol l a t o cm. l ong, t he

t ube eq ual ing or s l ight ly l onger t han t he calyxC . japan2cam.

49a . Calyx l es s t han 1 cm. l ong; corol l a t o cm. l ong,

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on C2enadendnam 415

t he t u be twice as l ong as t he calyx C . haempflen2 .

47a . Calyx and corol l a ex t ernal ly gl abrou s ; l eaf bl ades denselypunct u l at e beneat h.

50 . Leaf - bl ades basal ly cordat e- rot und ; calyx l .8 cm. l ong,

3- part i t e ; corol l a- t u be cm. l ong, t he l obes 2

cm. l ong; s t amens 3 - 4 cm. l ong C . he22ae.

50a . Leaf - bl ades basal ly cuneat e or s u bt runcat e ; calyx - l . 7

cm. l ong, 2 - 5- part i t e ; corol l a- t u be l . 4 - 2 cm. l ong, t he

lobes l - l . 5 cm. l ong; s t amens 7 - 9 cm. magn262cam.

Mat er ial of C2enadendnam h2emme2 has been mi s ident i f ied and di S

t ri bu t ed in some herbar ia as C . commen6 0n22 Lam. , C . 2ang2620nam Decaisne . C . qaadnanga2ane Merr . , C . quadn22oca2ane (Bl anca ) Merr . ,

and C . m2ndonenae Merr . On t he ot her hand , t he Ram06 PBS 7251 . dis

t r ibu t ed as t ypical C . k2emme2 . act ual ly i s t he t ype col l ect ion of

i t s var . pabena2amMol d .

C i t at ions : PHI L I PPI NE I SLANDS : Luzon: A22and 6 .n. (OrAhenn '

a C022ec2on, Honh. Ph222p. Fan. Ban. 1881 (N) ; C . F .

Baton 94 1 (Mu P. T. Bannaa, Henb . Ph222p. Fan. Ban. 339 (N) ;M. S . C2emen6 16256 (Ca - 283715 . N) ; 17238 (Ca - 302749 , Gg

17239 (Ca 6 .n. [ Bagu io , Oct . 1927 ] (Ca C06t a2 26 ,

Heno. Ph222p. Fan. Ban. 30178 (Ca H. M. Cannan, Ph222p.

Fan. Ban. 16618 (W Cannan 8 Menn222 , Henb . Ph222p. Fan.

Ban. 15834 (W F . 0 . Dan22ng, Henb . Ph222p. Fan. Ban. 14415

(N) ; E2men 5964 (Bz 8679 (Bz - 19740 - i sot ype , L - i sot ype ,

Ld - i sot ype , Ld - phot o of i sot ype , N - i sot ype , W - 629964 - i sot ype ) ;K2emme, Henb. Ph222p. Fan. Ban. 5684 (N. w Lahen 5042 (W

12322 (Bz R. c. McGnegan,Henb . Ph222p. Ban. 3 02 .

20191 (N, W E. D. Menn222 2338 (N) , 3746 (N) ; M. Bamoa1336 (Bz - 20089. N) . Henb . Ph222p. Ban. $02 . 7712 (N, W

Ph222p. Ban. Sc2 . 27024 (W Ram06 8 Edafio,Henb . Ph222p.

Ban. Se2 . 46831 (Ca - 309329 , N, W Henb . Ph222p. Ban. Se2 .

48506 (Bz - 19736, Ca - 322118 , N, Pd , Pd , S , W Henb .

Ph222p. Ban. Sc2 . 48612 (Ca - 322043 , N) ; Vanavenbengh 1528 (Go . Lu ,

S , Ut - 53621 , Vi , W 2368 (NS ) ; 0628: 4248 (BzR. s. w2222am6 394 (N) , 2051 (N, N) .

CLERODENDRUM KLEMMEI var . PUBERULUM Mold . , Phyt ol ogia 23 : 315 . 1972 .

Bi bl iography : E. D. Merr . , Enum. Phi l ip. Fl ow. Pl . 3 : 402 . 1923 ;Anon. , Biol . Abs t r . 54 1972 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol o

gia 23 : 315 . 1972 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 23 : 291 . 1974 ; Mol d

Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 306 8 538 . 1980 ; Brenan, Ind . Kew. S uppl . 16 : 71 .

1981 ; Holmgren 8 al . , Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 442 . 1985 .

Thi s var iet y di f f ers f rom t he t ypical form of t he Species in hav

ing t he inf lorescences , incl uding t he peduncl es , sympodia , pedicel s ,calyxes du ring ant hes i s , and ou t er s urf ace of t he corol l a- t u bes ,densely pu beru l ent .

The variety is based on Max2ma Ramos , Henb . Ph222p. Ban. $02

7251 f rom t he province of Abra , on t he i s l and of Lu zon, Phi l ipp1ne

I s l ands , col l ect ed in January or February of 1909 , and depos i t edin t he Uni t ed S t at es Nat ional Herbar i um in Was hingt on . The general

appearance of t he inf l orescence is much l ike t hat s een in C . qaadn2

416 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No. 6

2oca2ana (Bl anca) Merr . or C . m2ndonenae Merr . , but t he calyx- l obesare q u i t e di f f erent . Thu s f ar t he variet y is known t o me only f romt he t ype col l ect ion, original ly di s t ri bu t ed and cit ed by Merri l l as

typical C . 628mme2 Elm.

C i t at ions : PHI LI PPINE I SLANDS : Luzon: M. Bamoa, Henb. Ph222p.

Ban. 5 62 . 7251 (N - i sot ype. N -629193 - type )

CLERODENDRUM KWANGTUNGENSE Hand .-Mazz . , Anz . Akad . Wi s s . Wien Mat h.

Nat . 59 : 1 11 [ as 1922 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr .

Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 57 8 90 . 1942 .

Synonymy : C2en0dendnon hwang2unganaa Hand.-Mazz . , Anz . Akad .

Wi s s . Wien Mat h .- Nat . 59 : 111 . 1922 . C2enodendnam kewang2angen6e

Hand .-Mazz . , in herb .

Bibl iography : Hand .-Mazz . , Anz . Akad . Wi s s . Wien Mat h .

- Nat . 59

11 1 . 1922 ; Krau se , J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 59 90 . 1924 ; A . W.

Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 7: 51 . 1929 ; Fedde 8 Schust . , J u s t s Bot . Jah

resber . 53 (l ) : 1072 . 1932 ; P'ei , Mem. Sci . Soc . China 1 125 8

152 - 153 , pl . 28 . 1932 ; Worsdel l , Ind . Lond . S uppl . 1 : 238 . 1941 ;

Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 57 8 90 . 1942 ; Mol d

Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names S uppl . 1 : 6 . 1947 ; Mol d . , Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 4

1011 . 1949 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 131 8

182 . 1949 ; Mol d Resume 169 , 265 , 8 450 . 1959 ; Mol d Rés umé S uppl .

15 : 19. 1967 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 288 , 448 , 8 463 (1971 ) and 2

868 . 1971 ; Al t schu l , Drugs Foods 247. 1973 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

277 , 538 , 8 539 . 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 60 : 181 . 1 986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : P '

ei , Mem. Sci . Soc . China 1 pl . 28 . 1932 .

A woody s hru b , abou t m. t al l ; branches Sl ender , very f inelys t r igi l l ose- t oment el l ous , Sparsely and minu t ely l ent icel l at e ; l eavesdecu s sat e- oppos i t e ; pet iol es t o as l ong as t he l eaf - bl ades ,angu l ar , deeply s u lcat e above , spar sely s t r igi l l ose ; l eaf - bl adesconcol orou s , ovat e , 717 cm. l ong, 2 - 2 t imes narrower t han

l ong, apical ly s u bcaudat e- acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire or here and

t here coarsely spreading s inuat e- dent at e , bas al ly broadly cuneat e or

rounded t o t runcat e and very s l ight ly ex t ended int o t he pet iol e

apex , gl abrou s or s u bgl abrou s on bot h s ur faces except for t he cil i

ol at e margins and t he spars ely s t r igi l l ose midr ib and l arger venat ion ; midr i b prominul ent and f l at t i s h above , prominent beneat h ;

secondar ies 4 or 5 per S ide , t he basal ones very obl i q ue , conf l uentnear t he margins ; v einl et ret icu l at ion l oose ; inf l orescence corymbase , t he dimens ions 9 x l 3 - l 4 x 22 cm. , rat her f l at t i s h , l oose ,

basal ly t r ichot omou s or s hort ly racemose , very f inely s t r igil loset oment el l ous , t he rami f icat ions el ongat e , 3 - 5 t imes dichot omou s ,cum f l or i bus al aribus [ f ide Handel -Mazzet t i ] ; bract s reduced or

t he l ower ones f ol iaceou s and 10 mm. l ong; pedicel s l . 5 - 3 mm. l ong

( in f ru i t t o 14 mm. l ong) , rat her r igid ; f l owers numerou s , f ragrant ;calyx green ,

- 5 mm. l ong and wide , div ided t o or i t s

l engt h, t he l obes ovat e-oblong, herbaceou s , ex t ernal ly sparsely as

perous , t he basal cup in f ru i t el ongat ed t o 4 mm. ; corol l a whi t e ,

ex t ernal ly l oosely gl andu l ar wi t h t he l ower gl ands s hort - s t ipi t at eand t he u pper ones ses s i l e , wi t h a few scat t ered s hort set ae int er

mixed , t he t u be very s l ender , s hort , cm. l ong, t he l obes

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418 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

C i t at ions : CHINA : Chekiang: Banche2 125 (E Ch2ng 2021

(W Kwangt ung: T6a2 785 (N - i sotype) .

CLERODENDRUM LACINIATUM Bal f . f . , Journ. Linn. Soc . Lond . Bot . 16

19 [ as 1877; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Comm. Vern.

Names 5 8 22 . 1939 .

Synonymy : C2en0dendnon 2ac2n2a2um Bal f . f . , Journ. Linn. Soc .

Lond . Bot . 16 : 19 . 1877 .

Bi bl iography : J . G. Baker , Fl . Mauri t . 254 8 255 . 1877 ; Bal f . f

Journ . Linn. Soc . Lond . Bot . 16 : 19 . 1877 ; Bal f . f Phi l . Trans .

Roy . Soc . Land . 168 : pl . 32 . 1879 ; Bai l l . , Dict . Bot . 3 : 418 . 1891 ;Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , 1 : 561 . 1893 ; Gert h

van Wij k , Dict . Pl ant names , imp. l , l : 335 (1911 ) and imp. l , 2 : 176

8 1041 . 1916 ; S t apf , Ind. Land . 2 : 238 . 1930 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s tComm. Vern . Names 5 8 22 . 1939 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verben

ac . , ed . 1 , 53 8 90 . 1942 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 2 : 100 . 1945 ; Mol d

Known Geogr . Di st ri b . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 123 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d Ré

s umé 157 8 450 . 1959 ; Gert h van Wij k , Dict . Pl ant names , imp. 2 , l

335 imp. 2 , 2 : 176 8 1041 imp. 3 , l : 335 and

imp. 3 , 2 : 176 8 1041 . 1971 ; Mol d . , F i f t h S umm. l : 261 (1971 ) and 2

868 . 1971 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 252 8 539. 1980 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia

60 : 186 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Bal f . f Phi l . Trans . Roy. Soc . Land . 168 : pl .

32 . 1879 .

A Shru b or smal l t ree ; branchl et s as hy-

gray , t eret e , apical lyminu t el y pu beru l ent ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e , pet iol at e ; l eaf

bl ades membranou s or membranou s- cor iaceou s , ovat e or ovat e- obl ong

(when adu l t ) t o rhomboid , 5 cm. l ong, apical ly acu t e , marginally ent ire , basal ly cuneat e t o s u bdel t oid , gl abrou s , pal er beneat h ,

t he"

juveni l i bus f i l i f ormi t er t r 1 pinnat ipart i t is , segment i s di s t ant i bus puberul is l igul at is obt usis per f ormas int ermedias in adul t amt ranseunt ibus

"

[ f ide Bal f our ] or bipinnat i f id wi t h di s t ant l ongl igu l at e obt u se s egment s t o in. broad [ f ide Baker ] ; cymesax i l l ary , Short peduncu l at e , f ew f l owered , twice t r i f id [ f ide Bal

fou r ] or t he f l ower s in cl ose t erminal corymbs 5 cm. wide [ f ideBaker ] , Spreading; bract l et s very minu t e ; pedicel s 3 - 6 mm. l ong,

pu beru l ent ; calyx campanu l at e or cu pu l i form, 3 mm. l ong, gl abrou s ,t he r im t runcat e , ent ire or obscurely l obed , f inal ly s preading;corol l a inf undibu l ar , l . 2 - l . 8 cm. l ong, abou t 6 t imes as long as

t he calyx , t he t u be int ernal ly res inou s - papi l l at e , t he l obes obovat e ,

s u beq ual , s hort er t han t he t u be , apical ly obt u se ; f i l ament s s hort lyex sert ed , abou t t wice as l ong as t he corol l a- l imb .

The t ype of t hi s Species , wi t h i t s l eaves so di f f erent in t he

j u veni l e f orm, was col l ect ed by Bal fou r on t he i s l and of Rodriguezin t he Mascarene I s l ands , where is is s aid t o be not uncommon on

t he hi l l s l opes and in t he val l eys according t o Baker (1877) orwidely di s pers ed , accordinq t o Bal fou r The l at t er au t horas sert s t hat C . he2 enaphy22am (Vent . ) R. Br . , of Mauri t i u s , "

is a

near al ly , but di f f ers 16 t he charact er of i t s het erophyl ly and in

t he f l owers " . The vernacu l ar name on t he i s l and for C . 2ac2n2a2umi s boi s cabr i or

"nas ty t ree

". A key , s ugges t ed by Baker

l 986 Mol denke , Not es on czenodendnum 419

t o di s t ingu i s h i t f rom ot her Mascarene and Seychel l es species i sfound under C . he2en0phy22am (Vent . ) R. Br . in t he pres ent series of

not es [ 60 :Not hing is known t o me of t hi s species beyond what i s gi ven in

i t s rat her br ief bibl iography (above ) .

CLERODENDRUM LAEVIFOLIUM Bl ume , Bijdr . Fl . Ned . Ind . 14 : 808 . 1826

[ not C . 2aev25022am Decaisne ,

Synonymy : C2enadendnam e222p22cam Zipp 9X Span. , Linnaea 15

329 . 1841 . C2M 0dendnon 2812 025622 0 11: Bl ume apud D. Diet r Syn. Pl

3 : 616 . 1842 [ not C . 2aev25022am Bakh 1942 , nor H. J . Lam,

C2enodendnan e222p22cam Zipp apud Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. l , l : 561 . 1893 . C2enadendnan d26pan26022am Has s k . apudBakh. in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 109 in

syn. 1921 [ not C2enadendnon du pm gou um Bakh 1938. nor Bl ume .

1855 , nor Kochum. , 1980 , nor C2enadendnam d26pan25022um Bl ume ,

C2enodendnam 2aea25022am Farnswort h , Pharmacog. Ti t l es 5 iv

sphalm. 1970 . C2enadendnon d26pan25022am var . pab262on2am Bakh . , in

herb . C2enadendnan javan2cam L . , in herb . [ not C . javan2camSpreng. , 1825 , nor Wal p. , C2enodendnan 2aev2ga2am Bl ume , in

herb .

Bibl iography : Bl ume , Bijdr . F1 . Ned . Ind . 14 : 808 . 1826 ; Decai sne , Nouv . Ann. Mus . Hi s t . Nat . Par i s 3 : 399 - 400 . 1834 ; S t eud . , Nom.

Bot . Phan. , ed . 2 , 1 : 383 . 1840 ; Span. , Linnaea 15 : 329 . 1841 ; D.

Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 3 : 616 . 1842 ; Has s k . , Cat . Pl . Hort . Bot . Bogor .

Cu l t . Al t . 136 . 1844 ; Wal p. , Repert . Bot . Sys t . 4 : 103 . 1845 ; Schau .

in A . DC. , Prodr . 11 : 674 . 1847 ; Buek , Gen. Spec . Syn. Candol l . 3 :

106 . 1858 ; Niq. , Fl . Ned . Ind . 2 : 872 . 1858 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8

Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 561 . 1893 ; Koord . 8 Val et . , Meded .

Lands Pl ant . Bog. 42 [ Bijdr . Boomsart . Java 212 . 1 900 ; Backer ,

Tropi sche Nat uur 5 : 94 . 1916 ; H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 266 ,363 , 364 , 8 1919 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui

t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 74 , 80 - 81 , 85 , 108 , 109 , 8 IX. 1921 ; E. D. Merr . ,

Uni v . Cal i f . Pu bl . Bot . 15 : 264 . 1 929 ; Corner , Ways ide Trees , ed . 1 ,

pl . 213 1940 ; Meeuse , Bl umea 5 : 74 . 1942 ; Mol d Known Ge

og. Dist rib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 54 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 8 90 . 1942 ;Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , 1 : 561 . 1946 ; Mol d

Al ph. Li s t Ci t . l : 26 2 : 449 and 4 : 1017 , 1232 , 8

1260 . 1949 ; Mol d. , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 124 , 126 ,

138 , 143 - 147 , 8 182 . 1949; Corner , Ways ide Trees , ed . 2 , 695 , 700 ,

8 701 , pl . 13 , f ig. 256 . 1952 ; Mol d . , Biol . Abs t r . 27 : 3121 . 1953 ;Mol d . , Rés umé 159 , 161 , 177 , 179 , 187 , 188 , 190 , 192 , 193 , 196, 197 ,

216 , 450 , 8 451 . 1959 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp.

3 , l : 561 . 1960 ; Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 3 : 19 8 20 4 : 9

and 5 : 6 . 1 962 ; Chan 8 Teo , Chem. Pharm. Bu l l . Tokyo 17 : 1284 - 1286 .

1969 ; Farnswort h , Pharmacog. Ti t l es 5 iv . 1970 ; Wi l l aman 8 Li ,Lloydia 33 , S uppl . 3a : 220 . 1970 ; Farnswort h , Pharmacog. Ti t l es 5 ,

Cumu l . Gen. Ind . 1971 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 267, 271 , 273 , 295 , 300 ,

304 , 322 , 330 , 359 , 449 , 8 463 (1971 ) and 2 : 868 . 1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 28 : 454 (1974 ) and 34 : 265 . 1976 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

259, 270 , 284 , 291 , 295 , 313 , 320 , 349, 8 539 . 1980 ; Mold . in Dassan.

420 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

8 Fosb . , Rev . Handb . Fl . Cey1 . 4 : 440 . 1983 ; Holmgren 8 al . , Ind .

Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 441 . 1985 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol ogia 58 : 183

59 : 325 , 330 , 331 , 481 , 8 482 and 61 : 105 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Corner , Ways ide Trees , ed . 1 , pl . 213 , f ig. 256

(1940) and ed . 2 , pl . 13 , f ig. 256 . 1 952 .

A smal l , S l ender , spindly t ree or t reel et , 3 - 18 m t al l , or a

very l ax and s l ender bu s h , s hru b , or under s hru b , l 4 m. t al l , of t en

al ready f l owering at s l ight ly over a met er in height , when arborescent wi t h a cl ear bol e , 3 m. high , a girt h of 75 cm. , and a

s t em diamet er t o 6 cm. , erect ; s t ems t et ragonal ; ou t er bark smoot hor wi t h checkered cracks , pal e or l ight - green t o whi t i sh , gray , or

yel lowis h- brown; inner bark greeni s h or pal e-greeni s h to yel l owi s h

or grayi s h- brown; sapwood whi t e or whi t i s h t o yel l owi s h ; branchesSpreading and re- branched ; t wigs s l ender , green , s hiny , gl abrou s ;l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e , Spreading, q u ickly wi l t ing, very var iabl ein S ize , t hose on t he u pper s ide of t he twigs being smal l and t hoseon t he under s ide l arge (hence every ot her node bear s a pair of uh

eq ual ly- s ized l eaves ) ; pet iol es very Sl ender , O. 6 - l O cm. l ong, api

cal ly and basal ly swol l en; l eaf - bl ades t hin-membranou s , rat her nar

rowly el l ipt ic or obl ong- l anceol at e ,

- 25 cm. l ong, l . 8 - l l . 5

cm. wide , apical ly l ong-at t enuat e or acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire ,

bas al ly acuminat e , pal e-

green on bot h s ur f aces or pal er only be

neat h , gl abrou s on bot h s u rfaces , Shiny , rat her cr inkl ed ; midr i bvery s l ender ; secondar ies 5 - 7 pair s , very s l ender ; inf l orescencet erminal , erect , panicu l at e ,

- 20 cm. l ong, brachiat e , bas al lyl eafy , t he axes pu rpl e- t inged , t he panicl e- branches "

al l on t he l ow

er side , drooping, of t en reddi s h [ f ide Corner ] ; pedicel s ascending,

green or greeni s h , el ongat e ; bract s of t en red ; calyx campanu l at e ,

red or du l l - reddi s h t o purpl e , somet imes green ou t s ide , v iol et i h

s ide "

[ f ide Corner ] , deeply 5- f id , t he l obes 6 mm. l ong, apical ly

p0 1 nt ed ; corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, whi t e or l ight-yel l ow t o yel l ow,

gl abrou s , t he t u be s l ender , l . 5 cm. l ong, t he l imb 5- part ed ;f il ament s whi t e ; ant her s yel l ow- brown ; s t yl e yel l ow-

green; inf ruc

t escence- axes dark- green t o browni s h ; f ru i t ing-

pedicel s brown ;f ru i t ing- calyx enl arged , f l es hy , Spreading in s t ar- l i ke fas hion,

t o cm. wide , red or cr imson t o red- brown , t u rning dark- red , oc

casional ly whi t e ; f ru i t drupaceou s , gl obose , abou t 1 cm. l ong and

w1de , at f irs t du l l - green or greeni s h , t hen t u rning red or pu rpl e t o

bl ue , f inal ly bl ack or bl acki s h , pendent .

Th 1s s pec ies was based by Bl ume on his unnumbered col l ect ion f romMt . Sal ak , Mt . Gede ,

"et c . Java . His or iginal (1826) descr ipt ion

i s : C . fol i i s opposi t is oblonga- l anceol at is ut r inque acuminat isint egerr imis gl aberr imis , panicul a t erminal i brachiat o , cau l e t et ra

edro (cal i x campanu l at u s prof unde quinquef idus , pu rpu rascens ; f l oresal b id i ) . Cresc it in f rut icet is mont anis Sal ak , Gede , et c . F l oretMart io , et c .

"

Deca i sne (1834 ) modi f ied t hi s descr ipt ion t o C . rami s subt et ra

gonis , l aev ibus , gl abr is ; f ol i is opposi t i s obl onga- l anceol at is ova

t isve bas i et apice acuminat is , int egerr imis gl aberr imisque , subcon

col or ibus , l aet e v ir idibus , pet iol at 1 s ; cymis t erminal ibus brachiat i s f ol i 1 s brev1or ibus ;

"

[ t o be cont inu ed ]

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422 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No

of t he microanat omical f eat ures of t he l eaves of modern gras s es .

The ref erence col l ect ion wi l l prov ide a s t andard of compari son for

ident i fying fos s i l l eaf f ragment s t hat are abundant in Eas t Af rical ake vol ume inc

'

l udes 43 genera represent ing t hreet ribes . Anand2ne22ae, Iaachneae and Pan2ceae The easy vi s ibi l i t y and cl ari t y of t hese many SEM i l l u s t rat ions wi l l prove t o be

a great as s et t o f u t ure s t udies .

THE BI RDS OF THE WETLANDS by James Hancock , 152 pp. , 124 col or

phot o. 8 1 map. Fact s on F i l e Pu bl icat ions , Inc . , New York ,N. Y . 10016 . 1984 .

Choos ing a major wet l and f rom each cont inent t he au t hor- phot ographer- orni t hophi l e , conservat ioni s t REL excel l ence . James Hancock ,

has f l u s hed t hi s book wi t h many of hi s beau t i f u l bird phot ographs ,descr ipt ions and anecdot al t al es . From Nort h America he chooses t heFl or ida Evergl ades , perhaps t he mos t v i s i t ed of t hese areas . FromSou t h Amer ica he choos es t he progres s

“- t hreat ened fores t edges in

nort hern Argent ina . From A f r ica he sel ect s t he Tana Ri ver in Kenyat hat forms a l arge s hal l ow l ake in t he rainy seasons . From A s ia he

cons iders t he Bharat pu r present - day preserve t hat f ormerly was u sedby t he maharaj as and Bri t i s h v iceroys f or t heir game Shoot ing par

t ies . It i s int eres t ing t o not e t he compari sons of t he herons ,spoonbi l l s , et c . of t hese areas . For each of t he pl aces so vi v idlyand hel pf u l ly described f or pot ent ial v i s i t ors Fu rt her Readingsare al so prov ided . How can peopl e t he worl d

‘ s wet and dryl ands ' mos t int el l igent inhabi t ant s keep

"mes s ing t hings up

in s uch a beau t i f u l worl d !Thi s i s a wonderf u l book t o have !

THE WORLD OF S C I ENCE I NDEX edi t ed by Penny Cl ark , 64 pp. , 56 col or

phot o 2 b/w phot o . 8 13 col or chart s . Fact s on F i l e Pu bl icat ions , New York , N. Y . 10016 . 1986 .

Thi s index i s f or t he 25 vol umes in t he Worl d of Sc ience Seriesf or t he Ol der j u veni l e or young adu l t market f or home , school and

pu bl ic l i brar ies . Ent r ie s s uch as Swal low B43 8 51 , Swaz i l and X46,

Swordf i s h C4D, Syncl avier R36 have t he l et t er represent t he proper

one of t he books in t he s eries and t he number ref ers t o t he page(s )wi t hin i t . Thu s acces s t o des ired t opics i s made very easy . The

wide scape of t opics cons idered is al so indicat ed in t hi s sampl el i s t ing. The i l l u s t rat ions are mos t at t ract i ve and t he chart s iht erest 1 ng. Prev iou s recent i s s ues of t he present journal have had

rev iews or ment ions of 13 of t hese vol umes .

l 986 Mol denke , Book rev iews 423

FLORI STI C REGIONS OF THE WORLD by Armen Takht ajan, x x i i 8 522 ppend- page 8 3 f l or i s t ic region maps , Uni ver s i t y of Cal i f orniaPres s , New York , Los Angel es , 8 Berkel ey , Cal i fornia 94720 .

1986 .

How fort unat e f or so many of t he worl d' s Engl i sh- reading but

not Ru s s ian- reading bot ani s t s , bot anical s t udent s , t axonomi s t s ,nat ural i s t - geographers and ecol ogi s t s t hat t hi s book has now been"t rans l at ed by Theodore J . Crovel l o wi t h t he as s i s t ance and col l ab

orat ion of t he au t hor and under t he edi t ors hip of Art hur Cronq u i s tby whom t he t reatment of Nort h Amer ica has been much more det ai l edand enl arged . Mabel Cronq u i s t has been respons i bl e f or t he huge ih

dex ing t ask , a f eat ure of t hi s t rans l at ion and not of t he Ru s s ianoriginal . Wi t h i t s f u l l cl as s i f icat ion and descript ion of f l or i s t ickingdoms , regions and prov inces t here are al so map l ocat ions f or t he

f irs t two and t ex t boundar ies f or t he l as t . Fami l ies wit h t heirspeci f ic genera are l i s t ed and of t en comment ed upon f or each of t he

geographic and geopol i t ical regions , making t hi s s t udy uni q ue , f u l lof informat ion and t heref ore of great val ue t o geography and bot anyschol ars and s t udent s t he worl d over .

THE BAC KGROUND OF ECOLOGY Concept and Theory by Robert P. Mc

Int os h, x i i i 8 383 pp. , Cambridge Uni ver s i ty Pres s , London 8

New York , N. Y . 10022 . 1985 .

Thi s is a highly s ucces s f u l at t empt t o wr i t e a general accountof t he origin, devel opment and current probl ems of

upon t radit ions of nat ural hi s t ory beginning in cl as s ical ant i q u i tybut developed as a science in t he cont ex t of l at e l 9- cent ury bi

ol ogy. nat ural hi s t ory s urveys , and conservat ion. Among t he manyproposed f ounders t he au t hor accept s Charl es Darwin as at t he begin

ning of t he formal science and t hen ment ions several ot hers who havel ed new emphases wi t hin t he f iel d : t he Odums , Bormann, Egl er , Ehr

l ich, Gl eason, Hu t chinson, Sl obodkin, and so many ot hers , al ong wi t h

t heir cont r ibu t ions , but I mi s sed ment ion of Herbert G. Baker wi t h

his ant hecol ogy and i t s emphas i s on pol l inat ion ef f ect s . Ecol ogy

course s t udent s wou l d have t heir horizons broadened by reading t hi sbook j u s t before t he end of t heir cour ses , as wou l d advanced st u

dent s who mi s sed t he reading earl ier ih t heir s t udies .

GEOLOGI CAL FACTORS AND THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS edi t ed by Bruce H.

Ti f fney , vi i i 8 294 pp. , 31 b/w f ig. , 21 maps 8 12 t ab . Yal eUnivers i ty Pres s , 92A Yal e S t at ion, New Haven, Connect icu t06520 . 1985 .

The f irs t paper , by t he edi t or , indicat es and expl ains where pos

s i bl e t he geological f act or s invol ved in t he t rans i t ion f rom pro

karyot e t o karyot e cel l s when t he f ormer invade ei t her or bot h t he

l at t er as commensal s and so es t abl i s hing s t ruct ured cel l s t hat

424 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 6

grouped f or col onies and t i s s ues and t hen moved on t o l and where

t hey devel op neces sar i ly cel l coverings t o check wat er los s and

s upport ing t i s s ue ( in t he absence of wat er ) for ex t ens ion upwards .

Some of t he 8 ot her paper s are in a s imi l ar vein or are abou t earlyDevonian phot ogeography , t he inf l uence of cl imat e on t he evol u t ionof Pennsyl vanian coal - swamp pl ant s (an area wi t h which I have someacq uaint ance ) and wi l df ire . Thi s is an int eres t ing, import ant book

needed in rel evant courses and in col l ege and univers i ty l i braries .

DAWN OF MODERN S C I ENCE From t he Arabs t o Leonardo Da Vinci by

Thomas Gol ds t ein, x v i i 8 297 pp. , 54 b/w f ig. 8 7 maps , Hought on Mi f f l in Company , Bos t on, Mas sachu set t s 01208 . 1980 ,

cl ot hbound 8 1982 , paperbound .

The au t hor i s a t eaching prof es sor and an au t hor i t y on medievalhi s t ory wit h a s ki l l ed ou t l ook on what went on bef ore and af t er in

t erms of cau ses and ef f ect s and in t erms of human t hinking and f eel

ing. The book s t art s wi t h an analyt ical descr ipt ion of t he"idea of

t he eart h in Renai s sance Fl orence fol l owed by i t s"ancient root s

Thi s i s fol l owed by I s l amic inf l uences and t hen t hese by" schol as

t ics , mys t ics and alchemi s t s " set t ing t he s t age f or"t he art and

sci ence in t he Renai s sance t o which modern phi l osophies and scien

t i f ic achievement s have added great medical and ecol ogical advances ,as wel l as t he highly des t ruct ive mechani sms of and for war and

ot her forms of des t ruct ion. An excel l ent f eat ure of t hi s book fort he general int eres t ed reader i s t he chapt er by chapt er col l ect ion

of annot at ed bi bl iographic not es .

CRY OF THE KALAHARI Seven Years in A f rica ‘S Las t Great Wi lder

nes s " by Mark 8 Del ia Owens , ix 8 341 pp. 2 end- page maps,30 b/w 8 48 color phot o . Hought on Mi f f l in Company , Bos t on,

Mas sachu set t s 02108 8 New York , N. Y . 10017 . 1984cl ot hbound 8 1985 paperbound .

Li ke Dr . Jane Goodal l ‘ s In t he Shadow of Man wi t h it s report ofmount ain gor i l l as and recent ly murdered Dr . Dian Fossey

's Gori l l as

in t he Mi s t "

, t hi s book Of f er s f ascinat ing reading abou t wi l dl i f eobserv at ions , espec ial ly of l ions and brown hyenas , of t he mi l ieuof t he ir camp in Decept ion Val l ey , a dry ri ver bas in, of t he foraging and migrat ions of t he herbivores for wat er and f res h greensser iou s ly hampered by modern f encing t o prot ect expanding set t l ers

'

and cat t l e needs . Like t hese ot her au t hors ' works on di f ferent animal s in di f f erent areas of A f r ica , t he Owens ‘ s t udies in scient i f icformat and wi t h many more det ai l s and eval uat ions wil l be of feredfor t heir wel l - deserved Ph.D

's . Then t hey hope t o ret urn t o A f rica

as did Goodal l and Fos sey . Except for occas ional bu s hmen, t he Owenswere t he f i rs t and only human beings encount ered by t he l ocal animal s .

A pr ide of l ions of t en s l ept very near t he Owens ' camp; hyenas of t enand l ei s u rely raided t he s u ppl ies . Hornbil l s of t en l anded on t heirbreakf as t t abl e . In t hi s book , in several c it ies " and s t at ions inA f r ica and el sewhere , t he au t hors have campaigned f or t he preservat ion of t hi s wonderf u l wil dl i fe .

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A ROTIFER EPIPHYTIC ON A GREEN FILAMETOUS ALGA

W afaa s. Abou El—KheirfLa ila E . Mekkey}and Siham A . Al—Qada ibz.

Botany Department , G irls College , Ain Shams Univ. Egypt .

2Botany Department , Girls Faculty of Educat ion,

Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .

INTRODUC TION

Algae are able t o form assoa a t ions w it h a variet y of organisms from

both Plant and Animal K ingdoms (see for example , El- SaadaW i and AbouEl- Kheir, l973; R ichardson, 1981; Abou El- Kheir et a l. l 986a). The plant

associat ed wit h t he alga may be chlorophylous or achlorophyllus. Algal

associat ions with t he lat t er t ype of organisms are t he lichens in which

t he mode of assoa at ion is symb iot ic. Algal associat ion wit h green plant s

varies from epiphyt ism to int racellu lar endophyt ism (see Darwish ,

The green plant associat ed W it h t he alga may be anot her alga (El-Naya l,1931; Abou El- Kheir and Al-Qadaib , a brgophyt e (El- Saadawi and

Abou El-Kheir, 1973; El Saadawi al. , 1986; Abou El- Kheir et al. l986a),or an aquat ic vascular macrophyt e (El-Nayal, l 935; Eminson, 1978; AbouEl-Kheir and ismail, l 986 a ,b and Abou El- Kheir et a l. l986b). Algae also

form associat ions W i t h animals. Thus cert a in sna ils occur closely associat ed

and int ermingled wit h C ladophora (Chlorphyceae) f ilament s in innumerablecount s which drove Mohsen and Bokhary (1969) t o suggest a possible symbiot ic relat ion between t he alga and t he anima ls. Fu rt hermore a numberof species of green algae live as epiphyt es on animals and st ill ot hers

(Chlorella for example lare endophyt ic in t he cells of cert ain prot ozoa (e .

Paramecium), coelent rat es and sponges (B lod , 1973; Go ldman and Horne ,l 983§The mode of associa t ion varies great ly between t he two part ners

in each case of assoa at ion, however, lit t le is known abou t t he exact relat ion

ship between t he two part ners in many of t hese assomat ions (Abou El

Kheir l986a).The main concern in t his paper, howev er, is t o put on record a pecu liar

assoa at ion between an animal and a f ilamentou s a lga in wat ers collect ed

from Egypt (Mekkey, 19814) and Sa udi Arabia (A l-Qadaib , As far

as t he au t hors are aware t his is t he f irst record of an animal epiphyt ic

on an alga.

MATERIAL AND HABITAT DESCRIPTION

The mat erial consist s of t hree samples; one collect ed from Egypt

and two from Saudi Arabia . The t hree samples cont ained f ilament ou salgae of which one t ype of f i lament s was relat ively but prominent ly largert han t he other t ypes of f i lament s. Scores of an animal (a met azoan) wereseen at tached only t o t his t ype of large a lga l filament s in t he t hree samples.

Less numbers of t his microscopic met azoan were seen free in t he wat er.

The large algal f ilament s ha ve b een det ermined as belonging to species

of t he genus Ent eromorpha; namely 12. f lex uosa (Wu lt en ex Roth) J . Agardh

in t he Egypt ian sample (Fig. l ), _E_. compressa Grev . in t he f irst Sa udi425

426 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

Arabian sample and E . ramulosa (Engl. Bot .) Hooker in t he second Saudi

Arabian sample. Ent eromorphas are t halloid U lvaceae t hat are essent iallymarine , but some occur in fresh-wat er (Frit sch , The t hree Ent ero

morphas recorded here are at t ached marine forms capable of exist ingin a rat her wide range of salinit ies.

The animal epiphyt e (Fig. l ) was kindly ident ified by Dr. Magdi Tawiiek

(Zoology Dept . , Ain Shams Uni v .) as a species of t he genus Filinia or

of t he genu s Pedet es. Both belong t o t he Rot ifera which includes over1800 spp. (Goldman and Horne , Most rot ifers occur in freshwat ers,but some occur in saline wat ers. Most rot ifers at t ach t o solid subst rat eswit h t heir foot and creep in leechlike fashion (Goldman and Horne ,

Descript ion of t he habit at s in which t hese organisms exist , est imat ionof nu t rient s present in t he wat er samples and other details are givenin t he two follow ing t ables.

Tab le 1. Habit at det ails: dat e of collect ion, sample no. , kind and sourceof wat er, localit y, and algal f lora recorded in t he t hree samples.

Da t e of collect ion 10.2 . 198li

Sample ref . no.

K ind of wa t er Brackish Brackish

Source of wat er An irrigat ion

st ream in a plant

nursery

Localit y Kharj C ity, Khobar C ity,

near R iyadh , near Dammam,

53m” ” at“ Saudi Arabia

No. of f ilament ou sforms ot her t han

Ent eromorpha 5 blu e-greens 12 blue-greensl greens

S t at e of occu rrence

Predominant Common Common

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428 P H Y T O L O G I A VO1 . 61 , N0 . 7

REFERENCES

Abou El- Kheir, W .S. and Al Qada ib , S.A. , l 986.Not es on the algal f lora of

Saudi Arabia : 0 17 new records (in preparat ion).and Ismail, G .H . , 19863 . Not es on the aq uat ic habit at s

of macrohydrophyt es and associat ed algae in various regions

in Egypt . 1. El—Fayum region. Phyt ologia- 082 .

of macrohydrOphyt es and associat ed algae “in various regions

in Egypt . 3. Governorat es of G iza , Cairo, Qa lyubia and Sharkia .

Univ . Coll. for G irls, Ann. Rev. (accept ed).El-Saadawi, W .E . and Darwish , M .H . , l 986a .

A peculiar a lgal-moss assoa at ion from El-Giza , Egypt . Arab

G u lf J . Scient . Res.- 75.

Hammouda , M .A . , and Ismail, G .H . , l986b . Not es

on t he aqua t ic habitat s of macrohydrophyt es and assoc1at ed algae

in various regions in Egypt . 2 . Ismailia canal and nearby wat er

bodies from Cario t o Ismailia city. Ain Shams Sci . Bu ll. 28.

(accept edLAl-Qadaib , S.A . , 1986. S t udies on t he dist rib u t ion of t he alga l f lora in

dif ferent regions of Saudi Arabia and it s relat ion W it h some env ironment al fact ors, M .Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Educat ion for G irls, R iyadh,Saudi Arab ia.

Bold, H .C 1973. Morphology of plant s. Harper and Row , New York , 668p.

Darwish, M .H . , 1984. S t udies on algae and mosses occurring together in

t heir nat ural habit at s, M .Sc. Thesis, Univ . of A in Shams, Ca iro ,

EgymEl- Saddawi, W .E . , and Abou El- Kheir, W .S., 1973. On some Egypt ian mosses

and t he a lga l f lora in t heir habitat s. Proceedings of t he Egypt ian

Academy of Sciences, - 136.

Abou El- Kheir, W .S., and Darwish, M .H . , 1986.

Microgoma ni lot icum (Del.) L indb . (M usci) wit h corm- like st ern

bases. Phyt ologia ,- 100.

Eminson, D. , 1978. A comparison of diat om epiphyt es, t heir di v ersit y and

densit y, a t tached t o M rio h llum spicat um L . in Norfolk Dykes

and Broads. Phycol. J . , 57.

El- Nayal, A .A ., 1931. An enumerat ion of Egypt ian Chlorphyceae and Cyano

phyceae. Ex t rait de la Rev ue Algologique , 177- 195.

1935 . Egypt ian freshwat er algae . Bu ll. Fac.

Sc. no .la i- 106.

Frit sch , F .E. , 1961 . The st ruct u re and reproduct ion of t he algae . Vol.

1 , Cambridge Univ . Press.

Goldman, C R . and Horne , A .J . , 1983. Limnology. Mc Graw- Hill.

Mekkey, L .E . , 1980. S t udies on t he a lga l f lora of dif ferent wat er sourcesin Egypt . M .Sc. Thesis. Uni v . Coll. For G irls, A in Shams Univ .Egypt

Mohsen, A .F . and 1969. A st udy of dist irbut ion and periodicit yof freshwa t er algae in R iyadh area as rela t ed t o env ironment .

Bu ll. Fac. Sci . , Riyadh Univ . 1:2-2 7.

Prowse , C .A ., 1959. Relat ionship between epiphyt ic a lga l species and

t heir macrophyt e host s. Nat ure , Lond.- 5.

R ichardson, 1981. The b iology of Mosses. Blackwell, Lond. 220p.

NOTES ON SOIL ALGAE IN DIFFERENT REG IONS IN EGYPT

W afaa S. Abou El- Kheir Ph.D. and Laila E . Mekkey M .Sc.

University College for G irls , Ain Shams University.

Abst ract

A st udy on t he a lga l f lora in eight 50 11 samples from Maadi , Barrage ,

Fayum and Heliopolis revealed t he presence of 49 t axa belonging to

BaC illariophyceae , Cyanophyceae , C hlorophyceae and Xant hophyceae.

Mougeot ia Sp., and Va ucheria sessi lis were t he dominant s in t he plant

nursery soils. Osci llat oria bre v is was a common species in t he four localit ies of collect ion. Alt hough t he diat oms had t he largest number of

t axa , yet not a Single t axon was found t o be common.

INTRODUCTION

Soi l a lgae occupy a posi t ion far more import ant t han some ot her

groups of microorganisms. This fact appears clearly from t he ext ensivest udies of algae in various t ypes of $0 11 in dif ferent regions in t he world.

An import ant role in the maint enance of $0 11 fert i lit y is played by algae ,

especially blue-green algae , Since many of t hem are capable of f ix ingatmospheric nit rogen.

The maiorit y of a lga l st udies in Egypt were done on t he a lgal f lora

inhab it ing wat er sources. W hereas lit t le work was done concerning soil

a lgae in t he count ry. The follow ing is a brief reference to t he resu lt sgiv en in earlier publicat ions, that we are aware of , concerning Egypt ian

SO l l algae . El- Naya l (1935) st at ed t hat t errest ria l a lgae are common

on wet soil especially on t he banks of t he N ile and i t s t ribu t aries af t er

t he f lood wat er recedes, and in desert t hey are common in wadies underst ones af t er a shower of rain. He ment ioned t hat t hey include Protosiphon,Vaucheria , O liveria , Bot rydium and some Myxophyceae . He fou nd t hat

Hydrodict yon ret icu lat um and Protosiphon bot ri des were commonin a few samples collect ed from a rice f ield a t G iza . El- Ayouty and

Ayyad (1972 ) described common blu e-green a lgae (22 species) in 50 11

of a f ield in t he Nile Delta and prowded an account of t heir dist ribu t ionin relat ion t o variat ion in 50 11 Charact erist ics. In l97li El- Ayout y and

Ibrahim ga ve f urther not es on Egypt ian soil blue-green algae. As far

as we are aware , t he work of Kobb ia and El- Batanouny (1975) is the

f irst recorded quant it at i ve survey of algal f lora of different soil t ypes

in Egypt . They st udied soil algal f lora in the region of W adi El-Nat run.

They recorded 28 species of Cyanophyceae , 3 of Chlorophyceae and

2 of Bacillariophyceae. They not iced t hat the popu lat ion decreases W it h

the increase in t he salinity and the number of species increases W it h

t he increase in organic mat t er cont ent . They found also that the mostdominant species were Nostoc muscorum and Fischerella musicola .

The aim of t he present st udy is to make some cont ribut ion to the ,

so far, lit t le work already done on soil algae in Egypt .

429

430 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l . N0 . 7

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The samples of st udy were collect ed from four loca li t ies: Maadi,Barrage , Fayum and Heliopolis. The samples were t aken from the su rfaceof di f ferent t ypes of 50 11 as t abu lat ed below

Regiom Source of soilcollec t ion

taken

l 7/ i2/79 Scil su rface of a t rifolium f ield

Soil su rface in a garden

50 11 su rface under a wat er basin 2

$0 11 su rface from pot s in a plant nursery a

pH of 50 11 samples (except for Heliopolis) was measured and variou snu t rient s were est ima t ed (see t able Names of algal t axa exist ingin t he samples are giv en in t able 2 .

Table 1: Va lu es of pH and nu t rient s in t he fou r loca li t ies of collect ion.

Va lu es are given in p.p.m. R Region, M Maadi , B Barrage ,

F Fayum and H Heliopolis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Talbe 2 shows t hat BaC i llariOphyceae is represent ed by 34 t axa ,

Cyanophyceae by 8, Chlorophyceae by 5 and Xant hophyceae by 2 ; makinga t ot a l of 09 t axa in t he loca lit ies under inv est igat ion. From t he samet ab le it is clear t hat species belonging t o the fou r groups of a lgae show

dif ferent dist ribu t ion in t he various loca lit ies. Thu s at Maddi Bot rydium

granula t um is predominant whi le Vaucheria sessilis and Spirogyra sp.

are dominant . A t Heliopolis Va ucheria sessilis and Mougeot ia 5p. are

Oscillat oria brev is is t he only alga met W ith in the four localit ies ,howev er, in dif ferent stat es of occurence: predominant at Heliopolis,

dominant at Maadi and Fayum, and ju st - present a t Barrage.

It is int erest ing to not e here t hat Pennales are the group t o which

belong most of t he recorded dia toms since it is represent ed by 31 t axa ,

whereas t he C ent ra les are represent ed by only 3 namely C Clot ella

ocella t a at Barrage and Melosu a granu lat a and St e hanodiscus a inuli eres

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432 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No . l

Algal taxa

l 2 3 It 5 6 7 8

14 . N . cryptocepha la subsalina H ust .

15. N . verecunda H ust .

16. Nitzschia amphibia acut iuscular Grun.

17. N. apicu lat a (Greg.) Grun18. N. font icola romana (Grun. ) A .C l.

19. N . got landiea

20. N. obt usa scalpelliformis Grun.

2 1. N . sigma clausii (Hant .) Grun.

22 . N . therma lis int ermedia Grun.

23. N. t hermalis minor H ilse2 4. Pinnu laria globiceps genu ina A .C l.

25 . P . inconspicua Ost er.

26. Rhicosphenia curvat a marina Grun.

27. Rhopalodia gibba v ent ricosa (K z. ) G ru n.

28. R . gibberula const rict a A .cl.

29. Surirella abies major30. S . abies minor31 . Synedra u lna biceps Long.

32 . Cyclot ella ocellat a Pant

33. Melosira granu lat a (E .) Ralf .

34. St ephanodiscus apinuligeres Grun.

35 . Chlamydomonas sp.

36. Chlorococcum humicola

37. Oocyst is naegelii

38. Mougeot ia Sp. P p p

39. Spirogyra sp.

40. Chroococcus t urgidusti l . EllipSO idiom st ichococcmdes42 . M icrocoleus cht honoplast es d

li3 Oscillatoria brev is d T d d P P P

M . O . lu t ea cont ort a T

05. O . t enu is d T146. Phormidium ambigu um147. P . inundat urm

Q8. Bot rydi um granulat um

49. Vaucheria sessilis p p

Number of t axa in each sample Hi 5 8 15 8 7 9 7

Number of t axa in each region 14 5 19 20

1987 El - Khe ir Mekkey , Not es on soi l al gae 433

REFERENCES

Abou El- Kheir , W .S . Not e on t he dist rib u t ion of algal f lora in

El- G emaih and El- Kharg, E l- R iyadh , Sa udi Arab ia . Ann. Rev.

Uni v . Coll. for G irls, A in Shams U ni v . No. 9 , 69- 75 .

Abu- Z inada , A .H . and E l- Huseiny, T .M . S easona l Varia t ions of

$0 11 microf lora and t heir act i v it ies in R iyadh region, Sa udi Arab ia :Part 1: A lgae . Bu ll. of Fac. of Sci . , R iyadh Uni v . Vol. 7 , 1- 15 .

A l- MousaW i , A .H .A . and W hit ton, B .A . Inf lu ence of env ironment alfact ors on a lgae in rice- f ie ld soil from Iraq i marshes. Arab . G u lf .

J . Sci . Res. 2 37- 2 53 .

El- Ayout y, E .Y . and Ayyad, M .A . S t udies on blu e-green a lgae

of t he N ile Delt a- Egypt . J . Bo t . : 2 83- 32 1 .

and Ibrahim , A .N . Descript ion of some blu egreen a lgae isola t ed from Egypt ian SO l lS . P ub l. C a iro Univ . Herb .

7 a 8.

El-Nayal , A .A . ( l 935). Egypt ian fresh wat er a lgae . Bu ll . Fac. Sci . 4 ,

1- 146 .

Israelson, G . On some a t t ached Z ygnema les and t heir Signif icance

in classifying st reams. Bot . Not iser, 313- 358.

Kobbia , I.A . and El—Ba t anouny, K .H . St udies on t he algal f lora

of Egypt ian $0 115 . 1: Di f f erent S it es a long a lake in t he salines

of W adi El- Na t run. Pub . Ca iro Uni v . Herb .- 72 .

Ralf , R .D. The Myc0 phyceae of t he marshes of sout hern Delaware.

School of life and Healt h Sciences. Uni v . of Delaware. Newark ,

De laware Chesapeake Science Vol. 18, No . 2 .

THE EFFECT OF SOME HERBICIDES ON W HEAT

By

Maimona Kord and Ahmed Khalil

Facu lty of Science ,Bot any Department , Cairo Universit y

ABSTRACT

An expe riment was init iat ed t o st udy the effect of -D

amine , amet ryne ,amit role, dua l and dalapon on t he prot ein cont ent

of t he wheat and t he number or ears per plant . Results showed

t hat -D amine,

amet ryne , dalapon and amit role increased t he

prot ein cont ent of t he plant . The number of ears significant lyincreased under t he same t rea tment s. Plant s t reat ed with dua l

showed decrease in bot h prot ein cont ent and number of ears.

INTRODUCTION

W heat is the main cereal crop which is used for human consum

pt ion all over t he world. As a resu lt of the vast increasing popula

t ion, part icu larly in t he popu la t ion-densed developing count ries, it s

product ion is becoming progressively short of t he popu lat ion need.

This problem is of major economic impact in Egypt specially in t he

light of insu fficiency of the nat ive whea t product ion for local con

sumpt ion.

Consequent ly an appreciable proport ion,amount ing t o more

t han L .E. ,in free currency per annum of the nat ion

income is devot ed t o wheat import .

E ffort s are t here fore consist ent ly made in order t o increase

t he product ivity of whea t in Egypt . Met hods for improving t he

usua l agricu lt u ral pract ices including fert iliza t ion and irrigat ion havebeen exha ust ed and are no longer becoming effect ive tools for increa

sing grain product ion. The most promising too] now cont ribu t ing t o

increasing product ivity of many crop plant s is the care f u l and proper

applicat ion of any of a variety of herbicides which are used widelynow in agricu lt u re by many methods of applying, but t he foliar

spray is t he most import ant aspect of using it .

There is a considerable lit erat u re on t he effect of - D on

higher plant s as regards t he physiology, ecology and biology of t his

group of plant s when subject ed t o various t reatment of -D. (Lee ,

1972 ; Rensbu rg and Billiers, 1978 a & b; Arkhangel'skii et al. 1982

and several ot hers). All t hese report s revealed that the lower con

cent rat ions of - D may be have as growth regu lat ors, but at higher

concent rat ions it has ant iphot osynt het ic effect s on all t est ed plant s.

The main phyt ot oxic effect s of -D seemed t o be in decrea

sed chlorophyll cont ent (Nadakavuka ren and Mc Cracken, 1977; Mc

Cracken e t al.,

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436 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No .

in oxidizing enzymat ic act ivit ies and IAA by t he herbicide (Ta F u riet al. ,

Dalapon proved t o induce variable effect s on the enzymat icact ivit ies of t reat ed organisms (Volynet s and Pal 'chenko,

The main phyt ot oxic effect of dowpon- M lies in t he inhibit ion

of chlorophyll synt hesis and/or the dist u rbances in phot osyn thesis and

respirat ion processes (Tonecki, 1975a ).

The herbicide caused, as well, a decrease in t he carbohydrat e

and hemicellu lose cont ent s of rhizomes of phragmit es communis

(st onov and Bersonova , 1976a). It increased the tot al nit rogen cont ent

of foliage of Gmodon dactylon (S rinivasan and Sakharam, 1973a ).

The S- t riazines are report ed t o be more efficient in changingthe chemical composit ion of plant and increasing the prot ein cont ent

of whea t grain (Pat il and Kale ,

The aim of the invest iga t ion report ed in this dissert at ion was,t herefore , assessing t he influence of some herbicides as a foliar

spray on growth, prot ein cont ent and yield of wheat plant . It was

hoped tha t a t rea tment might be at t ained,which increases the grain

yield and prot ein cont ent of whea t , cheaply and effect ively.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

T he herbicides used in this experiment were - D amine ame t ryne

amit role,dual and dalapon.

Det ermina t ion of Nit rogen

Nit rogen cont ent of wheat grains at harvest was est imat ed bymicro- kjeldahl 1965) and crude prot ein cont ent worked

ou t .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design

wit h five replicat ions. Plot s were fert ilized with ammonium su lphat eand superphospha t e.

An aq ueous solu t ion cont aining 50 ppm of each of the herbicides

was sprayed just a ft er anthesis, while cont rol plant s were sprayed

wit h wa t er.

Figu re (1) shows t hat t he spray t reatment s of -D amine,

amet ryne ,amit role and dalapon significant ly increase t he prot ein

cont ent of wheat grain over cont rol.

The increase in prot ein cont ent as a resu lt of t reatment with-D has been report ed by many workers (Kedrev and Tjankova ,

l 962; H u ffaker et al. , 1967 and Pat il and Kale, These chemi

cal might have increased t he prot ein cont ent by st imu lat ing t he

pa t hway of prot ein synt hesis.

1987 Kord 8 Khal i l , Ef f ect of some herbicides 437

F igures 2 and 3 show t ha t t rea t ing plant s wit h t he ment ioned

herbicides showed a significant increase in t he number of ears per

plant , except dua l which ca used significant decrease in it .

The e f fect of t he herbicides on t he yield, ca lcu la t ed as t he

weight of 100 grains, followed t he same pat t ern as number of ears

and prot ein cont ent of t he grains.

The increase in grain yield recorded in t he present invest iga t

ion was in agreement wit h t he finding of El- Shaa rawi workingwith ba rley.

Singh e t al. ( 1972 ) also report ed t hat enzyme act ivit ies like

nit rat e reduct ase , glut amicpyruvic t ransaminase ,amylase , phosphoryl

ase and adenosine t riphospha t ase were genera lly st imu la t ed by t riazinet rea tment s. However, det ailed st udies on mechanism of act ion of

t hese herbicides and influence on prot ein synt hesis is needed.

REFERENCES

Ali, A . and F let cher,R . A . Phyt ot oxic act ion of glyphosat e

and amit role on corn seedlings. Canadian J . Bot any, 56

2 196- 2202 .

Jou rnal of Associa t ion of O f ficial Agricu lt u ra lChemist s ed. by W illiam Horwit ze. 48: 40 1.

A rkhangel'skii, N . S. ; Kost rikin, V .M . ; G ruzdev

,L .C . and Luzik, L .V .

Y ielding capacity of different fodde r bee t cu lt ivarsand prot ein and amino acid cont ent in t he root s aft er using

- D as a grow t h regu lat or. Izvest iya: T imiryazevskoiSel ’

skokhozyaist vennoi. Akademii. 2 : 40- 47.

Ashraf,N ° Bha t ia

,R .K . and Sen,

D.N . E f fect of cert ain

weedicides on weeds and cu lt iva t ed crops of indian arid

zone . J . Indian Bor. Soc. 58: 277- 280.

Chu rchill, K . and K lepper, L . E ffect of amet ryne on nit rat e

reduct ase act ivity and nit ra t e cont ent of wheat Pest icides

Biochemist ry and Physiology. 12 : 156- 162 .

El- Shaarawi, A . E ffect s of 2 - chloroet hyl t rimethyl ammoniumchloride on t he growt h of some Egypt ian wheat and barleyvarie t ies. Ph.D. Thesis, Facu lty of Agric. , Cairo University.

Hall,W .G. ; Johnson, S P. and Leinweber, C.L . Aminot riazole.

a new abscission chemical and growt h inhibit or. Texas Agric.

Exp. St a. B u ll. 789.

Hodgson, J.M . and Moore , H .D. St omat a variat ions in Canda

t hist le and response t o herbicides. W eed Sci. 20: 68- 70.

438 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

( waned ; su icié jo iuai uoo unaiO id afimn v

iuoid smoi fi jo i aquinN

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440 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No .

Singh, B M .T .W u and D.K . Salunkhe The use of chemicals

t o increase t he leaf and seed prot eins by cert ain crops.

P1.Fd. Hum. N u t r. 2 : 171 - 184 .

Sq u ires, N.R .W . The au t umn use of aminot riazole for t he

cont rol of Agropyron repens. Conference Unit ed K ing. Asso

ciat ion of Applied Biologist s. 187- 195.

Srinivasan, P.S. and Sakharam,R .J. (1973a ). Effect of dowpon on

nit rogen fract ions of Gflodon dactylon pers. Madras Agric.

J. 60 1751- 1755.

Stonov, L .O. and Bersonova ,K .A. (1976a ). The carbohydrat e cont ent

in reed rhizomes under t he residual effect s of herbicides.

Khimicheskie Sredst v Z ashchity Rast enii. 5; 131- 132.

S uen, Lenoir, J.A . and Ibrahim, R .K . Effect of amitrole oh growth and organic nit rogen met abolism in soybean

cell cult u re. Zeitschrif t fur Pflanzen-physiologie. 93: 31- 43.

S vensson, J.A . G rowt h and yield of cult ivat ed plant s t reat ed

with herbicides. 1. T reatment with aminot riazole. Swedish J.of Agric. Res. 4 : 177- 189.

Ta M . ; Scarpon, L . and Marucchini, C.

S t imu lat ion of t he act ivity of the JAA- oxidising enzymesyst em in lens cu lina ris root s by dalapon and perfluidone. J.Sci. Food - 184 .

Thornt on,M.S. and Charles , A .H. Dalapon resist ance a t an

early seedling st age in L olium perenne. J. of the Brit ich

G rassland Soc. 33: 137- 138.

Tonecki, J. (1975a ). Changes of respirat ion int ensit y and chlorophyll

cont ent in needles of Norway spruce seedlings t reat ed wit h- T and dalapon,

Act a Agrobot anica. 28: 177- 195.

Ugalava ,N.A . and Khubyt iya ,

R .A . E ffect of diu ron and

at razine on some phyt ot oxic react ions of perenial crops.

Agrokhimiya. I : 1 14 - 1 17.

Volynet s, A .F. and Pal 'chenko,L .A . Enzymat ic oxidat ion of

IAA in lupin plant s upon t rea tment with herbicides. Fiziol.

Rast (MOSC ) , 24 : SSS- 559.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF BRAZ IL IAN PHILODENDRON (ARACEAE )

George S . Bun t i ng

Ph i l odendron k au t skyi Bun t . , S p . nov .

He rb a scandens . Ca u l i s cm d i am. in t ernod i i s ad 2 cm l ongi s .

Pe t i o l u s t e re s l9 cm l ongu s cm cra ss u s ( in medio ) , par t e

v agina t a 5— 6 cm l onga a l a a l t e ra cm l a t a . Fo l i orum l amina sub

cor i acea amb i t u l a t e ov a t a v e l cord i f ormi s cm l onga cmi

l a t a ( i n l oco 1 cm s upra b a s im cos t ae ) , ad api cem ob t u s a ab r upt e e t

b rev i t e r acumi na t a , ad b a s im pro f unde corda t a l ob i s pos t i c i s ro t umda t i s s i nu par abo l i co 9 cm l ongo s e junc t i s , adax i a l e n i t ida in t ense

v i r i d i s cos t a conv exa , ab ax i a l e v ix n i t ida , ne r v i s l a t e r a l ib u s I .

u t r inque 4 sub angu l o ca . 55°

ab eun t ibu s , u t e rque cos t u l a in s inupe r l . 5- 2 cm n uda ne r v i s pr i nc ipa l i bu s l a t ere ex t er i ora 2 . In f l o

re scen t i a so l i t a r i a [ spec imi ne an t e an t he s i n ] . Pedu ncu l u s ii cm

l ongu s . Spa t ha cm l onga (qu am spadix cm l ongi ora ) , ex t r aub i qu e v i r id i s , i n t ra v i r idu l a , t ubo pl u s minu sv e f u s i f ormi . F l o

re s pi s t i l l a t i cm l ongi , s t yl o grac i l i ov a r i um gl obo ideum pau

l um s upe ran t i , s t igma t e gl oboso , ov a r i o 8- lo- l ocu l ar i , ovu l i s in

quoqu e l ocu l o - 6 ) b as im v e r s u s cen t ra l i t e r a f f ix i s .

TYPUS : George S . Bun t ing B82— 29 . Domingo s Mar t ins , Espi r i t o

San t o , BRAZ IL , ca . 800 m. Feb r u a ry , 1982 [ Ho l o t ypu s z NY ] . The

spec imen wa s co l l ec t ed by Mr . Rob e r t o Ka u t sky and b rough t t o me in

Ri o de J ane i ro by Mr . L u i z Knud Co r re i a de Ar a u jo ; b o t h gen t l emen

a r e ded i ca t ed pl an t smen .

Al t hough P . k au t skyi c l ea r l y pe r t a i ns t o t he s ubgenu s Ph i l oden

dron , t he ov ary char ac t e r s do no t cor respond we l l t o any o f t h e

sec t ions o f t he genu s a s c i rcumscr i b ed by Kra u se (P f l anzenre i ch[ Engl e r ] . He f t 60 .

Ph i l odendron spi r i t u s- sanc t i Bun t . , S p . nov .

He rb a scandens . Ca u l i s 60 cm v e l u l t r a l ongu s cm d i am. i h

t e rnodi i s b rev 1 s s imi s cm) a t t amen c i ca t r i c i bu s f o l i orum de l ap

sor um ca . cm d i am. Pe t i o l u s ab ax i a l e ro t unda t u s , adax i a l e l a t e

cana l i cu l a t u s , api cem v e r s u s semi t e re s adax 1 a l e pl u s minu sv e conv e

xus , 53 cm l ongu s cm cr a s s u s ( in med i o ) , sord i de l u t eo- v i r id i smu l t i s macu l i s e l l ipt i c i s v i nos i s e t ab ax i a l e v inaceo-

su f f u su s , pe r

10 cm s upe r iore s a t rov inosu s , par t e v agina t a (mi l onga a l i s

och r ace i s . Fo l iorum l amina subcor i acea , pl ana a t t amen margine re

v o l u t o e t v i no so ( 1 mm) , amb i t u l onge t r i angu l ar i s b a s im v er s u s 1 0

b i an t ic i a l iqu an t um repanda , ad api cem acumina t a ( 1 cm) ad b a

s im sagi t t a t a , u squ e 80 cm l onga t rans api cem l oborum pos t i corum 16

cm l a t a , t ran s inse r t ionem pe t i o l i 15 cm l a t a , in med i o l ob i an t i c i

12 cm l a t a ; l ob i pos t i c i ob l ongo— l onge t r i angu l are s u squ e cm

l ongi cm l a t i e t 18 cm l ongi cm l a t i ( in f o l io eodem) S i nul onge t r i angu l ar i 15 cm l ongo se j unc t i ; ab ax i a l e ub ique v inosa ne r

441

442 P H Y T O L O G A Vol . 6l , NO .

F i g . A - IL Ph i l odendron k au t skyi Bun t . A , l ea f and in f l orescence ,

mu ch redu ced ; B , c ro s s-sec t i on o f pe t io l e a t mi dpo int , ca . C ,

pi s t i l , e n l a rged ; D, o v u l es f rom a s ingl e l ocu l e , mu ch en l a rged .

F ig . E spi r i t u s - s anc t i Bu n t . E , l e a f and in f l orescence , mu chredu ced ; F , cros s

-sec t i on o f pe t i o l e a t mi dpo in t , ca . C , pi s

t i l , en l arged ; B , ov u l e s f rom a s i ngl e l ocu l e , mu ch en l a rged .

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NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS . CLXXI X

Harold N. Mol denke

VERBENA PARVULA f . ALBIFLORA Mol d f . nov .

Haec f orma a f orma speciei corol l i s al bi s recedi t .

Thi s f orm di f f er s f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he species in hav ingwhi t e corol l as .

The form i s based on E. Bast ian 36, col l ect ed in s uel o f ranco

arenoso , DH 7. S .- Exp. 30

, area del Cerami t ar , Prov . Cercado"

, at

abou t 1900 met ers al t i t ude , in Tari j a , Bol i v ia , on December 4 ,

1985 , depos i t ed in t he Lundel l Herbar i um at t he Uni ver s i t y of Texas

PAEPALANTHUS AMOENus var . BOLIVIANUS M0 1d . , var . nov .

Haec var iet as a forma t ypica speciei di f f ert inf l orescent i is

paucicapi t ul at i s numerosi s in part e s uper iori Cau l i s di spersi s , no

di s caul ini s prominent e incrassat i s .

Thi s var iet y di f f ers f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he s pecieschief ly in hav ing i t s inf l orescences t erminat ing abbrev iat edbranches al ong t he upper part of t he erect s t em, t he s t ems prominent ly enl arged at t he point s of emergence of t he Short and s l enderbranches , t he branches densely covered wi t h ant ror s e bas al ly ap

pres sed l eaves , t he t erminal umbel s compr i s ing 2 - 4 unicapi t at e

peduncl es , t he Sheat hs abou t 3 cm. l ong, t he peduncl es abou t 20cm. l ong, and t he gl obose many- f l owered heads abou t 1 cm. l ong and

wide .

The var iet y i s based on R. HaaAe 685 f rom Palmar , on a wet

savanna wes t of t he Rio Beni , at 180 met er s al t i t ude , Lu i s i t a ,

130 5'5 , w, in t he prov ince of I t urral de , La Paz , Bol i v ia ,

col l ect ed on Sept ember 2 , 1985 , and depos i t ed in t he Lundel l Herbar i um at t he Uni ver s i t y of Texas , Au s t in .

ON AUREOLEJEUNEA Schus t . and BRACHIOLEJEUNEA

PARAMICOLA Herzog

Rudol f M. Schu s t erCrypt ogami c Labora t oryHadl ey, Mass . 01035

The genu s Aureol e eunea Schus t . was br i e f l y descri bed i n t hi s

j ou rna l (Schu s t er , 197g) and a re v i ew (wi t h i l l u s t ra t i ons ) appeared

recent l y i n Nova Hedwi gi a (Schu s t er , 1986 ; i n press ) . In t hi s l as t

paper one of t he speci es t rea t ed i n some de t a i l i s Aureol e jeunea

paramoens i s Schus t . (cf . Schus t er , 1986 , f i gs . 3 uni que i n t he

genu s i n t he ra t her compressed— t ri gonous per i ant hs whi ch bear acces

sory pl i cae di s t a l l y, so t ha t , on young per i ant hs a t l eas t , t here

are as many as 3 dorsa l , 5 vent ra l , and 2 l a t era l pl i cae (cf . f i g. 3

1 , 4- 7 i n Schus t er ,

In spi t e of t he s t em ana t omy , t ypi ca l l y Pt ychant oi d , and t he di s

t i nct brown col or of Aureo l e Jeunea , i t was shown t ha t t he se t a ana t o

my pl aces t he genu s cl ear l y i n t he Lej euneoi deae . Here i t was s t a t ed

t ha t i t s a f f i ni t i es were mos t nearl y wi t h Ompha l ant hus and Leucol e

jeunea . The of t en checker - board arrangement of ce l l s reca l l s Ompha

l ant hus , as does oi l - body f orm ( 2- 4 granu l ar- bo t ryoi da l or bot ryoi d

a l o i l - bodi es per cel l ) , ye t t he presence of wa l l pigment s and t he

e l onga t ed l ea f l obu l e (wh i ch , i n t u rn , s ugges t s an a f f i ni t y t o Le ucol e jeunea ) sugges t t ha t Aureol eJeunea i s no t par t i cu l ar l y cl ose t o Om

pha l ant hus .

Grads t ei n e t a l . ( 1981 ) gi ve a key t o 5 t axa t hey re f er t o Ompha

l ant hus , i ncl udi ng one speci es , 9. parami co l a (Herz . ) Grads t . , comb .

n . . whi ch was based on Brachi ol e jeunea parami col a Her z . , Hedwigi a 74

95 , f ig. 8a- b , 1934 . Grads t ei n e t a l . charact er i ze t hi s spe

ci es as wi t h a f l a t t ened peri ant h t ha t i s"6 The pl ant

i s f ur t her charact eri zed as"reddi sh- brown t o dark brown , a u t oeci ou s

wi t h 2 i nnova t i ons .

"These f ea t ures , i n my opi ni on , excl ude

Brachi o l e jeunea parami co l a f rom Ompha l ant hus s . s t r .xy0 i l - bodi es of

Aureol e jeunea were descr i bed (Schus t er , 1975 , 1986) as occu rr i ng"2

4 per ce l l , l arge ( l engt h l onger di am. of cel l l umen) , cl ear

l y and t coarse l y bot ryoi da l . The di agnos i s of t he Oi l - bodi es of

Brachiol e jeunea parami col a i n Grads t ei n e t a l . p. 245 ) i s a l

mos t i dent i ca l : oi l - bodi es"2- 4 per l ea f cel l , coarsel y gran

u l ose . Thei r f i gu re ( f i g. shows f i nel y bot ryoi da l oi l - bodi es ,

not s ubs t ant i a l l y di f f erent f rom t hose I descr i bed f or Aureol e junea .

I t i s , a l so , not su bs t ant i a l l y di f f erent f rom wha t i s seen i n Ompha

ha ve seen 1 - 4 l arge , coarse l y granu l ar- bot r i da l Oi l - bodi es (Schust er ,

It i s t here f ore cl ear t ha t

4gerzog ( 1934 ) was f ar of f t he mark5

446 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No .7

i n ascr i b i ng hi s pl an t t o Brachi o l e 1eunea ( sub f am. Pt ychant oi deae ;wi t h homogeneous , mi nu t e , numerou s oi l —bodi es and semi corda t e t r i

gones ; wi t h a very di f f erent s t em ana t omy ; wi t h ent a l hya l i ne papi l

l ae ; wi t h a 16 4 se t a ; cf Schu s t er , Grads t ei n e t a l . ( 1 .

pl aci n g i t i n Ompha l ant hus , are much cl oser , Bu t , i n my opi n

i on , t he pl ant i s cl ea r l y a member of Au reol e s i nce (a ) Om

pha l ant hus does no t secret e wa l l pi gment s b ) Ompha l ant hus ha s a

peri ant h t ha t i s ei t her i nf l a t ed or bl unt l t r igonou s ; (c ) a l l t axaproper l y as s i gned t o Ompha l ant hus ha ve ob l i q ue l y s ubq uadra t e or

shor t - obl ong l obu l es ,wi t h obl i que l y ascendi ng kee l gi v i ng t he

l ea f a hi ghl y di agnos t i c aspect (see , e .g. , Evans , 1907 , p1, 3 : 1- 3)

( d) subf l ora l i nnova t i ons i n Ompha l ant hus are norma l l y 1 , rarel yO or 2 (mi xed i n s i ngl e bract kee l s are unwinged(cf . Evans , l . c . , pl . 7- 8) and ha ve an exceedi ngl y reduced 1 0

bu l e . I concl u ded ( Schu s t er , 1986) t ha t , on t he bas i s of t hese

cr i t er i a"conf u s i on wi t h Ompha l ant hus i s hardl y poss i bl e . Conf u

s i on wi t h Brachi o l e Jeunea i s e v en l ess poss i bl e , a l t hough t he

col or ma y t hrow t he u nwary of f !

On t ha t bas i s , t here f ore , Brachi o l e jeunea parami co l a Herzog i s

t rans f erred t o Aureo l e jeunea Schus t . , as f ol l ows :

Aureo l e j eunea parami col a (Herz . ) Schus t . , comb . n . [ Bas i onymBrachi ol e jeunea parami col a Herzog, Hedwi gi a f i g. 8a- b ,

It seems l i ke l y t ha t A. paramoens i s Schus t . may prove t o be

i dent i ca l. Howe ver , A. parami col a i s descri bed as wi t h a 6- 8—

pl i ca t e

t i ons are needed .

FOOTNOTES

)5/ Indeed , Grads t e i n ( 1985 , p. 18 ) separa t es Ompha l ant hus f rom

Aureol e Jeunea on t he bas i s of t he s t ems i pendu l ou s , l ong and s l en

der , l i t t l e branched . Vent ra l merophyt es 4- 12 ce l l s wi de vs .

creepi ng t o ascendi ng, branchi ng i nf requent or f req uent . Vent ra l

merophyt es ce l l s wide"

( f or Aureo l e jeunea ) . On t hese bases ,

Brachi ol e jeunea pa rami co l a i s , cl ear l y , an Aureo l e Jeunea ! The co

pi ou s branchi ng i n Aureo l e jeunea i s shown i n cl adographs of A. f u l

va Schus t . ( Schu s t er , 1980 , f i g. 659z9- 10 ) and A. paramoens i s

Schus t . ( Schus t er , l . c . , f i g. 659 : l l ) .

QV'

In Schu s t er ( 1963 , p. 56) i t i s keyed ou t wi t h Leucol e jeunea ,

and charact eri zed a s be i ng green .

"

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THE AGATHI S OF ESPI RITU SANTO (ARAUCARI ACEAE, NEN HEBRIDES )

David J . De Laubenf el s

Dept . of GeographySyracu se Univers i tySyracu se , N.Y. 13244

John S i l ba198 w. Hof fman Ave .

Lindenhurs t , N. Y. l l 757

Abs t ract

In October l 986 John S i l ba f inanced a pri vat e bot anicalexpedi t ion t o t he i s land of Espiri t u Santo in conjuct ion wi t hMike N. A s kin of t he Fl ecker Botanic Garden (CA I RNS ) . Specimens of

Agat hi s have been reported f rom t hi s i s land prev iou s ly but have never

been col lect ed before . Mike N. A s kin was not abl e to col lect specimensf rom t he interior of t he i s land due to hos t i l i ty of t he nat ives . He

did however manage to col lect bark , fol iage and male cone sampl esf roma cu l t ivat ed t ree on t he coas t . An analys i s of t hi s col l ect ion

proves t hi s to be a di s t inct species .

It has long been known t hat Agat hi s occurs on t he i s l and of

Espiri t u Santo (Vanuat u ) but col lect ions have only now been achieved .

T . C . Chambers report ed in l 97l having seen t he t rees in l 963 . In l 964

D. J . De Laubenfel s tal ked wi t h J . C . Rou leau in Vi la and he report ed

going to see t hese t rees in order to as ses s t heir commercial possibl it ies . He descri bed t hemas huge in gir t h but rat her short bol es and

t hu s not commercial ly promi s ing. The bark he described as rat her

smoot her t han t hat of.A, obt u sa (Lindl . ) Mas t . f romErromango and

Anei tyum, and he fel t t he Espiri t u Santo Agat hi s was di s t inct .

Chambers described t he t rees as being l arge emergent s . N.N. A skinwas told t hat a t ree was meas ured by ten men hol ding hands around t het runk . T.C. Whi tmore as s umed t he Espiri t u Santo Agat hi s is ident icalwi t h_A, macrophyl la (Lindl . ) Mas t . as is A . obt u sa but reported t heir

locat ion as t he wes t s ide of t he C umberland Penins u l a which appears tobe an error . Hos t i l i ty by t he local nat ives has prevented s t udy of t he

wi ld t rees but John S i l ba s ucceeded in arranging to have N.N. Askincol l ect fert i le material foma t ree brought as a seedl ing to t he coas tin l 967 and now abou t 15 m. t al l and m. in diameter .

A at hi s si l bai De Laubenfel s , sp. nov . S t robi l i mascul i l ineari37-25 x IS mm. part i s s uperi s microsporophyl lorum 2 mm. longi set l at i s apici s gibbo 5-6 lat eri inst ruct is , subt us cos t i s medianu s .

Fol ia lanceolat a non glauca .

Type col lect ion: As kin l 3l 56 (Holotype-NY, I sotypes at GH, US, K ) ,31 Oct . 1986 , S . W. Espiri t u Santo , cu l t ivated near Tasmal um, 35 m.

elevat ion, on coas tal l imes tone .

448

De Laubenf el s Si l ba , Agat his of Espir i t u Sant o

Leaves on young t rees lanceolate , not at al l acuminat e nor

glaucou s . Buds globu l ar , 2 - 3 mm. long x 3 mm. wide , scales obt u se .

J uveni l e leaves du l l l ight green,- l l . 8 cm. long x 2 . l cm.

wide ,spreading s ideways and somewhat forwards , pet iole l . 5- 3 mm.

long. Male s t robi l i cyl indrical , oblong, somewhat broadened on

t he upper hal f , coppery- brown to red- brown, peduncl e -4 mm. long

x - 4 mm. long. Pol l en cones 37- 55 x l S- l B mm. , l inear , wi t h t he

upper expanded part of t he microsporophyl l 2 nnu long and wide

and wi t h a 5- 6 s ided rai sed bos s at t he apical end . Between t he rai sedarea , which crowds agains t t hose of s urrounding microsporophyl l s on

immat ure pol l en cones , and t he pendent pol l en sacks is a broad

unrai sed area wi t h a ri dge along t he center , narrow where two s idesof t he rai sed area meet at i t s upper end and l anceol at e s t art ing as

wide as t he adjacent s ide of t he rai sed area where one of t hoses ides i s locat ed in t he cent er of t he expanded part of t he microsporophyl l . Bark gray on t he s urf ace , t he more weat hered part s nearlywhi t e , s t raw colored int erior and s l ight ly f ibrou s , on young t reeswi t h numerou s s hal low more or les s hori zont al spl i t s . When cut t he

bark yiel ds a pink res in wi t h an aromat ic smel l .

Scat t ered as i solated specimens or smal l popu lat ions invariablyon t he knol l s or ridges above t he Navaka Ri ver sou t h of Namaus at

457- 762 m. . Thi s area is on t he lower sou t hern s lopes of Sant o Peak .

Branches reaching upward at an angl e to t he t runk to produce a broad

nearly f lat crown . Young t rees wi t h a conical shape .

Thi s new species i s mos t closely rel at ed to A; labi l l ardieri Narb .

of New Gu inea whose microsporophyl l s do not have a

-

EF633_UFFET§ed

area behind t he rai sed part which in t hi s lat t er species es sent ial lyforms t he ent ire expanded part of t he microsporophyl l . A at hi smacro h l la al so di f f ers in t hat i t is known t o produce

—gfiTfe_resincopious iy .

I nteres t ingly , M.N. As kin al so col l ect ed specimens of an Agat hi sspecies f roma cu l t ivat ed t ree near Wai lapa , S . Espiri t u Sanfo , near

t he coas t (A s kin l 3l 57 , NY) . The t ree was abou t l om. t al l wi t h twot runks and appeared somewhat s t unt ed . Thi s col lect ion cons i s t s of

j uveni le fol iage samples and bark samples which seem to be typical

of A . macrophyl la . The bark was grayi s h becoming di s t inct ly whi t i sh,

breaking of f i n papery plates and coppery- brown below. Thi s col lect

ion does seem to di f f er somewhat in i t s somewhat curved non- glaucou sleaves and was al so not ed as being a poor producer of whi t e res in .

It seems uncertain whet her t hi s specimen was original ly obt ainedf rom t he int erior of Espiri t u Santo as rumored , or rat her i t seemsmore l i kely t hat i t was t ransplant ed f romanot her i s land in Vanuat us uch as Erromango or Anei tyumwhere typical

.

A:macrophyl la occu rs .

Whi l e M.N. As kin was in Vanuat u he t al ked t o P . E. Nei l of t he

Vanuat u Fores t ry Department in Vi l a abou t t he di s t ribu t ion of

Agat hi s in Vanuat u . Mr . Nei l s t at ed t hat Agat hi s occurs al so on t he

i s l and of Maleku la . If so , specimens have probably not yet been

col l ected f romMaleku la . Thi s cou ld be a range ex t ens ion of t he

nearby_A. si l bai i f rom Espiri t u Santo or pos s ibly yet anot her ent i ty .

P H Y T 0 L 0 G l A

Fig. Type t ree of Agat hi s si l bai

near Tasmal um.

Fig. 2 . Close- up of bar

si l bai De Laub .

Vol . 6l ,No . 7

in cent er (As kin l 3l 56) ,

k and fol iage of type t ree of Agat hi s

(As kin l 3l 56) .

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452 P H Y T 0 L 0 G A Vol . 6l , No .

a 1 2 3 0 4.

Fig. 5 . A at hi s si l bai De Laub . , pol l en cones , port ion of

t he

References

CHAMBERS , T . C . et al , A Col lect ion of Ferns f romEspiri t u Santo ,

New Hebrides , Bri t . Fern Gaz . lO (l 97l ) : 175- l82 .

S I LBA , J . Notes on some Coni fers reported f rom some inacces ibleareas of t he Sou t h Paci f ic , Phyt ologia 60 (l 986) : 497-499 .

NHITMORE, T. C A Monograph of Agat hi s , Pl . Sys t . Evol . 135 (1980)

THE STATUS OF THE GENUS PEYRI SCHIA (GRAMINEAE : POOIDEAE)

Ismae l Hernandez Torr e s and S t ephen D. Koch

Cen t ro de Bot an i ca , Co l egi o de Pos t gradu ados , 56230 Chapingo , Edo °

de Méx i co , MEX ICO

Ab s t ract

Re cen t re sear ch on t he gene r i c de l imi t a t i on o f Peyr i schia and

t he Mex i can a nd Cen t ra l Amer i can speci e s o f Tr i se t um and De schamps ia i s summar i zed and f ou nd t o s uppor t t he u n i on o f Peyr i t schia and

Tr i se t um, wh i ch i s propo sed . The corr ect names u nder Tr i set um a re

Tri set um a l t i j ugum (Fou rn . ) Scr ib n . P . koe ler i oides (Feyr . ) Fou rnJand T . kochi anum I . Hdz . T . , nom. nov . P . pr ingle i (Scr ib n . ) S .D°

Koch ) .

Feyr i t schi a Fou rn . , a sma l l genu s o f Mex i can and Cen t r a l Ame r

i ca n gra s s e s , and t he Mex i can and Cen t r a l Ame r i ca spe ci es o f Des

champs ia Be auv . and Tr i se t um Pe r s . f o rm a group i n wh i ch genera

are di f f i cu l t t o de l imi t be cau s e o f a l a ck o f corr e l a t i on among

char ac t er s (Mcvaugh 1983 , p. 393 Th i s gro up ha s re cen t l y b e en

su b j ect ed t o de t a i l ed s t u dy i n t he hOpe t ha t t he u se o f a l arger

numb er of char act e r s , i nc l u di ng s e ve ra l no t pre v i ou s l y u sed a t t he

gener i c l e ve l in t he t r i b e Aveneae , wou l d cl ar i f y t he s i t u a t i on . The

r e su l t s ar e b r i e f l y s ummar i zed h e re and t he neces sary name change s

are pre sen t ed s o t ha t t he new names can b e u s ed i n cu rr en t f l o r i s t i c

proj ec t s . More de t a i l ed v e rs i ons ha ve been pub l i shed e l sewhe re or

a re i n prepar a t i on ( see L i t er a t u re Ci t ed) o

On t he b a s i s o f 12 morpho l ogi ca l char a ct er s and chr omosome

numbe r , Koch ( 1979 ) showed t ha t t h e Mex i ca n and Cen t r a l Amer i can

speci e s o f Tri se t um and Deschamps ia con s t i t u t e di scr et e groups , and

t ha t Feyr i t schia di f f e rs f rom Tri se t um on l y i n mi nor ch ar act e rs .

Sub s equ ent s t u di es (Hernandez T o 1986) o f spec i e s f or wh i ch ma t er i a l

was pre v i ou s l y u na va i l ab l e or i ncompl e t e h a ve shown t ha t t h ree spe

c i es o f Tr i se t um are l ike De schamps ia wi t h r e spect t o one chara ct er

( so l i d vs . l i qu i d endosperm) t hough t by Koch ( 1979 ) t o b e re l i ab l e .

Howeve r , t he di s t inct i on b e t ween Deschamps ia on one hand , and Tri

se t um and Peyr i t schi a on t he o t her , i s s t i l l c l e ar when a l l char

sot e rs ar e consi dere d .

454 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 7

De spi t e t he l ack o f impor t an t di f f e rence s be tween Peyr i t

schia and Tri se t um, Koch ( 1979 ) di d no t un i t e t hem, pr i ncipa l l y

be cau se l ea f b l ade ana t omy had no t ye t be en s t udi ed . Th i s has now

b ee n done (Hernande z T . No impor t an t d i f f erences were f oundb e t ween t hese gener a , bu t t here were cons i s t en t di f f erences be tween

t hese t wo and Deschampsia .

I t i s t here f ore propo sed t hat Tri se t um and Peyr i t schia be

uni t ed unde r t he o l der name , Tr ise t um. A consequ ence o f t h i s i s

t ha t t he cu r ren t l y u s ed spe ci f i c epi t he t s o f bo t h Peyr i t schia

speci es mu s t b e changed a s pre sen t ed b el ow

Tr i se t um a l t ij ugum (Fou rn . ) Scrib n . , Rhodora 1906 . Graphs

phorum a l t ij ugum Fou rn . , Mex . Pl . 2 : 1 1 1 . 1886 . TYPE : Mex i co ,

Veracru z , i n Mon t e Or i zaben s i , 12 L i ebmann 603 (hol o

t ype : P ; i sot ype :

Aira k e eri oi des Feyr . , L innaea 30 : 5 . 1859 . De schampsia koe

Zeri oidés (Feyr . ) Bent h J . L i nn . Soc . , Bot . , 19 : 96 . 1881 .

Peyr i t schia koe ler ioides (Peyr . ) Fou rn . , Mex . P1 . 1886 .

TYPE : Me xi co , Es t ado de Me x ico , Tol u ca , 8800 f t . , He l ler 3 11 .

Non Tri set um koe l er ioides Bornm. Hack . 1898 .

Tr i se tum kochianum I . He rnandez T . , nomen novum. Deschampsia pr inglei Scr ibn . , Proc . Acad . Na t . Sci . Ph i l ade l ph i a 1891 .

Peyr i t schia pri ngl ei (Scr i bn . ) S .D. Koch , Taxon 28 : 233 . 1979 .

TYPE : Me xi co , Ch ih u ahu a , 7 Oct 1887, Pringle 1 429 (h ol o t ype

USI; i sot ype : MEXU l ) . Non Tr i se t umpr inglei (Scr i bn . ) Hi t chc .

192 7.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The suppor t o f t he Conse jo Naci ona l de Ci enci a

fi‘

Tecnol o i a

(CONACyT ) t o t he f i rs t au t hor i s gr a t e f u IIy a c now e ged .

LITERATURE CITED

Hernande z T I . 1986 . Rev i s i 6n t axonomi ca y anat omi ca de l género

Tr i set um (Grami neae : Poo ideae ) en Mex ico y comparacion anat omi

ca con Deschampsia . M. S . t he s i s , Col egi o de Pos t graduados , Cha

pi nge . Mex i co ,Mex i co .

and E .M. Engl eman . In prep. Ana t omi a de l a lami na f ol ia r

de l géne ro Tr i se t um (Grami neae : Poo ideae ) en Méx i co .

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NOTES ON THE GENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE) . XXX

Harol d N. Mol denke

CLERODENDRUM Bu rm.

Addi t ional emended bi bl iography : Ait . , Hort . Kew. , ed. 1 , 2

364 . l 789 ; Jacq . , Col l ect . Bot . Suppl . l l 7 - l l 9 , pl . 4 , f ig. l ,

pl . 5 , f ig. 1 . l 796 ; D. Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 6l 3 - 6l 6 . 1842 ; A . Rich . in

Sagra , Hi s t . Fi s . Pol i t . Nat . Cu ba l l [ 2 ] [ Fl . Cub . Fanerog. 2 ]l 46 - l 47. l 850 ; Regel , Gart enf l . l l : pl . 353 . l 862 ; Regel ,

Trans . Ru s s . Hort . Soc . l 862 : pl . 79. 1862 ; Hems l . , Biol . Cent .

Amer . 2 : 540 . l 882 ; Fr iedrich, Abh . Geol . Special kart e Preu s s . 4 (3)339 [ l 8l ] , pl . 23 , f i g. 4 , pl . 28 , f ig. l 4 . l 883 ; J . Ramirez , Veg.

Mex . l l o. 1899 ; T . S . Brandeg. , Uni v . Cal i f . Pu bl . Bot . 6 : l 9l .

l 9l 5 ; Br . , Merr . , Yat es , Phi l ip. Journ. Sci . Bot . 12 : 222 240 .

l 917 ; J . G. Baker in Rendl e , Jou rn . Bot . Bri t . 63 : S uppl . 8l . l 925

P. C . S t andl Fiel d Mus . Pu bl . Bot . 3 : 400 . 1930 ; Roys , Tu l ane Uni v .

Mid . Amer . Res . Ser . Pu bl . 2 : [ Et hno- Bot . Maya ] 248 319 . l 931 ;Lundel l , Carnegie Ins t . was h . Pu bl . 478 : 25 , 26 , 75 , l 38 , l 83 , 203 .

l 937 ; Mol d . , Revist . S udam. Bot . 8 : 170 . l 950 ; Roig, Dicc . Bot . Nom.

Vu l g. Cub . 2 : 287 , 496 , 607 , 715 - 7l 6 , 878 , l OOS . l 953 ; Anon. ,

As soc . St ud . Tax . Fl . Af r . Tr0p. Ind. 1954 : 66 . 1955 ; Anon. , Trav .

Lab . Bot . Sys t . Bru x . 16 : 66 . l 955 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. l l : l o3

504 . l 967 ; Thom, Journ. Ecol . 55 : 315 320 . l 967 ; Gi bson , Fiel di

ana Bot . 24 179 192 - 195 , f ig. 36 . 1970 ; A . R. Sm. , Hook .

Icon. Bot . Pl . 37 [ ser . 5 , pl . 1971 ; Anon. , As soc . Et ud .

Tax . Fl . Af r . Tr0 p. Ind . l 97l : 57 . l 972 ; Roul eua , Taxon Ind . l : 92 .

l 972 ; Buck , Bu l l . Torrey Bot . Cl u b l l 3 : Bl . l 986 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia

6l : 378 - 420 . l 986 .

CLERODENDRUM LAEVIFOLIUM Bl umeAddi t ional emended bibl iography : Bakh . in Lam Bakh . , Bu l l .

Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 74 , 80 - 81 , 85 , l o8 , l o9 , VI I I , IX.

l 921 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol ogia 6l : 4l l 4l 9 - 420 . l 986 .

Cont inu ing t he emended descr ipt ion by Decai sne (l 834 ) : calyci bus

f ruct i f eris prof unde 5 f idi s , segment is subdel t oideo l anceol at is

acut is gl aberrimis int rorsum ru bro-

purpurei s ; drupi s l aevibus nigri scalyce brevioribus . . Obs Les éc

‘

hant il l ons incompl et s que J'ai sou s

l es yeu x , me di spensent de f aire pres que uni q uement pour l es f eu i ll es , une descript ion pl u s ét endue . Je rappor t e égal ement avec dou t ecet t e pl ant e au Cl cnodcndnum l acui got ium ci t é par M. Bl ume , parce

qu'el l e paroi t avoir au s s i de l ' analogie avec l e Ci cnodcndnummacao

phyzl umdu meme au t eu r . The specimens he ref ers t o here were ap

parent ly f rom Timor , f romwhich area c [ acuzfiot ium is al so known.

Diet r ich (l 843 ) repeat s Bl ume'5 or iginal descript ion in s l ight

ly abbrev iat ed form. St eudel (l 84o) l i s t s t he spec i es f rom bot h Java and Timor . Spanoghe (l 84l ) c it es it f rom Timor as

”Herb . Timor .

p. 71 and gi ves C . macn0phy££um Bl ume as a pos s i bl e synonym (but Iregard t he l at t er as represent ing C . phyCComega S t eud .

Merr il l (1929) c i t es Etmen 13557 20625 f rom near Sandakan and

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl cnodcndnum 457

Tawao, Borneo, descr i bing t he pl ant as An under s hru b in dry f ores t sand t hicket s near t idewat er , t he calyx red , corol l a yel l owi s h greent o yel l ow. Mal ay Penins u l a , Penang, Sumat ra , and Java ; not prev iously recorded f rom Borneo . The f irst number c i t ed was or iginal lydet ermined by me as Cl cnodcndnon dispani fiot i um Bl ume , a mani f es t er

ror , and t he du pl icat es were so di st r i bu t ed .

"

Corner (l 952 ) l i s t s C . Zacuiflozi um f romWes t ern Mal ays ia , not ingt hat i t i s common t hroughou t Mal aya in v il l ages , open count ry , and

l owl and and mount ain woods t o f t . The shoot s wi l t q u icklywhen pl ucked .

"He di st ingu i shes t he spec ies f romot hers which he

regards as common wayside t rees in t he t ropics as f ol l owsl . Leaf - bl ades vel v et y , heart - s haped ; f l ower s and f ru i t ing-calyx

whi t e vi l l osum.

l a . Leaf - bl ades , f l ower , and f ru i t ing- calyx not as above .

2 . Fl owers and f ru i t s in dense heads t u rned t o t he underside of

t he t wigs or st em . .C. dcgt cxum.

2a . Fl ower s and f ru i t s not as above .

3 . Leaf - bl ades marginal ly ent ire ; corol l as yel l ow, wi t h a l ongt u be ; f ru i t ing-calyx s t ar- l i ke Zacvt fiol ium.

3a . Leaf - bl ades marginal ly dent at e ; corol l as greeni s h-whi t e and

l i l ac ; f ru i t ing- calyx not s t ar acanaxumMeeuse (l 942 ) comment s t hat

“Bakhu1zen van den Br ink mi s int er

pret ed Bl ume‘ s s pecies CC. Cacui goZLum and CC. dispani fiozi um. A

s t udy of Bl ume ' s spec imens in Herb . L .- B. s howed , t hat CC. Zaeviflo

Ci um is a synonym of CC. nut ans Wal l . , a pl ant which occurs in Javaonly in a cu l t i vat ed s t at e , t hough Bl ume apparent ly erroneou s lys t at es , t hat i t occu r s in pr imary fores t s on Mt . Sal ak and Mt . Ged

eh . A s t udy of t he t ype of CC. di épaniflofii um Bl . reveal s , t hat t hi sis Bakhu1 zen van den Br ink

' s 'CZ . Cacvi éofii um

'

. The name CC. di a

paniflofii umwas u sed by Bakhu izen van den Br ink f or a t hird spec ies ,viz . cg, eni aézphon Schau . (which i s ment ioned by him as a synonym) .

I am not prepared t o f ol l ow Meeuse in t hi s radical ly di f f erent in

t erpret at ion. Merr i l l not es t hat t hi s ( species , i . e . C . Cacvt fioti um] never has a nodd ing inf l orescence

"

as does Wal l ich ‘ s C . nut ant ,

[ now known as C . wai l i chi i Merr . J.

Hochreut iner remarks t hat "Koorders et Val et on indiq uent cet t e

pl ant e seu l ement a des al t it udes bas ses et i l s l a considerent commeun arbu s t e , mai s c

'est un vér i t abl e arbre de 8 - l om. a l

'endroi t ou

nou s l 'avons récol t é.

"

Col l ect or s have f ound C . t acvt flot ium growing on hi l l s ides and

hi l l t ops , in pr imary , evergreen , and mont ane f ores t s , in cl ear ingsand recent ly l ogged v irgin f ores t s , al ong s t reams ides and roads ides ,on sandy beaches , at t he margins of evergreen f ores t s , in secondgrowt h in wet pl aces , in j ungl es near t idewat er , on f l at l ands , s t eeps l opes , and grani t ic hi l l s , and in t he dry soi l of woods , at l 8 t o

l 33om. al t i t ude , in f l ower f rom March t o January , in f ru i t f romDct ober t o February and in J une and Ju ly .

The corol l as are descr i bed as hav ing been yel l ow on Eimcn20287, Kal ant aa SAN. 90612 Mahmud 4810 .

and Yat es 1669 1930,AYel

l owi s h" onHochltcwt/énefl 17244 , KM Am Lé SAN. 95818, and Madam S N.

81716,"

pal e-yel l ow"on Kochummcn FRI . 23143 and St one, 10769,

"

y

A

el

458 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

l owish- green on Efimea 20625, FLdLZLA 8 Sumbi ng SAN. 96061 , and Kat o

pt nuo SAN. 95874 , greenish-yel l ow"

on Abba 8 Abbe 10163,"l ight

green pn Geesi nk 8 ai . 7334, whi t i sh on Fi dt i io Z Sumbi ng SAN.

88993, yel l owi s h- red"on Kaiopi nuo SAN. 95906 and Madani SAN. 91691 ,

reddi s h on Kaiopi nuo SAN. 95402 and Lahoan 8 Laaacn 32908, and

t u be very pal e yel l ow- green, pet al s yel l ow- green on Jacobs 9642 .

Geesink and h l S as sociat es ref er t o t he spec ies as a common s hru bin sunny pl aces in Thai l and .

Common and vernacu l ar names report ed f or t he species are"chekop

mani s gaJah“

,

"kajoe haraboe

“kajoe haboe- haboe

"

,

"kajoe si

marhaboe- haboe"kaj oe si marhaboe haboe ki bangbara

"

,

"ki sai

"l ampin budak " , l eukong

“

,

"

pat ah ajam sepang"

, sipang and

swaddl ing f l ower

In regard t o t he homonymou s synonyms ref erred t o in t he synonymy(abov e ) Ci caodendaum diopaai fiot i um Bl ume i s regarded by me as a val

id species (which see ) , wi t h Ci caodcndaon di épaniflofii um Bl ume and

Ci caodcndaon dispaai gofii am Kochum. as synonyms of i t , whi l e C . dio

paaiflol i um Bakh . i s a synonym of C . gaaact t t anum Crai b ; C . jauani cumSpreng. bel ongs in t he synonymy of C . i nadmc (L . ) Gaert n . and C .

jauani cum Wal p. i s a synonymof C . ocanat um (L . ) Moon ; C . Caeui fioti um Bakh . is C . dispaai fiol ium Bl ume , C . Laavi éofii um Decai sne i s C .

Congi fii oaum Decai sne , and C . l acuiflol ium H. J . Lam is C . aul fii chi i

Merr .

It s hou l d be ment ioned t hat Bant t ct t 8195, Bacca 1842, and Toaoao

1433, 2059, 8 2637 are al l accompanied by wood sampl es in t he Uni

vers i t y of Michigan mu seum. Yat es 1930 i s accompanied by a PhOt O'

graph of t he pl ant in s i t u .

The unnumbered Mart ens col l ect ion , ci t ed bel ow, was t aken f rom

mat er ial cu l t ivat ed in Bel gi um f rom seeds sent by Re inwardt f rom Ja

va ,

A key t o hel p d is t ingu i sh C . Zacui goZLum f rom ot her I ndones iant axa wi l l be f ou nd u nder C . kficmmci Elm. in t he present ser ies of

not es [ 6l : 410Mat er ial of C . Laavi éoZi um has been mi s ident i f ied and di st r i bu

t ed i h many herbar ia as C . acumi naxum Wal l C . diapaaiflol ium Bl ume ,

C . di spaai goZLum dent i cul axum Hort C . cai ooiphon Schau . , and

even Sofianaccac. On t he ot her hand , t he Gi bot SAN. 29570, di st r ibu

t ed as C . l acui éozt um,act u al ly is C . baaba- Aefiia H. Hal l ier .

C i t at ions : THA I LAND: Geesi nk, Hat t i nh, 8 Chaaocnphofi 7334 (ALahoan 8 Lahoan 32908 (Ac . Ld) ; Manoot z 72- 15 (Ac ) ; wi nt z 5871

VI ETNAM: Tonk in : Pot at o: 825 (Ca 1260 (CaMALAYA : Kel ant an : Hani

gfl8 Nun 10094 (Bz - 19885 , Ca

Mal acca : Hcauay s . n.1886) (Pd) ; Kiah 37226 (Bz Negr i

Semb il an : Khoo g Mi ng N. K. 002 (Kl Pahang: Beat 14 135 (CaMahmud 4810 (Ld , Ne Nun 1 1303 (Bz 32748

(Ca —3258 . W 8. 0 . St one 10769 (Kl - 15915 ) Penang: Han

465 7 (Ca Perak : Secat cchi ni 297a (Ca Sel angor : Kochummcn FR1 . 23143 (Ac ) ; Poona 392 (Kl S ingapore : Abbe8 Abbe 10163 (N) ; N. J . Andcaooon a . h . [ 28 Jan . 18531 (S . S) ; c. B.

Cianhc o. h . (Pd ) ; czcmcno 8 Ct amcno 22566 (N. N) ; Goodenough o. u .

[ Changi , 1889 ] (Ca Kunt ze 6093 (N, N) ; Li cw 36495 [ t ree

C ) ;(N) .

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460 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

5974 (M1 . N) , 8038 (M1 . N) , 7842 (Ca - 14709 , s, W 7944

(Ca - l 4585 , Mi , s, w - 16823OO) . 8480 (Mi , N, w Bunnama2

jan 3005 (Bz - l 9854 , Bz - l 9855 ) , 3557 (Bz - l 9864 , Ut 5522

(Bz - l 9867. Bz - i 9868 ) . 3750 (Bz - l 9856 , Bz - 19857 , Bz - l 9858 , N) ,3833 (Bz - 19865 , Bz - l 9866) , 4204 (Bz - l 9848 , Bz - l 9849) ; Jacobs4642 (E - l 955621 ) ; Jacobaon 2449 (Bz - l 9850 ) ; Junghuhn o. u. (Ut

Knotogg 4 198 (Mi , N) ; Lvnzt ng 4 205 (Bz 4394 (Bz19872 , Bz - l 9873) , 4800 (Bz 8879 (Bz - l 9863 ) ; Lanzt ng 8

Jochemo 7478 (Bz - l 9853 ) ; Mean Mohn 13 (Bz - l 9847 , Bz - l 9851 , Bz

Rodcakcah 12 (Bz - l 9869) ; Saimondx o. u . [ Pos t humu s 866] (B,

Bz - l 9846 , Ut Tonoes 942 (Ca - 42223 , Mi , S) , 1433 (Ca91960 , Mi , N, S) , 2059 (Ca - 5313l 8 , Ou - 234558 , Ew, 1 , Mi , Mi , N,w 2277 (Ca - 531494 , 1 , Mi , N, w 24 12 (Mi , N,

W - 186l 042 ) , 2837 (Ca - 531441 , Ou - 339602 , Mi , N, s, W - l 86l l 32 ) ,2720 (Ca - 530167 , Ou - 234589 , Mi , Mi , N, W - l 680383 , W - 186l l 7l ) ,3251 (Mi , N) , 3857 (Mi , N, w 3974 (Ca - 530860 , Mi , N, s,

w 4374 (Ca - 531412 , Mi , N, W 4772 (Ca - 530595 ,Mi , Mi , N, W - l 6810l 8 , W - l 6810l 9) , s .n. [ 22- 30 J une 1933 ) (N.

Ml t ee 131(BZ - l 987l ) ; Wi l de 8 wt t de-Daggjeo 14891 (Wyazoa 1 192 (Bz - l 9859 , Bz- ~ l 9860 , Ca - 25l l 67 , Mi , N) , 1859

(Bz - l 986l , Ca - 26406l , Mi , N) , 1930 (Ca - 287l l 6 , Mi ) , 2479 (Bzl 9862 , Ca - 3l 8537 , N, S) . ToedJOEJ : Sunnemet jen 8072 (Bz - l 9875 ) .

LES SER SUNDA I SLANDS : Banka : Poszhamas 722 (Bz - l 9845 ) TimorHenb . Mao. Pant o 6 . n. (L ) . CULTIVATED: Bel gium: Mant eno s .n. (Br )Java : Cot ficct oa undct cami ncd 296 (BZ - l 9749) . 297 (BZ - l 9748 , 32

Henb . Hoax. Bot . Bogon. (BZ xu. J .A.

XXXIII . 2a (Bz - 26388 , Bz) ; Hcab . Hoax. Bog. Jav . o. h . (Pd , Pd , Pd) .

S ingapore : Funzado o. u . [ l 6 Nov . l 928 ] (Bz - 1988l , Bz - l 9882 ) .

LOCAL ITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMI NED: Cot i cct oa andet enmt ned 93 (S) ,103 (Pd) . 6 .n. (Bz - l 9777) .

CLERODENDRUM LAEVIFOLIUM var . FLETCHERI Mol d Phyt ol ogia 4 : 289 .

l 953 .

Bibl iography : Fl et cher , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . l 938 : 404 . 1938 ;Mol d . , Biol . Abs t r . 27 : 3121 . l 953 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 4 : 289 . l 953 ;Mol d Rés umé l 77 , 2 16 , 8 450 . l 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 295 8 359

(l 97l ) and 2 : 868 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 284 , 349 , 539 .

1 980 ; P. Holmgren al . , Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Mi crof . 44l . l 985

Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 59 : 331 . l 986.

Thi s var iet y di f f er s f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he spec ies in

hav ing t he l eaf - bl ades marginal ly s inuat e- dent at e and t he calyces

deeply 5- f id and 4 - 11 1mn . l ong dur ing ant hes i s .

The var iety i s based on H. B. G. Gaaaczt 899 f romwast e ground ,

Fores t ry Department , Chiengma i , Thail and , col l ect ed on November 26 ,

l 934 , and depos i t ed in t he herbar i um of t he Royal Fores t ry Depar t

ment at Bangkok .

Wini t descr ibes t he pl ant as a s hru b , l m. or a f ew f eet t al l ,

general ly s impl e- s t emmed , of t en wit h many root - s ucker s , probablyexot ic , t he f l owers whit e (on no . 543) or cream (on no . t in

t ed reddi s h ou t s ide , and has encount ered i t at 120 m. al t it ude .

Khid Suvarnasuddhi , in a l et t er t o me dat ed J u ly l 4 , l 953 , says

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Ci caodendaam 461

t hat t hi s pl ant i s commonly f ound in wast e ground , but not in t he

f ores t s of Tha i l and . It i s not def ini t ely known t o be exot ic , but

i t s Thai vernacu l ar name of"ka- sa- l ong Thet

" means t he fore ign

Mizzi ngt onia"in al l u s ion t o i t s f l owers which resembl e t hose of

Mi i l i ngt onia hoazcnat a .

The Garret t and Wini t col l ect ions , c i t ed bel ow, were c i t ed by

Fl et cher (l 938 ) as C . diapani gozi um. Bl ume , and , indeed , t hi s pl anthas t he general appearance of a smoot h var iet y of t hat species . It

has been col l ect ed in ant hes is in November and December .

C i t at ions : THA I LAND: Gaaact t 899 (Bk - t ype . Ld -phot o of t ype .

N - f ragment of t ype , N -phot o of t ype ) ; Ma2w222 71- 90 (Ac ) ; Rock 589

(N wt nt t 843 (Bk ) . 1890 (Bk ) .

CLERODENDRUM LAEVI FOLIUM var . PUBIFLORUM Bakh . ex Mol d . , Rés umé 187 ,

190 , 192 , 8 451 , nom. nud . 1959 ; var . nov .

Synonymy : Cl eaodcndaon Cacui gofiium var . pubi gzonum Bakh . , in herb .

Bi bl iography : Mol d Rés umé l 87 , l 90 , l 92 , 8 45l . l 959 ; Mol d

Fi f t h S umm. l : 322 (l 97l ) and 2 : 868 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

313 8 539 . l 980 .

Thi s var iet y appears t o be based on F . w. Ri chaado 1838 f romMountFul i t , Ul u Koyan Di v i s ion, Sarawak , col l ect ed on Sept ember l 5 , l 932 ,

and depos i t ed in t he Bu i t enzorg herbar i um.

As yet I have not been abl e t o ascert ain where Bakhu i zen f ormal lypu bl i s hed t hi s t axon, but on t he t ype s heet t he f ol l owing inscr i pt ion occurs : “

fol ia pr imum supra spar se pu beru l a , mox cos t a except aut r inque gl aberr ima , inf l orescent ia t erminal i s v il l osa , calyx et

corol l a ext us s parse puberul i , corol l a al bida ; f orma t rans i t int er

C . l acvt flozium Bl . et C . dispaai éoZLum Bl . pohenda v idet ur .

Col l ect ors descr i be t he pl ant as a s l ender t ree , abou t 6 m. t al l ,

t he corol l a whi t e , pu beru l ou s on t he ou t er s u r f ace . They have f oundi t growing in whi t e s and of

"heat h f ores t s , at 60 - 800 m. al t i t ude ,

in f l ower in Sept ember .

The unnumbered Bl ume col l ect ion, c i t ed bel ow, was or iginal lyident i f ied as Ci caodcndaon dispaai got ium in an ol d handwr i t ing

(probably not Bl ume ' s becau se t he gener ic name i s spel l ed Ci caodcn

daon whereas Bl ume always wrot e i t as"Cl aaodendAum in al l his

pu bl icat ions ) . I do not regard i t as represent ing Bl ume' s t ype ,

s ince we have anot her Bl ume s pecimen which does f i t t he modern con

cept of t ypical C . dispaai éofiium Bl ume and which I t heref ore regard

as represent ing t he t ype col l ect ion t hereof .

C i t at ions : GREATER SUNDA I SLANDS : Java : at one 8 . n. (T) . SarawakRichaado 1838 (BZ - l 9889 - t yDe . Ld - phot o of t ype , N -

phot o of t ype ) .

Singkep: Bunncmai jca 7376 (Bz - l 9890 ) .

CLERODENDRUM LANCEOLATUM F. Muel l . , Fragm. Phyt . Au s t ral . 3 : 145

[ as Ci caodcndaon l 863 ; Mol d. , Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verben

ac . , ed . l , 49 - 5l 8 90 . l 942 [ not C . zanceozazum N. E. Br . ,

l 959 , nor Gdrke , l 893 ] .

Synonymy : Cl eaodcndaon Canceot axum F. Muel l . , Fragm. Phyt . Au st ral . 3 : 145 . l 863 .

Bi bl iography : F. Muel l . , Fragm. Phyt .Au s t ral . 3 : 145 . 1863 ;

462 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No . 7

Bent h . 8 F. Muel l Fl . Au s t ral . 5 : 6l , 63 , 8 67 . l 870 ; F. Muel lSec . Syst . Cens . Au s t ral . Pl . l : l 73 . l 889 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8

Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 56l . l 893 ; S . Moore , Journ . Linn. Soc .

Lond. Bot . 34 : 236 . l 899 ; F. M. Ba1 l ey , Queensl . Fl . 4 : 1181 8 1183 .

l 9ol ; F. M. Bai l ey , Compreh . Cat . Queensl . Pl . 386 8 389 , f ig. 364 .

l 9l 3 ; S t apf , Ind . Lond . 2 : 239 . 1930 ; C . A . Gardn . , Enum. Pl . Au st ral . Occ id . 3 : 1 12 . l 931 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . ,

ed . l , 49 - 5l 8 90 . l 942 ; Jacks . i n Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. ,

imp. 2 , l : 56l . l 946 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 2 ,

l l b , l l 8 , 120 , 8 l 82 . l 949 ; Mol d . , Résumé 427 8 45l . l 959 ; Jacks in

Hook . f . 8 Jacks Ind . Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 56l . l 96o; Mol d Rés umeSuppl . 3 : 26 . l 962 ° Beard , Descr ip. Cat . W. Au st ral . Pl . , ed . l , 9l .

l 965 ; Mol d Resume Suppl . l 5 : l 4 . l 967 ; Beard , Descr ip. Cat . W.

Au s t ral . Pl . , ed . 2 , 1 1 3 . l 970 ; Mol d Fi f t h Summ. l : 345 (l 97l ) and

2 : 868 . l 97l ; T . B. Mu i r , Muel l er ia 2 : 166 . l 972 ; Mol d Phyt ol .

Mem. 2 : 335 8 539 . l 980

I l l u s t rat ions : F. M. Bai l ey , Compreh . Cat . Queensl . Pl . 389 , f ig.

364 . l 9l 3 .

Muel l er ‘

s or iginal (l 863 ) descr i pt ion is : Vel ut inum, fol i is

ovat o v . obl ongo- l anceol at i s oppOS Tt i s pet iol o dupl o t r i pl ove l on

gior ibus int egerr imis , panicul TS corymbosis axi l l ar ibus et t erminal ibus , f l or ibus breviuscul e ped1cel l at is , bract eol i s obl ongis v .

l inear i bus , calycis 5- f id 1 l obi s f ere semiovat i s , corol l ae ext us

brevi t er pubescent i s t u bo prael ongo . In col l i bus rupest r ibus ad

s inum Nickol Bay . Pemb . Wal cot t . Arbu scu l a saepius Fol ia pl era

que 2 - l %“l at a , nunc sens1m acut at a , nunc obt usiuscul a .

Bract eol ae c irc i t er lg“l ongae . Calyces f l or i f er i c irc i t er

l ong1 , f ruct i f er i conSpicue auct i et 1ncrassat 1 , f ere semipol l icemmet 1ent es , l ob 1 s denique ref l exi s et del t oidei s . Corol l ae t u bu sc irc i t er pol l ioar is , l obi 2 l ongi . Fi l ament a conspicue exser

t a . Ant herae l ongae . Fruct u s v1 x mat u r i 3 met ient es .

"

Beard (l 97o) descr ibes t he pl ant as an"El egant s hru b 6 - 9 f t .

t al l , wi t h bl ack"

berr ies [ act ual ly dru pes ] . Moore (l 899) aver st hat i t i s found in t he desert nort h of 300 among t he endemics whi ch

have advanced f rom Wes t ern Au st ral ia int o t he nort hern part of t he

Wes t ern Au st ral ian desert . Bent ham 8 Muel l er (1870 ) admi t t hat t he

spec ies i s almos t 1 nd1 st 1 nguishabl e f rom C . t omeni ooum and cons i s t sof bot h narrow and broad- l eav ed f orms .

The C . Cancaot axum N. E. Br . and C . Za nccofai um GUrke . ment ioned

above , are synonyms of C , xennazum var . Ca nccofa t am (GUrke ) M0 Id1 n sou t hern A f r ica .

Not hing 1 3 known t o me of C . Canceof ai um F. Muel l . beyond what is

s t at ed in i t s bibl iography (above ) and I anx i ou s ly awa it Dr . Munir's

di spos i t i on of i t .

CLERODENDRUM LANCEOLIFERUM S . Moore ex J . G. Baker in Rendl e , Jou rn .

Bot . Br i t . 63 : Suppl . 8l [ as"

Cfieaodcndaon J. l 925 ; Mold

Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . l , 63 8 90 . l 942 .

Synonymy : C£enod2 ndaon Canccoflt genum S . Moore ex J . G. Baker in

Rendl e , Jou rn . Bot . Br i t . 63 : Suppl . 8l . l 925 .

B 1 bl 1ography : J . G. Baker 1 n Rendl e ,Jou rn . Bot . Br it . 63 : S u ppl

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464 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 6l , No . 7

S i t e ; pet iol es s l ender , abou t 4 cm. l ong; l eaf - bl ades membranou s ,obovat e or obovat e- obl ong, abou t l 3 cm. l ong and cm. wide , api

cal ly rounded and s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly s u bent ire or irregu

l arly s inuat e- dent at e , basal ly acu t e , gl abrou s ; midr i b rounded , veryprominent ; secondar ies s l ender , l 2 - l 4 , arcuat e ; t ert iar ies s u bparal l el ; veinl et ret icu l at ion somewhat di s t inct ; inf l orescence t erminal , panicu l at e , 8 - l 0 cm. l ong, 5 - 6 cm. wide , gl abrou s , t he ramif icat ions s l ender , re- branched ; bract s smal l , l inear ; bract l et s ob

sol et e ; pedicel s short ; calyx campanu l at e , 6 - 7 mm. l ong, gl abrou s ,deeply di v ided , t he t u be almos t obsol et e , t he l obes l inear- obl ong,

6 mm. l ong, l mm. wide , apical ly acu t e ; corol l a hypocrat er i form,

gl abrou s , t he t u be cyl indric , l omm. l ong, t he l obes spat u l at e , 5 - 6

mm. l ong, apical ly obt u se ; s t amens l ong- ex ser t ed ; f i l ament s gl abrou s ; ant hers obl ong; s tyl e s l ender ; s t igma s hort ly bi f id ; ov arygl abrou s ; f ru i t not known.

Thi s Species i s based on an unnumbered de Lanessan col l ect ion

f rom Pou l o- Condor , Cochinchina , Viet nam. A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s hi t f rom ot her I ndochines e t axa in t his genu s wi l l be found under C .

hahnianum Dop in t he present ser ies of not es [ 60 : l 41 - l 43 ] .

Not hing is known t o me of t hi s pl ant beyond what i s s t at ed in i t s

rat her brief bi bl iography (above ) .

CLERODENDRUM LANKAwIENSE K ing 8 Gambl e , Kew Bu l l . Misc . Inf . l 908

l l o [ as l 9o8 ; Fl et cher , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf .

1938 : 404 , 407 , 424 , 8 426 . l 938 .

Synonymy : Cl eaodendaon Lankawi cnoa K ing 8 Gambl e , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc .

Inf . l 908 : l l o. l 908 . Ci caodcndaon ( anghawi cnoc K . 8 G. apud M. R.

Henderson, Gard . Bu l l . S t rai t s Set t l . 7 : l l 8 . l 933 .

Bi bl iography : K ing 8 Gambl e , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . l 908 : l l o.

l 9o8 ; Gambl e in K ing 8 Gambl e , Journ. As iat . Soc . Beng. 74 (2 ex

t ra ) : 826 8 830 . l 9o8 ; Ridl . , Jou rn. Roy . As iat . Soc . S t rai t s 59

156 . 19l l ; Fra in , Ind . . Kew. S uppl . 4 , imp. l , 50 . l 9l 3 ; H. J . Lam,

Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 249 8 364 . l 9l 9 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l .

Jard. Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 95 , l o9 , 8 IX. l 921 ; Ridl Fl .

Mal ay Penins . 2 : 624 8 625 . l 923 ; M. R. Henderson, Gard . Bu l l .

S t rai t s Set t l . 7 : l l 8 . l 933 ; Fl et cher , Kew Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . l 938

404 , 407 , 424 , 8 426 - 427 . l 938 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Ver

benac . , ed . l , 55 , 56 , 60 , 61 . 8 90 . l 942 ; Mol d Al ph . Lis t Ci t . l

268 . l 946 ; Pra in, Ind . Kew. S uppl . 4 , imp. 2 , 50 . l 958 ; Anon . , Kew

Bu l l . Gen. Ind. 77 . l 959 ; Mol d . , Res umé 165 , l 66 , l 77 , l 79 , 8 45l .

1959 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 282 , 285 , 295 , 304 , 8 307 (l 97l ) and 2

868 . l 97l ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 32 : 46 . 1975 ; Anon. , Biol . Abs t r . 6l

ACl . 58l . l 976 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 28 : l 7l . l 976 ; Mol d Phy

t ol ogia 34 : 264 . l 976 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 272 , 284 , 295 , 298 , 8

539. l 980 ; Brenan , Ind . Kew. S uppl . l 6 : 7l . l 98l ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia

60 : l 98 (l 986 ) and 61 : 89 8 187 . l 986 .

A s hru b ; branchl et s obt u sely t et ragonal , canal icu l at e , scabr idpu beru l ou s ; l eaves decu s s at e- oppos it e ; pet iol es abou t 6 mm. l ong,

scabr id-pu bescent ; l eaf - bl ades chart aceou s , obl ong or obl ong

- l anceo

l at e t o obl anceol at e or obovat e ,- l o cm. l ong, l . 2 cm.

wide , apical ly acu t e , marginal ly ent ire , bas al ly at t enuat e , subgl ab

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on C2 2aodcndaum 465

rou s t o sparsely his pid wi t h Joint ed ha irs on bot h s u r f aces , pu bescent on t he l arger venat ion beneat h ; midr ib st ou t ; secondar ies 8 - 10

pa irs , cu rv ing arcuat ely upwards t o and al ong t he margins ; t ert iaries t ransvers e , f ew, i rregu l ar ; veinl et s ret icu l at e ; inf l orescencet erminal , panicu l at e , pyramidal , l eafy , t hyr soid , t he l ower rami f icat ions ax i l l ary t o t he uppermos t l eaves , t o 23 cm. l ong and l O cm.

wide , scabr id- pu bescent ; sympodia abou t cm. l ong; cymes peduncu l at e , t r ichot omou s , rat her f ew- f l owered ; bract s fol iaceou s , l anceol at e ; bract l et s smal l , set aceou s ; pedi cel s s l ender , abou t 4 mm.

l ong; buds cl avat e , t o l . 8 cm. l ong; calyx campanu l at e , ex t ernal lyscabrou s - hi s pid , i nt ernal ly gl abrou s and wi t h l arge pel t at e gl ands ,cl ef t t o abou t t he l engt h , prominent ly venose , t he l obes ovat e ,

4 - 6 mm. l ong, basal l y 2 mm. wide ; corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, t he t u bes l ender , cyl indr ic , abou t l . 2 cm. l ong, ex t ernal l y pu bescent , t he

l obes obovat e , spreading, t he middl e l obe of t he l ower l ip l onger

t han t he ot her s ; s t amens l ong- exser t ed ; f i l ament s very sl ender , gl a

brou s ; ant hers obl ong, l mm. l ong, W i t h 2 paral l el t hecae ; s t yl every s l ender ; s t igma very s hort ly b il obed ; ov ary rounded , ex t ernal lygl abrou s ; f ru i t not known .

This s pec ies i s based on Cuazio 3789 f rom Terut an on Langkawi is

l and , Kedah , Mal aya , depos i t ed in t he Singapore herbar ium. K ing 8

Gambl e not e t hat Only one spec imen of t his Spec ies i s ava i l abl e .

It is near C . Gniflgizhianum, C l arke , but di f f ers in t he inf l ores

cense , calyx , 8c .

Henderson (l 933 ) comment s t hat t his spec i es is probably rel at ed

t o C . hiopi dum M. R. Henderson, which , however , di f f er s in i t s ramis

pubescent ibus pi l is l ongi s , f ol i is mu l t o l at i or i bus , hi spid i s , pet i

ol i s l ongior ibus , calyce maiore , t u bo corol l ae mu l t o breviore .

Col l ect ors have encount ered C , Canhawi cnoc in evergreen fores t sand in scru b near s t reams , f rom near seal evel t o 900 m. al t i t ude .

Ridl ey (l 9l l ) c i t es al so Ri dzeg 2515 f rom Langkawi ; Fl et cher

(l 938 ) c i t es Hani fifl8 Nan 2084 8 2735 and Kean 11722, 12927, 16283,

16283a ,8 17525 f rom Thai l and and Robi nson 6257 f rom Langkawi . Bak

hu izen (l 921 ) l is t s t he s pec ies f romMal acca .

C it at ions : THA I LAND: Put 2096 (Ed) . MALAYAN I SLANDS : Langkawi :Cuat t a 3789 (N -

phot o of t ype , W -phot o of t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM LANKAwIENSE var . ANDAMANENSE Mol d Phyt ol ogia 32 : 46 .

l 975 .

Bibl iography : Mol d Phyt ol ogia 32 : 46 . l 975 ; Anon . , Biol . Abst r .

6l : ACl . 58l . l 976 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 28 : 171 . l 976 ; Mol d

Phyt ol ogia 34 : 264 . l 976 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 274 8 539 . l 980 ;Brenan, Ind . Kew. Suppl . l 6 : 7l . l 98l ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 6l : l 87 .

l 986 .

Thi s v ar i ety di f f ers f rom t he typical form of t he Spec ies in hav

ing i t s l eaf - bl ades perf ect ly el l ipt ic , 6 - 25 cm. l ong, 2 - l o cm.

wide , acu t e at bot h ends or sl ight ly su bacumi nat e and very mi nu t elyapicu l at e at t he apex and t he calyx du r ing ant hes i s cons picuou s lymarked wi t h crat er i formgl ands on t he ou t er s u r f ace .

The var iet y is based on an unnumbered Sul phiz Kurz col l ect ion

f rom Nort h Corbyna Cove on Sou t h Andaman I s l and in t he Andaman I s

466 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 7

l ands and is depos i t ed in t he Munich herbar i um.

C i t at ions : ANDAMAN I SLANDS : Sou t h : Hcl fica (L) ; Kuaz a . h .

(Ld - phot o of t ype , Mu - 1149 - i sot ype , Mo - 3808 - t ype) .

CLERODENDRUM LANUGINOSUM Bl ume , Bijdr . Fl . Ned . Ind . 14 : 810 . 1826 .

Synonymy : Bi gnonia comoaa Roxb . , Hort . Beng. , imp. l , [ 95 ] nom.

nud . l 8l 4 ; Fl . I ndica , ed . 2 , imp. l , 3 : 103 . l 832 [ not 8 . comooaCham. , l 832 ] . Spazhodca 2 comooa G. Don , Gen . Sys t . 4 : 222 . l 838 .

Ci aaodéhdAOn Lanugi nooam Bl ume apud D. Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 3 : 6l 7 . l 842 .

Bi bl iography : Roxb . , Hort . Beng. , imp. l , l 8l 4 ; Bl ume ,

Bijdr . Fl . Ne d . Ind . l 4 : 810 . l 826 ; Cham. , Linnaea 7 : 693 . l 832 ;Roxb Fl . Indica , ed . 2 , imp. l , 3 : lo3 . l 832 ; G. Don, Gen . Sys t .

4 : 222 . l 838 ; S t eud Nom. Bot . Phan. , ed . 2 , l : 383 . l 840 ; D.

Diet r . , Syn. Pl . 3 : 617 . l 842 ; Wal p. , Nov . Act . Nat . Cur . l 9 , Suppl .

l : 380 . 1843 ; A . P. DC. , Prodr . 9 : l 44 . l 845 ; Wal p. , Repert . Bot .

Syst . 4 : l 09 . l 845 ; Schau . in A . DC Prodr . l l : 672 . l 847 ; Buek ,Gen . Spec . Syn. Candol l . 3 : l o6 . l 858 ; Niq. , Fl . Ned . Ind . 2 : 751 8

882 . l 858 ; Niq. , Ann. Mus . Bot . Lugd . 3 : 253 . 1867 ; Rox b Fl . I ndica , ed . 2 , imp. 2 , 3 : l o3 . l 874 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. l , l : 56l . l 893 ; E. D. Merr . , Phil ip. For . Bur . Bu l l . l

52 . l 903 ; Pu l l e in Lorent z , Nova Gu inea , ser . l , 8 : 403 . l 9l l ; H.

Hal l ier , Neded . Rij ks Herb . Leid . 37 : 68 . l 9l 8 ; H. J . Lam, Verbenac .

Mal ay . Arch . 293 - 294 8 364 . l 9l 9 ; Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh Bu l l . Jard .

Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 76 , 90 , 96 , 109 , 8 IX. l 92l ; E. D. Merr . ,

Enum. Phi l ip. Fl ow. Pl . 3 : 402 - 403 . l 923 ; Bakh . in Bakh . 8 Lam,

Nova Gu inea , ser . l , 14 , Bot . l : 171 . l 924 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Comm.

Vern . Names 3 . l 9. 27. 8 29 . l 939 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Ver

benac . , ed . l , 62 , 66 , 8 90 . l 942 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 2 : l OO. l 945 ;

Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , l : 56l . l 946 ; Mol d

Al ph . Li s t Ci t . l : 19l . l 946 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names S uppl . l

6 . l 947 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 2 : 449 (l 948 ) and 4 : l 155 8 1236 .

l 949 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , l 4l , 148 , 8 l 82 .

l 949 ; Mol d Biol . Abs t r . 26 : 1471 . l 952 ; Van St eenis , Act . Bot .

Neer l . 2 : 305 - 306. 1953 ; Bremekamp, Biol . Abs t r . 29 : 2933 . l 955 ;

Mol d Rés ume l 83 , l 93 , 199 , 237 , 265 , 345 , 8 45l . l 959 ; Jacks . in

Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 561 . l 960 ; Mol d Fi f t h

S umm. l : 316 . 322 . 332 . 396 . 8 449 (l 97l ) and 2 : 623 8 868 . l 97l ;

R0 xb Fl I ndica . ed . 2 . imp. 3 , 3 : 103 . l 97l ; Al t schu l , DrugsFoods 248 . l 973 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 306 , 313 , 322 , 8 539 . l 980 ;

Roxb . , Hort . Beng. , imp. 2 , 1980 ; P.Holmgren 8 al . , Ind .

Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 44l . l 985 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 467 8 468

(l 985 ) , 58 : 448 ( l 985 ) , 59 : l l 9 (l 986) , and 61 : 413 . l 986 .

A s hru b , 3 - 7 m. t al l ; s t ems t o cm. in diamet er ; branches and

branchl et s dens ely l anuginou s ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e , pet iol at e ;

pet iol es dens ely l anuginou s ; l eaf bl ades chart aceou s , ovat e , apical

ly acuminat e , marginal ly di s t ant ly serrat e- dent at e or dent icu l at e ,

s u bent ire when young, basal ly u s u al ly s u bcordat e , sof t ly pu bescenton bot h s ur f aces ; calyx campanu l at e , l - l . 5 cm. l ong, purpl e , ex t ernal ly l anuginou s wi t h wide- spreading ha ir s , deeply 5- f id , t he segment s apical ly

'

acuminat e ; corol l a hypocrat er i form, whi t e ; f ru i t drupaceous , purpl e .

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468 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 6l , No . 7

l at e ones on hul l l ama 3120.

Diet rich (l 843 ) l i s t s C . l anugi nooum f rom Java and only f romt here but t hi s i s probably an error s ince he quot es only Bl ume ' sor iginal descr ipt ion wherein t he Species is pl ainly accredi t ed , not

t o Java , but t o t he Mol ucca I s l ands .

Bakhu izen l i s t s t he species f rom t he Phi l ippines , t he Mol uccas ,and New Gu inea [ Wes t I r ian, Biak 8 Schou t en i s l ands ] .

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s species f rom ot her Indones ian t axawi l l be f ound under C . hl emmel Elm. in t he present series of not es

[ 6l : 410Vernacu l ar names recorded f or C , l anugi noaum are ant ut uhgau

t al u k" ,

"asni "

derunal"

, magal abl ab"

,

"mal -mal " ,

"

pai t on"

,

"

pai t

pai t"

,

"sal umpapai t

"

,

"t akipan

“t anogo and

“t ingkao

”.

Hal l ier (1918) c i t es Col l ect or: undu e/mined f romTernat e . De

Val u e 8 Teijsmann f rom Ceram. and Retnwaadx f rom Banda .

Merr i l l (l 9z1 ) ci t es Al vl ah , Phi l ip. Foa. Baa . 25911 , Elman 13559,Hal l l ea 8 .n. , Meanl l l 8239, Ramoo 14477, Ramoo 8 Edafio 38617, Rcl l l o

15404 , and wabca 1102 f rom Bas i l an, Camigu in de Misami s , and Mindan

ao , in t he Phi l ippines , not ing t hat in t he Phi l ippines t he speciesocc urs In t hicket s and secondary fores t s at l ow al t i t udes " . He

gi ves as ext ra- l imi t al di s t r ibu t ion Banda , Ceram, and Ternat e .

Al t schu l (l 973 ) ci t es Anonuevo 210 and Faahc 588 f rom t he Phi l

ippines , report ing t hat t here t he l eaves are u sed medicinal ly t o

t reat s pl enomegaly (enl argement of t he Spl een) and t hat t he scrapedof f bark i s appl ied t o t he f orehead t o t reat headaches .

It may be not ed here t hat t he or iginal Bl ume (1826) ref erence in

t he species'bi bl iography i s somet imes ci t ed , erroneou s ly , as part

" 9"and dat ed

“1825

Ol aen 673, on i t s col l ect or' s l abel , indicat es t hat t he f l ower s "

were purpl e"

, but only f ru i t s , not f l ower s , appear on t he specimen,

so i t is mos t probabl e t hat i t is f ru i t col or , and not corol l a col or .

t hat was int ended by t he not at ion .

The Edano, 9166866 . Ban. Set . 4 1803 and 12011108 8 Edano,Phi li p.

Baa . Sci . 44009 col l ect ions , ci t ed bel ow, were erroneou s ly mi s- ci t edby me as represent ing C. cuml ngl anum Schau . in a prev iou s ins t al lment of t he pres ent not es t he former was act ual ly so regarded by

bot h Bakhu izen and Merr i l l , but examinat ion s hows t he calyx f ar t oo

broad f or t hat t axon .

Bakhu izen (l 921 ) incl udes a Cl caodcndaon pubescena Wal p. in t he

synonymy Of C . l anugi nooum. but t hi s binomial bel ongs , ins t ead , in

t he synonymy of C . ul acooum Vent .

Mat er ial of Cl caodendaum lanugi nOAum has been mi s ident i f ied and

di s t r i bu t ed in some herbaria as C . adanophyéum H. Hal l ier . C . cumi n

gzanum Schau . . C . macaoot egl um Schau . , C . phl l l ppl num Schau . , and

C . vi l l osum Bl ume . On t he ot her hand , t he Banncmel jca 2414 . dis

t r i bu t ed as C . l anugi noaum. act ual ly i s t he t ype col l ect ion of C .

l epaf icrwa Mol d . , whi l e Aha/m 691 . Antoni o, 1915219219 .BUJL. Sci 31154 ,

Cl emena 1960, DcVoac 8 Heaven 173, Elman 1 1338, Lagalmao 213, Mal

l onga ,Phi l ip. Foa. Baa . 26265, Ram08 8 Paocaol o, Phl l l p. Baa . Sel .

35024 , and wenzel 2621 8 3376 are C . macnocal yx H. J . Lam (t he Elmen11308 col l ect ion being i t s t ype col l ect ion) and Baat l cl t 15567 i s

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl caodcndaum 469

C . ul l l ooum Bl ume .

C i t at ions : PHI L I PPINE I SLANDS : Bas i l an: Ebal o 897 (Mi ) . Jol oR. S . Wi l l iamé 3120 (N, N) . Leyt e : Edafio,

Phi l ip. Baa . Sci . 41803

(Bz - 19103 . Ca Luzon : Edano, Phi l i p. Ban. Sci . 75881 (N) ;Lahen 4421 [ =Vidal 1650 J (Mu ) . Mindanao : Enaae 8 Faahc 162 [ Phi l ip.

Nat . Herb . 36023 ] (W Ramoo 8 Edano , Phl l l p. Baa . Sci .

38617 (Bz - 19901 , W Zwl chcy 13 (Mi , N) . Tawi - t awi : S .

088en 873 (Cp) . 887 (CD) . 776 (Cpl ; Ramoo 8 Edano, Phi l i p. Ban.

Sci . 44009 (B, Bz - 19106 , Cd - 257643 , N) . I s l and undet erminedHaab . N, y, Bot . Gand. 8 . n. (N) . GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS : Kal imant anSchul i emahea 107 (Bz - 20952 , Bz - 20953 , Bz MOLUCCA I SLANDSBat jan: Tei jsmann 5631 (Bz - 19891 , Bz Halmahera : Anang 648

(Bz 637 (Bz Lam 3727 (Bz - l 9898) . Morot ai : Mai n 8

Adan 1489 (Bz Obi : Al aaal p 84 (Bz - l 9893 , Bz - l 9894 , Bz

26622 , Bz Saunam 81 (Bz —l 9895 , Bz - l 9896 , Bz - l 9897) .

Ternat e : Anang 83 (Bz Begul n 961 (Bz - l 9900 ) ; Tei jsmann5243 H, B, (Bz - l 9899 , Ut LOCALI TY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMI NED: Zol l i ngen 1 143 (Ut

CLERODENDRUM LANUGINOSUM var . ADPRESSIPILUM Mol d Phyt ol ogia 4 : 49 .

l 952 .

Bi bl iography : Mol d Biol . Abs t r . 26 : 1471 . l 952 ; Mol d Phyt o

l ogia 4 : 49 . 1952 ; Mol d Rés umé l 83 8 45l . 1 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm.

l : 3l 6 (l 97l ) and 2 : 868 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 306 8 539 .

l 980 ; P. Holmgren 8 al . , Ind . . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 44l . l 985 ;

Mol d Phyt ol ogia 59 : l l 9 . l 986 .

Thi s var iet y di f f ers f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he Species onl y in

hav ing t he dense pu bescence cl osely appressed t o t he ex t er ior of t he

calyx .

The variet y i s bas ed on Elmca 13559 f rom Cabadbaran. Mt . Urdane

t a , in t he Prov ince of Agu s an , Mindanao , Phi l ippine I s l ands , col l ee

t ed in Augu st , l 912 , and depos i t ed in t he Bu i t enzorg herbar i um.

The t ype and t hu s f ar only known col l ect i on of t hi s t axon wasprev iou s ly mi s ident i f ied and di s t r i bu t ed in herbar ia as C . cuml ngl a

num Schau .

C i t at ions : PHI L I PPI NE I SLANDS : Mindanao : Elmen 13559 (Bi - iso

t ype , Bz - l 9lO9 - type , Ld -phot o of t ype , N - i sot ype , N -

phot o of

i sotype , W - l l 7228l —i sot ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM LASIOCEPHALUM C . B. Cl arke in Hook . f Fl . Br i t . I ndia4 : 594 [ as Cl eaodcndaon l 885 ; Mol d Prel im. Al ph . Li s tInv . Names 20 . l 94o.

Synonymy : Cl aaodcndaon l aol ocaphal um C . B. C l arke in Hook . f

Fl . Br i t . I ndia 4 : 594 . l 885 . Cl caodcndaon l aol occphal ua C . 3

C l arke ex Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 20 in syn . l 94o.

Cl caodcndaon l ad cl occphal um C . 8 . C l arke apud Nat h , Bot . S urv . Sou t h .

Shan S t at es 305 . l 96o.

Bibl iography : C . 8 . C l ar ke in Hook . f Fl . Br i t . I ndia 4 : 594 .

1885 ; Col l et t 8 Hems l Jou rn . Linn . Soc . Lond . Bot . 28 : 11 1 . l 890 ;Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 56l . l 893 ; Bran

d is , I ndian Trees , imp. l 8 2 , 507 - 508 imp. 2a , 507 - 508

470 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

(l 9o7) , imp. 3 , 507 - 508 (l 9l l ) , and imp. 4 , 507 - 508 . l 921 ; Rodger

in Lace , Li s t Trees Shru bs Bu rma , ed . 2 , l 32 . l 922 ; Fl et cher , Kew

Bu l l . Mi sc . Inf . l 938 : 405 , 407 , 425 , 8 430 . l 938 ; KanJ i l al , Das ,

Kanj i l al , 8 De , Fl . A s sam, imp. l , 3 : 486 , 489 , 8 546 . 1939 ; Mol d

Prel im A l ph . Li s t Inv . Names 20 . l 94o; C . E. C . Fi scher , Kew Bu l l .

Mi sc . Inf . l 94oz 299 . l 94l ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names l 8 . 1942 ;Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . l , 54 8 90 . l 942 ; Jacks .

in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , l : 56l . l 946 ; Mol d Al ph .

Li s t Ci t . l : 105 . l 946 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di st r ib . Verbenac . , ed .

2 , l 26 8 l 82 . l 949 ; E. J . Sal i s b . , Ind . Kew. S uppl . l l : 56 . 1953 ;Anon . , Kew Bu l l . Gen . Ind . 77 . l 959 ; Mol d . , Rés umé l 6l , 265 , 8 45l .

l 959 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 56l . l 96o;Nat h , Bot . S u rv . Sou t h . Shan S t at es 305 . l 96o; Deb , Bu l l . Bot . Surv .

I ndia 3 : 3l 4 . 196l ; Hundl ey 8 K0 in Lace , Trees Shru bs Bu rma , ed . 3 ,

203 . l 96l ; Rao 8 Rabha , Bu l l . Bot . Surv . India 8 : 30l . l 966 ; Pani

grahi 8 Joseph, Bu l l . Bot . S u rv . India 8 : l 5l . l 966 ; Mol d Rés uméS u ppl . l 5 : l 8 . l 967 ; Pande , Bu l l . Dept . Med . Pl . Nepal l : 36 . l 967 ;Mol d . , ReSumé S u ppl . l 6 : 9 . l 968 ; Brandi s , Indian Trees , imp. 5 ,

507 - 508 . l 97l ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 273 , 282 , 8 449 (l 97l ) and 2868 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 28 : 444 . l 974 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

259 , 272 , 8 539 . l 980 ; Kanj i l al , Das , KanJ i l al , 8 De , Fl . As sam,

imp. 2 , 486 , 489 , 8 546 . l 982 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 54 : 238 (l 983 ) , 60l 35 (l 986 ) , and 61 : 90 . l 986 .

A s hru b , t o abou t m. t al l ; branchl et s ant ror sely pu bescent or

t oment ose ; l eaves decu s sat e- Oppos i t e ; pet iol es - 15 cm. l ong;

l eaf - bl ades membranou s , ovat e or el l ipt - obl ong, 8 - 25 cm. l ong,

6 - 13 cm. wide , apical ly acuminat e , marginal ly dent at e , basal ly Cun

eat e or rounded , spar sely pu bescent or t oment os e on bot h s urf aces ;secondar ies 5 - 7 per s ide ; inf l orescence panicu l at e , t erminal , e

rect , subcapi t at e , ses s i l e , 5 cm. wide , depres sed gl obose , pub

escent , t he cymes compact , corymbi form, subcapi t at e ; bract s l inear ;

f l ower- buds v iol et ; calyx pu bescent , abou t l . 8 cm. l ong, di v idednear ly t o t he base , t he segment s f l accid , l anceol at e or t riangu l arl anceol at e , l . 2 - 2 cm. l ong, apical ly acuminat e or caudat e , bas al lys u bcordat e , pu bescent ; corol l a hypocrat er i form, t he t u be s l ender ,

- 4 cm. l ong, t he l imb 5- l obed , t he l obes obl ong or obovat e ,

abou t 8 mm. l ong; f ru it drupaceou s , abou t 8 mm. wide , red .

Thi s l i t t l e- known spec ies is based onw. Gal ggl t h 6055 f rom t he

Mi s hmee hi l l s in Upper Bu rma . Brandi s (1906) l i s t s t he s pec ies as

f rom“Mi s hmi and Duf f a hi l l s . Khas i hi l l s . Shan hi l l s , Upper Burma

Rao 8 Ragha (1966 ) record i t f rom As sam, whi l e Panigrahi 8 Joseph(l 966 ) descr ibe i t as

"

scarce in Nef a .

Col l ect ors have encount ered t he spec ies i n secondgrowt h , at 550

m. al t i t ude , in f l ower in May . Deb as sert s t hat i t i s"f requent in

val l eys i n Manipur , whi l e Kanj il al and his as soc iat es (1939) as s ertt hat i t f l owers f rom Apri l t o J u ly in As sam and f ru i t s t here at t he

end of t he ra iny season .

Vernacu l ar names recorded for C . l aal occphal um are"

pet pein

pet- pe i n

“

, and"synt ew

- domahi " .

Col l et t 8 Hemsl ey (1890) c i t e Apl l n 6 . n. f rom t he Shan S t at es of

Bu rma ; Fl et cher ( l 938 ) C i t es only wl nl t 784 f rom Thai l and ; Deb (l 961 )

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472 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

CLERODENDRUM LAT I FOLIUM Fr iedr ich , Abh. Geol . Spec ial kart e Preu s s .

4 339 pl . 23 , f ig. 4 , 8 pl . 28 , f ig. l 4 [ as"

Cl cao

1883 ; Mol d Prel im. Al ph . List Inv . Names 20 . l 94o.

Synonymy : Cl caodcndaon l ai l flol l um Fr iedr ich , Abn. Geol . Spec ial

kart e Preu s s . 4 339 pl . 23 , f ig. 4 , 8 pl . 28 , f ig. l 4 .

l 883 .

Bibl iography : Fr iedr ich , Abh . Geol . Spec ial kart e Preu s s 4 (3 )339 [ l 8l ] , pl . 23 , f ig. 4 , 8 pl . 28 , f ig. l 4 . l 883 ; Mol d . , Prel im.

Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 20 . l 94o; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names l 8 .

l 942 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Di st r ib . Verbenac . , ed . l , 75 8 90 . l 942 ;H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d Pl . L i f e 2 : 42 . l 948 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dis

t r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , l 66 8 l 82 . l 949 ; Mol d Resume 226 , 265 , 8

45l . l 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 375 8 449 (l 97l l and 2 : 868 . l 97l ;Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 368 8 539 . l 980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 345 .

l 985 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Fr iedr ich , Abn. Geol . Spec ial kart e Preu s s . 4 (3 )pl . 23 , f i g. 5 , 8 pl . 28 , f ig. l 4 . l 883 .

Thi s s pecies i s descr i bed f rom t he Ol igocene of Germany .

CLERODENDRUM LAXICVMOSUM DeWi l d . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bru x . 7 : l 7l [ asCl eaodcndaon l 920 ; B . Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t .

Cl erod . ] 68 . l 936 .

Synonymy : Cl caodcndaon l axl cymOAum DeWil d . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot .

Bru x . 7 : l 7l . l 920 .

Bibl iography : DeWi l d . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bru x 7 : l 7l . l 920 ; De

Wil d Pl . Bequaert . 2 : 262 - 264 . 1922 ; A . W. Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl .

6 , imp. l , 49 . l 926 ; Fedde 8 Schust . , J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 48 (l ) :497 (l 927) and 53 (l ) : l o7z. 1932 ; B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 :

[ Gat t . Cl erod . ] 39 , 68 , 8 94 . 1936 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r ib .

Verbenac . , ed . l , 48 8 90 (l 942 ) and ed . 2 , l l 5 8 182 . 1949 ; A . W.

Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 6 , imp. 2 , 49 . l 959 ; Mol d . , Rés umé l 37 , l 4l ,

143 , 8 45l . l 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 220 , 229 , 8 233 (l 97l ) and

2 : 868 . l 97l ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 3l : 395 . l 975 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem.

2 : 210 , 219 , 223 , 387 , 8 539 . l 980 ; P. Holmgren 8 d l Ind . Vasc .

Pl . Type Microf . 44l . l 985 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 58 : 206 , 298 , 8 299 .

l 985 .

A branched , cl imbing s hru b , 2 - 4 m. t al l , or l iana , branched f romt he base , gl abrou s almos t t hroughou t ; s t ems of t en

"as t hick as a

man ' s upper arm" , s piny ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e or al t ernat e ,

borne on l ong s l ender s hoot s ; pet iol es l . 5 - 6 cm. l ong, more or l es sverrucose , art icu l at e l - 3 mm. f rom t he base , t he basal port ion per

s i s t ing as a woody spine abou t 3 mm. l ong; l eaf - bl ades oval or el

l ipt ic t o obovat e , 7 - l 5 cm. l ong, 2 cm. wide , apical ly acuminat e (t he acumen i t sel f obt u se or s u bacu t e ) , marginal ly ent ire , bas ally broadly cunei form, gl abrou s on bot h s u rfaces ; secondar ies 6 or 7

per s ide , more promi nent beneat h t han above , anas t omos ing in an arc

bef ore reaching t he margins ; inf l orescence ax i l l ary and t erminal ,

t he cymes peduncu l at e , l ax , t o 19 cm. l ong; peduncl es green, somet imes carrying or 2 bud- t races , t o 9 cm. l ong; rachi s and rami f icat ions of t he inf l orescence gl abrou s or very s hort ly pu beru l ent ,

t he l at eral branches abou t 2 cm. l ong, dichot omou s , 7- f l owered ;

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl caodcndaam 473

bract l et s l inear , t o 5 mm. l ong, c il iol at e , caducou s ; pedicel s 3 - 4

mm. l ong; f l owers cau l i f l orou s , of t en borne d irect ly on t he mains t em f ar bel ow t he l owes t l eaves ; calyx green , more or l es s cam

panul at e , 7 - 9 mm. l ong, ext ernal ly gl abrou s , t he r im 5- t oot hed , t he

t eet h del t oid , abou t mm. l ong, apical ly su bacu t e ; corol l a whi t e

or pal e- rose , hypocrat er i form, t he t u be s l ender , 8 - 9 mm. l ong, api

cal ly enl arged , t he l imb 5- l obed . t he l obes ref l exed , abou t 3 mm.

l ong; st amens 4 , whi t e , exs ert ed abou t 4 mm. f rom t he corol l a-mou t h ;ant hers brown ; pi st i l l ; st yl e l ong

- exsert ed .

This s pecies i s based on J . Bequaenz 1344 f rom a secondary f ores tat Avaku bi , Za ire , col l ect ed on January 9 , l 9l 4 , and deposi t ed in

t he Bru ssel s herbar i um.

Col l ect or s have encount ered t his pl ant in f orest s and mont anefores t s , of t en growing in cl ayey

=sandy soi l , at al t i t udes of 450

1780 m. , in f l ower in Apr i l and f rom Augu s t t o December . The onlyvernacu l ar name recorded f or i t i s

"mbambake e bol i ki"

.

The corol l as are descr i bed as hav ing been"whi t e on Bequacal

8438, Eggel ol ng 2271 , Gheaqul éac 4299, and Gi l l e 138 and"

pal e- ros eon Lebaun 6000.

DeWi l deman (l 920 ) obs erves t hat Cet t e espece se caract ér i s enet t ement par ses cymes axi l l aires et t erminal es , f ormant , sembl e- t

i l , a l'ext rémi t é des rameau x , d

'

ampl es i nf l orescences f eu il l ées .

Par ses cymes non capi t ées , ses f l eu rs pet i t es , el l e se cl as sera i tdans l a groupe des espéces réunies par M. Baker (Fl ora of t rop. Af

r ica , V p. 293 ) s ou s l es n . 7- 20 ; l es t roi s derni eres ét ant écart éespar l a f orme cordee des f eu i l l es . Il est mal heu reu sement pl u s di ff icul e de l a cl as ser dans une des deux sect ions : Feu i l l es obl ongues(n . 7 Feu i l l es oval es , arrondies a l a base (n . l 6 - l 8) . Car ,

sur l e meme rameau , nou s observ erons des f eu i l l es : f ranchementoval es , el l i pt i q ues et memes oboval es . Il est a i sé d '

écart er t ou t eune sér ie des espéces de cet t e s u bdi v isions par l a pu bescence de

l eurs f eu i l l es . Quant au caract ere sur l eq uel M. Baker at t ire l'

at

t ent i on POUC Separer C . hcnxh ocaul c Baker , C . gl abaum Meyer , C .

uol ubl l c Pal . Beauv . et C . fict QaMum Gdrke : bas e du pét iol e per s i st ant e dans l a premi ere , i l nou s para i t de f ai bl e val eu r , car i l ex

i s t e , ent re au t res , net t ement chez l e C . vol ubi l e Pal . Beauv . , qui

en serai t pr i vé ,

"

Gi l l e descr i bes C . l axl cymoaum as a gros se l i ane dependant au

t ou r de f ort e t ronce , a aspect t ordu ; l es f l eurs cons t i t uées en

grappe sont Dort ées sur une pet i t e hampe f l oral e del aquel l e part ent

opposées deux a deux , l es pédicel l es r igou reu sement hor i zont au x de

l'ext remi t é des q uel s sort ent 5f l eure cbt e a cot e

"

. He s t at es t hatin Zaire t he s t ems are u s ed t o make l i ana br idges over s t reams . Thi sis t he only s pec ies i n t he Vcabcnaccae t hat I know of whi ch is u sedf or t hi s pu rpose .

A key t hat may prove hel pf u l t o di st ingu i s h C , l axl cymooum f romsome of it s near rel at i ves i s t he f ol l owing:

l . Leaf - bl ades always marginal ly ent ire .

2 . I nf l orescence mos t ly cau l i f l orou s at or near t he base of t he

s t ems ; l arger branches most ly very cons picuou s ly l ong- spiny ;

l eaves mos t ly gl abrou s .

474 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

3 . Inf l orescence congest ed , of t en subcapi t at e C . bot ayodca .

3a . I nf l orescence not conges t ed4 . Calyx narrow- el ongat e , 6 8 mm. l ong; l eaf - bl ades t hin

membranou s , f ragi l e in drying5 . Pet iol es al l s hort and ent irely gl abrou s , 5 - 18 mm. l ong;

calyx gl abrou s C . al l ocat ne.

5a . Pet iol es el ongat e , t o 4 cm. l ong or l onger , pu bescentat l eas t on t he u pper margin ; calyx pu beru l ent

C buchhol zl t .4a . Cal yx broadly obconic ; l eaf - bl ades somewhat l eat hery , not

f ragil e in drying C . l axl cymoaum.

2a . I nf l orescence pl ainly ax i l l ary or t erminat ing t he branchl et s . .

C . t honncal .

l a . Leaf - bl ades marginal ly more or l es s t anganyl henaa.

It s hou l d be not ed here t hat Fedde 8 Schu s t er (1927) mis-c i t e t he

t ype col l ect ion of C . l axl cymooum as c aacat"

1814 ins t ead of

dou bt l es s due t o a t ypographic error . Thomas (1936) c i t esonly Bequacaz 1844 and Pogge 1203 f rom Zaire .

Mat er ial of C . l axl cymoaum has been mi sidet ni f ied and di st r ibu

t ed in some herbaria as C . buchhol zl l Gdrke .

C i t at ions : GHANA : Vigne 4256 (Br ) . ZA I RE: Bequaenz 1844 (Brt ype , Ld -

phot o of t ype , N - f ragment of t ype , N - phot o of t ype ) ,8438 (Br ) ; t oqal éac 4299 (Br ) ; Gi l l e 138 (Br . Br . Br . Br . Br ) :Lebnan 3904 (Br , Br , N) . 3987 (Br , Br ) , 6000 (Br , Br , N) . 8072 (Br ) ,Br ) ; 8. Lemal ac 149 (Br ) ; Loul o 13592 (Br ) . 15891 (Br ) ; c l ca 80

(Br , N) . UGANDA : P. Chandl ca 1587 (N) ; Egn Al ng 2271 (Br ) .

CLERODENDRUM LAXIFLORUM J . G. Baker , Journ. Linn . Soc . Lond . Bot .

20 : 229 [ as Cl caodcndaon 1883 ; Mol d . , Revist . S udam. Bot .

8 : 170 . 1950 .

Synonymy : Cl caodcndaon l axl fil oaum J . G. Baker , Jou rn. Linn . Soc .

Lond . Bot . 20 : 229 . 1883 .

Bib1 iography : J . G. Baker , Jou rn. Linn . Soc . Lond . Bot . 20 : 229 .

1883 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Lew. , imp. l , l : 561 (1893 )and imp. 2 , 1 : 561 . 1946 ; Mol d Revist . S udam. Bot . 8 : 170 . 1950 ;Mol d . in Humbert , Fl . Madag. 174 : 154 , 223 , 225 - 227 , 266 , 8 268 ,

f ig. 36 (5 8 1956 ; Mol d Rés umé 155 , 417 , 8 451 . 1959 ; Jacks .

in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 561 . 1960 ; Mol d F i f t hSumm. l : 260 (1971 ) and 2 : 770 8 868 . 1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

249 8 539 . 1980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 58 : 189 . 1985 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Mol d . in Humbert , F1 . Madag. 174 : 223 , f ig. 36

(5 8 1 956 .

An erect s hru b or smal l t ree , t o 10 m. t al l ; branchl et s and twigsvery s l ender , obt u sely t et ragonal , more or l es s densely pu beru l entor s hor t - pu bescent , somet imes somewhat compres sed , l ent icel l at e ;l eaf - scars l arge and corky ; nodes not annu l at e ; pr inc ipal int ernodesl . 5 - 3 cm. l ong; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e or approx imat e , s hortpet iol at e ; pet iol es S l ender , 2 - 15 mm. l ong, more or l es s puberul ent ; l eaf - bl ades membranou s , brunnescent in drying, l ight er beneat h ,

el l ipt ic ,- 9 cm. l ong, l . 5 cm. wide , apical ly acu t e or

s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire , narrowed f rom t he middl e t o t he

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476 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 7

on i s not a species of Cl caodendaum, nor even verbenaceou s , but i s

scrophu l ariaceou s , probably a species of Radamaea .

CLERODENDRUM LECOMTEI Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t . 4 : 11 [ as Cl cao

dendaon 1920 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 ,

59 8 90 . 1942 .

Synonymy : Cl caodcndaon l ecomt ei Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t . 4

11 . 1920 .

Bi bl iography : Dop in Lecomt e , Not ul . Sys t . 4 : 11 . 1920 ; A . W.

Hi l l , Ind . Kew. Suppl . 6 , imp. l , 49 . 1926 ; Fedde 8 Schust . , J u s t sBot . Jahresber . 48 (l ) : 497 . . l 927 ; Dop in Lecomt e , Fl . Gén. Indochine 4 : 852 , 865 , 8 876 , f ig. 89 (l 8 1935 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr .

Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 59 8 90 . 1942 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d P1 .

Li f e 2 : 68 . 1948 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed. 2 , 136

8 182 . 1949 ; A . W. Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 6 , imp. 2 , 49 . 1959 ;Mol d . , Rés umé 175 8 451 . 1959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. l : 300 (1971 ) and

2 : 868 . 1 971 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 31 : 395 . 1975 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem.

2 : 291 , 387 , 8 539 . 1 980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 60 : 142 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Dop in Lecomt e , Fl . Gen . Indo- chine 4 : 865 , f ig.

89 (l 8 1935

A s hru b , abou t m. t al l ; branchl et s t et ragonal , canal icu l at e ,

l ight ly pu beru l ent , soon gl abrescent ; bark whi t i s h ; l eaves decu ssat e-oppos i t e ; pet iol es 5 - l omm. l ong, canal icu l at e above ; l eafbl ades obl ong or l anceol at e , 9 - 22 cm. l ong, 3 - 6 cm. wide , apical lyacuminat e , marginal ly ent ire , basal ly l ong- at t enuat e and acu t e ,

green even in drying, gl abrou s on bot h s u rf aces ; secondar ies 8 per

s ide , very s l ender , arcuat e ; vein and veinl et ret icu l at ion incon

spicuous ; panicl es racemi form, l ax , almos t l eaf l es s , s u bgl abrou s ,perhaps nu t ant , abou t 20 cm. l ong and 10 cm. wide ; peduncl es sl en

der , abou t 3 cm. l ong; cymes dense , t r ichot omou s ; bract s fol iaceou s ,

perhaps deciduou s ; bract l et s l inear , 5 mm. l ong, apical ly acu t e ;calyx spreading-campanu l at e , 4 mm. l ong, ext ernal ly l ight ly puberu

l ent , t he t u be obsol et e , t he l obes l anceol at e , basal ly 1 mm. wide ;

corol l a hypocrat er i f orm, orange-yel l ow, cm. l ong, t he t u be sl en

der , cm. l ong, recurved , t he l obes ovat e , 7 mm. l ong, api cal ly

obt u se ; s t amens s l ight ly ex sert ed ; ovary gl obose ; s tyl e s l ender ;s t igma short l y bi f id ; f ru i t not known.

Thi s Species is based on Lacoml c 8 Fi nal 24 1 8 249 f rom Lang- son,

Tonkin, Viet nam.

Dop (1920 ) comment s t hat Cet t e espece est voi s ine de l a précé

dent e [ C. Ionkl ncnac Dop] ; el l e s'en di s t ingue par l a forme des

f eu il l es et l'inf l orescence racemi forme "

. A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s hi t f rom ot her Indochinese t axa wi l l be found under C hahnl anum DOpin t he present series of not es [ 60: l 4l - l 43 ] . Not hi ng i s known t o

me of i t beyond what i s s t at ed in it s bi bl iography (above ) .

CLLRODENDRUM LEPARENSE Mold . , Phyt ol ogia 4 : 49- 50 . 1952 .

Bibl iography : Mold . , Biol . Abs t r . 26 : 1471 . 1952 ; Mol d . , Phyt olo

gia 4 : 49 - 50 . 1952 ; Mol d Resume 197 8 451 . 1959 ; G. Tayl or , Ind.

Kew. S uppl . 12 : 36. 1959 ;Mol d . , F i f t h S umm. l : 330 (1971 ) and 2 : 868 .

1971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 320 8 539. 1980 ; P. Holmgren 8 d l

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl caodcndaum 477

Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 441 . 1985 .

A t al l t ree ; only t he very smal l l eaves f rom direct ly beneat h t he

inf l orescence known , t hese l eaves have t heir pet iol es 8 - l l mm. l ong,

very dens ely yel l ow- t oment ose- pu bescent , t he bl ades chart aceou s , el

l ipt ic , l . 7 - 4 cm. l ong, 7 - l 4 mm. wide , apical ly l ong- apicu l at e ,

marginal ly ent ire , basal ly obt u se , rat her spar sely pi l osul ous above ,

more densely so on t he midr i b , rat her densely yel l ow- pu beru l ent be

neat h , es pecial l y on t he midr i b , t he apicu l um densely yel l owi s hpu beru l ent ; inf l orescence apparent ly ax il l ary , s u rpas s ing t he sub

t ending l eaves , pos si bly aggregat ed ln a dense t erminal cl u s t er ,

each cymu l e apparent l y 3- f l owered , borne on a st ou t , medu l l ose pe

duncl e which i s 3 - 5 cm. l ong and densely yel l owi s h- short - pu bescent ,

t he 3 cyme- branches are each 1 cm. l ong, t he pedicel s are abou t 1cm. l ong, exact ly s imi l ar t o t he cyme- branches in t ext u re , col or ,

and pu bescence ; calyx t u bu l ar - campanu l at e , l 3 - 15 mm. l ong, 6 - 8 mm.

wide , nigrescent , ex t ernal ly densely pi l ose-pu beru l ent , t he r im 5

l obed , t he l obes ovat e , 4 - 5 mm. l ong, apical ly at t enu at e .

Thi s poor ly known s pec i es i s based on Bunncmcl jca 24 14 f rom Lepar

i s l and , near Banka , i n t he Mol ucca I s l ands , col l ect ed on December12 , 1 917 , and depos i t ed i n t he Bu i t enzorg herbar i um. Bakhu izen , in

his rev i s ion of t hi s f ami ly i n 1 920 , annot at ed t he t ype s pecimen as

C . l anugi nooum Bl ume , f romwhi ch , however , i t di f f ers widely . In

f act , wi t h t he known mat er ial so f ragment ary , i t i s uncert ain as t o

t he exact t axonomic pos i t ion of t his pl ant . It is t o be hoped t hat

a new expedi t i on t o Lepar may produce more compl et e mat er ial .

C i t at ions : MOLUCCA I SLANDS : Lepar : Bunnemcl j ca 24 14 (Bz - l 9908

t ype , Ld - phot o of t ype , N - f ragment of t ype , N- ~

phot o of t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM LEPRIEURI Mol d Phyt ol ogia 4 : 50 . 1 952 .

Bi bl iography : Mol d Biol . Abst r . 26 : 1471 . 1952 ; Mol d Phyt ol o

gia 4 : 50 . 1952 ; Mol d Resume 135 , 136 , 8 451 . 1 959 ; G. Tayl or , Ind.

Kew. S u ppl . 12 : 36 . 1 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h Summ. l : 2 14 8 215 (1971 ) and

2 : 868 . 1 971 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 225 8 539 . 1980 .

A s hru b ; branchl et s sl ender , very obscu rel y t et ragonal , denselyf erruginou s or f u l vou s- v il l ose , more densely so on t he youngerpart s ; nodes not annu l at e ; pr inc i pal int ernodes l . 8 cm. l ong;

l eaves decu ssat e- oppos1 t e ; pet iol es medi um- s l ender , 3 - l o mm. l ong,

densely f erruginou s - v i l l ose , borne on s t i f f s pi ne- l ike s t er igmat a2 - 6 mm. l ong; l eaf

- bl ades t hin- chart aceou s , br i ght-

green above ,

l ight er beneat h , ovat e- el l ipt i c , 3 - 8 cm. l ong, 2 cm. wide ,

apical l y acuminat e , margi nal ly ent ire , basal l y rounded or cordat e ,

rat her spar sely l ong-

pi l ose above , very densel y f erruginou s - t oment OSG beneat h ; midr i b s l ender , f l at or s u bimpressed above , prominul ou s beneat h ; secondar ies s l ender , 6 - 8 per S i de , arcuat e- ascending,

f l at or su bimpres sed above , prominul ous beneat h , anast omos ing near

t he margins ; ve i nl et ret i cu l at ion rat her abundant , obscu re above ,

h idden by t he t oment um beneat h ; inf l orescence t erminal , capi t at e or

subcapi t at e , densely many- f l owered , abou t 2 cm. l ong and 2 - 3 cm.

wide ; peduncl es and i nf l orescence rami f icat i ons abbrev i at ed , dens elyf erru gi nou s - V i l l ou s ; pedicel s 1 mm. l ong or obsol et e , f erruginou sv i l l ou s ; bract l et s l inear or f i l i f orm, 5 mm. l ong or longer , v i l l ou s ;

478 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

calyx campanu l at e , abou t 3 mm. l ong, ex t ernal ly sparsely v i l l ou s ,i t s r imwi t h 4 el ongat e- f i l i f orm l obes abou t 3 mm. l ong, v i l l ou s ;corol l a abou t 1 cm. l ong, t he l imb abou t 5 mm. wide .

Thi s species is based on an unnumbered Lepr ieur col l ect ion f romt he Gambia , col l ect ed in abou t 1830 , and depos i t ed in t he S t ockholmherbar i um. The pl ant has much t he general appearance of Phamnachngaocl ada (Boj er ) Gurke f rom t he same general area .

C i t at ions : SENEGAL : Lepal ena s . n. [ 1830 ] (N. V GAMBI ALepal ena s . n. (Ld - phot o of t ype , N -

phot o of t ype , S - type ) .

CLERODENDRUM LEUCOPHLOEUM Bal f . f . , Proc . Roy . Soc . Edinb . 12 : 91

[ as Cl caodcndaon l eucophocum" sphalm] . 1884 ; A . R. Sm. , Hook .

Icon . P1 . 37 [ ser . 5 , pl . 3691 . 1971 .

Synonymy : Cl caodcndaon l cucophocum Bal f . f . . PPOC ROY SOC Ed

inb . 12 : 91 s phalm. 1884 . Cl ej todcndaon l eucophlocum Bal f . f . , Trans .

Roy . Soc . Edinb . 31 : 236 . 1888 .

Bi bl iography : Bal f . f . , Proc . Roy . Soc . Edinb . 12 : 91 . 1884 ; Bal f .

f Trans . Roy . Soc . Edinb . 31 : 236 - 237 . 1888 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8

Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 1 , 1 : 561 imp. 2 , l : 561 and

imp. 3 , l : 561 . 1960 ; Anon. , Kew Rec . Tax . Li t . 270 . 1971 ; A . R.

Sm. , Hook . Icon . P1 . 37 [ ser . 5 , pl . 3691 . 1971 ; Anon . , As soc .

Et ud . Tax . Fl . Af r . Tr0 p. Ind . 1971 : 57 . 1972 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol . Mem.

2 : 253 , 387 , 8 539 . 1 980 .

I l l u s t rat ions : A . R. Sm. , Hook . Icon. P1 . 37 [ ser . 5 , pl .

3691 . 1971 .

A s t rong- smel l ing, of t en s t unt ed s hru b or smal l t ree , t o m.

t al l , dichot omou s ly branched ; bark whi t e , l ent icel l at e ; t he u l t imat ebranchl et s angu l at e , f u l vou s - t oment ose , t he t erminal ones

'

el ongat e ,

t he l at eral ones of t en cont ract ed ; l eaves smal l , decu s sat e- Oppos i t e ;pet iol es t o 8 mm. l ong, pu bescent ; l eaf - bl ades t hinly membranou s ,obl ong- el l ipt ic or el l ipt ic- obovat e t o obovat e , l . 6 cm. l ong,

O. 8 - 3 cm. wide , apical ly obt u se or rarely s u bacu t e or emarginat e ,

marginal ly ent ire , basal ly at t enuat e or cuneat e , spar sely gl andu l arpu beru l ent above , pu bescent beneat h , becoming gl abrescent , nigres

cent above in drying; inf l orescence ax i l l ary t oward t he t ips of t he

branchl et s , cymose , mos t ly 3- f l owered , l ong- peduncu l at e , oppos i t e ,

bract eose and bract eol ose ; peduncl es t o 3 cm. l ong, pu bescent , ar

t icul at e above t he middl e and b ibract eol at e ; bract s and bract l et sl - 2 mm. l ong, pu bescent ; f l ower s pedicel l at e ; pedicel s abou t 3 mm.

l ong; calyx campanu l at e , 5- l obed , t he t u be 2 mm. l ong, t he lobes 1mm. l ong. apical ly obt u s e , densely pu bescent ; corol l a hypocrat er i

form, whi t e or whi t i s h , somewhat zygomorphic , t he t u be 5 mm. l ong,

inf l at ed , ex t ernal ly gl abrou s , i nt ernal ly pu beru l ent at t he mou t h ,

t he l imb 5- 1obed , t he pos t er ior l obe cucu l l at e-cres t ed and 7 mm.

l ong, t he remainder 6 mm. l ong; s t amens 4 . insert ed in t he corol l a

t u be , l . 9 - 2 cm. l ong; ant her s mm. l ong, verrucu l ose ; s tyl ecm. l ong; s t igma b i f id ; ovary 2 mm. l ong, dark- green , 4 - l obed , gl ab

rou s ; f ru it ing- calyx conspicuou s ly accrescent and s preading; f r u i tdru paceou s , nodding, somewhat f l es hy , abou t 1 cm. wide , 4 - l obed , t he

endocarp t h in , cru s t aceou s .

Th is endemic s pec i es was def ini t ely based by Bal f ou r (1884 ) on

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480 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 . No . 7

Vofikamgni a l iguat at na (R. Br . ) Jacq . ex Mil l sp. , Fiel d Col umb . Mus .

Pu bl . Bot . l : 316 . 1896 . Cl caodcndaon mexi canum T . S . BrandegUni v . Cal i f . Pu bl . Bot . 3 : 39 . 1909 . Cl caodcndaon acul eat um (nonL . ) Mil l sp. ex S t andl Fiel d Mus . Pu bl . Bot . 3 : 400 in syn . 1930

[ not Cl caodcndaum acul eat um (L . ) Schl echt Val hamena

zzgnaznzna Jacq , ex Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 53 in syn .

1940 . Cl caoa daam l t guat nt num (Jacq , ) R. 8 S . ex Mol d . , Prel im.

Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 23 in syn . 1940 . Cl caodcndaon l t gaot at num

(Jacq . ) Roem. 8 Schu l t . ex Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 20in syn . 1940 . Cl cnodcndAum l t guatnt num L . ex Mol d Fi f t h S umm. 1

463 in syn. 1 971 . Vol kamcat a l t guat al na var . l ongt fiol t a Gmel . ex

Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 462 in syn . 1980 . Cl caodcndaon l t ngul t at num

(Jacq . ) Roem. 8 Schu l t . , in herb .

Bibl iography : Ai t . , Hort . Kew. , ed . 1 , 2 : 364 . 1789 ; Jacq . , Col

l ect . Bot . S uppl . 1 18 - l l 9 , pl . 5 , f ig. l . 1796 ; Wi l l d . in L . , Sp.

Pl . , ed . 4 [ 5 ] , J3 (l ) : 383 . 1800 ; Poir . in Lam. , Encycl . Met h . Bot .

8 : 689 . 1808 ; Wi l l d . , Enum. Pl . Hort . Berol . 2 : 658 . 1809 ; R. Br . in

Ai t . , Hort . Kew. , ed . 2 4 : 64 . 1812 ; A . P. DC. , Cat . Pl . Hort . Bot .

Monsp. 71 . 1813 ; Des f Tabl . Ecol . Bot . Mus . Hi s t . Nat . , ed . 2 , 64 .

1815 ; Per s . , Sp. Pl . 3 : 363 . 1819 ; S t eud . Nom. Bot . Phan . , ed . 1 ,

207 8 890 . 1821 ; Link , Enum. Hort . Berol . 2 : 122 . 1822 ; Spreng. in

L . , Sys t . Veg. , ed . 16 , 2 : 758 . 1825 ; Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 1 , 2

322 . 1827 ; Loud . , Encycl . Pl . 522 . 1829 ; Loud Hort . Bri t . , ed . 1 ,

247. 1830 ; Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 2 , 415 . 1830 ; Drapiez , Herb .

Amat . Fl . 5 : pl . 323 . 1831 ; Loud . , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 2 , 247 . 1832 ;Bojer , Hort . Maur i t . 255 . 1837 ; G. Don in Loud . , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 3 ,

247 . 1839 ; G. Don in Sweet , Hort . Br i t . , ed . 3 , 549 . 1839 ; S t eud . ,

Nom. Bot . Phan. , ed . 2 , l : 383 . 1840 ; D. Di et r . , Syn . Pl . 3 : 615 .

1842 ; Voigt , Hort . S u burb . Calcut . 473 . 1845 ; Wal p. , Repert . Bot .

Sys t . 4 : 101 8 111 . 1845 ; Schau . in A . DC. , Prodr . 11 : 657 8 660 .

1847 ; Buek , Gen . Spec . Syn. Candol l . 3 : 106 8 503 . 1858 ; Bent h . in

Bent h . 8 Hook . f . , Gen. Pl . 2 1156 . 1876 J . E. Gonzal ez , Re

v i s t . Cient i f . Mex . l 17. 1881 ; Hensl Biol . Cent .- Amer . 2

540 . 1882 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 561 .

1893 ; Ses se 8 Moc . , Fl . Mex . , ed. 2 , 151 - l 52 . 1894 ; Bri q . in Engl .

8 Prant l , Nat . Pf l anzenf am. , ed . 1 , 4 (3a ) : 175 . 1895 ; Jacks . in

Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind. Kew. , imp. 1 , 2 : 1219 . 1895 ; Mil l sp. , Fiel d

Col umb . Mus . Pub1 . Bot . l : 316 . 1896 ; Hdck , J u s t s Bot . Jahresber . 23

76 . 1897 ; Koehne , Ju s t s Bot . Jahresber . 23 628 . 1897 ;

Mi l l sp. , F iel d Col umb . Mus . Publ . Bot . 1 : 386 . 1898 ; 0 . Ramirez ,

Veg. Mex . 110 . 1899 ; T. S . Brandeg. , Univ . Cal i f . Pu bl . Bot . 3 : 391 .

1909 ; Loe s . , Verhandl . Bot . Ver . Brandenb . 53 : 81 . 1912 ; Prain,

Ind. Kew. S uppl . 4 , imp. l , 50 . 1913 ; P. C . S t and1 . , Cont rib . U. S .

Nat . Herb . 23 : 1252 . 1924 ; P. C . S t andl Fiel d Mus . Pu bl . Bot . 3

400 . 1930 ; S t apf , Ind . Lond . 2 : 239 . 1930 ; Roys , Tu l ane Uni v . Mid .

Amer . Res . Ser . Publ . 2 : [ Et hno- Bot . Maya ] 248 8 319 . 1931 ; Mol d

Bri t t onia l : 472 . 1934 ; Lundel l , Carnegie I ns t . Was h . Pu bl . 478 : 25 ,

26 , 75 , 138 , 183 , 8 203 . 1937 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Comm. Vern. Names16 , 22 , 8 28 . 1939 ; Mol d . , Geogr . Dist rib . Avicenn . l 4 - l 7 8 37.

1939 ; Mol d . , Carnegie I ns t . Wash . Pu bl . 522 : 211 - 213 . 1940 ; Mol d

Prel im. Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names l 9 - 21 , 23 , 8 53 . 1940 ; Mol d. , S uppl .

1987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl caodcndnum 481

Li s t Inv . Names 10 8 11 . 1941 ; Lundel l , Cont r i b . Uni v . Mich . Herb .

8 : 61 . 1942 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Inv . Names 3 , 16 - 19 , 2 1 , 8 56 . 1942 ;Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 ,

72 , 8 90 . 1942 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 2 : 100 . 1945 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8

Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , 1 : 561 (1946) and imp. 2 , 2 : 1219 . 1946 ;Mol d Al ph. Li s t Ci t . l : 5 , 38 , 100 , 193 , 198 , 201 , 218 , 227 - 229 ,

231 , 232 , 240 , 251 - 253 , 290 , 299 , 300 , 306 , 310 , 8 315 2

327 , 328 , 330 , 333 , 334 , 336 , 337 , 339 , 340 , 343 , 345 , 349 , 350 , 357 ,

4l 7 - 419 , 423 , 425 , 426 , 428 , 429 , 459 , 475 , 499 , 500 , 502 , 578 .

587 , 8 603 3 : 656 , 659 , 664 , 666 , 676 , 677 , 694 , 714 , 768 ,

785 , 786 , 795 , 834 , 835 , 906 , 907 , 918 , 919 , 925 , 8 964 and

4 : 999 , 1019 , 1023 , 1026 , 1 028 , 1031 , 1038 , 1051 , 1053 - 1055 , 1070 ,

1099 , 1131 , 1235 , 1239 , 1242 , 8 1297 . 1949 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Di s

t rib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 29 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 159 , 8 182 . 1949 ; Mat uda ,

Amer . Midl . Nat . 44 : 576 . 1950 ; Prain, Ind. Kew. S uppl . 4 , imp. 2 ,

50 . 1958 ; Mol d . , Rés umé 35 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 216 , 230 , 259 , 262 , 263 ,

266 , 273 , 391 , 392 , 8 451 . 1959 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks Ind .

Kew. , imp. 3 , l : 561 (1960) and imp. 3 , 2 : 1219 . 1960 ; Mol d . , Rés uméS uppl . 13 : 6 . 1 966 ; Thom, Journ. Ecol . 55 : 315 8 320 . 1967 ; Mol d

Rés umé - S u ppl . l 6 : 4 (1968) and 17 : 2 . 1968 ; Gi bson, Fie1diana Bot .

24 193 8 194 , f ig. 36 . 1970 ; Mol d F i f t h S umm. l : 69 , 79 , 81 ,

90 , 359 , 439 , 443 , 445 , 449 , 450 , 8 463 (1971 ) and 2 : 732 , 733 , 8

868 . 1971 ; Mol d . in Woodson , Schery , 8 al . , Ann. Mo . Bot . Gard . 60

138 8 l 43 - 145 . 1973 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 28 : 449 . 1974 ; Mol ina R

Cei ba 19 : 96 . 1975 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 34 : 280 (1976) and 36 : 30 8

48 . 1977 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 61 , 71 , 74 , 78 , 83 , 349 , 392 , 461 ,

462 , 8 539. 1 980 ; F. C . Seymour , Phyt ol . Mem. 1 : 242 . 1980 ; H. N. 8

A . L . Mol d . in Dassan . 8 Fosb Rev . Handb . Fl . Ceyl . 4 : 431 . 1 983

Raj , Rev . Pal aeobot . Palyn. 39 : 358 8 374 . 1983 ; P . Holmgren 8 al

Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 441 . 1985 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 400 8

404 59 : 469 60 : 182 , 282 , 361 , 8 495 and 61

101 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Jacq . , Col l ect . Supp1 . 118 , pl . 5 , f ig. l . 1796 ;Drapiez , Herb . Amat . Fl . 5 : pl . 323 ( in col or ) . 1831 ; Gi bson, Fiel d

iana Bot . 24 194 , f ig. 36. 1 970 .

A regu l ar , weak s hru b , O. S - 3 m. t al l , or smal l , l ow, erect ,

Shru bby t ree , 4 - 5 m. t al l , somet imes cl amber ing or v ine- l ike , wide

ly branched ; branchl et s l ong, s l ender , very obt u s ely t et ragonal or

s u bt eret e , t he young ones browni s h , t he ol der ones l ight - gray , con

spicuously l ent icel l at e , t he younges t minu t ely pu beru l ent , t he ol der

very minu t ely s t r igi l l ose or gl abrou s , somet imes very obscurelyspinu l ose ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e , very var iabl e in s ize and

s hape ; pet iol es very s l ender , 5 - 9 mm. l ong, minu t ely pu beru l ent ,

somet imes art icu l at e and obscurely s pinescent at t he base ; l eafbl ades chart aceou s or membranou s , el l ipt ic or el l ipt ic- obl ong t o

el l ipt ic- l anceol at e or l anceol at e ,- 1O cm. l ong, O. 6 - 5 . l cm.

wide , apical ly acu t e or occas i onal ly s u bacuminat e , marginal ly en

t ire , basal ly acu t e or s u bacuminat e , gl abrou s on bot h s urf aces or

under a handl ens obscurely pu beru l ent on t he midr i b and l arger venat ion, densely punct at e beneat h ; inf l orescence s upra- ax i l l ary or

rarely t erminal , cymose , t he cymes sol i t ary , oppos i t e , 3 cm.

l ong, 2 - 7 cm. wide , l ax ly f ew- f l owered , u s ual ly only 3 or 4- f l ow

482 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

ered , of t en twice dichot omou s and t hen 7- f l owered , t he t erminal ones(when present ) s imi l ar but u s ual ly smal l er ; peduncl es widely di var icat e , very s l ender , l . 5 - 4 cm. l ong, shor t er t han t he s u bt endingl eaf , minu t ely pu beru l ent or subgl abrat e ; bract s f ew, fol iaceou s ,s t i pi t at e , l - l . 5 cm. l ong, 3 - 6 mm. wide , caducou s , minu t ely pu berul ent or gl abrat e , punct at e beneat h ; bract l et s and prophyl l a l inear ,

l - 6 mm. l ong, pu beru l ent ; pedicel s el ongat e , very s l ender , 3 - 6 mm.

l ong, pu beru l ent , in f ru i t t o 13 mm. l ong; calyx campanu l at e , 6 - 8

mm. l ong, deepl y 5- f id , ex t ernal ly vi l l osul ous , t he l obes l anceol at eor del t oid , apical ly acu t e or acuminat e , marginal ly ci l iat e ; corol l a

hypocrat er i f orm, whi t e or very pal e-yel l ow, t he t u be narrow-cyl in

dr ic , s t raight , l - l . 2 cm. l ong, s l ight ly ampl iat e at t he mou t h , t he

l imb spreading, 5 - l obed , t he l obes s u beq ual , s hort er t han t he t u be ;s t amens l ong- ex sert ed , invol u t e in bud ; f i l ament s whi t e ; ant her sbrown or purpl e ; s t yl e eq ual ing t he s t amens ; s t igma bi f id ; ovary 4

s u lcat e ; f ru i t dru paceou s , green , drying brown when mat u re , l

cm. l ong and wide when mat u re , ext ernal ly smoot h , spl i t t ing int o two

2 - seeded pyrenes at mat ur i t y .

Jacq u in (1796) or i ginal ly descr ibed t hi s - species , in error , f romMaur i t i u s , but on t he bas i s of mat er ial cu l t i vat ed in his greenhou sein Vienna , Au s t r ia . He comment s t hat i t

"Di f f ert a Vol kamcat a i nca

ml , vi l l osi t at e pet iol orum peduncu l orum 8 calycis , brev i t at e t u bicorol l ae , t um f igura fol iorum, 8 f i l ament orumcol ore

". In case

t here may be some q u es t ion as t o t he t rue ident i ty of hi s pl ant

[ vi s- a- vi s C . hct caophyl l um (Vent . ) R. Br . nat i ve t o Mau ri t i u s ] , hi sor iginal descr ipt ion is reproduced herewi t h : Cresci t in ins u l aMaur i t i i . In cal dar i is nost r is f l oret J u l io , f ruct esc i t Novembr i .

Truncu s arboreu s , carpum cras s u s , cinereu s , t eres , erect u s , decempedal i s , s uperne in ramos l ongos 8 subdivisos pat ens , a pet iol orumart icul i s superst it i bus t ubercul at os q u idam, at minime spinosos .

Fol ia omnia oppos i t a , nu l l a t erna , l anceol at a , ut r inque acu t a , in

t egerr ima , ad oras 8 nervummedi um per l ent em obi t er vi l l osul a ,

caet erum gl aberr ima , duas t resve unc ias l onga cum pet iol o vi l l osul o

8 brevi t er ad bas in art icul at o . Peduncu l i ax i l l ares , sol i t ar i i ,

t eret es , vi l l osul i , grac i l es , fol l i s breviores , t res quat uorve

f l ores pedicel l at os sust inent es , saepe bis dichot omi 8 sic sept emf l or i . Bract eol ae ad pedicel l os minut issimae , vi l l osae . Calycis

v i l l os i l ac iniae semiovat ae , acut ae , 8 c i l iat ae . Corol l a cum al i

qua f l avedine al ba , l imbo t u bo haud mu l t um s uperant e . F i l ament aal ba . Fruct u s magni t udine c icer i s , f uscescent es , pu l pa pauca mol l i8 f at ua . Semina b i l ocul ar ia . Et al ia gener i s .

"Diet r ich (1842 )

al so credi t s t he s pec ies t o t he Mascarene I s l and Ins . Mascar .

Cl caodcndaam l t gaot at num act ual ly appears t o be nat i ve f rom nort h

ern Mex ico t o Panama . Col l ect ors have found i t growing in t hicket s ,al ong roads ides , on t he banks of creeks and r i ver s (even

“

overhanging t he in mars hes and swamps , on nat u ral l evees , in beach

r idge f ores t s , high f ores t s , and secondary l ow fores t s , in cl eared

f ores t areas and open grazed areas , in l agoons , on inundat ed l and ,on

mar s hy l ake s hores , in l i t t oral hab i t at s , at t he margin of woodl and ,

i n hi gh evergreen or s u bevergreen woods , in s andy bu s hy areas and a

mong secondary veget at i on , i n t he open sun i n rocky- s andy soi l ,

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484 P H Y T O L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

cout ré : son t u be est a peu t roi s foi s pl u s l ong que l e cal ice , dc

mo i t ie moins l ong que cel u i du Vol kameat a t nenmt s . Les f i l amenssont bl ancs 8 non de cou l eur purpur ine ; l es ant heres brunes 8 non

v iol et t es .

“

Bent ham (1876) pl aces C . l t gust at num in t he group of Vol kameat a .

where i t cert ainly bel ongs i f habi t means anyt hing. He says :"

Vol

hamet t a , Linn. , incl usi t Species pl ures charact ere vago a Cl eaoden

dao separat es , ab auct or i bus recent iori bus ad V. acul eat um l imi t at ur , spec iem habi t u pl er isque not i s C . t neAml . C . l t guat at no al l i sque af f inem sed pyreni s per par i s cohaerent ibus ; in C . t nenmt t amenal i isque Speciebus pyrenae per par ia arot a cont iguae s unt , dum in

al i i s l acunis v . mesocarpio s uccoso pl u sminu s seperat ae , et Gr i sebach in F1 . Br i t . W. Ind . 500 apt ius V. acul eat em cumcaet er i s Vol

kameat t a Cl eaodendao adjunxi t .

“

He goes on t o incl ude t he genu s Toaaeya of Sprengel here , t oo ,

saying:"

Tonnaya , Spreng. Neue Ent d . i i . 121 , est ex Arn . in Ann .

Nat . Hist . ser . 1 , i . 130 . Cl eaodendat Spec ies ex I ndia occident al i

nec a Bra s i l ia et ex descr . Sprengel i i fort e a C . l t gust nt na , Br . ,

pl ant a Me x icana non di versa . On t he cont rary , I have examined t he

t ype specimen and i t proves t o be C . vol ubl l e P . Beauv . , which see .

Boj er (1837) regarded C . l i guotnt num as a synonym of t he nat i veC . het eaophyml um (Vent . ) R. Br . of Maur i t i u s and t hi s i s of int er

est in v iew of Jacquin‘s and Sweet ' s opinion t hat C . l t gust ht num

came int o cu l t i vat ion f romMaur i t i u s . If t he t wo names s hou l d provet o be synonymou s , t hen C . cul inaae of Ses se 8 Moc ino wou l d be t he

proper name f or t he New Worl d pl ant . Gonzal es (1881 ) ident i f iesVol kameat a . l t guat at na wi t h V. t neamt s L .

Ses se 8 Mocino (1894 ) report t hat t he l eaves of Cl eacdendAum

l i guat nt num are u sed in Mex ico by t he nat i ves t o f l avor f i sh , f orming t he bas i s f or t heir use of t he epi t het

"

cul i nane"for t he spec

ies . Thi s cu l inary use is ver i f ied by Lundel lRoys (1931 ) s t at es t hat t hi s i s A pl ant wi t h wh ich t he I ndian

women season posol e , camot e- s t ew and ot her Maya t extprescr ibes t he boi l ed l eaves as a was h for snake- bi t es .

“

As indicat ed above , C . l t gust nt num i s t ypi f ied by a s pecimen cul

t ivat ed in Vienna . The t ype of C . mext canum T . S . Brandeg. was col

l ect ed by C . A . Purpus (no. 3336) at Sant a Luc ia , in t he v icini t y of

San Lu i s Tul t i t l anapa , Puebl a , near Oaxaca , Mex ico , in January ,

1908 and is depos i t ed in t he Uni vers i ty of Cal i fornia herbar i um at

Berkel ey . It di f f ers s l ight ly f rom t he common f orm of C . l t guot at

num in hav ing l ight er and br ight er l eaf- bl ades when pres sed and

dr ied . Cl eaodendaon éoat unat um Ses se 8 Moc. seems t o be based on Sea

se, Mocino , Cast il lo, 8 Mal donado 2182 f rom f iel ds at Tehuacan.

Puebl a . Cl eaodendaon cul t naae Ses se 8 Moc . is t ypi f ied by a drawingon Macbat de phot os 30831 .

The so- cal l ed Vol kament a l l gusznl na var . aot undt gol t a Gmel . is a

synonym Of Cl enodendaum t neame f . panvt gol t um Mol d .

LeSueua 548 appear s t o represent a very narrow and smal l - l eavedformof C . l t gusznl num S imi l arly , t he Fendl er specimens f rom Pa

nama are anomal ou s in t heir very smal l , di s t inct ly acuminat e l eaf

bl ades and may pos s i bly represent a di s t inct formor var iet y . Smal l

1987 Mol denke , Not es on Cl eaodendaum 485

l eaved specimens of C . l t gust nt num are , indeed , not uncommon, but

not wi t h t he l eaf - bl ades so acuminat e at t he apex .

For t he record , t he or iginal descr ipt ion of some of t he import antconspeci f ic synonyms are reproduced here(l ) Ci enodendaon mext canum T . S . Brandeg. Fru t ex , rami s v ir i

di bus , novel l is pubescent i bus : f ol i is ovat o- acuminat i s , bas i cuneat i s , int egris s upra gl abr i s , subt us dense minu t e f ur f uracei s , 8 cm.

l ongi s , 4 cm. l at i s ; f l or i bus cymoso- panicul at i s ex axi l l is fol iorums uper iorum: calyce campanu l at o , 3 mm. l ongo , 5- f ido , l obi s 5 del t oi

dei s : corol l ae t u bo t enui t er cyl indraceo rect o , ad f aucem l ev i t erampl iat o ; circa 12 mm. l ongo ; l imbo pat ent i 5

- f ido , l obi s subaequal

i bu s : st amini bus 4 l ongo exsert i s , in al abas t ro invol ut i s : s t yl ost aminibus aequant i 2- f ido : ovar io 4- sul cat o . Fruct u s ignot u s . The

dr ied specimens indicat e t hat t he pet al s are whi t e and t he ant hers

purpl e . No. 3336 . [ Not e t he s t at ement t hat t he l eaf - bl ades are

densely f ur f u raceou s beneat h l ](2 ) Cl eaodendaum cul t naae Ses se 8 Moc . Cl enodendaon f ol i i s

oval i bus , acut i s , int egerr imi s . E.M. Cau l i s f ru t escens , sesquiorgy

am l ongu s , obt u s e angu l at u s , gl aberr imus . Rami oppos i t i , cau l is imi l es . Fol ia oppos i t a , oval ia , acu t a , acuminat a , int egerr ima ,

ut rinque gl abra , brev i ss ime pet iol at a . Racemi ax i l l ares , sol i t ar i i ,

dichot omi , pat ent issimi . Peduncu l u s communi s compressus , pet iol o

dupl o l ongior , part ial es f i l i formes , t r i f l or i , unicus uni f l oru s indichot omia . Bract eae opposi t ae , l ineares , erect ae . Fl ores candi

dissimae , el egant es . Habi t at in mexicani s arenosis l i t or i bus . Fl o

ret Novembr i . h. Us u s . Fol ia pi scibus condiendi s adhibent ur non

ingrat o sapore .

"

(3 ) Cl eaodendaon float unatum Ses se 8 Moc . Cl eaodendaon fol i i s

l anceol at is , int egerr imi s . Calyx : per iant hi ummonophyl l um, campanul at um, ore part i t o l acini is ovat i s , acut i s , pat ent issimi s , pers i st ens . Corol l a monopet al a , r ingens . Tu bu s l ongi s s imu s , subincurva

ascendent i bus . S t amina t u bi insert a , corol l a t r ipl o

l ongiora ; q uorum duo breviora . Ant herae s impl ices . Pi st i l l um.

Germen subrot undum; s tyl u s f i gura , s i t u et l ongi t udine st aminum;s t igma bi f idum l acini i s acut is .

f ru t icos u s , obt u se angu l at u s , scaber , sesquiul nam l ongu s . Ramit erni , pat ent es , gl aberr imi . Fol ia oppos i t a , l anceol at a , int egerr i

ma , ut r inque gl abra , brevi t er pet iol at a . Peduncu l i ex summis fol i

orum axi l l is , subsexf l or i , erect i , fol l i s pau l o breviores . Bract eae

subul at ae , ad bas im pedicel l orum. Fl ores al bi , el egant es , ins ipidi ,

inodori . Habi t at in Tehuacani agr i s . Fl oret J unio .

(4 ) Cl eaodendaon t neaml s Sessé 8 Moc . Vol hameaaa rami s inermi bus . Calyx : per iant hi ummonophyl l um, campanu l at um, semiquinquef idum l acini is acut i s , aequal i bus . Corol l a monopet al a , inaequal ia .

Tu bu s t enu i s , l ongu s . Limbu s 5- f idus , l acini i s obl ongis , s uper iori bu s pau l o brevior i bus , prof undior i bus . S t amina . Fi l ament a q uat uor ,

f i l i formia , l ongi s s ima , ascendent ia . Ant herae obl ongae , incumbent es . Pi st i l l um. Germen quadrangul are ; s t yl u s f i l i f ormi s , ascendens ,parum st amini bus brevior ; s t igma bi f idum, acu t um. Per icarpi um.

Bacca s u brot unda , bi l ocu l ar i s , quadri sul cat a . Semina bina , obl onga .

Radix f i brosa , perenni s , hor izont al i s . Cau l es numeros i , sesquido

drant al es , ramosi ssimi . Rami oppos i t i , t eret es , gl abr i . Fol ia op

486 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

posi t a , ovat a , serrat a , gl abra . Pet i ol i brev i ssimi . Peduncu l i ax

i l l ares , inf er i ores uni f l or i , s u per i ores t r i f l or i , l ongi t udinem f o

l i orum. Bract eae set aceae . Corol l ae al bae , nonni l subroseae , Jas

mi num redol ent es , Cl eaodendao goat unat o s imi l es . Baccae magni t udine Pi s i , t et raspermae . Hab i t at in ar i dis Tehuacani . Fl oret J uni o .

(D. [ Not e t he st at ement t hat t he l eaf - bl ades are serrat e and t hat

t he pl ant i s an annual ] .

For Cl eaodendaum l t gustnt num Mi l l spaugh (1898 ) ci t es Gaume ; 736 8

875 and Sohozz 27 f rom Yucat én ; Loesener (1912 ) ci t es Sal es 1896

f rom Chiapas ; Lundel l (1 942 ) ci t es Mat ada 3168 8 3169 f rom Tabasco ;and Mat uda (l 950 ) c i t es Mat ada 17323.

Mat er ial of C . l t gust at num has been misident i f ied and di s t r i bu t edin some herbar ia as C . acul eat um (L . ) Gr i seb C . acul eat um (L . )Sch l echt Vol kameat a acul eat a L V. t neamt s L . , Aegt pht l a pal udosa

T . S . Brandeg. , and Rubt a ceae. On t he ot her hand , t he Baeedl ove 8

Thonne 20913 and wedel 67, 1955, 8 2732, di s t r i bu t ed as t ypical C .

l t gust at num, act u al ly are i t s var . nt caaaguense Mol d Al exandea 248

i s var . pal udosum (T . S . Brandeg. ) Mol d , and Fl echea s . n. and Mchb .

Hoat . Bot . Imp. Pet . Mag. s . n. are C . het eaOphyl l um (Vent . ) R. Br .

It s hou l d be ment i oned t hat t he l abel s accompanying E. P. Johnson

12 8 63 are inscr i bed “Yucat an and Tabasco

"

, but t he pl ant s wereapparent l y col l ect ed on t he banks of t he Rio Pal izado in Campeche ;Kanwt nsht 704 , c i t ed bel ow as f romQueret aro , may act ual ly have been

col l ect ed in Hidal go t he l abel i s inscr ibed"ent re Cazadero 8

Met a de St . J uan".

C i t at ions : MEXI CO: Campeche : Gol dman 446 (W E. P. John

son 12 (C , K ) , 63 (C , K ) ; Maaaoqut n 140 ( 1p) ; St eene 1912 (F - 668821 ,

Mi ) . Chiapas : Lt nden s . n. [ Chiapas , Mars 1840 ] (Cb , P) ; Sel ea 8 Se

l ea 1896 (B) ; Sohns 1655 (Ba - 388915 . Cd - 43979 , Mi , N) . OaxacaE. J . Al exanden 248 (Ld , N) ; Gal eot t t s . n. [Oaxaca ] (V, V) ; R. M.

82 49 1982 (Au - 186273 , Mi ) ; Ll . wt l l t ams 8470 (Mi ) . Puebl a : Panpas3336 (B , Bm, Ca - 125372 , E - 118867 , Ed , F - 244046 , G, Ld - phot o , N,

N -phot o , P , W Sesse, Moct no, Cast l l l o, 8 Mal donado 2182

(F - 847137 , Ld - phot o , N -phot o , O, O) . s .n. [Macbr ide phot os 30831 ]

(F - 929248 , Ld -phot o , N -

phot o , Ur -

phot o) . Querét aro : Kamot nshl704 (L , L , N) , 704b (L ) . Qu int ana Roo : Davi dse, Sousa ,

Chat ea , 8

Cabaeaa 20223 (E Tabasco : Banl aw (Ws ) , (Mi ,Ws ) ; Cal zada 2338 (N) ; Mat uda 3188 (F - 1026897 , Mh , Mi , N) , 3189 (F1026889 , Mh , M1 , N) ; Rout aosa 119 (D, K , W - 4ol 72 , W Se

l ea 8 Sel en 5439 [ 359 ] (B. B) ; R. 0 . west (Ws) , (Ws ) .

Tamau l i pa s : 181 (8 5 B, B : 8m, Cb , Cb : Cb , Cb , DC , E"

118690 , L , P, P, P, S , V , V, V, X) ; Edw. Palmea 186(Bm, E - 778771 ,

F - 436228 , G, Gg- 32042 , K, N, W Veracru z : Beaman 5645

(Ld) ; Cal zada 547 (v - 2790275 , W Doaant es Lopez 58 (Ac ) ;Fabenge s .n. [ Laguna Encant ada , 8 Jan . 1971 ] (Au Ft nch 1

( K ) ; Hahn 147 (P, P) . s . n. [ 9 Avr i l l 866 ] (P) . s . n. [ Tl aCat al pan](G, K, L ) ; LeSueaa 548 (Au , F - lOO3675 , Tu Lt ebmann 11196

(Cp, W - l 315038 ) . 1 1 197 (Cp, W 1 1198 (Cp. W

Manqoez 8 Doaant es 27 (N) ; E. 0 . Nel son 489 (W Edm. Palmea

407 (Bm, Cb , E - 777733 , G, Gg - 32036 , K, N, W 450 (E778663 , F - 436406 , Gg

- 34498 , K, N,W Panons 8805 (Cd

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488 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . No . 7

escape f romcu l t i vat ion growing among l ow second growt h in f u l ls unl ight in ol d diamet er of t he s t ems near t he ir

base l t o 2 cm s t ems many f rom t he same bas e , erect , arcuat eou t ward , cyl indr ical , , t he branches minu t ely f u rrowed vert ical ly ,

gray-whi t e , spar sely branched , t he branches general ly oppos it e , ar

cuat ely curved downward or s t i f f and s t raight , cyl indr ic , l ight

gray- green in col or , wi t h many minu t e rai sed l ent icel s , t he l eave s

oppos i t e in whorl s , seemingly 4- ranked , smoot h , du l l dark- green a

bove , l ight er green beneat h , t he f l ower s whi t e , on ax ial cymes near

t he apices of t he branches , t he f ru i t 4-cel l ed , green , obl at e- spheroid . [ Grows in] Societ y [wi t h ] most ly herbs and gras s es .

Col l ect or s have encount ered t he pl ant in dense wet fores t s , on

ext ens i ve sand- dunes , and around roads ide ponds , f rom seal evel t o

l lOO m. al t i t ude , in ant hes i s f rom December t o March and Ju ly t o

Oct ober , and in f ru i t in December . S t andl ey report s i t rare in

Chinandega . The corol l as are descr ibed as whi t e"on al l t he Breed

l ove 8 Thorne , St andl ey , and Wedel col l ect ions ci t ed bel ow, but on

LeudA 8 al . 998 t he f l ower s are said t o have been brown"

and t he

f ru i t yel l ow- brown t here are no corol l as or f ru i t on t he spec i

men examined , but t here are brown f ru i t ing- calyxes .

Vernacu l ar names recorded for t hi s pl ant are"

Jasmin si memiras " , and

“

si me miras t e enamoras " .

The Lindsey col l ect ion , c i t ed below, i s anomal ou s in hav ing oppo

s ide l eaves , many of which have a pair of coarse t eet h t he dis

t ance t o t he apex f rom t he base .

Mat er ial of t hi s t axon has mos t ly been ident i f ied and di s t r ibu t edin herbar ia as t ypical C . Ciguazni num (Jacq . ) R. Br .

C i t at ions : MEXI CO: Chiapas : Bneadi oue 8 Thonne 20913 (Ld , Mi ) .

NI CARAGUA : Chinandega : P. c. St andzeg 1 1488 (N) ; E. wazz 6 . n. [ Corint o , (Ew, Ew) . Managua : Cha0 28 227 (Ld -

phot o of t ype ,

N -

phot o of t ype , S -phot o of t ype , N - 1266749 - t ype ) . Zel aya : Eng

zeai ng 120 (F - 572529 , N, N, Y) . Corn I s l and : F . C . Seymoua 44 11

(Ld) . PANAMA : Bocas del Toro : Lewio,Dwyen,

El i aa , 8 Robcnt aon 998

(N) . Canal Zone : 0 . R. Lindaay 395 (Ba , F Col on I s l andmedez 67 (E Ol d Bank I s l and : wedcfi 1955 (EShepherd I s l and : wadaz 2732 (E CULTI VATED: Cos t a RiCa

Tonduz 129 (B , Ld - phot o , N - phot o , S -phot o) . Honduras : P. C .

St andi ey 24599 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM LIGUSTRINUM var . PALUDOSUM (T . S . Brandeg. ) Mol d . , Ge

ogr . Dist r i b . Avicenn. I4 nom. nud . l 939 ; comb . nov .

Synonymy : Aegiphi l a pal adoaa T. S . Brandeg. , Uni v . Cal i f . Pu bl .

Bot . 6 : 191 . 1915 .

Bibl iography : T. S . Brandeg. , Uni v . Cal i f . Pu bl . Bot . 6 : 191 .

1915 ; Pra in, Ind . Kew. S uppl . 5 , imp. l , 6 . l 921 ; Fedde 8 Schust

Ju s t s Bot . Jahresber . 44 : 253 . l 922 ; Mol d . , Geogr . Dist r ib . Avicenn.

14 . l 939 ; Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 3 . l 94o; Mol d . ,S uppl .

Li s t Comm. Vern . Names l l . l 94l ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 3 .

l 942 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . l , l 6 8 90 . l 942 ;Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . l : 315 8 319 (l 946) and 2 : 423 , 500 , 8 578 .

1948 ; Mol d . , Known GeOgr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 29 8 182 . l 949 ;

1987 Mol denke , Not es on Ci cnodandnum 489

Mol d . , Resume 35 , 230 , 8 451 . 1959 ; Prain , Ind . Kew. Suppl . 5 , imp.

2 , 6 . 1960 ; Mol d Fi f t h Summ. 1 : 69 8 382 (1 971 ) and 2 : 868 . 1971 ;

Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 61 8 539 . 1980 .

This var iet y di f f ers f rom t he t ypical form of t he spec ies in i t s

much short er calyx- l obes .

The var iet y i s based on Puapua 7181 f rom around ponds near San

Geronimo , Oaxaca , Mex ico , col l ect ed in Ju ly , 1914 , and depos i t ed in

t he herbar i um of t he Uni v ers i t y of Cal i f ornia at Berkel ey .

The l eaves of t hi s pl ant of t en have very much abbrev iat ed l eafbear ing t wigs in t he i r ax i l s so t hat t hey appear , on f irst gl ance ,

t o be f ascicl ed . Col l ect ors descr i be i t as a s hru b , O. S - 3 m. t al l ,

or a t ree , t o 5 m. t al l , t he st ems t o 3 cm. in diamet er , t he bark

deeply and coarsely f u rrowed , t he l ent icel s very abundant , el ongat e ,

whi t e , cons picuou s (more so t han in t he t ypical f orm) , t he corol l as

whi t e , f i l ament s whi t e , and ant hers brown .

They have f ound i t growing in open s unshine in cl ay- l oam soi l , on

f l at grazed areas , and among veget at ion composed mos t ly of l eguminous s hru bs and cact i , at al t i t udes of l ess t han 50 m. , in f l ower in

January and J u ly , and in f ru i t in January .

Mat er ial has been ident i f ied and di s t r i bu t ed in some herbar ia as

t ypical C , [ i guat ni num (Jacq . ) R. Br .

C i t at ions : MEXI CO: Oaxaca : E. J . Al exandcn 248 (Ld) ; R. M. Ki ng873 (Au - 214228 , Ld , Mi , w 1982 (N) ; Panpaa 7181 (B - i so

t ype , Em - i sot ype , Ca - 175009 - t ype , E - 765041 - i sot ype , F - 424587

i sot ype , F - phot o of t ype , G - i sotype , Ld -phot o of t ype , N - i sot ype ,

N -phot o of t ype ) .

CLERODENDRUM LINDENIANUM A . Rich . in Sagra , Hi st . Cub . Bot . 2 : 147

[ as 1850 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Comm. Vern . Names26 8 31 . 1939 .

Synonymy : Ci enodcndnon Ci ndeni anum A . Rich . in Sagra , Hi st . Cub .

Bot . 2 : 147 . 1850 . Ci enodendnon Ci ndenianum Schau . ex Mol d Pre

l im. A1ph . Li s t Inv . Names 20 in syn . 1 940 . Ci enodcndnon Ci nc i a

num Rich . ex Mol d Prel im. Al ph . Li st Inv . Names 20 in syn . 1940 .

Ci enodendnon Li ndanzana A . Rich . ex Roi g, Dicc . Bot . 2 : 1 005 s phalm.

l 953 . i Cficnodcndnum Ci ndcni anum var . Cindcnianum [ Al a in] in Leon 8

Al ain , Fl . Cu ba , imp. l , 4 : 322 . 1957 .

Bibl iography : A . Rich . in Sagra , Hist . Fi s . Pol i t . Nat . Cu ba 11

(2 ) [ F1 . Cub . Fanerog. 147 . 1850 ; C . Muel l . in Nal p. , Ann . Bot .

Sys t . 5 : 710 . 1860 ; Sagra , Icon . Pl . F1 . Cub . 41 . 1863 ; Gri seb . ,

Cat . Pl . Cub . 2 16 . 1866 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. ,

imp. l , l : 561 . 1893 ; Mol d A1ph . Li s t Comm. Vern . Names 26 8 31 .

1939 ; Mol d . , Geogr . Dist r ib . Avicenn . 5 . 1939 ; Mol d . , Prel im. Al ph .

Li s t Inv . Names 20 8 22 . 1940 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Inv . Names 21 .

1942 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . l , 25 8 90 . 1942 ;Mol d Phyt ol ogia 2 : 100 . 1 945 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind .

Kew. , imp. 2 , l : 561 . 1946 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . l : 3 , 63 , 75 ,

185 , 187 , 302 , 8 312 . 1946 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d Pl . Li f e 2 : 69 .

1948 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 2 : 415 , 418 , 569 , 578 , 579 , 8 648 - 651

3 : 664 , 675 , 757 , 826 , 867 , 889 , 928 8 929 and 4 :

1026 , 1035 , 1068 , 1144 , 8 1206 . 1 949 ; Mol d Known Geogr . Dist r i b .

490 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 43 8 182 . 1949 ; Roig, Dicc . Bot . 2 : 898 8 1005 .

1 953 ; Al ain in Leon 8 A l a in . Fl . Cu ba , imp. 1 , 4 : 319 8 322 . 1 957 ;Mol d Rés umé 51 , 2 16 , 266 , 271 , 273 , 8 451 . 1959 ; Jacks . in Hook .

f . 8 Jacks Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , 1 : 561 . 1960 ; Mol d Fi f t h Summ. l

95 , 359 , 449 , 461 , 8 463 (1971 ) and 2 : 868 . 1 971 ; Al ain in Leon 8

Al ain , Fl . Cu ba , imp. 2 , 2 : 319 8 322 . 1974 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2

88 , 350 , 8 539 . 1 980 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 57 : 478 (1985 ) and 60 : 130 8

131 . 1 986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Sagra , Icon Pl . Fl . Cub . 41 . 1863 .

A s hru b or smal l t ree , 1 7 m. t al l , u s ual ly only a s hru b l - 4

f eet t al l ; branches and branchl et s s t ou t i sh , very l ight - gray or

whi t i s h , obscu rely t et ragonal or s u bt eret e , t u bercu l at e , gl abrat e ;twigs more s l ender , yel l ow- brown or bu f f , more or l es s densely pub

escent wi t h browni s h of t en hirs u t u l ou s hairs ; nodes not annu l at e ,

u s ual ly much t hickened becau se of t he very heavy , corky , prominentl eaf - scar s ; pr inc ipal int ernodes O

.3 - 3 cm. l ong, of t en ex t remely

abbrev iat ed on branchl et s and twigs ; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e ;pet iol es s t ou t , 3 - 9 mm. l ong, densely s hort - pu bescent wi t h browni s hhairs ; l eaf - bl ades t remendou s ly var iabl e in s ize , s hape , and t ex

t u re , cor iaceou s , gray-

green on bot h s u rf aces or br ight er green be

neat h , varying f rom obl ong, el l ipt ic, or obl ong- el l i pt ic t o obl ong

l anceol at e , obl anceol at e , or obovat e , 4 cm. l ong, l . 5 -8 cm.

wide , apical l y u s ual ly obt u se or rounded , varying t o s harply acu t eor s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire (and of t en more or l es s revol u t e in drying) or dent icu l at e t o s u bdent icu l at e- spinose , basal lyacu t e or cuneat e (varying t o deeply cordat e ) , gl abrou s above (exceptfor t he pi l ose midr ib ) , sparsely and of t en obscurely -s t r igi l l osepu beru l ent (or subgl abrat e on t he l amina ) beneat h , especial ly al ongt he l arger venat ion ; midr ib s l ender or s t ou t i s h , s harply prominul entwi t hin a f urrow above , very prominent beneat h , pi l os e above ; secondar ies s l ender , 5 - 7 per s ide , arcuat e- ascending, f l at or s l ight lyimpres sed above , very prominent beneat h , of t en arcuat ely joinedcl ose t o t he margins beneat h ; vein and veinl et ret icu l at ion rat her

abundant , t he l arger port ions decidedly prominul ent beneat h, mos t lyObscure above ; inf l orescence ax i l l ary , of t en only in t he uppermos tl eaf - ax i l s , t he cymes oppos i t e , sol i t ary , 4 - 10 cm. l ong, 2 - 5 cmwide , 2~ - 5- f l owered (mos t ly 3- f l owered) ; peduncl es s l ender , 5

cm. l ong, u s u al ly el ongat e , spar sely and obscurely s t rigi l l ose or

gl abrat e , yel l ow- brown or bu f f ; pedicel s s imi l ar t o t he peduncl es incol or and t ex t ure , 6 - 35 mm. l ong, very di var icat e , u s ual ly joint edand bract eol at e near t he middl e (f romwhich joint anot her f l ower mayar i se ) ; bract s absent ; bract l et s and prophyl l a l inear or set aceou s ,minu t e ; f l owers f ragrant ; calyx obconic, 3 - 4 mm. l ong, apical ly am

pl iat e , t he r im t runcat e and undu l at e , ex t ernal ly hirt el l ou s ; corol

l a hypocrat er i form, whi t e , 2 cm. l ong, t he l obes obl ong, 5 mm.

l ong; f ru i t dru paceou s , f l es hy , l ight—bl ue .

Thi s endemic Cu ban s pecies i s based on J . Li nden 1775 f rom t hemount a ins near Pinal de l os Hondones , Or ient e , Cu ba , col l ect ed in

May , l 844 . The t ype col l ect ion represent s a f ormwi t h t hinner and

l es s cor iaceou s , almos t f l at -margined ,l eaf - bl ades , wel l represent ed

al so by Jack 5628 in t he Arnol d Arboret um herbar i um and by Pozl and,

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492 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 7

Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 25 8 90 . 1942 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 1

3 , 187 , 8 312 3 : 867 8 928 and 4 : 1033 . 1949 ; Mol d

Known Geogr . Di st r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 2 , 43 8 182 . 1 949; Roig, Oicc .

Bot . 2 : 741 8 1005 . 1 953 ; Al a in in Leon 8 Al ain , F1 . Cu ba , imp. l ,

4 : 322 . 1957 A . N. Hi l l , Ind . Kew. S uppl . 6 , imp. 2 , 49 . 1959 ;

Mol d . , Rééume 51 , 271 , 8 451 . 1 959 ; Mol d Fi f t h S umm. 1 : 95 8 461

(1 971 ) and 2 : 868 . 1971 ; Al ain in Leon 8 Al ain , Fl . Cu ba , imp. 2 ,

2 : 322 . 1974 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 88 8 539 . 1980 ; P. Holmgren 8

al . , Ind . Vasc . P1 . Type MiCrof . 441 . 1985 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 57

478 . 1985 .

Thi s var iety di f f er s f rom t he t ypical f orm of t he species in i t s

l onger corol l a- t u bes , t he corol l a being t o 4 cm. in l engt h .

Bri t t on 8 Ni l son ' s or igonal (l 920) descr i pt ion i s : A s hru b l - l . 2

m. high , t he twigs and pet iol es t u bercu l at e and minu t ely hispidu

l ou s wi t h mos t ly appres sed hairs . Leaves obovat e or el l i pt ic- Obo

vat e , 7 - l l cm. l ong,- 6 cm. wide , dark green , l u s t rou s and his

pidul ous on t he veins above , t he secondary veins incons picuou s ,pal er , coarsely ret icu l at e- veined and minu t ely hi spidu l ou s on t he

veins beneat h , t he margin dent icu l at e ; pet iol es 1 cm. l ong; calyxnarrowly campanu l at e , s u bt runcat e at t he apex , gl abrou s ; corol l a a

bou t 4 cm. l ong, whi t e , t he l obes obl anceol at e ; s t amens ex sert ed .

"

The var iet y i s based on Shagen 496 f rom savannas sou t h of S ierraCu bi t as , CamagUey , Cu ba , col l ect ed on February 20 and 21 , 1909 , and

depos i t ed in t he Bri t t on Herbar i um at t he New York Bot anical Garden .

Roig descr i bes t he pl ant as an" Arbu s t o s i l ves t re de hojas cor iace

as , que crece en l as sabanas al sur de l a ci udad de Camagdey . Tiene

l as f l ores bl ancas de t u bo l argo y es t ambres sal ient es " . It s

vernacu l ar name i s pal o sabanero It has been col l ect ed in ant he

sis in December and Febru ary .

C i t at ions : CUBA : CamagUey : Acuna 13733 (Es ) ; R029 3423 (N) ; Sha

604 496 (F - 284445 - i sotype , N - t ype , N - 659156 - i sot ype ) . Or ient e

Ekman 15027 (B, N, S ) . MOUNTED CL I PPINGS : Br i t t on 8 P. Ni l s . , Mem.

Torrey Bot . C l u b 16 : 99 . 1920 (N) .

CLERODENDRUM LINDIENSE Mol d Phyt ol ogia 5 : 83 . 1954 .

Synonymy : Cienodcndnum i indeni enbc Mol d Phyt ol ogia 5 : 97 s phalm.

1954 .

Bibl iography : B. Thomas , Engl . Bot . Jahrb . 68 : [ Gat t . Cl erod . ]89 . 1936 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia 5 : 83 8 97. 1954 ; Anon. , Trav . Lab . Bot .

Sys t . Bru x . 16 : 66 . 1955 ; Anon. , As soc . Et ud . Tax . F1 . Af r . Trop.

Ind. 1954 : 66 . 1955 ; Mol d Rés umé 144 , 273 , 8 451 . 1959 ; G. Tayl or ,

1nd . Kew, S uppl . 12 : 36 . 1959 ; Mol d . , Fi f t h S umm. 1 : 235 8 463 (1971 )and 2 : 868 . 1971 ; Mol d. , Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 225 8 539 . 1980 ; P. Holm

gren 8 al . , Ind . Vasc . Pl . Type Microf . 441 . 1985 ; Mol d . , Phyt ol ogia

57 : 390 8 391 (1985 ) and 60 : 60 . 1986 .

A woody pl ant , abou t 1 m. t al l ; branches and branchl et s t et ragonal , rat her s l ender , very densely spreading- hirs u t e wi t h yel l owi s hgray hair s l - 2 mm. l ong; l eaves decu s sat e- oppos i t e ; pet iol es sl en

der , 4 - 9 mm. l ong, f l at t ened- s u lcat e above , densely v i l l ou s - hirs u t ewit h yel l owi s h- gray hairs l ike on t he branchl et s ; l eaf - bl ades char

t aceous , grayi s h- brown when dry , l ight er beneat h , el l ipt ic , 3 - 7 cm.

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Ci enodendnum 493

l ong, l . 3 cm. wide , apical l y acu t e or very s hort l y acuminat e ,

marginal ly ent ire , basal ly acu t e or s hort - acuminat e , l ight ly pu bescent above , wi t h t he ha ir s event ual ly wear ing of f , densely grayi s ht oment ose beneat h ; midr ib sl ender , f l at above , prominul ous beneat h ;

secondar ies very s l ender , 3 or 4 per side , arcuat e- ascending, pro

minul ous beneat h , f l at above , not anas t omos ing at t he margins ; veinl et ret icu l at ion abundant but di f f icu l t t o di s t ingu i s h ; peduncl ess l ender , cm. l ong, densely hirs u t e wi t h yel l owi sh- grayha irs l - 2 mm. l ong l i ke on t he branchl et s ; cymes 3 - 4 cm. l ong and

wide , several t imes dichot omou s , rat her densely f l owered , i t s bran

ches densely hi r s u t e l i ke t he peduncl es ; bract l et s narrow- el l ipt ic ,

abou t 5 mm. l ong, densely v i l l ou s , at t enuat e at bot h ends ; pedicel sf i l i f orm, l . 5 - 2 mm. l ong, v i l l ou s ; calyx campanu l at e , i t s t u be a

bou t 5 mm. l ong and 2 mm. wide , ext ernal ly v i l l ou s- hi r s u t u l ou s wi t hmany-cel l ed whi t e hairs , t he r im 5- t oot hed , t he t eet h abou t 3 mm.

l ong, apical ly l ong- caudat e , v i l l ou s ; corol l a hypocrat er i form, whi t e ,

t he t u be narrow- cyl indr ic , abou t 1 cm. l ong, l ess t han 1 mm. wide ,

ex t ernal ly l ight l y pu beru l ou s , t he l imb ampl i at e t o abou t 5 mm. ;

s t amens ex sert ed abou t 1 cm. f rom t he corol l a-mou t h .

Thi s Species i s based on H. J . Schi i cben 5866 f rom Open woods on

hi l l s at Lindi , by Lake Lu t amba , at an al t i t ude of 240 - 250 m. Tan

ganyika (Tanzania ) , col l ect ed on January 11 , 1 935 , and depos i t ed in

t he Bru s sel s herbar ium. The col l ect or not es t hat t he pl ant growssol i t ary

"

. Thu s f ar i t i s known t o me only f rom t he t ype col l ec

t ion , which was c i t ed by Thomas (1936) and dist r i bu t ed in herbar ia

as C . accnbianum (VisTan . ) Bent h . Thomas gi ves t he dat e of col l ec

t ion as JanuaryC i t at ions : TANZANI A : Tanganyi ka : Schl i eben 5866 (B - i sot ype , Br

t ype , Mu - i sot ype , N - i sot ype , S - i sot ype .

CLERODENDRUM LINDLEYI Deca i sne ex Pl anch Fl . Serr . Jard . , ser . 1 ,

9 : 17 [ as"

Ci enodendnon“

J. 1853 ' Mol d Geogr . Di st r i b . Av i

cenn . 5 , 14 , 26 , 8 37 . 1939 .

Synonymy : Ci anodcndnon floci i dum Hort . Par i s ex Pl anch Fl . Serr .

Jard . , ser . 1 , 9 : 17 . 1853 [ not C . fioezi dum Bunge , 1833 , nor (Bu rm. )Bunge , 1985 , nor (L . ) Bunge , 1 985 , nor 0 . Don , 1825 , nor Miq1921 , nor Ci enodandnum éoci i dam Bunge , Ci anodendnon gnagnansfli oac Aimpi i ci Lindl . ex Voss in Vi lm. , Bl umengar t . l : 830 in syn .

l 895 . Ci enodendnon i i ndi eyi Decne . ex Pl anch .

"

apud Bakh . in Lam 8

Bakh Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bu1 t enz . , ser . 3 , 8 109 . 1921 . Ci enodcndnon goai i dum Hort . ex Rehnel t , Pareys Bl umengart n ed . 1 , 282

in syn . 1 932 .

Bibl iography : Pl anch Fl . Serr . Jard . , ser . 1 , 9 : 17 . 185

Regel , Gart enf l . 6 : 363 (1857) and 11 : pl . 353 . 1862 ; Regel ,

Trans . Ru s s . Hort . Soc . 1862 : pl . 79 . 1862 ; Max im Bu l l . Acad . Imp.

Sc i . St .- Pét ersb . 31 : 84 . 1886 ; Forbes 8 Hems l Jou rn . Linn . Soc .

Lond . Bot . 26 [ Ind . Fl . Sin . 260 . 1890 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8

Jacks Ind . Kew. , imp. l , l : 561 . 1893 ; Voss in V1 lm. , Bl umengart .

l : 830 . 1895 ; H. J . Lam, Verbenac . Mal ay . Arch . 259 8 363 . 1919 ;Bakh . in Lam 8 Bakh . , Bu l l . Jard . Bot . Bui t enz . , ser . 3 , 3 : 88 , 109 ,

8 IX. 192 1 ; St apf , Ind. Lond . 2 : 239 . 1930 ; P'

e 1 , Mem. Sc i . Soc .

494 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

China 1 133 . 1 932 ; Rehnel t , Pareys Bl umengart n . , ed . 1 , 282 .

1 932 ; Mol d Geogr . Dist r ib . Avicenn . 5 , 14 , 26 , 8 37 . 1939 ; Mol d

Known Geogr . Dist r ib . Verbenac . , ed . 1 , 16 , 25 , 36 , 58 , 72 , 8 90 .

1 942 ; Jacks . in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 2 , l : 561 . 1946 ;Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . l : 17 8 187 (1946) and 2 : 353 , 359 , 413 , 414 ,

538 , 561 , 563 , 564 , 572 , 608 , 644 , 8 646 . 1948 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d

Pl . Li f e 2 : 69 . 1 948 ; Mol d . , Known Geogr . Dist r i b . Verbenac . , ed . 2 ,

29 , 43 , 76 , 131 , 135 , 159 , 8 182 . 1949 ; Mol d Al ph . Li s t Ci t . 3

708 , 712 , 719 , 748 , 801 , 844 , 879 , 8 928 (1949) and 4 : 987 , 1052 ,

1096 , 8 1299 . 1949; Pét el ot , Pl . Med . Camb . Laos Viet n. 2 : 253

(1954 ) and 4 : 99 . 1 954 ; Al ain in Ledn 8 Al ain , Fl . C u ba , imp. l , 4

319 8 321 . 1957 ; Mol d Res ume 35 , 51 , 88 , 169 , 174 , 181 , 216 , 263 ,

266 , 8 451 . 1 959 ; Jacks in Hook . f . 8 Jacks . , Ind . Kew. , imp. 3 , l

561 . 1960 ; Mol d . , Rés ume S uppl . 3 : 17 8 19 (1962 ) and 6 : 8 . 1963 ;Mol d . , Biol . Abs t r . 47 : 6794 . 1966 ; Howard 8 Powel l , Taxon 17 : 55 .

1968 ; Mol d Rés umé S uppl . 16 : l l 8 19 . 1968 ; Mol d . , Fi f t h S umm. l

69 , 95 , 148 , 288 , 292 , 300 , 311 . 359 , 444 , 445 , 8 449 (1971 ) and 2868 . 1971 ; Rou l eau , Taxon Ind . l : 92 . 1972 ; Al ain in Leon 8 Al ain,

Fl . Cu ba , imp. 2 , 2 : 319 8 321 . 1974 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 28 : 449

31 : 390 and 34 : 245 8 249 . 1976 ; E. H. Nal ker , Fl .

Okin . Sou t h . Ryu k . 890 8 892 . 1976 ; Hocking, Excerpt . Bot . A. 3O

419 . 1978 ; Mol d Phyt ol . Mem. 2 : 41 , 61 , 88 , 140 , 259 , 277 , 281 ,

282 , 291 , 302 , 313 , 350 , 8 539. 1980 ; Rei s 8 Lipp, New Pl . SourcesDrugs 251 . 1982 ; H. N. 8 A . L . Mol d . in Dassan. 8 Fosb . , Rev . Handb .

Fl . Ceyl . 4 : 411 , 459 - 461 , 8 472 . 1983 ; Mol d Phyt ol ogia 52 : 466

57 : 36 8 338 58 : 286 , 332 , 338 , 343 - 345 , 417 , 8 460

and 60 : 62 8 130 . 1986 .

I l l u s t rat ions : Regel , Gart enf l . 11 : pl . 353 ( in col or ) .

1862 ; Regel , Trans . Ru s s . Hort . Soc . 1862 : pl . 79 . 1862 .

A bu s h or smal l , erect , bu s hy shru b or under s hru b , O. 9 - 3 m. t al l ;

branchl et s rat her obt u sely t et ragonal , browni s h , more or l es s pulverul ent - pu beru l ent or s u bgl abrou s in age , u sual ly pi l ose at t he

nodes ; twigs densely gl andu l ar-

pu bescent wi t h s hort irregu l ar hair sor pu beru l ent ; nodes not annu l at e , u s ual ly pi l ose ; pr inc ipal int ernodes l . 3 - l l cm. l ong; l eaves decussat e~opposi t e ; pet iol es rat her

s t ou t i s h , l . 5 - l o. 5 cm. l ong, medu l l ose almos t t o t he base , u s ual lycol l aps ing at t he bas e in drying, not much ampl iat e basal ly , densely s hort - pu bescent or pu beru l ent ; l eaf - bl ades membranou s or subchar

t aceous , somewhat darker green above t han beneat h , ovat e t o broadlyovat e or del t oid ,

- l 6 . 5 cm. l ong, cm. wide , apical lyacu t e or s hort - acuminat e , marginal ly ent ire or dent icu l at e t o rat her

coar sely and irregu l arly s harp- dent at e and u s ual ly more or l es sc i l iat e , basal ly s u bcordat e or s u bt runcat e (t he cent ral part of t he

base more or l es s cuneat e- acu t e ) , very s hort ly and s parsely pi l osewi t h scat t ered hairs or pu beru l ent - pu l veru l ent above , more or l es spu beru l ent beneat h or pi l ose- pu bescent wit h s hort irregu l ar hair ses pec ial ly on t he venat ion, u s ual ly marked wi t h several , bl ack ,

di scoid gl ands at t he very base and al so somet imes scat t ered overot her part s of t he l amina ; secondar ies 3 - 6 per s ide , t he 2 l owes ti s s u ing f rom t he mi dr i b at t he very base of t he bl ade and very deci

dedly pinnat ely branched f rom t he basal s ide , al l arcuat e- ascending,

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496 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 7

Res t e l a t roi s ieme espece que nou s appel l erons avec St eudel , Ci enodendaon Bungei et dont l e port rai t des s iné sur l e v i vant dansl'

et abl issement Van Hou t t e , n'exist e dans aucune pu bl icat ion hort i

cu l e [ This is t he pl ant we now cal l C . bungei He cont inuesf urt her abou t C . i i ndi eyi as fol l ows :

" C ' es t év idemment cet t e pl ant e

du Bot anical Regi s t er que M. Schauer , dans l e Prodromu s de De Can

dol l e (Tom. XI, p. s ignal e , apres Lindl ey , comme l e t ype af l eur s s impl es du Ci enodcndnon gnagnana , et dont i l indiq ue l '

int ro

duct ion comme recent e a l a dat e de 1847 . Voici pou rt ant sur q uel l esrai sons se fonde not re savant col l aborat eur , M. Decai sne , pour con

s idérer cet t e pl ant e comme es pece a part , sou s l e nommanu scr i t deCi enodendnon Lindicyi , 10 Le t ype a f l eur s s impl es du Ci enodcndnongnagnana f iguré par Vent enat , (Malmais . t . 70 ) et qui f l eur i t en

France , dans l e j ardin de Cel s , vers l e commencement du s iecl e , a

des corol l es a l imbe bien pl u s l arqe que l e Ci . Li ndi eyi . 20 Le

Cienodendnon finagnané est une pl ant e del icat e , q u ' on ne cu l t ive j ama i sen pl eine t erre a Par i s , et dont l es racines ne t racent pas : l

'au t re

espece est , au cont ra ire , ru s t i q ue et ses rac ines t ragant es . Ce que

nou s di sons ic i , du res t e , se rapport e spéc ial ement 8 l a pl ant e

cu l t i vée au Mu seumde Par i s , sou s l e nomde Ci enodcndnon fioei i dum,

pl ant e qui di f fére uh peu de cel l e du Bot anical Regi s t er en ce que

ses f l eur s sont inodores (et non presq ue au ss i odorant es que cel l esdu C . finagnana ) et que ses j eunes pou s ses s urt ou t sont cou vert esd

'un vel ou t é de cou l eur V iol et t e . Y au rai t - il encore l é deu x especes

confondues ? Qui ét udiera j ugera .

In t hi s connect ion i t may be not ed t hat Howard 8 Powel l (1968)al so assert : "

It shou l d al so be not ed t hat t he pl ant cal l ed Ci ei oden

dnum i i ndicyi of t en ref erred t o t he synonymy of'Ci cnodendnumflaag

nana'does not , in our opinion, bel ong t here .

"

Vos s in rev iewing t hi s invol ved s i t uat ion , s t at es t hat ,

in his Opinion,Ci enodcndnum i i ndi eyi

"ist v iel l eicht nur ieine Ab

t rei bend ; As t e s t umpf - 4 kant i g, kurz haar ig (anscheinend grun bl ei

bend . Blat t er zieml ich l anggest iel t , f as t herzf drmig, brei t - eirundoder f as t rundl ich , zuges pi t zt , schdn grun, am Rande au sgeschwei f tgezahnel t oder f as t ganzrandig, am Grunde dies sei t s der Bl at t s t ielEinfflgung drflsent ragend, beider sei t s kurzhaar ig. Bl ut en in groszen ,

endst andigen, viel blflt igen , gedrungenen, bouquet f brmigen Dol den

t rau ben , deren Spindel , Bl dt enst iel e und Kelche dicht f l aumig s ind .

Deckbl at t chen l anzet t l ich oder l ineal i sch- l anzet t l ich , die KelcheUberragend und wie diese drflsent ragend . Kelch verkehrt - kegel fdrmigrdhr ig mi t 5 spal t igen Saum und l ineal i sch- l anzet t l ichen pf r ienl ich

zugespit zt en Zipf el n. Bl umenkrone au s ser kaum ku rzhaar ig, nur

schwach duf t ent , mit schmal er Rdhre , die mei s t 4 mal so l ang al s der

Kelch ist ; Kronsaummei s t 5 t ei l ig. Bl ut en f l ei schf arbig oder rot ,

au s sen dunkl er , weniger schdn al s bei C . goei i dum.

Col l ect ors have encount ered C . i i ndi eyi al ong roads ides , in fores t s and roads ide t hicket s , al ong rail road t racks , in green val l eys ,on wooded and damp gras sy hil l s ides , in hedges and on dry l and, in

Open bru sh , in uncu l t i vat ed ground near hou ses , in was t e pl aces , and

on garbage dumps , at 60 - 1450 m. al t i t ude , in f l ower in March, Apri l ,June t o Augu s t , and Oct ober t o December . Hu report s f inding i t

l 987 Mol denke , Not es on Ci anodcndnum 497

growing over l arge areas by t he v i l l age of Hong Kong. Nal ker re

port s i t nat ural i zed on Okinawa ; Pi t t ier says of i t in Venezuel aI nt roduced but said t o be indigenou s

". Al ain (1924 ) report s i t es

caped in Pinar del Rio , C u ba ,

"or iginal ly f rom t ropical As ia

".

A key t o hel p di s t ingu i s h t hi s Spec ies f romot her Cu ban s pecieswi l l be found under C . gnandifi

ionum (Hook . ) Schau . in t he presents er ies of not es [ 60 : 130 - 131

The corol l as are descr i bed as hav ing been red on Chang 2395 and

c b . Cant on Cha . Coi i . 12501 ,"reddi s h- purpl e

"on Rock 6621, purpl

i sh on Chi ng 1994 and Chan 5999, l ight - purpl e on Ha 13126,"deep

purpl i s h- pink on wai han 8136, and pink- l avender "on Gneasi t t 1333.

The l eaves on Bacca 6473 and Koci z 25301 l ook remarkably l iket hose of C . phizippi num Schau . , wi t hou t regu l ar marginal t eet h vi s

ibl e and wi t h el ongat ed corol l a- t u bes ; on Gi ng 5537 t he l eaf - bl adeshave regu l ar t eet h pl ainly v i s i bl e over almos t t he whol e margin .

Vernacu l ar and common names recorded f or C i i ndi cyi are chauf ung t

'an

"

,

"ch

'au shi mi t l i " ,

"chau t i f ung Lindl ey

' s cl eroden

drum" ,

”r indir i - ku sagi sarang banoea

"

,

"

yaezaki - ku sagi“

, and

yuen t au f ung"

.

It may be point ed out here t hat t he Ci eaodendnon fioei i dum Bunge .

c. goei i dum (Burm. ) Bunge . C . floci idum (L . ) Bunge , and Ci cnodcndnum

floezi dum Bunge , ref erred t o in t he synonymy (above ) , al l apply t o

t he l as t -ment ioned , a val id s pec ies , which see , whil e Ci ehodendnon

floei i dum 0 . Don is a synonym of Canyopi cni i floci i da (0 . Don) Thell ung and Ci cnodcndnon éoei i dum

’Miq. is a synonym of Ci enodcndnum

buchanani (Rox b . ) Nal p. , which see .

Nal ker (1976) ci t es f romcu l t i vat ion on Okinawa : Amano 6251, SIRI

6894 , Tamayoae 4 , n, ,and wazkan 8136 ; Rei s 8 Li pp (1982 ) ci t e Taang

21353 f rom Kwangt ung, China .

Mat er ial of C . i i ndi eyi has been mi s ident i f ied and di s t r i bu t ed in

some herbar ia as C . bnaci eai um Nal l C . bungci St eud C . cancacana

Nal l . . C . goei i dum Bunge , C . gnagnana Vent . . C . finagnana Wi l l d C .

giandui OAum Col ebr . , C . noaeum Poi t C . ini choiomam Thunb . , and C .

ui oiaccum Gurke .

00 t he ot her hand , t he Ki ngdon-wand 18191 , Liang 61691 , McCi une

9207, and Nooi cboom 1246, di s t r i bu t ed as t ypical C . i i ndi eyi , act ual l y represent i t s f . ai biflionum Mol d . , whi l e Roi g 8157 i s C . Api en

dcnaC i t at ions : MEXI CO: Veracru z : Quani ea uan Uflgond 516 (Ut ) . CUBA

Havana : Ehman 13181 (Ld -Phot o . N. N - Phot o . Lean 3387

,(Ha . N) ;

Moaai u 8 8oam 348 Shaw: 4 19 (Cm. N) . Pinar del R1 0 :

4 194 (ES : ES ) . BRAZ I L : Bahia : Paui ay 6 . h . (V) . Rio de Janeiro : Rudi o 148 (B, w Sampai o 6 . h . [ Campos . Jan . 1935 ] (Ja

INDI A : A s s am: Koci z 25304 (Mi ) . CHINA : Chekiang: Chi ng1994 (Ca - 281707 , N Fu kien : Chang 4577 (CaChang 8 P0 3945 (Ca Chang 1317 (Ca 3237 (Ca

Chang 2395 (Ca 5534 (N) ; En 2021 (CaFong 19 (Ca Gi ng 5537 (Mi ) , 5840 (Ns ) , 6872 (GgPo 12324 (Ca Tai 11033 (Ca K iangs i : Laa 4731

(N, w Kwangs i : Chi ng 5278 (Ca- 409768 . w

Si ewand 8 Chao 505 (N) . Kwangt ung: Chan 5999 (Ca

[ t o be cont inued ]

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L . Mol denke

THE BIOLOGY OF MARI NE FUNGI edit ed by S . T . Mos s , xi i 8 382 pp

79 b/w f ig. incl . 261 EM phot o . , 34 t ab . 8 2 maps . Cambr idgeUnivers i t y Pres s , Cambr idge , London 8 New York , N. Y. 10022 .

1986 .

Herein are 30 inv i t ed papers of t he 4t h I nt ernat ional Marine Mycol ogy Sympos ium hel d as recent ly as Augu s t

'85 at t he Port smou t h

Polyt echnic , U. K. , yet v ery neat ly pr int ed , organi zed and var iou s lyi l l u s t rat ed wi t h many excel l ent EM phot ographs , chart s , f igures and

t abl es and act ual ly of f t he pres s in t he nex t cal endar year . The

ma 1n t opics embraced by t hese papers are ecol ogical , t axonomic ,

phys iol ogical and appl ied b iot echnol ogical . Recent s t udies in t hesef iel ds are caref u l ly present ed and direct ions f or f u t ure work sug

ges t ed . Bibl iographies are int ent ional ly very f u l l . This book wi l l

be very import ant f or scient i s t s and s t udent s in t he f our f iel ds of

research j u s t ment ioned .

THE FLORA OF THE HORTOBAGY NATIONAL PARK edi t ed by J . Szwj kd- Lacza ,

172 pp. , 2 b/w f ig. , 23 phot o . , 17 t ab 18 draw. pl . , 1 map 8l end- page map. Akademiae Kaidd, Budapes t , Hungary . 1982 .

A f t er a general descr ipt ion of t hi s park area es t abl i s hed in 1972

and t he met hods of t hi s f l oral s t udy , chapt ers by 13 t axonomic and

ecol ogic s pec ial i s t s cons i s t of descr ipt i ve check- l i s t s of aq uat ical gae , cont r ibu t ions t o t he soi l al gal f l ora , some microscopic f ungi ,higher f ungi , l ichens , bryof l ora , and t he vascu l ar pl ant s , al l wi t h

spec ies l i s t s . The paper jacket report s a t ot al l i s t ing of

t axa . Thi s book present s very caref u l ly det ai l ed s t udies and is

No . 3 in t he Nat u ral Hi s t ory of t he Nat ional Parks of Hungary ser ies .

Nos . 1 and 2 in t he s er ies t reat t he f auna .

GREEN IMMI GRANTS The Pl ant s That Trans formed Amer ica by Cl aireShaver Haught on , xi i 8 450 pp. 8 27 chapt er- l et t er capt ions .

Harcou rt , Brace , Jovanov ich, Inc . , London 8 New York , N. Y .

10017 . 1978 cl ot hbound 8 1980 paperbound .

The idea f or t hi s book is an excel l ent one t o rel at e t he his

t ory and romance , t he l egend and fol kl ore , of nearly one hundredgrowing pl ant s , t el l 1ng where t hey came f rom, how t hey arr i ved , and

what has happened t o t hem s ince ( in al phabet ical order ) . It makesfor pl easant cas ual reading by t hose Of almos t al l ages and int er

es t s as wel l as caref u l reading of t he col l ect ed descr ipt i ve hi st or

ical recorded sou rce mat er ial s f rom var iou s port s on t he ot her s ideof t he At l ant ic and el sewhere not f orget t ing t he pot at o and t oma

498

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500 P H Y T 0 L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO . 7

abou t t he workings of t heir bodies and recognized sympt oms and thu sbet t er abl e t o communicat e wi t h t heir medical doct or s abou t t heir

probl ems .

THE FERN HERBAL Incl uding t he Ferns , t he Horset ai l s and t he Cl u bMos ses wr i t t en and i l l u s t rat ed by El f r iede Abbe , v i i i 8 103pp. , 44 col or 8 36 b/w f ig. Cornel l Uni vers i t y Press , I t haca ,

New York 14850 . 1 985 .

Thi s i s a f ine , correct ed , of f set repr int edi t ion of t he au t hor ' s1981 l imi t ed edi t ion f rom her own press . There are accuracy and

beau ty of t ex t ure and f orm in t he i l l u s t rat ions . There are 23

f erns , 4 hor set ai l s , 2 cl ubmosses and 2 spermat ophyt es incl uded in

t he work , wi t h common l eaf - descr ipt i ve names f or t he f erns and f or

Aépanagua pium08u8 and Mynnhia odonat a which are al so t reat ed . For

each beau t i f u l i l l u s t rat ion are given t he sc ient i f ic and common

names (t he l at t er in Engl i s h , French , German , and I t al ian) , descr ipt ions , habi t at and di s t r i bu t ion , cu l t ure , and f ascinat ing b i t s of

hi s t ory and u ses . Thi s book wi l l do so wel l on nat u ral i s t s 'and

gardener s'cof f ee- t abl es , as a s uppl ement ary bot any t ex t , and as an

import ant l i brary acq u i s i t ion, es pecial ly i f t he or iginal edi t ion

was t oo expens i ve t o acq u ire or regarded as t oo prec iou s for ordin

ary handl ing.

MARI HUANA DECEPTIVE NEED by Gabr iel G. Nahas , O. B. E M.D. , Ph .

D. , x v i i i 8 334 pp. , 24 b/w f ig. , 23 t ab 1 map 8 2 bot anical

pl . Raven Pres s Pu bl isher s , New York , N. Y. 10036 . 1 974 .

It s real i s t ic , medical ly responsibl e approach by an au t horexper ienced in pharmacol ogy as wel l as medic ine "

gi ves"not only a

general account of t he pl ant and of t he hi s t ory of i t s use but al sot he scient i f ic and medical ev idence so of t en negl ect ed or discoun

t ed Thi s book i s a wort hy pioneer , ot her au t hors and Dr . Nahashimsel f have f ol l owed s u i t e . There are t wo cl ear bot anical pl at esof t hi s Cannabia aai i va which are a marked improvement over many re

cent pu bl icat ions . The au t hor ' s report on t he cons iderabl e var iabi l i t y in t he chemical s t rengt h of i t s incipient narcot ic princi pl e

is of t en overl ooked in t he l i t erat ure .

“ Cannabis int ox icat ion pre

vai l s in t he worl d under two compl et ely di f f erent set s of soc ialc ircums t ances : (1 ) Endemical ly in poor agrar ian soc iet ies (Middl eEas t , I ndia , is t he opi um of t he poor . Thesesociet ies are s t agnant . (2 ) Epidemical ly amids t t he educat ed af f l u

ent you t h who are di senchant ed by t he of fer ings of a t echnical

soc iety and who s eek ins t ant u sers present a

s igni f icant decrease in t heir product iv i t y , ef f iciency and dependa

bi l i t y .

"

l 987 Mol denke , Book rev iews 501

ECOLOGY OF TROPI CAL PLANTS by Margaret L . Vickery , vi i 8 170 pp

59 b/w f ig. , 24 phot o . p1 . , 7 t ab . 8 1 map. John Ni l ey 8 Sons ,

New York , N. Y. 10158 . 1984 .

Thi s i s an excel l ent t ex t becau se of i t s s impl e direct descr ip

t ions , f ort hr ight l ogical expl anat ions , cl ear uncompl icat ed exampl esand i l l u s t rat ions , highly appropr iat e choices in end- of -chapt er sug

ges t ions for f urt her reading, and ef f ect i ve emphases on human re

s pons i bi l i t y f or env ironment al damaging. A f inal chapt er on Inves

t igat ing t he env ironment "i s s uppl ied by John H. Hal l of t he Uni ver

sit y of Dar es Sal aam,Tanzania . Au t hor Vickert spent 10 years in

t ropical A f r ica where she wi t nes sed "t he di sas t rou s ef f ect s on t he

env ironment of f ores t cl ear ing, overcu l t i vat ion and overgrazingShe adapt ed t hi s book f rom R. F. Daubenmire '

s wonder f u l Pl ant s and

Env ironment A Tex t book of Aut oecol ogy"

, 3rd edi t ion , 1974 , samepu bl i s her , so t hat i t can be u sed in beginning col l ege and t echnical

school course s f or t eachers , nat ure gu ides and nat ional park s t af f s .

It makes good reading here in t he t oo ,

PHYS IOLOGI CAL PLANT ECOLOGY by N. Larcher , t rans l at ed and rev i sedby M. A . Biederman- Thorson , xiv 8 252 pp. , 152 b/w/ f i g. incl .

8 maps , 8 40 t ab . Spr inger- Verl ag, Berl in , Heidel berg 8 New

York , N. Y . 10010 . 1 975 .

Thi s i s a r ich book wi t h high q ual i t y and ef f ect i vely sel ect edand di spl ayed informat ion present ed very ef f icient ly in neat pr int ed

word and excel l ent f u l l i l l u s t rat i ve f igu re and t abl e . The maj ort opics present ed are : t he env ironment of pl ant s , s un ' s radiat ion ,

carbon u t i l izat ion, cycl ing of ni t rogen and mineral el ement s , wat errel at ions , ef f ect s of t emperat u re , and periodici t y of cl imat e and

veget at ion . S ince ecol ogi s t s t oday are becoming more and moreSpec ial ized wi t hin t hi s di scipl ine i t is fort unat e t hat t hi s book i ss t i l l avai l abl e f or int eres t ed indi v idual s , uni ver s i t y courses , sci

ent i f ic l aborat or ies and l i brar ies . Bot h t he au t hor and t he t ransl at or have perf ormed so very wel l !

HANDBOOK OF PHYCOLOGI CAL METHODS Devel opment al and Cyt ol ogicalMet hods edi t ed by El izabet h Gant t , xi i 8 425 pp. , 39 b/w f ig. ,

24 t ab . 8 40 phot o . incl . 12 SEM. Cambr idge Uni ver s i t y Pres s ,Cambr idge 8 London , U. K 8 New York , N. Y. 10022 . 1980 .

Sponsored by t he Phycol ogical Societ y of Amer ica , t hi s t hird , wel l

prepared vol ume in t he ser ies has 32 papers by 46 cont r i bu t ors . Under

Exper iment al al gal sys t ems and t echni ques " t here are papers on s ucht opics as Cont rol of devel opment in Sccncdeamaa

"

,

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Gamet e rel ease ,

f ert i l izat ion , and embryogenes i s in t he Fucai ca”

and"How t o det ect

t he pres ence of a circadian rhyt hm"

. Under"Light and el ect ron mi cro

scopy : preparat i ve met hods' l

t here are papers on Immunochemi s t ry

502 P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol . 61 , No . 7

l abel ed ant i bodies Freeze- f ract u re and f reeze- et ch t echni q uesand St ereol ogy : q uant i t at i ve el ect ron microscopic analysi s . The

l i s t of s u ppl iers of eq u ipment and mat er ial s i s int ernat ional but

mos t ly Amer ican . There are separat e au t hor , s u bj ect and t axonomicindexes .

BREEDI NG PLANTS RES I STANT TO I NSECTS edi t ed by Fowden G. Maxwel l 8Pet er R. Jennings , x v i i 8 684 pp. , 59 b/w f ig. incl . 37 phot o . ,

51 t ab . 8 26 phot o pl . , John Wil ey 8 Sons , New York , N. Y. 10158 .

1980 .

Thi s book , f u l ly r ich in s u bject mat t er , cont a ins 21 papers by 35

au t hors who approach t hi s huge probl em so import ant t o t he worl d' s

economy and human l i v ing q ual i t y f rommany angl es . A brief s urvey of

t he t opics chosen incl ude : biochemical and morphol ogical bases of

res i s t ance , genet ic f act or s af fect ing expres s ions and s t abi l i t y of i t ,

insect behav ior , pl ant pat hogens and res i s t ance , t he inev i t abl epresent - day use of pl ant and insect model s , breeding approaches ins uch crops as al f al f a , cas sava , cot t on , maize , r ice , sorghums , wheat ,

and fores t t rees . The f ir s t edi t or of t hi s book di scu s ses f u t ure op

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cl ever ly wr i t t en , very f u l ly i l l u s t rat ed wi t h even a f ew"overdone

t abl es and f i gures , prov ided wi t h a very f u l l bibl iography , and a

s eparat e l i s t ing of insect , mi t e and pl ant species wi t h t heir se ient i f ic and common names and page ref erences .

ECOLOGY A Tex t book by Hermann Remmert , cont emporaneou s Engl i s ht rans l at ion of

"OKOLOGIE" , 2nd edi t ion by Margueri t e A . BiedermanThorson , v i i i 8 289 pp. , 189 b/w f ig. incl . 9 maps 8 6 phot o . 8

12 t ab . Spr inger- Verl ag, Berl in , Heidel berg 8 New York , N. Y .

10010 . 1980 . cl ot hbound ; al so paperbound .

Germany , Bri t ain and t he Uni t ed S t at es have l ong been t he r iches tsou rces of t he l eaders in eccl ogy and i t s var iou s Su bdi v i s ions , as wel l

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.

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504 P H Y T O L 0 G I A Vol . 61 , NO .

A94 06i i 6248

Aipt eni é ,315

Ai acni neu a , 19

Aiani a, 13 , 19

Aibi zzi a , 335

Ai chemi i ia, 240- 248

Amat l ania , 62 , 63

mm , 299 , 310

Amphibia , 73

Amphi i ej eunea ,447

Amphi plwna , 293

Amphona , 287 , 293 , 431

Anabena ,296

Andnocymbium,347

Anemone, 218

Angui i i ania , 347

Angui i i ani eae, 346- 349

Aniu‘

i flwdesmui , 295

Ani hocenoi ae, 15 , 447

Ant i t hamnion, 13

Ani i ihamni onei i a ,19

Apia ceae, 119

Anabia , 217

Anaceae, 441 , 443

Anaucani aceae, 448

AndiAi a ,62 - 68

Anida , 144 , 146

Ani emiai a , 119

Aniocanpua ,84

Anundinei iae, 422

Anundi nuia , 19

Aaciepiadaceae ,360

AApanagoi deae, 346

Aspanagua , 500

M phodei ué , 123

Act a , 79 , 116 , 214 , 217 , 299- 310

Aainnaceae, 5 , 7 , 16 , 77 , 119,

1 19, 125 , 143 , 146 , 310 , 367 ,

421

Mw ia tea, 421

AAi eneae, 143 , 146 , 310

Aai enocoiax, I9

Aainagaiua , 122 , 123

m mmm , mAi hynium, 217

Audoui nei ia , 10 , 19

Aui acophona , 181

Auneoiani a , 218

Aaneoi ejeunea ,445- 447

Auni cuiandi b ia , 62- 68

Aveneae. 453

AULCQVIw cefl-Qp 70

Axi i i ifli ona , 406

Azonei ia , 241- 244 , 246 , 248

Baechani b , 241- 246 , 248

Bacci fiena , 30 , 31

Baci i i ani a , 293

Baci i iaai ophyceae, 429- 431

Baci i iani ophyi a , 287- 289 , 291 ,

293

Baeomeina , 347

Bangi ai ea , 12

Bangi Ophyceae, 11

Banbeyei i a , 14

Banni ng/tom , 84

Beckmannia , 215 , 217

Benbenia , 222

Benna /Ldia , 1 , 2

Bi dduiphi a , 293

Bi denb , 245 , 247

Bi gnonia , 466 , 467

Bignonia ceae, 201

Bi oi i a . 299

Bi ephanodon, 146

Bi gi t iomycea , 19

Boi hameni a , 272

Bonnemaiaoni a , IO

Boachniahi a , 16

Boi nydium, 429- 432

Bougai nvi i iea , 192

Bnachi ania , 252 . 253

Bnachi oi ejeunea , 445- 447

Bnachyei ginum, 218

Bmi chei i ia , 119

Bni i i ia , 15

Bnomua , 239- 247

Bui boi hni x, 189

Bwiende, 98

Caebaipi nia , 6 , 83

Caeaai pi nia ceae, 6

CaiamagnOAi iA , 231 , 234 . 236- 249

Cai imenia, 299

Cai i iandna , 1 , 3 , 4

Cai i i canpa , 187

Cai i i bi ephuA , 299 , 300

Cai i i ini che, 217

Cal i ana , 15

Caiochorutaceae,348

1 987 I ndex

Cai ochoni eae . 349

Cai ochoM i oi deae . 347

Cd OChO’bt l—LA S 347 , 348

Cai ypinani heb : 352 - 356

217

Campanuia , 217

Campynemaceae, 348Canavai ia, 83

Cannabi b , 22 , 500

Cappanaceae, 122

Cappani b , 82

Capéoéiphon, 11

Capaoaiphonaceae, 11

Canex , 214 , 217 , 218 , 225- 241 ,

2 45 , 247

Canga , 214 , 217

Canyopi enia , 445 , 447

Cas ta nea , 230

Cai i eia , 201

Caai i i i eja , 125

Caauani na , 84

Cai u baea , 31

Caxhayai Opi enia , 311 , 312 , 314 ,

315

Caui ophyi i um, 218

Cei i ia , 87

Centaunea , 1 20

Ceninai ea , 293 , 430

Cenami aceae, 10 , 12 , 13

Ce/ LOOApefIma , 97

Ceni opb , 82

Chaei onanoa . 120

Chaunceymoaa , 402

Chei one, 218

Chenodendnon, 32

Chi hanaea , 12

Chi onognaphi a , 347

Chi nonomidae, 15

Chi ai nomonaa , 1 1 , 19

Chiamydomonaa , 432

Chi oaei i a , 425

Chi onococcum, 295 ,431 , 432

Chi onodendnon, 34

Chi anOphyceae, 10 , 288 , 428- 430 ,

432

Chi OAOphyi a , 1 1 , 13 , 286- 289 ,

291 , 295

Chi onphyi a , 288

Chhomui i na , 285

505

Chaooeoccua ,432

Chnyaani hemum, 222Chnyaophyceae, 12

Chuaquea ,57

Cinai um, 217 , 222

Ci i haaexyi um, 1 16

Ciadophona ,287 . 295 , 425

CiadOphonaceae, 13

Ciai haomoaphum, 12 , 19

Ci emat is , 124

Ci eome, 122

Ci e/ Leodendnon, 164

Ci eJLodencnon, 33

Ci enodendeon, 34

Ci enodendnom, 34

Ci enodendnon, 22 . 31 - 34 , 84 , 99 ,

100 , 105 , 1 15 , 1 16 , 166 , 169 ,

170 , 177- 186 , 272 , 278 , 280- 282 ,

322 , 323 , 327- 329 , 332 , 337 ,

338 , 378 , 389 , 391 - 395 , 398- 403 ,

405- 408 . 416- 419 , 457 , 458 , 461

464 , 466- 469 , 472 , 474 , 476 , 478

480 , 484 , 485 , 489 , 491 , 493 ,

495- 497

Ci enodendnum, 22- 27 , 29- 35 , 37 ,

39 , 41 , 43 , 45- 50 , 82- 93 , 95- 105 ,

107 , 109 , 11 1 , 113 , 115 , 164 - 171 ,

173 , 175 , 177- 188 , 270- 282 , 316 ,

317 , 319- 321 , 323- 338 , 378 , 379 ,

381 , 383 , 385 , 387- 419 , 456- 489 ,

491 493 , 495- 497

Ci enojendnam. 164

Cocconei b . 294 , 431

Cocoa, 49Coei omycei eé , 15

Coix , 142Coi chi caceae , 347 , 348

Col chi ceae. 346- 349

Col chi coi deae , 346- 349

Coi chi cum, 347

Coi hmenia , 33

Cou u omi cham, 181

Coiubni na , 92

Combaei aceae, 70CommeCina , 217

Compoéi i ae. 61 , 125 , 146 , 212 ,

225 , 299 , 310

ConOPhanyngia , 334

Conuoi uuiua , 217

Conaii ina ceae, 12

Condia , 334

506 P H Y T 0 L

Conei hROQyne, 299

Canoni i i a , 222

Coiui a , 246 , 248

Cnai aegaa , 214 , 218

Cnypi onemiai eé , 11

CnypIOponuA, 14

Cacunbi i a , 133- 138

Cucunbi i aceae, 149

Cancui a , 97 , 217

CgabnOphyeeae, 431

Cyanophyceae, 288 , 428 , 429 ,

431 , 432

Cyanophyt a , 287- 289 , 291 , 296

Cycionema , 103 , 401 , 402 , 479

Cyci oi eii a , 293 , 430 , 432

Cynodon, 436 , 440

Cypenaceae, 84 , 212 , 236 , 238 ,

239

Cypenua , 97 , 218

Cypnipedium, 216 , 218

Ca OApenma , 84

Dacnyonema , 14

Daiea , 1 19 , 123 , 125

Daphnopaia , 361- 366

DaAyi ini on, 118

Dai ana , 22 , 204- 207

Deieaaeni aceae, I3 , 14

Deinoni ea , 314 , 315

Deni icui a , 294

0210063 ,83 , 84

Du champaia ,453- 455

DeAmani haA , 218

na ma/Lu cia ,10

Deamodium, 123

Diani hena ,217

Diannhena ,218

Diat oma ,294

Di chant hei ia ,252

Di chant hel i um, 251- 253 , 261 - 269

Di coi yi edoneae, l

Di ci yoneunopaia ,13

Di ci yoi a ,13

Di ei ei i ea ,149

Dime/ Legnama ,294

Di OACOILeaCea, 348

Dipi dax ,347

Dipl oneia ,294 ,

431

Dipaacus ,222

Dipi ena ,15

Dini chi ei i a ,280 , 281

DiAAani hei i um, 246 , 248

G I A Vol . 61 , No .

Dougiab bia , 98

DnyOpi eaiA, 217- 219

Duina ,205

Dyééodia ,217

Eccni nai ea, 14

Echi nochi oa , 252

Eehi nodonaa, 218

Ect ocanpua ,287 , 296

Ehnei ia , 336

Eiaeagnuo, 222

Ei i i Opaoi di om, 430

Ei i ipaoi di om, 432

Ei eochania, 218

Empé ei ium, 19

Endogone, 14

Ent enomonpha , 286 , 296 , 425-427

Eni enopogon, 19 , 20

Eni oi nhi za , 14

Epi t hemia ,285

EquiaeIOphgt a , 212- 215 , 219 , 223 ,

224

Enagnoai eae, 15

Enemiaainum, 299

Eni genon, 120 , 299

Eni ogonum, 124

Enyi hni na , 83 , 95

Enyi hnodenmia ,20

Engi hnoxyiaceae, 150 , 153

Enyt hnoxyium, 6 , 150- 157

Espei exia ,54 , 55 , 61

EApei ei i i nae, 51 , 61

Euci enodendnon, 88 , 385 , 417

Eucienodendnam, 407

Eugenia ,126- 130 , 139- 141 , 356

360

Eugi ena ,296

Eugi enOphyi a , 287 , 289 , 291 , 296

Euomymaa, 222

Eupani cum, 251

Eupai oni eae, 77

Euphonbia ,218

Euphonbiaceae, l

Eul hamia , 125

Fabaceae, 122 , 125

Fabi na ,232

Feat /bum , 242

Feaiuca ,231 , 234 , 236- 241 , 243

249

Pi cua ,83

Fi i i nia ,426

Fiachu eti a ,429

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1 987 I ndex

Ni i zachia ,287 , 294 , 295 , 432

Nocandia , 97

Noai oe, 429 , 431

Noi hoceainum, 343- 345

Oenoihenia , 247

Oenai edi ani hua , 62

Oi ea , 334 , 335

Oi eani a ,299

Oi'i gocymoaa , 401

Oi iQOApenmium, 443

Oii uenia , 429

i i di OpAi A, 14 , 20

Omphaianihua , 445- 447

Omphai Ophyi ium, 13

Oocyai ia , 432

Ophi onecinia , 97

Opunzia , 1 18

Onchi daceae, 348

Onei i hai ea , 242 , 248

Onyzopaia , 16

Osci i i ai oaia , 285 , 296 , 429- 432

Oi ai ea ,118

Oui eda , 31 , 32 , 99 , 101 , 103

Paedenia , 142

Paepaiani haa , 444

Paimania, 11 , 20

Panax , 215 , 216

PandanuA , 83

Pani ceae, 422

Panicui ai a , 185 , 406 , 407 , 417

Pani cum, 214 , 218 , 251- 269

Panai ia , 297

Panameci um, 425Pani deae, 346 , 348

Fania, 349

Panmei i a , 190 , 191 , 194- 200

Panmei i a ceae, 189 , 191 , 193 ,

195 , 197 , 199 , 201 , 203

Panmei i na , 189 , 190

Pajunot / Lema , 190

PaApai i diam, 252

PaApaium, 48 , 218

Paui ownia , 324

Paunochaei i um, 251

Pavei i a , 165 , 168

Pedei ea , 426

Pedi cui ania, 218

Pennai ea , 293 , 430

Penagu , 183

Peni ci ymeni , 30 , 33

Peni come, 121

509

PenomyacuA ,14

Pu yM eni ,31

Pet aai i ea ,16 , 98 , 180 , 184 , 186

Pet nOphyi um, 124

Petnoaavi eae, 348

Peyaiaehia ,453

Peyni i b chi a , 453- 455

Phacua , 296

Phaeophyceae, 12 . 13

Phaeophyt a , 11 , 287 . 288 , 291 ,

296

Phanmacium,93

Phanmacum, 32Phi iodendaon, 441 - 443

Phi ox, 218

Phoenix,69 , 82

Phonmi dium, 431 , 432

Phnagmi i ea , 218

Phyeodnya ,20

Phyaai OApoaa ,181

Pi nnahoia ,98 , 169 , 183 , 184

Pi nnui ani a ,295 , 431 , 432

Pi nOphyi a , 212- 215 , 219 , 220 ,

223 , 224

Pi na8 , 216 , 223 , 297

Piani a ,180

Piani ago, 236 , 238 , 241 , 243 ,

245

Piai ygi oea ,14

Piai yi hamni on,13 , 20

Pi ectonema , 285

Piaenoapoai um, 12 , 20

Pieunoai gma , 295

Poa ,I6 , 124 , 218 , 231 , 234 , 236

240 , 242—244 , 246 , 247 , 249

Poaceae, 15 , 124 , 212 , 251 , 269

Podocanpaa ,196 , 198 , 334 , 335 ,

337

Poeei iocenaa,97

Pogoini chaceae, I3

Poi ci i i opai i ,360

Poianiaia , 122

Poi emonia ceae, 124

Poi emoni um,I8

Poi i i epia , 196

Poi ygonaceae, 124

Poi ygonum, 214 , 218

PoiuneuAOpaiA ,I4 , 20

Poi gpodi ophyi a ,212- 216 , 219 ,

220 , 223 , 224

Poi ypodium,217

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512

(vi cki ei i a , 13

wanmbaeoideae, 346 , 347 , 349

wunmbea, 347

Xant hOpanmei ia , 189

Xant hophyceae, 429- 432

Xant hOphyt a , 287 , 288 , 291

Xenophyi ium, 347Xe4 08pinaea , 125

Zei i ienopi enia, 311 , 313- 315

P H Y T 0 L O G I A Vol .

Zigadenua, 347

Zi novaea , 21

Zi zypha a, 69

Zoai ena, 16 , 17

Zacha , 137

Zani i ia , 62- 64 , 66

Zygnemai ai ea , 433

Pu bl icat ion dat es

Vol umeVol umeVol umeVol umeVol umeVol umeVol ume

60 ,

61 ,

6T,

61 ,

6l ,

61 ,

NumberNumberNumberNumberNumberNumberNumber

7

05

01

wSept ember 10 , 1 986

Sept ember 30 , 1 986

Oct ober 20 , 1986

November 12 , 1986

November 17 , 1986

December 2 , 1986

December 24 , 1986