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    MAKALAH PERPINDAHAN KALOR

    RADIASI TERMAL DAN UNIT PROSES EVAPORASI

    KELOMPOK 1

    ANNISA LARASATI 1306405761

    FITRI AMALIA 1306370581

    FITRIA NUR HAYATI 1306370663

    JEREMIA JAN C 1306414223

    R. MUHAMMAD FATHI 1306449290

    SEVA JUNEVA R 1206241552

    DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA

    FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

    DEPOK, MEI 2014

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    KATA PENGANTAR

    Pu ! "#u$u% &'(u)!" &*( *+$*( $'&*,* Tu-*( Y*( M*-* E"* $*%'(* $*/!

    !"* /'(#')'"*!$*( /*$*)*- !(! ,'( *( *!$ ,*( +'&*+ &*,* *$+u(#*. A+*"

    %*-/*+ N#* &'(u)!" ,*&*+ /'(#*/&*!$*( * *"*((#* ,*( " )u"! +'%-*,*&

    &'%/*"*)*-*( ,*( &'%-!+u( *( $'&*,* &'/ * *.

    U *&*( +'%!/* $*"!- u * +!,*$ )u&* &'(u)!" &*( *+$*( $'&*,* %*( +u*

    "*-* *+ +'/*( +'/*( ,*( &!-*$ &!-*$ )*!( #*( +')*- /'/ *(+u ,*)*/

    &'(#')*"*!*( /*$*)*- !(!. T*(&* *(+u*( /'%'$* +u)!"*( !(! +!,*$ *$*( /'( *,!

    "'&'%+! #*( "'$*%*( !(!.

    M*$*)*- !(! &'(u)!" u*+ u(+u$ &'/ * * * *% &'/ * * ,*&*+ /'('%!/*

    !( %/*"! #*( !( !( &'(u)!" "*/&*!$*(. P'(u)!" !( !( &'/ * * ,*&*+ /'(*( $*&

    ,*( &*-*/ '(*% /'( '(*! &'%/*"*)*-*( &'%&!(,*-*( $*) % ,! $'-!,u&*( $!+*

    #*( /'(#*( $u+ &'%&!(,*-*( "' *%* %*,!*"! ,*( u * +'(+*( ' *& %*"!.

    *)*u&u( +u)!"*( !(! *u- ,*%! $'"'/&u%(**( (*/u( &'(u)!" !( !(

    &'/ * * +'+*& "'+!* ,*)*/ /'/*-*/! ,*( /'('%!/* /*$"u, ,*%! &'(u)!". S'&'%+!

    $*+* &'&*+*- :T!,*$ *,* *,!( #*( +*$ %'+*$ ; "'&'%+! !+u &u)* /*$*)*- !(!.

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    DAFTAR ISI

    =A= I 1

    1.1 R*,!*"! T'%/*) 1

    1.2 M'$*(!"/' F!"!" R*,!*"! T'%/*) 1

    1.3 S! *+ "! *+ R*,!*"! T'%/*) 2

    1.4 Hu u( *( A(+*% '(+u$ ,*)*/ R*,!*"! 3

    1.5 R*,!*"! &*,* =!,*( S' * *% T*$ ='%-!( * 4

    1.6 I(+'("!+*" R*,!*"! 5

    1.7 R*,!*"! >*" 5

    1.8 R*,!*"! >*" ,'( *( P'%/u$**( 6

    1.9 P'%+u$*%*( ?*) % A(+*%* V )u/' >*" ,'( *( P'( u%u( ?')* u 71.10 E *& %*"! 8

    1.11 ?'(*!$*( T!+!$ D!,!- 8

    1.12 ? ' !"!'( M'(#')u%u- &*,* E *& %*+ % 9

    1.13 N'%* * E(+*)&! E *& %*+ % E '$ Tu( *) 10

    =A= II 11

    2.1 P'%&!(,*-*( ?*) % R*,!*"! 11

    2.2.1 N / % 1 11

    2.2.2 N / % 2 13

    2.2.3 N / % 3 13

    2.2 E *& %*"! 18

    2.2.4 N / % 4 18

    2.2.5 N / % 5 20

    =A= III 24

    3.1 ?'"!/&u)*( 24

    DAFTAR PUSTA?A 25

    !!!

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    DAFTAR GAMBAR

    >*/ *% 1. P'%!"+! * R*,!*"! T'%/*)@@@@@@@@..@@@@@@..@@..1

    >*/ *% 2. =' '%*&* Hu u( *( *(+*%* F*$+ % ='(+u$............................................4

    >*/ *% 3. J*%!( *( R*,!*"! =!,*( S' * *% T*$ ='%-!( *....................................4

    >*/ *% 4. I)u"+%*"! R*,!*"! >*" @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.5

    >*/ *% 5. D!* %*/ Du-%!( ....................................................................................9

    >*/ *% 6. N'%* * M*""* ,*( E(+*)&! E *& %*+ %. ................................................10

    >*/ *% 7. I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 1.* . ....................................................................12

    >*/ *% 8. I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 1. . ....................................................................12

    >*/ *% 9. I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 1. . ....................................................................13

    >*/ *% 10.I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 2 . ......................................................................14

    >*/ *% 11.E/!"! !+*" *" ?*% (,! $"!,*@@@@@@@@@@..@@@@.16>*/ *% 12. I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 3 . .....................................................................18

    >*/ *% 13.I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 4 . ......................................................................25

    >*/ *% 14. I)u"+%*"! S *) N / % 5 . .....................................................................27

    DAFTAR TABEL

    N!)*! U/u/ ? ' !"!'( M'(#')u%u- E *& %*+ %....................................................10

    !

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    BAB I

    TEORI DASAR

    1.1 Radiasi Te !a"

    R*,!*"! *,*)*- &*( *%*( '('% ! /')*)u! "u*+u /*+'%! *+*u %u*( ,*)*/

    '(+u$ &*(*" &*%+!$') *+*u ') / *( ')'$+% /* ('+!$ + ( ,*%! "u/ '% %*,!*"!.

    R*,!*"! +'%/*) *,*)*- %*,!*"! ')'$+% /* ('+!$ #*( ,!&*( *%$*( )'- &'%/u$**(

    "' u*- '(,* '%,*"*%$*( +'/&'%*+u%(#*.

    1.2 Me#a$is!e Fisis Radiasi Te !a"

    R*,!*"! "')*)u /'%*/ *+ ,'( *( $' '&*+*( *-*#* 3 B 10 10 / ".

    ?' '&*+*( *-*#* !(! "*/* ,'( *( -*"!) &'%$*)!*( &*( *( ') / *( ,'( *(

    %'$u'("! %*,!*"! .

    @ 1

    P'%*/ *+*( %*,!*"! '%)*( "u( ,*)*/ '(+u$ $u*(+u/ $u*(+u/ #*(

    ,!"$%!+ "'+!*& $u*(+u/ /'/!)!$! '('% ! "' '"*%

    @ 2

    ,'( *( (!)*! h 6.625 G 10 34 J." ? ("+*(+* P)*( $ . ?u*(+u/ ,*&*+ ,!*( *&

    "' * *! &*%+!$') #*( /'( *(,u( '('% ! ,! /*(* &*%+!$') !+u *$*( /'( *)!% ,*%!

    "u*+u +'/&*+ $' +'/&*+ )*!(. R*,!*"! ,*&*+ ,! */ *%$*( "' * *! : *" + (;

    : photon gas ; #*( ,*&*+ /'( *)!% ,*( "*+u +'/&*+ $' +'/&*+ #*( )*!(. D'( *(

    /'( u(*$*( -u u( *( %')*+! !+*" *(+*%* /*""* ,*( '('% ! /*$* ,*&*+

    ,!+u%u($*( &'%"*/**( u(+u$ /*""* ,*( '('% ! :&*%+!$'); !+u #*!+u

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    '('% ! $!+* !(+' %*"!$*( "'&*( *( "')u%u- &*( *( ') / *( u(+u$ '(,* -!+*/

    1

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    /*$* '('% ! + +*) #*( ,!&*( *%$*( "' *(,!( ,'( *( &*( $*+ '/&*+ "u-u

    * " )u+

    4T E b σ = @ 5

    ,'( *( *,*)*- $ ("+*(+* S+' *( = )+ /*(( #*( (!)*!(#* 5 669B10 8 / 2.? 4

    1.% Si&a'(si&a' Radiasi Te !a"

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    ,!+'%u"$*( +%*("/!"! . F%*$"! #*( ,!&*(+u)$*( $!+* (*/*$*( %' )'$+! !+*"

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    ,! /*(* $'+! *(#* /'/&'( *%u-! "! *+ "! *+ %*,!*"! "' * *! '%!$u+

    1. A)s* +si . R*,!*"! #*( *+u- *$*( ,!"'%*& )'- *-*( +'% *(+u( ,*%!

    '(,* !+u "'(,!%! -!+*/ $')* u *+*u &u+!- .

    2. Re&"e#si. R*,!*"! #*( *+u- &*,* *-*( *$*( ,!&*(+u)$*( ,u* '( /'(*

    %' )'$"! #*( ,*&*+ ,!*/*+! *,*)*- %' )'$"! "&'$u)*% ,*( %' )'$"! *u%. P*,*

    %' )'$"! "&'$u)*% "u,u+ *+u- "*/* ,'( *( "u,u+ &*(+u) %*,!*"!. D*( &*,*

    %' )'$"! *u% %*,!*"! #*( *+u- +'%"' *% /'%*+* $' "' *)* *%*-.

    %. T a$s!isi. R*,!*"! #*( *+u- *$*( ,!+'%u"$*( )'- *-*( *%*( "u*+u

    '(,* /*/&u /'('%u"$*( %*,!*"! !*"*(#* ,!"'%*& .

    Ga!)a 1. Pe is'i a Radiasi Te !a"

    (Sumber: Holman, 2010, halaman 267)

    S',*( $*( '"*% %*,!*"! !"* ,!(#*+*$*( ,*)*/

    2

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    1. Da-a e!isi, E , #*$(! '('% ! #*( ,!&*( *%$*( "u*+u '(,* &'% "*+u*( )u*"

    *$+u. J!$* +'%,*&*+ "u*+u '(,* -!+*/ "'/&u%(* ,*)*/ $'*,**( *$u/

    /*$* )*/* $')*/**( "u-u '(,* +'%"' u+ *$*( +u%u( ,*( "*/* ,'( *(

    "u-u )!( $u( *( *$! *+ ,*%! &'%/u$**( #*( /'/*( *%$*( '/!"! %*,!*"!

    +'%/*) "*/&*! &*,* "u*+u "**+ $'*,**( "'+!/ *( . P*,* "**+ !(! '%)*$u

    -u u( *(

    ,! /*(* A *,*)*- )u*" &'%/u$**( q *,*)*- )u$" %*,!*"! ,*)*/ / 2

    2. E!isi i'as, , #*$(! &'% *(,!( *( '/!"! "u*+u '(,* ,'( *( ,*#* '/!"!

    '(,* -!+*/ &*,* "u-u "*/*. S' *%* /*+'/*+!" &'%(#*+**( !(! ,!+u)!"$*("' * *!

    ,'( *( E ,*( E b *,*)*- ,*#* '/!"! '(,* ,*( '(,* -!+*/.

    1.4 H/)/$ a$ A$'a )e$'/# da"a! Radiasi

    R*,!*"! + +*) *(+*%&'%/u$**( "*( *+ ,!&'( *%u-! )'- '(+u$ ,*( *%*-

    !(+'%*$"! &'%/u$**( &'%/u$**( #*( "*)!( '%$*!+*(. =' '%*&* (+ - ,! * *-

    /'( ')*"$*( &'% ',**( %*,!*"! + +*) #*( +'% *,! ,! *(+*%* &'%/u$**( #*(

    '% ',* '(+u$ *+*u *%*- !(+'%*$"!(#*.

    ?*"u" *

    F*$+ % '(+u$(#* ,!(#*+*$*( "' * *! '%!$u+

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    ?*"u"

    U(+u$ &'%/u$**( #*( "*)!( +' *$ )u%u" ,'( *( "!"! '%"*/* *$+ % '(+u$(#*

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    ?*"u"

    U(+u$ &'%/u$**( #*( "*)!( +' *$ )u%u" ,'( *( "!"! +!,*$ '%"*/* *$+ %

    '(+u$(#*

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    ?*"u" ,

    U(+u$ &'%/u$**( #*( "*)!( &*%*)') '%-*,*&*( *$+ % '(+u$(#*

    D!/*(*

    Su$u "u$u ? ,!,' !(!"!$*( "' * *!

    ,*(

    (Sumber: Holman, 2010, halaman 267

    1. Radiasi +ada Bida$ Se a a Ta# Be 3i$ a

    =!)* ,u* !,*( "' * *% +*$ -!( * ,'( *( A 1 ,*( A 2 "*/* ,*( *$+ % '(+u$

    %*,!*"! *,*)*- "*+u $*%'(* "'/u* %*,!*"! #*( /'(!( *)$*( !,*( "*+u *$*(

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    *

    ,

    Ga!)a 2. Be)e a+a H/)/$ a$ a$'a a Fa#'* Be$'/#

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    /'( *&*! !,*( #*( )*!((#*. J*%!( *( %*,!*"!(#* ,*&*+ ,! */ *%$*( "' * *!

    '%!$u+

    Ga!)a %. a i$ a$ Radiasi Bida$ Se a a Ta# Be 3i$ a

    Sumber: Holman, !"#" 1$$7

    D'( *( /'/ u*+ A 1 A 2 A ,*( F 1 2 1 &'%"*/**( &'%&!(,*-*( &*(*"(#* &'%

    "*+u*( )u*" *,*)*-

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    &'%&!(,*-*( &*(*"(#* *,*)*-

    P'% *(,!( *( A 1 A2 ,*&*+ ,! *(+! ,'( *( &'% *(,!( *( ,!*/'+'% , 1 ,2 !)* $!+*/'/&'%" *)$*( '(,* '(,* '% '(+u$ "!)!(,'%.

    1.5 I$'e$si'as Radiasi

    R*,!*"! '(,* *,*)*- %*,!*"! ')'$+% /* ('+!$ #*( ,!&*( *%$*( )'- "u*+u

    '(,*. R*,!*"! !(! /'( *( $*u "')u%u- ,*'%*- &*( *( ') / *( . D!"+%! u"!

    '('% ! &*,* ,*'%*- &*( *( ') / *( !(! /'/!)!$! !%! $-u"u" #*!+u "u*+u (!)*!

    /*$"!/u/ &*,* &*( *( ') / *( +'%+'(+u. L'+*$ (!)*! /*$"!/u/ +'% *(+u(

    &*,* +'/&'%*+u% #*( *$*( '% '"'% $' *%*- &*( *( ') / *( &'(,'$ "'!%!(,'( *( /'(!( $*+(#* +'/&'%*+u%. P*,* +*-u( 1879 "' %*( *-)! !"!$* ,*%!

    Au"+%!* J "' S+' *( /')*$u$*( '$"&'%!/'( u(+u$ /'( '+*-u! $*%*$+'% u(! '%"*)

    ,*%! %*,!*"! '(,* &*(*". I* /'('/u$*( *- * ,*#* + +*) &'% "*+u*( )u*" #*(

    ,!&*( *%$*( &*,* "'/u* %'$u'("! )'- "u*+u '(,* &*(*" *,*)*- "' *(,!(

    ,'( *( &*( $*+ '/&*+ ,*%! "u-u /u+)*$(#*. Hu u( *( +'%"' u+ ,*&*+

    ,!%u/u"$*(

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    >*/ *% 4 . I"/s' asi adiasias. S/!)e 6 H*"!a$, 2010

    1.7 Radiasi Gas

    R*,!*"! *" /'%u&*$*( %*,!*"! #*( +'% *,!

    *(+*%* *" ,'( *( "u*+u &'%/u$**( &'%&!(,*-*($*) %. P*,* ' '%*&* *" "'&'%+! N2 02 ,*( *"

    *" )*!( ,'( *( "+%u$+u% / )'$u) "!/'+%! ( (& )*%

    !*"*(#* +%*("&*%'( +'%-*,*& %*,!*"! &*,* "u-u

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    '%*%+!. S'"u*! ,'( *( */ *% 4 "' u*- '%$*"

    %*,!*"! / ( $% /*+!$ ,'( *( !(+'("!+*" I

    λ /'(!/&* )*&!"*( *" #*( +' *)(#* %&,! /*(* *" +'%,*&*+ ,! *(+*%* 2 &)*+ "' * *%. M*$* &'%"*/**((#*

    28

    D!/*(* $ ("+*(+* &% & %"! (*)!+*" +'+*&*( $'"' *(,!( *( a ,!"' u+ $ ' !"!'(

    * " %&"! / ( $% /*+!$ mono'hromat ' absorpt on 'oe ' ent . P'%"*/**( !(!

    ,!!(+' %*"!$*( ,*( ,!,*&*+$*(

    S'"u*! ,'( *( ,' !(!"! +%*("/!"! !+*" / ( $% /*+!$ mono'hromat '

    transm ss t* ,!(#*+*$*("' * *! &ae λ

    λ τ −=

    J!$* *" !+u '%"! *+ ( ( %' )'$"! /*$*1=+ λ λ α τ

    D*( ,!&'% )'- &ae λ

    λ α −−= 1

    1.8 Radiasi Gas de$ a$ Pe !/#aa$

    P'%+u$*%*( ?*) % R*,!*"! A(+*%* V )u/' >*" ,'( *( P'( u%u( H!+*/

    J!$* "u*+u *" ,'( *( "u-u * *) T #*( '%*,* ,! ,*)*/ "u*+u &'%/u$**( -!+*/

    +'%$u%u( #*( /'/!)!$! "u-u T /*$* * " %&"! '('% ! #*( ,!&*( *%$*(

    6

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    ,!(,!( !+u &*,* "u-u T *$*( '% ',* ,*%! '('% ! #*( ,!&*( *%$*( *" &*,* T .

    P'%&!(,*-*( $*) % ('++ *,*)*- ,*%! *" $' &'%/u$**( &'( u%u( /*$*

    21

    D!/*(* *,*)*- '/!(+*"! *" &*,*T /'%u&*$*( * " %&+*("! *"

    u(+u$ %*,!*"! ,*%! &'( u%u( -!+*/ &*,* T ,*( /'%u&*$*( u( "! ,*%! T

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    u(+u$ *,*)*-

    22

    D!/*(*

    &*,*

    U(+u$ $*"u" ,!/*(* *" ,!$u%u( )'- ,u* !,*( -!+*/ "' * *% &*,* "u-u #*(

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    11111 A E A+q b−= u(+u$ &)*+ 1

    1212222 A E A+q b−= u(+u$ &)*+ 2.

    D!/*(* > *,*)*- !%*,!*"! #*( -*%u" ,!' *)u*"! ,'( *( '('% ! + +*) #*(

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    &'%/u$**( 1 !%*,!*"! ,*%! *" !%*,!*"! ,*%! &'%/u$**( 2 #*( ,!+%*("/!"! ,*%!

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    T%*("/! !+*" u(+u$ %*,!*"! ,*%! T2 ,!,*&*+$*( ,*%!

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    D'( *( *%* #*( "*/* &'%"*/**( u(+u$ !%*,!*"! &*,* &'%/u$**( 2 *,*)*-

    1.9 Pe '/#a a$ Ka"* A$'a a V*"/!e Gas de$ a$ Pe$ / /$ Ke"a)/

    P*,* &'( u%u( $')* u *(*)!"!" #*( "'"u( u-(#* "*( *+)*- &')!$ $*%'(*

    &'%-!+u( *( ,!)*$u$*( ,'( *( /'/&'%-!+u( $*( '( /'(* %' )'$"! #*( -*%u"

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    &'%-!+u( *( +'$(!$ "' *%* "','%-*(* H ++') /'(u( u$$*( *- * &'%&!(,*-*(

    $*) % $' ('++ &'( u%u( $')* u #*( /'/&u(#*! '/!"! !+*" ,!$*)!$*(

    ,'( *( "u*+u *$+ % "' * *! '%!$u+

    u(+u$

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    1.10 E a+* asi

    E *& %*"! *,*)*- "u*+u &% "'" #*( '%+u u*( u(+u$ /'( $ ("'(+%*"!$*(

    *+*u /'/'$*+$*( "u*+u )*%u+*( #*( +'%,!%! ,*%! *+ +'%)*%u+ #*(non olat le ,*(

    &')*%u+ #*( olat le. E *& %*"! ,!)*$"*(*$*( ,'( *( /'( u*&$*( "' * !*( ,*%!

    &')*%u+ "'-!( * ,!,*&*+$*( )*%u+*( *+ *!% &'$*+ #*( $ ("'(+%*"!(#* )' !-

    +!( !.

    1.11 Ke$ai#a$ Ti'i# Didi3

    J!$* *!% *$*( ,!,!,!-$*( &*,* ' *& %*+ % ,! * *- +'$*(*( +'%+'(+u /*$*

    +'/&'%*+u% *!% ,*&*+ ,!+'(+u$*( ,*%! "+'*/ +* )' ,*( &'% ',**( +'/&'%*+u% OT

    ,*&*+ ,!-!+u( . T'+*&! &*,* +'$*(*( #*( "*/* "u*+u )*%u+*( /'/&u(#*! +!+!$

    ,!,!- )' !- '"*% $*%'(* *,*(#* *+ +'%)*%u+. P'% ',**( *(+*%* +!+!$ ,!,!- )*%u+*(

    ,*( +!+!$ ,!,!- *!% *,*)*- =PR. =PR *,*)*- $'(*!$*( +!+!$ ,!,!- "u*+u )*%u+*(

    +'%-*,*& +!+!$ ,!,!- &')*%u+ !*"*(#* *!% /u%(!. ?'(*!$*( !(! +'% *,! *$! *+

    *,*(#* *+ #*( +'%)*%u+ ,*)*/ )*%u+*( +'%"' u+. T'$*(*( u*& $' *(#*$*( )*%u+*(

    ,*)*/ *!% )' !- $' !) ,*%! +'$*(*( u*& *!%&*,* "u-u #*( "*/*. A$! *+(#* u(+u$

    "u*+u +'$*(*( +'%+'(+u +!+!$ !,!- )*%u+(* )' !- +!( ! ,*%! +!+!$ ,!,!- *!% /u%(!. N!)*!

    =PR !(! $' !) u(+u$ )*%u+*( '( '% ,*( )*%u+*( $ ) !,* % *(!$ +'+*&! !"* "*/&*!

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  • 8/18/2019 PK PEMICU 3

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    DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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