The Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk ...

Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project

(RRP REG 40190)

Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project Initial Environmental Examination Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................ I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1

I. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................................. 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS .............................................................................................. 2

A. The subproject area ........................................................................................................................... 2

B. The Prioritized Projects and Project Location .................................................................................... 2

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................. 7

A. Physical Environment ......................................................................................................................... 7

B. Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance ..................................................... 16

C. Human and economic development ................................................................................................ 22

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................ 28

A. General Potential Environmental impacts ........................................................................................ 28

B. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase .................................................. 30

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase .................................................. 37

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase ..................................................................... 50

V. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ...................................................................................................................... 54

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ....................................... 54

A. Consultation and Participation Process ........................................................................................... 54

B. Consultation Meetings...................................................................................................................... 55

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM................................................................................................ 56

A. Purpose of the Mechanism .............................................................................................................. 56

B. Access to the Mechanism ................................................................................................................ 56

C. The Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................ 57

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................................... 58

A. Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring ........................................ 58

B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ........................................................................... 59

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................................... 83

A. Objectives and Positive impacts ...................................................................................................... 83

B. Negative impacts .............................................................................................................................. 83

C. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 84

D. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 84

X. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 84

XI. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................. 86

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: Environmental monitoring activities (water quality, air quality, noise) and costs

for Subprojects, during the pre-construction, construction and operation

phases.

Annex 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Irrigation for Subprojects.

Annex 3: Public Consultations

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Lower Mekong River Basin within Viet Nam ............................................................................. 2 Figure 2: Proposed Nguyen Van Con Sluice-Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system

in Go Cong area-Tien Giang Province ..................................................................................... 5 Figure 3: Location of a Proposed sluice - Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in

Go Cong area ........................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Existing canal Thong Nhat- A section of 10km long is along the national park Tram

Chim in Tam Nong district.-Dong Thap Province ..................................................................... 6 Figure 5: The house owner shows mark of flood water level by Thong Nhat canal ................................ 6 Figure 6: The number of Sarus crane visiting the park has increased from 89 in 2006, to 125 in

2007, and to 126 birds in 2008 ............................................................................................... 19

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : Climate data of the project area (2 provinces) .......................................................................... 7 Table 2: The result of surface water quality testing in Cai Lay area ........................................................ 9 Table 3: Data of water quality testing at Go Cong town ........................................................................ 11 Table 4 : Surface water quality in Hong Ngu District ............................................................................. 13 Table 5: Air quality monitoring results in urban and industrial areas (Unit: mg/m

3) ............................... 15

Table 6: Results of noise monitoring in urban and Tien Giang Industrial Park ...................................... 15 Table 7: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 ........................................................... 17 Table 8: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 ........................................................... 18 Table 9: Pagodas and temples and protected area situated near subproject areas ............................. 20 Table 10: The population in 3 provinces, 2009 (thousands) .................................................................. 22 Table 11: Structure of the economical sector in the two Provinces (billion dong) ................................. 23 Table 12: Status of land use in the Project Area (2009) ........................................................................ 23 Table 13: Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and general

education of two provinces ..................................................................................................... 24 Table 14: Existing Health System in two Provinces ............................................................................... 24 Table 15: Solid Waste Generation in Dong Thap Province (ton/year) ................................................... 27 Table 16: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system

canal system (No. 1, and 5) Pre-Construction Phase ............................................................ 30 Table 17: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices -

Pre-Construction Phase.......................................................................................................... 33 Table 18:Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong

Thap province - Pre-Construction Phase .............................................................................. 35 Table 19: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system

canal system - Construction Phase ....................................................................................... 38 Table 20: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices -

Construction Phase ................................................................................................................ 43

Table 21: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong

Thap province -Construction Phase ....................................................................................... 47 Table 22: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system

canal system - Operation & Maintenance Phase ................................................................... 51 Table 23: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices -

Operation & Maintenance Phase ............................................................................................ 52 Table 24: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong

Thap province - Operation & Maintenance Phase ................................................................ 53 Table 25: List of Subproject for Public Consultation‟s meetings ............................................................ 55 Table 26: Representatives of two PMUs ................................................................................................ 58 Table 27: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading

of flood drainage and irrigation canal system ......................................................................... 61 Table 28: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Building of flood control

and salt water intrusion protection Sluices ............................................................................. 69 Table 29: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Bank protection for

Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province........................................... 77

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank

AFD Agence Française de Développement

AH Affected Household

AP Affected Person

APC Agriculture Production Cooperative

CBDRM Community Base Drought Risk Management

CBFRM Community Flood Risk Management

CPC Commune People Committee

CPO Central Project Office (MARD)

DONRE Department of Nature Resources and Environment

DOT Department of Transportation

DPC District Peoples Committee

EA Executing Agency

EARP Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures

EMA External Monitoring Agency

EMD Ethnic Minority Development

EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan

EMP Environmental Management Plan

FSR Feasibility Study Report

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GMS Great Mekong Sub-region

GOV Government of Viet Nam

GPP Grievance Point Person

ICT Information and Communication Technology

IDMC Irrigation and Drainage Management Company

IE Irrigation Enterprise

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IMC Irrigation Management Company

INB Incremental Net Benefits

IOL Inventory of losses

IR Inception Report

ISF Irrigation Service Fee

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MOET Ministry of Education and Training

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MOIT Ministry of Industry and Transport

MOST Ministry of Science and Technology

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PAP Project Affected Person

PIA Project Implementation Agency

PMU Project Management Unit

PPP Public Private Partnership

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

PSA Poverty and Social Assessment

PU Public Utility

RAMP Risk Assessment and Management Plan

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RC Resettlement Commission

REA Rapid Environmental Assessment

RP Resettlement Plan

SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination

SPRSS Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy

SS Suspended Solids

TA Technical Assistance

ToR Terms of Reference

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USD United States Dollar

VAT Value Added Tax

VND Viet Nam Dong

WRU Water Resources University

WTP Willingness to Pay

WUA Water User Association

WUG Water User Group

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This report is prepared and submitted as Supplementary Appendix of the Final Report for ADB TA No. 6456-REG, Preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam. This PPTA is based on an agreement between ADB and the Government of Viet Nam and funding of the PPTA is under a grant from the ADB.

2. The main outcome of this PPTA will be an investment project preparation report for preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam to be co-financed by ADB and .Agence Francais De Developpement (AFD).

3. The subprojects provide for building and rehabilitation of some infrastructures such as: canal system, dikes, and sluices to improve flood and drought risk management and mitigation of subproject areas in Mekong river basin of three provinces in Viet Nam, namely, Tien Giang and Dong Thap. The Viet Nam Project also includes non-structural sub-projects namely; Preparation of guidelines on design criteria for projects on F/DRMM in the Cuu Long river delta, Framework for Flood Risk Mitigation/Diversion in the Border Area between Cambodia and Viet Nam and Community based flood and drought mitigation and management in Plain of Reeds in the Cuu Long river delta.

4. This report gives an account of the Initial Environmental Examination of the Structural-Subprojects in the 2 provinces.

5. The IEE has been finalized and submitted to ADB and Government of Viet Nam (GOV) for the subprojects approvals. This IEE report follows the laws and regulations in Viet Nam and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009), and Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklists 2003. The IEE was undertaken during project preparation work and is to be updated during the implementation phase. The report also describes the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) proposed for the subprojects.

Objective

6. The overall objectives of the IEE report are to:

Describe the existing natural and socio-economical resources in and surrounding subproject areas;

Identify and assess potential significant impacts based on existing environmental condition including during project preconstruction, construction, and operation-maintenance stages;

Identify and recommend mitigation measures to minimize any potential impacts caused by the subproject activities; and,

Develop environmental management plan and cost estimate including monitoring plan during construction and operation stage.

Purpose of Report

7. This report gives an account of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed subprojects under “Preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project” in Tien Giang, and Dong Thap Provinces. The IEE was conducted during subprojects‟ preparation to identify the impacts of the proposed activities on the environment. Measures are recommended to mitigate the identified adverse environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the Subprojects.

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8. The IEE was carried out in compliance with the ADB‟s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Irrigation and Drainage Development Projects of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Viet Nam (GOV).

Project Category

9. The subprojects are classified under ADB guidelines/rules as Category B projects. Such projects are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts occurring mostly during construction phase, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not any significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely to occur. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

10. Under GOV regulations, Decree 21No.21/2008/ND-CP, Appendix “List of Project subject to preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report”, as most of proposed subprojects are rehabilitation subprojects, except only some components are new construction at small scale, so, only a Commitment of Environmental Protection (CEP) is required.

Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

11. The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) involves the following activities:

Gathering available baseline information on the physical / chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the subproject area;

Screening of potential impacts related to the sitting, design, construction, and operation phases, to distinguish those that are likely to be significant and would warrant further study;

Recommending measures to mitigate possible adverse impacts;

Provide guidance on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring;

Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, results of water quality tests and analysis, technical descriptions based on the preliminary engineering designs (contained in the FS Reports of proposed components), as well as the outcome of discussions with PIS of Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces, and provincial authorities, have been integrated into this IEE;

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I. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

1. Both ADB and relevant Viet Namese environmental guidelines and regulations were used for the preparation of the IEE for the Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam.

2. Relevant GOV Environmental Regulations are:

Law of Environmental Protection, 29November, 2005. This Law provides for environmental protection; policies, measures and resources for environmental protection and for the rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals for environmental protection. The Law of Environmental Protection shall apply to the State agencies, organizations, households, individuals, Viet Namese citizens living in foreign countries, and foreign organizations and individuals that operate within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Decree 80/ND-CP, 09August, 2006, of the Prime Minister regarding detailed stipulation and guidance on applying the Law of Environmental Protection.

Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, 28February, 2008, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government‟s Decree 80/ND-CP of 09August, 2006; detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection.

Circular No.05/2008/TT-BTNMT guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. This Circular repeals Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT of 09September,2006, guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment.

Decision No.13/2006/QD-BTNMT, 08September, 2006, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, regarding stipulation of organizations and operation of the assessment board for reports on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and EIA.

Decision No: 48/2008/QD-TTg, issued on 03April, 2008 by the Prime Minister, regarding Common General Guidelines on Feasibility Study Preparation for ODA Projects.

Decision 16/2008/QD-BTNMT, 31December, 2008, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating the National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment. This Decision enclosed 8 National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment as follows:

1. QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality.

2. QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ground water quality.

3. QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality.

4. QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of industries.

5. QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of pulp and paper mills.

6. QCVN 13:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of textile industries.

7. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater.

8. QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in soils.

3. Relevant ADB Environmental Guidelines include:

Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, 2009

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Operation Manual Bank Policies (BP) on Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, 2009

Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002.

Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 – Annex 3: Content and Format of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE).

Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Development Projects (November 1991).

Rapid Environmental Checklist. ADB, 2003.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS

A. The subproject area

4. The subprojects within Viet Nam selected for the Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project are located in the Lower Mekong River Basin. The subprojects are related to improving and upgrading of drainage and irrigation canal systems, flood control system, salt water intrusion protection system and bank protection.

Figure 1: Lower Mekong River Basin within Viet Nam

B. The Prioritized Projects and Project Location

5. There are five subprojects in Viet Nam that are proposed for improving and upgrading of flood and drought risk management canal and dike system in Lower Mekong River Basin in Viet Nam.

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No Name of Subprojects Province New/ Upgrading/

Rehabilitation

Remarks

1 Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area

Tien Giang New Sluices New Construction 26 Sluices

2 Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

New Sluices Includes ring dike and 3 Sluices

3 Improving and upgrading of Plain of Reeds flood drainage and irrigation canal system

Dong Thap Upgrading Includes dredging Cai Cat, Thong Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Duc Vang, and Thong Nhat Canal

4 Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

New

1. Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area (Tien Giang)

Location

6. Ba Rai – Phu An orchards is close to the North bank of the Mekong River in Cai Lay and Cai Be districts, Tien Giang province (still, called as the Southern area of Nguyen Van Tiep canal in the Water Resources Planning (approved) for the Cuu Long River Delta). Its natural land area is 4,540ha, lying close to the Ba Rai canal in the East and Phu An canal in the West, Binh Phu canal in the North and provincial road No. 864 in the South (along Mekong river bank).

Needs for the subproject

7. Orchard growing is a main activity in Ba Rai – Phu An area, accounting for 51% of all cultivable area. Main constraint for production and people in the region is flooding water, when there are big floods. In 2000 flood, the total damages were 47deaths, 15,721ha of orchards destroyed and losses worth USD53million. After 2000 flood, to protect people‟s life and properties, before flood season, temporary dams were built to prevent orchards flooding and after flood season these dams are demolished for navigation activities. Annually, this cost about VND10 billion (526,315 USD).

Objectives

To save people‟s life and their properties (estimated beneficiary population 370,000);

To improve flood water and contaminated water discharge in flood season;

To increase irrigation water regulation in dry season;

To improve navigation and rural road transportation conditions.

Outline description

Construct 27 new sluices (constructed 10 sluices) for flood control and water regulation in combination with existing sluices and embankment systems

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Figure B.5: Location of Ba Rai-Phu An Figure B.6: Flood control steel dam for fruit area protection in Ba Rai-Phu An

2. Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area (Tien Giang)

Location

8. The subproject is in Go Cong District, Tien Giang Province


Water in canals is seriously contaminated. The reason for this may be improper

system operation procedure or regulation sluices system not fully developed.

Objectives

Salt water intrusion protection from the Cua Tieu and Vam Co rivers in dry season and from the East sea;

Fresh water conveyance for the whole area in ten months/year;

Improvement of inundation drainage and alkaline water drainage;

In combination with fresh water supply, rural development and environmental reclamation in the region.

Outline description

Construction of three salt water intrusion prevention sluices (Son Quy, Nguyen Van Con and Salisete) and embankments connecting sluices with the existing embankments.

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Figure 2: Proposed Nguyen Van Con Sluice-

Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area-Tien Giang Province

Figure 3: Location of a Proposed sluice -

Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

3. Improving and upgrading of Plain of Reeds flood drainage and irrigation canal System (Dong Thap)

Location

9. The Subproject include dredging Cai Cai, Thong Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Duc Vang, and Thong Nhat Canal, The subproject is situated in Tan Hong, Tam Nong, Thanh Binh district and Hong Ngu Town,


Water in canals is seriously contaminated. The reason for this may be improper system operation procedure or regulation sluices system not fully developed.

Objectives

To save people‟s life, their properties and their sustainable agricultural production (mitigation of flood risk for 520,000 people living in flooded areas out of which about 354,000 persons are farmers);

An additional flood discharge will be 1,332 m3/s benefitting 40,000ha land;

Mitigation of drought risk is for 146,000ha of agricultural land with an additional irrigation discharge of 16 m3/s;

Environmental and ecological conditions in the project area will be improved and local people‟s living standards will be increased; and,

Development of rural transportation and ecological and environmental improvement.

Outline description

Cai Cai Canal

Dredging of 18,053 m main canal

Construction of 43 canal bridges

Construction of 5 sluices

Tan Chi Cong-Doc Vang Ha Canal

Dredging of 17,272m main canal

Construction of 27sluices

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Thong Nhat Canal



Khang Chien Canal


Surrounding embankment dimension in combination with rural transportation


Figure 4: Existing canal Thong Nhat- A section of 10km long is along the national park Tram Chim in Tam Nong district.-Dong Thap Province

Figure 5: The house owner shows mark of flood water level by Thong Nhat canal

4. Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province (Dong Thap)

Location

10. Project area: Bank protection of the Mekong River at Tan Thoi Thuong Town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.


In 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008, there were tens of eroded sites along the Mekong River, at Hong Ngu town, in which bank protection have been done from Government fund and foreign agencies‟ fund. There are, however, many sites seriously eroded, especially Tan Thoi Thuong town that need to be invested to protect 3000 households with a distance of 3.224 km.

Objectives

Protection of Tan Thoi Thuong town: to save and stabilize people life of approximately 10,000 households in Tan Thoi Thuong town, existing infrastructures, transportation networks and public works in Tan Thoi Thuong town.

The environmental landscape in Thuong Thoi Tien town area will be increased to form a protective corridor to prevent invading of local people living along the river bank, in combination with enhanced people‟ living condition, economic, social, tourism development and creating good conditions for economic development in the Viet Nam – Cambodia boundary area.

Outline description

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5.1km long bank protection in the Mekong River at Tan Thoi Thuong town,

Transport road along the bank; The road surface will be covered by a layer of bitumen concrete with a width of 7.0m.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Environment

11. The Project area is situated in two Provinces Tien Giang and Dong Thap, that belong to Dong

Thap Muoi Area. The detail description of environmental condition for each province is presented

below:

1. Climate

Tien Giang

12. Climate is typical of the southwest region with 2 distinct seasons, the rainy season is from May to November and the dry season lasts from December to April next year. The annual average temperature is 27.9oC, the temperature fluctuation between months is not much, around 3-5oC, however, the difference of temperature between day and night is high. Average evaporation is approximately 1183mm (3.4mm/day). The average sunshine hours in a year are from 2082-2331hours.

13. Air humidity is 78.4% per year with seasonal fluctuations. Average annual rainfall is approximately 1628mm,

Dong Thap

14. Climate is typical of the southwest region with 2 distinct seasons, the rainy season is from May to November and the dry season from December to April next year. The average annual temperature is 27oC. The average humidity in Dong Thap is 83%, the highest 100% in the rainy season and the lowest 41% during the dry months. Annual mean evaporation is 1.165mm. The average sunshine hours over the years are 2730 hours (average of 7 hours / day). Average in dry season is from 7.6 to 9.1 hours per day, and average in rainy season is from 5.1 to 7.1 hours per day.

15. The mean annual rainfall is 1.378mm, which is unevenly distributed during the two seasons. Monsoon direction in rainy season is southwest, with frequency of 70%, from May to November. In dry season, monsoon direction is southeast.

16. Summary of climate data of the Project area is presented in

Table 1.

Table 1 : Climate data of the project area (2 provinces)

Indicators Annual Average

Tien Giang Dong Thap

Temperature 27.9oC 27

oC

Number of hours

sunshine 2082-2331 hours

2730 hours

Rainfall 1219mm, 1.378mm

Relative humidity 78.4% 83%

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Evaporation 1183 mm 1.165

2. Geology

17. About geology, this project area was formed mostly by sea sediment deposition and alluvial soil of Cuu Long river. At the depth of 50m, there are 2 kinds of sediment: Holocene (new sediment) and Pleistocene (ancient sediment).

3. Topography and Soils

18. The two provinces are located in Mekong delta, which has relatively flat topography with dense river and canal system.

Tien Giang

19. Tien Giang Province‟s terrain is flat, with a slope of below 1%, which is 0-1.6 meters above sea level. It is comprised of three areas, including fruit area alongside the Tien River, Dong Thap Muoi area and the coastal area of Go Cong.

20. The natural land covers an area of 236,663 hectares (ha), divided into main soil groups as followings:

Alluvial soil covers an area of 125,431 ha, accounting for 53% out of the total area. That kind of land mainly spreads in districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, Chau Thanh, Cho Gao, My Tho City, and part of Go Cong Tay District, which has fresh water source.

Salty land covers an area of 34,552 ha, holding 14.6% out of the total area. It is extended in districts of Go Cong Dong, Go Cong Taay, Go Cong Town, and part of Cho Gao District.

Alum land covers an area of 45,912 ha, 19.4% of the total. It is mainly distributed in low, and sunken area of Dong Thap Muoi belonging to districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, and Tan Phuoc in the North. This kind of land has taken its form on coastal salty marsh sediment, created in the retrogressing process of the sea. Therefore, it is rich in alum and organic substances.

Dong Thap

21. Dong Thap is divided into two parts by Tien river: the North and the South. The North of Tien river has a relatively plain topography with the inclination from Northwest to Southeast. The latter, the South, has diversified terrain with the inclination from the two rivers in to the centre.

22. Land resources: may be classified into these groups as follows:

Alluvial soil group has an area of 143,997 ha, which comprises 43.95% of the total land area. This kind of soil is distributed along arroyos, rivers and isles of Tien and Hau river. Annually, silt has raised its level in fields which is favorable condition for the cultivation of short-term industrial crops, fruit trees.

Alum soil group has 140.997 ha, accounts for 42.85% of the natural area. Most of that are sweetened and are suitable for rice crops, fishery breeding giving high productivity and quality.

Grey soil group has an area of 22,545 ha, occupying 6.88% of natural land area. It is distributed in highlands in Tan Hong, Tam Nong and Hong Ngu districts.

4. Surface Water

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Tien Giang

Water resources

23. Tien Giang has a dense network of rivers and canals, long coastline facilitate the exchange of goods with the neighborhood and for the farming and fishing of marine products:

Tien River: a major source of fresh water, which flows 115km through the territory of Tien Giang, elevation from the river bed is from 6 m to 16 m, average- 9 m. The river width varies from 600 to 1,800 m; wet section is about 2,500-17,000 m and influenced by tide throughout the year. Flow in dry season (April) around 130 – 190 m3/s.

River Vam Co Tay River: without a source, the river flows mainly from Tien river. Vam Co Tay River is the place, where, the water from Dong Thap Muoi flood get escape routes and is a major saltwater intrusion. The average flow of dry months 9m3/s, the maximum flood flow near 5.000m3 /s.

24. In addition to this, the province has a number of rivers and small canals in the basin of Tien and Vam Co Tay River which is very important in contributing to the circulation, transport of goods and production service as: Cai Coy, Cai Be, Ba Rai, Phong Phu, Rach Ram, Vam Giong, Long Drink, Go Cong, Tra river etc. Most rivers and canals in the province are affected by uneven tide regime. Particularly, in estuaries with strong tidal activity, tidal amplitude at the estuary from 3.5 to 3.6 m, tidal speed 30km/h (1.5 times and 3 times of the Hau River and Red River). Speed of the average flow varies from 0.8 to 0.9 m/s, maximum up to 1.2 m/s and downstream speeds up to 1.5 to 1.8 m/s.

Water quality

25. The surface water quality of some rivers and canals of two subproject areas (Cai Lay and Go Cong Districts) of Tien Giang Province is presented in

Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2: The result of surface water quality testing in Cai Lay area

No. Parameter Unit

Location of sampling point Viet Nam’s Standard

(QCVN 8/2008/BTNMT)

Ba Rai river

(Cai Lay bridge)

Canal 12 bridge

A1 B1

1 T

C0

2 pH - 6.47 7.54 6 – 8.5 5.5 – 9

3 DO mg/l 2.44 2.47 > 6 > 4

4 TSS mg/l 27 12 20

5 NH4+ mg/l Un-detected undetected 0.1

6 BOD5 mg/l 3 5

7 Cl-

mg/l 21 25 250 600

8 Pb

mg/l Undetected undetected 0.02

9 PO43-

mg/l 0.21 0.28 0.1

10 Vegetable chemicals

µg/l Undetected undetected 0.15 0.15

11 Oil

mg/l Undetected undetected 0.01 0.3

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12 Fe mg/l 0.38 0.55 0.5 2

13 NO2-

mgN/l 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.04

14 NO3- mgN/l 1.28 1.41 2 10

15 NH4+

mgN/l Undetected undetected 0.1 0.5

16 PO43-

mg/l 0.21 0.28 0.1 0.3

18 COD mgO2/l 10 15 10 < 35

19 Coliform MPN/100ml 1.1 x 103

9 x 103 2500 7500

20 E.coli MPN/100ml 90 90 20

21 Color N/A N/A

22 Smell N/A N/A

23 Activated surface

mg/l Undetected undetected 0.1

Source: Service of Natural Resources’ and Environment Department, Tien Giang province

Column A1: Good for domestic water supply and other purposes as A2, B1, B2 Column B1: Used for irrigation and drainage or other purposes with similar water quality demand as type B2

26. The results show that the surface water quality in Cai Lay district is relatively good. Comparing to column A1 only the dissolved oxygen and the bacteria and organism exceed the standard, other parameters like NH4, Cl-, NO3 qualify the standard in column A1. Comparing with column B1 all parameters meet the requirements.

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Table 3: Data of water quality testing at Go Cong town

Parameter

Notation,

Location

pH

DO

mg/l

TSS

mg/l

COD

mg/l

BOD5

mg/l

NH+

4

mg/l

Cl-

mg/l

NO-2

mg/l

NO

-

3

mg/l

PO3-

4

mg/l

Pb

mg/l

Fe

mg/l

Activated surfa

ce

mg/l

Coliform

MPN/100 ml

E.Coli

MPN/ 100 ml

M24-Vinh Binh bridge

6,92

3,49

39

33

15 undetecte

d

530

0,03 0,86

0,31

undetecte

d

0,14 undetecte

d

4.104

90

M25-Dong Son bridge

7,7

2,04

8 83

36 0,83 6700

0,01 0,37

0,15

undetecte

d

undetecte

d

undetecte

d

4.102

undetecte

d

M26-Long Chanh bridge

7,01

3,35

20

39

16 0,28 740

0,02 0,97

0,37

undetecte

d

0,05 undetecte

d

4,6.10

6

9,3.10

2

M27-Tan Hoa bridge

7,14

2,50

7 19

7 undetecte

d

1095

undetecte

d

1,01

0,21

undetecte

d

0,09 undetecte

d

4,6.10

5 2,1.1

02

M28-Can Loc sluice

7,17

2,38

22

25

9 undetecte

d

1500

undetecte

d

0,86

0,58

undetecte

d

0,29 undetecte

d

7.102

23

M29-Vam Thap sluice

7,70

4,27

5 27

9 undetecte

d

1730

undetecte

d

0,52

0,64

undetecte

d

undetecte

d

undetecte

d

4.102

undetecte

d

M30-Lo O sluice

7,07

2,9

33

93

41 undetecte

d

5213

0,04 0,47

0,43

undetecte

d

0,37 undetecte

d

4,6.10

7 7,5.1

04

M31-Rach Nhiem bridge

7,41

2,94

59

86

38 undetecte

d

5650

0,01 0,61

0,18

undetecte

d

0,46 undetecte

d

9,3.10

7 7.10

3

M32-Ly Quan bridge

3,64

3,40

5 12

5 undetecte

d

5725

undetecte

d

0,54

1,53

undetecte

d

0,16 undetecte

d

4,6.10

6 1,5.1

04

QCVN 08:2008/BTNM

T

(column A1)

6 – 8,5

6

20

10

4 0,1 250

0,01 2 0,1

0,02 0,5 0,1 2500

20

(Source: Service of Natural Resources and Environment, Tien Giang province, 2010)

12

27. The results show that:

pH is from 3.64 – 7.7: qualifies standard in column A1 at most of points, except M32.

DO is from 2.04 – 4.27 mg/l: do not meet standard in column A1 for all points.

TSS is from 5 – 59mg/l: most of points do not qualify standard in column A1 and exceed highest at M31 (2.95 times higher than column A1), 4 points M25, M27, M29 and M32 qualify standard in column A1.

COD is from 12 – 93mg/l: do not meet the standard in column A1 for all points, the highest is M30 (9.3 times higher than column A1).

BOD5 is from 5 – 41mg/l: do not meet the standard in column A1 for all points, the highest is M30 (10.25 times higher than column A1).

NH+4 is from undetected to 0,83 mg/l: most of points meet standard in column A1, but

M25 (8.3 times higher) and M26 (2.8 times higher).

Cl- is from 530 – 6700 mg/l: most of points do not meet standard in column A1, and exceed highest at M25 (26.8 times higher than column A1).

NO-2 is from undetected to 0.04 mg/l: most of points meet standard in column A1, but

M24, M26, M30 and get highest at M30 (4 times higher than column A1).

NO-3 is from 0.37 – 1.01 mg/l: meet standard in column A1 for all points.

PO3-4 is from 0.15 – 1.53 mg/l: do not meet standard in column A1 for all points and

exceed highest at M32 (15.3 times higher than column A1).

Pb: undetected for all points

Fe is from undetected to 0.46 mg/l: meet standard in column A1 for all points.

Coliform is from 400 – 93000000 MPN/100 ml: do not meet the standard in column A1 for most of points and exceed highest M31 (37200 times higher than column A1), except 3 points M25, M28 and M29.

E.Coli is from undetected to 75000 MPN/100ml: do not meet the standard in column A1 for most of points and exceed highest M30 (375 times higher than column A1), except 2 points M25 and M29.

Dong Thap

Water resources

28. River system in Dong Thap consists of two main tributaries Tien River and Hau River. River water flow average 11,500m3/s. The largest flow is 41,504m3/s and the lowest flow is 2000m3/s. Surface water year-round fresh, not saline.

29. Water resources of Northern area of the province have been provided by So Thuong, So Ha, Tapek Rivers and Lower Fan. Along with the main canal systems, such as Tan Thanh-Lo Gach canal, Hong Ngu - Vinh Hung, An Binh, Dong Tien, Nguyen Van Tiep A; Rach Gia Sa Dec, Rach Lap Vo is the main axis of the dominant water distribution throughout the province . However, water is not evenly distributed in the year, dry season water level is low so most of the cultivated area needs pump irrigation; during flood season water is too much, causing serious flooding, which affects production and people's lives, but the same time brings aquatic resources and field inning.

Water quality

30. According to monitoring results of Dong Thap DONRE during 2005-2009, the surface water quality in the province has a sign of pollution.

13

31. The pollution by organic matters is evidence at all monitoring point in Tien; Hau rives and in some main canals (Trung Uong, Tan Thanh, Nguyen Van Tiep, Kinh Xang etc). The COD and BOD values vary between 16-222mg/l and 8-74 mg/l respectively, exceeding limited permission in Viet Nam‟s Standard QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT, column A2 about 2-15 times. The pollution level in canal is always higher than that in river.

32. The DO level has tendency to increase in 2009, however during 2005-2008 DO level varies between 3-4.1 mg/l lower than permitted standard in QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT, column A2.

33. The nutrient parameters N-NH4+ and NO3

- has tendency to increase during 2005-2009. The increments varied between 1.3-2.1 times and almost all analytical samples in province exceeded the permitted standard by 1.06-10 times. Results of surface water quality monitoring conducted by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Hong Ngu district in March and September 2009 at a number of places in the district as follows:

Table 4 : Surface water quality in Hong Ngu District

Sample

number

Monitoring

time

Parameters

pH BOD5

(mg/l)

COD

(mg/l)

SS

(mg/l)

DO

(mg/l)

NO3-

(mg/l)

NO2-

(mg/l)

N-NH3

(mg/l)

Coliform

(MPN/100ml)

NM1 3/2009 6.88 15 19 45 3.61 6.16 0.0198 0.079 24x102

9/2009 7.7 15 24 124 5.4 30.07 0.1346 0.056 11x103

NM2 3/2009 6.79 18 25 32 3.45 6.69 0.0264 0.088 15x103

9/2009 7.56 17 26 197 5.5 18.15 0.0525 0.168 20x103

NM3 3/2009 7.10 12 20 132 3.33 8.36 0.0858 0.087 11x103

9/2009 7.11 22 30 114 5.3 14.17 0.1707 0.224 93x103

NM4 9/2009 7.24 17 24 259 5.3 11.07 0.1248 0.168 11x103

NM5 9/2009 7.12 19 28 105 5.1 30.1 0.0919 0.112 21x103

NM6 9/2009 7.36 19 30 128 5.5 11.07 0.0788 0.056 20x103

NM7 9/2009 7.60 26 31 233 5.4 24.79 0.1051 0.112 23x103

NM8 9/2009 7.71 15 26 224 5.3 10.62 0.0394 0.280 43x103

NM9 9/2009 7.5 10 18 137 4.2 14.17 0.0197 0.112 11x103

NM10 9/2009 7.68 17 27 103 4.2 12.39 0.0262 0.336 21x103

QCVN

08:2008/BTNMT cột

A2

6.0-

8.5

6 15 30 ≥5 5 0.02 0.2 5x103

Note

- NM1: Thuong Phuoc Boder gate

- NM2: Ferry station from Thuong Thoi Tien to Tan Chau

- NM3: Intersection of River Cai Vung and Tien river

- NM4: Thuong Thoi Hau A Market

- NM5: Thuong Thoi Hau B Market

- NM6: Phu Thuan A Commune People Committee office

14

- NM7: Central Bridge of Thuong Thoi Tien Commune

- NM8: Muong Mieu Boat Station

- NM9: Bridge Ut Goc of Thuong Thoi Tien Commune

- NM10: Ferry station Muoi Dau of Phu Thuan Commune

34. Water monitoring results in a number of industrial fish ponds in the district show that aquaculture water pollution is quite heavy, most of the parameters were observed exceeded the standard QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2. Only water samples at two communes Phuoc Thuong 2 and Thuong Thoi Tien has a pH , N - NH3, total N and total, P does not exceed standard QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2, the rest are beyond permitted standards such as BOD exceeds QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2 1.2 - 1.6 times, COD exceeded the standard 1.2 - 1.4 times, SS exceeding 2.12 - 2.6 times, coliform in fish pond of Thuong Phuoc 2 commune is over 22 times, and in Thuong Thoi Tien Commune in 80.2 times higher than the permitted standards.

5. Groundwater

Tien Giang

35. The province has three potential aquifers: large, medium quality and with good quality, including the Pliocene, Lower Pliocene and Miocene. Distribution of these units is concentrated in My Tho, Cai Lay; depth is ranging from 150 – 400 m. Elsewhere, exploitation capacity is limited. At My Tho, flows being exploited are more than 40.000 m3/day night. Type of water is mainly bicarbonate - sodium, chloride-sodium; temperature 28-30oC; pH6 - 8.3.

Dong Thap

36. Based on the hydro-geological characteristics that can split water storage units in order from top to bottom, characteristics are as follows:

Aquifer I: poor water, bad water quality, water type sulphate - calcium - magnesium, does not meet drinking water needs. A total area of about 30% accounted for 1.036km2 natural areas in the province. This floor lies at depths from 35 – 50 m.

Aquifer II: Water quality is irregular, the total mineralization is from 0.5 to 2.7g/l, water flow <1.5g/l, with water level and irrigation capacity on average. A total area of about 34% accounted for 1.168km2 area of the province. This layer lies at a depth of 90-120m.

Aquifer III: mineralization of 1.9 to 3.47g/l, the depth distribution in 135 - 170m in the upper N2 - 2b was saline. A total area is about 25% accounted for 848km2 area of the province. This layer lies at a depth of 140 - 150m

Aquifer IV: Distribution of depth of 190-200 m, flow 14–26 l/s, total dissolved 0.5 - 0.6g/l, good water quality, water type bicarbonate - Sodium degree of water in abundance, quality, stability, a floor-level prospects in the region. A total area is approximately 23% accounted for 788km2 area of the province. This whole area lies at a depth of 200 - 270m

Aquifer V: distribution in depth 350m or less, good water quality, water pressure, temperature <3600C. This is the storage of water supply outlook for the region. A total area about 3.176 km2

, V accounted for 94% area of the province.

6. Air Quality and Noise

Tien Giang

37. The results of air quality monitoring by Tien Giang DONRE in urban and industrial areas during 2008-2010 are presented in Table 5

15

Table 5: Air quality monitoring results in urban and industrial areas (Unit: mg/m3)

No. Parameter

Annual Average (mg/m3) QCVN

05:2009/

BTNMT

Air quality in urban area Air quality in Industrial Park

2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

No. of samples

68 52 26 4 4 2

1 Dust 0.69 0.74 0.36 1.40 2.88 0.26 0.3

2 SO2 0.0190 0.0341 0.1259 0.0487 0.0338 0.0823 0.35

3 NO2 0.0147 0.0268 0.0976 0.0218 0.0230 0.0974 0.2

4 CO 5.441 6.003 3.757 7.63 6.25 4.19 30

Source: Air Quality Monitoring Results of DONRE Tien Giang province in the years 2008, 2009, quarter and quarter II/2010.

38. The results show that: Air quality in urban, densely populated town of Tien Giang province is mainly polluted by suspended dust levels that exceed QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT from 1.19 times (2010) to 2.46 times (2009). The increase in the number of cars and motorcycles in recent years in urban areas has caused noise pollution, dust and air. In the near future air pollution caused by emissions from vehicles traffic flow through urban areas will become a source of major air pollutants in urban areas of the province.

39. Air quality in Industrial Park embodied in the parameters such as SO2, NO2, CO generally meets levels of QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT. However, the suspended dust contents are in excess of 4.2times to 7.6times. Pollution is caused mainly by vehicle traffic in the Industrial Park.

40. Regarding noise pollution in urban and industrial zones, the results of noise monitoring in urban and industrial zones in the province of Tien Giang in the period 2008 - 2010 are presented in Table 6:

Table 6: Results of noise monitoring in urban and Tien Giang Industrial Park

(Unit: dBA)

Parameter Value 2008 2009 2010 TCVN 5949 - 1998

(6h–18h)

Noise level in urban area

Total samples

68 52 26

Average 72,7 71,6 69,1 75

Noise level in Industrial area

Total samples

4 4 2

Average 74,2 72,0 74,5 75

Source: Air Quality Monitoring Results of DONRE Tien Giang province in the years 2008, 2009, quarter and quarter II/2010.

41. The calculated results show that the average noise level has not exceeded the permitted standard. Comparing the noise level of urban and industrial zones, industrial zones have higher noise level from 0.4 to 5.4 dBA.

42. Air quality in the rural environment is generally better than that of urban areas and the dust suspended parameter tend to be improve by the province‟s efforts as the province is actively implementing the concrete road program in rural areas. On the other hand, the strong economic garden development, scattered tree planting, farm economy, has contributed to environmental improvements (e.g. increased vegetation cover and limit dust, noise, smell etc.)

16

Dong Thap

43. The results of air quality monitored by Dong Thap DONRE in urban and industrial areas during 2005-2009 show that air pollution in Dong Thap province occur locally and is caused mainly because of transportation and handicraft industries in villages. The air quality can be generally assessed as follows:

44. Three parameters: SO2, NO2, CO is generally meets QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT

Noise and dust noise exceeded the permitted standard in urban, industrial area, and school areas because of high transportation density. At some monitoring points of urban areas like post office area, Sadec town, Ward 1 Sadec town and Market Cai Tau Ha the dust and noise exceeded permitted level from 1.27 to 7.1 times. In industrial areas Sa Dec and Tran Quoc Toan, dust and noise concentration exceeded permitted level from 1.05 to 5 times

Hydro carbon has also been detected with concentation 0.9 and 1.8 mg/m3 in industrial area and at traffic intersections.

At dumping sites, Ammonia concentration exceeded permitted level 21times and H2S varied

B. Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance

1. Protected areas, endangered species Forests and ecosystems

Tien Giang

45. With typical wetland resource, Tien Giang Province has formed the ecosystem to the following:

The freshwater ecosystem: This is the focus of ecological forms of agriculture and fruit growing areas, including fruit tree area on the island and populated areas along the Tien river in the districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, Chau Thanh and My Tho city, with a verdant orchard in the four seasons, and, the vast intricate canal water.

The mangrove ecosystem: The above form the mangrove ecosystem (tiger, parrot etc.).

46. Based on these natural conditions, these areas have formed the sea resort, resorts, swimming, sightseeing areas alum-flooded ecosystem, with mangrove forest ecosystems, typical of the Mekong River Delta. The alum flooded forest areas in Dong Thap Muoi reappear in Tan Phuoc District, Tien Giang with the center of 100 hectares and the buffer surrounded by 1.800ha mangrove forest. This is a vast field with alum flooded unique ecosystem in Viet Nam, the species of plant and animal endemism, such as melaleuca, eagles, strabismus, birds, flamingo, pythons, turtles, bees, etc. serve as best place for the research work of scientists as well as relaxing place to visit.

47. Biodiversity resources of the forests of Tien Giang province is now no longer plentiful as before, because apart from 100 hectares of pristine mangrove forest at Tan Phuoc district, the remaining forest area is mainly sea protection mangrove forest.

48. In recent years the forest resources of the province of Tien Giang has shown a trend of decline. The changes of the provincial forest area to 2009 are presented in Table 7:

17

Table 7: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009

2006 2007 2008 2009

Concentrated plantation area (ha)

31 81 169 183

Scattered plantation area (ha) 2.200 2.310 1.906 2.116

Forest area under care (ha)

11.784 10.795 9.836 8.516

Restored Mangrove forest (ha)

- - - 30

Total area (ha) 14.015 13.186 11.911 10.845

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Tien Giang province in 2008, 2009

49. The ecological resources in subproject sites (Cai Lay and Go Cong District) are quite abundant and diversified with typical wild animals and flora of Dong Thap Muoi. The typical plants in flooded alkaline land are regenerated cajuput, aegiceras and some valuable animals as fresh water fish, shrimp, sugpo prawn etc., besides, some plants cultivated, there are a few brackish floristic compositions outside the embankment. Wide animals no longer exist due to the urbanization and intensive cultivation; the aquatic vegetables living in the waterways tend to change the species‟ composition to adapt the new environment caused by closing the salinity prevention sluice.

50. The subprojects sites are not located in the environmental sensitive or biodiversity rich areas.

Dong Thap 51. Dong Thap Province has many special-use forests: Tram Chim National Park, Xeo Quyt Relic, and Go Thap Relic. The most important ecological reserve is Tram Chim National Park.

52. Tram Chim National Park comprises of 7,600 ha of protected wetland in Tam Nong District, Dong Thap province, 240 km southwest of Ho Chi Minh City. The Viet Namese Government has recognized Tram Chim as a national park in December 1998, thus preserving one of the last extensive remnants of grasslands and freshwater swamp forests in the Mekong Delta.

53. Tram Chim (Bird Marsh) is in one of the lowest areas of the Mekong River floodplain, and monsoon floodwaters inundate the area four to six months every year. Peak floods may reach five metres. During the wet season (June to November), Tram Chim looks like a huge lake dotted with islands of melaleuca, a species of the paper-bark tree, Melaleuca cajuputi. During the dry season (December to May) visitors can find vast grasslands intermingled with melaleuca.

54. The grasslands and forests of Tram Chim harbour is a diverse large lush, freshwater wetlands ecosystems with more than 160 native plants, more than 200 bird species, and 60 species of freshwater fish.

55. Tram Chim is now the only place in the Mekong Delta with extensive areas of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) and lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Above all, Tram Chim is famous for its birds. Twelve species of birds recorded at Tram Chim are classified as globally threatened or near-threatened, including the sarus crane, Bengal florican, greater adjutant, lesser adjutant, greater spotted eagle, black-headed ibis and black-faced spoonbill, painted stork, Asian openbill, oriental darter, grey-headed lapwind and Asian golden weaver.

18

56. The eastern sarus crane (Grusantigone sharpii) is the park's most important species. The discovery of a large flock of sarus cranes in 1984 attracted attention from conservation groups and government agencies, resulting in the site being declared as a provincial protected area and, finally, as a national park. The magnificent sarus crane is the world's tallest flying bird. It migrates between breeding grounds in northern Cambodia and southern Laos and non-breeding areas in north-western Cambodia and the Mekong Delta. Sarus cranes start to move to non-breeding areas in December and return to breeding sanctuaries in May-June. Tram Chim grasslands provide a key non-breeding area for cranes. The number of sarus cranes flying to Tram Chim is highest during March and April.

57. The natural forest in Dong Thap province is only Indigo forest. In 2010, its area is 3400 ha, 1000 ha less than that in 2009. The production forest resources of the province of Dong Thap also have tendency to decline because the forest owners do not reforest after exploitation as they do not have any income to cover investment. The changes of the provincial production forest area from 2005 to 2009 are presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Concentrated plantation area (ha)

470 204 372 376 397

Scattered trees (1000 trees) 6053 6537 6405 6760 6540

Bamboo trees (1000 trees) 6370 5138 4437 4467 3911

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Dong Thap province, 2009

58. Subproject upgrading canal Khang Chien is proposed approximately 1 km of border of Tram chim area. However, the construction activities would have negligible or no impact on birds‟ normal life.

2. Flora and fauna

59. Dong Thap Muoi is one of the most important areas in the Mekong Delta for both resident and migratory waterfowl, and is most important area for the endangered eastern race of the Sarus Crane Grus Antigone sharpii hitherto known. The crane was a common breeding bird in the area some 30–40 years ago, but disappeared completely during the war years and has returned only recently as a no breeding visitor during the dry season. Groups of 10–20 birds were observed by Viet Namese biologists in early 1985. Since then, the population has increased rapidly and each year the birds have stayed longer in the area. Estimated 400-500 cranes were present in January, 1988 and more than 1,000 were recorded in April,1988. Some cranes are now present all year except in September and October, when the land is deeply flooded.

60. The largest concentrations of water flow occur during the winter months, as water levels are decreasing. A concentration of 20,000-30,000 ducks, mainly Anas querquedula with some A. acuta and A. Penelope, was observed in December 1987. Other common species include Phoiacrocorax niger, Ardeola bacchus and several species of Egretta, Ardea purpurea, A. cinerea, Anas poecilorhyncha, Metopidius indicus, Himantopus himanlopus, Glareola maldivarum, Pluvialis dominica, Numenius arquata, Tringa totanus, T. nebularia, T. stagnatilis and T. glareola. The storks Mycteria leucocephala, Ephippiorhynclzus asiaticus and Leptoptilos javanicus and the ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus are regular visitors in small numbers. It is possible that the endangered White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni and Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea still exist in the area, although none has been seen in recent years. The harriers Circus (aeruginosus) spilonotus and C. melanoleucos are common winter visitors. The list of bird species in Tram Chim National Park is presented in Annex 1. Mammals include an otter Lutra sp. The rich reptilian fauna includes a wide variety

19

of snakes and turtles. The dominant fishes are species of Ophiocephalus, Clarias and Anabas.

Figure 6: The number of Sarus crane visiting the park has increased from 89 in 2006,

to 125 in 2007, and to 126 birds in 2008

61. The presence of flora and fauna were analyzed keeping in view the scope of work of present project activities. Consultations with park authorities as well as local communities were undertaken to assess presence of wildlife and likely impacts of project activities on movement of wildlife. Local communities and park authorities informed that presence of wildlife in the project areas is rare and as such no major impacts are identified. However, to mitigate any unexpected impacts during the implementation of the project, appropriate mitigation measures are recommended in the environmental management plan.

3. Fisheries

Tien Giang

62. Situated at the end of Cuu Long River, Tien Giang has 32 km of seashore. The system of rivers and canals is stretching throughout the province. Therefore, Tien Giang has rich, and diversified fishery resources with many races, species that live in fresh water, salt water, and brackish water. It is convenient for exploiting, rearing, and processing aquatic products, and transferring goods to Ho Chi Minh City and other provinces by roadways, and waterways.

63. Fishing is a traditional profession in Tien Giang and developed systems of logistic services exist there. The boats team of fishery exploitation includes 1,200 boats with average capacity of 128.9CV/boat. The team of fishing men is experienced, and professional. The exploitation output reaches 65,000 tons/year.

64. Go Cong costal area has about 7,500 ha for salt-water aqua culture, brackish aqua culture, and other species with high economic values such as red arca and common tiger prawn. Fresh water zone has crayfish, and other kinds of small fishes for processing fish sauce, fish powder, and being fish for cattle. There fishes are kept in ponds, lakes, rice fields, and in rafts along Tien River. The aquaculture sector has an area of 10,765hectares. Its output is about 46,570 tons/year. Main export products are all kinds of frozen shrimp, etc. Main export markets are EU, Japan, United States, Canada, Taiwan, and China (source: http://asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn)

Dong Thap

http://asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn/

20

65. With the terrain water topography, aquaculture products are given second place of importance after rice. Aquaculture is extensively developed in the province. The main resources are catfish, basa fish and prawn. Water area for aquaculture has reached more than 6,000 ha, the farmers focus on rearing shrimp in rice fields, and rearing fish in alluvial area of Tien and Hau rivers. This area has a great potential to develop into key regional aquaculture. Yearly this province supplies more than 245,000 tons of fish and thousands tons of shrimp for processing and export has reached a turnover of several hundred million dollars.

4. Sites of Archaeological Significance

Tien Giang

66. Tien Giang province is rich in cultural relics and ecological history. The famous sites are: Oc Eo –Go Thanh cultural relics, (from I to VI century AD); historical site Rach Gam – Xoai Mut, relics of Ap Bac; many historical tombs, temples such as Truong Dinh Tomb, the Royal tomb, Tu Kiet, Vinh Trang Pagoda, Buu Lam Pagoda. Many ecotourism sites such as orchard in Thoi Son, Ngu Hiep, Dong Tam snake farm, ecological zones in Dong Thap Muoi, sea Go Cong.

67. Those cultural and historical sites are located far from the project sites, so, no impact would occur during construction activities.

Dong Thap

68. Tram Chim National Park is famous for Red head cranes. In thousands of hectares of mangrove forests and wild meadows of a small collection of Dong Thap Muoi, hundreds of rare species of wetlands are being preserved and protected. Xeo Quyt is a tourist area, which was the base of the Provincial Committee of Kien Phong during the war, this place also known for its pristine mangrove forests and monuments of a historical period of Dong Thap province.

69. Area Gao Giong is ecological tourism, which is known as the green lung in the centre of the Plain of Reeds. Go Thap relic is located in the heart of the Dong Thap Muoi area and is famous for its ancient culture. Each piece of pottery, every brick, every stone, etc. are unearthed conveys mysterious signal on Oc Eo culture of Fu nam people who lived 1,500 years ago. It also has many ancient temples with two festivals each year the attract thousands of tourists. At the center of the city, Cao Lanh is also a relic of Nguyen Sinh Sac - father of President Ho Chi Minh Dong Thap, and has many ancient temples. The most famous temple of Kien An Cung, represents a religious and cultural works.

Table 9: Pagodas and temples and protected area situated near Subproject areas

No Pagoda/Temple Province District Commune / Village

Pagoda / Temple near

Estimated distance from

Subproject area

1. Truong Dinh Tomb,

Tien Giang

,

Gò Công Đông

Gia Thuan/Hamlet 2

Upgrading the salinity intrusion control system in Go Cong area

12 km to the East

2. Truong Dinh monument

Gò Công Town

Ward 2 3 km in all directions

3. the Royal Tomb Gò Công

Long Hung 3 km to the North-

21




Subproject area

4. Tu Kiet, Vinh Trang Pagoda,

Cai Lay Town

Cai Lay Town Upgrading Flood control system in Ba Rai – Phu An area

2 Km to the North-east

5. Long Khánh Temple

Cai Lậy Long Khánh 8 km to the East

6. Kim Tiên Pagoda

Cai Lậy Cai Lậy Town 1,5 km to the North-east

7. Archaeological site Buu Thap Pagoda

Cai Lậy Tân Hội 2 km to the North-east

8. Archaeological site Gò Công Éc

Dong Thap

Tân Hồng

Thông Bình, Improving and upgrading flood control and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds-

Upgrading Cai Cai canal

About 4 km to the West

9. Archaeological site Go Chua

Tân Hồng

Bình Phú, Upgrading Thong Nhat canal

About 3.5 km to the East

10. Archaeological site Go Chua Tam Au. Here, some artifacts, relics of archaeological cultures Eo,

Óc Eo, were found

Tân Hồng,

Tân Thành B, Upgrading Cai Cai canal


11. Archaeological site Gò Tàu,

found in 1992

Tân Hồng,

Tân Hộ Cơ Upgrading Cai Cai canal


12. Archaeological site Tân Long Tự, found in

Tân Long pagoda

Tân Hồng

Tân Thành B Upgrading Cai Cai canal

About 8.5 km to the West

13. Archaeological site found in Thiện Tự Pagoda,

It are Oc Eo cultural relics

Tân Hồng

Bình Phú Dredging Thong Nhat canal


14. Long Khanh Temple

Hồng Ngự,

Long Phước Hamlet, Long Khánh A commune

Thuong Thoi Thuong River Bankment/Hong Ngu River Bankment

3.5 km to the West

22




Subproject area

15. Long Thuan Temple

Hồng Ngự

Long Thới B Hamlet, Long Thuận commune

Thuong Thoi Thuong River Bankment/Hong Ngu River Bankment

7 Km to the West

16. Tram Chim National Park

Tam Nông,

Tràm Chim town

Dredging Khang Chien canal

About 1.5 km to the North

Phú Đức Commune

Dredging Tan Cong Chi-Doc Vang Ha canal

About 2 km to the East

Phú Hiệp Commune



Phú Thành B Commune

Dredging Thong Nhat canal


Phú Thọ Commune

Dredging Thong Nhat canal

About 2 km to the East

Tân Công Sính commune



17. Dinh Doc-Binh Vang Cultural Relics

Thanh Bình

Village Nam, Comune Tân Thạnh

Dredging Khang Chien canal


C. Human and economic development

1. Population

70. In 2009, the population of Tien Giang and Dong Tháp provinces is 1.673.900 and 1.667.700 respectively. The detail population structure is presented in Table 10.

Table 10: The population in 3 provinces, 2009 (thousands)

Province

Population

Area

(km2)

Density

(persons/

km2)

Urban

Rural

Total Male Female

Tiền Giang 1673.9 822.6 851.3 2484.2 674 230.5 1443.4

Đồng Tháp 1667.7 833.4 834.3 3375.4 494 287.5 1380.2

Source: General Statistical Office 2009.

2. Economic development

Tien Giang

71. Gross domestic product (GDP) at constant 1994 prices in the province in 2005 was 8167 billion. It is expected to increase to 13,735 billion in 2010, the average` growth rate for 2006-2010 is 11.0%, achieving the objectives of the plan (11-12% per year). The agriculture, forestry and fishing, in particular has increased average by 5.1%per year, industry and construction increased by 19.5% per year, service sector increased by 12.4%. per year.

23

Dong Thap

72. The economic structure of the province is changing from agricultural sector to industrial sector. Particularly, structure of agricultural sector has decreased from 43% (2005) to 40% (2009), meanwhile, structure of industrial sector increased to7% and service sector increased to 1% during 2005-2009.

73. The value of industrial production (constant 1994 prices) during 2006-2009 is 34%–25%. The Retail of goods and services sector counted for 31.43% of province GDP. Agricultural sector continues developing forward in diversifying crops and livestock; increasing product quality and production productivity. The average growth rate of agriculture, forest and fishery during 2006–2009 and 2009 accounts for 6.89%, and 4.18%, respectively.

74. The output value of agriculture, forest and fishery; Industry; and retail of goods and services in 3 provinces are presented in Table 11:

Table 11: Structure of the economical sector in the two Provinces (billion dong)

Province 2006 2007 2008

Tien Giang

- Agriculture, forest and fishery 5302.4 55110 5742.8

- Industry 7486.9 9583.2 13057.6

- Retail of goods and services 10505 13002.3 15413.6

Dong Thap

- Agriculture, forest and fishery 5561.9 5719.1 6098.1

- Industry 8455.9 11900 18095

- Retail of goods and services 9256.7 1278.9 16891

Source General Statistic Office, 2008

3. Income, employment and poverty incidence

Tien Giang

75. According to the report of the provincial People's Committee of Tien Giang, GDP per capita in 2010 was estimated to increase 2.6 times in 2005, from 7.8 million in 2005, which is expected to increase to 20.5 million in 2010 (equivalent to $1,130 ), exceeding the planned (Resolution Provincial Party target strives $900-930, PPC target strives $950-1020). The employment rate in urban area is about 96% and the poverty rate in 2010 is 7.04%

Dong Thap

76. GDP growth rate per capita was from USD 406 in 2005, which increased to USD 610 in 2008 and USD691 (equivalent to 7631 VND) in 2009. This indicates that the annual income per person increased quite quickly. However, this income is equal only to 75.5% of average income per person in Mekong Delta.

77. The poverty rate of the province has decreased from 13.59% in 2005 to 7% in 2008 and 5.69% in 2009

4. Land use

78. The status of land use in the Project Area is presented in Table 12.

Table 12: Status of land use in the Project Area (2009)

Province Total Natural

Agricultural land (ha) Non-

Agricultural Unused

land

24

area (ha) land (ha) (ha)

Total Yearly crops

Forest

Tien Giang (2009) 248,417 192.334 97.647 10.028 48.602 7.481

Dong Thap (2009) 337,407 463,701 8,637 458,362 70,506 -

Source: Environmental State report 2005-2010 of, Tien Giang, Dong Thap provinces.

5. Education and health

79. Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and general education of three provinces are presented in Table 13:

Province Tien Giang Dong Thap

2008 2009 2008 2009

Kindergarten

School(Schools) 117 128 162 170

Class (Class) 1311 1272 1542 1763

Teacher (Pers.) 1448 1421 1799 2077

Pupil (Thous. Pupil) 46.1 43.3 45.1 48.4

General education

Primary (Schools)

229

229

316

317

Lower Secondary (Schools) 120 124

137

137

Upper Secondary (Schools) 29 31 40 42

Primary and lower secondary 1 1 - 10

Lower and upper Secondary

5

3

- -

Total (Schools) 384

388 493

506

Total (Classrooms) 7138 6961 7353 7263

Primary (Teachers) 5397 5570 6581 6878

Lower Secondary (Teachers) 4995 5007 5021 5076

Upper Secondary (Teachers) 2041 2096 2434 2812

Total (Teachers) 12433

12673

14036

14766

Primary (Pupils)

130289

138434

135420

139861

Lower Secondary (Pupils)

99315

94096

93516

88726

Upper Secondary (Pupils)

43489 41297 46415 44819

Total (Pupils) 273093

273827

275351

273406

Source: General Statistic Office, 2010.

80. The existing health systems in two provinces are presented in Table 14:

Table 14: Existing Health System in two Provinces

Province Tien Giang Dong Thap

Table 13: Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and

general education of two provinces

25

2008 2009 2008 2009

Health establishment

Hospital 16

16

12 12

Regional polyclinic 16 15 13 13

Sanatorium and rehabilitation hospital

1

1

Medical service unit 169 169 142 144

Total 201 200 168 170

Number of Patient Beds

Hospital (beds)

2120

2478

2440

2775

Regional polyclinic (beds) 260

285

150

150

Sanatorium and rehabilitation hospital (beds)

0 0 80

100

Medical service unit (beds) 817

845

788

793

Total (Beds) 3197 3608 3458 3818

Number of medical staff (person)

Doctor (persons)

757

774

762

780

Physician (persons)

805

819 990

1055

Nurse (persons)

907

920

1029

1219

Midwife (persons)

387

422

414 504

Source: General Statistic Office, 2010.

Tien Giang

The rate of commune‟s health stations with Doctor: 100% in 2010

The rate of doctor / 10 thousand populations: 6

Rate of hospital bed / 10 thousand populations: 26

Dong Thap

The rate of doctor / 10 thousand populations: 4.7

Rate of hospital bed / 10 thousand populations: 22.9

6. Access to water supply

Tien Giang

81. In general, the surface water resources in the province are abundant. However, the only one water resource with good water quality, to serve peoples‟ and cultivation needs, comes from the Cuu Long River. The less fresh water resource is in closer areas of the East sea; fresh water shortages and salinity intrusion are rather serious in Go Cong area; and the area in Tan Phuoc district of Plains of Read suffers from acid sulphate water.

26

Dong Thap

82. So far, the province has 305 built water supply stations, 8,000 wells with hand pumps and 16,579 water filters have been distributed. In addition to this, the households have built more than 1,200 water tanks (type 4m3).

83. In 2000, the percentage of rural population access to water supply source was 28.24% (from which 18.24% were supplied by water supply projects) and in 2005 was 60.48% (from which 43% were supplied by water supply projects) and in 2006 was 68.5% (from which 51.5% or 142,425 rural households were supplied by water supply projects). Tan Hong and Dong Thap districts have a highest proportion of the rural population receiving clean water. Rural population of Cao Lanh and Sa Dec towns was served by water supply with low rate1 (Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Planning Dong Thap province in 2020 period, 2009).

Tien Giang

84. Wastewater: The existing drainage system in urban areas in the province is combined both rainwater and sewage. Currently, no city/town in the province has any wastewater treatment system. The three sectors, which incurred the largest wastewater amount, 2400 m3/day textile waste, 2118 m3 seafood waste and 1443m3 domestic wastewater. The province has 03 industrial parks officially put into operation, which are: My Tho Industrial Zone, Tan Huong Giang and Long Industrial Park. Wastewaters in industrial zones are treated at wastewater treatment plants concentrated in the industrial parks.

85. Solid waste: According to the Report on the implementation plan to protect environment in 5 years (2006-2010), the total amount of domestic solid waste collected in the province from 2006 to 2010 was about 240 tons per day, mainly from towns, townships and urban areas (estimated at about 80% of proportion of total waste generated in urban area. Specially, collection rate in the city of My Tho reached about 90%).

86. The urban waste is primarily buried in landfills. According to statistics in 2009, Tien Giang province has only 05 landfills. Overall, the landfills are not handled well and in accordance with the regulations, causing environmental pollution for the surrounding residential areas.

87. Currently, the total generated volume of non-hazardous industrial solid wastes is about 76tons per day, which My Tho Urban Works Company collects, transports and disposes at the Tan Lap landfill (Tan Phuoc district). The recyclable industrial waste is allocated to the private sector for classification, recycling, or reassigning them to the recycling enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The generated volume of hazardous industrial solid waste is not much. It is approximately about 2497.58 kg / month and 407 litres per month.

88. Currently, medical waste generated in the province of Tien Giang is about 0.81 tons per day. Most of these types of solid waste is collected and stored in containers which are used exclusively in hospitals, clinics then processed or transported to facilities, where medical waste incinerator for treatment.

Dong Thap

89. Wastewater: According to Dong Thap DONRE, in 2008, in urban area of the province about 23,248 m3 of domestic waste water is disposed daily and it is treated by households (septic tanks), thus, the water quality meets standard before being discharged into surrounding environment. In rural area about 111,368 m3 of domestic waste water is

1 Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Planning Dong Thap province in 2020 period, 2009

27

disposed daily. However, due to simple latrines and low level of septic tank, wastewater is almost non treated, before being discharged into environment causing serious water pollution. About 1,556 m3 of hospital wastewater is generated daily in the province. However, at present only 3 hospitals have operational wastewater treatment plant. Other units do not have treatment plant then wastewater is discharged directly into environment. Wastewaters from industry, agriculture, aquaculture and handicraft villages are discharged into environment without treatment or not being treated properly.

90. Solid waste: The source and amount of solid waste in Dong Thap province are presented in Table 15.

Table 15: Solid Waste Generation in Dong Thap Province (ton/year)

2007 2008 2009

ton/day ton/year ton/day ton/year ton/day ton/year

Domestic SW- urban 201 73,255 205 74,968 210 76,596

Domestic SW- rural 552 201,422 552 201,614 552 201,515

Total domestic SW 753 274,677 758 276,582 762 278,111

Industrial SW - - 160 58,228

Livestock SW 963 1235 1257

Hospital SW 1431 1448 1664

Source: 5 year-State Environmental Report 2005-2010 of Dong Thap Province

91. This kind of solid waste is not properly collected and sanitary treated. The amount of collected solid waste is only 125 ton/day. Regarding domestic solid waste, only 52% or 65 ton is collected daily and the collection is implemented mainly at wards in center of towns and city. The common treatment method for urban solid waste is disposal into dumping sites. Cao Lanh city has new 20 ha landfill – Dap Da, where the city SW is disposed. Regarding industrial SW, for its small quantity, it is collected and disposed together with domestic SW. Regarding hospital SW, 100% of hospitals in Dong Thap gets collected its waste daily and transported to storage place. Two hospitals has waste storage meeting standard; 7/15 medical units store waste for 48 hrs, other unit do not meet storage requirement. Hospital SW is treated by incineration method. Seven hospitals have their own incinerator; the remaining 5 do not have incinerators.

7. Transportation

Tien Giang

92. Till date, Tien Giang has fairly complete transportation system providing access to all areas in the province. It helps in the transportation of goods and products quickly, conveniently between the Mekong delta provinces and Hochiminh city

93. Road: road traffic system has a total length of 5,045km; the average density is 2.130km/km2.

94. Waterways: The province has high density of waterways, making province as a transit area from the western provinces to Hochiminh city, through Tien River, Cho Gao canal, Soai Rap river and many inter-province canal and rivers.

Dong Thap

95. Road system: Dong Thap province has two national highways:

National road 30 along Tien river, connecting to National road 1A toward north direction of the border areas, through the gate Dinh Ba (Tan Hong) and connecting provincial road 841 to gate Thuong Phuoc (Hong Ngu). These roads are

28

considered as the arteries of the province on the Plain of Reeds and also the important roads in the Viet Nam – Cambodia economic border exchanges.

National road 80 pass through the area between two rivers Tien - Hau River, linking National road 1A (Tien river) with National road 91 (Hau river), is considered as the main transportation route from Long Xuyen quadrangle to the economic southern key economic zone.

96. On the waterway, the Tien river is an important waterway connecting the East Sea with the courtiers in upstream Mekong River. This axis is also the international waterway of the Mekong Delta. Though Hau river running through the province of Dong Thap is short, but this is an axis of the international waterway of the region. Moreover, large canals like Lap Vo canal, Muong Khai (linking Tien-Hau River), Central Channel, Dong Tien, Nguyen Van Tiep etc. have created an important waterways network for the exchange of goods between Dong Thap province with provinces in the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City.

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. General Potential Environmental impacts

97. There are five proposed subproject investments for the Greater Mekong Subregion in Viet Nam include 1 subproject in Dong Thap of rehabilitation and upgrading of canal system, 2 subprojects of flood control and salinity intrusion control projects ( 2 in Tien Giang), 1 subproject of Bank protection (2 in Dong Thap). According to the Design, three among the seven proposed subprojects will be of rehabilitation and upgrading of canal system with 33 -119 km of primary canal length , two of them will construct regulation sluices to prevent flood in the rainy season and , remaining two will construct embankment for bank protection. So these proposed subprojects will cause environment impacts, both positive and adverse, at various levels.

1. Positive impacts

98. Main positive impacts for all subproject are as follows:

Flood control and waterlogging drainage in flood season for all subproject areas;

For the subproject of Plain of Reeds, in combination with other flood control protection from flood water discharge from Cambodia border to the Plain of Reeds toward the Mekong river to reduce flood water level in main flood season to protect people‟s life and their properties;

Water supply for irrigation and creation of water source for aquaculture sustainably and people‟ life in dry seasons;

Bank erosion prevention for section of Thuong Thoi –Thuong Phuoc -Tien river to protect safety of life for communities living along two sides of the river;

Improving environment-hygien conditions for local peoples affected by flood in Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces , especially in flood season;

Decrease in waterborne diseases caused by inundation situation;

Inland rural and navigation transportation development;

Promotion of development of tourist, cultural , social-economic sectors in subproject areas;

Beneficaries from the subprojects will be significant, it is estimated as below: - 370,000 persons for Ba Rai-Phu An subproject - 97,700 person for Go Cong area subproject - 520,000 persons for The Plain of Reeds subproject - 13,493 persons for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu subproject

29

2. Negative impacts

99. In general negative impacts are foreseen during the construction phase such as increase in noise and dust level, pollution of surface water from wastewater, disturbance of contaminated soils, affects on traffic and social-economic activities for local people. Mitigating measures could easily be taken to minimize the impacts. In the following sections a brief description of the main impacts is described.

100. Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No. 1,4)

Loss of temporary and permanent land;

Relocation of affected households;

Increase in dust level due to excavation, filling not due to transport work as material will be transported by waterway

Pollution of the water, especially polluted by alum due to excavation earth is alum, it is to be filled for embankment, so it is easy to cause pollution for canal water and water bodies near by the site, especially in rainy season

Affect to irrigation water quality of downstream of the canal or the adjacent area due to mainly increase of turbidity, and waste water from the construction site and camp;

Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected;

Indirect effect on water birds species, especially, Red head Crane (Grus antigone) in Tram Chim National Park during construction phase for some canal section which parallels and close by the Tram Chim National Park. However, nearest distance of canal section to the Tram Chim National Park is about 500m and Red head Crane often come to Tram Chim in March to May every year, before flood season, so that construction activities should be avoided in this time and construction equipment need to minimize noise as much as possible in the construction works;

Disturbance in the buffer zone surrounding the Tram Chim National Park during construction for Plain of Reeds Primary Canal Upgrading, is of small level because the park is not in close proximity. The distance from the Park to the sites is about 1.5-9.0 km;

Effects on traffic and social-economic activities of local people and communities is of small level because the population density in subproject area is low and houses are scattered along both the sides of the canal.

101. Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices (No 2,3)

Only temporary loss of land during construction phase;

No relocation of households and land compensation ( according to conclusion of PPMU in meeting with Tien Giang DARD on 13 July 2010)

Increase in dust and noise levels due to excavation and filling work at insignificant to small level, but not due to transportation as workmaterial will be transported mainly by waterways;

Erosion, increase of turbidity by excavation and movement of construction equipment;

Affect on irrigation water quality of downstream of the canal or the adjacent area due to excavation, mainly increase of turbidity, and waste water from the construction site and camp;

30

Interruption in domestic activities of local people living along the canal;

Interruption of waterways and road traffic during construction. It wil lead to increase of good transportation cost due to change of transportation way or means;

Change of hydrological regime of channel and canal downstream due to change of flood drainage regime, canal sedimentation during operation phase;

Obstruction or change in movement of fish species due to operation of sluices

Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected

Change to landscape values of the subproject area

102. For all subprojects

Pollution level of air by construction material exploitation and transportation activitiesis considered as small to moderate. Exhaust fumes are mainly generated from construction machinery like compactor, excavators, generators; Exhaust fumes include NOx, COx, Hydro Carbon. Scope of impacts is considered small to moderate because transportation means are mainly by water way, number of machinery is small,and construction area is large . So GHG emissions caused by the Project will be very insignificant.

103. Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.

Loss of temporary and permanent land;

Relocation of affected households ;

Increase in dust and noise level due to excavation, filling at insignificant to small level, not due to transport work as material transport mainly by waterway;

Erosion, increase of turbidity by excavation and movement of construction equipment;

Effect to waterways traffic due to embankment of canal bank;

Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected.

B. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase

104. The potential adverse environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures related to Project Location and Design (Pre-Construction Phase) of the subprojects are presented in Table 16, Table 17 and Table 18.

105. The following abbreviations are used:

N: not applicable, no adverse effect;

S: small/slight adverse effect;

M: moderate adverse effect;

L: large adverse effect.

Table 16: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation

canal system canal system (No. 1, and 5) Pre-Construction Phase

31

SUBPROJECT

major characteristics

of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS

Socio-economic and

physical/biological aspects

REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT

PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES

Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system

Site selection and design

Surveys and site investigations

Land acquisition

1 Land acquisition requirements & displacement of local residents

For Plain of Reeds:

1369 m2 of

agricultural land to be acquired permanently,

929 m2

of residential land to be acquired permanently with 100 HHs to be affected ( from RP-VisionRI resettlement group)

S-M Prepare Resettlement Plan (RP) based on an agreed resettlement and compensation framework & implement accordingly

2 Displacement of local residents

100 HHs S

3 Proximity to human settlement

Human settlements not disturbed

N

4 Proximity to environmentally sensitive areas / areas with aesthetic value

Plain of Reeds

Primary Canal

Upgrading,

some canal

section which

parallels the

Tram Chim

National Park.

S Proper design; sufficient buffer

Consult to Management Board of Tram Chim National Park

5 Proximity to ethnic minority community

Not present N

6 Proximity to natural habitats

Dredging canal would improve natural habitats

N

7 Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards

Historic monuments, grave yards not present

N

8 Changing land values

No or slight effect

N

9 Conflicts with other water users

No conflict with other users

N

10 Degradation of water quality

Dredging of canal would improve water

N

32

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No


Socio-economic and


REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


flow and quality

11 Degradation of fisheries

Creation of water source for aquaculture sustainably

N

12 Degradation of navigation / river transport

Create navigation transportation development

N

13 flooding / odour / noise

Odour possible from floating waste

S Proper design; sufficient buffer

14 Vulnerability to erosion / landslide

Construction in flat area

S Proper design and O&M

15 Risk of earthquakes

N

16 Accessibility to trunk infrastructure

Road Construction material mainly to be transported by river navigation

N

Water supply N

Power supply N

33

Table 17: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Pre-Construction Phase

SUB-PROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No


Socio-economic and


REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices ( No 3,4) in Tien Giang Province

Construct new sluice

-Ba Rai-Phu An: 27 sluice

-Go Cong area: 3 sluices



Land acquisition

1 Land acquisition requirements & displacement of local residents

Land acquisition is not required

N


No HHs need to be relocated by subproject

N



N


No nature reserve at or nearby the subproject sites

N


Not present N


May affect fish movements due to building of new sluice

S Proper design and O&M of sluices



N


No or slight effect N


No conflict with other users

N


Dredging of canal would improve water flow and quality

N


Impact to fisherman for subproject in Go Cong area

No additional impact compared to temporary sluice to be installed in flood season



Impact to navigation/ river transport when the sluice is closed



Odour possible from floating

S Proper design, sufficient

34

SUB-PROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No


Socio-economic and


REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


waste buffer





N



N

Water supply N

Power supply N

35

Table 18: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Pre-Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No


Socio-economic and


REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

-Embankment of 3.244 km for Thuong Thoi Tien town,



Land acquisition

1 Land acquisition requirements

For Thuong Thoi Tien Town

25,760 m2 of

agricultural land to be acquired

12,880 m2 of

residential land to be acquired permanently with 143 HHs to be affected (From FS)

S-M Prepare Resettlement Plan (RP) based on an agreed resettlement and compensation framework & implement accordingly


For Thuong Thoi Tien Town

100 HHs to be relocated

M



N


No nature reserve at or nearby the subproject sites

N


Not present N


Building embankment for erosion prevention would be not affected to natural habitats

N



N


slight effect N


Embankment for bank protection will not to be conflicted with other water uses

N


Embankment for bank protection would improve water flow and quality

N


Not affect on fishermen

N

36

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

No


Socio-economic and


REMARKS MAGN.

OF

IMPACT



Create navigation transportation development

N


Odour possible from floating waste

S Proper design, sufficient buffer





No additional impact compared to existing canal

N



N

Water supply N

Power supply N

37

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

106. Potential adverse environmental impacts that could result from activities during the Construction Phase are briefly discussed below and further presented in Table 19, Table 20 and Table 21.

107. Air quality/dust and noise: There could be an increase in dust, air pollution and noise from clearing, grubbing and excavation activities and movements of construction equipment. Emissions and noise from operation of construction equipment might have a considerable impact in residential area, especially densely populated areas, however the population in the Project Area near the subproject-sites is not dense and dust, air pollution and noise can be controlled and mitigated. Increase in noise may disturb the situation in the buffer zone surrounding the Tram Chim National Park during construction for Plain of Reeds Primary Canal Upgrading Project, which is however considered small because it is not in very close proximity. The distance between the Park and the sites is about 1.5-9km

108. Water resources and quality: Excavation and filling activities could lead to increase of turbidity in downstream of the canal or the adjacent area in general; especially canal water may get polluted by alum due to excavation of earth in Rach Tram-My Binh‟s subproject area. This could affect to water quality for irrigation and aquaculture.

109. Flooding and spills: Flooding and spills could be caused by inadequate management of building materials, removed topsoil, stockpiles and construction debris. Proper management can avoid these impacts and in case if once occurred, mitigation measures should be taken. Deposits of construction wastes in nearby water bodies might have a detrimental effect on aquatic flora and fauna and should be avoided.

110. Socioeconomic environment: noise from construction activities, traffic jams caused by transportation of construction materials, and accidents caused by trucks, disruption of socioeconomic activities are potential adverse impacts. However, the subproject-sites are not situated in densely populated area. With a Transport Management Plan and proper environmental management and monitoring these impacts can be prevented and mitigated.

111. Positive impacts: Temporary positive impacts include short-term employment of local population in construction activities and increased earnings in services in the vicinity of the construction sites. A permanent positive impact is the improvement of the functioning of the BHH-Scheme and could be increased employment for local residents in the operational services for the BHH subprojects.

112. In the tables the following abbreviations are used:





38

SUBPROJECT


of the subprojects

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects

MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system

Canal system of Plain of Reeds: 99.3 km

Base camp establishment and operation

Land clearance

Pollution by construction material exploitation activities

Earthworks / excavations

Haulage of fill and construction materials

Effects from temporary storage yards of construction materials

Access Road construction

Drainage structures

1 Physical / Chemical Environment

Air Quality

- Dust M

Temporary

Regular watering of exposed areas

Cover all trucks carrying dispersible materials to or from the site;

Ensure all construction vehicles and equipment are well-maintained;

Construction activities which can make noise should be carried out at day time

Inform local community about schedule and duration of construction works;

Regarding other material for construction such as sand, stone, contractor should choose legal service providers who had exploitation licenses and environmental protection commitment issued by local authorities;

- Odour S

Temporary

- Noise

S

Temporary

Water resources and quality

- Degeneration / contamination of surface water

( specially water resources could be polluted by alum soil in canal dredging for Rach Tram-My Binh subproject)

S

Temporary

Create drains & bund temporary to avoid spread of polluted alum water from filling & excavated alum soil ,

Diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps

ponds

Stockpiling of spoils in flat areas & far from

drainage routes

Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible

Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation


Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste

Table 19: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Construction Phase

39

SUBPROJECT


of the subprojects

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


- Generation of sewage / wastewater

S-M

Temporary

Adequate water supply to meet construction needs & setting up of rain catchment tanks


- Generation of solid wastes

S

Temporary

Establish temporary latrines which meet regulations of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents;

Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps;

Collect solid wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites;

Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

- Siltation / erosion S

Temporary

Install diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps/pond

Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes

2 Biological Environment

- Impairment of Sensitive

vegetation / other natural

habitats (only for Sub-

project of Plain of Reeds

Primary Canal Upgrading,

which is parallel to the

Tram Chim National Park.)

N-S Temporary

Avoid construction in months of March, April, May when Red head Crane come to Tram Chim National Park

Install fence for canal sections close by Tram Chim National Part with less than 2 km to minimize noise & mitigate impact on Tram Chim National Park‟s buffer zone


The temporary increase in workers to the construction site will increase the potential for illegal fuel wood and forest product

40

SUBPROJECT


of the subprojects

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


collection and hunting. Mitigation measures will include (a) provision of heating and cooking options without use of fuel wood,(b) provision of environmental training on environmental management issues, (c) environmental protection by guards, capacity building of forest rangers, and imposing fines for illegal activities, and

Do not locate construction camps in close proximity to Tram Chim National Park and train workers not to exploit natural resources & hunting

-Impairment of aquatic flora & fauna downstream

S Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation


- Loss of vegetation N

Temporary

None required

3.Socio-Economic Environment

-Traffic congestion S Temporary

Strict enforcement of traffic rules & regulations

Installation of traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours

Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials

Posting of notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates

- Public inconveniences. disruption of utility services

S Temporary

Traffic mitigation measures (as above)

Temporary access to temporarily affected residences & institutions

Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules

41

SUBPROJECT


of the subprojects

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


- Changed drainage/irrigation affecting farmers

N Canal bottom to be dredged by wet Excavation method. So dredging activities will not affect irrigation /agricultural production

- Disruption of socio-economic activities

S Temporary



-Health hazard S Temporary

Dust control measures (as above)

Sufficiently high temporary fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions

Use of practicable available technologies that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants

Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply

Strict enforcement of proper sanitation

Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes

- Accidents & safety hazard

S Temporary

Sufficiently high temporary fence around construction sites that are in close proximity to residences & institutions

Disposing of unwanted soils as soon as possible



Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites

Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies

+Short-term employment of local population

S Temporary

Local residents should be given priority in employment for simple

42

SUBPROJECT


of the subprojects

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


construction works; therefore their living standard will be improved.

43

Table 20: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT major

characteristics of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices ( No 3,4) in Tien Giang Province Construct new sluice -Ba Rai-Phu An: 27 sluice -Go Cong area: 3 sluices

Base camp establishment and operation Land clearance Pollution by construction material exploitation activities Earthworks / excavations Haulage of fill and construction materials Effects from temporary storage yards of construction materials Access Road construction Drainage structures


Air Quality

- Dust S

Temporary Cover all trucks carrying

dispersible materials to or from the site;





- Odour S

Temporary

- Noise

S Temporary

Water resources and

quality

- Degeneration /

contamination of surface

water

S Temporary


ponds


drainage routes




- Generation of sewage /

wastewater

S Temporary



- Generation of solid

wastes

S Temporary



Collect solid wastes and

44

SUBPROJECT major


PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN. OF

IMPACT


temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites;


- Siltation / erosion S Temporary

Install diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps/pond


Interruption of water flows,

S Temporary

Setting temporary drainage ditches.


- Impairment of Sensitive

vegetation / other natural

habitats (affect to fish

moving)

S Temporary

Setting temporary construction canal

-Impairment of aquatic

flora & fauna downstream

(degradation of water

quality due to increase of

turbidity )

S Temporary





-Traffic congestion S Temporary



Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates

- Public inconveniences.

disruption of utility services

S Temporary



Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction

45

SUBPROJECT major


PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN. OF

IMPACT


phases & schedules

- Changed

drainage/irrigation affecting

farmers

S Temporary

The Contractor should coordinate with irrigation exploitation management enterprise, commune‟s irrigation staff and cultivation households in water supply area of the main canal to reach agreement on water supply duration (construction suspension), construction time (should be implemented at the time when irrigation activities are not done);

Commune‟s irrigation staff, Irrigation management enterprise or relevant authorities should soon inform the households and contractor about water supply schedule so that they can make plan on their own initiative;

- Disruption of socio-

economic activities

S Temporary

Inform fish boat about schedule of construction so that they can make plan on their own initiative;


-Health hazard S Temporary






- Accidents & safety

hazard

S Temporary





46

SUBPROJECT major


PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN. OF

IMPACT



+Short-term employment

of local population

S Temporary

Local residents should be given priority in employment for simple construction works; therefore their living standard will be improved.

47

Table 21: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province -Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

-Embankment of 3.244 km for Thuong Thoi Tien town,

Base camp establishment and operation

Land clearance

Pollution by construction material exploitation activities

Earthworks / excavations

Haulage of fill and construction materials

Effects from temporary storage yards of construction materials

Access Road construction

Drainage structures


Air Quality

- Dust M

Temporary







- Odour S

Temporary

- Noise

S

Temporary

Water resources and quality

- Degeneration / contamination of surface water

S

Temporary

Diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps, Ponds;


drainage routes;

Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation.

- Generation of sewage / wastewater

S

Temporary

Adequate water supply to meet construction needs & setting up of rain catchment tanks.

Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation.

- Generation of solid wastes

S

Temporary

Establish temporary latrines which meet regulations of Health

48

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Ministry and supply enough water to tents;




- Siltation / erosion N


- Impairment of Sensitive vegetation / other natural habitats

N

Temporary

None required

-Impairment of aquatic flora & fauna downstream

N None required


Temporary

None required


-Traffic congestion ( both water and road way)

S

Temporary




Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates

- Public inconveniences. disruption of utility services

S

Temporary




49

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


- Changed drainage/irrigation affecting farmers

N Canal bottom to be dredged by wet Excavation method. So dredging activities will not affect irrigation /agricultural production

- Disruption of socio-economic activities

S

Temporary



-Health hazard S

Temporary







- Accidents & safety hazard

S

Temporary







+Short-term employment of local population

S

Permanent

Local residents should be given priority in employment for simple

50

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


construction works; therefore their living standard will be improved.

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase

113. Negative impacts: Adverse impacts during Operation of the subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system; Subprojects for building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices; Subproject for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province are presented in Table 22, Table 23 and Table 24

114. Positive impacts: The subprojects will bring socio-economic benefits by Bank erosion prevention for section of Thuong Thoi –Thuong Phuoc -Tien river to protect safety life for communities living along two sides of the river

Decrease of waterborne diseases caused by inundation situation

Promotion of development of tourist, cultural , social-economic sectors in subproject areas

115. In the Tables the following abbreviations are used:





51

SUBPROJECT


of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No 1,2,5)

-Dredging :

Canal system of Plain of Reeds: 99.3 km

Inadequate operation and maintenance

Erosion river embankment & canal sedimentation

S Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Water quality management

Affect on water quality of increasing fertilizer or pesticide use

S Coordinate with Agriculture Extension Centre to ensure that farmers are trained in correct use of fertilizer and pesticides

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area

Table 22: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Operation & Maintenance Phase

52

Table 23: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUBPROJECTS


of new pumping stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices in Tien Giang Province

Construct new sluice

-Ba Rai-Phu An: 27 sluice

-Go Cong area: 3 sluices

Operation and maintenance of the Sluices

Long term impact on aesthetics / modification of landscape

S

Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations.

Inadequate operation and maintenance

Erosion river embankment and water logging locally

S Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation and maintenance

Reduce fishes species number & population in main river in the end of rainy season due to close of sluice gate; but creation of water source for aquaculture sustainably in main river & tributaries

S Coordinate between Irrigation exploitation company and fishery /aquaculture centre to operate sluices how to ensure deep and time for fish delivering

Create aquaculture development in main river & tributaries

Water quality management

For subproject of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

Affect on water quality of increasing fertilizer or pesticide use ( only for subproject of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

For Sub-project of Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An

No effects as it is not use fertilizers and pesticides for the Orchard in Ba Rai-Phu An

S

N

Coordinate with Agriculture Extension Centre to ensure that farmers are trained in correct use of fertilizer and pesticides

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area

53

Table 24: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUB-PROJECTS


of to be rehabilitated

pumping stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES



MAGN.

OF

IMPACT


Bank

protection for

Thuong Thoi

Tien town,

Hong Ngu

district, Dong

Thap province

-Embankment

of 3.244 km

for Thuong

Thoi Tien

town,

Operation and maintenance of Bank protection


S


Loss of fish delivery „s place S Aquaculture development due to sustainable water supply

54

V. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

116. There are 4 structural subprojects in Viet Nam that are proposed on improving and upgrading of flood and drought risk management canal and dike system in Lower Mekong River Basin in Viet Nam. The main objectives are: (i) water supply for irrigation and domestic water in dry season, (ii) flood control for Spring-Winter Crops, (iii) to control flood water to secure safe harvesting of Autumn-Summer Crops, (iv) earth excavated from canal to fill the canal banks to control floods and to use as transportation roads or resident areas. Selected sub-projects proposed in the Project have been all included in the list of projects to be invested in the “Revised 2006-2010 Mekong Delta Water Resources Master Plan and the 2020 Vision” issued in line with Decision: 84/2006/QD-TTg, 19 April2006, and in “Viet Nam‟s Water Resources Development Strategic Orientations (to 2020 and its 2050 vision) issued in line with decision 1590/QD-TTg, 9October,2009 or the provincial water resources development master plan in the project area that have been approved by the authorized levels. The implementation of the projects will provide effective contribution to the implementation of the Mekong Delta Water Resources Development Objectives in general and those in Dong Thap Muoi in particular.

117. Currently, several projects are under implementation in Dong Thap Muoi with State budget and Government‟s bonds. Those projects are closely related to the proposed one. The main drainage canals proposed for upgrading and rehabilitation under this Project are mostly located in Tan Thanh – Lo Gach canal (which direction is parallel to the borderline). At present, Tan Thanh – Lo Gach canal is upgraded / rehabilitated with the Government budget. Therefore, if the main canals are upgraded under the proposed Project, this will help to promote the effectiveness of Tan Thanh–Lo Gach project. Main and on-farm irrigation and drainage canals systems in Dong Thap Muoi have been being invested by State Budget and Government Bonds and local contributions. However, those sources have not met the demand and the investment has never been made in a systematic manner. The main canals proposed in the Project are all listed in the list of priorities to be financed with the State Budget after 2015; therefore, the ADB‟s support in upgrading and rehabilitation of this main canal system will help to accelerate the completion of the regional development plan.

118. Water source for irrigation supply under two subprojects Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area and Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area in Tien Giang Province will not affect other water users. So, the cumulate effects caused by the project to relative project in the vicinity of project area are likely to be insignificant.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Participation Process

119. The public consultation and participation process during the subproject preparation stage will involve the following activities:

Reconnaissance surveys of the Sub-Project site. On-site discussions with district and town commune officials will provide information on the physical and biological resources, social-economic environment, opportunities and constraints relevant to the proposed Sub-Projects.

Participatory meetings with stakeholders and representatives from Provincial IDMC, Sub-Project PPC, DPC, CPC, the Department of Health, and the Women‟s Union Organisation with the objective to collect data and to present the Sub-Projects (designs and locations), the Draft IEE, and to learn about social and environmental issues and concerns.

55

B. Consultation Meetings

2. Schedules and participation

120. The Public Consultation Meetings were organised in Subproject Communes People Committees from 20-25September, 2010. Participants were representatives from the CPO, PMUs, Sub-project Communes People Committees, Sub-project District‟s Environmental Management Division, the Women‟s Union, the farmer union at district, and commune level, and representatives from affected households in Sub-project Communes. Totally, there were 4 Public Consultation Meetings were conducted with 332 participants. Details are provided in Table 25.

Date Time Sub-project Province Districts Communes Meeting location

Number

of participants

20 Sept. 2010

08.00 hrs Thuong Thoi Thuong River Bankment

Dong Thap

Hong Ngu

Thuong Phuoc 2

Commune meeting room

80

22 Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Improving and upgrading flood control and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds

Dong Thap

Tam Nong

Phu Thanh B Commune meeting room

90

23 Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

Tien Giang

Go Cong town

Long Hoa Commune meeting room

76

24Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area

Tien Giang

Cai Lay Hiep Duc Commune meeting room

86

Total 332

121. The objectives of the meeting are to obtain the feedback from the participants on environmental impacts caused by project and their opinion on the project implementation.

122. The following contents have been presented during the meeting:

Subprojects‟ objectives;

Subprojects‟ locations, designs and cost estimates;

GOV & ADB environmental policies and procedures;

Project‟s environmental category per ADB and GOV policies;

Environmental issues per sub-project locations and designs;

Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject;

Proposed mitigation measures;

Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program;

123. Feedback from Participants

Table 25: List of Sub-project for Public Consultation’s meetings

56

There is general agreement on the construction of the subprojects in the two provinces because the sub projects will prevent land slide and soil erosion along Tien river; Reduce flood water level; Flood drainage; acid sulfate water drainage and fresh water resources reservation;

The Project “public consultation” is highly appreciated because it helps local people in understanding the project content and express their opinions so as to ensure effective implementation of the project;

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project‟;

Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully, especially residential area along proposed dredging canals and river section to be embanked for example, fence should be set-up properly;

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small or negligible impacts due to sub-project sites are not in residential areas;

Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along proposed upgrading/ expanded canals;

Construction activities would affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues, It may be replaced with rearing shrimp by planting rice or other crops during construction period;

Regarding water supply, river/canal water is polluted; local people need other source for water supply (drilled well) or storage tank;

Contractors need to hire local people for manual work;

Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to local people to plan agricultural produce & cultivation and to find other transportation way (as main way of transportation is waterway);

Local people wish that Project would improve the irrigation system to wash alum (acid water) from the field to increase rice yields.

Conclusion

There is agreement on the construction of the all Subprojects and desired early construction

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project

124. All comments from participants & stakeholders will be fully considered in mitigation measures of Environmental Assessment & detailed design in next phase.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Purpose of the Mechanism

125. The grievance redress mechanism is meant for persons seeking satisfactory resolution to their complaints on the environmental performance of the subproject. The mechanism will ensure that: i) the basic rights and interests of every person affected by poor environmental performance of the subproject are protected; and ii) their concerns arising from the poor environmental performance of the subproject during the conduct of pre-construction, construction and operation activities are effectively and timely addressed. B. Access to the Mechanism

126. Any person who has complaint regarding the environmental performance of the subproject during pre-construction, construction and operation phases shall have access to the grievance redress mechanism described in the subsequent section. The CPO and the

57

Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of each of the PMU will nominate and train a staff member to be a Grievance Point Person (GPP).

127. The CPO and PMU through their GPPs shall ensure that:

(i) the grievance redress mechanism and the contact details of the GPPs are

publicly disclosed, and posted in the offices of the affected communes and in strategic places of the Sub-project‟s area of influence;

(ii) the grievance redress mechanism is accessible to all affected villages/communes;

(iii) the public, especially the residents and passers-by in the vicinities of influence of the Sub-project, is aware of their rights to access, and shall have access to, the mechanism free of administrative and legal charges; and

(iv) a registry of grievances received is maintained for reporting to ADB and higher Government authorities on associated follow-up, resolution or non-resolution of issues.

C. The Grievance Redress Mechanism

128. Managing grievances takes a step-by-step process. It requires assigning responsibilities and specifying timelines for prompt responses/actions to grievances to avoid prolonging the misery of affected person/s (AP/s). Grievances raised on environmental impacts are critical to the health and wellness of affected persons. Hence, timelines of responses are critical.

129. Households or groups of households wishing to complain about the effects of construction works on their property, production system, economic well-being, spiritual life, quality of surface and ground water, quality of air, health, safety, welfare, or any other assets of their lives shall make their complaint using the standard Complaints forms provided by the GPPs.

130. The Grievance Investigation and Resolution process is outlined below:

Step 1: Complaint form will be sent by APs, Affected households (AHs) or groups of households to the GPP of the relevant EMU.

Step 2: If the complaint is judged as valid, within 15 days from the date the complaint is received, the relevant EMU will organize meetings with the relevant agencies/contractors/sub contractors to discuss how to resolve the matter. All meetings will be recorded and copies of the minutes of meetings will be provided to APs/AHs.

Step 3: The relevant EMU shall take such mitigation measures as agreed in meetings from step 2 within 15 days, or some other period acceptable to the parties referred to in step 2.

Step 4: When the complaint is resolved, the Complaint Form need to be signed by Complainer/ head of Household, the EMU and annotated at each stage of process by the relevant EMU with copies to be sent to CPO.

Step 5: If no understanding or amicable solution is reached, or if no response is received from the EMU within 15 days after the registration of complaint, the APs/ AHs can appeal to the CPO through their GPP. The APs/AHs must lodge the complaint within 30 days of registering the original complaint and must produce documents with copies of appeal that support his/her claim. The CPO will provide a decision within 1 month of receiving the appeal.

Step 6: When the complaint is resolved, the Complaint Form need to be signed by Complainer/ head of Household, the EMU, the CPO, and annotated at each stage of process by the GPP of the CPO with copies to be sent to ADB.

58

Step 7: If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the CPO or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the AP as a last resort may submit his/her case to the court, in which decision is final.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring

131. The Central Project Office (CPO, MARD) will be the executing agency for the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation (GMS) Project in Viet Nam. Two Project Management Units (PMUs) will be established to manage and monitor all day-to-day implementation activities of the Project. The PMU will include representatives from the Agencies and Departments as shown in Table 26.

Table 26: Representatives of two PMUs

PMUs Name of Sub-Project Representatives of agency/departments/organizations

Tien Giang PMU Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area

Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area

Tien Giang PPC

Tien Giang IDMC

Other entities involved in managing and implementing the Project.

Dong Thap PMU Improving and upgrading of Plain of Reeds flood drainage and irrigation canal system

Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

Dong Thap PPC

Dong Thap IDMC

The Project‟ DPC & Town PC (Tan Hong, Tam Nong, Thanh Binh districts and Hong Ngu Town)

Other entities involved in managing and implementing the Project.

132. The supervision and monitoring of Project-related resettlement and environmental activities during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases are some of the functions of the PMU. In line with this, it is proposed that a Provincial Environmental Management Unit (PEMU) will be set up within the PMU, responsible for supervision on environmental management and for environmental monitoring. The major responsibilities of the PEMU will be to ensure that:

The mitigation measures and monitoring of these activities are being carried out as agreed.

The environmental monitoring program, comprising of taking samples and analysis being carried out.

Reporting is performed in compliance with ADB and GoV requirements.

133. The EMU shall be headed by qualified staff that is assigned full time to the PMU. At least one full-time technical expert and one full-time administrative staff member shall be assigned to the EMU. The PMU will engage part time a local Environmental Consultant to provide for the EMU technical assistance in environmental management and monitoring.

134. If Project Implementation Assistance (PIA) consultants are employed during implementation of the Project, then the PIA Team‟s Environmental Specialists will pass on

59

expert advice and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring.

135. To ensure that the ADB environmental requirements and all applicable GoV environmental laws, regulations and standards, are met prior to the start of construction and during construction and operation of the Project, an elaborate Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan should be prepared at the Detailed Design stage based on the concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan presented in current IEE. Environmental monitoring during long term operation of the GMS –Viet Nam Sub-Projects is largely the responsibility of Tien Giang Province IDMC, The Project District & Town DPC and TPC

136. The Terms of Reference for the detailed engineering design and the bid documents should specify the preparation of specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans for the subprojects, which shall be presented for comments to the stakeholders. B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

137. For the stage of IEE, Tables G.2 to G.4 presents concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) for the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam for the various project stages. However, at the stage of Detailed Design detailed EMPs shall be prepared for environmental management – including all required mitigation measures – and monitoring during the different stages of the Sub-Projects. The detailed costs for these environmental management and monitoring activities shall also be calculated at that stage and be incorporated in the various contracts.

138. Responsible for Environmental Monitoring during project implementation are the main contractor, the sub-contractors, the PEMU/PMU, and the communities. The EMPs will be the guiding document for environmental management and monitoring during execution of the Sub-Projects. It will guide the PEMU/PMU in determining whether the recommended mitigation measures prior to construction, and during construction and operation, are being implemented effectively. Environmental monitoring results shall be documented and reviewed to ensure that signs of adverse impacts are detected at an early stage and that actions for mitigation are taken. Monitoring results will have to be reported monthly by the EMU and be submitted to the head of the PMU, who in turn will submit them to DONRE and CPO for approval. The Central Project Office will submit the EMP to the ADB. The format for the monthly and annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be developed during the Detailed Design Phase and may have to be refined during implementation of the Project.

1. Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air

quality and noise

139. For the costs during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase for implementation and monitoring of the Resettlement Plan (RP) – based on the implementation schedule of the RP – is referred to Resettlement Report.

140. Monitoring, to be carried out by the EMU/PMU, of surface water quality, air quality (TSP) and noise, during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phases adds up to an average amount of USD108,560 (VDN 2,062,264,000- with rate is 19,000 VND/USD) per subproject. Appendix 1 provides for one subproject the environmental monitoring activities and the costs during the various project phases of the Project. For the whole GMS in Viet Nam Project (11 subprojects) the costs for Environmental Monitoring are estimated at: 7x USD108,560 = USD 759,920.

60

2. Environmental Management and Monitoring for Subprojects for

Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system

canal system (No 1, 2 and 5)

141. For the stage of IEE, Table 27 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system; Table 28 subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices; Table 29 subproject for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.

61

Environmental Impacts

Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring

Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures

Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs

Pre-Construction

Land acquisition requirements & displacement of local residents

Prepare Resettlement Plan (RP) based on an agreed resettlement and compensation framework & implement accordingly

PMU and Resettlement Committees (RCs).

Monitoring of implementation of RP, based on implementation schedule of RP.

Review of submitted PMU and RC Progress Reports.

PMU.

EMA (independent external monitoring agency).

For resettlement costs see Resettlement Report.

Displacement of local residents

Proximity to environmentally sensitive areas / areas with aesthetic value

Avoid construction in months of May

when Red head Crane come to Tram Chim National Park


Consultants doing the design.

flooding / odour / noise

Proper design, O&M; sufficient buffer.


Monitoring of Technical Design.

MARD Included in cost of Technical Design.

Vulnerability to erosion / landslide

Proper design and O&M




During Construction


Air Quality

- Dust



Ensure all construction

Contractor Periodic (plus in-between unannounced) inspection of construction activities

Air quality monitoring (quarterly & more

Contractor, PMU, communities; also sub-contractors have responsibility of environmental monitoring.

EMA

Table 27: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system

62



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


vehicles and equipment are well-maintained;




frequently when complaints /issues arise)

- Odour

- Noise

Periodic (plus in-between unannounced) inspection of construction activities

Air quality monitoring (quarterly & more frequently when complaints / issues arise)


EMA

Water resources

and quality

- Degeneration /

contamination of

surface water

( specially water

resources could be

polluted by alum

soil in canal

dredging for Rach

Tram-My Binh

Subproject)


Diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps, ponds

Stockpiling


Surface water quality monitoring (quarterly & more frequent when complaints /


EMA

63



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


of spoils in flat areas & far from

drainage routes




issues arise)

- Generation of

sewage /

wastewater



Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of waste disposal.

Contractor, PMU, communities.

EMA

Incorporated in

Recommended contract provisions.

- Generation of

solid wastes


Discussing with residents to

Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in recommended contract provisions.

64



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps;



- Siltation / erosion Install diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps/pond


Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of construction activities.


EMA




Contractor



EMA



-Impairment of

Sensitive

vegetation / other

natural habitats

( some section of

canal systems in

Avoid construction in months of May

when Red head Crane come to Tram Chim

Contractor


Contractor,

PMU,

communities.

EMA

Incorporated in

recommended

contract

provisions

65



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


POR close to

Tram Chim

National Park)

National Park


-Impairment of

aquatic flora &

fauna

downstream

Suitable earthworks & storm water management (No. 5 above)





Contractor


Surface water quality monitoring (quarterly & more frequently when complaints / issues arise)


EMA



-Traffic

congestion


Installation of traffic aids in critical routes during peak hours


Posting of prior notice on construction

Contractor



EMA


66



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates)

- Public

inconveniences,

disruption of

utility services




Contractor



External Monitoring Agency

(EMA)

- Disruption of

socio-economic

activities



Contractor




(EMA)

-Health hazard Dust control measures (as above)

Sufficiently

Contractor



External Monitoring

67



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


high temporary fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions





Agency

(EMA)

- Accidents &

safety hazard



Temporary disposal

Contractor




68



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


system for solid & hazardous wastes




Operation & Maintenance

Erosion river embankment & canal sedimentation

Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Irrigation Exploitation Companies

Periodic & unannounced inspection of precautions and enforcement of regulations.


Annual administrative costs.

Affect on water quality of increasing fertilizer or pesticide use

Coordinate with Agriculture Extension Centre to ensure that farmers are trained in correct use of fertilizers and pesticides

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in subproject areas


Periodic & unannounced inspection of precautions and enforcement of regulations and sampling program.



69



Socio-economic and physical/biological

aspects

Mitigation Measures


Pre-Construction


Land acquisition and Resettlement to be not required

It is not required

It is not

required

It is not

required

It is not

required

Displacement of local residents

Proximity to natural habitats

Proper design and O&M of sluices














Degradation of fisheries





Degradation of navigation / river transport





During Construction


Air Quality

- Dust




Inform local


Air quality monitoring (quarterly & more frequent when complaints / issues arise)


EMA

- Odour

- Noise Periodic

(plus in-

Contractor, PMU,

Table 28: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices

70




aspects

Mitigation Measures


community about schedule and duration of construction works;


between unannounced) inspection of construction activities


communities; also sub-contractors have responsibility of environmental monitoring.

EMA

Water resources

and quality

- Degeneration /

contamination of

surface water

( specially water

resources could be

polluted by alum

soil in canal

dredging for Rach

Tram-My Binh

Subproject)



ponds

Stockpiling of spoils in flat areas & far from drainage routes


Adequate


Surface water quality monitoring (quarterly & more frequent when complaints / issues arise)


EMA

71




aspects

Mitigation Measures


temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation


- Generation of

sewage /

wastewater



Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended

Contract provisions.

- Generation of

solid wastes

Establish temporary toilet which meet regulations of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents;

Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build

Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended


72




aspects

Mitigation Measures


camps;



- Siltation / erosion Install diversion drains & bunds, temporary silt traps/pond


Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended




Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended



- Impairment of

Sensitive vegetation

/ other natural

habitats (affect to

fish moving)

Setting temporary construction canal

Contractor


Contractor,

PMU,

communities.

EMA

Incorporated in

recommended

contract

provisions

-Impairment of

aquatic flora &

fauna downstream

(degradation of

Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict

Contractor

Periodic (plus in-between unannounced)


EMA


73




aspects

Mitigation Measures


water quality due to

increase of turbidity

)

enforcement of proper sanitation


inspection of construction activities



-Traffic congestion Strict enforcement of traffic rules & regulations



Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates)

Contractor



EMA


- Public

inconveniences,

disruption of utility

services



Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power,

Contractor




(EMA)

74




aspects

Mitigation Measures


drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules

-Changed

drainage/irrigation

affecting farmers

The Contractor should coordinate with irrigation exploitation management enterprise, commune‟s irrigation staff and cultivation households in water supply area of the main canal to reach agreement on water supply duration (construction suspension), construction time (should be implemented at the time when irrigation activities are not done);

Commune‟s irrigation staff, Irrigation management enterprise or relevant authorities should inform the households and contractor about water supply schedule so that they can make plan on their own initiative;

Contractor




(EMA)

- Disruption of

socio-economic

activities

Inform fish boat about schedule of construction so that they can make plan

Contractor




75




aspects

Mitigation Measures


on their own initiative;


(EMA)






Contractor




(EMA)

- Accidents & safety

hazard



Traffic mitigation measures (as

Contractor




76




aspects

Mitigation Measures


above)





Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation and maintenance





Erosion river embankment and water logging locally

Coordinate between Irrigation exploitation company and fishery /aquaculture centre to operate sluices how to ensure water deep and time for fish delivering

Create aquaculture development in main river & tributaries





Reduce fishes species number & population in main river in the end of rainy season due to closing of sluice gate; but creation of water source for aquaculture sustainably in main

Coordinate with Agriculture Extension Centre to ensure that farmers are trained in correct use of fertilizer and pesticides


77




aspects

Mitigation Measures


river & tributaries

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in subproject area



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


Pre-Construction


Prepare Resettlement Plan (RP) based on an agreed resettlement and compensation framework & implement accordingly

PMU and Resettlement Committees (RCs).

Monitoring of implementation of RP, based on implementation schedule of RP.

Review of submitted PMU and RC Progress Reports.

PMU.

EMA (independent external monitoring agency).

For resettlement costs see Resettlement Report. Displacement of

local residents











During Construction


Air Quality

Table 29: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

78



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


- Dust










EMA

- Odour

- Noise




EMA

Water resources

and quality

- Degeneration /

contamination of

surface water


Contractor Periodic (plus in-between unannounced)

Contractor, PMU, communities; also sub-contractors

79



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


ponds


drainage routes


inspection of construction activities


have responsibility of environmental monitoring.

EMA

- Generation of

sewage /

wastewater



Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended


- Generation of

solid wastes



Collect solid

Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended


80



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites;



-Impairment of

Sensitive

vegetation / other

natural habitats

It is not required It is not

required

It is not

required

It is not

required

It is not

required

-Impairment of

aquatic flora &

fauna downstream

It is not required It is not

required

It is not

required

It is not

required

It is not

required


-Traffic congestion Strict enforcement of traffic rules & regulations



Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a

Contractor



EMA

Incorporated in

recommended


81



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


week prior to effective / implementation dates)

- Public

inconveniences,

disruption of utility

services




Contractor




(EMA)

- Disruption of

socio-economic

activities



Contractor




(EMA)



Use of practicable available technologies

Contractor




(EMA)

82



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants




- Accidents &

safety hazard






Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities &

Contractor




83



Socio-economic and


Mitigation Measures


equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies








Loss of fish delivery „s place

Aquaculture development due to sustainable water supply





IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Objectives and Positive impacts

142. The objective of the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam is to improve flood discharge capacity in flood season and reservation of fresh water resources as well for irrigation, local economy, especially in dry season for towns and cities by constructing new sluices and upgrading of existing drainage and irrigation systems, erosion bank protection.

143. Therefore, the realisation of GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam will bring significant positive impacts on irrigation and drainage canal system in Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces; Thuong Thoi and Hong Ngu Town by increased flood discharge capacity and water supply for irrigation, river dike protection. Improving of flood drainage capacity can resolve completely inundation situation in the subproject Districts in Dong Thap Provinces, by then hygiene-sanitary condition will improve accordingly. B. Negative impacts

144. Screening of potential environmental impacts for the Design Phases, the Construction Phases and the Operation & Maintenance Phases of the subprojects also revealed adverse effects. However, all identified adverse impacts appeared to be of small or moderate level and many are of temporary in nature during construction phase. No significant adverse environmental impacts are expected. Mitigation measures have been formulated and that can diminish the adverse impacts (Part E) and concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) have been developed for the subprojects (Part I). More detailed EMPs have to be prepared during the Design Phase to control and mitigate identified small and moderate negative environmental impacts.

84

C. Recommendations

145. The executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Project is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. Only additional detailed Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans have to be prepared to control and mitigate the identified small and moderate adverse environmental impacts. However, because only The subproject No.6 “Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province” with total length of Bank protection of 3.224km long in the Mekong river, more than 1.0km, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Viet Nam (Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP- River and sea embankment projects with 1000m or more in length need preparation of EIA). At the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project the IEE is sufficient. The EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit. The EIA will be carried out by national consultants. Supervision and approval will be provided by Dong Thap DONRE. D. Conclusion

146. From the proposed subprojects for Tien Giang and Dong Thap, only small and moderate adverse environmental impacts are expected. These adverse impacts can be mitigated by proper design, specific mitigations measures, and by adequate operation & maintenance. For these reasons the executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the subprojects is sufficient, which in accordance with the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. However, because only The subproject on “Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province” with total length of Bank protection of 3.224 km long in the Mekong river, is more than 1.0 km, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Viet Nam. At present i.e. at the feasibility and PPTA stage of the Project the prepared IEE is sufficient. The full EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit.

X. REFERENCES

1. Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. 2. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. 3. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 4. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Projects,

Asian Development Bank, November 1991. 5. Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, Part I Legal Documents, 5, Article 11.2b. 6. Feasibility Study of the Subprojects. 7. Standard QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water

Quality for water for domestic use, irrigation and for water ways and navigation. 8. Standard QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on underground

water. 9. Standard QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality 10. TCVN 5949: 1998: Noise in public and residential areas Maximum permitted noise

level. 11. Standard TCVN 6774:2000: Fresh-water quality guidelines for the protection of

aquatic life. 12. Report on Status of Environment of Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces in -2009 13. TCVN-5944-2005 – Viet Namese Standard for ground water. 14. QCVN-2008 – National Technical Regulations on Environment. 15. Provincial Statistical Yearbook 2009.

85

16. 5 year-State Environmental Report 2005-2010 of Dong Thap Province

86

XI. ANNEXES

87

Annex 1-Preliminary Cost Estimates for Environmental monitoring: one year-01 Subproject

Cost Item No of

Engineer Man

month No. of

Months

Frequency in a Year

(monthly)

No of Samples

or

No of Taking

Sample‟s People

Total No of Sample or

Car rent day

No of working

days

Unit Rate

(USD)

Total Cost

(USD)

PRE-CONSTRUCTION

A EMU-PPMU

A.1

Irrigation Engineer

(1 for full time for a year) 0 0

300

A.2 Monitoring Activities

A.2.1 Measuring or Analysis

- Air Quality & Noise Level 1

One time before

construction

5 80 400

- Surface Water Quality 1 10 110 1110

-Ground Water Quality

A.2.2 Taking & Handling Samples

Per Diem:

- Air Quality & Noise Level 1 2 2 30 60

- Surface Water Quality 1 3 2 30 60

-Ground Water Quality

Transport:

- Air Quality & Noise Level 1 1 100 100

- Surface Water Quality 1 1 100 100

A2.3 Boat rent 20 20

A2.4 Report (Result of Environmental Monitoring)

1

120 120

Sub-Total 1(Pre- Construction)

2270

DURING CONSTRUCTION

A Consultants

A.1 International Environmental Specialist

(part of PIA Team - TA Grant, 4 mos. Intermittently for a

88

Cost Item No of

Engineer Man

month No. of

Months

Frequency in a Year

(monthly)

No of Samples

or

No of Taking

Sample‟s People


Car rent day

No of working

days

Unit Rate

(USD)

Total Cost

(USD)

year)

A.2 Local Environmental Specialist

(part of PIA Team - TA Grant, 6 mos. intermittently for a year)

B EMU-PPMU

B.1

Irrigation Engineer

(6 months for a year)

1 6 6

500

3000

B.2 Monitoring Activities

B.2.1

Measuring or Analysis

- Air Quality & Noise Level

12 12 5

60 80 4800

- Surface Water Quality

12 12 10

120 110 13200

-Ground water

B.2.2 Taking & Handling Samples

Per Diem:


12 12 2

2x12 30 720


12 12 3

2x12 30 720

-Ground water

Transport:


12 12 1 1

12 100 1200


12 12 3

1

12

100 1200

B.2.3 Boat rent 12 20 240

B.2.4

Report (Result of Environmental

12 120 1440

89

Cost Item No of

Engineer Man

month No. of

Months

Frequency in a Year

(monthly)

No of Samples

or

No of Taking

Sample‟s People


Car rent day

No of working

days

Unit Rate

(USD)

Total Cost

(USD)

Monitoring)

Sub-Total 2(During Construction)

26520 USD

DURING OPERATION

B Environmental Monitoring Staff

B1 Irrigation Engineer/Environmentalist

1

3

(part time)

500 1500

B2 Monitoring Activities

B2.1

Measuring or Analysis


4 10 40 110 4440

- Ground Water Quality

B2 .2

Taking & Handling Samples

Per Diem:



4 3

12 30 360

-Ground water

Transport:



4 1 2 daysx

4

100

800

-Ground water

B 2.3 Boat Rent

B 24

Report (Result of Environmental

4 120 480

90

Cost Item No of

Engineer Man

month No. of

Months

Frequency in a Year

(monthly)

No of Samples

or

No of Taking

Sample‟s People


Car rent day

No of working

days

Unit Rate

(USD)

Total Cost

(USD)

Monitoring)

Sub-Total 3 (During Operation)

6080 USD

Total (1)+(2)+(3)

91

Estimated Cost for Environmental Management Plan of the Proposed Component Unit 103 VND

Exchange rate VND/US$: 19000

Frequency Responsibility

Agencies

Before Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Amount without

TAX-USD

Amount (with VAT) +10%

Environmental Monitoring VND USD

Pre-Construction

Air quality/TSP One time before construction

(Baseline data

Contractor

Sub-Contractor

PMU

Communities

2270

USD

Noise

Water Quality

To clear the ground

Sub-Total 1

During Construction 26520

USD

26520

USD

26520

USD

Monthly Contractor

Communities

Air quality (TSP & Noise) Monthly

Water quality Monthly

Sub-Total 2

Operation

Water quality Monthly IDMC

Communities

6080

USD

6080

USD

Sub-Total 3

Total 1+2+3 93990

Contingency 4700

98690 108,559

USD

Around 108,560

USD

Note: TSP & Noise is measured at Site – Measurement Cost based on Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC Water quality sample is taken at Site & analyzed in Laboratory- based on Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC Perdiem based on Circular 23/2007/TT-BTC – Transportation cost based on Current Vehicle transportation price

Average amount for one subproject = 108,560 USD Total estimate cost for 4 subprojects = 434,240 USD

92

Annex 2: Cost estimation of water quality analysis for one sample

No Criteria Unit Price VND according to

Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC

1 T Sample

2 pH Sample 30.000

3 DO Sample 60.000

4 Turbidity Sample 50.000

5 EC Sample 40.000

6 SS Sample 50.000

7 Cl Sample 50.000

8 SO4-- Sample 50.000

9 Ca Sample 60.000

10 Mg Sample 60.000

11 Fe Sample 60.000

12 NO2- Sample 50.000

13 NO3- Sample 50.000

14 NH4+ Sample 60.000

15 PO4 3- Sample 60.000

16 COD Sample 70.000

17 BOD5 Sample 80.000

18 Faecal Coliform Sample 60.000

19 Coliform Sample 60.000

20 As Sample 80.000

21 Pb Sample 60.000

22 Hg Sample 80.000

23 Cd Sample 60.000

24 Cr6+ Sample 60.000

25

Pesticides-organic

Cl / Potassium Sample 600.000

Total VND 1940000

USD 110

93

Annex 3: Rapid Environmental Assessment (ADB, REA)

Checklist Irrigation /Drainage SubProjects-GMS Project in Viet Nam

Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be

attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief

Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional

Department.

This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii)

indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: The Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management

and Mitigation (GMS) Project in Viet Nam

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

A. Project Sitting

Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the

following environmentally sensitive areas?

protected area x

wetland x

mangrove x

estuarine x

buffer zone of protected area x

special area for protecting biodiversity x

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause…

loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of

encroachment into forests/swamp lands or

historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology

of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage

hazards)?

x

conflicts in water supply rights and related social

Conflicts?

x

Impediments to movements of people and animals? x

potential ecological problems due to increased soil

erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream

capacity?

x

insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion? x

over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinisation

and ground subsidence?

x

impairment of downstream water quality and therefore,

impairment of downstream beneficial uses of water?

x

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? x 39 households will be

94

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

affected.

potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and

land use issues?

x

soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals? x

noise from construction equipment? x Noise will be generated from

construction equipment

during the construction

phase.

dust? x Dust will be generated

during the construction

phase.

labour-related social problems, especially if

workers from different areas are hired?

x normally, workers from the

local area are hired.

water logging and soil salinisation due to inadequate

drainage and farm management?

x locally, water logging is

expected during the

construction phase.

leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil

characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation

water?

x

reduction of downstream water supply during peak

seasons?

x

soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater,

and public health risks due to excessive application of

fertilizers and pesticides?

x

soil erosion (furrow, surface)? x Locally. some erosion is

expected.

scouring of canals? x

clogging of canals by sediments? x

clogging of canals by weeds? x

seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater

systems?

x

introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or

water related diseases?

x

95

ANNEX 4: NOTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING

List of Subproject for Public Consultation’s meetings

Date Time Subproject Province Districts Communes Meeting location

Number

of participants

20 Sept. 2010

08.00 hrs Thuong Thoi Thuong River Bankment

Dong Thap

Hong Ngu Thuong Phuoc 2


82

22 Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Improving and upgrading flood control and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds

Dong Thap

Tam Nong Phu Thanh B


90

23 Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Go Cong Tien Giang

Go Cong town

Long Hoa Commune meeting room

76

24 Sept. 2010

8.00 hrs Cai Lay Tien Giang

Cai Lay Hiep Duc Commune meeting room

86

Total 334

1. Objectives of the Workshop

To inform the stakeholders the Project information, findings and proposed mitigating

measures as indicated in the IEE;

To receive comments from beneficiaries and affected peoples, local officials, community leaders, NGOs/ Societies, and others;

Ensure community consensus for project implementation & information disclosure to local

people with precisely;

2. Disclosed information

Subprojects‟ objectives;

Subprojects‟ locations, designs & cost estimates;

GOV & ADB environmental policies & procedures;

Project‟s environmental category per ADB & GoV policies;

Environmental issues per subproject locations & designs;

Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject;

Proposed mitigation measures;

Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program;

3. Meeting Participants

Each subproject Commune, the participants expected to attend the meeting are:

Local authorities: representatives of district and commune PCs, representatives of Viet Nam Woman Union, Public Health, Environment Division at District & Commune level, representatives of local communities.

Representatives of project affected people (PAP) to ensure they are meaningfully involved in the public consultation. PAPs representatives including affected by environmental impacts both direct and indirect negative impacts.

96

Total of participants for one subproject: 80-90 people

4. Meeting Agenda (each meeting)

Duration for presentation

(minutes)

Content Presented by

5 Welcome CPC

10 Introduction of the Project & sub-project Nguyen Thi Loan

Environmental Consultant-VISION RI

30 Brief presentations on the sub-projects/ADB safeguard policy/potential impacts & mitigation measures

Nguyen Thi Loan

Environmental Consultant-VISION RI

60 Discussion on environmental issues & potential impacts & mitigation measures & monitoring of mitigation measure implementation, especially public participation in environmental monitoring

All participants

5 Wrap-up & Closing Consultants

(Note: In all meetings, Environmental, social and community-based disaster risk management

consultations were combined)

5. General Comments from Participants of all sub-project’s Public Consultation Meetings The comments from the participants can be summarised as follows:

There is general agreement on the construction of the Sub-projects in the three provinces because the sub-projects will prevent land slide and soil erosion along Tien river; Reduce flood water level; Flood drainage; acid sulfate water drainage and fresh water resources reservation;

The Project “public consultation” is highly appreciated because it helps local people in understanding the project content and express their opinions so as to ensure effective implementation of the project;

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project;

Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully , especially for residential area along proposed new and upgrading canals, for example, fence should be set-up properly;

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small or negligible impacts due to sub-project sites are not in residential areas;

Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along proposed upgrading/ expanded canals;

Construction activities would affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues, It may be replaced with rearing shrimp by planting rice or other crops during construction period

Regarding water supply, river/canal water is polluted; local people need other source for water supply (drilled well) or storage tank.

Contractors need to hire local people for manual work.

Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to local people to plan agricultural produce & cultivation and to find other transportation way (as main way of transportation is waterway)

Local people wish that Project would improve the irrigation system to wash alum (acid water) from the field to increase rice yields

97

Conclusion

There is agreement on the construction of the all Sub-projects and desired early construction

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project

All comments from participants & stakeholders will be fully considered in mitigation measures of

Environmental Assessment & detailed design in next phase

Participant‟s Comments of each sub-projects see bellow Table “Summary of Public Consultation

Reports “

6. Comments from Participants of the sub-project‟s Public Consultation Meetings

98

Summary of Public Consultation Reports (8)

Sub-project Province Name

of

District

Name of

Commune

Number of

participants

Suggestions/ Comments

Embankment

of Tien River

for soil

erosion

control in

Thuong Thoi

Tien

Dong

Thap

Hong

Ngu

Thuong

Phuoc 2

80 Comments

Construction activities may affect the fish population, project need to support fishery people that are about 800 households.

Local people are living mainly by fishing (because they do not have land for agricultural activities)

During operation no adverse effect occurs

The commune is not affected by soil acidity.

Contractors need to hire local workers

People want to know how the acquired land and houses are compensated

Since water supply for local people is taken directly from the Mekong River without treatment, constructors must not discharge domestic and construction wastewater into the river to ensure water quality for the people

How houses and trees in the eroded locations are dealt with?

The embankments of Tien river shall affect the electricity station of pumping irrigation system, which irrigate paddy rice

Contractors should quickly finish construction to avoid affecting the travel of local people.

Construction activities will affect agricultural activities

Conclusion

All negative impacts are

negligible and easily mitigated

Agreed on mitigation

measures

Agreed on the sub-project

construction and desired early

construction

Improving

and

upgrading

Dong

Thap

Tam

Nong

Phu

Thanh B

76 Comments

Construction activities will affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues,


of

District

Name of

Commune

Number of

participants


flood control

and irrigation

canal of the

Plain of

Reeds

It may be replaced by rearing shrimp by planting rice or other crops during construction period

Construction activities would affect local drinking water supply, project needs to provide water storage tanks for local people

There are not many issues on the management of outside people coming for work, because every year (March-July) about 500-700 Viet Namese coming for rice harvest. Thus, local authorities are quite familiar with the management.

Change the labour practices in the absence of the shrimp harvest by planting crops, do not catch birds in the park

Suggest to hire locals in the construction process because the abundant labour resources

After the project, the irrigation system will be improved, flood will be controlled and 3 crops/year can be made

Conclusions


measures



construction

Upgrading of

Salt water

intrusion

protection

system in Go

Cong area

Tien

Giang

Go

Cong

Long Hoa 76 Comments

Agree with mitigation

measures recommended by

the project consultant

Increase of dust & noise level

in construction period is

considered as small impact

Construction in rainy days

would increase the possibility

of accidents because of wet

soil, piles of material causing

fall down, electrical accidents,

sinking land

Transportation of construction

material may cause traffic

jams and traffic accidents

Contractors should hire local

labor for manual work

Conclusion


100


of

District

Name of

Commune

Number of

participants


measures



construction

Flood

Control

System for

Bai Rai –

Phu An

Orchards in

Cai Lay and

Cai Be

Districts,

Tien

Giang

Cai

Lay

Hiep Duc 86 Existing environmental condition

The dredging would not affect

water quality because the

canal system is connected

People have no comment on

the time the contractor's work

Contractors should hire local

labour for manual work

Sources of income of local

people come primarily from

fruits, not from fisheries, thus

dredging canals would not

affect income sources of local

people

The transportation by waterway

during the construction phase is not

affected (as local people can go by

other way)

Conclusion:


measures



101

7. Pictures and List of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings

7.1 Dong Thap

Public Consultation Meeting in Thuong Phuoc 2 commune, Hong Ngu District (20/ Sep, 2010)

Public Consultation Meeting at Phu Thanh B commune, Tam Nong district, Dong

Thap province 22 Sep 2010

a. Tien Giang

Public Consultation Meeting at Long Hoa Commune, Go Cong District Tien Giang Province 23 Sep 2010

102

Public Consultation Meeting at Cai Lay District Tien Giang Province 24 Sep 2010

103

Lists of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings

1. Meetings in Dong Thap Public consultation in Thuong Phuoc 2 commune, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

105

Public consultation in Phu Thanh B commune, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

106

2. Meeting in Tien Giang Public consultation in Long Hoa commune, Go Cong town, Tien Giang province

107

Public consultation in Hiep Duc commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province

108

List of Bird species in Tram Chim National Park (up to May, 2007)

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

IUCN Red-

list 2006

Viet-nam

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ANSERIFORMES

Dendrocygnidae

1 Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling-duck Le nâu

Anatidae

2 Anser anser Greylag Goose Ngỗng trời

3 Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Vịt khoang

4 Cairina scutulata White-winged Duck Ngan cánh trắng EN V IIB I

5 Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck Vịt mồng

6 Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy-goose Le khoang cổ T

7 Anas penelope Eurasian Wigeon Vịt đầu vàng

8 Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck Vịt trời

9 Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Vịt mỏ thìa

10 Anas acuta Northern Pintail Vịt mốc

11 Anas querquedula Garganey Mồng két mày trắng

12 Anas crecca Common Teal Mồng két

TURNICIFORMES

Turnicidae

13 Turnix sylvatica Small Buttonquail Cun cút nhỏ

14 Turnix tanki Yellow-legged Buttonquail Cun cút lưng hung

PICIFORMES

Picidae

15 Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck Vẹo cổ

Megalaimidae

16 Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Cu rốc cổ đỏ

17 Calorhamphus fuliginosus Brown Barbet

CORACIIFORMES

Coraciidae

109

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Common name

Viet Nam name

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18 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Sả rừng

19 Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird Yểng quạ

Alcedinidae

20 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Bồng chanh

21 Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher Bồng chanh tai xanh

Halcyonidae

22 Halcyon capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Sả mỏ rộng T

23 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher Sả đầu nâu

24 Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher Sả đầu đen

25 Todiramphus chloris KingfisherCollared Sả khoang cổ, Chẽo chẹt

Cerylidae

26 Megaceryle lugubris Crested Kingfisher Bói cá lớn T

27 Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher Bói cá nhỏ

Meropidae

28 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Trảu đầu hung

29 Merops viridis Blue-throated Bee-eater Trảu họng xanh

30 Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater Trảu họng vàng

31 Merops leschenaulti Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Trảu họng vàng

CUCULIFORMES

Cuculidae

32 Cacomantis merulinus Plaintive Cuckoo Tìm vịt

33 Chrysococcyx maculatus Asian Emerald Cuckoo Tìm vịt xanh

34 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Tu hú

35 Phaenicophaeus tristis Green-billed Malkoha Phướn, Coọc

Centropodidae

36 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Bìm bịp lớn

37 Centropus bengalensis Lesser Coucal Bìm bịp nhỏ

APODIFORMES

Apodidae

38 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift Yến cọ

110

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

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39 Apus affinis House Swift Yến cằm trắng

STRIGIFORMES

Tytonidae

40 Tyto capensis Grass Owl Cú lợn lưng nâu IIB II

Caprimulgidae

41 Caprimulgus macrurus Large-tailed Nightjar Cú muỗi đuôi dài, Chim

ục II

COLUMBIFORMES

Columbidae

42 Columba livia Rock Pigeon Gầm ghì đá

43 Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove Cu sen

44 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Cu gáy, Cu đất

45 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared Dove Cu ngói

46 Macropygia unchall Barred Cuckoo Dove Gầm ghì vằn

47 Treron vernans Pink-necked Green Pigeon Cu xanh đầu xám

GRUIFORMES

Otididae

48 Houbaropsis bengalensis Bengal Florican Ô tác, Công đất, Công

sấm EN V IIB I

Gruidae

49 Grus antigone Sarus Crane Sếu cổ trụi, Sếu đầu đỏ VU V II

Rallidae

50 Gallirallus striatus Slaty-breasted Rail Gà nước vằn, Chàng

nghịch

51 Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen Cuốc ngực trắng

52 Porzana pusilla Baillon's Crake Cuốc lùn

53 Porzana fusca Ruddy-breasted Crake Cuốc ngực nâu

54 Porzana cinerea White-browed Crake Cuốc mày trắng, Võ vẽ

55 Gallicrex cinerea Watercock Gà đồng, Cúm núm

56 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Xít, Trích, Trích cồ

111

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

IUCN Red-

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57 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Kịch, Trích ré

58 Fulica atra Common Coot Sâm cầm

CICONIIFORMES

Scolopacidae

59 Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Rẽ giun Á châu

60 Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Rẽ giun

61 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Choắt mỏ thẳng đuôi đen

62 Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Choắt mỏ thẳng đuôi vằn

63 Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Choắt chân đỏ

64 Tringa totanus Common Redshank Choắt nâu

65 Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Choắt đốm đen

66 Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Choắt lớn

67 Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Choắt bụng trắng

68 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Choắt bụng xám

69 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Choắt nhỏ

70 Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Rẽ lưng đen

71 Calidris subminuta Long-toed Stint Rẽ ngón dài

72 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Rẽ bụng nâu

Rostratulidae

73 Rostratula benghalensis Greater Painted-snipe Nhát hoa

Jacanidae

74 Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana Gà lôi nước

75 Metopidius indicus Bronze-winged Jacana Gà lôi nước Ấn Độ

Charadriidae

76 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Cà kheo

77 Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Choi choi vàng

78 Pluvialis dominicus American Golden Plover

79 Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Choi choi nhỏ

80 Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Choi choi khoang cổ

81 Charadrius peronii Malaysian Plover Choi choi lưng đen LR

112

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

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82 Vanellus duvaucelii River Lapwing Te cựa

83 Vanellus cinereus Grey-headed Lapwing Te vàng, Te te hoạch

84 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing Te vặt

Glareolidae

85 Dromas ardeola Crab-plover

86 Glareola maldivarum Oriental Pratincole Dô nách nâu, Óc cau

87 Glareola lactea Small Pratincole Dô nách xám

Laridae

88 Larus argentatus Herring Gull Mòng bể chân vàng

89 Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern Nhàn chân đen

90 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Nhàn Caxpia

91 Sterna hirundo Common Tern Nhàn

92 Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern Nhàn đen

Accipitridae

93 Pandion haliaetus Osprey Ó cá II

94 Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon's Baza Diều hoa Jerdon

95 Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza Diều mào II

96 Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite Diều trắng

97 Milvus migrans Black Kite Diều hâu

98 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Diều lửa II

99 Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh Harrier Diều đầu trắng II

100 Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Diều Hen

101 Circus melanoleucos Pied Harrier Diều mướp II

102 Accipiter badius Shikra Ưng xám II

103 Accipiter gularis Japanese Sparrowhawk Ưng Nhật Bản

104 Buteo buteo Common Buzzard Diều Nhật Bản

105 Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Đại bàng đen VU II

Falconidae

106 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Cắt lưng hung II

107 Falco amurensis Amur Falcon Cắt Amur

113

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

IUCN Red-

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108 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Cắt lớn I

Podicipedidae

109 Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Le hôi

Anhingidae

110 Anhinga melanogaster Darter Cổ rắn, Điêng điểng LR

Phalacrocoracidae

111 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Cốc đen, Còng cọc

112 Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Cốc đế nhỏ

113 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Cốc đế, Bạc má R

Ardeidae

114 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Cò trắng

115 Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret Cò trắng Trung Quốc VU

116 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Diệc xám

117 Ardea sumatrana Great-billed Heron Diệc Xumatra

118 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Diệc lửa

119 Casmerodius albus Great Egret Cò ngàng lớn

120 Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret Cò ngàng nhỏ

121 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Cò ruồi

122 Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron Cò bợ

123 Ardeola speciosa Javan Pond Heron Cò bợ Java

124 Butorides striatus Little Heron Cò xanh

125 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron Vạc

126 Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern Cò lửa lùn

127 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern Cò lửa

128 Dupetor flavicollis Black Bittern Cò hương

129 Botaurus stellaris Great Bittern Vạc rạ

Threskiornithidae

130 Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Quắm đen

131 Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis Cò quăm đầu đen LR

132 Platalea minor Black-faced Spoonbill Cò thìa EN R IB

114

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

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list 2006

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Pelecanidae

133 Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billed Pelican Bồ nông chân xám VU R

Ciconiidae

134 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Cò lạo Ấn Độ, Giang sen LR R

135 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Cò nhạn, Cò ốc R

136 Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Black-necked Stork Cò Á châu E

137 Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant Già đẫy Java, Già sói VU R IB

138 Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant Già đẫy lớn EN E

PASSERIFORMES

Pardalotidae

139 Gerygone sulphurea Golden-bellied Gerygone Chích bụng vàng

Laniidae

140 Lanius tigrinus Tiger Shrike Bách thanh vằn

141 Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike Bách thanh mày trắng

142 Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike Bách thanh đầu đen

Corvidae

143 Crypsirina temia Racket-tailed Treepie Chim khách

144 Oriolus chinensis Black-naped Oriole Vàng anh Trung Quốc

145 Coracina macei Large Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám lớn

146 Coracina polioptera Indochinese Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám nhỏ

147 Coracina melaschistos Black-winged Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám

148 Hemipus picatus Bar-winged Flycatcher-

shrike

Phường chèo đen

149 Rhipidura albicollis White-throated Fantail Rẻ quạt họng trắng

150 Rhipidura javanica Pied Fantail Rẻ quạt Java

151 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo Chèo bẻo

152 Dicrurus annectans Crow-billed Drongo Chèo bẻo mỏ quạ

153 Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo Chèo bẻo rừng

154 Dicrurus hottentottus Spangled Drongo Chèo bẻo bờm

155 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Chim nghệ ngực vàng

115

TT Scientific name

Common name

Viet Nam name

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156 Tephrodornis gularis Large Woodshrike Phường chèo nâu

157 Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Woodshrike Phường chèo nâu mày

trắng

Muscicapidae

158 Monticola solitarius Blue Rock Thrush Hoét đá

159 Brachypteryx montana White-browed Shortwing Hoét đuôi cụt xanh

160 Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher Đớp ruồi nâu

161 Ficedula mugimaki Mugimaki Flycatcher Đớp ruồi Mugi

162 Ficedula parva Red-throated Flycatcher Đớp ruồi họng đỏ

163 Ficedula dumetoria Rufous-chested Flycatcher Đớp ruôi mặt hung

164 Niltava macgrigoriae Small Niltava Đớp ruồi trán đen

165 Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed Canary

Flycatcher

Đớp ruồi đầu xám

166 Luscinia svecica Bluethroat Oanh cổ xanh

167 Luscinia cyane Siberian Blue Robin Oanh lưng xanh

168 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin Chích chòe than

169 Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped Shama Chích chòe lửa IIB

170 Saxicola torquata Common Stonechat Sẻ bụi đầu đen

171 Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Sẻ bụi đen

172 Saxicola ferrea Grey Bushchat Sẻ bụi xám

Sturnidae

173 Sturnus malabaricus Chestnut-tailed Starling Sáo đá đuôi hung

174 Sturnus burmannicus Vinous-breasted Starling Sáo sậu đầu trắng

Hirundinidae

175 Riparia riparia Sand Martin Nhạn nâu xám

176 Riparia paludicola Plain Martin Nhạn nâu đỏ

177 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Nhạn bụng trắng

178 Hirundo tahitica Pacific Swallow Nhạn đuôi đen

179 Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow Nhạn bụng xám

180 Delichon urbica Northern House Martin Nhạn hông trắng Xibêri

116

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Pycnonotidae

181 Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented Bulbul Bông lau mày trắng

182 Pycnonotus blanfordi Streak-eared Bulbul Bông lau tai vằn

183 Pycnonotus brunneus Red-eyed Bulbul

184 Hypsipetes leucocephalus Black Bulbul Cành cạch đen

Cisticolidae

185 Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola Chiền chiện đồng hung

186 Prinia polychroa Brown Prinia Chiền chiện núi

187 Prinia rufescens Rufescent Prinia Chiền chiện đầu nâu

188 Prinia hodgsonii Grey-breasted Prinia Chiền chiện lưng xám

189 Prinia flaviventris Yellow-bellied Prinia Chiền chiện bụng vàng

190 Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Chiền chiện bụng hung

Zosteropidae

191 Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental White-eye Vành khuyên họng vàng

192 Zosterops japonicus Japanese White-eye Vành khuyên Nhật Bản

Sylviidae

193 Bradypterus thoracicus Spotted Bush Warbler Chích họng vạch

194 Locustella lanceolata Lanceolated Warbler Chích đầm lầy nhỏ

195 Locustella certhiola Rusty-rumped Warbler Chích đầm lầy lớn

196 Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Black-browed Reed

Warbler

Chích đầu nhọn mày đen

197 Acrocephalus orientalis Oriental Reed Warbler Chích đầu nhọn Phương

Đông

198 Acrocephalus aedon Thick-billed Warbler Chích mỏ rộng

199 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird Chích đuôi dài

200 Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler Chim Chích nâu

201 Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed Warbler Chích mày lớn

202 Phylloscopus borealis Arctic Warbler Chích Phương Bắc

203 Abroscopus superciliaris Yellow-bellied Warbler Chích đớp ruồi mỏ vàng

204 Megalurus palustris Striated Grassbird Chiền chiện lớn

117

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205 Macronous gularis Striped Tit Babbler Chích chạch má vàng

Alaudidae

206 Mirafra assamica Rufous-winged Bushlark Sơn ca Thái Lan

207 Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Sơn ca

Nectariniidae

208 Dicaeum cruentatum Scarlet-backed

Flowerpecker

Chim sâu lưng đỏ

209 Anthreptes malacensis Brown-throated Sunbird Hút mật họng nâu

210 Nectarinia jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird Hút mật họng tím

Passeridae

211 Passer flaveolus Plain-backed Sparrow Sẻ bụi vàng

212 Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow Sẻ

213 Motacilla alba White Wagtail Chìa vôi trắng

214 Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Chìa vôi đầu vàng

215 Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Chìa vôi vàng

216 Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Chìa vôi núi

217 Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit Chim manh lớn

218 Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pipit

219 Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit Chim manh Vân Nam

220 Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit Chim manh họng đỏ

221 Ploceus manyar Streaked Weaver Rồng rộc đen

222 Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver Rồng rộc

223 Ploceus hypoxanthus Asian Golden Weaver Rồng rộc vàng LR

224 Amandava amandava Red Avadavat Mai hoa

225 Erythrura prasina Pin-tailed Parrotfinch Di xanh

226 Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia Di cam

227 Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Munia Di đá

228 Lonchura malacca Black-headed Munia Di đầu đen

Fringillidae

229 Carpodacus rubescens Blanford's Rosefinch

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230 Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch Sẻ hồng mura

231 Emberiza aureola Yellow-breasted Bunting Sẻ đồng ngực vàng LR

Conservation status:

- IUCN Redlist 2006: LR: globally near-threatened (low risk) species, VU: globally threatened (vulnerable) species, EN: globally threatened (endangered) species

- Viet Nam Red Data Book: R: nationally rare species, T: nationally threatened species, V: nationally vulnerable species, E: endangered.

- Decree 32 of the Viet Namese Government (2006): IIB: species listed on the Appendix IIB

- CITES Convention: Appendix I and II

The Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk ...

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