Flood Disater Risk Reduction and Risk Management of Pasig City

1

FLOOD DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF PASIG CITY

Robert John O Robassup1

Introduction

The World Risk Report 2011 assessed the vulnerability of 173 countries to natural hazards and their ability to handle the aftermath of natural disasters based on exposure susceptibility of the population coping capacity and adaptation strategy This report from the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Safety (UNU-EHS) revealed that the Philippines was the third most vulnerable worldwide because of the frequency of calamities such as typhoons floods landslides and earthquake combined with the countryrsquos ineffectual disaster preparedness programs (Mucke 2011)

Being one of the most disaster-prone

countries in the world the Philippines had long experiences in dealing with responding to and managing disasters Since the 1970s the country has shifted its approach from disaster preparedness and response to disaster management in the 1980s to disaster risk management in the 1990s and disaster risk reduction in the years 2005 and beyond This evolution paved the way to the paradigm shift in the way people communities and government think act and respond to the current and emerging risks that continually face them

In 1978 the National Disaster Coordinating

Council (NDCC) was established through Presidential Decree (PD) 1566 as the highest policy making body and the focal organization for disaster management in the country This law also provided for the establishment of regional provincial city municipal and barangay disaster coordinating councils These DCCs were formed primarily to advice the President andor the local chief executive on all natural disaster preparedness and management plans recommend the declaration of state calamity and the release of calamity funds for relief and rescue operations among others (PD 1566 NDRRMF 2011)

In 2005 President Gloria Macapagal

Arroyo approved the implementation of the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) Four Point Plan of Action for Preparedness (4PPAP) which aimed to increase public awareness and involvement in measures put in place by the government to minimize the impact of disasters in the future (NDRRM 2011) Republic Act No 10121 was also legislated as continuous policy prior to SNAP program However despite such progress problems were still seen during Bagyong Ondoy in

September 2009 where Philippines was badly hit and many of the cities and provinces like Pasig City flood was as high as eight meters or eight hundred centimeters approximately

During Typhoon Ondoy the Pasig City

government incurred huge damages in infrastructures buildings (P11800000000-US$3B) Roadsdrainages(P1500000000-US $36B) Government buildings schools health centers playgrounds (P800000000 or US$20 B) Government vehicles equipment and facilities (P14 609 791or US$35M) not included were the many innocent people who died during the catastrophe (Porio 2011)

The adverse disaster happened again last

August 2012 when deadly floods brought by southwest monsoon (Habagat) have swamped Metro Manila and other provinces The amount of rainfall brought by southwest monsoon surpasses typhoon Ondoy that prompted some local government to declare state of calamity From the records of NDRRMC a total of forty nine (49) citiesmunicipalities in Region IIII IV-A IV-B XII and NCR was declared under State of Calamity wherein the Pasig City were included The total cost of damages of southwest monsoon for infrastructure is Php 639128 23000 and for agriculture is Php162441081514 or combined damages for infrastructure and agriculture amounting of Php 2263539 04514 (NDRRMC 2012)

In the Local Government of Pasig the

affected places of southwest monsoon are twenty four barangays (24) seven thousand one hundred fifty (7150) families or thirty three thousand two hundred eighty (33280) persons (NDRRMC 2012)

2

Data do not include those unreported statistics of affected families recorded from each barangay of Pasig

People who live in poverty and adverse

socio-economic conditions are highly vulnerable to disasters The most vulnerable sectors include the poor the sick people with disabilities older persons women and children Although many people may be affected these sectors will have the least capacity to recover from the impact of disasters This situation is exacerbated by rapid urbanization environmental degradation and the increasing risk of environmental disasters whether as a result of direct human impact and or from climate change The risks induced by these hazards have big effects on the countryrsquos economic development targets and programming as well as in the overall welfare of the people and their properties especially on the poor and most vulnerable groups

The milestone towards disaster risk

reduction- disaster risk management preparedness is prevention rather than recovery The protection and security of houses properties and the life of every human individual during a disaster must be given utmost attention by the government The researcher is very much interested to know the flood disaster risk management-disaster risk reduction of the city government of Pasig This study will serve as a wake-up call to the community and officials to formulate or improved necessary disaster management measures to reduce the vulnerability in risk reduction risk recovery relief and rehabilitation plan and the like In addition the vigilance of the public regarding disaster management preparedness and other related measures to protect their rights are the main concerns of the researcher because this will warrant saving and protecting life property and conserving properly the natural environments

Flood Abstract amp Situation in Pasig City

Pasig City is one of the highly developed

cities in the Metropolitan Manila area due to rapid development and its accessible location is suited for doing business like the Ortigas area The growth and political stability of city encourage many people to migrate within the city to find opportunities As a result city became highly industrialize and polluted by permanent structure such as buildings and houses to accommodate the needs of the city for progress

In the Metro Manila structure Pasig is located at the eastern boundary of Metro-Manila and within the intermediate core together with Muntinlupa Valenzuela Las Pintildeas Paranaque Marikina Taguig Pateros In the national structure it lies within the Laguna de Bay basin and between two coastal growth centers of Metro Manila and MARILAQUE It lies approximately on the southern end of Pasig River and is bounded by Quezon City and Marikina City on the North the City of Mandaluyong on the West Pateros Tagig and Makati City on the South and Rizal towns of Cainta and Taytay on the East

The city is the catch basin of all excess

water from Marikina river Pasig river Napindan Channel human made Manggahan floodway The Manggahan floodway is created by the national government to catch water from the mountain due to diminished forests in Antipolo and Rizal province Cited to PAGASA (2012) the capacity of river and the flow rate during Ondoy the Marikina river has a current capacity of 2900msup3second Pasig river with 500msup3second Napindan Channel with 35msup3second and Manggahan Floodway with 2400msup3second

The risk is further exacerbated by

inappropriate human practices contributing to still higher levels of natural hazards such as deforestation lack of drainage systems and concrete and asphalt paving all of which lessen the absorption capacity of the plant layer For these reasons disaster risk management means not only intervention in and control of natural phenomena but also (and especially) modification of existing land use practices occupation practices and economic activities that generate hazards and vulnerabilities it also means strengthening the application of risk reduction criteria in development planning

Expert such as Palafox Associates and Dr

Britton suggested that Ondoy and Habagat floodings is as a result of poor urban planning coupled with poor environmental management People built houses along the riverbanks most especially in floodway that block the water flowing to the Laguna De Bay Poor solid waste management is also factor despite the mandate of RA 9003 (Solid Waste Management Act) the garbages clogged the water ways and causes flood The man made Manggahan Floodway built in 1980rsquos cuts across the city from the Marikina river bend in Brgy Rosario down to Laguna Bay About 3 km of Manggahan floodway traverse the city in particular barangay Rosario and Maybunga The

3

Manggahan floodway is part of Metro Manila flood control program that prevents flooding in Manila and its vicinity through diversion of about 70 of the water coming from Marikina River to flow towards the Laguna de Bay and only 30 to flow to the Pasig River (Pasig City Profile2010) Figure 4 the map shows that the city is highly susceptible to flood based on Mines and Geo Science Bureau (PIA 2012)

Aside from two natural bodies influencing

flood in the city (Marikina River and Pasig River) the drainage lines within the City of Pasig have a total aggregate length of 104 kilometers consisting of open canal covered canal and underground reinforced pipes This represents the drainage facilities installed in private subdivision which are mostly underground reinforced concrete pipes Almost all thoroughfares and residential areas have underground drainage facilities while most high density residential areas are provided with open or closed canal to relieved the city of storm flooding In total sixteen (17) other creeks serve as the cityrsquos drainage outfall A total of 26 km of creeks runs through the territory and periphery of Pasig At present Pasig has three (3) pumping stations located on both ends of the Parian Creek in Ilugin Pinagbuhatan and Kapasigan and at San Agustin creek Barangay Pinagbuhatan with combined pumping capacity of 10 gallonsminute (Pasig City Profile 2010)

The City of Pasig created a Comprehensive

Land Use Plan that identified the existing flood situation and listed the current status of creeks within the city which Table 3 shows The status of seventeen creeks reveals one reason for the flood on the last typhoon Ondoy of September 2009 and Habagat of August 2012 Most of the creeks were dried-up silted or totally lost due to infrastructures built within such as houses by squatters or illegal settlers commercial establishments etc the development of the city paved way to look for vacant place that shall be utilized for industrial business or houses occupation Hence since the city is highly urbanized vacant area for commercial consumptions are very limited As result water ways was converted and sacrifice

For instance the Parian creek (Bitukang

Manok) that serves as outlet of water within the city to Marikina river which was culvert and filled from Plaza Bonifacio to Marikina River 400 meters and occupied by structures of Rio de Pasig Linear Park Brgy Out-post Brgy Multipurpose Hall San Jose Barangay Hall commercial establishments and houses which eventually in absence of water ways

resulted to flooding in Sto Tomas Sta Cruz and City hall and other parts of the city

Bautista et al (2011) summarized Dr

Lagmayrsquos presentation entitled ldquoFlood Risk Mitigation Learning from Ondoyrdquo presented during the NDRRM planning workshop conducted by OCD that there is a consensus that the intensity and volume of Ondoy was unusually high it was beyond the capacity of existing drainage systems natural or man-made in Metro Manila However events of greater magnitude may have happened in the past According to Taiwanese experts typhoon Morakot brought three times as much rain as Ondoy delivered There are also human activities contributory to the mishap One is groundwater subsidence There are areas in Valenzuela Rosario Las Pintildeas and Dasmarintildeas showing land subsidence which are believed to have been caused by excessive extraction of groundwater The areas are subsiding at 5cmyear (Bautista et al 2011)

Statement of the Problem

It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the flood disaster management program of Pasig City a local government unit in the National Capital Region during calendar year 2012

Specifically the study sought answers to the

following sub problems

1 What is the demographic profile of the Pasig City local government officials who respond to disasters in terms of

11 age 12 gender 13 government affiliation 14 position held and 15 length of service

2 What is the evaluation of Flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) programs of the Pasig City 3 Is there any significant relationship between socio demographic profiles and evaluation on the flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) programs in terms of

31 government affiliation 32 position held and 33 length of service

4

4 What are the problems encountered in the implementation of Flood Disaster Risk Management-Disaster Risk Reduction program in the City of Pasig 5 What are the Flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) program needs in terms of

51 Program objectives 52 Program resources 521 staff 522 physical resources and 523 budgetary allocation 53 Program activities 531prevention and mitigation 532 emergency preparedness and risk

reduction 533 emergency response and 534 rehabilitation and recovery

6 Is there any significant difference between the responses of barangays to the implementation of DRR-DRM program in their respective area Hypotheses 1 There is no significant relationship between the socio-demographic profiles of respondent and the disaster risk management-risk reduction DRR-DRM program of Pasig City for flood

2 There is no significant difference between the responses of barangays to the implementation of disaster risk reduction- risk management program in their respective area Methodology

The study was conducted to assess and evaluate the flood disaster risk reduction and management program of Pasig City a local government unit in the National Capital Region using the fundamentals of programprojectactivities (PPA) designed and implementation taking into consideration the input-process-output linkages in the series of activities

The study focused on the nineteen (19)

barangays severely affected by the Typhoon Ondoy

of September 2009 and South West Monsoon (Habagat) of August 2012 These are the Barangay Chairmen Councilors and the Head of the Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils of Barangay Manggahan Maybunga Pinagbuhatan Rosario San Miguel Santolan Sta Lucia Bagong Ilog Bambang Caniogan Kalawaan Malinao Palatiw Pineda Sagad San Joaquin Sto Tomas Santa Cruz and Ugong Also the key personnel of the planning division Committee in Disaster Management and Department of Engineering of LGU-Pasig City Hall that are directly in task in disaster management implementation shall also be included as participants of the study

These respondents sought to answer the questions and framework of PDRRMF on national policy for disaster management pursuant to Republic Act No 10121 also known as ldquoPhilippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010Prime and to other mainstream policy context for disaster management program specifically the Philippine Development Plan Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Hyogo Framework for Actions (HFA) Asean Agreement on Disaster management and Emergency Response (AADMER) International Disaster Response Law (IDRL) Kyoto Protocol and United Nations (UN) All policy context and DRRMF focuses in disaster risk management on (1) prevention and mitigation (2) emergency preparedness and risk reduction (3) emergency response and (4) rehabilitation and recovery These four areas will be the key assessment areas of the study for disaster management preparedness of Pasig City

The study utilized the descriptive method of

research employing quantitative and qualitative approach Hence a researcher made questionnaire is used employing purposive sampling to gather data from respondents and interview schedule was employed to collect data from groups of respondents Likert scale was utilized to interpret the data and Percentage Weighted Mean Chi Square and F test was employed to treat the data gathered Henceforth the study is collaborated by the literatures records and data examined by the researcher and the observation conducted to the places affected by the floods

Out of the 180 survey questionnaires only

151 were retrieved considered and used in the study The study is collaborated by the literatures records and data examined by the researcher and the observation conducted to the places affected by the floods

5

Summary of Findings

1 The respondents are predominately males mostly affiliated with the barangay with the position of barangay councilors and had been serving as officials for 4 to 7 years More than 13 of the respondents have ages 46 years old and above while only 6 have ages as young as 18 to 25 years old

2 On the overall the respondents assessed

the Flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) programs of the Pasig City as effective

3 There is no significant relationship

between the variables government affiliation position and length of service and the respondents on the overall assessment of the flood DRR-DRM

4 The respondents disagree that they

encounter problems in lack of disaster management plan lack of coordination between LGU NGONG amp other agency and delayed implementation of project However the respondents moderately agree that they encounter problems in budget Awareness thru education amp information Community participation Political will (Leadership of Officials) Community resistance manpower poor implementation of law and insufficient assistance from National Government

5 Flood Disaster Risk Management-

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) program

51 In terms of program objectives the respondents assessed the flood DRR- DRM program to be effective 52 Flood DRR-DRM Program Resources

521 In terms of program resources the respondents assessed that the city has a sufficient physical resources in the life savings jacket life saving buoys rescue boat search light water proof battery generators diving suit ambulance vehicles (transportation) early warning device portable toilets evacuation area fire alarm system telephone services and health facilities

522 The respondents assessed that the city has a sufficient funding in prevention and mitigation emergency preparedness and risk reduction emergency response rehabilitation and recovery

53 Flood DRR-DRM Program Activities

531 In terms of program activities in prevention and mitigation the respondents agree that the needed plans are hazard mapping and urban planning education and awareness sufficient shelter food amp cloths antibiotics and medical kits transportation to help the effected people community involvement and participation infrastructure de-clogging of water ways and canals dredging of rivers and early warning mechanism

532 In terms of program activities

in emergency preparedness and risk reduction the respondents assessed that the community level are responsive and aware of the disaster risk factors First the communities organize themselves to monitor potential disaster Second there are warning systems in place to the community level Third communities are ready and understand official warning and react Fourth community vulnerable has evacuation plansmaps Fifth there are training simulation exercise or local drills conducted at the community level Sixth the training conducted at the community level is relevant Lastly there is disaster awareness and public information projects or programmes being undertaken to the community


in emergency response the respondents assess that the plan for life preservation and supply of the basic needs of affected population during the actual and immediate after the disaster are responsive and effective The program for relief operation search and rescue disseminationinformation sharing of disaster related information developmentprovision of temporary shelter health service psycho social support early recovery mechanism management of dead and missing evacuation management social protection intervention and civil amp uniformed services coordination are responsive

534 In terms of program for

rehabilitation and recovery the respondent assess that the government action taken to restore and improved the living conditions of the affected residents are efficient The program for livelihood for affected victims search and retrieval shelterrelocation for affected victims psycho social counseling infrastructure and relocation plan post disaster need assessment and environmental protection are efficient

6

6 Significant Difference between the Responses Per Barangay and DRR-DRM Program

61 There distinction on responses per

barangay and the objectives of flood disaster risk reduction-risk management program Hence the null hypothesis regarding the assessment by the officials of different barangay in terms of program objectives is rejected

62 There is disparity on the assessment

of flood DRM-DRR programs in terms of program resources for staff physical resources and budgetary allocation and the officials of different barangay of Pasig City Therefore the null hypothesis regarding the assessment by the officials of different barangay in terms of program resources is rejected

63 There is divergence on the

assessment of Flood DRM-DRR programs in terms of program activities and the officials of different barangay of Pasig City All computed Frsquos for prevention and mitigation emergency preparedness and risk reduction emergency response and rehabilitation and recovery are exceeding the critical value thus the null hypothesis is rejected

Conclusions

Based on the above findings the following conclusions are stated

1 The respondents are predominately males mostly affiliated with the barangay with the position of barangay councilors and had been serving as officials for 4 to 7 years More than 13 of the respondents have ages 46 years old and above and 6 have ages as young as 18 to 25 years old

2 The Flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) programs of the Pasig City for prevention and mitigation disaster preparedness and risk reduction emergency response and rehabilitation and recovery are effective

3 It found out that there is no significant relationship between the variables of government affiliation position and length of service and the responses of barangay officials on the overall assessment of the flood DRM-DRR

4 It resulted that respondents moderately agree that they encounter problems in budget

awareness thru education amp information community participation political will (Leadership of Officials) community resistance manpower poor implementation of law and insufficient assistance from National Government On the other hand the respondents disagree that they encounter problems in lack of disaster management plan lack of coordination between LGU NGONG amp other agency and delayed implementation of project

5 It attested that the program objectives of flood Disaster Risk Management- Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM-DRR) program are effective Further program resources for physical needs and funding for DRR-DRM are sufficient

6 It shows that the DRR-DRM program activities in prevention and mitigation needed the plan for First hazard mapping and urban planning Second education and awareness Third sufficient shelter food amp cloths Fourth antibiotics and medical kits Fifth transportation to help the effected people Fifth community involvement and participation Sixth infrastructure Seventh de-clogging of water ways and canals Eighth dredging of rivers Lastly early warning mechanism Moreover the program activities in emergency preparedness and risk reduction resulted to be responsive Likewise the program activities in emergency response emphasized to be effective and responsive Similarly in terms of program for rehabilitation and recovery confirmed to be efficient

7 It shows on F computation that there is distinction on responses per barangay and DRR-DRM program for objectives program resources and program activities in prevention and mitigation disaster preparedness and risk reduction emergency response and rehabilitation and recovery

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions the following recommendations are made to improved the current flood DRR-DRM program and for future research Prevention and Mitigation

1 Carry out more comprehensive vulnerability assessments to identify the risk and

7

hazard Mapping is very effective as mitigation measures Assessment of all physical infrastructures number amp classification of people at risk and hazard areas is very significant to reduce risk

2 Incorporate the study of Disaster Risk

Reduction in formal school as part of the curriculum so that at a young age students will be educated on environmental awareness and its harmful effect

3 Encourage multi-sectoral participation in

DRR-DRM program and activities Ex School to conduct socio-civil activities about flood disaster Companies to participate in tree planting or environmental activities

4 Educate the barangay officials and

volunteers about the DRR and their role in the community Further encourage them to participate in the training about DRR Training must be periodic and barangay must have an evaluation assessment and inventory of human physical resources

5 Aside from the CCTV installed in the

community the LGU and barangay is also encouraged to put up a visible public address system (ie megaphone) that will serve as early warning device at the community level

6 Installations of flood control system in

strategic areas are encouraged Most especially on those low lying barangays near the main water ways

7 The purchased and installations of

disaster management medical kits and box to barangays are suggested

8 The continuous programs of the city in

reclogging of canals drainage and sewerage systems should be encouraged

9 The rehabilitation and reclamation of

Bitukang Manok River are strongly suggested or the creation of new water ways connected to Marikina river are suggested to reduce the impact of floods within the city

10 Activation formation and empowerment

of BDRRCC BDRRCO and volunteers are strongly suggested to each barangay

Emergency Preparedness and Risk Reduction

11 Encourage the community to

build their own capacity by establishment community disaster group link to barangay and LGU that will monitor disaster in their area

12 Conduct more trainings seminars and

drills to the community base about the disaster risk reduction Information dissemination of leaflets journal caricature and cartoonist is significant

13 Encourage the community to participate

in the activities and training conducted in the community level Most likely required member (at least one per family) to undergo training on first aid and basic life support

14 Encourage the people to volunteer in

disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management

15 Develop a policy of coordination among

departments and agency involved in LDRRMC Emphasize a bottom up decentralized approach about DRM-DRR program

16 Build a coordination capacity from the

Pasig City local government to other neighboring cities communities and national government We remember that Local government code give local autonomy to each LGU these hampered the coordination due to different policies and strategies imposed in each city However links between the cities is very important in order to notify each other of the plan about DRR ldquoNo one can stand on their ownrdquo disaster needs a multi sectoral and partnership approach in order to lessen the vulnerability

17 The flood management plan must

specifically identify the source of fund and the process how it should be tap Emergency Response

18 Secure of master list of areas families

and individuals that are in high risk or prone to disaster

19 It is suggested to have an annual

inventory of physical resources and capacity of all barangay to determine their needs in disaster response and preparedness

8

20 Purchase of necessary equipment to barangays based on their respective needs in disaster phase

21 Purchased of additional vehicles that

shall be used for transportation and emergency Rehabilitation and Recovery 22 Coordinate with the national government

thru National Housing Authority for possible relocation Relocate those people in flood prone areas especially those living near the river and water ways

23 Coordinate with the National

Government to create an institutionalized policy on rehabilitation dredging and cleaning of Marikina River Pasig River Napindan channel and Manggahan Floodway

24 Continuous implementation of ordinance

and program for environmental protection in tree planting banning of plastic usage in the city and segregation of garbage as mandated by RA No 9003 RA No 9729 and other statutory laws

25 It is suggested that a replicate of this

study be conducted using other respondents and variables to validate the findings of the study or to explore other important dimensions of the topic in disaster risk reduction-risk management Endnotes 1 Mr Robert John O Robas 24 is currently an assistant professor and Program Head of College of Arts and Science at AMA Computer College-Pasig Campus He is also a part-time instructor under Department of Political Science at Rizal Technological University (2011-Present) and Department of Social Sciences at Jose Rizal University (2013-Present) He handled subjects in History Economics Philosophy Political Science Sociology and Public Administration Aside from teaching he is also a Local Legislative Officer III of Local Government of Mandaluyong under the office of Councillor Atty Jesus C Cruz in committees on Environmental Protection amp Technology and Barangay Affairs which responsible for research and drafting of proposed measures in the city He graduated Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Master of Arts in Public Administration at Rizal

Technological University and currently studying PhD in Developmental Studies at De La Salle University under the scholarship apprenticeship program of DLSU - Jesse M Robredo Institute of Governance (JMRIG) He is speaker policy developer consultant and active in community organizing and development Bibliography A Books Aczel Amir D (1996) ldquoComplete Business Statisticsrdquo 3

rd Edition Bethley College Student

Edition ISBN 0-256-13894-X Instructors Edition ISBN 0-256-20678-3 Printed in United States of America Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (2001) ldquoCommunity Based Disaster Management Course Participants Workbookrdquo Partnerships for Disaster Reduction- South East Asia Program Aldrich Nancy and William F Benson (2008) ldquoDisaster Preparedness and the Chronic Disease Needs of Vulnerable Older Adultsrdquo Preventing Chronicle Disease Public Health Research Practice and Policy Volume 5 No 1 January 2008 Correa E (Ed) 2011 Preventive Resettlement for Populations at Risk of Disater Experiences from Latin America Washington DC World Bank Delica Zenaida G (2005) ldquoDisaster Preparedness And Management Innovations In The Philippinesrdquo Citizensrsquo Disaster Response Center (CDRC) 72-ATimes St West Triangle Homes PO Box 2893 CPO Quezon City Philippines EMI Brochure BR-07-02 (2007) ldquoThe Disaster Risk Management Master Plan of Metro Manilardquo Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative 2F Puno Bldg Annex 47 Kalayaan Ave Quezon City 1101 Philippines ISDR (2011) ldquoDisaster Risk Reduction in the United Nations 2011 Roles mandates and areas of work of key United Nations entitiesrdquo International Strategy for Disaster Reduction GFDRR(2011) ldquoDisaster Risk Management in 2011 Investing Smart for Resultsrdquo Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery the (GFDRR) Iwan Gunawan The World Bank Office ndashJakarta February 3 2011 World Bank HQ Washington DC USA

9

Nordic Agency for Development and Ecology and GEF Evaluation Office (2007) ldquoCountry Program Case Study The Philippinesrdquo Joint Evaluation of the GEF Small Grants Programme July 2007 Morillo Odon (2001) ldquoTowards A Community-Based Risk Reduction Approachrdquo paper presented at the Disaster Management Practitioners Workshop Da Nang Vietnam November 2002 Mucke Peter (2011) ldquoWorldRiskReport2011rdquo Bundnis Entwicklung Hilft Alliance Development Works United Nation University UNU-EHS Institute for Environment and Human Security ISBN 978-3-9814495-1-8 Porio Emma PhD (2011) ldquoEnhancing Institutional Arrangements For Climate Change Adaptation The Case Of Pasig City In Metro Manilardquo Paper presented at the Cities at Risk II Conference Academia Sinica Taipe April 11-13 2011 Ramiacuterez F and D Rubiano (2009) ldquoIncoporando la gestioacuten del riesgo de desastres en la planificacioacuten territorialrdquo Prevencioacuten de Desastres en la Comunidad Andina (PREDECAN) Lima Sevilla Consuelo G Et Al (2002) ldquoResearch Methods Revised Editionrdquo ISBN-971-23-1058 (Printed May 2002) Rex Book Store Manila Philippines Walpole Ronald E (2002) ldquoIntroduction to Statistics Third Editionrdquo Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd 23 First Lok Road Jurong Singapore 629733 ISBN 981- 4009-51-2 Printed in the Philippines World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision (database) Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat World Bank (2002) ldquoNatural disaster risk management in the Philippines Enhancing poverty alleviation through disaster reductionrdquo World Bank East Asia And Pacific Region Rural Development

Victoria Lorna P (2002) ldquoCommunity Based Disaster Management In The Philippines Making a Difference in Peoplersquos Livesrdquo Center for Disaster Preparedness CSWCD Bldg Ramon Magsaysay Avenue University of the Philippines Diliman Campus Quezon City Philippines

Villanueva Jed l (2010) ldquoDisaster Management Plan of Municipality of Camalig Albayrdquo Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council ndashCamalig Albay B Newspapers and Journals ADP (2001) ldquoThe Philippine Disaster Management Story Issues and challengesrdquo Asian Disaster Preparedness Center PO Box 4 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand October 2001 Bautista Rostum J Et al (2011) ldquoNational Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (NDRRM) Planning Workshoprdquo (activity report) Summit Ridge Hotel Tagaytay City 11-13 July 2011 National Defense College of the Philippines Berza Katharina Anne D (2008) ldquoTowards Achieving disaster-resilient communitiesrdquo Health Alert Asia-Pacific Edition (Issue No 12) ISSN 0116-1202 page 10-11 Comprehensive Land Use Plan (2010) Planning Department Office (Available at) Pasig City Hall Pasig City LGU De Vera Ellalyn B (2012) ldquoNew Color Coding for Rainsrdquo Manila Bulletin Vol 476 No 10 August 10 2012 page 1 Dimaandal Marianito M (2010) EO No 888 ldquoAdopting the Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) on Disaster risk Reduction (DRR) 2009-2019 and Institutionalizing DRRrdquo Malacanang Records Office June 21 2010 EMI Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (2007) ldquoThe Disaster Risk Management Plan of Metro Manilardquo 2F Puno Bldg Annex 47 Kalayaan Ave Quezon City EMI Brochure BR-07-02 Flood Disaster Risk Reduction amp Management of 2012 Manual available at Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Pasig City Hall Gazmin Voltaire (2010) ldquoImplementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of RA 10121rdquo NationalDisaster Risk Reduction and management Council NDMC Centre Camp Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Quezon City Mc David (2005) ldquoResearch Designs for Program Evaluationrdquo 03-McDavid-4724 McNamara Carter (2002) ldquoA Basic Guide to Program Evaluationrdquo Authencity Consulting LLC The Grantsmanship Center (800) 421-9512

10

NDRM (2000) ldquoNatural Disaster Risk Management in the Philippines Enhancing Poverty Alleviation through Disaster Reductionrdquo 33822 Vol 1 The World Bank East Asia and pacific Region Rural Development National Disaster Coordination Council republic of the Philippines NDRRMP (2011) ldquoNational Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028rdquo DILG-Resources-2012116-420ac59e31pdf (PDF Downloadable DILG Website) Romero Alexis (2012) ldquoMonsoon death toll hits 65rdquo The Philippine Star Vol XXVII No 15 August 11 2012 Rabonza Glenn J (2009) NDCC UPDATE FINAL Report on Tropical Storm ldquoOndoyrdquoand Typhoon ldquoPepengrdquo Glide No TC-2009-000205-PHL and Glide No TC2009-000214-PHL(September 24-27 and September 30-October 10 2009) National Disaster Coordinating Council National Disaster management Center Camp Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Quezon City Philippines Pasig City Profile (2010) Pasig City Hall C Online DatabaseInternet Website Abat Crispina B (2006) Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction 2006 Manual [Online] Available PPT March 15 to 17 2006 (Date Retrieved November 2012) httpwwwadrcasia acdr2006seouldocuments006bcountry_presenPhilippinespdf Cephorg (2012) ldquoOutcome Assessment for School and Program Effectiveness Linking Planning and Evaluation to Mission Goals and objectivesrdquo (Date Retrieved December 2012) httpwwwcephorg pdfLinkingProgramEvaluationtoMissionpdf Duque Atty Priscilla P (2005) ldquoDisaster management and critical issues on disaster Risk reduction in the Philippinesrdquo paper presented at International Workshop on Emergency Response and Rescue October 31 ~ November 1 2005 httpncdrnatgovtwiwerrdocpdfS1020PDFs10-420ATTYpdf Disaster Risk Profile (2012) Philippines GFDRR (Available Online PDF File) httpgfdrrorgctrydrmnotesPhilippinespdf

Dimaandal Marianito (2010) Executive Order No 888 Office of the President [Official Gazette Online] Available PPP httpwwwndrrmcgovph attachments048EO20888 20SNAPpdf FEMA (2013) Ready Campaign (Date Retrieved January 2013) httpwwwreadygovfloods Forces of Nature TQ 2000 Flooding httplibrarythinkquestorgC003603englishflooding indexshtml (Date Retrieved November 2012) Geronimo Gian C (2012) ldquoP5 billion for immediate flood-control projects approved by NEDArdquo GMA News (September 5 2012) httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory 272718 newsnationp5-billion-for-immediate-flood-control-projects-approved-by-neda Guidelines on Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development Land Use Planning (Available Online Date Retrieved November 2012) httpwwwnedagovphreferencesGuidelinesDRRGuidelines20on20Mainstreaming20DRR20in20Subnational20Development20Land20Use20Planningpdf Hyogo Framework for Actions Philippines(2008) An HFA Monitor update published by Prevention Webhttpwwwpreventionwebnetfiles7495_Philippinespdf HFA (2005) Hyogo Framework for Actions 2005-2015 ldquoWorld Conference on Disaster Reduction January 18-22 2005 Kobe Hyogo Japan [Online] Available PFP wwwunisdrorgDirectory ISDRhttpwwwadaptationlearningnetsitesdefault filesHyogo-framework-for-action-englishpdf Local Government Code (1991) httppppgovphwpcontentuploads201011The-Local-Government-of-the-Philippinespdf NDCC (2007) ldquoHistory of Disaster Management in the Philippinesrdquo (Date Retrieved October 2012)httpwwwndccgovphndccindexphpmodule=pagemasteramp PAGE_user_op=view_print National Geographic Website (2012) News Letter on Floods (Date Retrieved December 2012)httpenvironmentnationalgeographiccom environmentnatural-disastersfloods-profile Nacmara Cartel (2002) ldquoBasic Guide for Program Evaluationrdquo Austenticity Consulting LLC (Date Retrieved October 2012)

11

httpwwwtgcicommagazine A20Basic 20Guide20to20Program20Evaluationpdf NDRRMC Website (2012) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Portal Update httpwwwndrrmcgovph NCBI Resources (2012) ldquoMonitoring Unit-Based Innovations A Process Evaluation Approachrdquo (Date retrieved October 2012) httpwwwncbinlmnihgov pubmed8345878 Macaraig Mynardo (2012) ldquoPhilippine floods a man-made disastermdashexpertsrdquo Philippine Daily Inquirer August 9th 2012 httpnewsinfoinquirernet246867philippine-floods-a-man-made-disaster-experts MDG (2012) ldquoMillennium Development Goals Philippinesrdquo (Date Retrieved November 2012)httpwwwindexmundicomphilippinesmillennium-development-goalshtml Official Gazette (2012) ldquoNEDA Board approves 11 projects for flood control bridges transportation amp energyrdquo Office of the President MalacanangPalacehttpwwwgovph20120904neda-board-approves-11-projects-for-flood-control-bridges-transportation-energy PAGASA DOST Website (2012) ldquoDefinition And Nature Of Floodrdquo httpkidlatpagasadostgovph genmetfloodsdef_naturehtml RA No 10121 (2010) ldquoPhilippine Disaster Risk Management Act of 2010rdquo httpdownload-88floodwwwgovtwotherReCfile045_RA2010121pdf PIA (2012) ldquoFlood Hazard Map Of Pasig City QuadranglerdquoPhilip pine Information Agency Media Center Building Visayas Ave Diliman Quezon City Philippine httpwwwpiagovphnews hazzard phpgeomap=pasigampregmap=NC Philippine Development Plan (2011) 2011-2016 (Online) Available at Adobe Reader httpwwwnedagovphPDPrmpdprm2011-2016pdf Public Affair Branch (2012) ldquoProgram evaluation Methods Measurements and Attribution of Program Results Third Edition Review Practice and Studies Government Review and Quality Branch Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat Minister of Government Service

httpwwwtbs-sctgccaceepubsmethpem-mep-engpdf REPUBLIC ACT NO 9729 (2009) Climate Change Act of 2009 httpwwwchanroblescom republicactsrepublicactno9729php Santos Kara (2013) ldquoPhilippines Floods Prompt Climate Actionrdquo January 11 2013 Inter Press Service(Online)httpwwwipsnewsnet201208philippines-floods-prompt-climateaction Salazar Tessa R (2012) ldquoBad habits overdevelopment caused Metro floods say analystsrdquoAugust 18 2012 Philippine Daily Inquirerhttpnewsinfoinquirernet246867philippine-floods-a-man-made-disaster-experts Sardar Sarovar Narvada Nigam Limited (2012) ldquoDisaster Management Plan-2012 Flood Memorandum-2012rdquo Sardar Sarovar Narvada Nigam Limited Gandhinagar 382010 Block No 12 ground Floor Sardar Bhavan Gandhinaar Government of Gurat Indonesia PA 21 (2008) The Philippine Agenda 21 wwwembgovph UNISDR (2009) ldquo2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disasterrdquo Geneva UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction httpunisdrorgfiles7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglishpdf United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)(2009) ldquoNew Legislation in the Philippines places Disaster Risk Reduction as the first line of defense against climate change risksrdquohttpwwwunisdrorgarchive11516 VUSS (2012) ldquoIntroduction to Disaster Managementrdquo (Date Retrieved November 2012) Virtual University for Small States of Commonwealth Version 10 1055 httpwwwcolorgSiteCollectionDocumentsDisaster_Management_version_10pdf Webster Online Dictionary (2013) ldquoUrban Planningrdquo (Date Retrieved February 2013) httpwwwwebsterdictionaryorgdefinitionurban20planning World Population Prospects The 2007 Revision (database) Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat httpesaunorgunup

12

World Health Organization (2013) ldquoFlooding and communicable diseases fact sheet Risk assessment and preventive measuresrdquo (Date Retrieved February 23 2013) httpwwwwhoint hactechguidanceemsflood_cdsen D Related Studies (PublishedUnpublished) Anderson Mary B (1993) Lessons learned in Rehabilitation of population Displaced by Disaster and policy Implications of these Lessons for programs to Assist the Mt Pinatubo Victims Mt Pinatubo Rehabilitation options and Alternatives Research Study Project No 492-0432 Philippine Business for Social Science (PublishedAvailableOnline)httpwwwbahaistudiesnetasmain_search_of_alternativespdf Chhetri Dr Meen B Poudyal (2008) ldquoDisaster Management In Nepal A Reviewrdquo (a country paper presented) Ministry of Home Affairs Disaster Relief Section SinghaDurbar Kathmandu Nepal (International Research Published) Co Jason Christopher Ramos (2010) Community-Driven Disaster Intervention (Human Settlements Working paper Series Climate Change and Cities25) September 2010 (PublishedOnline) httpwwwsdinetorgmediauploaddocumentsHSWP2010Rayospdf De Leon Juan Carlos Villagran Et Al (2006) ldquoEvaluation of the capacity Building Programme for Natural Disaster Reduction (CBNDR) in Central America and the Caribbean (Available Online) Internal Oversight Service Evaluation Section IOSEVSPI68

Gil Sharon (2010) ldquoMaking Social Networks Workrdquo Post-Ondoy Flood Management In Metro Manila Philippines Asian Development Bank (Master Thesis Unpublished Report) Noson Linda (2012) ldquoHazard Mapping and Risk Assessmentrdquo Igional Workshop on Best Practices in Disaster Mitigation [(Published Online) Date Retrieved February2013] Linda Noson Associateshttpwwwadpcnetaudmprllw PDFhazard20mappingpdf E List of Interviewees Dr Neil Britton ADBrsquos Principal Disaster Risk Management Specialist Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD) Asian Development Bank (ADB) Philippines Mr Von Ong Head PRC- PasigPateros Branch Philippine Red Cross-Rizal Chapter Mr Richie Van Angeles Head Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office and Member LDRRMC Pasig City Hall City Hall Employees Department of Engineering Department of Planning Local Government of Pasig Barangay Captains Councillors BDRRC and Volunteers Barangay Officials 2012 Local Government of Pasig

2

Data do not include those unreported statistics of affected families recorded from each barangay of Pasig

People who live in poverty and adverse

socio-economic conditions are highly vulnerable to disasters The most vulnerable sectors include the poor the sick people with disabilities older persons women and children Although many people may be affected these sectors will have the least capacity to recover from the impact of disasters This situation is exacerbated by rapid urbanization environmental degradation and the increasing risk of environmental disasters whether as a result of direct human impact and or from climate change The risks induced by these hazards have big effects on the countryrsquos economic development targets and programming as well as in the overall welfare of the people and their properties especially on the poor and most vulnerable groups

The milestone towards disaster risk

reduction- disaster risk management preparedness is prevention rather than recovery The protection and security of houses properties and the life of every human individual during a disaster must be given utmost attention by the government The researcher is very much interested to know the flood disaster risk management-disaster risk reduction of the city government of Pasig This study will serve as a wake-up call to the community and officials to formulate or improved necessary disaster management measures to reduce the vulnerability in risk reduction risk recovery relief and rehabilitation plan and the like In addition the vigilance of the public regarding disaster management preparedness and other related measures to protect their rights are the main concerns of the researcher because this will warrant saving and protecting life property and conserving properly the natural environments

Flood Abstract amp Situation in Pasig City

Pasig City is one of the highly developed

cities in the Metropolitan Manila area due to rapid development and its accessible location is suited for doing business like the Ortigas area The growth and political stability of city encourage many people to migrate within the city to find opportunities As a result city became highly industrialize and polluted by permanent structure such as buildings and houses to accommodate the needs of the city for progress

In the Metro Manila structure Pasig is located at the eastern boundary of Metro-Manila and within the intermediate core together with Muntinlupa Valenzuela Las Pintildeas Paranaque Marikina Taguig Pateros In the national structure it lies within the Laguna de Bay basin and between two coastal growth centers of Metro Manila and MARILAQUE It lies approximately on the southern end of Pasig River and is bounded by Quezon City and Marikina City on the North the City of Mandaluyong on the West Pateros Tagig and Makati City on the South and Rizal towns of Cainta and Taytay on the East

The city is the catch basin of all excess

water from Marikina river Pasig river Napindan Channel human made Manggahan floodway The Manggahan floodway is created by the national government to catch water from the mountain due to diminished forests in Antipolo and Rizal province Cited to PAGASA (2012) the capacity of river and the flow rate during Ondoy the Marikina river has a current capacity of 2900msup3second Pasig river with 500msup3second Napindan Channel with 35msup3second and Manggahan Floodway with 2400msup3second

The risk is further exacerbated by

inappropriate human practices contributing to still higher levels of natural hazards such as deforestation lack of drainage systems and concrete and asphalt paving all of which lessen the absorption capacity of the plant layer For these reasons disaster risk management means not only intervention in and control of natural phenomena but also (and especially) modification of existing land use practices occupation practices and economic activities that generate hazards and vulnerabilities it also means strengthening the application of risk reduction criteria in development planning

Expert such as Palafox Associates and Dr

Britton suggested that Ondoy and Habagat floodings is as a result of poor urban planning coupled with poor environmental management People built houses along the riverbanks most especially in floodway that block the water flowing to the Laguna De Bay Poor solid waste management is also factor despite the mandate of RA 9003 (Solid Waste Management Act) the garbages clogged the water ways and causes flood The man made Manggahan Floodway built in 1980rsquos cuts across the city from the Marikina river bend in Brgy Rosario down to Laguna Bay About 3 km of Manggahan floodway traverse the city in particular barangay Rosario and Maybunga The

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Conclusions










Recommendations



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Conclusions










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Summary of Findings





















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Conclusions










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Summary of Findings





















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Conclusions










Recommendations



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Conclusions










Recommendations



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Flood Disater Risk Reduction and Risk Management of Pasig City

Documents

Transcript of Flood Disater Risk Reduction and Risk Management of Pasig City