Pneumonia
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PNEUMONIA
OlehDr Pantas Hasibuan Sp.P(k).
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• Definisi : Adalah suatu peradangan dari jaringan (parenchym) paru yang bersifat akut.
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Klassifikasi :I . Pembagian secara anatomi :
Pneumonai lobaris. Pneumonia segmental. Pneumonia lobularis.
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II. Pembagian secara etiologi :• Infeksi :
>Bakteri >Virus. >Jamur.
• Alergy dan Kollagen.• Inhalasi zat beracun dan Aspirasi.
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III. Pembagian secara Klinis :
Community Aquaired Pneumonia.Nosokomial Pneumonia.Aspirasi Pneumonia.Immunocompromised Pneumonia.
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Patogenese :
Terjadi akibat interaksi antara
• Host (penjamu)• Enviroment (lingkungan).
• Agent (kuman).
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Mekanisme pertahanan tubuh :1. Non spesifik adalah mekanisme
pertahanan tubuh yang berada pada sistem saluran nafas pada lapis pertama.
>Sistem pertahanan di rongga hidung.
>Sistem pertahanan di lapisan epitel. >Refleks batuk. > Sel sekretori.
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2. Spesifik adalah sistem pertahanan tubuh sebagai lapis kedua:
> Sel phagosit. >Sel limposit T dan B. >Sel komplemen.
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Berdasarkan anatomi :1. Pneumonia lobaris : kuman --- sal.nafas atas---
menimbulkan peradangan dari satu alveolus ---alveolus lainnya.
Pertahanan tubuh –leukosit (PMN) didinding alveoli.
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2 .PneumoniaSegmental : Kuman ---sal.nafas atas---sal nafas
bawah---tidak potent----hanya pada 1 segment.
3. Pneumonia lobulus Kuman ----sal nafas atas----bawah----
lobulus.
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Patologi :
>Kongesti.>Hepatisasi merah.>Hepatisasi kelabu.>Tingkat resolusi.
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Gejala Klinis :1. Demam tinggi.2. Nyeri dada.3. Pernafasan cuping hidung.
>Batuk dengan dahak.>Nafsu makan menurun.
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Phisik Diagnostik :
Inspeksi :ketinggalan bernafas.Palpasi : stem fremitus suara meninggi.
Perkusi : sonor memendek.Auskultasi : suara pernafasan bronkhial.
suara tambahan ronkhi basah
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Gambaran radiologi :
Lesi berupa bercak infiltrat pada lapangan tengah – bawah paru kanan atau kiri atau keduanya.
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Laboratorium :
>leukositosis.>laju endapan darah meningkat.
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Faktor predisposisi :
Udara dingin. Post operatif. Alkoholism.
Common cold. Bronkhitis kronika.
Perokok berat. Orang usia lanjut.
Ca paru.
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Pengobatan :
1.Perbaiki keadaan umum.2.Pemberian antibiotika.
3.Simptomatis.
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TERIMA KASIH SAMPAI KETEMU
KEMBALI