Hukum-hakam Syariah di antara Kethabitan dan Perubahan

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Transcript of Hukum-hakam Syariah di antara Kethabitan dan Perubahan

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Abstract

One o/f/ze significant issues discussed among the jurists is

the concept of changing (taghayyur) of law in Islamic

jurisprudence. The general perception ofjurists is that the

law may change according to the change of circumstances.

This has been manifested in various legal maxims as found

in the studies of Islamic jurisprudence and its principles.

This article attempts to clarify this concept by analyzing

several legal maxims and instances in indicating how does

the law change. In doing so, this article also highlights on

an inevitable question: does the change really take place in

Islamic Law; or the law just remains as it is, while the

change happens in certain circumstances and then attributed

to the law?

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