Sol Punyer!

8/8/2019 Sol Punyer!

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Method Used to Improve the Quality and Quantity of Food

Production in the Country

Name : Ahmad Solihin b. Dzulkifli

Form: 4 Irsyad

Date:

Dateline:

Theme: Investigating The Physiology Of Living Things

Learning Area: Nutrition

Learning Objective: Understanding The Technology Used In Food Production

Learning Outcome: A Student Is Able To Explain Ways To Improve The Quality And Quantity Of Food

Production In The Country.


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Efforts to increase and diversify food production in our country isan ongoing process undertaken by various agencies such as theInstitute of Agricultural Research and Development of Malaysia(MARDI), Fishery Department and Veterinary Department. Exampleof methods which are carried out include direct seeding for rice,hydrophonics and aeroponics, breeding, tissue culture, genetic

engineering, soil management, and biological control.

However, I prefer Fertigation method. Fertigation :

The application of nutrients through irrigation systems is called"fertigation," a contraction of fertilization and irrigation. The mostcommon nutrient applied by fertigation is nitrogen. Elementsapplied less often include phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc and

iron.

This technique can reduce fertilizer application costs by eliminatinghigh operational requirement. It may also improve nutrientefficiency by applying them closer to when the plant needs them.Also, it could conceivably reduce leaching or denitrification(gaseous) losses of nitrogen and lower the luxury uptake of nutrientsby plants.

Furthermore, fertigation is the latest method that is used by thecountry to improve the quality and quantity of food production. Itis more or less more beneficial and help to save energy besidesproducing such quality food.


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A student is able to:

~ Understanding the technology fertigation used in

food production.

~ Evaluating the technological development in food

processing.


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Coloured papers

Plain papers

- Internet- Ink

@ Finding informations from internet

@ Finding informations from reference books

@ Finding informations from text books

@ Went to Agriculture Department, Dungun tosearch for informations


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DATE/DAY EVENTS

2 Sept-10 Discussing with teachers and

friends

6 Sept-10 Went to Department ofAgriculture with 3 of my

friends

9 Sept-10 Searching informations from

reference book and text book

10 Sept-10 Collect and start making folio

23 Sept-10 Task complete


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INTERNET

@http://www.fertigasi.com/Mycrops/Fertigasi%20tech/t

ech.htm

@http://www.fertigationsystems.com/

@http://pertanianmodenprecisionfarming.blogspot.com

/2008/04/4-fertigation-in-malaysia.html

@http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protect

ed/1984%20Vol.%2097/8-10%20(KOO).pdf

REFERENCE BOOK

@ Focus Ace Spm Biology, Pelangi

@ Biology Form 4 Text Book


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Explanation:

Efforts to increase and diversify food production in our country is anongoing process undertaken by various agencies such as theInstitute of Agricultural Research and Development of Malaysia(MARDI), Fishery Department and Veterinary Department. Exampleof methods which are carried out include direct seeding for rice,hydrophonics and aeroponics, breeding, tissue culture, geneticengineering, soil management, and biological control.

However, I prefer Fertigation method. Fertigation :

The application of nutrients through irrigation systems is called"fertigation," a contraction of fertilization and irrigation. The mostcommon nutrient applied by fertigation is nitrogen. Elementsapplied less often include phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc andiron.

This technique can reduce fertilizer application costs by eliminatinghigh operational requirement. It may also improve nutrientefficiency by applying them closer to when the plant needs them.Also, it could conceivably reduce leaching or denitrification


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(gaseous) losses of nitrogen and lower the luxury uptake of nutrientsby plants.

Furthermore, fertigation is the latest method that is used by thecountry to improve the quality and quantity of food production. Itis more or less more beneficial and help to save energy besidesproducing such quality food.

y Diversity food productionAlthough the term agricultural biodiversityis relatively new - it hascome into wide use in recent years as evidenced by bibliographicreferences - the concept itself is quite old. It is the result of the

careful selection and inventive developments of farmers, herdersand fishers over millennia. Agricultural biodiversity is a vital sub-setof biodiversity. It is a use of life, i.e. ancillary biotechnologies, byMankind whose food and livelihood security depend on thesustained management of those diverse biological resources that areimportant for food and agriculture.[1]. As for everything, agriculturalbiodiversity can be used, not used, misused and even abused.Agricultural biodiversity includes:

y Domesticated crop and 'wild' plants (called: crop wildrelatives), including woodland and aquatic plants (used forfood and other natural resources based products), domesticand wild animals (used for food, fibre, milk, hides, furs, power,


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organic fertilizer), fish and other aquatic animals, within field,forest, rangeland and aquatic ecosystems

y Non-harvested species within production agroecosystems thatsupport food provision, including soil micro-biota, pollinatorsand so on

y Non-harvested species in the wider environment that supportfood production agroecosystems (agricultural, pastoral, forestand aquatic ecosystems)

However, agricultural biodiversity, sometimes called

Agrobiodiversity, "encompasses the variety and variability of animals,

plants and micro-organisms which are necessary to sustain key functions of

the agroecosystem, its structure and processes for, and in support of, food

production and food security". It further "comprises genetic, population,

species, community, ecosystem, and landscape components and human

interactions with all these."

Aquatic diversity is also an important component of agriculturalbiodiversity. The conservation and sustainable use of local aquaticecosystems, ponds, rivers, coastal commons by artisanal fisherfolkand smallholder farmers is important to the survival of both humansand the environment. Since aquatic organisms, including fish,provide much of our food supply as well as underpinning theincome of coastal peoples, it is critical that fisherfolk andsmallholder farmers have genetic reserves and sustainableecosystems to draw upon as aquaculture and marine fisheriesmanagement continue to evolve.

Genetic erosion in Agricultural and livestock biodiversity is the lossof genetic diversity, including the loss of individual genes, and theloss of particular combinants of genes (or gene complexes) such asthose manifested in locally adapted landraces. The term genetic


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erosion is sometimes used in a narrow sense, such as for the loss ofalleles or genes, as well as more broadly, referring to the loss ofvarieties or even species. The major driving forces behind geneticerosion in crops are: variety replacement, land clearing,

overexploitation of species, population pressure, environmentaldegradation, overgrazing, policy and changing agricultural systems.

The main factor, however, is the replacement of local varieties byhigh yielding or exotic varieties or species. A large number ofvarieties can also often be dramatically reduced when commercialvarieties are introduced into traditional farming systems. Manyresearchers believe that the main problem related to agro-ecosystemmanagement is the general tendency towards genetic and ecologicaluniformity imposed by the development of modern agriculture.Pressures for that ecological uniformity on farmers and breeders iscaused by the food industry demand for more and more rawmaterials consistency.


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y Improve the quality and quantity of food production

Organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizers include naturally occurring organic materials,

(e.g. manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed, guano), or naturally

occurring mineral deposits (e.g. saltpeter).

Benefits of organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizers have been known improve the biodiversity (soillife) and long-term productivity of soil, and may prove a largedepository for excess carbon dioxide.

Organic nutrients increase the abundance of soil organisms byproviding organic matter and micronutrients for organisms such asfungal mycorrhiza, (which aid plants in absorbing nutrients), andcan drastically reduce external inputs of pesticides, energy andfertilizer, at the cost of decreased yield.

Comparison with inorganic fertilizerOrganic fertilizer nutrient content, solubility, and nutrient releaserates are typically all lower than inorganic fertilizers. One study

found that over a 140-day period, after 7 leachings:


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y Organic fertilizers had released between 25% and 60% of theirnitrogen content

y Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) had a relatively constantrate of release

y Soluble fertilizer released most of its nitrogen content at thefirst leaching

In general, the nutrients in organic fertilizer are both more diluteand also much less readily available to plants. According to UC IPM,all organic fertilizers are classified as 'slow-release' fertilizers, andtherefore cannot cause nitrogen burn.

Organic fertilizers from composts and other sources can be quite

variable from one batch to the next. Without batch testing, amountsof applied nutrient cannot be precisely known. Nevertheless theyare at least as effective as chemical fertilizers over longer periods ofuse.

Chicken litter, which consists of chicken manure and sawdust, is oneexample of an organic fertilizer that has been shown to bettercondition soil for harvest than synthesized fertilizer. Researchers at

the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) studied the effects of usingchicken litter, an organic fertilizer, versus synthetic fertilizers oncotton fields. They found that fields that were fertilized withchicken litter had cotton yields 12% higher than those fieldsfertilized with synthetic fertilizers. While the yields for chickenlitter were higher, researchers predict that commercially soldchicken litter would cost about $17 more per ton than syntheticfertilizer. Other ARS studies have found that algae used to capturenitrogen and phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields can notonly prevent water contamination of these nutrients, but also can beused as an organic fertilizer. Originally, scientists developed thealgal turf scrubber to reduce nutrient runoff and increase the qualityof the water flowing into streams, rivers, and lakes. However, theyfound that this nutrient-rich algae, once dried, can be applied to


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cucumber and corn seedlings and result in growth comparable tothat seen using synthetic fertilizers.


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