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GRAECO- ROMAN BRA-NGHmcLoa. ‘

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THE

T E BT U N I S PA PYR I

EDITED BY

BERNARD P. GREN FELL, D.LITT .,M .A .

HON . “TE D. DUBLIN ; HON . PIL O . ROI N IGSB I RG ; "Ll-OW O!‘

QUEEN'

S COLLEGE, OX FOR D

ARTHUR S . HUNT, M .A .

HON . PHJ). KOI N IGSB I R G ; “ LLOW OP LI NCOLN COLLE GE, OX FOR D

A ND

J. G ILBART SMYLY,M .A .

"now or 1111a COLLEGE,ovum

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GRAECO- ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY, VOLUM E I

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T E BTU N I S PA PYR I

PA R T I

EDITED BY

BERNARD P. GREN FELL, D.LITT ., M .A .

HON . “T E D. DUBLI N ; HON . PHJ). KOEN IGSBBRG ; FE LLOW Ol'

QUEEN ’

S COLLEGE, OX FORD

ARTHUR S . HUNT, D.LITT M .A .

HON . PH.D. l OEN lGSBER G ; FELLOW OF LINCOLN COLLEGE , OX FOR D

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PR E F A C E

THE papyri whichformthe subj ect of the present volume werefound by us in the winter of 1899

- 1900 at 0mmel Baragat (theancient Tebtunis) in the southof the Fayfim, when we were ex cavating for the University of Californiawithfunds generously providedby M rs. Phoebe A . Hearst. Briefaccounts of the ex cavationshaveappeared in the A t/zemum, 1900 , pp. 600— 1

,and the A rc/zi t) fur

Papy rusy’or sc/mng , I . pp. 376

—8. The large collectionof papyri whichwe thenobtained falls into three parts (1) those fromthe cartonnageofmummies , whichbelong to the third or second centuries B. c. ; (2)those fromthemummies of crocodiles, whichwithafew ex ceptions

belong to the end of the second or to the early part of the first

century B. C (3) those found in the ru ins of the town, whichnearlyall belong to the first three centuries of the Christianera. The presentvolume deals only withthe second division(withthe additionofafewlate Ptolemaic documents fromthe third),and includes practically thewhole of it ; for thoughthereare still some small crocodile-mummiescontaining papyri whichhave not yet beenopened, it is unlikely thatthey will produceany well- preserved documents of importance.

The Payfimwas the nome of the crocodile-

god Sobk, who under

various forms and names was worshipped in every village that could

boastatemple of its own. In the Ptolemaic period,evenafter the

ex tensive reclamations fromLake M oeris, crocodilesmusthave still

frequented the district ingreat numbers,andapond or small lake fullof the sacred animals was no doubt acommon feature of the localshrines. Aninterestingaccount of the sacred crocodiles of the great

42088 7

PR EFA CE Vi i

material were wrapped once or several times round themummy insidethe cloth, towhichthe outer layer was oftenglued andaroll or two

would frequently be inserted in the throat or other cavities. I t is

natural that papyrus under these conditions,having beenplaced inside

themummy, was evenmore liable to decay than that used in thecartonnage of ordinary Ptolemaic burials, whichis outside thick clothwrappings and is generally protected fromcontact withthe soil by

asarcophagus andmuchof what was found was too damaged tohaveany value, while ex cept in the case ofafew of the bestmummifiedcrocodiles, eventhe papyrus thathas survived isas arule ex tremelyfragile. N evertheless,aftermakingall deductions, the balance of wellpreserved papyri is very considerable ;and byahappy chance onlyasmall proportionwas written indemotic , thoughlarge demotic rolls

were occasionally buried beside the crocodiles , these being, withtheex ceptionofafew pots, the only otherantiqu ities found intheir tombs.

Themost remarkable characteristic of the Greek papyri fromcrocodile -mummies is their great siz e. For enfolding crocodiles threeor fourmetres in lengthsmall documents were useless, thoughtheywere employed as padding, inwhichcase theyhad oftennot been

unrolled or werehastily crushed together. For the outer layers thepapyri used consisted of large unfolded rolls,and documents of 100 or200 linesare quite common

,while some aremuchlarger still. It is

unfortunate that none of these longer tex ts is ofaliterary character ;but the paucity of classical fragments , whichare only four innumber,is compensated for by the wealthofnew informationwhichis providedregarding the internalhistory of E gypt under the later Ptolemies.

The earliest papyri date fromthe reignof E piphanes (nos. 8andbut bothof these were found together withmuchlater documents,andthe practice of employing papyrus inmummifying crocodiles does not

seemtohave sprung up,as faras the T ebtunis cemetery is concerned,

untilnearly the end of the second century B .C. ; for documents of Philometor’

s or evenof the earlier part of E uergetes I I’s reignare very

scarce. The bulk of the collection falls withinthe period from1 20 to

90 B. c .,but the reignof N eos Dionysus is fairly well represented, the

Vi PR E FA CE

temple of Sobkat Crocodilopolis, the capital of the nome, is givenbyStrabo

,who came to the Fayumsoonafter the Roman conquest,and

of whose visitacuriousantic ipationis to be found inapapyrus of thepresent series (no. 33)dealing withthe preparations for the reception

of amuchearlier Roman tourist. The later Ptolemaic and earlyRoman period was that inwhichthe practice ofmummifying andburying sacred animals was at itsheight, and the cemetery of thesacred crocodiles of Crocodilopolis itself was found at Hawarain1888 by Prof. Flinders Petrie. These,however, yielded noantiqu itiesof importance, and the crocodile-mummyas asource ofmanuscriptswas not known until we acc identally discovered this newmethod ofobtaining themat Ummcl Baragat. The tombs of the large Ptolemaicnecropolisadjoining the townproved inmany instances to containonlycrocodiles ,and onJan. 16

,1900

—aday whichwas otherwisememorable for produc ing twenty - three early Ptolemaicmummies withpapyruscartonnage— one of our workmen, disgustedat findingarow of croco

diles wherehe ex pected sarcophagi , broke one of theminpieces anddisclosed the surprising fact that the creature was wrapped insheets ofpapyrus. A smay be imagined, after this find we dug out all thecrocodile- tombs in the cemetery ; and inthe nex t few weeks severalthousands of theseanimals were unearthed

,of whichasmall proportion

(about 2 per cent.)contained papyri. The pits wereall qu ite shallow,

rarely ex ceedingametre indepth,and the crocodiles were sometimesburied singly, but ofteningroups of five or tenor evenmore,and withtheirheads pointing generally to the north. To the votaries of Sobkthemummificationofhis sacredanimalmusthave beenalabour oflove, for besides quantities of the full-grownspecimens, tiny crocodilemummies were found, inaddition to numerous shamones , whichhadthe shape ofacrocodile, but contained onlyabone or some eggs

,or

sometimesmerelyafigure ofacrocodile instone or wood. The ordinarysystememployed was to stuff themummy withreedsand sticks

,which

were covered withlayers of cloth,generallyarranged in the check

patternwithdiminishing squares, whichis characteristic of G raecoRomanmummification. When papyrus was used

,sheets of this

PR EFA CE Vii

material were wrapped once or several times round themummy insidethe cloth, towhichthe outer layer was oftenglued ;andaroll or two

would frequently be inserted in the throat or other cavities. I t is

natural that papyrus under these conditions,having beenplaced inside

themummy, was evenmore liable to decay than that used in thecartonnage of ordinary Ptolemaic burials, whichis outside thick clothwrappings and is generally protected fromcontact withthe soil byasarcophagus andmuchof what was found was too damaged tohaveany value, while ex cept in the case ofafew of the bestmummifiedcrocodiles, eventhe papyrus thathas survived isas arule ex tremelyfragile. N evertheless,aftermakingall deductions, the balance of wellpreserved papyri is very considerable ;and byahappy chance onlyasmall proportionwas written indemotic , thoughlarge demotic rolls

were occasionally buried beside the crocodiles , these being, withtheex ceptionofafew pots, the only otherantiqu ities found intheir tombs.

Themost remarkable characteristic of the Greek papyri fromcrocodile-mummies is their great size. For enfolding crocodiles threeor fourmetres in lengthsmall documents were useless, thoughtheywere employed as padding, inwhichcase theyhad oftennot been

unrolled or werehastily crushed together. For the outer layers thepapyri used consisted of large unfolded rolls

,and documents of 100 or

200 linesare qu ite common,while somearemuchlarger still. It is

unfortunate that none of these longer tex ts is ofaliterary character ;but the paucity of classical fragments, whichare only four innumber,is compensated for by the wealthof new informationwhichis providedregarding the internalhistory of E gypt under the later Ptolemies.

The earliest papyr i date fromthe reignof E piphanes (nos. 8andbut bothof these were found together withmuchlater documents,andthe practice of employing papyrus inmummifying crocodiles does not

seemtohave sprung up,as faras the Tebtunis cemetery is concerned,

untilnearly the end of the second century B .C for documents of Philometor’

s or evenof the earlier part of E uergetes I I’s reignare very

scarce. The bulk of the collection falls withinthe period from1 20 to90 B. c .

,but the reignof N eos Dionysus is fairly well represented, the

vi ii PR E FA CE

latest date found being inthe year B. c . 56 (no. whenthatmonarchwas foratime inex ile. There is no reason to think thatany of theundated documents are later than themiddle of the first centuryOne very large group fromtwo of the best tombs consists of documents fromthe bureau of M enches, who fromabout B.0. 120- 1 1 1heldthe Office of komogrammateus or government scribe at Kerkeosiris,atwhichvillage nearlyall the crocodile-

papyri , thoughfound inthe necropolis of Tebtunis, seemtohave beenwritten. Thehighly organizedsystemof government elaborated by the Ptolemies encouraged theproductionof official documents toanex tent whicheven the bureaucracy ofmodernE gypt can scarcely rival

,and the komogrammateus

being one of the principalmediums of communication,hardlyany colleetionof Official papers would be likely toafford amore detailedandinstructive picture of the working of theadministrationthanthe selec

tionof papyri fromM enches’ Office whichchancehas preserved for us.

They includeacopy ofamost important series of decrees (no. 5)manyletters toand fromhis official superiors and others onavari ety ofsubj ects,and numerous reports, of whichno. 61 is themost elaborateand interesting. The details regarding the ownership, cultivation,andtaxationof land

,whether belonging to the crown, the temples, or themilitary settlers

,withall of whichthe komogrammateus was intimately

concerned, are ex traordinarily full, and throwmuchlight upon themethods ofadministering the royal estates, whichformedalarge proportionof the wholeareaof land under cultivation,and uponthe laterdevelopment of themilitary colony inthe Fayum, of whichthe foundationand earlyhistory were revealed by the Petrie Papyri . Anotherlarge group of papyri whichare for themost part closely connected

witheachother belongs to the period fromB.C. 100—50. These are

withfew ex ceptions private documents , either contracts oraccounts,and stand in complete contrast to the M enches group, buthaveaspecial value owing to the ex treme rarityhitherto of first century B. c .

papyri. Amongst these wemay signalize one of unique interest,acompletemarriage-contract (no.

The Tebtunis papyri reached England inMay, 1900, but during

PR EFA CE i i i

the rest of that year the editing of FayflmTownsand t/zez'r Papy r iandthe Amfier st Papy r i left us no time for other work. We wereanx ioushowever not to postpone indefinitely the commencement of the publicationOf sovaluableacollection,and the claims of the papyri fromthecrocodilemummies seemed themost urgent. Since there was noprospect of our beingable to edit themadequately for some years ifwe could devote to themonly the scanty remainder of time availableafter finishing ourannual volumes for the Egypt E x plorationFund, weproposed toM rs. Hearst and to the Committee of the Fund that thepublicationof this volume should be undertakenjointly by them, sothat copiesmight be supplied to subscribers to the Gracco- RomanBranchOf the Fund,

who would, we thought,have every reason to be

satisfied withobtaining this important selectionof tex ts. The schemewasapproved by bothparties,and inconsequence'

this book isat oncethe first of the Gracco-RomanA rchaeological series inthe publicationsof the University of Californiaand theannual volume of the G raecoRoman Branchfor 1900

— 1,and also (onaccount of its ex ceptional

length) for 190 1—2. This c ircumstance w ill ex plain the ex istence of

two title-

pages inthe copies sent to the subscribers to the G raecoRomanBranch.

The task of decipheringand editing inless thanayear so largeand sodifficultaseries of tex tsas the presenthas not beenlight,andthoughwehave supplemented our translations byamore elaboratecommentary thanusual, weare fully consc ious of themany problemswhichhave beenleft unex plained, espec ially those caused by the use

of new technical ex pressions. Wehave,however, been fortunate inobtaining the collaborationof M r. J. Gilbart Smyly, who studied someof the papyri at Dublinduring the winter of 1900

— 1,and later spent

twomonths working withusat Ox ford,andhas since beeninconstant

communicationwithus. His skill indec iphermentand interpretationisheightenedas regards the present series byhis intimate knowledge ofthe unpublished Petrie Papyri whichare inprocess of being edited byhimand Dr. Mahaffy,and whichtheyhave kindlyallowed us to use ;

and inparticularhehas contributed largely towards the unravelling of

PR E FA CE

the complicated arithmeticaland geometrical calculations to be foundin the sectiondealing withthe land- survey. In editing the classicalfragments Prof. F . Blasshas,as usual, rendered us greatassistance andwehavealso to thank M r. F . LI. Griffithand Prof. W. Spiegelberg forhelp on several points where acomparisonwithdemotic documentswas necessary,and M r. J. G. M ilneand M r. G.F. Hill for similarhelpwithregard to questions ofnumismatics.

The rest of the Tebtunis collection suppliesmaterial for atleast twomore volumes, withthe publication of whichthe E gyptE x plorationFund will not be associated. Wehope to issue Part I I ,containinganaccount of the ex cavationsandmiscellaneousantiqu itiesand the papyri of the Romanperiod, withintwo years. The Romandocumentshavealready, toaconsiderable ex tent, beendeciphered byDr. E . J. Goodspeed, of ChicagoUniversity,

who will collaborate withus in their publication. Part I I I , containing the earlier Ptolemaicpapyri fromthe cartonnage ofmummies, will be issuedas soonas thepressure of our other work permits but since the cartonnagehas first

to be separated and the number of Greek papyri to be ex pected is

ex tremely large, some timemust necessarily elapse before we canhopeto complete the whole series.

In conclusionwehave to ex press our thanks toM rs . Hearst forthemunificence towhicharchaeologists owe the discovery of this greatcollection,and toher and the Committee of the Egypt E x plorationFund for their consent to our proposal for the joint issue of thisvolume, whichalonehas rendered possible the speedy publicationofprobably themost important sectionof the Tebtunis papyri.

BERNA RD P. GR EN FELL.

A RTHUR S . HUN T.

Ox ronn,

May , 1902,

C O N T E N T S

PREFACELIST OF PLATESTABLE OF PAPYRICLASSIFICAnON OF PAPYRI ACCORDING ToCROCODILESNOTE ON THE M ETHOD OF PUBLICATION AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

TE X TS

LITERARY FRAGME NTS (1ROYAL ORDINANCES (5OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE (8 - 87)PETITIONS (38- 5 4)PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCETHE LAND SURVEY (60- 8 8)TAx ATION (8 9- 108)CONTRACTS (104 - 111)ACCOUNTS (112- 123)ADDENDUM ToII (124)DESCRIPTIONS OF M ISCELLANEOUS PAPYRI

APPENDICE S

I . THE LAND OF KERREOSIRIS AND ITS HOLDERSII. THE R ATIO OF SILVER AND COPPER UNDER THE PTOLEI IIES

IN DICE S

I . N EW LITERARY FRAGMENTSII. KINGSI I I . YEARS, M ONTHS, AND DAYS .

IV. GEOGRAPHICAL

PAGE

i CON TEN TS

M ILITARY TERM SRELIGION

WE IGHTS, M EASURES, COINSTAx Es

SYM BOLSGENERAL INDEX OF GREEKWORDSINDE x OF PASSAGES DISCUSSED

LIST OF PLATES

T A B L E O F PA PY R I

PAGEFragment ofanAnthology (Plate 1)Fragments ofanAnthologyEpigrams (Plate I I)Homer, I liad ii (Plate I I)Decrees of E uergetes I I (Plate III)Decree of Euergetes I IDecree of Soter I ITax es inLesbos, Thrace,and Lycia(Plate IV)ApplimtionbyM enches for the Post ofKomogrammateusAppointment of M enches (Plate V)Receipt fromM enches toDorionTwoLetters fromM enchesLetter of M enches toPtolemaeusLetter of M enches toHorusTwoLetters of M enches toHorusLetter fromM enches toHorusLetter fromPolemontoM enchesLetter fromPolemontoM enchesLetter fromPolemontoM enchesLetter fromPolemontoM enchesLetter fromPolemontoPolemonLetter fromTaos toM enchesLetter fromMarres toM enchesReport concerning Peculations ofOfli cialsPart ofanOfficial Letter, &c.

Correspondence ofHorusCorrespondence of the DioecetesLetter fromDioscun’

desandAmenneus toPtolemaeusLetter to the Chrematistae

x iv TABLE OF PAPYR I

Correspondence concerningaChangeofOwnershipCorrespondence concerningaChange ofOwnershipCorrespondence concerningaN ew CatoecusPreparations foraRomanVisitorLetter fromPhilox enus toApollosLetter fix ing the Price of M yrrhLetter concerning Tax es onLandLetter fromApollontoPetesuchus (Plate VI)R eport of the Komogrammateus onaPetitionPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitionofaTax - farmerPetitionto the ArchiphylacitesPetitionto the StrategusPetitionofM enches to the SovereignsPetitiontothe KomogrammateusPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitionto the Komogrammateus (Plate VII)Petitionto the KomogrammateusPetitiontothe KomogrammateusPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitiontothe E pistatesPetitionto the KomogrammateusPetitiontoaHipparch(Plate VI)Letter fromM usaeus toM enchesLetter fromPetesuchus toMarresLetter fromPetenephiésLetter fromaTax - farmerLetter tothe Priests of TebtunisSummary R eport onthe Crops ofKerkeosirisReport onthe Cropsat KerkeosirisList ofOwners ofTempleand Cleruchic LandList ofOwners of Templeand Cleruchic LandReport onthe Cropsat KerkeosirisFragment fromaList ofHoldersof Cleruchic LandReport of the Crops of CrownLandReport of the Crops of CrownLandReport of the Crops of CrownLandReport of the Crops of CrownLand

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x vi TABLE OF PAPYR I

PAGE110. LoanofWheat

LoanofWheat112. Account of the Komogrammateus .

113 . Account

114 . Account of Payments inKind115 . Account of Rents

118 . Account

117 . Account

118 . Account ofaClub119 . Account

120. Account (Plate IX )121. Account

122. Account

123 . Account

124 . Petition to the Sovereigns. Decrees concerningCleruchs

125—284 . M iscellaneous Papyri

CLASS IF ICATION OF PAPYRI ACCORDIN G TO CROCOD ILE S

For purposes of dating it is oftenamatter of importance toknow whichdocumentscame fromthe same crocodile-mummy. Weaccordingly givealist of the papyriarrangedaccording to the crocodiles whichproduced them. The following groups of crocodilesfound together inthe same tomb shouldalsobe noted, since it is clear fromseveral cases,where one papyrushas beenused intwomummies, that the crocodiles found inone tombhad beenmummified together. Theseare (a)crocodiles 1 and 19, (6)crocodiles 7 , 9,and 28

, (c) crocodiles 8, 1 2, 13, 14, 15 , 16, 1 7, and 27, (d) crocodiles 10and 2 2,

(e)crocodiles 18 , 24,and 29. The M enches papyri come fromgroups (6)and (c)andfromcrocodile 23,andmost of the first century B. C. papyri fromgroups (a)and (e).Crocodile 1 . 3, 103, 120, 15 8 , 208

- 9 , 227—8 , 240—1.

206—7 , 262.

7 9, 99 .

183, 268 .

5 8 , 182, 25 8—61.

4 8 , 111, 184 , 220- 2.

9, 18 , 67 , 134, 149.

72- 4 , 92, 129, 180, 198 , 238 , 243 - 4 .

17 7 .

41, 138 , 148 , 210, 242.

20- 1, 45 - 9, 5 1- 2

, 93, 129- 7 , 24 8 .

TABLE OF PA PYR I x vi i

Crocodile 13. 7 6 , 98 , 162, 197 .

I 4. 65 - 6 , 98 , 98 , 118 , 115 , 142, 245- 7 0

15 . 64 , 81, 163 , 249.

16. 80, 172—3 .

1 7 . 12, 24- 5 , 29, 33, 4 7 , 5 7 , 60

—1, 64 , 70, ,7 5 , 7 8 , 97 , 117 , 119 , 15 3,

164—8 , 264 .

18. 96 , 123 , 194- 6 .

19. 108 , 121, 139—40, 180, 189

- 91, 250—3 .

20. 38 , 124—5 , 143, 15 1, 15 9, 18 5 , 25 4

—5 .

2 1 . 15 6 , 17 9, 192—3 .

2 2. 18 8 .

23. 2, 8 , 10—1, 31

- 2, 36, 39, 49 , 5 0, 5 5 , 7 7 , 86 , 107 , 114 , 116 , 118 , 131,

135 , 146 , 15 2, 15 4 , 15 7 , 17 8 , 181,183, 18 7 , 223 - 6 , 230.

24. 3 7 , 5 4 , 90, 101, 106 , 110, 122, 229, 231.

26. 4 .

27. 5 , 7 , 13 , 15—7 , 19, 26

- 7 , 30, 34—5 , 40, 44 , 5 3, 5 8 , 62- 3 , 69, 7 1,

82- 5 , 87- 9 , 91, 94

—5 , 132, 141, 144 - 5 , 150, 161, 169—71, 199,

216 - 9, 232- 7 .

28. 1, 14 , 28 , 43 , 68 , 7 2, 112, 128 , 14 7 , 15 5 , .17 4 , 203—5 , 211- 5 , 239, 25 6 .

29. 100, 102, 104 , 105 , 109 , 17 5 , 18 6 , 200—2, 25 7 .

30. 6 , 17 6 .

31 . 130.

Of the papyri not included inthe foregoing list, 42, 136 ,and 137 were found inthetownof0mmelBaragfit,and 5 9 inthe ruins ofabuilding inthe cemetery.

NOTE ON THE M ETHOD OF PUBLICAT ION A N D

LIST OF ABBR EVIAT ION S

THE literary tex ts contained in the following pagesare printed as theystand inthe originals, ex cept for d ivisionof words,add itionof cap ital initialsinproper names , occasional ex pansionofabbreviations,and Supp lements, wherepossible, of lacunae. Inthe case of Pap. 1 only ,an exact transcriptionhasbeen given together withareconstruction inmodern form. Add itions or

corrections by the samehand as that of the body of themanuscriptare insmall thin type, those by asecondhand in thick type.

Non- l iterary tex ts are printed inmodern sty le withaccentuationandpunctuation. A bbreviationsand symbolsare resolved ;an index of the latterwill be found onp. 642. A dd itionsand correctionsare commonly incorporatedin the tex tand their occurrence is recorded in the critical notes ; but wherespecial considerationsmade thismethod inconvenient,alterations inthe originalhave been reproduced, laterhands being distingu ished ,as inthe case of theliterary tex ts, by thick type. Fau lts of orthography , &c.

,are corrected wherethey seemed l ikely to give rise toany difficu lty . Iotaadscript is printed

wherever it was written,andhas also beenpreferred ,

inView of the usualpractice of Ptolemaic scribes, to iotasubscript inex pand ingabbreviated wordsand supp lementing lacunae. Square brackets indicate alacuna, roundbrackets the resolutionofanabbreviationor symbol,angular bracketsthemistakenomission inthe original of the letters enc losed double squarebrackets mean that the letters within themhave beendeleted in theoriginal, braces that the letters so enclosed

,thoughactually written, Shou ld

be omitted . Dots placed withinbrackets represent the approx imate numberof letters lost or deleted . Dots outside brackets indicatemutilated or otherwiseillegible letters. Letters withdots underneaththemare to be considereduncertain.

Heavyarabic numerals refer to the tex ts of the present volume ; ordinary

LIS T OF A BBR E VI A TI ON S x ix

d itto to l ines ; smal l Romannumerals to columns. The numbers to the left,immed iately below the title of eachtex t,are those givento the crocod i lesandthe several papyri obtained fromthem; e. g. inPap . 1, 28 5means crocod i le 28,

papyrus 5 . A table of the tex ts arranged according to the crocod i les fromwhichthey were derived is givenon p . x vi .

The abbreviations used in referring to papyrological publications aresubstantial ly the same as thoseadopted by Wilcken inA rdzz’v, I . 1. pp. 25

—8,

viz

P. A lex . Papyrus Ptolémaiques du M usée d’

A lexandrie,by G . Botti , inthe

Bu l letinde laSoc iété A rchéologique d’

A lexandrie,

’

No. 2 , pp . 65 sqq.

P. Amh. I and I I The Amherst Papyri (G reek), Vols. 1 and I I,by

B. P. G renfel l and A . S . Hunt.A rc/xiv A rchiv fii r Papyrusforschung.

B. G . U. A egyptische Urkundenaus denKOnigliChen M useen z u Berl in,G riechische Urkunden.

P. Brit. M us. I and I I Catalogue of Greek Papyri inthe BritishM useum,Vols. I and I I , by F . G . Kenyon.

C. P. R . Corpus PapyrorumRaineri, Vol. I , by C . Wessely .

P. Cairo G reek Papyri in the Cairo ( late G iz eh) M useum(Catalogue by

B. P. Grenfel l and A . S . Hunt in the press).P. Fay . Towns FayfimTownsand their Papyri , by B. P. Grenfel l

,A . S . Hunt

,

and D. G . Hogarth.P. Gen. Les Papyrus de Geneve, by J. N icole.

P. Grenf. I G reek Papyri , Series I . AnA lexandrianE rotic Fragment andother G reek Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell.

P. G renf. I I G reek Papyri , Series I I . N ew C lassical Fragmentsand otherGreekand LatinPapyri , by B. P. Grenfelland A . S . Hunt.

P. Leyden Papyri G raeci M usei antiquari i publ ici Lugduni- Batavi , byC. Leemans.

P. Ox y . Iand I I The Ox yrhynchus Papyri, Parts Iand I I , by B. P. Grenfel land A . S . Hunt.

P. Par. Les Papyrus G recs du M usée du Louvre (Notices et E x traits,tome x vi i i . by W. Brunet de Presle et E . Egger.

P. Petrie I and I I The F linders Petrie Papyri , Parts I and I I , by theR ev. J. P. Mahaffy .

R ev. Laws R evenue Laws of Ptolemy Phi ladelphus, by B. P . Grenfel l , withanIntroductionby the R ev.J. P. Mahaffy .

P. Tor. Papyri G raeci R egI I Taurinensis M usei A egyptII , by A . Peyron.

WilckenOst. Griechische Ostraka, by U . Wilcken.

b 2

I . LITE RA RY FRAGM E N TS .

1. FRAGM ENT OF AN ANTHOLOGY.

30 5 x 49 cm. Aboutme. 100. PLATE 1.

OF the four l iterary papyri obtained fromthe crocodi le-mummies of

Tebtunis, threeare fragments ofanthologies. The three,however, in realityreduce themse lves to two, for the ex tracts contained in the present papyrusareall (withone ex ception)found inamore fragmentary cond ition in2, whichwas writtenby the same scribe ; see the introductionto that papyrus. Theex tractsarehere contained inasingle broad columnofwriting, whichdoes notfill upmore than three- fourths of the depthof the papyrus,and is completeinitse lf sofaras it goes. It is preceded byanother Short column, givingaCopyof the commencement of the decrees of E uergetes I I Thehandwriting,whichis the same in the two columns, is awel l- formed semi - uncial, withoccasional lapses into cursive forms. The papyrus, like the other documentsfromthis crocodi le, dates fromthe close of the second century B. C.

The ex cerpts Showmuchvariety incharacter. The first two, whicharethe longest,are lyrical,and perhaps older thanthose whichfollow. Lines 1—

4

appear to be anaddress by Helentoherhusband M enelaus, whohad broughther back fromT roy , but was now inhis turn desertingher. I f so,however

,

the writer was following atraditionwhichhas not otherwise survived , forM enelausand Helenafter the fal l of Troyare elsewhere representedashavingl ived together inharmony at Sparta. Themetre of the piece seems to beacretic systemcomposed of twopartS , A ¢avels —4rdrpavand 62

whichwithafew S l ight changesmay bemade to correspond comp letely.

This is fol lowed (11. 5— 1 1) by an elaborate description of awood landsolitude, frequented only by singing birdsandhumming bees, the latter beingd istingu ished by an ex traordinary accumu lation of epithets . Themetre of

B

TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

this ex tract isamix ture of Anacreontics and Ionic i aminore. N ex t comethree couplets describing various aspects of love, (a) the obstinacy of love

(11. 1 2 (6) its fickleness (11. 13 (5) the power of wine to ex c ite thepassions (11. 15 One line in eachof the first two couplets isan iambictrimeter, while it is uncertainwhether the other l ine was original ly iambicor not. Themetre of the third couplet, if indeed it bemetricalat all, isquite d ifferent ; but it is d isfigured by lacunae. The last of the. ex cerpts

is certainly pr’

ose, and represents adebauchee onhis death-bed givinginstructions forhis bones to be burntand pounded,and thenusedasaremedyfor sufferers fromSimi lar ex cesses. The phraseology of these later ex tractsind icates their A lexandrianorigin, e. g. 00167 6 for Bofi wfle in l. 13,andmininl. 14 (cf. 2. (a)

On the verso of the papyrus are some short lists of names,acolumnof figures, &c.

, writtenat d ifferent timesand indifferenthands. Among thisephemeral writingappear the first few words of the second of the l iterary piecesonthe rectofoudab evyjmpwv opvea

In the reconstructionand interpretationof this and the following newl iterary fragments weare ,as usual,muchindebted to theassistance of ProfessorBlass. We gi ve firstanexact transliterationof the original,and thenareprod uctioninmodernform.

«paw;c xappapoeqickovorepqyamor edoparmokeptmavgbpvymvIroJumopdewpovaraapax opwaIGSAe x earmJuvetavrarpavw v

depovvapa¢tcahox ompropyeagretmyvdavatdqvhox oo'qi okemoevexarratdaravayapepvomkeaprepw rovc¢ay¢ovayapepvom

5mrvommcrep tIrvpt( e nmflto-( evqpevep tvv fer trwflt( ex ekayomawop tyqxatrapevapx erorf. .]eM evrade¢rtyavradefimrevoworopqhakevm¢mvm¢dtepqpoadevarmwpaAAoaavrapfleGaxmtmGawadepyar tdeaktporrpoomflozfovdow epot

pd twmdav atdepeoa'eptdorktwox ewmtfiapvaxamkovpyocepmwavowflgrovw eo'ayvoaOorurvpavaxatopevovekamfleherex f. Jaw-at epwwoa'wvx qvxatkammdwv

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TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

facedand dusky-winged, summer’

s thronging toilers,who leave their sting behind, deep

toned, workers in clay, full of eagerness, unsheltered, draw out the sweet nectar,honeyladen}

5 . 88 Ape-raw {pfipovOpios : occurs inAeschylus, Persae 80 ; it seemshowever veryunsatisfactoryhere, thoughthismay be partially due tothe separationof the passage fromits contex t. aim-6m? a’w’

e’

piipov bpfos dxpocs (r'

)(Blass)would improve the sense, if not themetre. Lines 5—6maybe scannedas twoAnacreontics (the initial syllable of the first beingabsent), followed by three Ionic i aminore, of whichthe two latterhave resolved finalsyllables, and an Anacreontic piwptt

’

inn The scansion of the remainderpresents no difficulty.

As remarked inthe introduction, the openingwords $0900 8 evy]v¢ov 0pm: 0160:havebeencopied outagainonthe versoof the papyrus.

rd 8‘

this seemsafairly certaincorrectionof them8 68mmof

the papyrus. 2. (a)recto4apparently reads «Boa-rpwowav, while 2. (c)verso 1 perhapshadBumprw ; Cf. notesad lac.

7 67’

8p?)Ad d ic t : Blass suggests f dr’

6716116110101, withnopunctuationafter ifiéw pea.vérraww : theadditionof the syllable -w is necessary for themetre. Probably the

original copyhad 7 017010 111, 1» beinghere represented by the 74 of M os. halosand Chloewould be barely distingu ishable inthehands of this period.

I o. Mmixwrpoc : cf. Plato, Plzaedo9I C «3017611 7161 17 7 11 701167 11100 M 0.

111,109,1o theallusionappears to be tothehabit of some bees ofmakingholes intheground. There isalsoavariety (found inEgypt)whichbui lds cells ofmudagainst stonesinsheltered situations ;and suchbeesmightalsobe well describedasmfltovpyof.

12 -

3 2. (a)verso 1—2.

6716 7 7 0. VWOGTOGW GS‘ dyvoeid

’

61-1

1ri3p dvaxat6p61rov OEAGTG 1401174004 .

Inadmonishingalover youare ignorant thatyouare seeking toquenchasmoulderingfire withoil.’

1 2-

3. The second line of the Couplet,as Blass points out, canbe converted intoaniambic trimeter by the transpositiondmatdpevov rrfip 68m? flat? xoqu

'a’at. But it is perhapsbest not todisturb the order of the original. Themix ture of iambic trimeters withothermeasures is found inthe choruses of the Attic dramatists. It is,moreover, tobe observedthatm‘ip civaxatépmv canbe scannedas the secondhalf ofapentameter, whichappears inconjunctionwithiambics inthemetre knownas the iambelegus. Cf. the nex t couplet.

13. The blank space left inthe papyrusafter baa-at indicates thatanother ex cerptcommences withthe nex t word.

13—4 2. (a)verso3—

4.

671614 09 M 9 Kai Aaprrddtov t'

flr'

tivépov

1707 6 p6v 21953001) 1707 6 86mikt x ozpffa'at.A lover’

s Spirit, as atorchfanned by the wind, is nowablaze,and nowagaindiesaway.

’

2. LI TE R AR Y FR A GM E N TS 5

13-

4. The ideaemphasized inthis couplet is the fitfulness of passion, whichis notinaptly compared toatorchin the wind, onemoment flaring up fiercely,andanother,almost ex tinguished.

The couplet, like the preceding, is composed ofaniambic trimeterandanother linewhichis not, but whichcanbe converted intoaniambic trimeter withoutmuchdifiiculty,e. g. 1mm) 1

"6'

pé'

wros 1471.16w 0’

I'm) Irw ijs. But the safer course is to leave the lineas

it stands.

15—6 2. (a)verso5—7 .

rrfvomfsr p[6p 606]0p60ax 06x 6'

7 t (bpovofipev

6 8'

{pans 6p6 1r[vpf]vats Tats 7 61 aks xarax éxavx w .

Weare drunk withdrinkingand no longer inour senses,and lovehas consumedme with thatare like fire.

’

The point of these twolines is obscured by the lacunae. Lovehowever isagainthesubject,and the thoughtmay be Simply of the power of wine to ex cite the passions. Theconnex ionbetweenwineand love isacommonenoughtheme ; cf. e.g. Anlb. Pal. ix .

749. Inthe corresponding passage 2. (a) verso 5 there is space for one or twomoreletters between"bonesand ]o1'ov thanseems possiblehere. The letter before rov seems tobe either 0 or

Whether this couplet is verse or prose is doubtful. I t is noticeable that the scansionof the last six syllables in eachline is identical,and thatat the beginning s iren-

[es ismetrically equivalent to 6 B’

8pm3746. This would beastrange coincidence, ifaccidental.1 7

—9.

00101710107 69 7119] 2170010501101! [évereihako rois yrmpfpots,xaraxafloan 70 6[0]7 dptei you xa7 d[£a7 6] Kai “we re [ i

'

JI'a7 029 7 81

67117 157 12 1707 0901

617 1170001? or

Paedicoquidammoriturusamicishaec praecepit : combustaossameaperfringite et

conterite, ut ex clune laborantibusmedicamenadhibeantur.’This there canbe nodoubt is sheer prose.

2. FRAGM EN TS OF AN A NTHOLOGY.

23-4. 13 2 x 1 18 cm. (Frag. About B. C. 100.

The following fragments belong toanother copy of theanthology fromwhichthe preced ing ex cerpts were derived. Bothsides of the papyrushavebeenutiliz ed . Onthe rectoare (1)apartially erased copy of the second ex tractof 1 (Frag.a), (2)onasmall fragmentafew letters fromanother copy of thesame ex tract (Frag. b),and (3)part ofacontract dated inthe reignof Cleopatra

6 TE BTUN I S PAPYR I

E uergetis and Ptolemy A lexander (Frag. (I), all being by the same handas the two columns of that papyrus. On the verso the anthology appearsfor the third time, buthere it isat greater length. A lmostall that is containedin1 is represented besidesagood deal that is not found there. Parts of threecolumns at least remain; and thereare smal ler fragments whichmay belongtoanother columnor columns . We print the tex t of the versoof three Separatefragments ; the restare too insignificant to be worthreproducing. The wholepapyrus ismuchdecayed ,.and the ink inparts is very faint. Fragments (a)and (c)comprise (among other pieces)the ex tracts cop ied in1. Fragment (d)appears to containpart ofadialogue, whichmay,as Blass suggests, come fromamime ; but the sense ishardly recoverable.

Thehandwriting of the verso isarather small cursive, with, infragmentat least

,frequent abbreviations. I t

,

is,however, practically certain that this

copyand the others wereall writtenby the same scribe. The connecting linkis provided by the contract onthe recto, whichwas beguninasemi- uncialhandand continued inacursiveapprox imating to that of the verso. A s to therelations of 1and 2 rectoand verso, probably the copies weremadeat difl'

erenttimes fromone original, and are independent of eachother. 2 verso showsthe best tex t, thoughit is by nomeans free fromcorruptions. 1and 2

are careless,and were perhaps only writtenfor practice oramusement.

[601102 8 evyv]¢aw 07111160. 81 6¢67 0w 6701711011 8p10$

~

617 1] 1010117 1 17 17 1109 qpew e quv tfe

[7 17 7 vfi1f6v “Mayor 1114117 07117 1) 1101 7 01 per

[18 letters 7 11] 8

5 AaJtev]q qhwats ¢]1J\6pqpos 86 110172 19

[itaM os aw e/1,860axon 17 10011111 8] 6pya7 186[s[Mpmrpoa'mrrot fou00117 ]g991 Juana-oat[001711112 1 0€p€ 09 6p1001 Ba[pu

Col. ' i .

[67010117 2 VWOGTOUVTJGS‘ 07 1 1rup am[xawpevov chum 110171117 11 1

[GIM P

[GPGWTQS‘ Ikvx qv Kat] Aap1m810v 1117 2 1167100

2. LI TE R AR Y FR A GM E N TS

[1707 6 11611 “WK”? 86 17 0111

5 [17 1110117 69 0]7 0v 11611600011600 1101

[0111167 1 (6110110011611 0] 86 6pm(9) 6116 171111111019

[7 019 1107 0116110011611

[01 11011119 x 0p110 1101 ¢1Ao]11 07 6 11 117 017019 07 6

[8apar t 1701161111111 7 011] fipvyaw 170A1]11

[6170p0619 110110 7 0110 11011117 01 A6x 60

[17011111 619 1707 p011 111111] 86 [1101111011 11 0110x 011

[007 0p7 6 017 619 11111 4 011048011 Ao]x o9 GpoAGV

[119 6116110 170180 7 011] 07 011011 Ayn-

61119 { 7 011}

[17007 1011 A7 011611vo]111

170A1 11 686p6

Col. 11.

110116mm1 9 w eml7 1) 1rept6[

301 61[11117 01

xak x epfiok 611[

10 619 AA6£01181160[11

011 8vv[0]p01 811y [

I I. 5 . Second 6 of 9 11111169 007 1.

Frag. (b)recto.

Frag. (c)

TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

0117 0]fifi60 axat”GALGUJM

[2111 0111349 212191 I11411101701

146181 10011 [fialpvalx5 7 0 yptvx v

40113117 1111611 4

2 . 11 of [0117 1111340above the line.

]11 ¢1M w

]9 1117 0716111 g1'

[01119 110v016[0]1[7

11

17]0p011v~11011 11167 01 KA6v1707 [p0

111 7 011017171117 1010111611 8915[7 0 1167 017 60111 08113107 011) 111) 11011

1167 0

11 p( )app(6pm11011101101 1107 0211101 611[111100117011) 7 09 0upa(9) 1111 1167 0 4101111 7

2. LI TE R AR Y FR A GHE N TS 9

1101 17

809 1101 7 011 7 p1fim(110) 1101 6 11 6

rupt6 1100611819

67 01 86 07 1161101101 1101

20 1160110111 6px 67 01 0 1167 0

0 116116179 0011 7 6111 1101

18 . 8 of 11110111819 corr. 2 1 . Below the lineanerased paragraphus. 0 of

0071. fromasecond 1) ( i).

(a) recto 1 - 8 1. 5—10. The papyrushadalready beenused before this copy wasmade, the original writinghaving beenwashed off. These linesalsoappear tohave been

themselves purposely erased in parts. There is nothing legible below I. 8, but therearetraces of efl'aced writing, whichmore probably represent the original document than thecontinuationof theanthology. Inthat case this copy came toanabrupt endat l. 8 orinthemiddle of l . 9. The same thinghashappened withregard to the contract on therectoof fragment six linesof this were writtenand thenerased,afreshstart beingmadealittle lower down.

0

4-

5 . The Copyistappears tohave beenparticularly careless inthese twolines. I t doesnot seempossible togetapx ero Ta8 6116101611 7 11 8 «nya7 0 intothe lacunaat the beginning ofl . 4, while, if 0at the end is the first letter of there is not enoughtofill the correspondinglacunain l. 5 . IneBoa-rp’

evovrav,there is aspace betweenpand e inwhichthereare

traces of ink ; but thesemay come fromthe document originally writtenon this sideof the papyrus. The doubtful ahas been corrected, perhaps from0. The 11maypossibly be 1.

versoi. 1 - 7 1. 1 2- 6.

3. [apatoabove the linemarks the beginning ofafreshex cerpt so too I. 15 below.

8—14 1. 1 -

4.

ii 3 1ml= Of fefll(c)1- 5 1. 8- 1 1 . This piece of papyrus isadhering toanother,and is too fragile to

be separated, sowe donot know what the rectocontains.1 . Supposing this line tohave beenofabout the same lengthas those following,and

that it contained noabbreviations, we shouldhave ex pected it to commence withfor 0111;

(1. The fifthletter is,however,almost certainly 11,and the Six thmost probably 7 ;and

preceding the 11 is whatappears to be 1 withahorizontal stroke immediatelyabove it.Bmolr ev the reading in1. 8, is not possible.

Onthe rectoof this fragment is the contract referred toabove.

1 -

4. The spaces betweenthese linesare rather broad,and they were very probablydivided by paragraphi .

5- 6 . The spacing indicates that there wasaparagraphus betweenthese two lines.7. Probably nokhams, but the vestigesare tooscanty for certainty.

the vestiges donot suit the 7 very well, but the reading Is just possible.

1 2. TheaofmIsanangular dashabove the 7 ; sotoo that Of p t ‘

yaIn1 1 5 .

10 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

3 . E PIGRAM S.

2 1 -5 x 13 4 cm. Early first century B. c. PLATE I I.

A fragment fromacollectionofA lexandrianepigrams. Parts of thirty -one

linesare preserved, being the right-handhalf ofasingle rather short column,in

whichare included four d istinct elegiac poems onmiscellaneous subjects.

Of these one at least, the second (ll. 13 appears in the Anthology ,andisapoemby A lcaeus of M essene onastatue of the pancratiast Cleitomachusof Thebes, erected byhis father Hermocrates (Ant/1. Pal. ix . 5 88, Ant/1. Plan.

iv. 2. 5 ; cf. Pausan. vi. A lcaeus M essenius is knowntohave flourishedat the beginning of the second century B.C.

, so that this M S. is separated fromtheauthor byaninterval ofnotmore thanaboutacentury. There is

,however,

only one considerable variant fromthe ord inary tex t, fipax etovas for 6170116809

in l. 1 7 , and this does not affect the sense. A t the end of the same line

the papyrushas the correct read ing naAatO’as for 17011 615009, the read ing of theCodex Palatinus. The other three epigrams do not seemto be ex tant.The subject of the first isapicture representing the deathof Phaethonafterhis fatalattempt todrive the chariot of the sun, withthe brokenchariotandhismourning sisters ; cf. Ovid , M etamorplz. i i . 314, sqq. Possibly this epigramisalso by A lcaeus of M essene, as there is no Signofaname between itandthe nex t. But if the name of theauthor of the succeeding poemwasaShortone no part of it wouldhave beenpreserved ; and the spacing of the linesdoes not afford atrustworthy clue. The third epigram(II. 22—25) waswritten upon some l iterary work by apoet whose name ended in - ippus,

probably Poseidippus or Hegesippus. The fourth(ll. 27 sqq.) is upon thewell -womtheme of the Spartanwomanki l l ingher sonwhohad fled frombattle (Cf. Ant/1. Pal. i i . 23, VI I . 230, 433, 53 1, ix . 61

, 397) by awri ter theterminationof whose name wasapparently 4 0809 , perhaps Asclepiades or, lessprobably, Philiadas.

The papyrus is written inagood - sized,rather irregularand uncultivated

uncialhand , without punctuationor other signs. A fewalterationshave beenintroduced apparently by the original scribe, whi le in themargin opposite

I. 18 is an i l legible word inasmaller and perhaps difl'

erenthandwriting.

The crocod ile whichproduced this fragment is comparatively late in date,belonging to the same group as the crocodiles numbered 18

,19, 24and 29,

the papyri fromwhichwere for themost part written in the reigns of

Ptolemy Alexanderand N eos Dionysus ; cf. 108 . introd .

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TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

5 . p of 11611011009 corr. 1 2 . 1 of 012019 corr. from After 0180110 1 traces ofthree or four efl'aced or erased letters.

3. 0117170 0 : the letters 0and 1are ex tremely doubtful, being very blurredand faint.7 . l. 112060007 01.1 3. 1110110 isamistake for (01116111.I 7 . 131101 3101109 : 81160100611 0171111113119 Cod. Pal.17112010111 : 00216009, the reading of the Cod. Pal.,has generally beencorrected to

1102111001 , whichis confirmed by the papyrus.I 8. I ]0 7110060 : 1. 10011600 1.

20. Ep11011p0709 :'

Ep11011p07 719 vulg.

29. 7 1160014117 11 : cf. Anfb. Pal. Vi i. 531 . rand Plutarch, Ages. 30 7 039 177 110119 11070

811210000 111 009 7 p6'

0007 09 dvopci

fovm.

4 . HOM ER ,I liad , Book I I .

Frag. (a)1 1 -3 x 1 1-2 1111. Late second century B. c. PLATE I I .

Fragments of five columns ofapapyrus containing the second book ofthe I liad , written inaround uncialhand resembling that of the Louvre

Hyperides papyrus. A is formed withaloop in the left-hand corneras inthe BritishM useumpapyrus of Hyperides’

orationagainst Philippidw . Two

cursively written documents belonging to the end of the second century B. C.

were found inthe same crocodile as these Homer fragments, whichcan be

assigned w ithconfidence to the same period .

The part of the book covered by the fragments is froml l . 95—2 I O,but

this is inanex tremely imperfect cond ition. Many of the pieces preservedarestained nearly black,andallare ex tremely fragile.

An interesting feature of the papyrus, especially onaccount of its earlydate, is the occurrence of several critical signs, suchas the obelus (11. 124, 133,

the 811725 176p1607 1y116‘m; ( l. the 007 50 17110 and the asterisk

withthe obelus (note on 1. besides astrokemarking the beginningof sections. A highstop is occasional ly found . Iotaadscript is sometimesomitted . The tex t of the papyrus is afairly good one,and does not differmuchfromthat of the later M SS . A hitherto unknownvariant occurs inl. 132 (cf.also note on1. and it is noteworthy that inl. 133 the read ingof A ristarchus is corrected into that of the vulgate. The corrupt line 206

is omitted , as inmost later M SS. Line 185 was omitted bymistake andinserted inthemarginat the bottom. Inthemarginbetweenll. 200and 201

isafi,marking the secondhundred inthe scribe

’

s tex t, whichup to this point

4 . LITERARY FR A GHENTS 13

musthave corresponded very c losely, perhaps exactly ,inthematter of lina

withthe later M SS., thoughmuchstressmust not be laid on the exactnessof the correspondence, for the papyrus scribes were not very precise inmarkingthehundreds ; cf. 0. g. the long Ox yrhynchus Homer (P. Ox y. I I .

The restorations of the lacunaeare fromthe tex t of LaRoche. A facsimi leof Cols. ivand v is givenonPlate I I .

Col. i .

[7 67 p17x 61 8ay0p17 11170 86 07 600x 1{ 67 0 y]a1a[200 11 1( 0117 00 0110809 8 170 60060 86

[1117p111169 BOOGWTGS'epr77 11a11 61 1707

[0x o1a7 01101106100 86 810]7 p60[6]0 11 [fi0012170 ]0°

[0170118171 8 2009] 6p177 110611 1100 681109

[1701100116001 112ayy179] 000 86 11p610 11 Ay011611110[0]

[607 17 01117177 p00 6x00 7 0 1160] H00107 09 110116 7 611x 0 11

[H00107 09 1160 80 116 A 11 Kp001001 010014111

[at17ap apa2 6119 80 116 810117 0p0 1 Apy]6100117 [171

[E p116 1a9 86 0005 80 1160 H62017 1 172175]11r17[0 1

[av-rap 0 007 6 11620111 80 11 A rp61 200 0

[A 7 p6119 86 0111701100 62117 611 1702110p]01

[map 0 0117 6 9 11607 Aya11611va01 00p17001

[1702217010 01700101 1101 Apy61 17007 1 00000610]

[7 0 1 0 y 6p6 100116009 6176 Apy610101

2 lines lost.

1 1 2 [0x 67 2109 09 17p111 11611 1101 1117 60x 67 0 1101

[I 21011 6111rep0a117 6117 61x 6o0 01700660001]

[0110 86 110111711 01707 1711 fiov2ev0a]7 0 1101 116 1111261161

1 1 5 [811011260 Apyos 11160001 617 61 02600

Col. 11.

r a17p17117 00 17o2e[111]f610 1786 11ax 600a1a118pa01 17011p[0]7 6p0101 [7 6209 8 170 7 1 1760007 01

61 17 6p yap 11 6fi62o111611 Axa101 7 6] Tpm69 7 6

0p1110 17107 0 ap101117]0171160a1 01100

TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

Tp009 1160 60607 101 60010

1711619 8 69 810000110001460 Axa1o1Tp000 8 a08[pa61100 7 00 0100x 060610 ,

1702201 1160 8600107 0] 0100x 0010

7 00000 6y0 [017111 172609 G111l]€ 0a1 11109 Ax 0100

[M 0 01 1107 0 022 6171110v 1

611 1702100 6yx 6017 ]020[1 a]08pe9 600

[01] 116 1101 0011 6100

U

[I 210]0 61c17 6[p0a1 60 0010116000 177 02160]pq0

817 B[6760001 A 109 116y0200 6010117 01]

[1101i

8]17 8[011p0 0601717 6 0600 1101 01rapra

[01 86 1700 171167 epa1 7 020x 01 1101 01717 10 7 61100]

[6107 601 116y0p019 1707 1]86y[1160]M

[0117 0 9 011p0007 00 00 8[ 60p

[022 0y60 09 00 6y0 17007 69

[060y01160 000 017001 6 ; [17 ]07 p180 y0100

[00 yap 67 1 Tp01170 01070011160 60p00y0100

[0 9 007 0 7 0101 86 001100] 601 o[p1]06

[17001 1167 0 172170110 00 78002179 [617011011000

[111017017 8 ayap17 0 9 11a11p[a002000179[17007 011 I 11ap1o1a7 0 1160 7 60]p09 7 6 7 6

[0p0p 61701509 1707 po9 A 109 611]

Col. iii .

09 8 07 6 [11111170171 ( 6011p09 60011 217100 62000

2afip0[9 61701y1f00] 617 1 7 1701061 007 0x 0600111

0 9 1700 ayap17 7 01 [8 0202177 0 1

111709 170800 8 11[176116p06 1100117

061po116017 7 01 8 02(2)17201q[ 1

0170 0 178 6211611611 8100

00p009 7 [636110001400 007 17 8 oupa0o11 11160

0111086 1611600 11 0170 [8 17p]6o0 6p110[7 0 01700

6000 Apy6f1a10111 017 6p110p0 ] 11a[0]7o9 6[rux017

200

4. LI TE R A R Y FR A GM E N TS

11 7117 110171102t Hm”P09 1111905] f iflmlv01y10x 010

Col. iv.

[0yxw 8 107 01161117 17p006]037 y2a[u]1101r19 4 017017[810y6069 Aa6p7 1a8]17 170201117x 00 0800060

[007 0 817 011100 86 69 17a7 p18aya1a0[0605600 60 0176001] 17 60007 69

[1108 86 1160 60x 0217]0 Hp10110 1 1101 Tpm01 2117017 6[Apy61170 E 260170 179 6106110 1702201 Axa100[611 Tp01171 012179 0170 1707 p18o9 01179

[022 101 000 1107 0 2000] Ax 0100 111786 7 6p061

[0019 8 ayava19 6p177 116 00 7 0 611007 00

[111786 60 01709 020 8 011016210009

[0 9 000 0 86 0609 0170 00017000179

[617 86 06610 0170 86 x 2]010011 78026 7 170 86 110111006

[1117p05 E vpvfia7 179 I 00]11170109 09 01 01717861 15171 11

[86507 0 01 011]17177 p00 rra7 p0 1a[0 00017 00 0161

[0011 7 0 1 GB?) 01709 Ax u 1m[0 x02110x17 0000

Col. v.

7 11117 8 [611 A 109 607 1 01261 86 6

.

11177 167 0 2 609

00 8 00 [0171100 008pa1801 78000117 0 7 600 001

7 011 0[1117177 p0 1 6200001160 011011217000116 7 6 111100 1

8a1[11o01 a7 p611a9 1700 1101 0220 11 110000 011006

01 06[o 06p7 6p01 6101 00 8 0177 0261109 1101 00021119

17 07 60 17026110 1 600p1011109 0117 601 3002171

[00 1160 1709 17007 69 5 001260001160 60008 Axa101]a aya[0o11 170201101p00117 619 1101p0009 607 0

619 30042609 01 80 116 Kpo11011 17019 0y1102011177 60

09 0 y6 11[01p006011 81617 6 07 p07 00 01 8 0y0p170 86

007 19 06011 0770 1101 11210100 0

I S

TE B TUN IS PA PYR I

17x 17 0 9 110110 1702002010fi01o 002000179

[01y1]020[1 11eya2m1 flp61167 01 0110p0y6 1 86 7 6 17007 09

1 24. The obelus inthemarginindicates that this line was tobeathetiz ed,as wasalsostated by Aristonicus cf. 11. 133and 197 .

1 32 . o'

1’

711 7167 11 112110110 1 is the reading of the M SS. The particle 1 1 isnotwantedhere,but unless 11 is divided from111, or 111 from11, it is not easy to seehow the line is to berestored.

133. The M SS.allhave ’I2lov

,while Aristarchus read "121011, whichseems tohave been

the original reading of the papyrus. Above the 1 is what looks likeaV- shaped 11,which

is different fromthe ordinary formof 11 found elsewhere inthe fragments,and is probablydue toasecondhand. The obelus is placedagainst this line (and probably the threepreceding ones),and Aristonicus stated that they wereathetized.

137 . 007 1851771110 671711 81‘

27170 1 is the reading of the M SS., but we cannot reconci le thetracesafter 1707 186y[7160] with01 011111, or with0109 avariant found inR 061. Gr . I I I .

86. 15 .

141 . Theasteriskand obelus inthemarginrefer to the corresponding line in thenex t column, of whichthe lowerhalf is lost. This, judging by the spac ing, should bell. 165 or 166. Line 166, 01 80111

’

ow 11111017116 M 7110 1161111’

A07'

7017 is essential, but ll. 163-

5recur soonafterwards in ll. 1 79

- 8 1 , and of l. 164 it is stated by the scholiast A.

067 627 01mi 007 6001109 0011011617 01 87 1 02116109 2c'

y67 c 1 p17 . Probably therefore the combinationof theasteriskand obelus, whichindicates that the line inquestionhad beenwrongly interpolated fromanother passage, refers to l. 164. The difiiculty withregard to the Spacingmay be ex plained by supposing thatanew linehad been inserted between11. 15 7 and164, or inother ways.

1 47 . The strokeagainst this lineapparently indicates the commencement of thesimile ; cf. 11. 198and 207, bothof whichstartafreshsection. This ex planationof thestroke is not,however,always suitable where it is found inother Homeric papyri, e.g.

P. Ox y. I I . 223.

1 56. Only the top strokeand the upper dot of the 811126 111711101 1magainst this lineare preserved ; but Aristonicus states that Zenodotus read 11 711)’

A017001'

17 200 106 “620 1511?

021371110 1and omitted 11. 15 7- 68

,and the 8111213 11171110 11p was specially employed tomark the 7117 117 711100 of Zenodotus (cf. Dindorf, 111 I I. I . p. x lvi). Theremay wellhave

been81112112 against the following linesalso.

1 77 . Probably 12211 1711 was writtentwice bymistake.

184. 1107 0 inthemargin (perhaps inadifferenthand)means that l. 185 whichisomitted was inserted inthemarginat the bottom. Cf. P. Ox y. I I . 223. 1 25 .

197 . Lines 193—7 were athetiz ed according to Aristonicus. For the obelus cf.

l l. 124and 133.

200. Bis placed inthemarginmidway betweenll . 200and 201 , so it is not certaintowhichof the two it refers, butmore probably it refers to l. 200. Cf. introd.

204. Theantisigmaagainst this line probablymeansmerely that it was out of place ;cf.agrammarianquoted by Dindorf, S160] . 01 I I. I . p. x lv 16 81

‘

11110’

Jam-6 1511110177111 7 1109

8117220 771610 ”‘rdfl'ovs‘ 11111 711) 0111086-cc . The ancient critics wished to place 11. 203

-

5after 1. 192 ; see Schol . A . (Aristonicus)on11. ii. 192 (16 81 1 {111-6 7 017700 8811

1 116770111 7 009 170p607 1y116'

00119 171111 1rv1'

s (11. 203 I f,as is possible, the writer of thepapyrus wished to indicate byanantisigmaopposite I. 204and 0

-1-1-

771111’

Opposite l. 192

5 . R 0YAL ORDI NA N CE S 7

that l. 204 ought to be transferred,hismethod of exrlploying theantisigmawas exactlycontrary to that of Aristonicus, whoplaced theantisigmaagainst the line inits right position.

Fromthe inconsistent ex planations of theantisigmabyancient grammarians it is clear thatscribes difl'

eredas to their use of it.205 . The corrupt line whichfollows this insome ofour M SS.,

01651"e 1"1383 0611107 0:

in 066101 is omitted by the papyrus.

I I . ROYAL ORDIN AN CE S .

5 . DEGREES or E UERGETES 11.

2 7-

3 verso. 29 x 2 1 7 cm. 1 18. PLATE II I (Col. ix ).

To the contemporary documents of primary importance for the internalhistory of the Ptolemaic period , suchas the R evenue Papyrusand the R osettastone,must now be added along and most valuable series of decrees(wpoardypara) issued by E uergetes I I and the two Cleopatras, the sister andthe wife

,

’inhis fifty

- second year, copied inthe office of the komogrammateusat Kerkeosiris, probab ly by that offic ialhimself, upon the back ofadocumentgivingalist ofholders of templeand c leruchic land

Out of the tencolumns of writing giving the tex ts of no less thanfortysix different decreesmarked off fromeachother by paragraphi , only one

(Col. v) ishopelesslymuti lated. The restare inagood or fair state of preservation,and it rarelyhappens that the lacunaeare too large for the '

sense

ofadecree tobe recoverable, whi lemany of the ord inancesare qu ite complete.

The writingas faras l. 133 isamed ium- siz ed flowing cursive. Lines 134—46

are inadifferentand less cursivehand by avery uneducated scribe, whoobviously did not give satisfaction; for after aconsiderable blank spacefollowing Col. vi the original writer resumed fromthe point wherehehadhimself left off, repeating 11. 134

—46 in 11. 147- 66, and continuing to the

end. The only difference between the second portionwrittenbyhimandthe first is that in the earlier parthemade the first line of eachnew decreeproject by one or two letters, while in the later part the beginnings of thelines are even. I t is clear fromthe introductory words of the decrees thatwehave the actual beginning,and at the end too the papyrus is probab lycomplete, for the writing on the verso is in the opposite direction to that

C

18 TBE TUN I S PAPYR I

onthe recto,of the first columnof whichthe ends of l ines remain. It is possible

that there was onemore column, but unlikely , for the papyrushasall theappearance ofhaving beenalready cut downwhen it was used for writingonthe verso. A bbreviations are occasionally found . The last four columnsofferhardlyany d iffi culties of dec ipherment, ex cept those for whichthe scribe

is responsible owing tohis practice ofwriting inthe same way 0and A, band 0,1 and 0, cuand a,and often 7 and A

, or yand The first six columnsareless easy owing to the papyrus being inparts stained adeep browncolour.

Amore serious obstac le to the interpretationis the carelessness of the copy .

In common withmost of the documents d rawnup in the office of M enches,comprising themajority of the official documents in this volume, arecklessd isregard of elementary rules, especial ly concerning cases

,is frequently shown,

and very little respect is paid to correct construction; while words or evenwholel inesare sometimes omitted (see notes on11. 1—7and and several obviousslipsare left uncorrected (notes on11. 100, 225 and Lastly, the ex tremelycompressed and highly technical character of the phraseology necessari lyincreases the obscurity onpoints whichare not illustrated fromother sources.

Some of these d ifficultiesmight be ex plained by thehypothesis that the decreesareabstracts containing the pithof the originals withthe ex planatory detailsomitted. But the beginning is in the formofaregular proclamation,and isnot introduced by the vague phrase fiaothe’wv wpoarafdwwv (found e g. in

whichseems tohave beenthe ordinary formu lafor quotingawpéaraypanotin itsactual words.

Many of the decrees are of the nature of indu lgences (411Aduflpa11ra)orremissions of penalties orarrears ;and the first one proc laimsageneralamnestyforall ex cept themost serious forms of crime up to Pharmouthi 9 of the fiftysecond year, the earliestdateat whichthese decrees canhave beenissued. I t

is curious that in the famous lawsu it of Hermiasagainst the Choachytae inthe fifty - fourthyear, whichis recorded in P. Tor. 1 , the advocate of thedefendants appeals (vu. 13, sqq.) toadecree ofamnesty for offences up to

Thoth19 of the fifty - third year, describing it interms whichnearly correspondwiththe languageof the first section, 61 1 61mi 16 1:myth-rawBamhéwvdwohdtvxd‘mvrobs 13116 f in; Baathdav 11611103 011 161: 1100631: 16 1: 8103 9 10150 10 1 06 vy 11021319

1511"0151 06avyypa¢ds dvemhfim'ovs eivat xal rip: xpdmorw xai xvpefau ”i s0l 09 B6fiafav rots 1repl 1611

'.o umelon-00001 dud 1 6 1 1311 01516311 ¢ 1Aav0pa$1rmv, 1101

61 1 The interval ofmore thanfivemonths betweenthe two dates preventsus fromidentifying the tbthd pw

‘

lrareferred to inP. Tor. 1 withthe presentseries of decrees,and it ismore probable that the 117000 1670010 there referred

towere supplementary of the present document,amongst other things ex tending

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20 7 5 3 7 11s PAPYR I

”more:are placedat thehead ofalist of c lasses spec ially ex empt fromhavingpersons quartered uponthem.

Another problemwhichc learly was engag ing the seriousattentionof theking was the pacificationof the d istricts whichhad lately revolted ;and someof themost interesting provisionsare concerned withthat subject (11. 147The proper administrationof the Crown land and Crownmonopoliesalsonaturally find an important place inaseries of decrees in whichfinancialquestions p layagreat part .

I t is impossible to turnfromthis really ex cellent l ist of reforms introducedby E uergetes I I himself to the stories abouthimwhichpass forhistorywithout feeling that there isaverymarked d iscrepancy . A s Mahafl'

yhas wellpointed out (Emoire of tirePtolemies, pp . 385 , the contemporary evidenceof this reigndoes not inthe least justify theabuse whichhas beenheaped upon

Eu ergetes I I byhis detractors, fromPolybius downtoM . R evillout,and whichreaches itshighest pitchinthemelodramatic narrative of Justin. The newevidence as tohis reignafforded by the present volume is stillmore inhisfavour. The problemis largely one of chronology, for if it canbe shownthattheactions attributed tohimbyhistorians did not take p lace at the timeswhichtheymention, there is good reason for doubting whether they took

p laceatall. The questionofhis supposedassassinationof the rightfu lheirto the throne,ayoung sonof Philometor general ly identified withE upator,is discussed onp. 554,and the doubtattaching to that story ex tends tomanyothers.

Col. i.

[3 001x 609] H10A6p0309 110230011 1000 Khan-151700 1) d86A¢1)1

[1102fidefltto‘o‘

kt Kheomi rpa1) 7 11111) 10139 m)[v[fiac dtrjav 1114111 09 dyvomui ‘mv dpapmflérhv [6’]y[t ui raw (1101 0v 11410 19] alr [1]€ w 11006311 16511 6019 0 1 06

7 00] 115 (610119)

[1113911 116311 Widow 611011111019 11112 l6poa'11M'

019

83 1102 10139 dmx exmpqx éru 6110 1 6 6’

v6x 60‘001

[A]15019 Kai ére'pa(1)9 1111 5119 Karaflopevopévow 619 [109 16709 6’

p

11{p]o9 af9 1102 1rp61'

6p0v 50-

011 1102

[rd] thrédx owa] drrpara0116 16311 8101-4. 1

dé 1'63[v 1

5 . R OYAL ORDI NAN CE S 2 1

x p6110119 17p69 7 6 7 811 017 111811 140000 111) 0117001111217)”N81!

7 51311 619 7 8 1707 11111811 [15172]p 1511

82 1102 7 [o]89 6¢60tow é9 7 1 1501"

7 8 0 7 2111 .

15 11027 811 fi (dpflifiqv) 1102 7 8 908410 7 111811) 1102 7 8 1101564011] 1102 709

1102 7 8 6170

10 1102 7 8 x 0[. .]7 1110v péxpt 7 9? 11? 7 6 11

1111100) x p6V[°lv

[8110109 82] 7 63V] 171389 7 1)[v] d17[6]1101p011 [01117 6]}1 17 111fi9

[7 179 1102 170p08(6f0'

0w) 1102] 7& (A)0

07111600) 82 [1102 a7 pa(7 17ya89) 7 6176[20 7 06 0157 019 7 111179 1[

7 817 6[M o1]v

[118 801170 [Tfi]? “Fifi? E] 171] 3109 [7 017 0157 00 xp6vov.

[17poa'7 67 éx 0]q1 88 1102

]aw 611611111011 6p[ .

7 6311 ¢11A1i110w

3. 0 of 01111117 1) corr. 5 . of [tn-pop corr. 1. 111611011. 0 of 11110018 11112 0077 .

Col. 11.

25 111782 67 01011601160q 6811 1121 6172 7 6 11 1101’ 8p[110 11

[flfli 7 139 7 1 7 6 11 1121 7 67 6Amv1711§v[10v1) 7 6311 0

’

170pp157 10y , 82 01107 6111 6172 7 811 810111177 1511.

[8140009 82 1102 7 089 1r6f1'

i1 611 7 179 176A6109 7 8V

[djyovo‘av 17 6£1)v 88811 170pay§[ 1102 7 089 0178 7 6311

30 [11011116311 1189 7 01v(09 017047 6231 111782 171100174111

[7 1 7 11617011 7 6611 1111110111

[81101109 82 17 6p]2 7 6 11 610074117 0011] 810 7 06 { 61111106 6’

11170p1'

ov

22 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

[ 1 7 letters] [217’

0]1’

17 1‘

i9 7 179 17 13 119 2171'

35 2117114119 [7111160010 ]

17po07 17 11x 0[01] 82 x ex knpovx qpéuow 17 11117 09 1102 7 089

7 811 lep811 7 1311 1102 7 2111 62011711 211 1266011 7 1311 2x 6117 0111

[17 ]c_i117 09 1102 7 089 20 1315 1111167 “ 2172 7 2111 540121 1112111) 1102 7 089 6260119

7 811 118 12101 7 1311 2x 0117 09 7 69 11001711060 1” 121703011

40 7 09 611 2x ov01 17Aq <611>1p11 12174117 0111 1102 0110007 7 16 011

7 09 20[v]7 o89 1102 170pa86117 {09] 21110117 017 2x ¢6p1o1120001 7 6 11 3019 7 00 110 (27 0119) x p6110111 11[ I 5 letters

111107 6 11 11119110 9.

[7 089 82 1102111946110119) (81110p015po119) 1102 (2177 0po15pov9)7 089

45 1102 7 089 dAo 9 7 089 211 7 171 011117

[1102 7 089] 1102 7 089 211 7 017 17 0M.

[11p07 ei ]11 611 1107 e0x 1i11001 11A6(p0111) 3019 7 017 (37 0119)01107 11710

[pfi7 ov]9 110201 2176 130 7 009 8117 09.

82 1102 7 06 6¢11Ao11€11011 Ae17 011py[1]1100

30. 8 of 111181 0071. from7 . 31 . 2. 7 18120001. 37. 1. 231011709.

Col. ii i .

[17po0]7 17 1ix001 82 7 811 lep]811 7 1311 11021189 0'

]M 09 lep[89 17po0680119

8170px 015009 7 019 2111079 11611111 [x vpflms 82

dwapofpa9 89 ékégfigflop 211 7 c 1102 7 6 11

1102 7 6 11 600157 019 82 1102 7 8 81701111719 10 x pfipara

131 8 211 7 00 fia(012\111017) 119 7 129 7 6 11 21p[6 ]11 1102 7 8

0v1111611pep€11¢

5 5 [21019 110 (27 0119) d17[0]81861101 687 6117 019 (819) e

’

[17 ]2 7 6 11 42010111, {0111 }1102 111710142

801154116111 7 1 211 7 0157 6 11.

5 . ROYAL ORDINANCES 23

11[17M2110 82] 17 0pa1pe20001 11170211 7 611 121112p6 112116 11 7 029 02029 [1427 8 Bflak1117182 [17210]01112

‘

y111711 [17 ]p0012y2111 7 029 17p0207 171160 1 7 6 11 lep6 11 17po0686 [

817 01 1160109) 131 7 69 88809 22p89 11[01lv6 111(x 8) 111782

07 2612010119) [11782 7 8 dp70(fi2210)60 8011312112111 211 7 6 11 81112p6 p2116 11 7 029 7 89 lep89 (0211081109)

0112[v]é{ 2111

2611 82 818 7 6 11 22p2’

[6 11

862160 82 11027 089 217 107 127 09 7 6 11 22p6 11 11027 089 8px 12p229 1102i2p[e29

17p69 7 2 7 8 217 107 07 1118 1102 7 89 17p007 1111§[0219 7 6 11

8001126 11 26 9 7 06 11

65 811026 9 82 1102 7 089 2x o117a9 211 7 029 22p029 y2p[0 171106117 220“] 9 1102

d8 ]8098247 01407 209) 7 611 6621801128 6 11 211 087 029 17p89 7 89 2172 2112019 1101p029

[Kap172209 26 9 7 06 11

811026 9 82 1102 7 089 178 2201109 110p17 220 { 1 } 9 2£2ynveyp2vov9 26 9 7 06 081106

x ]p611011 7 6 11 217 17 2116 11.

70 60087 6 9 82 7 089 211 7 029 28120000111 2211029 1102 7 0122019 1102 232601)7 p(0¢a29) 2]2p01122(o19)

1102’

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1011.

7 089 11pa7 o6117a9 7 01087 6 11 22116 11 1102 0[ 7 8 211 7 6 11

81112110112

28066 11 7611 8886 11 17po068[6 11 11028[17 ]o

75 ]11 27 20111 2172 82 7 6 11 7 [ ]11 7 029 1102

5 2. 9 of 7 09 corr. 0 of xhpamv 007 7 . froma. 53. Second 11 of 114 11181400 11)abovethe line. 54. 1. 0117 112q 65 . l. 211. 66. 1 of 2171 is covered by 2 of 2111019.

73. l. 81112116 11216 »

Col. iv.

[1rp00 7 2]7 1£x 001 82 1102 7 8 229 7 095811 7 06”

1117 109 1102 M 1801“ { 117 2211

211 7 06 fia(018 11106)

24 7 5 3 7 11l PAPYRI

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OTGOGQFéVOW. 60087 6 9 82 1102 7 6 11 8886 11 22116 11

7 8 8176 122112110 87 011001128 09 171106177 2209 1102 7 2110 1102 yp(011

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22116 11 171100686 11

1 7 11189 7 27 07 1121101 2202 112112111 7 029 2211029 11111126 9, 7 087 09 82

22112601 {118} 170p0x 6 p211 7 029 888019.

17p[0]07 27 8x 1011 82 211 7 6 11 8170px 6117 6 11 80886 11 7 6176 11 [211017611]

111517 2 1701121111201 111118211112.

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112[7 ]p019 [170]p8 7 8

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7 6 11

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X

[17 ]po07 27 8x 001 7 089 1102 7 089 2172 7 6 11 17p0(0686 11)1102

7 089 54018 111089) yp(0111107 229) 7 89 97 80110 ; 7 6 11 11[2]7 p6 11

7 06 0287 207 011 1701220001 170116117 6 11 7 6 11 1107 8 17800680119) 7 6 11

1102 7 6 11

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1107 068 7 2806 01 26’

27 171 2

1; (27 0119) 229 8880 7 p1’

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7 61 7 27 8p7 6 1

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5 . ROYAL ORDINAN CES 25

8’

211 7 81 x 8p0 17p89 7 029 2172 7 8(9) xa'x(pa9) 1770008061101

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81117 28631109 81 170p08220{o]v9

100 81 8880 07 000 81 178020 81 8880 7 1 1100’

7 11617011 182182111 11117026 9,1102 7 89

118 28 107 00712620001.

82 11027 89 7 27 01111209 [177089 7 069 7 26 707 069 [1100810219 [12112111

[11111126 9 2888810581 17 letters ]31.

79. 7 09 . 7 6 11 bracketed. 8 1 . l. 7 27 07712701. 83. l. 17p007 27 8xa0111.85 1101 beforeamyp(a<pc1acc) corr. from 211 of 1107 0112118[v0]¢11m1above the line.

870710116709 : the word 18above the line.

Col. v.

40 letters ]9ms 314018 a1137[ 30

828211101211 27

25 21’

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26 ]019 712318] 82

7 067 0 7 8 19 10117 09

1 I O 8224101101 811 26 9 (27 0119) 10 1107 20x 8]11001 82 7 811

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7 811 211 862021 8[ 27 letters 6 7 01

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‘m 11

1 15 7 2806117 [ 31

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twoor three lines lost.

Col. vi.

7 8 11008119117 0 7 28 171

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hand 17p007 2[7 8x 001 82 7 089 11v0119 7 6 11 Kano-1700742186 11135 1102 271[1721n1p10711211]6 11 021116 11 2811 229 7 8

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14 1. l. 217107 87 019. 142 . l . 7 029 for 7 6 11. 143. l. 7 029 for 7811. 145 . l. 61707 27 07712110119.

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28 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

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0217 of 810021711011v corr. l.amcwpax éw v. 193. 81above the line. 195.men

above the line.£ r i 711 101464» /M iv. 3.

5 . R 0YA L ORDINANCES

Col. ix . Plate I I I .26 9 7 017 110 (27 0119) 7 6 11 260110806006117 6 11 1711007 6116 11,

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Col. 11.

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5 . R 0YA L ORDINANCES 31“

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FRAGM ENTS.

T0ps of columns.

(0) toCo] . v ?l”remi x

17 011 1201001631)

Bottoms of columns or conclusions of sections.

(11)

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M iddles of columns.

(8) toCol. i.

traces of4more lines(I) toCol. i i ?

1 -

9. King Ptolemyand QueenCleopatrathe sisterand QueenCleopatrathe wifeproclaimanamnesty toall their subjects for errors, crimes,accusations, condemnationsand charges ofall kinds up to the othof Pharmouthi of the 5 z ud year, ex cept topersonsguilty ofwilfulmurder or sacrilege.

And theyhave decreed that persons whohave gone intohiding because they wereguilty of theft or subject to other charges shall return to their ownhomesand resumetheir former occupations,and their remaining property shallnot be sold

r—7. The restorations of the lacunae inthese linesare fromanother copy of thebeginning of these 1111007 6716 1 0as faras 6001 inl. 8,made by the writer of 1 ; see p. r.

32 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

The second copy is practically complete so faras it goes,and between6 1181111610 1 and011 16 11 inserts 10107 1000610 1 whichhas dropped out of the first owing tohomoioteleutonbut inother respects it is inferior, 21176020001 inl. 7 being corrupted into 107 1120001and171161 012 being omitted.

3. Cf. 124. 23-

4, the ex tract fromP. Tor. r quoted in introd.,and P. Par. 63. x iii ,

aletter of Ptolemy Philometor to Dionysius referring toa6186 101101 011 issuedmthe 18thyear Ofhis reignand beginning 817082801167 2: 178117 09 [[ 170n 1089 27 2mm211 7 10 111 87 11021

1100 17 8 8110117611006’

26 1 7 119 107 017 E0226.

4. The amnestymusthave been issued not earlier thanPharmouthi g of thesmd year, thoughhowmuchlater, ifatall, it is impossible to say (cf. Thementionof CleopatraI I is important, for ithas beenoftensupposed that shehad retired

or died before this date , 48 . 1,however, shows that she was still reigning inAtbur of

the 53rd year,and there is reasonto think that she outlived Euergetes, forademotic contract in the Rylands Library deciphered by Grifii this dated ‘

znd year, Phaophi 9, ofQueenCleopatraand QueenCleopatraand King Ptolemyher child, Philometor Soter.

’

6. Withthis regulationfor pacifying the countryafter disturbances cf. RosettaStone,ll. 1 7

- 8 17110027 04527 82 1101 7 089 211 7 2 7 6 11 110112116 11 110i 7 6 7 8886 11 7 6 11 888611110

61107 1108117 2» 211 7 07: 1107 8 7 9111 10p0x 1)11 110111029 1107 2806117 09 112112111 217 1 7 6 11 1826 11 117 11026 11. Severaldecrees of Roman praefects ordering persons 217 1 to returnhomeare ex tant ; seeB. G . U. 1 59and 37 2,and P. Gen. I . 16. For 8112112x 6 p111167 09 0f. 24. 34.

spelled 811011 by the other scribe (seeabove), who,however,has 130018 1301inl. 3.

10-

3.

‘And they remit toall persons thearrears up to the same period inrespect

of bothrents incornandmoney tax es, ex cept tohereditary lessees whohave given

1 1 For the conjunctionof 011 1111)1110000 11, the rent of the Crown lands,and 811711111117)1711600809 cf. e.g. P. Amb. II 3 1. 6.

ra. The difi'

erence between01 112111000m121 10 1101110161 and the other 7 20p lies

inthe fact that the former classhad leased Crownland onahereditary tenure foranindefinite period,as contrasted withthose whohad leased it only forashort termof years.I t is noteworthy that 800180101 yea11o oftenspeak of the landas belonging (mpxav) tothem, 0.g. 42. 10 ;and this would be quiteanatural ex pression if the right of cultivatingit washanded downfromfather toson. For 10 10000116 0 11 221 16 110111111611 of. C. I . G . 2694.

2 1 3x 20 211 1701111116. This reference to the customcalled ernphyteusis is interestingashelping to bridge over the gap in the evidence betweenthe earlierand later examplesof this practice , cf. M uller inA rc/11

'

s , I , pp. 440 sqq. M itteis, Zur Gert/1111112 def E rbpaclzl141127 1811111 That sureties were

necessary inthe case of leases 211 16 1 01111261 is not surprising. Foran instance of theirbeing called upontomake goodadeficiency of. 81. (0)377 .

14- 6. A remissionof thearrears due for various tax es.

14. Perhaps 7 1109 12, i.e. 111161 7 2, should be read for 1 1 001 2 cf. 1. 1 1 , where 111161

is usedafter 662180116 10 11. The first 1 is quite certain.B cf. 99, where large sums ofwheatandmoneyare paid for this taxand the 2171711064; (note on1. A land- tax of some kind isapparentlymeant, but it

does not occur inthe papyri concerning Kerkeosiris,and there is little evidence toshowthe nature of '

i t. In99 the payersappear tobe cleruchs, but there is no reasontosupposethat the z -artabae tax was confined to them. A comparisonwiththe tax es of rartaba

5 .

“

R 0YAL ORDINANCES 33 .

(98 .-2artaba(98 . and 1}artaba(81. (6) leaves little doubt that the 2artabae

are calculated upon the aroura,and perhapsall these tax es ranging fromartabato2artabae, towhichmay beadded the tax of 1artabaonthearomaup ’

onlepd y?) remittedby Epiphanes (RosettaStone, l. are different forms of one kind of land- tax , the8511 11811111 ; cf. note on 1. 59. I t is noteworthy that the article before 18 and the signfor artabais uniformly in the singular, and possibly n

‘

p (bwprafilaw) should be read,ontheanalogy of 816 13186 .

The 6118111111 1v wasatax formaintaining police,and the 11111581011 tax was connectedwithbuilding operations, beingamoney payment in lieu of personally digging somany11116810 : cf. P. Ox y. I I . pp. 296

—7 , Wilcken, I . pp. 259 sqq.,and note on7 8 . 9.

16. x vparutdv, thoughtempting, was certainly,not wri tten

,the 0 being clearand the

lacunatoo large for 1111.1 7- 8. A remissionof penalties incurred formaking false returns inconnex ionwith

the 611611011111,atax onvineyardsand gardens, onwhichsee note on1. 5 1 . The personspardoned are probably not the offic ials but the y201py01

'

, whohad to signadeclarationor oaththat theyhad shownall their produce (Rev. Laws x x vii), and th

whohad to signasimilar declaration that theyhad duly reported theamountsto the government. Cf. 11. 188—92 ,an0ther sectiondealing withfalse returns.

19—2 1 . Thismuchmutilated decree probably refers toaremissionof themonetary

liabilities incurred by the strategi ontaking office. From9and 10 we know that M enches,inorder to become komogrammateus,had to undertake themanagement of certainlandwhichhad gone out of cultivation,and was responsible for the payment ofaheavy rentto the Crown, besideshaving tomake other,andapparently unauthorized, payments tosecure the favour ofhis superiors. Probably all themore important offic ials hadto payheavily for their posts, asystemnaturally leading to that oppression of theirsubordinatesand of the tax -

payers whichruined Egypt under the later Ptolemies,andwhichthe present series of decrees was designed toalleviate cf. 11. 162 , note, 1 78 sqq.

2 2—7 .‘And theyhave decreed that the (officials of the custom-house)shallnot

nor seize goods unless they find uponthe wharfat theharbours of Alexandriasomethingonwhichdutyhas not beenpaid or of whichthe importationis forbidden; these theyaretobring tothe dioecetes.’

23. The correct positionof the fragment containing 6 11 2p and $11 7 1111 611811116 1 ,thoughundoubtedly belonging to the bottomof this column, is uncertain. Perhaps itshould be placed alittle lower down, inwhichcase the columnhad twenty-six or

twenty- sevenlines.26. 8511171217 11 is used inthe sense ofawharf ’

by Hyper-ides 0p. Poll. 9. 34.

27 . For dmippvrrainconnex ionwithcommerce of. Ar. E 9. 282 {5117074 11 7 1 7 61116e 0.

81011171411 : the chief of the finance administration, whohadhisheadquarters atAlexandria. I thas beenfor some timeapoint of dispute whether there werealso lomlofficials of that name. The papyri of the present volume, in whichthe dioecetes isclearly inmost cases the Alexandrianofficial,and whichconstantlymention the sameperson, Irenaeus, on the whole support the view of Revilloutand P. M eyer (112211 1121111,p. 3 1) that there was nevermore thanoneam:atatime inthe Ptolemaic period,

The list of 810111171 01givenby M eyer, ibid. p. 54, is far fromaccurate. The Chrysippusmentioned inP. Grenf. I I . 14 (b) isassigned byhim(p . 31) to theand ear of Philadelphus onthe ground that the810111171131 intheand year of Euergetes was Diogenes ( Inner. r. Ins. I I I . A Cairopapyrus

D

341133 10s PAPYR I

against that of Mahaffy (P. Petrie I I . p. ix ), G renfell (Rev. Laws, p. 1 andWilckenI p 493 that there were several. But it is not easy to seehow onemancould

have performall the functions whichdevolved uponthe 0101117 7 61 ,and inthe early Romanperiod there were 81111111101 who were clearly local ofi cials (cf. P. Ox y. I I. p. whilesome of the references to the dioecetes inPtolemaic papyri (e. g. P. Petrie I I . 20. 1i. 3)

aredifi cult to reconcile withthe view that the greatest official inEgypt ismeant. t is

noticeable regarding Irenaeus thathe was strategus of the Arsinoite nome beforehebecame dioecetes ; cf. 72. 242. His subordinateswere 61mm7 531 011111113021 (7 .

28—32. Likewise persons who travel onfoot up the country fromAlexandriaby theland-route whichleads and persons .crossing fromone tongue of land toanother shallhavenopayment ofany kind demanded or exacted fromthemex cept the legal duties.’

thisapparently refers to transport by ferry-boats. Thesubjec t of 11171117 1311 is the oflicials understood fromthe preceding section.

31 . 7 17111 111671161176 1 7 181217601 : there were no doubt duties oncrossing the frontier ofanomeas inthe Romanperiod ; cf. Wilcken, 011. I. pp. 354 sqq.,and Faydu Tm,

PP I 9S SQ‘}

33-

5 . Likewise ini

the case of persons importing goods throughthe foreignmartthe seizure is tobemadeat the custom—house '

The point of this provisionprobably is that the right of confiscating imported goodsonthe ground of their nothaving paid duty or for other reasonshad beenclaimed byvarious ofi cials not connected withthe 11687 ,and this right was now tobe confined to thecustom-house oflicials,aboutwhomregulationshad beenlaid downinll. 22-

7.

36—43. And theyhave decreed thatall recipients of grants of landandallholders of

temple or other land 811 6651711, boththose whohave encroached onthe Crownland,andallothers whoholdmore land thanthat towhichtheyare entitled, shall, ongiving up (i)theex cessand declaring themselvesand payingayear’

s rent, be released frompayments duefromthemup to the 5 rst year,and the legal tenure of theirholdings is guaranteed tothem.”

36- 7 . For land 1! 64162 11 cf. 11. 90, 1 1 2, 201, 27 . 5 5, 88 . 2,and 8 5 . 2. Themeaning

of this phrase whichhashithertobeenknownonly fromP. Par. 63. 1 77has beenthe subjectofmuchdiscussion. Lumbroso’

s view (R ec/lard er, p. 90) that itmeant land onwhichcertain tax eshad beensuppressed gains no support fromthe instances inthe presentvolume. Revilloutalludes toland 1541617 11more thanonce inhis Alf/anger but withoutventuring onanex planationof it. P. M eyer

’s suggestion(111111011111, p. 42)that itmeans

land artificially flooded by opening sluices is obviously unsuitable. The new evidenceis unfortunately besetwithdifficulties,and weare unable toofferasatisfactory ex planationof the term. Taking 11881711 inl. 37 inaninclusive sense, land is, we think,divided into (11) (6) 28q 1116, (c) thoughthis confiicts withP. Par. 63, wherekph76 is coupled withland 211 1141111111as if it was something distinct, so perhaps land ( 116412021 was limited to 1811110v and 11887 . What the 11881, contained is very obscure. Land311 666011 is clearly contrasted in 5 withthe 800181111) onthe onehand (cf. 27 . 5 5and perhaps with11316117 77 111 onthe other, thoughthe solitarymentionof the latter (I. rr 1;II , p. however, proves that thisC ppnswas 8101277 172 inthe 22nd yearof Euergetes. There isnothingwhatever toshow that Lycomeides (P. etrie II . p. 19)or Python no. 46 2)wereamend ,

and the latterates 2 8011181062mamaTothe rdevemes toApollonius should beadded Rev. Laws x x x vi ii .3,27thyear ofPhiladelphns (of. P. Amh. I I . 33.

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36 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

ml 17611 i rrl 17 6 11 6118011196 11 f 2ray11e'r16 11mx87popax ipov,and ll. 29, 30ml 7 037 388012 7 6 1

7 611 1 6151011131011 Onthe 21118110 01, who were the picked native troops, see Polyh. v. 8 2

7 0152 257182317 0112 7 0157 212 7 611 M 0112Bo11111611 rp617011 and Schubart

, Qaaesfione: dc7 16111 p. 59. The 1167711101, or successors of the old Egyptian soldier-easte,are oftenmentioned in papyri, and generally, ashere, in connex ionwiththeir 11861101.

172117 6povpo1 116x 111“ inthe third century n.o. occur onthe versoof P. Petrie I I . 39 (e),andalist of themis given inone of the new documents fromthat collection;andat Cairothere isafragmentary letter ( Inv. no. dated inthe 14thyear of Euergetes orPhilopator,about certainnewdpovpm[1.6m6 fromthe M emphite nome whohad crossed

over to the Payfim; cf.also 88 . introd. émépovpm111ix 111u are frequentlymentioned inthepresent volume, there beingalarge settlementof themat Kerkeosiris see App. i 3. Omipovpos 716x 916 are foundat Magdola81.

45 . rods 62p0p{2'

11m1s 111 1131 011117 Cf. 60. 26 7 611 62510112316 11 311 7 61 7 6 11 pax f(p.6 11)w vrdfc,and the passage fromP. Par. 63 quoted inthe previous note, where 7 23101 takes theplace of 0611-0511 . N eitherwordhasany special technical sense. Analternative towould bea for whichcf. P. Par. 63. 103 sqq. 61

‘

11111 n?» 111 1-111

07 1107 16 7 016 1 62410412316 11 11027 611 11106971 116817 2'

x dn17 6 11 rim) 7 6 11 7 06 5017 18111413] 2102116 6 1131110111 82

‘

11111 08 11 pct v. This passage ismisunderstood by Schubart pp. 62

whofirst identifies 01 7 6 1 07 1107 16 7 1261 6211151121101 with01 07 7107 21161121101mentioned inanotherpart of the papyrus,and thengivesan impossiblemeaning to W pa‘l’tvdptm(cf. note on1. Probably 01 7 6 1 arparmwfi t 611161111101 in the Paris papyrus isageneral termfor soldiers,applyingmore especially to Greeks,and therefore 0 rp]a(r 111-r11161 ishere lessprobable than bothbecause the native troopsare placed first, w ereas intheParis papyrus 01 £11 7 1711 apes-1117 11161 precede the ptix tpm, and because it is not likelythat this regulation concerned Greekmilitary colonists, since they were dealt within11. 36—43.

47 . dean-

7107167 01112 : cf. 61. (6)236—8 3x 2111 x86p[0]us dw xo60nfi[rovs

'¥1tal 0’xaf rpyopr'yfovs

11111 and with111-117 1815117 011: cf.also the pu sage fromP. or. I quoted on

p. 18. A similar decree occurs in124 . 25—7.

49. And they remit toevery one thearrears of the work- tax8117 00117 1116» occurs inP. Petrie I I . 39 (0)among the tax es paid by themilitary settlers

inthe Fayfim; cf. 102. 3. Fromitsname it seems tohave beenapayment inlieu ofprovidingpersonal service, like the naubion- tax . 8117 01111761at this period simplymeantaworkman,andhad no technical senseasat Athens.

50- 6. And theyhave decreed that the temple landand other sacred revenues whichbelong tothe temples shall remainassured to them,and that the temples shall receitithes whichthey used to receive fromholdingsand gardensand other land.

And inlikemanner theappointed sums or what they received fromthe Treasury forthe pay of the templesand the other sums granted to themup tothe 5 rst year shall be paidto themregularly,as inthe case of their other revenues (i),and no one shall beallowedto takeanything fromthese sources of income.

’

50. Foraspecificationof the tcpal 16 600801 see 8 . 20 sqq.

5 1. The same threefold classificationof the receipts of the temples into ( 1)the lepal17p60o8o1, (2) the 11116116 710, (3) the 0 11117 118111, is found in the Rosettastone, ll. 14

-

5

1 Our

oquotations inthepresent volume fromP. Par. 63are fromthe revised tex t of Mahafl'yand Smyly

inthe intr actiontothe thrrd volume of the Petrie Papyri .

5 . ROYA L ORDINAN CES 37

fi poaérafe 83ml rd: 1rpoo‘680vs rawlepé'w xal rd: 818011510 9 cl:m’rrd nar' e’vtaurovaw réfetsatruais' re11111 dpyvputds, 83ml rds 1100911060119 dr opofparmi: 6101's 63 6 re ri s 76: xal ré'w111111080v ml rawN ew n?» {mapfdnmv rots deci

'

e c’

1rl roii rrarpdsm’rroi ': pc'ww e’

rrl xa'opas. Thedistinctiondrawn between the 1111611011111and the ordinary lepc l 11,1611o is inbothcasesmarkedand is of considerable importance. On thehistory of that tax of A} (or insomecase1415)uponthe produce of vineyardsand 1111116611001 see Rev. Laws, pp . 1 19 sqq.,

Wilcken,pp. 1 5 7 sqq.and 6 1 5 . Inthe 23rd year ofPhiladelphus itwas transferred fromthe

gods tothe deified Arsinoe, i. e. itwas really transferred fromthe temples tothe government.Inthe 4thyearof Epiphanes the 611611011” was being paid toArsinoeand the godsPhi10patores(P. Petrie I I . and if the passage inthe Rosettastone quotedabove really implies that thewhole drrtipmpawas paid to the temples inthe reignof Philopatorand continued tobe paidto theminthe 9thyear ofE piphanes, the truthof the statement is opento grave suspicion(Rev. Laws, It is quite possible,however, that the xaaéxovmu 6116110111111mi: 0102:meanonlyapart of the whole proceeds of the tax , the rest being claimed by the government.Here too, where the questionis of paying the tax to the temples, the plural is used,whereaswhenremitting the penalties incurred by those whohadmade false returns inconnex ionwithit the sovereigns use the singular (l. I t is, we think, clear fromthe presentpassage thatanimportant change regarding the tax was enacted by 11. 5 1 -

3. Thoughtheconjecture is doubtful because the future infinitive is not usually foundafterwpoor erdxamin these decrees (thoughcf. 1. the use Ofadifferent verb in place of1115111 111 11141510:and the contrast between11: «7111113111101and 1 111 bnapxoéaar seemtous toimply thatthe king was doingmuchmore thancontinuing the ex isting state of things. Probablytherefore by this decreehe restored to the temples the share of the 1111611011111 whichtheyhadreceivedat some previous time, i. e. if wemay believe the Rosettastone, in the reigns ofPhilopatorand E piphanes, but of whichtheyhad beendeprivedat some unknownperiod

prior tothe date of this edict. I t is evenpossible that this decree restored thewhole of thea’népmpato the temples, inwhichcase 51111161110 11 refers to the time before thea3rd year ofPhiladelphus. But this is notapn'

orz'

likely ; nor, if the king gained nothing fromtheproceeds of the 6116111111111, canwe sowell ex plainthe interest shownbyhimin11. 1 7 - 8 withregard tofalse returns concerning it. Moreover the ostracashow thatafter the 5 2nd yearthe 6116111111111 continued tobe collected by the government likeanordinary tax , justas ithadbeeninthe years immediately preceding ; cf.Wilcken, 011. I I . nos. 1 234and 15 18 with354and 1 1 35 .

Inany case the evidence withregard tothe temple revenues supplied by this papyrusafi'

ordsanother argumentagainst Wilcken’

s later view 11. p. 61 5 ; onp. 1 58heagrees withthe editors of the Revenue papyrus) that the temples never lost the 1111611111111:atall,ahypothesis whichhasalways seemed to us"

wholly incompatible withthe elaboratearrangements introduced by Philadelphusand withthe '

unvarying testimony of papyriandostraoa. that the 1111611011111 was collected by theg overnment inthe same wayas the othertax es. The ex tent towhichthe Ptolemies, the pretex t of being themost importantgods, plundered the temples is well illustrate by ll. 245 sqq.

5 2 . 111-

61111 ishere used inatechnical sense, being practically equivalent to 111111118111.

A similar use of the termoccurs in120. 9and inone of the new Petrie papyri,apetitionaccusing certainpersons of breaking intoa111-61111and spoiling the grapes.

53. napabd cmv : onthemeaning of this word inconnex ionwiththe 6116110 11111 see Rev.

Laws, pp . 94—6

, and Wilcken, 011. I . p. 1 5 7 . Whenused inageneral sense,ashere,it included fruit- trees of themost varied kinds.

1511111111111 111 : this termis oftenused vaguely inthese papyri,meaning appointedcf. 11. 79. 149, 19 . 7 , 29 . 13, 61. (b)354.

53- 6. The constructionof this sentence,whichis partly corrupt, is obscure. ii 1! isnot

38 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

satisfactory,and 11111 11 cannot be read. Anadjective is wanted,and ineither case it isnecessary tosupplyaverb togovern11out of the preceding sentence.

54. Formapqw'n cf. 81. (6)19, 231 , 7 2. 240, 100. 14. Inll. 7 1 - 2 of the CanopusInscription, inwhichthe rpo¢vj for the daughters of the priests ismmtflqoope'rq by the1801111111111 1171111 in proportion to the temple revenues, cmv inmapwwom'mseems to

imply that the 111111111 was the result ofa111111811111 of some kind,and in91. (6) 231 awin 116 1mayhave the same force (cf. 1

'

61'

d. l. Buthereand in61. (6) 19,

72. 240and 100. 14mmdoes nothaveany collectivemeaningand differs

little from1111111111111. The technicalphrase land 1111717111111means land subject toadecisionof the dioecetes ; cf. App. i 8.

5 5 . 1111{o]818611111 161 111111111 : cf. 0. 46- 7. The subject of 11112 81861111 is people ingeneral,asomewhatabrupt change but quite intelligible inthe light of the following regulations.After 11116111 111, 61has dropped out, while the 1» of seems tohave beenwrittentwice,unless ( wpoedd)ov be read.

5 7- 6 1 . Noone shall takeaway by forceanything of whathas beendedicated to the

gods, norapply forcible persuasionto the superintendents of the sacred revenues, whetherderived fromvillages or land or other temple revenues, nor shall the tax onassociationsor the crown- tax or theartaba- tax be paid —uponwhathas beendedicated to the gods,nor shall the temple lands beworked onany pretex t, but they shall be left tobeadministered

5 7. wapmpc‘

iwm: cf. 6 . 35 , where the priests complainabout the very practice whichregulationwas designed to suppress.

1111611 16 11 this is further ex plained inl. 59 6m111-pas 0761 9ma. 111111111111 11111 1 1, 1. 58 whichis epex egetic of 1111-11filas being inaparenthesis. If 6m11611111,is connected withl. 5 8 the casesmust bealtered to the genitive,and the repetitionof lepas is veryawkward, The villages whichwere 1111111111mare very likelytobe identified withthe villages c

'v nvrdfnwhichare coupled withthose 81111111 inRev.

Laws x li ii . 1 2. 06111-11511 was the termused for contributions fromthe government to thetemples, e.g. inl. 54.

58. [11116]o dy1q u : cf. P. Amb. I I . 31 . 1 1 . Probably it wasaeuphemismfor torture.ro

‘

is 1rpo11mp16111 1611 11116 11 the temple revenues proper were or ought tohave beencollected byagents of the pri ests themselves, not by the government oflicials

(6. 44 but cf. 98. introd.

59. 111-1111 111K11111)61 7131 : cf. note on1. 5 7. The plural of y?) isalso found in6 . 3 1 .

Instances of lands dedicated to the gods occur in6 . 20and 63. 18- 2 1 .

11431] cf. 119 . I 1-1-2 (tr ip dprafitflas)ml 07 1141d mlmwoand the receipt for 111111111111111t in100. 10. The 1111111111111 would seemfromthe nametobeatax uponM ,

‘associations ’

; cf. themrd pe’por 30minQ. 24. Onthemedian:tax seenote on61. (6)254and 98and 94 ,andWilcken, I . pp. 295 sqq. Thereappearstohave beenmuchvariationintheamounts levied ondifi'

erent pieces of land of the samesize ;and since theholders of 11111q 76had to pay the tax the priests were tter

off thanotherholders of land 11 11416111 1 ; cf. 98 . 62-

3 sqq., where inthe list of pa4

ts

upon of the god Petesuchus the 1116111111111 isapparentlyabsent,and note on98 . 68.

11983 16 cf. 119. 1 1 quoted inthe previous note. Inother cases of theoccurrence of the word it is ormay be declinedasafeminine singular, e.g. P. Fay. Towns99. 13and P. Amb. I I. 85 . 9. Fromits use inthe Romanperiod inthese twopassagesand inC. P. R . I . 1 . 16 we concluded (notesad that 11111 6311111meantaland- tax ofoneartabaperarourauponcornland. That it was necessarily oneartabatoanaroura

5 . ROYAL ORDINANCE S 39

is not likely, thoughsuchatax is knownfromthe RosettaStone L 30 tohave beenimposed upon111111 for,as wehave said innote on1. 15 , the a’praflm’ais very likelyto be identified withvarious tax esmentioned inthis volume whichrange fromi artabato 2artabse onthearoma. But weadhere toour opinionthat the 11111 11311111, whichas isshownby P. Amb. I I . 85 and 86 was one of the 7 1611111 111111 11 , wasaland- tax uponcorn-

growing land. The question thenarises, what was the relationship of it to the111-1711114113, whichis supposed by Wilcken I . pp. 195 sqq.) to be the laud- tax uponcorn-

growing land? 1’

1r1yp114ri occurs below inl. 1 13 inapassage which, sofaras canbejudged, shows that some remissionof it wasmade to private land-ownersand ownersof land 111 1116611111 ;and in99 large payments incornandmoney for W 6and the2-artabae tax (cf. 1. 1 5 , note)aremet with. 27 . 99

—100mentionsan1111711114117whichwastobe paid insilver,and in48 . 12 sqq.aspecmimpost of 80artabae is c

’

rq q pamu'q inconnex ionwithavisitfromthe king; cf.also1241 35 . It isnot likely that inthe same papyrustwodifi

'

erentnames would be used for the same tax ,and therefore if 1111111911111 wasaregularland- tax uponcorn- land, 11 1-wow}musthave beensomething difi'

erent. Anexaminationof Wilcken’

sarguments for the identificationof 8111111111116 withthe land- tax inthe lightof the freshevidenceafi'

orded by the present volumehas brought us to the conclusionthathis theory of the land- tax ,however ingenious, willnot stand.Wilckengroups togetherasdifi'

erentformsof one land-tax 13 17111111113, {111111 6112 116111111,7 0010 17 102, 16amnotdiscussed). While ready towelcomeany suggestionfor reducing the gigantic numberofnominally difi'

erent tax es,we cannotaccept thisarrangementas satisfactory. Inthe first

place there isnogeneralword inthe papyrimeaning land- tax , the different kinds of landbeing subject tovery different kinds of tax es ; there is no real connex ionbetweenbr1ypa¢ rjand e.g. 611171 11101111116 11» atall. Secondly, the evidence of 98- 4 concerning the 7 111111171111,whichshows that it wasafix ed charge of 5artabairrespective of the number ofarouraetax ed, seems to us conclusive infavour of Kenyon’

s ex planationof that tax R ev.

x iv. 1 7 1)asacharge for theannual survey of the land. Dismissing the tax es whichhavetodowithland other thancom-land orare not of the nature ofaland- tax atall, thereremain two, lmypatfi;and im‘

pm, whichmay refer to corn-

growing land ; and those1611-1111, beingmerely paymentsonbehalfofatoparchy I . p. sd

'

oudnoinformationas tothe nature of the tax inquestion. Wilcken’

s identificationof dr rypmfit')withtheland- tax uponcornland, for whichheadmits (p. 197)there is no strict proof, is obtainedbyamethod of ex clusion. I t is knownthat the government received very largeamountsof corn, inwhichthe land- taxmusthave playedan important part. Withthe ex ceptionofafew instances suchas the 111611111111 1 inwhichthe name of the special tax ismentioned, tax -receipts for payments inkind donot characterize definitely the nature ofthe tax , but state either that it was 131 n)” lmypatfi vor {map 1611011or simply for suchand suchayear. Noother tax but the land- tax would,he thinks,he descri bed inthis indefinite way.

Not only therefore doeshe group togetheras payments of land-tax all themiscellaneouspayments of cornfor whichthere is noobvious ex planation, buthe thinks (p. 205)thatpracticallyall other tax es were paid inmoney, dismissing the ex ceptions suchas thet r immorainelst 1011111163andhump onthe ground that they were paid by themilitarycolonists, whomight .be spec ially favoured. This viewhowever is not supported by theevidence of the present volume, whichshows (e.g. 98and 94)thatalarge number of tax esconnected withland were pd d inkindand notmerely by themilitary colonists. Moreover,if it is necessary to findageneral termfor land-tax uponcorn-land, there ismore reasonfor selecting the 11mm, whichis knowntohave continued onintothe Romanperiodandtohave thenbeenone of the principal M uffi n, thanthe 111-M , whichhas not yet beenfound outside the Ptolemaic period. The words 111-1111111116and 111-1711611111 are,asWilcken

4a TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

rightly points out,used inthewidest significationwithregard to the ‘ imposition’

of burdens,including personal service,as inP. Par. 63, ormoney payments (cipyvparai c

’

w ypaoal inl. 62 of the Assouanstele). But the inference we should draw fromthe whole evidenceconcerning ém-ypofi ,

which,as wehave seen, was sometimes paid inmoney, is that it suitsaspecial imposition, inoriginatany rate designed tomeetanemergency,muchbetter thanatax the essence of whichwasaccording toWilckenpayment inkind. We think too

thatWilckensomewhat over-estimates the importance of the land- tax uponcom-growingland. The bulk of the cornreceived by the government was, we imagine, derived fromthe rents of the enormous royal domains, i.e. the 0 17 011) p io'aw tr whichis oftencoupled

withthe rip'

yupua) frpdooboc (cf. note on1. 1 1 and ll. 103 There is not, so faras wecansee, any necessity forassuming one big land- tax upon corn-land. The evidenceavailableat present points farmore toalarge number of tax es onland, of whichone, thedprafiu ia, seems toapprox imate to the land- tax ofmoderntimes, but was not necessarilymore important thansome of the others. The only objectiontomaking e

’mypadn’;meanaspecial impost is the frequency of its occurrence (cf. 99 .asand but the case of thecm’

gbrmcafi'

ordsaninstance ofatax whichhad its origininaparticular event becominganannual, or nearlyannual institution,and theoreticallyatany rate ércypmpv’; was probablyanex traburdendistinct fromthe ordinary tax es onland. Cf.also 124 . 35 rag earn0111d7mminflows)(mi)aw e)

60.m: v]6(m: cf. 1. 74 whichpossibly refers back to the presentpassage. T e technicalmeaning is obscure ; perhaps ithas something to do withtheprovisionofand»; or tools for cultivation; cf. 11. 231 sqq.

62-

4. And they remit to the overseers of the templesand the chief priests andpriests thearrears onaccount of boththe tax for overseersand the values ofwovenclothsup tothe sothyear.’

63. W :atax called { inward s or Jamar-1x 6! lepe'aw is knowninthe Romanperiod, the payers of it being generally priests ; cf. q flmTowns

, p. 1 76. Thishas beenusually ex plainedasapayment exacted fromthe priests for the salary of their citric-t rims(cf.Wilcken, 031. I . p. but thereare objections togiving tin-mm» that interpretationhere. Unless the release fromarrears ofharm-nut is confined tothe dpx u peicand lepe'iswhichisasomewhatarbitrarymeaning to impose uponthe Greek— wemust supposethat the e

’

rrw'

rdrat were themselves liable for e'

rrmarmdv,and the remissionof thearrearsof their salary would inany case beastrange kind of M ummy. Was the tin-marred!atax for the privilege ofhavingan3mm? That the priestly ofi ces were boughtfromthe government is knownfromother evidence ; cf.note on1. 65 . Onthat view of{amend the payment of it by the til -107 61114 would be quite natural,and the remissionofarrears upon itareal indulgence. The occurrence of the i rmarmdv paid by priestsand Marital ytflp'yot'along withthe ypappaf tx dv in97 ishowever somewhat infavour ofthe established view of e’rrw‘mflxdv lepe

'mv ; cf. 97 . introd.

t poovquflcas r ibs] Mot ion: cf. Rosettastone, 11. I 7- 8 rd» r’

sis rt) Beaches?» c unehoo”(no inrefs lepoi

'

s flurrrn'w v M ovie» dure'

kvaev fd 860 pc'

pq,and l. 29 61041117 0 : 83 (80. M ice)fi le finds rawpr)w nrrehw pimv ( Ir rd Bernhard» fivovr

'

rmv Monikaml 7 6»masherrpe'mrd upds 8 07 710110d animopafor 7 6 ! aim? » xpdnw,and Rev. Laws lx x x vu—c iv. Thepresent papyrus thoroughly supportsWilcken’

s view that themanufacture of fine clothwasagovernmentmonopoly like that of oil,andadds some new details. The trades of theW ot and 30017007)o were, as is shown by ll. 241

-

7 , carried on in the templesthemselves under the directionof the priests and for religious purposes, thoughtheproceedsmainly went to the sovereigns intheir capacityas themost important gods.

5 . R OYAL ORDINANCES 41

Hence the necessity for the provisionto the government by the temples ofafix ed numberof 6adm, or their value,arrears ofwhichwere remitted by Epiphanes (Ros. Inscr. I.a),andby E uergetes II according to the present passage. Besides the Mmpocand fivac ovpyotwehear of 1 611011101and rmmdrmr (11. 1 70 e

’

pwdx ivrat (l. andm'rrhutpot (l.These, too, were no doubt employed inagovernmentmonopoly, but whether they, likethehiwgbotand Bmovpyol, ex ercised their trade inthe temples, is not clear. The c

’

pwdadvratand i ris-hopes, who wherementionedare coupled withthehivvtpot and Bvaoovpyoi,mayhave done so. But the fréx uoocand f eminine;more probably did not, for it ishardly likelythat the temples wouldhave beenable to lookafter the whole weaving industry,and thedivisionof the Revenue Papyrus dealing withthe Monnpd onlymentions the priests twice.

Probably therefore only the finer processes were inthehands of the priests, '

especially the$ 15c manufacture.

65—7 2. Likewise they remit toholders ofhonourable ofi ces, or ofpostsas prophet or

scribe, or of other sacred offices inthe temples, thearrears owed in the temples for theemoluments demanded oncertainoccasions up to the 5othyear.

Likewise they remit the penalties incurred by those whohave ex tortedmore (thantheir due)emoluments up to the same period.

Likewise toholders of suchofiices inthe lesser temples, bothshrines of Isisandfeeding places of ibisesandhawk- shrinesand Anubis- shrinesand the like, they remit thecorrespondingarrearsand penalties up to the same period.

’

65 . Withthis difi cult sectioncf. ll. 80—2 , 8 . 2 1and 34,and 8 8 ,ayputpr)lepawmlflj i

'

wml r'mepévhecrovp'yurdiv (Kai)raw inapx dvrwv, P. Brit. M us. 3. I 7and twowoodentabletsat the Louvre (Wilcken, 0st. 1. p. 65 cf. z

'

bz’

d. p. Putting together the evidence ofallthese passages the relations of the governmentand the temples onthe subjectofnaps-«tat seemtohave beenas follows. Attached to the ye'pa, 1rpo¢meiat,are. of templesand shrines, werecertainrevenues or supe rior, whichmight be derived fromlrpd 76 belonging to the temple,or fromcontributions for the service of the temple, suchas the fiveartabae ofwheat paidtothe crocodile shrineat Kerkeosiris by the Baodtmol ympyot' (8 8 . 10 ; cf. 8 . or fromother sources. The right ofholding these lucrative ofliceshad tobe bought by the priestsforaprice fromthe government, whichoncertainoccasions, i.e. when particularly inwant ofmoney, demanded the return. ofapart, or perhapsall, of the supe rior. In 8the priests complainamongst other things that they were not receiving thempm‘

imtowhichthey were entitled, and the king issues orders to the officials to see that thecustomary duesare paid over to them. In 65 -

7 of the present documenthe remitsthe arrears on the xapm‘

iar whichhad beendemanded back fromthe priests, probablyin connex ionwiththe dptfiaabout the 4othyear (cf. p. and in ll. 68—9hepardons those priests who, tomake up for the exactions of the government upontheirown xaprrei

'at,had themselves ex torted toomuchfromthe tax payers who contributed

thempmim. Lines 70—2merelyapply the foregoing regulations to the smaller temmes.In11. 79—83,apassage whichunfortunately is very corrupt, the continuance of ex istingye

'

pa,amour-2m,are , whichhad beenpaid for by the priests, is guaranteed to them, buttheyare forbiddentopart withthese offices toother persons.

66.hu( rovpyfas): these are probably to be connected withthe vipe’

pac Retroup-yutal xwhicharementioned so oftenin8 8 ,andappear to beaburdenimposed onthe personswhopossessed (xpcmtv, cf. 1. 73)part of the shrines cf. introd. to8 8 .

70. M ommy iepois : the temples were divided into three classes, called the first,

secondand third ; see 1. 75 of the Canopus Inscr. Kerkeosirishad no temples of the first

rank (App. i 5 but contained several M oon ltpd'

(88 . 4 or,as theyare elsewhere

4a TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

(e.g. 80. 12) called, ‘second

’

temples. Those shrinesmentioned in88 whichownedno landatall probably belonged to the third class. The and beforeau tos does notcoordinate it wi th«Mm» hpo‘

is (cf. 1. 38, note), for the Isis shrines, &c ., were ormightbe (Macon lepd cf. the nex t note.

Iotao(s) cf. 88. 28, where 18h» rpo¢6 occursas the name ofa‘ lesser

temple ’at Kerkeosiris owning leper 7 5. In 8 8 . 53 the same shrine is called lfitorudtiuvml‘

Epgmi'ov, so the sacred ibises were sometimes buriedas wellas fed there. A fewmummiesof theseanimals were found inthe crocodile cemetery at Tebtunis fromwhichthesepapyri came

73—6 . The sense of this regu lation is beyond recovery. Withmi: 111mcs,

rotot'

rraw (i.e. r ?»anemiaum)lepau cf. 8 8 ,according towhichthe fifthpart of some shrineswas possessed ( x pc re'iv)by the persons who supplied thirty days’

workand cultivated theland, ifany, belonging to the god. The private ownership of temples wasamatter ofcommonoccurrence ; cf. 14. 1 7and the two woodentabletsmentioned innote on1. 65 ,whichare receipts for the purchase ofanM intand the s pasm-etaand landattachedto it,and A rc/11

'

s , II . p. 139.

77—82 . And theyhave decreed that the ex penses for the burialof Apisand Mnevisshould be demanded fromthe Crownrevenues,as inthe case of the deifiedLikewise inthe case of the other sacredanimals the sums required (shall be paid by theCrown). (Likewise) thosehonourable officesand postsas prophet or scribe whichhavebeenbought for the temmes out of the temple revenues,and of whichthe priceshave beenpaid, shall remainassured to the temples, but the pri estsare not permitted tomake overthese ofiices toother persons.’

7 7. Cf. Canopus laser. 11. 5 3- 4 nerd de' rc iimrd wpds fl)v e’

nflr’m«thi s (se. Berenice,the daughter of Euergetes I) stigmami r1)v roii wid ows M mJI M ml"$ 1i mania-1pml di rt r i i t '

A{wa]mi Manda(M me’c rlr yinodar,and RosettaInscr.

ll. 31- 2 r i'

u re'A.t e¢ml Marin M d e

’

doprjcaromi roi's N uts kpoi'

s ( 61011 roi'

r e’r Alysia-

cu

t ol d ( prismr i'

w t pdat’rroii Band i t» ¢puvr ifor irr e’p rawM msis]mind but sundr‘

114 r’

( is

78. rs. duorefleone'mv: the deificationof the reigning sovereigns brought themthe

verymaterialadvantage of beingable to divertalarge proportionof the temple revenuesto their ownuse, e.g. the dt dporpa(note on1. 5 1) cf.alsoll. 245- 7 , whichclearly showthe relative importance of the kings and the ‘other gods.’ Inreturn for this it wascustomary,as the instances prove, for the Crownto pay the ex penses connected withtheState funerals.

laps-v v: cf. the passage fromthe Rosettastone quotedabove.

79. rd W ipe” : cf. 1. 53, note;The sentence is probably incomplete, for it is clear fromthe paragraphusafter 1. 79

that ll. 80- 1' are not connected withwhat goes before but constituteanew sectionof

whichthe introductory wordsare lost. The fact that re; W ain: can). is writtentwice over suggests the following ex planation. Thearchetype fromwhichthese decreeswere copied probably ran

1 . domain s,hai rs : 83ml réiwN ew lepi iv (git-p rdW ritten

2 . xpr'mara? about thirty letters tracer» : 83mi

3. rd: inopaom'ms wpodmrciasml yv'paml «is rd lepd e’

x r ise

4. lap?» wpw ddov 6s cu r l .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

44 TE BTUN I S PAPYR I

sitologiand their clerks ( see below), weare concerned withthemeasurement of corn;Artabae of 40, 30, 29, 26and 24 choenices were knownfromdocuments of the Ptolemaicperiod, but none of these instances refers to the officialmeasurements of corn. Thepresent volumehowever supplies evidence to show that the normalofficialartabaof corncontained 36 choenices,ameasure whichis knowntohave ex isted fromthe equationoftheartabato 43modi i (Hultsch, Scr ipt. life/f ol. i, p . and is, we imagine, referred

to by c’v {ado-rmmp6 ; drrodedaype'vaatxa) pu'

rpahere, thoughanartabaof40 choenices isalsofound inofiicial documents cf. 81. (6)386, note. In81. (6)390 thekomogrammateus or other official responsible for that document converts the artabaeexacted byhis predecessors pt

'

rptp d pov, i. e.measured by the temple-measure, intoartabae box ing? pimp. The box ualv pe

’

rpas was, we think,another name for the official

corn-measure (cf. P. Par. 66. 26 "pa: rote Box rxo‘

is per-

pots raw dqaavpc'iw),and stood in theratioof 6 to7 to the dromos-measure. Perhaps theactionof the previous komogrammateisinusingalargermeasure thanthe officialone wasaninstance of that very practice whichthis regulationwas designed toabolish, the compelling of the tax -

payers inl. 8 7is,as often, qui te general) to paymore than36 choenices toanartabawhere the taxwas levied in corn.

dmypacpcims : by these cimypadx ‘

isaremeant the checking clerks whose signaturesarefound uponsitologus- receipts see P. Amb. I I 59and 60,and notesad 10a,and of. 8 9. 1 2 ,

note.

86. (irredrderb'pflmaurii): Cf. P. Amb. I I . 43. 9—10 pe

'

rpqr duraimranwpdg rd Bernhard»xahroi 'mperprjouml o'

xvrrihrj c Material .87 . r[. .]r x ]ns off]: xoilmks is possible,and thementionof xot'mes would be

quiteappropriate cf. note on1. but some qualifyingadjective like xaflr'flrovrus wouldthenbe ex pected.

88 .mtm} : t’rrl raw upo(066m): this office was oftencombined withthat of strategus,e. g. 81. (6)46and P. Amb. I I . 35 . 2 but oflicials whoare e

’

rri rs» rrpoo'ddew simmyare

found e. g. inP. Amb. I I . 31 . 2 ; cf. note on1. 1 59.

90. ehqpoaix ov: cf. note on1. 36and App. i 3.

91. The governmentallowed themeasures used by the sitologi tovary fromthe royalbronzemeasures (whether by toomuchor by too little or by either is not clear) to theex tent of twounits, whichare presumably fractions, suchashundredths of the xo‘

imé. Thevestigesat the end of the lineare too slight to giveany clue, espec iallyas the importantword very likely came inanabbreviated format the beginning of l. 92 .

93—8. And theyhave decreed that the cultivators of vine- land or gardens throughout

the country, if they plant thembetween the 53rdand 5 7thyears in the land whichhasbecome flooded or dry, shall be left untax ed for five years dating fromthe timeat whichthey plant them,and fromthe si x thyear for three yearsmore they shall be required to payless thanthe properamount, payment beingmade inthe fourthyear, but fromthe ninthyear onwards they shallall pay the sameas the other owners of land ingood conditionand that cultivators inthe country belonging toAlexandriashall beallowedanex trathreeyears’

grace.

’

94.as : the reading is very doubtful, for there is roomforanother letter before aandthe supposed may be e.

xarax eeflvohu'mt : cf. 5 6 . 6.

98. I t is notmade clear whether the ex trathree years’

indulgence granted to theAlexandrians is tobeadded to the five years of total ex emption, or to the three years ofpartial ex emption, granted to the inhabitants of the xa'opa. The use of x e

'

opawithreference

5 . R OYAL ORDI NA N CE S 45

to the land owned by the Alexandrians just before }; x épais contrasted,as sooften, withAlexandriais curious,and is perhapsanerror of the scribe.

99—101 . And theyhave decreed that those whohave bought fromthe Crownhouses

or vineyards or gardens or other (holdings ?)or boats oranything else whatever shall remaininundisturbed possession,and they shallnothave persons quartered intheirhouses

100.mea: probably thearchetyp

e contained some word like swim-m(cf. l. 5 2)atthe beginning ofaline, but the copyis 8 eye caughtand of Irmomt’womat the beginningof the line following ; cf. 1. 163, wherehe obviouslyomittedaline, but remediedhismistakeintime,and l. 79, wherehe omitted one lineand copied the nex t twice over. It is notlikely that erode isacorruptionof some verbaladjective like “ cams capable of beingusedasawants: for inthe Petrie Papyri only 01111111andmpifiohaare used for unapol,while inl. 101 only oix t

'at,and in11. 1 75 - 6 only olderand N a66mm(i . e. buildings),arementioned. Cf. the nex tnote.

101 . firm-1110711610004 : o-rodpolor free quarters wereassigned to themilitary colonists inthe Fayuminthe third century as wellas toofficials,andare oftenmentioned inthePetrie Papyri see the series of decrees relating to “ new: inArabia, 1. pp. 285 sqq.,andcf. Schubart, Queer/than, pp. 10 sqq. Paul M eyer

’

s view that the «was: was the sameasthe shapes (Heerwmu , p. 43)is not worthdiscussing. Thoughthis passageand ll. 168sqq.

show that the practice of grantingmayo: continued to prevail inthe second century,nomentionof themoccurs in the numerous papyri relating to themilitary colonistsat Kerkeosiris. The great difi culty inconnex ionwiththemotor is that they were notmerely inthe towns,as Schubart (Quanh’ones, p. 1 3, thoughwithaqualificationinanote)considers, butalso inthe villages,as is indicated by the decrees concerning themayorofthe bunti whohad beendeprived of their xhapot (Mahafi'

y, A rr-111i), I . pp. 289

-

90)andas isshownmore clearly by some of the new wills in the forthcoming third volume of thePetrie Papyri .

102-

3. A regulationguaranteeing the continuanceof ex istingmmalmums, or leasesof Boomer) 76 forarent payable incorn cf. note on1. 59. For [spasms. r ep

-

7065 ] cf.81. 6)1 2.(

There is nosignofanew sectionbeginning before 1. 1 19.

106—7 . Cf. ll. 96—7 .

1 1 1 . new : this is the only reference inthis papyrus toland inprivate ownershipc f. note on11. 36—7 . The sense ofthe passage seems tobe thatholdersof private landandof land I: ciqk

'

rmobtained some remissionof various kinds of land- tax es. One’m‘

yputpr'

y inl. 1 13 see note on1. 59.

134—8 : 147

-

54. And theyhave decreed that owners ofhouses whichhave beenpulled downor burnt shall be permitted to rebuild themaccording to the prescribedmeasurements.

And that persons whoownprivatehouses inthe villages shall likewise beallowed to

build up theirhomes to theheight of and rebuild the temples to theheight of 10cubits, ex cept the inhabitants ofPanopolis.’

147. The contrast betweenthese twosections lies, we think, inthe fact that the first

concerns persons whohad onlyhalf of theirhouses to themselves, the rest being occupiedby the persons quartered uponthem(cf. ll. 1 76 while the second refers topersons whocontrolled the whole of theirhouses whichwere therefore private.

’

ni

ptoc is the technicaltermused inone of the decrees concerning the c

’m'oradpos (Mahaffy, Arabic , I . p. 287)for

4s TE BTUN IS PAPYR I

the owners ofhouses of whichhalf was givento the Thementionof stance inthe second sectionand not inthe firstmust not be takento imply that the first concernedonly the inhabitants of rrdhm‘

,for there weremayorinthe villagesalso; of. note on1. 100.

148. so. by the t100ps of the king inputting downthe revolt of theThebaid cf. note on1. 1 53.

149. e’

rri rd (corrected fromfor): we suspect that thearchetypehad rev

f. l. 135 , whichhas sir rd,and 137and 153.

153. Onrrijxvs cf. note on18 . 13. The ex clusionof the inhabitants of Panopolisfromthe benefits of this decree was no doubt inconsequence of theirhaving taken thechief share inarevolt,andmost probably this passage is to be connected withFrag. x ofthe ex cerpts fromDiodorus found inanEscurial M S. (M uller F rag . Hist. Grace. I I .pp. x -i x i)aboutaninsurrectioninthe Thebaid inwhichPanopolis played the leading part,being ultimately reduced by the kingafteraprolonged siege. A difi cultyarises,however,as tothe dateat whichthat revolt ofPanopolisand the Thebaid occurred ; for the ex cerptfromDiodorus places it later thanthe revolt of Dionysius, but prior to the restorationofPhilometor, i. e. betweenthe 1 1 thand 18thyears of that king ;and it ismuchmore likelythat the revolt of Panopolismentionedhere refers torecent events thanthat inaseries ofM me issued thirty- five yearsafter the restorationof Philometor theancient crimesof the inhabitants of Panopolis were still rememberedagainst them. There is,however,some reasonfor thinking that the ex cerpt fromDiodorus describing the revolt of Panopolisismisplaced. There isnot verymuchtimeavailable for the revolt of the Thebaid, especiallyas wehear ofonlyoneW enrokcpa‘ior inconnex ionwithits suppression,and the periodof E uergetes I I

’

s sole reignafterhehad drivenout Philometor canonlyhave lastedafewmonths. We prefer to ex plain the coincidence of thementionof Panopolis in bothpassages byholding that the ex cerptor or Diodorushimselfmisdated the revoltmentionedinFrag. x , rather thanby supposing two revolts of Panopolis. Inany case the outbreak indicated by the present passage probably took place eitherabout the 48thyear,whenit is known, e. g. fromP. Cairo 1035 1 (A rabia, 1. pp. 59 that the Thebaid wasinadisturbed condition, orabout the 4othyear, whenthere wasageneral M iawhichmay be connected withthe supposed revoltheaded by CleopatraII , thoughthat questionis involved inmany difi culties (cf. p.

138- 61 . No one is to collectanything whatever fromthe cultivatorsand

the tax -

payersand the persons connected withthe revenuesand thehoney-workersand therest for the benefit of the strategi or chiefs of the phylacitae orarchiphylacitae or oeconomior theiragents or the other ofi cials.’

I 56. imoreha‘i r : Cf. ll. 2 10, 223,and 244,and ’

P. Par. 63. 97 for): t'

nroreheis r ij t re lxflwpasrat (maps.ml rats 511mants. The word is used inthis papyrus withespecial referenceto those whoworked for the governmentmonopolies ; cf. 40. 24, whereatax -farmer iscalled fmord éc,and onthe general questionofmonopolies see note onL 170.

e’

rrmmhrype'mrats srpooddots f cf. 1. 2 1 1. Inboththese cases the word is used for

persons whoare woven into the revenues, i . e. produce them, the reference probablybeing,as witht'nror ekd'w, to those employed in the governmentmonopolies, suchas the{hump-yet. In6 . 39 e

'

rmrhe'x u v { carous rat's 1111006801: occurs inthe sense of peculating.

1 5 7. The specialmentionof themhwow pyotpoints to themanufacture ofhoney (theancient substitute for sugar)onalarge scale inEgypt,and to the great importance of theindustry tothe gow rhment. Probably it wasagovernmentmonopoly like themanufactureofoil; of. note on1. 1 70.

1 59. The di fference between the tin-taverns M ann?»and the dpx toohm’mc lay inthe

5 . ROYAL ORDINANCES

fact that the former washead of the police ofawhole nome, while the latterhad onlyavillage underhis jurisdiction cf. 48 . 6 and 9, whichillustrates the distinctionclearly.

The dpx rdwhak ifmandwhack-m, while performing ordinary police dutiesandas suchoften

appealed to incases of violence, e. g. 41,had important financial duties inconnex ionwiththe protectionand inspectionof crops ; cf. 11. 188 sqq.and 27 , where we find the oflice ofripx r¢vhax fflyr coupled withthat of olxowdposand that the principal functionof these ofii cerswas themw xada(27 . 4and The oeconomus, who inthe third centurya. c. wasthe chief revenue ofi cial inanome, inthe second century sank toamuchless prominentpositionowing to the rise inimportance of the epimeletesand the change inthe functionsof the strategus, whobecamealmost entirelyac ivil functionary, oftencombining withhisofi ce the post of in} far wpoc éllm; cf. note on1. 88.

160. this wpbs rai s wpaypareimr :ageneral phrase forall government omcials, like oi r r'

r

flood ed rrpcyparwdprm(P. C tenil I I. 37 . or 01£111 xpruiiv rcraypr'rminl. 162 cf. 1. 3 56.

144- 6 : 1 62- 7 .

‘Neither strategi norholdersofoflicialpositionsnor their subordinatesnorany other persons whatever shall take the richest Crownland fromthe cultivators byfraud or cultivate itat choice.

’

162—7 . For land indprrfi Cf. Hesych.a'prri ‘

e’

u dprrfi for ty . riper ri'

ww‘

ripcralmw,

c'v cipcq

‘

jhem. The ofi cials were often, perhaps regularly, required,asaconditionofholding their posts, to reclaimacertainamount of unproductive land cf. ll. 19—2 1

,note,and 10. and this regulationmeans that they were not todefraud t eHoodlum)yeapyoc

bymaking themgive up their good land tothe ofi cials inex change for inferior (cf. P. Amb.

I I . nor to cultivate the best land themselvesat their ownchoice. n)u 1paperj ‘ «grimyBaumnlp fly is the object of bothverbs.

163. The writer clearly omittedaline, butnoticedhismistake intime cf. notes onll. 79and 100.

168- 77 .

‘ The following classes, the Greeks serving in thearmy, the priests, thecultivators ofCrownlands, the all the wool-weaversand cloth-makers, the swineherds,the gooseherds,andmakers of oil, castor-oil,honey,and beer, who pay the propersums to the Crown, shall nothave persons quartered in the onehouse inwhicheachof themlives,and inthe case of their 0ther buildings whichmay be used for quarters, notmore thanhalf shall be occupied for that purpose.

’

168. barrio-trim: Cf. notes onll. 101and 1 74.foals "moraines 'mqm: "M 0001here,as inRev. Laws x x iv. 6 fl?» "part w

pc’

n» cal nib d ispose cm” , isageneral termfor persons belonging tothearmy, whether onactive service or not. The verb isnot infrequently used inthemorelimitedand natural sense ofactive service, e. g. P. Grenf. I . 2 1 . 3 far p i p 1mmi t}? 05

orpam'npcn The arprmvdprmwho occur in P. Par. 63. 1 75 ashaving their cattleimpressed intothe service of the statemay wellhave beenservingaway fromtheirhomes,like the forcesmentioned inll. 20 sqq. of that papyrus whose complaint gave ri se totheletter of the dioecetes, thoughamore general interpretationof ovpmximvor is there too

curi ous that Schubart,after ex plaining orpaflvdmvot quite correctlyonp. 2 1 ofis (p. 65)ledawaybyhis identificationof the “W yn-or inP. Par. 63. 1 75

withoi i s» far “ parental 16m(pepdpnor in l. 103, and by the fact of their beingcoupled withthe péx rpor, to suppose that in the z ud century n.c. orpamadpemwas thetechnical termforaclass of native Egyptiansoldiers whose only distinction fromtheprixqmwas that they were called toarms on special occasions, whereas the pdx qmwere eitheralways underarms or were soldiers inthe sense of the d qpoaxocand x émxoc.

48 TE BTUN IS PAPYR I

Thismethod of ex planationby whichthe same termismade insuccessive centuries to'

meantwo contradictory things is not tobe commended,and nothing could be further fromthe legitimatemeaning of orpar réeaaar, or,as the present passage shows

,more wide of the

truth, thanto suppose that the o'rpar evripevor. were distinguished for performing lessactiveservice thanother soldiers,and that they were native Egyptians ; cf. 61. (6)79, where theex pressionMax ebdwrr

’a'w orparevom'mv r’

v roi'

s o'

vyyew'

rrr 7 631! xaror'xmv inwe'mvoccurs.Under the generalheading ofavparw épmr ‘

Eq are, we think, included not onlythe «67 011101andmembers of the e

’myom; but themor,who received pay instead ofanassignment of land andare very likelymeant by raw i t far orpammx sc

n)u rivayxar'av rpo¢f7v M rs i xdvrew a’rroré'

w infor? fiamkurofii] flOfpé'mv inP. Par. 63. 103-

5 .

"Enqui re is probably to be taken in the widest sense,meaningall non-Egyptiansoldiers,whether Macedonians, Cretans, Persians, &c. cf. the opposition betweenGreeks andEgyptians in11. 207- 20.

1 70.mi roils .]s : there is not roomfor [xaroixov]: or tosaynothingof.the fact that the x rimxorare probably included under the orparevdptvor "3mm. [atria]: ispossible ; see below.

Themin/omand rampéwar workedat the governmentmonopoly of the 6007 117516 ; of.note on11. 63and 249 sqq. The c

’harovpyol ( i. e.makers of sesame oil chiefly)and rump-yo:(castor-oilmakers) were, as is known fromthe Revenue Papyrus, also engaged inagovernmentmonopoly ; and this gives rise to the question,wereall the workersmentionedinll. 1 70—

4 employed inthe governmentmonopolies ? That the connecting link betweenthemand the basis of their special immunity fromc’rrlornflpor was the importance of theirservices tothe government, whichwould suh‘or financially if they were interfered with, therecanbe little doubt.

The ”710500o inl. 1 72 were, we think, Bummai xvvofiooxor',and that goose- farmingwasagovernmentmonopoly is by nomeans improbable. The only document whichgivesinformationabout xnvofiooxol inthe Ptolemaic period is P. Petrie I I. 10 apetitionfromthe Baarltrxoimuofioonol tothe oeconomus complaining thatademandhad been‘made uponthemto supply for the fine or entertainment of some distingu ished person { 6 11mm]pipos rawe’mfiahhope'vmvminim rois i v for 1107160”711030041029, whereas they onlyhad thegeese ofhalfapepr's under their charge (1. 20 out farim17pmpopiaoc),and therefore it wasnot fair toex pect themto supplyhalf the number of geese whichhad been imposed uponthe whole nome. Not only is that papyrus quite consistent withthe view thatall xnvofioovror'were Brunhucol, but the fact that themvofioaxor' of thenomehad, whendistinguished peoplecame to the Faytlm, tosupply geese ismore intelligible onthe theory ofamonopoly thanonthehypothesis that the geese were partlyowned by the king, partly by private individuals.

Concerning the status of the {tarpopfloi and pokwmpyot there is unfortunately noevidence. The formermay,however, wellhave stood inthe same positiontowards thestate as themmfioamot, who in the present passage immediately succeed them; andthemanufactureand sale ofhoney,as wehavealreadyhad occasion to point out (noteon1. was very likelyamonopoly. There remains the questionof the {or-moi .

Onthis subjectweare somewhat better 06, for thereare numerous references inpapyriandostracato the {mphdun), whichyieldedavery large revenue to the government ; see

P. Par. 67 . 10 and P. Par. 63. 97 , where the {marshals of the {mp6 and lxavq arespec ially singled out for immunity,as we think, fromymp-ytaBamJtm’, (cf. noteon61. (b)because their services to the state werealreadymuchtooprofitable tobe interfered with.Another document whichthrows some light on the position of the {moral is

P. Grenf. I I . 39,aseries of receipts, covering one year, foramonthly ¢6por of five talentsfromtwo (moral. There is little doubt that this (Mp0: was the tax farmed under the nameof

‘the (mp6an} ;and intheabsence ofany particular reasonfor believing that the beer

5 . R 0YAL ORDI N AN CE S

manufacture wasamonopoly of the government, the paper in that papyrushas beenex plained (P. Grenf. I I . p. 65 , Wilcken, Orr. I . p. 373)asatax uponthe profits of privatebeer-manufacturers. But there is not the least difficulty in supposing that the beermanufacture wasagovernmentmonopoly, like that of oil. I t is true that the positionofthe {worroroi whoappearas payinga¢6pos is di fferent fromthat of the r

’

karoupyor' intheRevenue Papyrus whoweremerelyhired todo spec ified workatadaily wageandashareof the profits (Rev. Laws x liv. 1 andhad nothing todowiththe sale ofoilor withthecontrol of the proceeds,and consequently were not subject toa¢6poc ofany kind. But

there is no reason to think that everymonopoly was arranged on exactly the sameprinciples ;and the governmentmay wellhave preferred inthe case of beer tohave leviedfromthe (amoral whoworkedat the Bamkurbv (wovpye‘

iovadirect ¢6pos upon theamount ofbeermade or sold, rather thanadopt the complicated systemresorted to inthemanufactureof oil. To the objectionthat we should ex pect tofindmore evidence for thismonopoly ofthe beer-manufacture, if it really ex isted, there isanobvious retort that thoughtherearefarmore numerous references inpapyri tooil thanthereare to beer

,no one couldhave

guessed fromthe ex isting evidence that themanufacture of oil wasamonopoly, if theR evenue Papyrushad not shown that it was so. Inany case it ishighly improbable thatthe governmentallowed so importantanindustryas the beer-manufacture clearly was tobecarried onwithoutagreat deal of control; and even if the (maozfawas not technicallyamonopoly, we suspect that so largeaproportionof the profits found its way to theTreasury in the formof licencesand Mp0: that it wasas lucrativean industry to thegovernmentas those whichwereactually statemonopolies.

The conclusionwhichwe therefore draw fromthe list in11. 1 70—3 is that these werethe industries whichwere themost important financ ially to the government because theprofits of themweremonopolized, eitherabsolutely or practically. Inone of the two

lacunae (ll. 1 70 or 1 7 2)were probablymentioned the fishermen. The lx0vqp¢i is coupledwiththe {mp6 inP. Par. 63 (seeabove),andas the ( ” 010i arementioned here weshould ex pect the fishermen to occur too. Moreover they like the (w orrorot'had to paylarge sums to the state, witness the receipts for the tax called rrrdp

‘n) dktlwv, inwhichthereis one instance ofapayment beingmade Boothe? (Wilcken, Orf. I I . no.

Whileacknowledging thatagovernmentmonopoly of the fishing industry is notper re

atall unlikely, Wilcken I . pp. 137 sqq.)decidesagainst suchaview of the f er-6pm

dku'mv onthe ground that it is sometimes calleda«wasand thatatax of i on the profits

of fishermen is nothighenough. But inthe case of the oilmonopoly the cultivators whogrew sesameand crotonand sold it to themonopoly- contractorsat 8 drachmaeanartabafor sesameand 4 drachmae for croton,had topayatax inkind (Rev. Laws x x x ix . 14 sqq. ;

inlix . 7 it is called arace)amounting nominally to but really to 4} (cf. A flzmwum,June 2 7 , 1896) upon the value of their produce. G rantedamonopoly of the fishingindustry, the fishermenwould stand injust the same relation to the governmentas thepeople whogrew sesameand croton. The weak point of Wilcken's objection to the view

that the fishing industry wasamonopoly is that it proceeds on theassumptionthat theprofits ofamonopoly came fromthe persons who produced thematerial, whereas by farthe greater part of the profits were of course derived fromthe consumers. The tax ontheproducers of sesameand crotonmight very well be calleda"Trimor «firm,

and it wasof comparatively small importance compared withthe profits whichthe governmentmusthavemade onthe sale of the oil ;and similarly, if the fishing industry wasamonopoly, the“flip

-fl) di d.» was ofmuchlessaccount than the profits of the sale of the fish. So far,therefore, fromthe ex istence ofatax of i of their produce uponfishermenbeinganargumentagainst their industry beingamonopoly, the exact parallelismbetween theirpositionand that of the producers of sesameand croton isall in favour of the opposite

E

TE E TUN IS PAPYR I

view;and considering the general probabilities of the caseand the evidence frombothHerodotus

’

timeand the present day, we prefer to think that the Ptolemies were notbehindhand inutiliz ing to the full soobviousand sovaluableasource of revenue. To thelist of governmentmon0polies is probably to beadded the sale of M W , of whichtheprice was regulated by the government like that of oil (8 5 . and perhapsalsothe nrpw '

y (40.

1 74.«rat‘s "roam. famarinara-asis fafiac dturév is to be taken inthemost general

sense,applying toall the di fferent kinds of payments required of the foregoing classes.

Similarly «tumor-dams covers bothkinds of “ caper, the temporary lodgings togovernmentofi cials (P. Petrie I I . p. and the permanent «mayo: given tomilitary colonists,apractice whichprobably continued inthe second century, thoughwehave no details onthe subject ; cf. note on1. 100. To the fl paf evoptvm”

Emi r “, whomight themselveshave receivedmomof the latter sort, the regulationonlyappliedas regardsmomof thefirst kind.

1 76. f f» 8’

for Booty“ : strictly this sentenceapplies only to the other buildingsbelonging to the classes whohad immunity frominfo-manoras regards onehouse. But it

ishighly probable that the classes whichwere not specially privileged werealso liabletogive up notmore thanhalf theirhouses tomacaw ,

forahalf was theamountassignedto311i bya1111601117710 ofPhiladelphus (Mahafi'

y, A rc/xiv, I . p.

1 78—87 . And theyhave decreed that the strategi and the other ofiicialsmay notcompelany of the inhabitants of the country towork for their private service, nor use theircattle forany purpose of their own, nor force themto feed calvesand otheranimals forsacrifice, nor force themto provide geese or birds or wine or cornataprice or ontheoccasionof renewals, nor oblige themtowork without payment onany pretex t whatever.’

182 . c'a-apeu ‘

iv : cf. 1. 25 2. This regulation, whichhas to dowiththe Ginaprovidedfor o

lificials, follows naturally upon the regulation concerning the provisionof c r eam:

for t cm.183. empty -

raw is usedapparentlyasastronger formof i fs-«Baum. It is followedhereby an infinitive, rpc

'

dx w, but in11. 184—5 by direct accusatives and in l. 249 by anaccusativeand dative.

184. wasfi ne : foranillustrationof the process frrrpb rtw xfimsee P.Petrie I I . 10 ( 1)discussed innote on1. 1 70, thoughthe demand for geese was probably inthat caseanauthorized one,and this regulation is only directedagainst illic it impositions by strategiand other officials subordinate to them. The ofi c ials of the centraladministration, e. g.

the dioecetes, nodoubthad the right of demanding fc'mr wherever they went, like the kinghimself (cf. 48 . That they claimed this rightappears very clearly fromP. Grouf. I I .

14 aletter relating to the 56mprovided for Chrysippus the dioecetes inthe z 2ud yearof Euergetes I , whichmentionshw rropérorror, x ijns, 81112069and rrrpw rptdei

'

s,and fromP. Cairo10250 (Archiv, I . p. areceipt for 1000artabae of cornbought for the dioecetes inthe2othyear of the same reign. Cf.also 83 . 1 1 ,and the petitionof the priests of Philae(Strack, Dynastic d. Ptolemder

, p. writtennot long before the present papyrus, complaining of the wapovc iru whichtheyhad to provide for the strategiand other ofi cials,andthe payments for rrapovm'aor coin) in121. 95 , 122. 1

, 17 9 ,180, 182, 25 8

185 . flai r : ataprice.

’ Withthis abrupt ex pression cf. ripar in l. 194.andperhaps l. 20. Nominally the 55mwere bought, like the corn compulsorily suppliedto the Romantroops (P. Amb. I I. p. but no doubtat less thanthe proper value.

Cf.also the nex tnote.

186. «imam: is difficult. Not improbably it refers to the presentsmade to the

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2 TEB TUN IS PA PYR I

to eachnome was to be distributedamong the different classes of land-owners. Theakqpofixoc seemtohave ex ercised some choiceas towhether they would grow oil-produc ing,

plants or not (cf. note on 1. buthow far this .applied to sesame and croton is

uncertain.196. rropc

’

iaisageneral termformeans of transport ; cf. 112. 72 varikov troprt'aw

,

208 nopetotsml fi r-trots, 195 and P. Petrie I I. 39 What the «rowd y-roe refers to

we cannot say. fay éfaxokovam'mw , sc. wpoc f ipwv (cf. ll. 132—3and is governed bydnohfio'at.

197—9. Likewise that persons whohave failed to provide reedsand lightmaterial

for the embankments (are released fromthe penalties whichtheyhave199. For optionand roamused inconnex ionwithembankments see P. Petrie I I.

26 (4) 5 , (5) 4, &c. (corrected by Wilcken). One of the new documents fromthatcollectionshows that nati onal were employed inthe process of strengthening the sides of

canals called rrapo¢pvyanop6aThe xovdx i'

ru were no doubt used for the same purposeas the xahapria, but what is exactlymeant by that termis obscure.200- 4. Likewise the cultivators of Crownlands, the priests and other owners of

land 31! iota“, whohave failed toplant the proper number ofarourae up to the 5 rst year,are released fromthe penalties whichtheyhave incurred, but the planting (of the propernumber)shall bemade fromthe 5 z ud year onwards.

’

200 - 1 .ml was (M ove)f or): rr)v 311 «total: the correctionof this passage depends uponthe view takenof land We“ ; cf. ll. 36

- 7 , note. If,as there suggested, it includedas wellas d qpovxm)f ), to suppose the omissionofmmis the simplest way out of

the difficulty. Ifonthe otherhand ltpd 7 1)was not c'v sets“, it is better toassume thatmi c

was writtentwice over bymistake ; cf. P. Par. 63. 1 77 .

202. The 1 of rd: is very doubtful; faxaafixovramay be read. The word following, iftherewasone,must inany casehave beenabbreviated ; perhaps or ¢ot(mas)(v. inf .)navi gation: raises the interesting questionwhether the nature of the cr0p was prescribed inthe case of cultivators of Crownlandand land c

'

v or only the number of thearouraetobe sown. This problemhasalready beendiscussed inconnex ionwithathird century

papyrus inthe AshmoleanM useumby Mahafl'y (Transactions of tile R oyal Ims/z Acad.

x x x i. pp. 197 and Wilcken (Arabia, 1. pp. 165 the former thinking that thestate regulatedmany crops besides those whichproduced oil, the latter considering thattheareasmentioned in the Ashmoleanpapyrusare not the wholeareas of the differentvillages,and leaving the questionopenwhether the wholeamount of the crops was fix ed

beforet by the state. Bothscholars,however,have, we think,missed the correc t

interpretation of the documents on the recto throughneglecting the important wordciaokeiaovot (translated by Wilcken reserviert,

’amost unlikelymeaning), whichindicatesthat the figures following itare the sums, not of whathad beenactually sown, but of whattheamount sownfi ll short of the correctamount. Tomake the distinctionclearer weappend the tex t of the entry dealing with xa'opq, whichis the best preserved (A ,

recto,

5 some 8121 HeroBcia'rtos (dpoupm)dq d’ ritp'

{ wrinoket'

rrovrm' «pot r ip rrvpo

¢6pov «vi x enr ripdflm1 riprixau p, a’vravatpovpe'w v82

rrvpti'

u

of the defic iency)urae, uponcnecusarourae, but sub

5 . R OYAL ORDINAN CES 53

there remains (adefic iency of)7 1 7 g;arourae, whichhas to be sownas follows — encens300arourae, pulse 10, wheat 3073-5,aracus This ex planationaccounts bothfor thefact that inthese reports theamounts inex cessarealwaysadifferent crop fromthosewhichdflohcr'rrM C

,and for the fact that the numbers of thearourae ivas xmmpr'jm

correspond to the figures intheamounts whichéwoka’rrovmafter the suminex cesshasbeensubtracted sometimes fromone (inthe caseabove, fromthe wheat), sometimes fromseveral items of the deficiency. All that canbe inferred fromthat papyrus therefore isthat in the case of certainland, of whichthe totalamountmusthave beenrather largesince the deficienciesare not inconsiderable, but whichneed not be the wholeareas ofthe villages, the crops were fix ed beforehand. The crops uponCrownland wouldmostnaturally be fix ed by the state

,and the Ashmoleanpapyrus gives no indicationthat other

land ismeant. I fageneral termsuchas (apoépac)is supplied inl. 202 , the conjunctionoftheholders of land c

'

v seamwiththe Bamkum‘t y wpyol inthe present passageat first sightsuggests that boththeyand the Bamlturol yw pryot’had no choiceabout the cr0ps they shouldgrow, especiallyas 1108170106009 isatermsufficiently comprehensive to includeaqualitativeas wellas quanti tative regulationof crops. But the evidence of other papyri in thisvolume seems to giveaconclusive answer in the negative to the supposition that thecrops of cleruchic land were decided beforehand by the government. Inthe survey- lists

(OI—68)of land to the details of the cr0pshave oftenbeeninserted later oraltered,showing that they were the result ofane

’m’oxd nsmade after the sowing ;and the wholetenour of the two leases ofamanuals d imes (105and 106)is inconsistent withthe ideathat the lessor could notmake what regulationshe choseabout the nature of the crops (seeespecially 105 . 23mia'mrratioaHrokepa’

ins 7017mm: yc'vrow oil-s] c'

[rl]v 41141174111] thi)» s’h

I f the lessor ofanor-armor ultimo: could givehis lessee permission to growanykind of light crops withone ex ception,hemustafortior ihave beenable to grow whathe likedhimself. How far the crops uponCrown lands were fix ed inthe later period isnot clear. I t is remarkable that the numerous papyri inthis volume dealing withthe culti

vationof Crownland frequently refer toland unsownthroughnegligence (e. g. 06 . but

never toland sownwiththe wrong kind of crop. The rippdfomyc’mof 66 . 60 need imply

nomore thanthat the leases of Crownland, like those of cleruchic v. sup ), contained provisions concerning the proportionto be sownwithlight crops. he rent of Crownlandwas fix ed independentlyofthe crop (cf. p. and the variationinthe cropsgrownfromyeartoyear (cf. the table onp. 5 62)seems, inSpite of the Ashmoleanpapyrus, tobe the result of

individual choice rather thanof rules laid downby the government. The conclusionwhichwe should therefore draw is that in the later Ptolemaic periodatany rate considerablelatitude wasallowed to the cultivators of Crownland, so that if the present regulationapplies tomomingeneral,moqxoéoas refers only to the number ofarourae. But the use

of xararrc¢w w x6msand (border (cf. 11. 94—5)indicates that crops ingeneralare notmeanthere, but rather some particular kind of tree or plant ; e.g. at. nonfiction: ¢oI(nm) ispossible inl. 202. The cultivationof the tree or plant inquestionappears tohave beencontrolled by the government whether it was grownonCrownor other land, like that ofthe oil-producing plants (cf. 11. 193 andat e

’

xa(ucé)may itself be read.205 - 6. And they remit the penalties incurred by those whohave cut downwood on

their ownproperty incontraventionof the published decrees.’205 . Fromthis regulationitappears that the king controlled the timber of the country,

thoughwhether inthe formofatax uponcutting downtrees or ofamonopoly is uncertain.A M un; whichbrought ina¢6por occurs in8 . 26, but that pasage does not refer toRam

54 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

207- 20. And theyhave decreed incases of Egyptians who bringactionsagainstG reeksand in cases of Greeks who bringactions against Egyptians, or of Egyptiansagainst Egyptians, withregard toall classes ex cept the cultivators of Crownlandand thetax -

payers and all others connected withthe revenues, that where Egyptiansmakeanagreement withG reeks by contracts writteninGreek they shall giveand receive satisfactionbefore the chrematistae ; but where G reeksmake agreements by contracts written inEgyptian they shall give satisfaction before the native j udges inaccordance withthenational laws ;and that suits of Egyptiansagainst Egyptians shall not be dragged by thechrematistae into their owncourts, but they shallallow themto be decided before thenative judges inaccordance withthe national laws.’

207 . The general sense of this very important regulation defining the respective

jurisdictions of the chrematistae, or G reek judges,and the Ac cept-rat,whowere guided by theanc ient Egyptianlaws, isnot difficult, but thereare some doubtful points of detailowing tothe badness of the Greek. I t is clear that the chrematistaehad tended to concentrate thewholeadministrationof justice intheir ownhands not only incases where one or bothofthe parties were G reeks, but eveninthose where bothparties were Egyptians, of whichanexample is afforded by P. Tor. 13, anaction for recovery ofadebt brought by oneEgyptianagainstanother inthe 34thyear ofPhilometor or Euergetes I I (cf.note on1.Theyhad thus encroached uponthe jurisdictionof the laocritae, who thoughtheyare notheard of until the period of the present document (cf. P. Tor. 1 . vn. 13 sqq.)had nodoubtex isted fromthe beginning of the Ptolemaic period. The present regulationwas thereforedesigned to limit the powers of the G reek judges. Out of the three possible combinations,G reeksagainst Greeks, Greeksagainst Egyptians or vice versaand Egyptians againstEgyptians, there is no reference to the first

,anomissionwhichis natural since the law

on that subject was not changedand suchcases would continue to beheard before thechrematistae. For the other two contingenc ies provision ismade. Three classes of

casesarementioned in11. 2 1 1 - 20 towhichthe three classes in11. 207- 1 1 are parallel( 1 ml:m0 TAX. Aim-

riot): corresponding to r i'

w spa. Aly. rrpos"EAL ;

( 2)8001 "Bhhqns 311e amp. xar' Aly. 011ml) . corresponding to rrepi raw '

EM . 7 611 rrpos ror'

is

A i'y. ; (3) 7 611 A i‘y. «pi c f or):m’mAt» ,whichought to correspond to the remaining class

inl. 209, where ”

Engine is to bealtered to Aiylm‘riovs (cf. notead Ion). All suits inthethird class, i.e. of Egyptiansagainst Egyptians,are,according to ll. 2 1 7—20,

to be dec ided

by the native judges. Where the twoparties toasuit were of different nationalities,andthe pointat issue turned uponcontracts, the regulationis of the nature ofacompromise.

Probably before the date of this papyrus the party bringinganactionwasallowed to

choosehis own court , and the decree enacts thatany person whomade contracts inalanguage nothis ownex cludedhimself fromhis own courts. Four casesmihtarise :( 1) the contractsare inGreek ; (2) the Greek brings anactionagainst the gyptian,whenhe naturally chooses the Greek court ; (a) the Egyptianbrings anactionagainstthe Greek

,whenby the terms of the decreehemust go before the Greek court ; ( 2) the

contrac tsare inEgyptian; (a)the Greek sues the Egyptian, whenby the decreehemustappear before the Egyptiancourt ; (6)the Egyptiansues the G reek, whenhe willnaturallychoose the Egyptian procedure. Cases 1 (a)and 2 (6)are not considered becausethey would of themselves

,appear before the proper courts. Norare suitsmentioned

inwhichthe two parties were of difi'

erent nationalities but the pointat issue did notdepend uponacontract, and it is reasonable to suppose that noalterationin theprocedure of suchcases wasmade, i . e. they generally came before the chrematistae. Itis these officials whoare the judges inthe famous suit of Hermias,aGreek soldier,against the corporationof Choachytae (Egyptians) for wrongful occupation, whichis

5 . R OYAL ORDINANCES 55.

recorded inP. Tor. 1 and took place inthe 5 4thyear, or very shortlyafter the issue ofthese decrees. Certain classes,however, were ex cludedaltogether fromthe jurisdictionof the laocritae

,namely the cultivators of Crownlandsand all those connected withthe

governmentmonopolies (ll. 2 10 and it is not surprising that where the State revenueswere concerned the Egyptianj udgeshad nojurisdiction.

209. The words it Alyu(rrr iaw) r prls”

Enqmare superfluous, unless we suppose

that t epl «raw xpwope'mA

(i]ywrn

'

w rrpds”Emmis quite general,and is thensubdivided into

xai wep i 16 11 ‘

Ekkr'

jnw 7 6 1 11W roils Aims-ions fiAe rr iw )apes '

Ehhryvas. Butapart fromthedifficulty that inthat case we ought tohave eithermi 11l 50 »)inl. 209 or 6mplfl'

iv‘

Eltkénv in l. 208— whichis not very serious since there are other instances in thispapyrus (e. g. ll. 1 5 8- 60)ofachange frommi toH airhas thento be takenonthe first

occasionasmerely relative,and inthe secondand third occasionsasmeaning against,’whichisawkward ;andmoreoverml trepl rawnew fay [wlods for): Alyvmt'ovc balances thepreceding clausemp2 raw xpmpc’mw 11[l up?»

”

laq quite well. I t ismuchmorelikely that ”maminl. 209 isanerror for Alyvrn

'

ovs,and that this clause correspondsto11. 2 1 7- 20 ; cf. note on1. 207 .

2 10. f i r t’mmhé'w

,ans of. notes on1. 1 56.

2 13. irfl'

xmmlhapficinw fa is apparentlyanother way of saying 5 86mmlstxmaa.bimv,accordingas the verdict wasagainst or for them. Cf. ll. 2 16and 263.

2 16. for}: ri s x c'

opas worms : the laws inherited fromthe Pharaohsas contrasted withthe unmetminor, or laws introduced by the Ptolemies cf. P. Tor. 1 . vii . 9,and Rev.Laws, p. 91 . Even in Romantimes theancient Egyptianlawshad not lost their force,thoughthey naturally could be overriddenby the praefects see P. Ox y. I I . 237, introd.

2 18. c’

rrmr‘

iaaat : cf. 7 . 4.

2 2 1-

47. And theyhave decreed that collectors of foreigndebtsmust not onanypretex t whatever get control over the persons of the cultivators of Crownland or thetax -

payers or the others whomthe previously issued decrees forbid to be brought up foraccusation; but the ex ecutions incases whichcome before the collectors shall be levieduponthe rest of the debtor’s property whichis not ex empted by the following decree.

And theyhave decreed that inthe case of cultivators of Crownland the collectors

shall not sell up onehouse containing their working implements,or their cattle or otherequipmentnecessary for cultivation, nor shall theyapply the implements toworking templeland orany other onany pretex t whatever. And inthe same way they shallnot sell thecloth-weaving tools of the cloth-weaversand the byssus-makersand the wool-weaversandall persons engaged insimilar trades onany pretex t whatever ; nor shallzany other personstake possessionof or use the tools required for cloth-weaving or byssus-manufacture thanthe tax -

payers themselvesand the byssus workers, whoalone shall use theminthe templesthemselves for the service of the sovere ignsand the vestments of the other gods.’

2 2 1. Onthe functions of srpdx‘rrup fauna)"see P. Tor. 13,anaccount ofanactionfor

recovery ofadebt brought by one Egyptianagainstanother before the chrematistaeatM emphis inthe 34thyear of Philometor or Euergetes II ,and therefore prior to thesedecrees. The Gamay rrprix rwp was the official who ex ecuted

2c judgement of the court

uponthe defendant, whodid notapear ; and Revillout (R ev. 83W ii. p. 140)ex plainedGannon thereas referring to the Egyptians, comparing the phrase famroori'yopavopfov inP. Tor. 8. 6. But

,as wehavealready pointed out inconnex ionwithP. Ox y. I I . 286. 1 5 ,whereawas flpér rdup ismentioned inA.n. 82

,Revillout

’

s ex planationis neither in itselfatallprobable nor consistent withthe technical usage of £610: inpapyri. I t is not intheleast likely that the G reekswouldhave regarded the native Egyptiansas foreigners. The

56. TEB TUN I S PA PYR I

technical ex pressionfOr theminofficial language washaoc' (e. g. Rev. Laws x ln. 1 1andP. Par. 63. and since Baodtcml y wp-yot’might be Greeks (cf. it would not beatallappropriatehere to suppose that fairer referred ex clusively toEgyptians, evenif thatmeaning could be obtained fromtheword. The Egyptiansmightwellhave called the Greeks56mincommonparlance, but it ishardly possible that this would be recognized by thegovernment inthe title ofanofficial ; and the same papyrus whichmentions the emi t.»dyopavop iov (P. Tor. 8) Speaksalso of raw waperrrdqpofm'wvmlmrorxorhrmv £11 rat'mu s (sc.certainvillages, &c. onthe west bank inthe Coptite nome)56m, clearlyalluding neither toGreeksas contrasted withEgyptians, nor to Egyptiansas contrasted withGreeks, but,as often(cf. note onP. Ox y. I I . 286. 1 5)to persons e

'

rrl 86 172, i. e. living inaplace to

whichthey did not permanently belong. It is withfi rminthis sense that we believe thatthe femaw rrpdx rmp is to be connected. BothP. Ox y. I I . 286

,inwhichthe two parties

to the dispute were clearly living in different places, perhaps in different nomes, andP. Tor. 13, inwhichone of the partieshad disappeared,are quite consistent withthisview. But withoutmore evidence concerning the rrpcix ropes of privateas contrasted withthe rrprirrropes of omcial debts (e.g. P. Petr. I I . 2 2 . 1 5 6 rrprix rmp 6 e

’

rri ni'

w 800 1)“e 111100660 0

nraypc’m) it is not possible to ex plain the exact nature of the serumor to say why thewpdx rmp 5mm» is spec iallymentionedhere, ifhe was different fromanordinary flpéx rmpofprivate debts.

2 2 2 . wapaaapfiémv: the word is clearly used inatechnical sense for the processof ex ecuting judgement upon the personofadebtor, being contrasted withthe ex ecutionuponhis property whichis discussed in ll. 236 sqq. ; cf. the regularly recurring formulainloans of the G racco-Romanperiod 1)wpfifts for» i s f or? ml i s 7 6 2 urrapxomv

ar’rroi}mirrormflrhrep e’

yarm, onthe legalaspects of whichsubject see M itteis, Raklzsreclrtand Volksreclzt, pp. 40 1 sqq.

2 23. inrorehcis : Cf. note oni . 1 56.

22 5 . cl: upofiohjv : this termis clearly derived fromA ttic law, thoughthemeaningis far removed fromthe technical process called rrpofiokrj, and the prec ise significationhere cannot withoutmaterials for comparison be decided, especiallyas the verb which

3 is corruptand the functions of the 80 126 2 wpdmpare far fromclear (seeabove).ab out is the easiest emendation cf. the confusionof rand 0 in72. 455 note -rot. 67206111

is possible, for ay not infrequently resembles 7 . But of course the corruptionmay gomuchdeeper. Boththe precedingand the following sectionsare carelessly written(cf.notes on11. 209, 233and and the nex t sentence is veryambiguously ex pressed.

2 2 7. raw c’

v name : it is not clear whetherm’n-o‘

is refers to the flpémpes or to theBaa-«M oi yeop

'

yot'

&c., and in either case the use of to is curious. If aw . refers to

the Bamhxol y wp-yot‘ , c’

vmusthave themeaning of ‘ in theirhouses,’ withwhichmaybe compared the use inunpublished Petrie papyri of iv followed byaproper name inthe dative, where inclassical Greek we shouldhave 30 withthe genitive, and of c

’

v

in suchphrases as in refs.

Aflohhmm'w (Rev. Laws x x x viii. 2) to rot: (12. 3)or in fan ‘

op[ov] (27 . But it ismore probable thatm’zro'is refers to the rrprir ropes,meaning under the jurisdictionof’

cf. the use of to in27 . 99, 72. 332, 120. 1 29,230. 7 013100 refers, we think

,to the following section, whichspecifies the objects

not to be distrained upon. I f the whole of the present document could be designatedas one npdcrmypa, 7 0157 01:might be taken inageneral sense, but this papyrus is ratheracollectionof r poofli‘yparathanone s pam-ma.

231 . The subject of «shiv is apparently f or): for fu turist! rrpdx ropas supplied fromthe previous section. If 1. 234 were takenquite generallyasapplying to everybodyand notmerely topummel ymrpyoi, the subject ofmuheivmight be ‘

the offic ials,’as often

5 . R OYAL ORDINA N CE S

elsewhere withthe verbs following npoof er rixam. But the emphaticmanner in whichBaoM a'ov 7 1041v is placedat the front of the section, theabsence ofany definite indicationthat 211min; Mae «rt

‘

raurarank.has ageneralapplication (thoughcf. note on i.and the reference in the preceding section (see note on1. whichis concernedwiththe fiaadtrml ympyoc' and inrorehris, to this one,make itmuchmore probable that11. 231

—7 refer to the Baadttml ymp-yor', justas 11. 237-

47 refer to the {marketsmlN ot. That being so, there is no necessity forachange of subjectat l. 23 1 as therewould be if ll. 232

-

3 were quite general, for boththose classes in11. 22 1-

30 cameunder the jurisdictionof the £611v wpdxw p.

pr)wallets for olx t'as was : this is avery clumsy way of saying that theymight sell

other things but theymust leave onehouse containing the tools.

233. The corrupt word followingmrarmmjvmust representaverbmeaning ‘

placedor stored.

’

234. at 1:17)q fromP. Par. 63. 1 74 sqq. it is knownthat the cattle belonging to

everyone, evento omc ials like the strategi, couldatacrisis be pressed into the service

of the State, so that there would be nothing surprising inageneral regulationforbiddingcattle tobe sold up. But,as wehave said (note on1. 2 the cattle of fiamkrml yeopyot'aremore probablymeanthere.

235. p ip-c rrpoo[riyav this sentence is parallel to ll. 241

-

5 . The tools of theflamingo} ympyot' were to be kept entirely for the cultivationof Crown’land, justas the toolsof theamass were not tobe used by other persons. There ishardly roominthe lacunafor ”at ormama»)M s; (cf. ll. 256

—7) even if these restorations wereassatisfactory onother groundsas whichtheyare not. A small fragment containing the letters M " 1rpoo does notappear inthe facsimile.

238.hwvdtaw eia: the wordmightmeanapart fromthe contex t the places wherelinenwas woven; but if that were the sensehere e

’

pyakctawouldhave to be supplied

withthe following genitives,and since thesemanufactures were carried oninthe temples,the workshops canhardlyhave beenconfiscated.

239. AM .» cf. note on1. 63.

2 44. furor-choi r : cf. note on1. 156.

246. The complete subordinationof the other gods to the reigning sovereign,ex pressed interms whichare not withoutatouchof irony, isanapt illustrationof thepolicyof the Ptolemies towards the national religion. A goodmany of thematerial favourswhichthey nominally bestowed uponthe temples were under thinly-veiled disguises turnedto the profit of the deifiedmonarch. That this was the case withthe «la-6mthere canbelittle doubt (cf. note on1.

248-

5 1. And (theyhave decreed)thatnooneholdinganofii cialpositionorany oneelse shall impose labour upon the cloth-weavers and byssus-workersand robe-weaversgratis orat reduced wages.’

249. c’mpt'mw : cf. note on1. 183.

2 50. Onthe thri ve“ see note on1. 63.

25 2—4. And theyhave decreed that no onemayappropriate boats forhis own

use onany pretex t whatever.’

25 2 . cf. 1. 182and note onll. 162-

7.

25 5- 64. And that neither the strategi norany others whoare incharge of the

Crown, State or sacred interestsmayarrestany one foraprivate debt oroffenceorowing to

58 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

aprivate quarreland keephimimprisoned in theirhouses or anywhere else onanypretex t whatever ; but if theyaccuseany one, they shall bringhimbefore themagistratesappointed in eachnome,and shall receive or give satisfaction inaccordance withthedecreesand regulations. ’

25 5 . This interesting babeas corpus edict points to greatabuse on the part of theofficials ; and in fact complaints of persons whohave been imprisoned without beingbrought to trialare not uncommoninPtolemaic papyri , e. g. P. Petrie I I . 19.

256. f irst re Baod uré‘ wmi nohtrurri'oraml leprmrré'

w: the implication is not that ofiicialswere divided into three classesaccording to whichof the three departments Baomm' ,rrokrrtx ri or lepevmrrf they dealt with, but that these three terms sumup the principalfunctions ofoffic ials ingeneral ; cf. the descriptionof the chrematistae ine. g. P. Amh. I I.33. 9as 01 «at Boodle“)mt «panamaml lemmaxpiaovres. Of course some officials wereconcerned ex clusively withone or the other of the tht'ee divisions, but the strategusfor instance was concerned wi thmamaand lepew reéas wellas Baodtmi. The technicalmeaning of nulli f iedhere is not clear. Justas Be rnhard implya3110 171115:and lrpwmahpe‘

ic,

so rrohrrrx ri implyarrokrrriaor rrriktr of some sort, if not rrokrrar. I t is not likely thatrrol rrurarefers to Alexandria, whichwas often called 1119111, or to AlexandriaandPtolemaisas the two cities whichapprox imated toan“. inthe technical Attic sense, or tothe 1161111

,i . e. pqrpomatm, of the nomes ; for theordinary officialwouldhave nothing todo

withAlexandriaor Ptolemais, and there is no reason to think that the inhabitantsof” partners were specially distinguished for government purposes fromthe inhabitants ofcarpet. Starting fromthe use of u

'oltrr urris inthe phrasemitmx ol v6po1 (cf. note oni. 2 16)as opposed to the ri s xepac, we are inclined to think that frol i c-11rdhere refers

particularly to the Greeks, who inrelationtothe Egyptians ocen iedapositionanalogousto that of citizens (cf. M itteis, Ra's/wreck!and Volksrecht, p. 43 thoughthe termf oxtrotis nowhereapplied to them. The positionof 1111111 1116 11 between311001116 1»and lcpmm‘

iv

somewhat favours thishypothesis. Cf. the rroltirrvpaof the Cretans in82. 1 7.

263. apx r'ia: for the use of this word foraboard ofmagistrates cf. Ar. Pol. v. 4. 8.

E lsewhere tu Ptolemaic papyri (e. g. P. G renf. I I. 19. 2,1e means thearchives.264. rrpocmiypamare decrees

’

onany subject, whether of general interest or onpoints of detail, and were usually issued in the formof letters toall officials (e. g.

R ev. Laws x x x v11. 2-

9and 0)or to one official inparticular (e. g. Mahafi'

y, A re/tin, I .

p. 287 , P. Amb. I I . 33. 28 Sometimes,however,as inthe present collectionof npocrrriypam, anaddressat the beginning was dispensed with.amypéppamare concerned withdetails, suchas prices, and difi‘

er fromrrpormiypamby being incorporated directly inthe nfpocand being subject tofrequent revision. ThusRev. Laws x x x ix . 1 - 1 2 isa

.

Btdypamraincorporated into the governing theam»;am),b

g

ing concerned withthe prices whichy wp-yot’ were toreceive for the oil-producing plants ;c ibid. liii. 12.

8 . Dscans or E usx csrss I I .33 X 4025 cm. 140- 39.

The first elevenlines of this papyrusare the conclusionofaletter writtenby one official toanother,authoriz ing some payment to bemadeapparently

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60 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

inHarmatlzena, x . p. the E gyptiancalendar did not receive full offic ialsanction until near the end of E uergetes I I

’

s reign; and so long as theMacedonian calendarmaintained its independent ex istence adoubt is castuponall attempts to convert regnal years accurately into years (cf.P. Amb. I I . 42, ex cept where the revenues were concernedand wherethe regnal years were therefore calculated onthe E gyptiansystem.

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May]6156111 10 110015110111 0 1 61 0661, 11t 66 6111x 61p6i'

11

60[v]101)s rat's rrp00'6601s x 02 rds x efpas

40 fiQ [h€ tV rra]i 01116711 110410 1 611 x 001£116p 0611 1102

11p001 610'

x 011611 1&e 16 11 01101161116 11 rois

1'

6p0[i'

s 66 s 01 ” 7101261111101 16s 0601‘ 1171600601

716110101, 0]v 171 01 1102 711706112 1100’

6111 1110611

1p611011 1 1 1 6 11 11p066617h01p 6'116 11 [pn]66 01103104 5 ( 60001 7 009 1110700 1 6 11 lepéaw 6

’

x x 0p tfop611[0]vs 10 610003601?

)16110, 1 013s 66 01161096111 01“ 6110110y1r0fe1 6 6151 6111 013]

611001"011061661101, és 61: nhfipovs66116 111 01 0116111106101“ 10 vop tfépeva1ol

'

s

0eoi'

s 611671 6716 11 1102 1611

6p[pma06. (61011s)]ha110111711011 1[

24. 0of 18110 11 corr. 27 . i . x rirpas. 43. 11011 of 0111 11101111 corr. from0011.{oofmp foprmabove 11 erased.

ll. 1 2 sqq.

‘King Ptolemyand QueenCleopatrathe sisterand QueenCleopatrathewifeto the strategi , commandants, chiefs of the phylacitae,archiphylacitae, epimeletae, oeconomi,basilico-

grammateisandallothers inthe service of the Crown, greeting. Wehave receivedaletter fromthe priestsat of Arsinoe(P)and the gods Adelphiand the gods Euergetaeand the gods Philopatoresand the gods Epiphaneisand the god Eupatorand the godsPhilometoresand the gods Euergetae concerning the temple land withthat whichhas

62 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

beendedicated by the cleruchs, and the profits fromthehonourable ofli ces and postsas prophet or scribeand whichhave beenbought for the temple,and the proceedsof properties,and the sums whichare paid inaccordance withdecrees for the and theseveralassociationsand the sacred slaves fromtradesandmanufacturesand salaries,andthe sums collected bymenand womenat Alexandriaand inthe country for treasuriesandbowlsand cups,and the proceeds of the so-calledaphrodisia,and their revenues ingeneralunder whateverhead theyare registered, stating that certainpersons who lease landsand other properties foralong period,and some who eventake forc ible possessionwithoutany contracts, fail to pay the rents due,and do not contribute the fullamount of theprofits of thehonourable offices or postsas prophet or scribe, while others steal the sumspaid and collected,and setting up aphrodisiawithout the authorizationof the priestsreceive for the sake of collecting the dues to the goddess,and Others try tomixthemselves up withthe revenuesand layhands uponthemand inhabit the temple contraryto custom. Inaccordance therefore withour previous ordinance concerning the dueswhichbelong to the temples, so longas theaforesaid revenues of the goddess remain(let thembe ?)undisturbed,and permit noone underany circumstances to exact paymentofany of theabove-mentioned revenues or todriveaway by force theagents of the priestsengaged incollecting them; and compel those whodisobey topayall the sums regularly,inorder that the priestsmay obtainall their receipts infull, andmay beable withouthindrance to pay the customary offerings to the gods onbehalf of usand our children.

Good-bye. The 3rst year, Panemus3. ]nfirfitos : probably the terminationof the name ofagod, perhaps 204111316101 ; cf.

the name of the chief deityat Tebtunis, zomfiram.

13- 6. Withthis list ofofficials inthe second century B. 0. cf. 5 . 158

- 6 1, P. LeydenG ,and P. Grenf. I I . 31. Contrasted withthe earlier lists, e. g. Rev. Laws x x x vii. 3 -

5 andP. Petrie I I . 42. (a) 1- 4, the princ ipal differencesare ( 1) the change in the positionofthe oeconomusand dpxupukax ims (cf. note on 5 . of whomthe first wasmore, thesecond less, important inthe third century B. c. ; ( 2) theabsence inthe earlier lists of theepimeletes, whodoes not playaprominent part, perhaps did not ex ist, until late inthe thirdcentury ; (3) theabsence inthe later lists of the nomarchs, toparchs,andantigrapheis, thefunctions of the nomarchbeing generallymerged inthose of the strategus (cf. note on01. (6) and theantigrapheis inthe later period being comparatively unimportant ; cf.note on5 . 85 .

¢povpdpxocs t on41116011111 see 92.a, note,and cf. P. LeydenG .a, where the ¢por$papxocis found in the same positionashere,and Rev. Laws x x x vii . z , where the ltwdpxatand13711161119arementioned nex tafter the strategi.

14. note,and P. LeydenG . 3.

3has the 611i 16v 111100660011at this point.f. II . 37 . 4.

preceded or followed byaplace name ; cf. Strack,Dynastic def Ptolemder , Inscr. 103,andapapyrus quoted inP. Grenf. I . p. 24. ]11mustbe the terminationof the name ofafemale deity to whomthe temple inquestionwasrimarily dedicated, as is shownby the references to 016 inll. 38 and 4a. A local

iandeity is not out of the question, forat Elephantine, for instance, 1 11061311 NMwasassociated withthe godsA delphi, &c . (Strack, Inscr. 14o and at HermonthisMonthwasassociated withArsinoeand the gods Adelphi, &c . (P. renf. I. p. I t is,however,muchmore probable that isamistake for (cf. 1. 27, where xa'opmis writtenfor xépas), and is the termination°

of ’Apa1v6} ;c (cf. P. Grenf. 1. c.)or of Bepm’

xhc (cf.P. Grenf. I . 1 7. 1 2at 1106131101110 7 111, 19161 Bepevtxm, perhaps the Berenice onwhomnumerous

6.

‘

R 0YAL ORDINANCES 63

honours were conferred by the Canopus Iuser. ll. 54 or of’

A¢pobc’

r 1 (cf. noteon1. withwhombothArsinoeand Berenice were sometimes identified (0 P. Petrie I .

2 1 . u. 7 , II. 28. ix . It is notatall likely that 1111 is the terminationofaplace name,foragoddessmusthave beenmentioned inl. 1 7 ,and thenwe shouldhave tosuppose thatthe correct order ofwordshad beendisturbed, whichis very improbable.

19. 016 » s cptomrdpmv: the plural is incorrect, since CleopatraI I was included inthecf. P. Grenf. I I . 1 5 , Straclt , Dynastic, Inscr.m3 OnEupator see

5 54p.

20. Iepr'

ic 761 was probably followed by ’

Apc rvdqs or whatever was the name of thegoddessmentioned inl. 1 7.

Foran example of the consecrationof land toatemple by x ltqpoi'

v

xmcf. the 130arourae dedicated by the Izmirand 116mmunder Chomenis to Soknebtunis (68 . 18

and cf. App. i . 2.

2 1 . cf. 1. 34and note on 5 . 65 . and is very doubtful, for elsewhereyeps

'

iw, &C.,depend directly uponmprrsr'ar. Perhaps 16 1 1650] should be read.

2 2 . Perhaps 110i lttrovpyrav cf. 5 . 66.

23. W anna: probably royal decrees, i . e. «pond-mam,aremeant,as inP. Tor.

r . vu. 8mfor): «ohm-111061 11611001ml 16 M ayor-a,and the sums’mentioned inl. 25 referto theai rmenof the temple (111006 11)and toprofits fromtrades ormanufactures controlledby the temples, suchas the byssusmanufacture (17111101116 1mi 6111111016 11, cf. note on5 .

M ia mightalsomean resolutions of the priests themselves (e. g. the CanopusandRosettaInscriptionsare W iener-aand the genitives inl. 24might depend directly onM ia-11111 11 ; cf. thempwqo-om'm1110411)6116 16 11 3011111116 11 lcps

'

ws inCanop. Inscr. l. 7 1andnote on5 . 5 4. But the list of revenues giveninll. 20—30 seemtobe concerned withthereceipts fromoutside, not withthe divisionof themamong the individual priestsafter theyhad beenreceived.

24. The earlier part of this line probably containedareference to the 111600: of thepriests (cf. Canop. Iuser. l. 24)contrasted withthe raw, or different classes of them; cf.RosettaInscr. l. 1 7 . A list of 16 11 p t)«106m» kph occurs inone of the new PetriePari.py

25 . Cf. note on1. 23. I t is possible that raaoopr'mv should be takenwith111110611 only,Wemust protestagainst the view of Revillout that while the Greek versionof the Cano us

i s the original of the demotic, the Greek versionof the Rosettastone isatranslation. The whoe schemeof the Rosettalnscr. is exactly parallel to that of the Campus loser.and is thoroughly Greek z— date,W orm hu b?) 67 11061 1

6

x 7 1, 3805111 Of course the long-winded list of complimentary titlesgivento Epiphanes is borrowed fromthe tradi tional Pharaonic titles of kings, and wouldhave seemedunnecessary toEuergetes I , thoughthe beginnings of the use ofhigh-sounding ti tlesarealready traceable inthe Adule Inscription. But those titles donot prove that the Rosettastone was first written indemotic,anymore than the borrowing of Greek technical terms inthe demotic version, e.g. 061mm: whichistransliterated instead of being translated. proves the reverse. A goodmany of the supposed difl

'

erencesbetween the Greekand demotic versions of the RosettaInset . will probably disappear whendemoticis better understood. For instance, the demoti c equivalent of the technical phrase rd t ph1 611 81111101 1016 98164101111 (1. whichmeans the differences betweentheamounts of byssus whichthe priests o ht tohavemanufacturedand theamounts verifiedashaving beenreceived, is translated by Revillout, w 0 did notunderstand the Greek, k compliment 111: pieces qu '

onavai l 11mm;and i f thehie lyphicand demoticversions ofMmM u sl iminl. 33 reallyhave corn (whichmakesnonsense). somu the worse for thescribes whowere responsible for them.

Inany case we withMahafi'y (Empi re qfhis Palomar, pp. 226—8) that the differences of theRosettaand Canopus seri tionsare triflingas comp ed withthe resemblancesand fail to justify thehypothesis that one is 2 tion, the otheranoriginal ; thoughwe shouldhardly be prepared to supporthrs contentionthat the demotic is the earlier versioninbothcases withoutmuchstronger evidence thanhasyet beenadduced. The official versionwas undoubtedly the Greek.

TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

instead ofwith«16111 inl. 23, inwhichcaseanother participle, suchasawaxpcpe'siw (cf. 5 .

wouldhave tobe supplied inl. 24. But the other constructionis preferable. The 1171681111101mayhave beentosome ex tent released slaves if,as is very likely, the formofmanumission

byanominal sale of the slave toatemple prevailed inEgypt (cf. P. Ox y. I . p. 105 ,andM itteis,Hermes, x x x iv.p. But probablymany of themwere connectedwiththe 6111700810111(cf. note on1.

26. Thementionof sums collectedat Alexandriafor this temple rather suggegts thatit was itselfat Alexandria.

27 . 132 617011011061 : cf.Wilcken, I I . 503,aThebanreceipt forapayment inmoneyimip 01700105106) Probably thishas nothing todowithpayments of corn1

'

1111‘

paqcavpofisimply nos. 903and foraqmpol in the present passageare clearly notgranaries, thoughinstances of voluntary payments of cornto the temples by officialsarefound inStrack, Dynas/r’

e, Inscr. 1 44and 145 .

28. 16,if right, is governed by 112 inthe previous line. But the interpositionof 6116

fa.a'v6p[6 ]11 1111l 7 0101116 1 is ratherawkward,and either 16 should bealtered to1 6111 or, perhaps

better, 61 6 to6116.29. d¢p06w law = cf. 1. 37 . A letter of Philonides to Cleon in the new Petrie Papyrimentionsan6417008121101 that the writer intended to present to the king, perhapsasmall

portable shrine of Aphrodite. Here,however, the d¢po6iaraare clearly pleasure- resorts

dedicated toAphrodite, the profits of whichwent to the temple. In ll. 36- 8 the priestscomplainof private persons setting up 6670086 111 ontheir ownaccountand thereby divertingthe 10006110111 11 n

‘

ja0151 into their ownpockets ; fromwhichwemay infer that “M ore were

amonopoly of this particular templeatany rate, perhaps of the temples ingeneral. Thereis some reasonfor thinking that inthe Romanperiod the supply of ém‘ipmwasagovernmentmonopoly (cf. P. G renf. I I . 41 and FayflmTowns, pp. 149 But the natureof the {1 111v is still obscure. For airppoaimain the sense foundhere cf. P. Par. 34. 6

,

whichshows that there was oneat the Serapeum, Strabo x vi . 745 1160111: 81‘

1 111'

s Bafiuhu rt'arezo1rc 111116 1 1hdytov ( in? 1113111000111 upds 1 1

'

A¢p061'

111011 6610101161011 16 6'

6117611101 lspdv 161'

A¢po~

611 111 101116 1 111,and vi ii. 378 16 1 1 161 Irpdv (at Corinth)01710 sharia-101 15116116111 6111 1

flx d fas 111106013 001 31151111110 s'

rat'pns 61 rimmed -av 177 016ml M p “mi 7 11111123112, andPhilostratus Epz'sl. 60 (23)ywauri 1111111;h1’61. mind pr alps? 16 116

,ml 6 M 1 x trdw 612 6 161

“1111601mi 16 xmrqheiov 6s

30. There seems tobe some errorhere, forarelative is required to be the subject of6107116611101. Hod” , i. e.amistake for Jre'pav, willnot suit.

31 . 761 : for the plural of -

yi'

pcf. 5 . 59.

32.am001111116840 1 : cf. the land leased 81110 in61. (6)22.

35 . napatpcfiv: cf. 5 . 166,where themiddle is used, for whichthere is noroomhere.

36- 7 . Cf. note on1. 29. The class indicated seems to consist of persons whohadmade themselves collectors of priestly revenues withoutauthorizationandhad not paid

over the proceeds ; cf. 11. 43—5 .38. 161 8161 : i. e. Arsinoe or Berenice probably (cf. note on1. the princ ipal deity

of the temple inquestion.39. cf. note on5 . 1 56.

40—3. It is not clear where the dependent clause endsand the princ ipal clause begins.We think the change comesat 3111, because thempaottpem11116110601 of this particulartempleare less likely tohave beenthe s ubject ofaprevious 11p6010ypathanofageneralregulationabout the rights of temples like 5 . 5c sqq. The difficulty is to findaverb forclaims-01, for the traces of the preceding word suggest only 1l20{1

'

,whichis not satisfactory.apoc -

rcréxapcvmight in itself be themainverb (cf. the regular phrase in5 wmw erdxam),and then61111117101, if in the correct case,must be connected with11516 111,and [1101411106111

7 . R OYAL ORDI N A N CE S 65

would be dependent uponrrpoorercixapev instead of upon If upomc‘m'xapf v is inthe dependent clause and 131113117101 is connected with11612 0 1, then 112 1

'

inl. 43must beomitted.

45 . The revenues of the priests,asappears fromthis passage, ought tohave beencollected by the priests themselves or theiragents, not by the government officials ; cf. thediscussionof thea’udporpu, whichwasalways collected by the governmentafter ithad beentransferred to Arsinoe (note on5 . The officialshowever seemtohave beeninthehabit of collecting the rents of 7

16atadate subsequent to this edict ; cf. 93 . introd.

7 . DEGR EE or SOTER I I .

15 -8 x 16- 1 17 11. s .e. 1 14.

Anex tract fromadecree, or series of decrees like 5 , issued inthe thirdyear of CleopatraI I I and Soter I I . The sovereigns ordain that chargesbroughtagainst offic ials directly subordinate tothe central financeadministration(61001132 11) were not to be dec ided by any of the ordinary judges but weretobe referred to the chief of thatadministration, the 610111111 151. This regulationdoes notaffect the ordinary offi cials concerned withthe revenues,against whomcomplaints continued tobe brought before the chrematistaeas before (cf. 29andP. Amb. I I . but concerned the inspectors sent about the nomes by thedioecetesand perhaps by the éx ltoywnjs, suchas the writers of 28 .

Baathe’aw 11p02 1 2 £é11[1 ]0111 111706112 1 6 11 6112 16 11

11p11 17p1’

1011 1122 1 6 11 dkptkw 1 6 11 x pe1’

2 11

61316002 1 67 16 6112 1 2 112 1 131 1 6 11 61101 11 2 7 11612111

1 171 61011115061 11176”

61112 11611 11116'

dhhots e’

111

5 1pe’

1ret11 112 1'

261 061 611547 6111, 16 63 61116160

116112 112 1'

2 151 6 11 éyxhrjpara1122 1 6 £11’

2 61 6 11

61112 1 171161 2 6112 [11]e'

p111111 E q vafov 1 611

avyyeve? 1122

(51001) y ¢ 2pe1160 117 .

8 . 1. 2 11771116.

The sovereigns decree that neither any one who ex ercises judicial functions norany of the other officials shall receive complaints against subordinates of the financeadministrationnor shall force themtoappear nor allow others to decide their case ;but they shall send the complaintsmade against themand the state of thematterconcerning themto Irenaeus, the king

’s cousinand dioecetes. The 3rd year,

Phamenoth2

TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

1 . Buc d e’mwpooraéa’nm: this formulaappears to be used in cases where the

following decree is not quoted in its exact words, whether because it was ex tractedfromaseries or because the constructionisaltered toaralz'o06119112 . Cf. Mahafl'

y, Arc/11°

11,

I . p. 286, P. Amb. I I . 29. 20, Strack, Dynastic, Inscr. 130.

5. 811567 1111 : cf. 5 . 2 19, 8 . 1 1and the use of 81152 75 7 13in14 . 6and 16.

7 . E lpqua‘iov cf. 27 . 3. Onthe positionof the 610111171 131 see note on5 . 27.

I I I . OFF IC IAL COR R E SPON DE N CE .

8 . T AX ES IN LESBOS, T HRACE , AND c m.23 3 x cm. About ‘

11. c. 201 . P1 4 1 1: IV.

In this document is contained aseries of drafts of letters written to

different officials and containing directions concerning the collection of theforeign revenues of Egypt. The letters are arranged chronologically under

the days of themonth; twoare dated on the 15th, and probably four

on the 24th, but owing to the loss of the beginnings of the lines at theend of the column it is difficult to distinguishthe commencement inevery

case. Of those written on the 1 5 ththe first (11. 6—1 1) is addressed to

A phrod isius, who is directed to furnishinformationwithregard to the receiptof the tax es whichhad been collected in Lesbos and Thrace, and to sendcertainpersons withaview toan investigationwhichwas to beheld. Thesecond (ll. 1 2-

3) is addressed to Callimedes,and is obscure onaccount of

theabbreviations.

Two of those written on the a4thare addressed to N icostratus ; inthe first (11. 15

- 8)he is told that informationhas been received to theeffect that the sale of themoney- tax es in Lyc iafor the 4thyearhady ieldedan increase of 6 talents 1312 drachmae 4 obols. Line 18 is somewhatobscure ; it seemsmost natural to suppose that 31111112 1612 1 is the perfectinfinitive of in stant, whichis regularly used as the antithes is of 31111 1611 111,

and that the sentence implies that the revenuehad diminished for the rest

of the time. I f this be themeaninghowever, the use ofmi instead of be’

and its positioninthe sentenceare very strange. I t seems impossible tomakesense of the words on the supposition that émwex évmcomes from2112 111120.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

68 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

whichrun inthe opposite directionand seemtohave no relationto themaindocument. Onthe verso isareceipt fromM enches

On palaeographical grounds we shouldassign this document to the end

of the 3rd cent. D.C.,and this date is confirmed if we compare the relations of

E gypt withforeign nations as indicated in the papyrus withthehistoryof the period . Theanx iety displayedas to the due receipt of revenues fromLesbosand Thrace, the falling off inthe customs or the difficulty ex periencedinfinding contractors willing to farmthem,and the impending danger of losingsome sources of income altogether, clearly indicate that the foreign powerof Egypt was waningand thather commerce was imperilled. In202 B.0.

Philip of Macedon commenced operations against the E gyptian possessionsinThrace and the Hellespont,and in the following yearhe set out withagreat fleet to ravage the islandsand the coast of A siaM inor. A t this timethe E gyptianfleethad become so weak that it was unable to protectheroutly ing dependenc ies,and since she could not obtainany effectivehelp even

fromRhodes,she was reduced to the necessity ofmakinganappeal toRome.

Hence itmay be regarded as certain that the 4thyearmentioned in our

papyrus is the 4thyear of E piphanes, 202- 1 B. C. The survival of thisdocument for so long aperiod in the office of the komogrammateus is

remarkable. Withthe ex ceptionof 17 6 ,also writteninthe reignof E piphanes,none of the other papyri fromthe crocodile-mummies is certainly earlierthanthe reignof E uergetes I I , though88 , 7 9and 99 probably belong to thatof Philometor.

Col. i .

.]ax w [ 2 q

9 64 4111011 yp2( é1116e[601]116101d¢e12t[ , E 4116 (1p12

'

1602t011) 61’

s

(8mxp29) ’

Em[. 1122 12 $001 2)re

” 1171121 2111 1122 c frov

1122 1 6 11 dhhaw 416006 11) 16 11 611211641 1 6 11e’

11 112 12 11626011 1122 9 1121111711

1 611011 £2 1111 10116611.

1122 1 017‘

Hpax ltefmv 1122 16 11 yp201p2 1 e'

6 11)21160(1 e1hor1) 611211 61162x061.

KaM tp rj6e1. 1 2 11( 1122

8. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 69

2176 Ka(pf2 9

N 11102 7 p27 011. yéyp2 (¢e) 7b11 11’

s 7 6 8 (57 01) 8111113040111)7 6311 112 7 2 11111112 11 211

-

1111011116 11) 117102680111

37117 67 2 116 01 (7&A2v7 2) 1; 917 16 (7 g7 pai1fiohov),1122 11: T D] A0171

'611.

229117. 81a1rvMov 011 2¢evpn11€112 1

(70 2117 2)B 917 61; yp2¢1)117 00 11; (57 0119) 7 00 132 7 7 11411011)

7 6511 111. 7 0511 112 7’

61112 117 211

[ab]: 2w 1[7 10]fi1 111121 7 2 dwpepa.007 011 yéyp(2¢e) 1121 11111p2 (x e

'

112 1)

[1122 xpnpfiraw, 1) 812 11695011111116112 1.

[7 067 11111 7 139 { 121111711 1122

[7 fis‘

.]ys M 1109) 5711119 112) 112 7 2Av01‘

i1

[1122 7 2111 7 611011611011

112 7 2 Zfi0011 1122 1111

éyhaficiwas' 7211 112 7 2 11111112 11

119 (37 11) e 009 e’

ypq q

1171852 1 7 811 ¢6p011 112 7’

e’

v[12 ]v7 611

[2pflvpt’ov (70 2 117 011) 2’

Aa1 1122 7 811 7 017 8 (57 0111)

8. The reference to the tax es levied inLesbos implies that the influence of Egyptin that island wasmuchgreater thanhas been supposed. N iese for instance, Gert /1.def gr im} . andmated. SIaa/en, pp. 35 7 , 406, considers that Lesbos was practicallyfreeandmerely recognized the suzerainty of Egypt in the time of Philopator . AuchLesbos, imubrigen frei, erkannte seine Oberherrlichkeit an.’ M uchmore than thisis implied by the fact that 9. Lesbianinscription

“(Strack, 12411121112, Inscr. 68) is dated in

the reignOf PhiIOpator : 32 2 121007 7 0: Hmkrpaim7 6 117 0211111101 1102 Brpw im,aw E t

’

npycfl'

iv,

27009 3112 upw tinoc'

Apx 1'

2,ihe 7 4? 1101s

?7 6111 11112 7 511011. That the power of Egypt

inLesbos was realand continued till the reignof Epiphanes 1s proved by this papyrus 1

cf. Mahafl'

y, 111111. q gypt. 171: Ptolemaic Dyna/y , p. 142.

1 1 . 8u éax0q1 c . 7 5l 5 . cf.. P. Ox y. I . 44. 4. 611117062 109 7 6» 7 12011111116 1 .

22 Possibly l

gokhfl'

iv.

c

. 7o 7 5 3 t l PAPYRI

9 . APPLICATIONmi M EN CHES FOR THE Post or KOMOG RAM M ATEUS.

1 1 -4 1111. s.e. 1 19.

The three following papyri deal withthe re-appointment of M enches to thepost of komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris. OnPachon 6 in the 5 tst year,fourmonths before the date ofhis re-appointment,he promi ses, inthe event

ofhis being selected, topayat the village 50artabae of wheatand 50artabaeof pulse of various kinds ;andacertainDorionundertakes to pay forhis part50artabae of wheatand 10 of pulse . The wheat promised by M enchesmayhave beenthe payment whichhe was requ ired tomake eachyear to the Crownforhis office (cf. 10. 4and 5 . 19

—21 , note); but since the pulseand the paymentsmade by Dorionare not normal, it ismore probable that the wholeamountpaid byhimand Dorioninthe 5 1st yearwere ex traordinary ex penses connectedwithhisapplication to be retained inoffi ce. It is not impossible that thesepromises wereabribe offered by M enches tohis superiors inthe village in

order to conciliate their good willand secure their favourable interventionwiththe dioecetes ; inthis connex ionwemay note the significant omissionof thename of the persontowhomthe document isaddressed : no one but Menchesand Dorion is compromised by it. On the grd of M esore inthe same yearM enches received the offic ial notificationof the renewal ofhis office In

the third papyrus of the series (11)M enchesacknowledges thathehas receivedfromDorioncertainquantities of wheatand pulse, whichrepresent not only theamount promised by the latter in9 , butalso that offered by M enches, togetherwithoneadd itionalartabaof waar epp e’

tov. Besides this Dorionagrees to payM enches eachyear 50artabae of wheat, beginning withthe 5 2nd year ; theamount to be paidand the timeat whichthe payments were to commencecorrespond exactly to those imposed uponM enches inthe terms ofhisappointment. The precise relat ionship betweenDorionand M enchesand the bondwhichunited themare unknown but it is not unlikely that the transactionisau se ofapractice shortlyafterwards forbiddenbyaroyal wpda'raypa( 5 . 184

02111112 1) 2 17 1112 711111511117 2 311111617 1111 r tpfis 11116

’

119 2112 111162 5 19 (cf. 5 . 19 Theoffic ials were inthehabit of requ iring their dependents topay the costs of theirofficesand the ex penses incurred incanvassing for their renewal inreturnforthis they probably ex tended their protection (2 1161111, cf. 40. 9) to the victimsof their ex tortion. That the practice was commonand the burdenoppressivemay be deduced fromthe necessity of prohibiting it bya1rpo'2 7 2y112 ; that theadvantages to be gained fromthis official protectionwere bothgreat and

9. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE qr

indispensable is shown by 84 and 40. I t was onsimilar terms that Hiero,according to Polyb. i . 16

, retained the kingdomof Syracuse : 2 22 32 2 111129'

l£p1011 151102 7 602 9 22117 211 15112 72111‘

Pwpafwv 2 116111111, 1122 x opnyéiv 7 0157 019 619 7 2

xarevrefyovra7 1311 npaypdrmv, 2261719 8,62 20m16 7 1311 2vp2 x 0v2 fa111.M131e 11011107 40211

Kep11€02 fpie]a19.112 7 2 27 20629 [7 ]fi1 rrpo

1117 2px 0152 1)[1] 1101 11101107 11211

5 112 7 142 9 311 7 fi1

110311111 1114100 11211

1247 4132 9 v

[1122 2117482 9 v,

07111 212 11017 11,

172 211611111”

2 11121161119

11, (2p7 1ifi2 1) p.

(57 0119) 112 H2x2111 g“

.

11224 01h(11111100) (2p7 1ifi2 9)62 711121011 1, 111471100) 31, 1112 011 11407 15111109)2 111411

1

11109) 2 , 1, g.

4. l.mpo-ypappafliat.FromM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris. On being ap to the

,

post of komogrammateus previouslyheld byme I will pay at the village 50 artabaeof wheatand 50artabae of pulse, namely 20artabae of lentils

,10 of bruised beans,

10 of peas, 6 ofmix ed seeds, 3 ofmustard, 1 of parched pulse, total 50 ; total 100artabae.

The 5 rst year, Pachon6. And Dorionwill pay 50artabae of wheatand 10 of pulse,namely 3 of bnxised beans, 3 of peas, 3 ofmix ed seeds, 1 ofmustard, total 10 total

13. 6172 -1112 or com-paaccording to the lex icawas akind of corn; cf. e.g. E tym.

Mag. 211W “ : 2pm")1101013, fir {unis 162 77121 112206110 ,Hesych. 162 7 p2 ' 6

win-«par 211 6114 12107 1205. Herehowever it is clearly pulse insome shape.

72 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

10. APPOINTM ENT or M ENCHES.

15 -5 11 29-6 1111. s.e. 1 19. PLATE V.

Inthis papyrus A sclepiades, who was probably the 5 2 2 11111129 ypamtarev’s,informs Marres, the topogrammateus and perhaps identical withthe Marresin7 15 (Cf. 41. of theappointment of M enches by the dioecetes tothe postof komogrammateus. M enches is requ ired to reclaim10arourae of the landwhichwas reported tohave gone out of cultivation,atarent of 5 artabae foreacharoura(cf. 7 5 . 30 This rent is ratherhighwhencompared withthatusually paid by 32 2 11111102yewp‘

yoi (cf. 84and and inmost cases whenland wasreclaimedalower rate or complete ex emptionforatime was permitted (cf. 61. (b)59, But inthe case of M enches the 50artabae should be regardedasafeefor the privilege ofholding office ; cf. 9 . introd.,and note on6 . 186 . I t is evidentfromthe preceding papyrus that M enches was komogrammateus inPachonof the5 rst year,andhence this document ismerelyarenewal ofhisappointment. Hedrew up the 112 7 2 411

5

11o list of the 7thyear of the nex t reign, but was succeededinthat year by Petesuchus, who seems tohave entered office by M echeir ; cf. 77 .

introd. Thus the lengthofhis second tenure of office wasalittlemore thannine years. The durationofhis first period is uncertain, for the earliestmentionof M enches is in9 .

From7 6 . 30 itappears that inthe 5thyear of Soter I I M enches reclaimed10more arourae for whichhe paid the commonrent of 411-5artabae to thearoura. The same papyrusalsomentions reclamations by the basilico-

grammateus and t0pogrammateus (ll. 32 and shows that in the same yearM enches received agrant of 20arourae of unproductive land, of whichheseems tohave become the owner ; cf. 6 5 and App. i . § 3.

The writing isacross the fibres ,as commonlyhappens inPtolemaic letters,and isafine example of the officialhand of this period .

2 20 1111128179 Mappei xafpew. M eyx iit 7 61 15112 7 017 810111117 017

KGOGO‘

TGPG'

VGN 11p29 7 fi1 xwpoypappanfat Kepx ew fpews 颒

0711 112 7 10727 2 1

7 029 l8f019 dvnhépamv 2112 7 69made/1011611119 7 2111 Kai/1111121 152 02167 0 1 9 86112 2 6117 6110117 2 , 21 1122 1121128032 11

5 2712 7 01? (37 0111) 111 7 2 5 22 121111211 112 7’

év1207 211 £11 whim1) 7 2

2710M f410117 2

£11 7 00 ]11-

170152 11, pe7 d[8]os 7 2 7 171 x pet'

2 9 70211112 7 2 1122 ¢p6117 12011

11. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 73

059 7 31 7 179 bnoax éo'ems i x whq driawm.gppawo. (37 0119) 1111 M eaop?) 31.

Onthe verso7 01royp(a,upa7 ei) Mappef.

Asclepiades toMarres, greeting. M encheshaving beenappointed komogrammateusof Kerkeosiris by the dioecetes on the understanding thathe shall cultivate athis ownex pense 10 arourae of the land in the neighbourhood of the village whichhas beenreportedas unproductiveatarent of 50artabae, whichhe shall payannually fromthe5 2nd year to the Crown infull or shallmeasure out the deficiency fromhis privatemeans, give tohimthe papers ofhis officeand take care that the terms ofhisagreementare fulfilled. Good-bye. The s1st year, M esore 3. (Addressed)ToMarres, t0pogrammateus.

’

4. Onyfi c’

v (moldy? see 61. (6) 1 10—247, 74 , 7 5 and App. i. 9.

11. R ECE IPT FROM M EN CHES To DORION .

verso. 233 x 20 5 cm. 1 19.

The first tenlines of this documentareanacknowledgement by M enchesstating thathehad received fromDorion inthe 5 1st year 100artabae of wheatand 61 artabae of (karma. This is followed (11. 1 1 - 8)byastatement of furtherpayments of cornowed by Dorionfor the 5and year onwards. The concludingsentence (11. 18-

9) reverts to the earlier subject. On the nature of thesepayments see 9 . introd .

Inthemarginat the top of the papyrusarealineandahalf of numbers,followed by

’

A110Mawfw1 {d rowns-01161109, perhaps the beginning ofaletter tothe strategus ; cf. 9 . 3and 48 . 33. Onthe recto is 9 , whichis eighty years older.

Meyx iis Hereaotixov x wpoypappaflsbsKepx eoa'fpews 7 171 H ERE/1001109 1110118097 06 ill/10111017 011 4 110111110111 E lpq ov

7 6 11 (7111157 0 11) ripohoyéh5 flapé 1706 311 11311 7 031 1111 (37 6 1) [71111100

15407 43019 é11a70v [167 11001 80x 1116‘

1{1] 11112

81xafa1, (711111011) Vflov ddokor “ 110041v 511011,

11112 ¢a1109 61101209 (dprdflas') 11, épeypofi [1y , 7140-011 1y,

flameppefov 1, a1111i 1re[a>s 8, 01,

5“ ?h6a, (1114100) (61107 41311 1)P

74 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

a’rrb 83 7 09 (37 0119) xa7 ' év[1avrb11 1147 1160119)(dpréflas) 11aupar 1161100111v 611“

Kai 1167001 80x 111[6 1 pe(7 prjaet) 8111111111xa067 1 rrpoyéypawm 81111”

1 5 Kai x pt'a'ecos 11112 171501119 17 7& 111101161

1

1111111 171 311111» { 11607 119 dprdflnsxahx ofi (dpax pds) ’

B 11112 [iepds‘ 060i

"

?

E 6{y } epye’

7ats 1) 0517o307 011 €1r1¢ep011€11m

l . xov of 1717 10w above the line. 5 . o permabove 11ar 0 111117 011 11110 7 011,which

is enclosed inround brackets. 7 . 1. 111011. 10. c ofmpmv corr.M enches sonof Petesuchus, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris in the divisionof

Polemon inthe Arsinoite nome, to Dorionsonof E irenaeus, one of the first friends.

"

Iacknowledge that Ihavehadmeasured out tome by you inthe s1st year 100artabaeof wheatonthe sow s. standard, justlymeasured, thewheat beingnew, free fromadulterationand sifted,and in likemanner 20artabae of lentils, 1 3 of bruised beans, 13 of peas,10 ofmix ed seeds, 4 ofmustard, 1 of parched pulse, total 61 of pulse, 100 of wheat.And fromthe 5 2nd year you shall payme eachyear 50artabae of wheat, pureandsifted, on the standard, justlymeasured as isabove-written

,without lawsuit or

judgement or (question)ofany kind, or twice theaforesaidamount or the priceat therate of 2000 drachmae for eachartaba,and drachmae consecrated tothe gods E uergetae.Let this receipt be valid wherever produced.

’

3. I f there is nothing lostafter E lm-10100 it would appear that Dorion belongedtothe 711167 01011 01,atitle whichisheld by officialsashighas strategi (P. Amb. I I . 35 .

There seems tobehardly roomfor [7 06mp6 followed byanabbreviated proper name.

6. 111mmBoxq probably the omcial cornmeasure containing 36 choenices ;cf. notes on6 . 85 61. (6)386,and P. Amb. I I . 43. 9

- 10.

8—9. For the restorationof the lacunae cf. 9 . 10 sqq.

1 1 . I t is necessary to suppose that c’mw dv was followed byaverb inthe future

for the payments referring tothe 5 2nd year onwardshad not yet beenmade cf. 9 . introd.

The linesare somewhat irregular inlength.15 . Aftermirth: some word like M aytag is required, but this seems too long;

itmayhoweverhave beenabbreviated.

16- 7 . Instead of the usual 13v the penalty in the event of non-

paymentat the proper time wasapparently twice the debt. The value of eachartabaofwheatis fix edat 2000 drachmae, whichis nothigher thanthe normal priceat this period inthe case of penalties cf. 106 . 46, note,and p. 584.

18. Cf. lepés Baa-17161701W )(Bpax pa’r)P. Grenf. I. 27. i ii. 4, k c.

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76 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

rjffmxa61110v [101 fi t“1111 .

01711 £811 Adflp]: é11107 0h1)11 5019.]q s 7 811 upon £1117 6

11 .]eqf. 11012 117 0197 1810

011 7 11 dhha0av7 017i'

11’

fppm[0]0. (37 0119) 115 Me0o(pr))

Meyx iis'

Amw 111'

011 7 61 d8eh¢6 1110M 131 xafpe[1]11. éx opw cipnv 7 b 1rap1‘1 006 3111011111211)81

’

05 816069519 7 15 7 6 N a1102 7 017

0011. 1rep1¢0p811 83 809 4 101111011101 x d { 1 }p111

rfis eiOvperpfas 11012 87 1 014111107 1511

15110 fipépg, £112 013 11112 01} 01511 67 1101251 611 61

e’

0j1e11 d0x 0M (at) 1102 8167 1 e’

11 7 61 071147 117 017)e’

0j 1e11 wapax exhqx dw 83 7 811

4 10111501011 é1110x ei'

11 péxpt 7 09 15118 7 179

d0x 0h1’as 7 6 1160001 7 1'

j [1 11]a. d1108€xoj101 83 7 8

0017 M011 [Dal], 1102 inrepevxapwré‘

u

20611111? 7 6 1 6110161311111. 1102 01)mm? 8111 £811[Botihht 8100441110011, 7 8 8

'

N axa{1 }p1e? 00117 09

3—4. I. 8117 0 7 17004167 0. 8. 11 of 11510 111 corr. from0 .

0

M enches tohis brother Herodes, greeting and goodhealth. Youmust knowthat Ammonius our lateagent (P), being inthe office of Amenneus the basilico-

grammateus,has written to us concerning the detentionof Aroteus the sonof Petearphres by thebasilico-grammateus for the survey of the village and themeasurements ; andhehaswrittentome too to jointhem. Ihaveaskedhimtowait forme till the 2 131. Sosoontherefore as you receive this letter and for the rest take care of yourhealth.Good-bye. The 5and year, M esore

M enches tohis brother Ammonius,many greetings. Ihave received the note writtenby you inwhichyou informmeamong other thingsabout G ive the tum- table (1)toDionysius for the survey,and tellhimto join themat daybreak ; for you knowhowbusy I am, and that I aminattendance upon the strategus. Bid Dionysius wait tillIhave finished withthis work on the z rst. I accept completely your views,andamover-joyed that Athemmeus the has been instructed to goup. Letme knew inyourturnanything that you want,and for the rest please take care ofyourself.’

3. Perhaps [M GPOD)] 6116 11. Withc’v 7 021 “110 1115011 cf. 27 . 27 £11 7 6 1

5 . M x eo'flmhas beendeleted byaline drawnabove the letters.

1 1 . wrap-11810here-and oh00ov inl. 16are perhaps parts of propernames.

13. OFFICIA L CORRESPONDEN CE 7 7

“

1 7 .mpupopév : the wordhashere asense unknown to the lex ica, for it clearlysignifies something concrete whichwas used insurveying.

18. 81 1 c upp ioymthe construction is awkward, and themeaning not very clear.Wehave supposed that 811 0vpp i0

‘

yeu1 represents the instructions whichM enches wishedto be giventoDionysius, the infinitive being loosely connected with661,and 61 1 indicatingthe oratio obliqua. Apparently what M enches wanted was that Dionysius should be sentat once inhis place to the basilico-

grammateus, but should not begin the survey untilhehimselfarrived.

19. The repetition of the negative is awkward and probably amistake, unless06 1ml 0611 o

’

ymis is interrogative.

fi vlau ‘

it): the ex pansionof the abbreviation is uncertain. If is

rights

tile word ishere used inanuncommonsense. ¢( 11ax 111) isapossiblealternative,thoughwe donot elsewherehear of001111113 11 tnthe service of the strategi .

24. The Copyistappears tohave begun to write Mayasecond timeand thenerasedit ; but the erasure was not very thorough, the 1 being practically untouched.

13 . LETTER or M ENCHES To PTOLEMAEUS.

27 1 25 verso. X 4 1 17 11. B. C. 1 14.

A letter fromM enches to Ptolemaeus, probably the strategus (note onI.giving anaccount of some damage whichhad been done toadyke nearKerkeosiris throughthe earthbeing carried away surreptitiously by certainpersons for their ownuse, whereby the embankment was indanger of breaking.The letter is onlyaroughdraft,as is shown by the numerous correctionsand interlinearadditions, some of whichare very difficult to dec ipher owingto the ex tremely cursive character of thehandwriting.

Immed iately to the right of the letter isalist of names, followed byacolumncontaining two shortaccounts. A ll theseare writtenonthe verso

ofasheet of papyrus whichis joined toanother sheethaving the recto sideuppermost and containing atax ing- list of payments of rent in lentils by

fiamAutol yewpyofheaded ”B7 09 9 y, 111108 M eyx efovs xwpoyp(appa7 £ws)Kepx ew qpews).

11111’

dvbpa7 06 pep trpnpévov 4101106 ( 19 r ijv p f0(01n0111) 7 06 0137 06 57 00s. I lax bv K7 ,

(Daij0ets I Iero0 fptos 017 3 (Cf. 97 . I ). Theamounts range fromI } to I t } artabae.

Onthe verso of this tax ing- list isanother writteninthe reverse directioninavery cursivehand, probably by M enches. Of the first columnonlyafew lettersfromthe . ends of lines remain; the second is completeand begins ( Is 01 (

(Cf.98 . 0,'o s M tx fwvos (cf.98 . 48) Mappijs I Ie7o0 t' (ptos)(cf.84 . 40)

y, 10, followed by other payments of wheatand lentils ondifferent days. Thepayersappear tobe fiaodtucol yewpyot, e. g. d>pap iims~ 11110041109 (cf. 84 . and the

78 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

amounts range fromQ, ofanartabato 10artabae. This is followed by threecolumns of another tax ing- list, also written by M enches probably, on therecto of the letter to Ptolemaeus ; the nameshave astroke against them(cf. and the strokes of the first columncross the junctionof the solider.

A pparently the papyrus originally beganwiththe tax ing- listheaded from7 .

Then the verso of it was used by M enches for another list, the writingbeginningat the original end of the roll

,and proceeding in the reverse direction

to that onthe recto. Onreaching the original beginningand requ iringmorespace,he gummed onablank sheet , naturally using the recto side first ; theverso, whichprecedes the é'rovs 7 document, was subsequently utiliz ed for theroughcopy of the letter and the two smallaccounts.

The first columnand ahalf of the second tax ing- list onthe versohasnoheading and consists of along list of persons whohaveagainst theirnames either fia, i. e. fiaodtucfis (se. yfis), or the symbol for 7 arourae, i. e.

émapovptxoii x kflpov, or both,and pay 1} or 4} artaba, e. g.

’

Ovv(34>pts Hereaptl/emflatos)y'

(cf. 84 . l'

leroa't’pts '

Apxo(¢ tos y'

(cf. 84 .

'.Q.pos

Oomprafov (émapovptxoii) L (cf. 68 .

'

Apa-151'p.ts Heroaiptos (imapovputoii)L (cf. 61. (a) Teasm(xpds)Herex t'o‘vros L

'

Apv¢6'ms “lu xurious fia(0'

t

M idis)y'

, (érrrapovptxoii)L ; cf. 97 . introd. Towards the end of the second columnisaheading icy (i. e. the 23rd of somemonth)i v 0n(aavp6 1, cf. 91. followedby Hrdhepafov) I¢o(butoi3)5 (cf. 68 . Anyrirptos

c

Hpa(1u\ efbov)a(Cf. 63 . name o ovémos (énrapovptxoii)L (cf. 68 .

’

A1r6yx ts “06pm:(émapovptxoii)L (cf. 68 . Adams Zanvpfwvos L (cf. 64.

Mappefovs fidd d tkfis)L, (émapovptxoii)L, a(cf. 84 . cL .

'

This is succeededbyanotherheading, ch: 7 6 Zoux tf '

t'

ov (cf. 8 8 . 7,note), followed by Heroe i‘

pts'

.o u

(mpoii)y' , Hevx t'ms fide d tnfis) (m'poii)y' ,and Mappfi(s)Kaka‘ninos (ér rapovputofi)(mpw’

i) L ,and in the third column by thirteenmore payments ranging from

1 to gartaba, the whole beingadded upat the endas {q’imaflo(

M57 x 69 K 7 69 HoOte’

pawor)pecot'dos')Hrohepat’mt xae w). r iit ts

f or?’

E rre2¢ 7 017 7 (37 009) é¢08€ 150fl69 you

our 7 2t xmonipxm) xai Hartimreal5 dM ocs flpeflfiw fpots) 7 6V yedpyé

‘

w) [Irae’vnnepi rbvmay” xopa'rtx d 5nd 0g7 811motto-row “7 0 u g

:

ml wropc'mmrd. rdv F‘X M 701]

]17 00 Zox veflrflvr<os) peydhov

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80 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

may, if you please (give instructions), first ofall that themoundsaremade secure

and that Philonautesandhisagents mayappear before youand receive the punishmentwhichthey deserve for their

z . I i i-ox epatm: that the strategusat this period was Ptolemaeusappears from.15 . 1 5 ,datedafew days later thanthis papyrus. The personaddressedhere is obviouslyabovethe epistates, andacomparisonof l. 1 7 with15 . 1 4

-

5 is in favour of identifying thePtolemaeushere withthe strategus. The difficulty that inl. 1

'

M enches putshis ownname firstmay be ex plained by supposing either that the documentactually sent waswordedmore ceremoniously, or that wehaveherearather ex treme example of theirregularities withregard to the Opening formulawhichare found inother official lettersof this volume ; of. 22. introd.

5 . The erasure of «rd isanerror.

7 . 1'

s of. P. Petrie I I. 4 ( 1 aletter fromAlexander to Cleonabout antea-ymyéc leading fromtwo villages toathird, the immediate completionof whichwasnecessary to prevent the land frombecomingma'Bpoxos. The distinction betweenan3507 0116:andaarapuehas nothing to dowithsiz e, but lies inthe fact that the former wasintended to let the waterof; and was therefore necessarily some distance below the groundlevel

,while the latter was primarily intended to let water in,and therefore if it was banked

upmight behigher thanthe level of the surrounding ground. In the present case thebank of the 36070176: was flanked by thempt’x wpa(cf. note on1. 9)of Themistes,and theagents of Philonauteshad descended into the {saw-

yri:and cutaway earthfromunderneaththempt'xmpa, thereby rendering it liable tofall, inwhichcase the water inside thewould runoff into the c

’

eaywyéc prematurely. The proceedings recorded inthis papyrustook place onEpeiph16, i. e. Augusta,after the cornharvest (whichwas somewhatlater inancient times thannow)was finishedand whenthe N ile flood wasat itsheight.Inthe Ptolemaic period, whenwater wasmuchmore plentiful inthe Fayfimthanat present,it is likely that portions of the district were regularly inundated inthe summer instead ofbeing irrigated by channels.

n)»mums) is perhaps governed by npds, but it is diflicult to see what the wordfollowing canbe. The correctionsare so complicatedhere that it would not besurprising if the writerhad lost the thread ofhis construction. e

’mfiohvi is found inP. Petrie I . 23 inthe phrase «is 81116o nakacot‘i x éparos, it e. the strengthening ofanoldembankment,and is there rather the process thanthe result of the process of banking up.

8. zomfin'moc : Sebek lord of Tunis was the principal deity of Tebtunis, buthad no

templeat Kerkeosiris, thoughowning land there ; cf. .App. i. z .

9. the word is used in two senses inthese papyri : ( 1)ashere, forxa'oparawhichsurroundanareaof landas distinct fromx épa'rawhichruninone direction;.cf. P. Par. 66, whereadistinction ismade between x u

'

opa'ra(ll. 50—6)andmprx épm(ll. 5 7 and byanatural ex tension, for theareaof land surrounded byampt'x opa,asense frequently found in the survey lists (84 and 8 5) where the land isarrangedaccording to the different weptx drpata, whichsometimesare numbered, e. g. 84 . 66, sometimeshave special names like the fltplxmpaof Themisteshere (cf. 84 . Ampixopain the first sense ismade up of several x u'tpnra;hence '

inl. 1 2 we find the x t'

oparaofafl'

fpixwparunning parallel for some distance tothe 88117 6 769.tint ru

’

oov : it is clear fromnumerous instances inthese papyri (cf. 84 . 205 , 106 . 1 1 , &c.)that raw main» is not dependent uponerapc’oov,and that themeaning is that the r ebiawere betweenthe wepr’x opaand something else

, presumably the 86070769.to. Berenicis 9 10po¢6pov was inthe neighbourhood of Kerkeosiris,apparently onthe

west cf. note on17 . 5 .

14. OFFI CIAL CORRESPONDENCE 8 1

Cf. App. i. 3.

1 3. oxom'a:aschoenionwas the side ofanarouraand consisted of 100mix ers, ofwhichtwokindsat least were inuse,measuring,according toHultsch, M etrologz

'

e, pp. 356

sqq., a5and 450millimetres. The whole distance of the damaged part of the t epixopa

was t erefore from360 to420metres long.

1 5. ov avm- z for this curious use of «swaminthe sense ofarresting cf.InLX X Jer. x 11x i. 33 itmeans ‘ take away,’ W ear, xappomimtau ebtppoot

'm; e’

x ri s”003417 1803 ; Cf. Iamblichus up. Suidas .r.v. M arciano: 86 7 0151mhvpflqfl‘

zsminions 6

1 7. Hohc'pam: probably M enches’ brother ; cf. 17 . introd. The phrase Bu ééyom7 d 11m)u p time-rarely does not imply thathe wasacting as deputy for the real 67 107 67 113 ; cf.

18 . 7 , note.

14 . LETTER or M ENCHES TO Honus.

3°°5 X 16 cm. 1 14.

A letter fromM enches to Horus, who ismore.probably the basilico

grammateus (cf. 27 . 27) than the komarch(cf. 18 . 4, 48 . inanswer to

aletter fromhim, concerning the appearance for trial of acertainHerasaccused ofmurder, and the seiz ure of Heras’

property . In the presentdocument M enches replies thathehad givennotice to the accused— who, itmay be noted ,had not beenarrested inspite of the gravity of the chargesagainsthim—and supplies the information required withreference tohisproperty .

Meyx iis xwpoypapparebs Kepx coa't'pews7 6? 1100611011109) fidpftios)v1pmxat'pew. fypawas‘

Hpé‘

r He7 dhov 7 6 11 i t 7 179

edOwopévm83 ¢6m¢ Kai M ats at’7 fa( t)s5 napayyeaat dwarni v i v flpépat(s) 7 pta'2r

17s 7 9W r ep? 7 0157 ¢ v éa'ope'rqv 816fa-ymyrfr , péxpt 83 7 017 7 6 wpox et

'

pevov

£172 dx dfivat dvaypadf tipeyog11157 00 7 6 émipx owac uwdfat Oefvatc’

v 1rt'a7awapaOeis 7 15 7 c Kai yet

7 Vt'as 11112“(as dvereyx cfv 6150611019.

7 61 0171,mpatroytérm'

Hp&7 t

rapayyekx fi es imfiwqov] fflt] 18

7 00 brox ctpe'

vov ”was év HrohepaG

TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

[81] E dep-

ye'

7 181 817 11117 611 e’

1ri 7 1)v

8te£aymyfiv,firdpx ew 83 7 0157 1111 9

!

pe'

(pos) 7 09 6117 09

iv 7 551 111611171

yst’

7 (oves) V6(7 ov) ital A4389) r epfo'ma'ts 111511179 Boppfi x ci8172 7 8 11157 8 xaotxofl) (7ahdw‘ov)a.

fppwa'o. (57 00s) 8 ¢a6¢1 18.

3. l.'

Hp67 1. 13. cc of wapqyyd x orcs corr. from 16. l. [aloox etpc'

nmM enches, komogrammateusofKerkeosiris inthe divisionofPolemon, toHorus, greet

ing. You wrote tome that I was togive notice toHeras sonof Petalus,aninhabitant of thevillage, who isarraigned formurderand other offences toappear inthree days’

time for thedec isiontobemade concerning these charges,and that until thematterwas concluded I wastomakealist ofhis propertyandarrange for it to be placed inbond,and was to sendareport statin

gthemeasurements,adjoiningareasand values of it indetail. Accordingly

I gave notice 11 personto the said Heras onthe 14thof the currentmonthat PtolemaisEuergetis thathe was toappear for the decisionupontheaforesaid charges,and I reportthathe owns tI

Le six thpart of the shrineof the Dioscuri inthe village, ofwhichtheadjacentareasare ont e southand west the free space round the village, onthe northand cast

acanal, and of whichthe total value is one talent of copper. Good-bye. The 4thyear, Phaophi

1 . M enches putshis ownname first thoughwriting toanofficialabovehiminrank ;cf. 22. introd.

14. Ptolemais Euergetis, whichwas now the chief town in the Fayfim, was probablyidenticalwithPtolemais Harbour,and situatedat Illahfinby the great dykeat the entranceto the province ; cf. 92. 4- 7 , note.

’

18. On the ownership ex ercised by private persons over temples and shrinessee note on5 . 73

- 6and 8 8 . introd. It is curious that the list of lcpdat Kerkeosiris in8 8omits this shrine of the Dioscuri.

15 . Two LETTERS or M ENCHES TO Honus.

27- 17 verso. 30 2 x 18 cm. 1 14.

Roughdrafts of two letters fromM enches toHorus, probably thebasilicogrammateus (cf. 14 . The first

, writtenonM esore 2, desc ribesadisturbance inthe villageandanattack uponthe epistates by twopersons, ofwhomonehad beencapturedand sent to prison, the otherhad escaped. The secondletter, whichwas written shortly after the first (OnM esore 3 if,as ismostprobable, it is referred to in16 . apparently describes the complaintmadeby the epistates. The offenders—or rather the one who was ”at large— gave

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84 TEBTUIVI S PAPYR I

35 6x 6111 [817 6A45 0p611

81004418001

13. l.ape-mt. 14. 101107 0 11 over 1101111101, whichis crossed through. 20. 1167 0 7 0

111100 . over 7 117x 0110 001 (cf. 16 . 2 whichis enclosed inround brackets.2 1 . 810 rams enclosed inround brackets. 2 5 . ow over the line.

1- 18. ToHorus, greeting. Onthe 1st of the currentmonthatabout the eleventhhouradisturbance occurred in the village,and onmnning out we foundacrowd of thevillagers whohad come to the assistance of Polemon, who is performing the dutiesof epistates of the village. Whenwe inquired into thematter, they informed us thatApollodorusandhis sonMaronhadassaulted Polemon; that Apollodorushad escaped,but Maronhad beenput inprison and that the latterhadappeared before Ptolemaeusthe king

'

s cousinand strategus on the 1st. We thought it well tonotify thematterfor your information. Good- bye. The 3rd year, M esore

2.mp1spar 1a:about five o’

clock intheafternoon.

7 . That for 01:56pm7 8m7 1)v 611107 01 11011 isamere variationof into-airy is shownby l. 26 6 ”M dpoos] smarts ; cf. 16 . 6and 13.

28. Perhaps 1 611 [111ml (cf 16 . or elseaparticiple suchas (M onk e y)with111 inl. 29.

16 . LETTE R FROM M ENCHES TO HoRUs.

27 -16 verso. 30 x 18-

3 cm. 1 14.

Copy ofanother letter fromM enches to Horus, relating further offencescommitted by Apollodorus (cf. whohad entered thehouse of Petesuchussonof the epistates Polemonand stolensomemoney. This letter was writtenvery soonafter the two documents in15 , to one of whichthere isapparentlyareference inl. 4. A t the end is the copy ofanote fromHorus.

The writingas in15 is onthe verso of the papyrus. Onthe recto is partofatax ing- list, containing one incomplete and two complete columns of

alist of 6111611001101 pdx qw t, whose names are known from81- 8 ; in col. iii

is 110 M 8) L (dp‘

rdflat) 116L, total 5 1 persons at artabaeach,making25 } artabae.’ The payments perhaps refer to the 7 6101167p whichwasafix edcharge of 4}artabacf. 98and note on5 . 59.

Meyx r'

is W ondapparebs)K6p116001‘

lp6ms)7 2pmxalpew {mxwpw 'l w rx dm

16. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 85

17p0001161111110x 6(s) 001 81’

67 6pas'7 171 y 7 00 0170116106100 [111409

5 17 6412 7 6 11 11070 110h61111111081650010117 0) 7 0 11070 7 811

cits 511 0311107161109 00

13117034170100816v 1102 (7 00) 7 067 011

01 Aflyow es 7 171 [619

0157 009 01580860 x pa’tpevot 701

{ 01 47 00 007 00 01111011 M600116)

7 9111 1167 [6]0015x 011 11100

Hohe'pawos 7 00 617 107 47 011

611 paxat’pnt 12 letters

[1e 011111000 11[

11601111 17

01’

r1{ 0]0

011 111101-1 .1

007 00 0117 11011011) (8p0xp0s) [17 6112 8111 617680111611

0H67 6000x 09 7 1)[v 0001161061190

17p0007'

yehttav). 1101819 6[x 6111 bud dfiopev

17p0001161167 1101 [6681'

its.

17p0(1101j007 6)airs 007 02 1107 00[7 006'

v1'

69

7 69 dppofotimys3. First 1 of«spot corr. 8. 1101 7 0117 011 111011over 7011 «vapor inanerasure.

of second 0117 011 corr. from 14. First 1 of paxatpmcorr. fromp.01111111011 over 1166 vfip ws inanerasure. 1 7 . 0117 011 corr. from

M enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, to Home, greeting. I reported to you

inanother letter onthe 3rd of the currentmonththe case of Polemonwho is performingthe duties of epistates of the village,howhe was grossly insulted by Apollodorusandhis son. These persons persisting in their violent behaviour on the of the samemonthM esore broke into thehouse of Petesuchus the sonof Polemonthe epistatesarmed withasword and . (carried off) eight drachmae of silver regarding whichPetesuchushashanded in the following statement. Therefore I thought it well toreport thematter for your information.

To whomit concerns. See that theyaremade toappear and receive suitablepunishtrmnt.’

9. ol oqmw( 6pw)o1 : the plural is not strictlyaccurate, for the sonwas captured

‘

85 Z. PAPYRI

on the previous occasion (15 . 13)and sent to prison,and it is not likely thathehadbeenlet free sosoon. This copy is very carelessly writtenthroughout.

1 1. aparticiple such is required for the construction, but thereis no roomfor ithere.

14. With6v paxalpqc compare 1 Cor. iv. 2 1 6v rrpds This constructionhas generally been regarded as anafter efi'

ect of the Hebrew Even Deissmann,B ible Sludz

'

er , Eng. Ed. p. no, while protestingagainst this theory, considers that withPaul it is aloose construction of themoment c onformed to the following locativedya’uy mépan'

7 6 "puri f y-mc, but facilitated byhis knowledge of the Greek Bible ;and that inall the passages of the LX X inwhichthe constructionoccurs the b is

amechanical imitationof the Hebrew particle. Here,however, wehaveaninstance ofits use inanoriginal Greek document, free fromall suspicionof Semitic influence. Cf.

41. 5 , 4 5 . 1 7, 46 . 1 5 ,and P.Par. 1 1 . rec/o4, where r'

v pa‘[xat'

pa19 is nodoubt tobe restored.

ao. {mompémv z cf. 8 8 . 9. In.

that document the npooayyeltfaactually follows.

The omissionof ithere is due to the letter being onlyacopy.

23—4. These two linesareacopy ofanoteappended to the letter of M enches by

Horus inforwarding it to the proper quarter ; cf. 40. 23- 6, 48 . 44-

5 ,and P. Par. 36. 23.

By of: 11006161 the chrematistaeare probablymeant ; cf. 44 . 23—5 .

17 . LETT ER FROM POLEMON TO M EN CHES.

14-5 11 cm. s.e. 1 14.

A letter fromPolemon to M enches announc inganapproaching visit ofthe epimeletes and warning M enches . to gethis accounts into good order.

Cf. 18 , whichwas writtenona‘

similar occasionand is couched inalmostidentical phraseology .

Twoother letters (19and 20)writtenbyaPolemontoM enchesare preserved ,and probably the writer ofall four was the same personand is to be identifiedas the brother of M enchesand epistates ofKerkeosiris.

’

There canbe no doubtthat the Polemonin19, whoaddresses M enchesas ‘ brother,’and in20, whichconcludes withthe same familiar formula, was the Polemonbrother of M enchesreferred to in48 . 4. S ince this Polemonoccupied some ofii cial position,hemaywell be identical withthe writer of 17 and 18 , whichare clearly by the sameperson,his office being that of epistates, whichis shown by 15 and 16 tohave beenheld by aPolemon in the grd year. A complication,however,arises in21,where twopersonsnamed Polemonappear and there isapossibilitythat one of themis the Polemonof 17 and 18 , and the other the Polemonof 19and 20. But thoughthehandwriting of these four letters varies considerably there isasufficient general resemblance toassist the theory of identityinthe writers. There isalsoamarked similarity inthehands of 20and 21 ;

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88 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

18 . LETTE R FROM POLEMON TO M EN CHES.

2 1 -5 x 1 1 C111. 1 14.

This letter fromPolemonto M enches is very similar informand substanceto 17 . The date is not preserved , but is almost certainly the grd year ; forin the 4thyear Apollonius was epistates (88 . while in the 537d year ofE uergetes I I the ofli ce washeld by Demetri us (48 . moreover the 17po0

dyydtpamentioned inl. 12 is perhaps the sameas that referred to in19 . 1 1,

written inthe 37d year.Hohe'paw M eyx ei xat'p6111.617 62 11'0p07 6111611600

dp’

1);16p01 110

¢p6r17 10or1 039 170117 0

5 61104161A6116110 60117 61

1102mi: 1160117 02960 607 01 7 61

00701. 01) [86 0]m16501111160619 elf 3 611611011180

0176p 1511 6yeyp[é]¢611 x 0[l

69 01511

17p00167 7 6hp0

1 . gamma.corr. from“ 1107111011400. 1 1 . 0 1 18 writtenthroughaparagraphus.PolemontoM enches, greeting. Since weare comingat dawnonthe z gth, see thatall the debts due to you and to the cultivatorsare inorder on that day. You will

set out for Berenicis withme withregard to thematterabout whichyou wrote tomeand inorder that the reportmay not

19. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 89

19 . LETTER FROM POLEMON TO M EN CHES.

24 X 131 5 1111. a.o. 1 14.

A letter fromPolemon to M enches, who ishere called his brother(cf. 48 . 4and introd. to askinghimtohastenthe collectionof the tax es. A t

the top isadocket inadifferenthand, consisting of 60 followed byadate, suchas is frequently found onofficial correspondence inthis volume, e. g. 27 . 1 , 84 ,

80. 1 . The dates inthe dockets being oftenaday or two later thanthose of theletters, it is probable that Ameans 61018011 or 6108011611, the first personreferringto the recipient of the letter ; cf. the docket onthe versoof P. Petrie ll. 1 2(67 0119)5 X ofax 06110116001160.

6A(1ffl0/1611) (67 0119) 7 H0x (0111)2ndhand H016110111 M 6yx 6

'

1’

7 6 1 086A¢8 1 xa1’

p6111. 61101110c

pe80 70 1rap0 000 011131 7 110016117 0 x 06

0176p 03

11 60 1511011169 176114101 yempyéiv5 01711008697 06 7 00 86 14011A1117 108011

60 17 67 01167 09 70 171107 1107 0 1102 17p0007 610x 67 09

6117 09 7 6 11 010109 (1714100) (0117 16309)’

A

xwpis dpyvpt’

ov 5 630001511600 017 60001.

1'

1176p 86 3111 011110611619 11011107 110111107 60111

{16119 6019 709 116 xaop1001i0ov7 01. 01) 86

0118659 1701160619 7 0 17po01£yy 6hpa[10611077 03009 1rap0 7 0 17p6 7 011 817019 6017110001

17611611, 1102 611 7 0i'

9 86 0701019 x 0p11‘

it 1107 07 0

x 1i009 70 7 179 610070131179. 86

1102 00117 00 [111’

6pp0>00. (67 0119) 7 H0x0111 10.

Onthe versoM( YXGa

Received inthe 31d year, PachonPolemontoM encheshis brother, greeting. I received what you wrote tome,andas for the cultivators whomyou said you were sending, I do not require them.

Asclepiadeshas pressed onmattersandhas imposed inadditionto the properamountrooo artabae of wheat more, besidesmoney, so I amanx ious tomake haste.

Regarding the komogrammateis whomyoumention, they willhardly depart until thea5th. You will be right innot diminishing the report compared withthe first one,

90 TE BTUN IS PAPYR I

inorder that wemaymakeagood show,and for the rest pleasehurry onthe collee

tionof tax es. Take care of yourself soas to remainingoodhealth. Good-bye. Thegrd year, Pachon19. (Addressed)ToM enches.

’

5 .

'

A011)t1117100011 : probably 8 6176 7 17111 171100680 0 cf. 27 . 98.

7. theamountprescribed,as contrastedwiththe ex trasums ; cf.5 .53,note.

9. Departures of the komogrammateis for - Alexandriaare frequentlymentionedinthis volume ; of. 26. 4, 28 . 7 , 5 8 . 44.

20. LETTER FROM POLEMON To M EN CHES.

12-1 . 28-7 x 1 5 5 cm. 1 13.

A letter fromPolemon (cf. 17 . introd .) to M enches, informinghimthathehad sentacertainA rachthes toactashis substitute untilhe could comehimself,andasking M enches topay A rachthes everyattention.

11006p M 67 x 62 x 06p61[11] x 06 6pp0'

i0001.

Hpéxflqv 00

11 7 069

1101poyp0m107 6001 60611611011[16x p1 7 00 [ I f 170p0y61

160801. x 0p166

5 0011 006 007011 66007 070111 1106 17p0

07 07 6 11 0070511 1106 6176 7 6511

11118611 drev 000 17016611, 1106 6011

Ao-yépm1617017 6 117 01

vaf 06 116001 7 00 pe 1rapa1106 00117 00 8

'

l'v

’

«7 10611119»6ppm(00). (67 0119) 8 Q0;16(11010) 16.

Onthe versoM67 x 66.

6. 1. cores? 8. Firstaof 00017 0111701 corr. from1. 111 of 1110110017701 corr. fromu .

PolemontoM enches, greetingand goodhealth. Ihave sent Arachthes to be withthe komogrammateis until I come. You will domeafavour by personally introducinghimand lookingafter them(himi),and inregard to theadditions tothe revenue lettinhimdonothing without yourassistance,and ifaccountsare demanded consider that you ve full

powers untilmyarrival. Take careof yourself soas to remainingoodhealth. Good-bye.

The 4thyear, Phamenoth1 1 . (Addressed)ToM enches.’

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92 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

7-

9. Themeaning of this sentence is not clear. scam11017 011 is ordinarily equivalentto forgo dare, ‘

toflee from’

,and this sense would be quite inplacehere if the writercould be supposed tomeanthatas the updxmphad stopped work theabsence of 7 61161111111need cause the addressee, whohad tomake some payment, no immediate alarm.But then81 1 0011 would be ex pected instead of 0586 11086 yép would be intelligibleif 8431 11117 07hadhere the sense of turning one

’

3 back upon’inEnglish, i . e. Polemanwas

toavoid giving ofi'

ence sincehehad no 7 67 131107 0himself,and the r pdx rop who wouldsupply the deficiency was inactive.

22. LETTER FROM Taos To M ENCHES.

25 x 1 2 5 6111. E C. 1 12.

The Greek inwhichTaos the komarchand the eldersaddress M enchesis so corruptand ungrammatical that it is very diffi cult toascertainthemeaningof their letter. The substance seems to beas follows z— Apunchishad aninterview withM enches, inconsequence of whichTaos came toanagreementwiththe komogrammateus on some questions connected withthe land, onwhichtheyhad differed inOp inion. Taosand the eldersaccordinglyappliedtoKotys for seed ;he,however, refused to supply the seed ,and referred themto the (1111001167 179. They then sent A punchis asecond time, and requestedM enches to write to themand to send the 1011001167 171 to themunderarrestifhe continued to oppose the distributionof the seed .

The formof theaddressand salutationhere indicates that the positionof komarchwas superior to that of komogrammateus ; soalso inP. Petrie I I. 42the komarchs take precedence of the komogrammateus z— K060110p09 0611011611019,

vopa'pxats, 30010111069 771011007 6001, 1011001167 019, uvp10po1ipo19, 1001107174019, 1101710771011

1107 6001 710016111. But in 48 the komarchHorus and the 7 70608157 6710 addressM enchesas ifhe were asuperior,and inhis letters to officials, whether draftsor not, M encheshabitually putshis ownname first evenwhere they weremuchsuperior tohiminrank ; cf. 18 . 2

, 14 . 1, 142. The order of the names

in the salutation is therefore not always asure guide for determining rank ,since it is complicated by the degree of familiarity betweenthe correspondents.

Themost formal kind ofaddress inthe Ptolemaic period, employed for instancein petitions to the king suchas 48 , takes the shape [ 17 00611019 2071111761111}omitting xafpew ; this corresponds to S ir.

’

Less formal is [ 1100611a7 0110

207007 60 1109 xafpetv, i .e. Dear S ir.’ Where the two persons are onfamiliarterms, orasarule where the writer is of superior rank, the formulais Eapar fw117 006110111? xafp6111. A s Mahaffyhas well pointed out (A 11161117 11111, Aug.

22. OFFI CIAL CORRESPONDENCE 93

cal-mi x er is normally employed when the dative comes first and the writer isinferior indignity , {ppmo when the nominative precedes. There are afewapparent ex ceptions, e.g. P. Grenf. I . 11. 5 , where Ippwoo is foundat the end

of apetition to some ofii cial ; but, withthe provisomentioned above thatthe fact of the nominative coming first is compatible withsuperiority Of rankresting withthe person in the' dative, the canonholds good Of the papyriin the present volume. Early in the second century A .D. éppé

‘

oflat ( fixopatand ippfiodaf O

‘

e ( fix opatmake theirappearance,at firstas variants”

for fppwoo;

but éppGoOaf c c eflxouat tends tosupersede the other formulae,and inthe fourthcentury often takes the place of t in-15x 5 1.

The papyrus is brokenacross themiddle of l. 12, and the positionof

the fragments of this line, ex cept of the first word, is uncertain. The writingis an irregularand clumsy cursive, but the pauses inthe Senseare indicatedby blank spaces,marked by full stops inthe following copy .

Taéis xwpépx qs arc ? ofM eyx ei

'

xat’pew. at 7 00 Qaéicptovw erevx éros

'O

'

OL trepla'

fw

act 81607 4q wcp i‘n

'

is yfis 91,

5 and dtd 03 rd whim-aovvx drawoséyev6pqv. wewop¢6res

“Hit xae’

1ri rd awe’ppara100 83 Kérvos

pr) fiefiovhnpe’vov éwodofivat rdméppaeradmfiahhduevos et

'

s'rbv ¢vhax fmv

in xai wily wefl6p¢apevmihw 7 31:

l’

Aflfirx lsw wévw MW }rfs ddtx ei

'

. cl 8?6pv[6]opev robs cf pfiv perpfidatK6[r ]yos rd €x ¢6pufa'ou éx ohéyov7 9 ; 9 157 6» nepi 83 7 00 ¢vk(a)kfrov24» re 814517 096 } [[wepl raw ]dye-[ thrmofipevor wepl ra'niv aweppcfrmv

(115e e’

fa1r6o~rediov

94 TEB 7 11l PAPYRI

Onthe verso[[érrl 164]hi ro

‘

Bv yeopyélv raandat rightangles

Meyx ef.

Taos, komarch,and the elders of the cultivators to M enches, greeting On thesothof PhaOphi Apunchismet you about thematters on whichwehadadisputeconcerning the land, and for your sake I came toanagreement onmost points.Accordingly we sent on the z rst for the seed, but Kotys refused to pay it, referringthematter to the inspector, whereuponwehave now sent Apunchisagain. Tell us

who is at fault. As for the inspector, ifhe still continues to oppose the paymentof the seed, sendhimtous underarrest. Good- bye. The 6thyear, Phaophi s r.’

9. On the functions of the dvku lfln in connex ionwiththe crops cf. 27 andnote on5 . 1 59.

23 . LETTER FROM M ARRES TO M ENCHES.

1 7 x 1 517 cm. About 1 19 or 1 14.

This letter isacomplaint fromMarres, the topogrammateus (cf. 41.

to M enches,regarding the latter’s conduct towards M elas,arelative of the

writer or underhis protection (cf. 40. gr). M elashad in consequence of

the supposed injustice beenobliged toappeal to Demetrius sonOf N iboitas(asaamxas yewpyds, cf. 8 5 . and Marres regarded this as aslight tohimself. He therefore requested M enches toalterhis attitude, whichheassumes to be the result of ignorance.

Mappiis M e‘

yx r'

it xafpctv. M inn: fofi

olx efov 914653: per cdedmmiros wipi‘

vmp2 317di re

'

rpawev fidtxficaatm000 real dwmrpfm161 7 00 Ntfiofrov fivayx dcflat dtaflahew,m0' 1&

5 wepfiohv)» fleflapvppévoc éwl f f) c c } p?) 81’

$1469

e’ma'qpacrfas (1157 31: rercvx évat wpoededc600m83 Kai Anpqrpfov 0151: x pfvoper

wérrpax raf cu pr) i t: 7 69 alpa'Bvarmedpfart e¢povrtx frat dwpocrdéryrov ére’paw yevéaoat.

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96 TEBTUN IS PAPYRI

komarchand toparch(ll. 60 Lines 67- 8 rather suggest that they werehuman“. The into-7 47 111 of villageshowever do not seemtohavehad anyparticular connex ionwithcultivation(thoughcf. 31. and thehrma’mpscpvltaxm’

évwas, so faras known,anOffic ial of the nome (cf. 43 . 5—6)moreover

the passage inquestioninits present conditionis tooObscure toaffordasoundbasis foraconclusion. From1. 72,again, itmight beargued that the personsconcerned were komogrammateis ,ahypothesis whichwould accord very well

withtheactionsattributed bothto themand their'accuser. But the combinationof the office of komogrammateus withthose e. g. of toparchor topo

grammateus does not seemlikely ; and l. 72may very well refer to 11. 66-

7

(cf.alsonote onthat passage). More probably the delinquents were dpx 1¢vAax

‘

t‘

rat or «vax ‘

t‘

z-at

,for themainpoint of the chargehere broughtagainst themis

that theyhadmade false returns and beenguilty of peculationwithregardto the n dpos,and it is injust suchaconnex ionthat the dvxax i‘rmappear inoneof the edicts of E uergetes I I (5 . 188 The corruptionand incompetenceof these particular Ofli cials is further ex emplified in27 . The present volumesupplies instances of the dpx upvhamreiabeingheld in conjunctionwithotherposts ; cf. 27 . 29, 48 . 9

—10.

Four columns Of the document are preserved, but of the first of thesethe latterhalves of the lines are lost,and no connected sense is obtainable.

This was preceded byat least one column, possibly several. InColumn 11

the Officials inquestionare describedashaving disobeyedanorder toattendatan inspectionOf some land,andas subsequentlyhaving withdrawnto theHeracleopolite nome inorder to embarrass the writerand preventhis interference withtheir plans. A fterashort interval they were induced to return;and finding that theywould probably be convicted of fraud they tried tosuppressthe false returns whichtheyhad previouslymade and to substitute correcttotals, but without giving details, thereby causing freshdelayand injury to therevenue. The last colurhncontainsalist of the delinquents, whowere twelve innumber, four fromeachof the three divisions of the nome. Twoare describedas priests,and theyall came fromdifferent villages. A ppended tothis isashortnote containing the decisionof the superiorofficial uponthe case. I t is toomuchmutilated for complete comprehension, but the conjunctionof the signifimntwordstit tipxowaand eimrpdd c ew inl. 97 indicates that the complainant was consideredtohave provedhis case,and that the culprits’

peculations weremade good bythe confiscationof their property. The directionthat returns of their possess ionswere to be sent in(duaypawmpw l. 97)sufficiently accounts for M enches’

concerninthe case (cf. 14 . 8,and without supposinghimtohave beentheactualauthor of theaccusation.

24. OFFI CIAL COR R E SPONDEN CE 97

C01. i.iha[¢r]1r6mv i x ¢opfmv dm‘) rfis 6va[7 00 vapor? ri sml lxavd x e¢dha1adpfl

'ihov 7 179 iv 017 11071 111006061 a[11100111 rail ro1orirov pr) b

'v'

ros' p ix p1 v[5 169m1111811116 9 dflravop i vmv 11111

14¢po817 01rohfrov dwoxwpqaqflrxa[l] réiv 1

'

18é'mv imflaM tOvrwv81e'1rip1rgp 60aperayayflu } v

'

res Kai 1r[dflhéis' rds x efpas i 1r1B[a7\

q-

_rp1¢iva1 61s fiw epov 81167 6 8[

orpa[m]yofi xarflhggoav 01107 65117 69

Kai 61: rd Aoym-njpwv . wapay6vop 6'[vmvypdpparaavv‘

rafap ivmv 8i xa[Wemtoep ivov 7 00 xp6vov cv7 06 worapor‘) imBaM orfmj simfiohijs' imhqpaiaavr es

an. i v 83 7 651 igfet

[flfjvrrovros nepi rbv X ofax p ijvanpdyparos Aoyou[iv 7 6 1 vop61 . [

]avot 1 00 ipyov a[i rofpm11118611169 dvaflolqfis

.]e i r ipas' imyva'nnws xal rof}rofi X ofax 61

'

s r tvax tflq ' dwi x ovcrav a’wb8. Secondaofmayo-yam“ corr.

Col. 11.

pnrpo1r6h6ms 07 68111 8150 Omar imax i ihrm7 11157 1111, 0158' affirms

M x ovcrav ol6p 6v01 iv 7 651 iv rfi Kpoxo80wv 1r6M 1 lepo'

31 ypdslrav dv6uimc x iapews. rrpbs

'7 8 11112 i v ror

’irow dwpbdmafw ovr at’rrorlr xaraar ijom

flu-1111060111161! Kai 1rp6ypappaif601j xap6v wapayelveadm611“ Aoyt(a*njp1ov)

7 171 a7 06 T1761 drms xararaxndifi rd r ijs' wpayyarefas' i v [8]iov1'

1

xa1p61. oi 83 w vvorj cravres iyflqa6p6vov v 8u[v]ov i x wpoaH

98 TE BTUN I S PAPYRI

[6]8pevx i v01 rjpc'

i s' i v 7 0k 11070 70 rrpoa'ayyihparar ijr’

[x 0]? 7 0 1511"0137 6v 8160116110011iv{mv 0, 0157 019

Afiyovns 7 6‘

s dyvofas', 810A0pfidvov7 61' 619 dwpaffav M169 17 6p10'

7 1j0'

61v

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100 TEBTUN IS PAPYR I

9 611f07 011

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24-

46. toavillage two stades distant fromthemetropolis inorder to inspectthis, still they did not Obey, supposing that the record would bemade in the templeatCrocodilopolis without inspection. Inorder therefore to leave themin thismatteralsowithout ex cuse we obeyed the order,and publishedaproclamationforanassemblyat thefinance-othee onTubi 1 inorder that the businessmight be quickly concludedat thewow time. ThereuponObserving the danger that would result fromthe fact that Ihadattended to business inthematter of the reports of the irrigated land and thinking thattheir plans were being frustrated, they came to their senses,and supposing that they wouldbringme toastandstillat the commencement they retired to the Heracleopolite nome.

Owing tomy giving informationthroughthe Officials, they were withdifficulty bymeans ofthe strategiand chrematistaeand others induced to returnat the beginning of M echeir,having beenconvicted About the 1 1thof the samemonththey came over to thefinance-office,and since onaccount of the prolongedattendance there wasageneralex pectationthat the resultwould notagree withtheir returnof theamount of crop, Theon,the oflicialappointed for the survey of vineyardsand gardens,having in themeanwhiledelivered tome (areport)andhaving sent concerning the state ofaffairs withhim, beinganx ious inaccordance withthememorandagivenby themwe gave suitable informationabout eachand summoned.

5o—73. And inthis they probably intended, reckoning up together theamounts of

whathad beenconcealed onvarious occasions, to goon“ onthe rathhaving reported theactual total quantity of crOp, but failing to issue the lists of individual items, inorder thatby this obstruction inaddi tion to their other acts of damage theymight produce thedispersal Of this revenue, themost favourable time for the delivery of the producehaving

24. OFFI CIAL COR R E SPONDEN CE‘

I OI

arrived. Fromthis statementmay be seentheir nefarious conduct onprevious occasions,andhowmuchat variance their behaviour is withtheanx iety sheivn inyour present letterwithregard to this tax , that they should remainstationaryat their posts. Themajority ofthemhave beenappointed without the cognizance of the dioecetes,and somehave wormedthemselves into positions of oeconomus, toparch, sitologus, komarch, and other oflicesinconsistent withtheir ownwork, othershave transferred their duties to their sons whoarequite youngmenand sometimes to other personsaltogether, othersare engaged intheduties of tOpogrammateusand controlat least twokomogrammateis ineachdivision,andhavehanded over the posts of epistatae intowhichtheyhave crept to or some of theirbrothers contrary to the decrees being brought to light because being careless ofwhatis ex pedient they doanything rather thanthe duties ofakomogrammateus,and becomingremiss.

25 . i. e. Ptolemais Euergetis ; cf. 92. 4-

7 , note.

26. 711641117 : the subject is the unnamed personwhowas tomake the 811101174117 .28. 6117110609110 : it would not be safe to infer fromthe repeti tionof this verb (cf. l. 26)

that the writer of the document was of the same statusas the persons whomhe wasaccusing.

3 1 . Foraspecimenofarrpooa'yyd pa7 67 fiefipcypivqc see 7 1.34. 3765151100111 : the infinitive isapparently due to the influence of 81a80p5 1ivov7 69.35 . 8111 7 : isapparently ex planatory of 81’ 6881111.39

—4o. The word between7 61and 7 067 117 seems to be corrupt. Perhapsmafia-115 1

wasmeant, but this gives noclear sense.

47 . sarcasm: the letters 617 1801111are contained onadetached fragment, the correct

tionofwhichis very uncertain.

5a. duo<x ¢)xmpqx i va1 isapparentlyanerror for dmxoprio-mor duoxoopijm, depending on81686116010 11.

65 . cl: 888611 thismay be emended either to88811 8161107 0 or c'

x’88c {v} 8mm7 8 767 .

The participleafter xpct'asappearsalsotobe corrupt. There is perhaps nothing lostafterthe doubtful 0at the end of the line.

66- 7 . This passage is capable of two interpretations. inmp07 06vrmv may beconnected with5881» andmean that those whohad become topogrammateiscontrolled in that capacityat least two komogrammateis, whichwould bean interest'statement of the relations betweenthe two Oflices or withthe reading xmmxamf ezsandacommaafter 87 4117 ] the sensemay be that several of theaccused persons— six ormore if i v { 1140-791 peplac] is right—had obtained the post of komogrammateus. The latterex planationwould of course be incompatible withthe suppositionthat the ofi cialsagainstwhomthis indictment was directed wereall komogrammateis ; cf. introd.

74. 8111111 seems tobe corrupt the first 1 is doubtful, beingmore like 0. 83 110i cannotbe read.

87 . This line is obscure ; theabbreviationafter 1 11017611: apparently consists of 1

followed byanother letter, resembling 0more thananything else,overwhichisa(writtenL).92. A11101

'

[0v Cf. P. Petrie H. 28 Viii. 6, QC.

roo. There would be roomfor one or twomore lines below this one. To the rightof the columnisabroad blank space, showing that the document endedhere.

102 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

25 . PART OF AN OFFICIAL LETTER , ETC.

28 x 18-8 6111. s . e. 1 1 7 .

The contents of this papyrusare ofamiscellaneousand not very intelligiblecharacter. The first sevenlinesare the end ofanOffic ial l'etter continued fromaprevious columnofwhichthereare traces inthe lefthandmargin. M entionismade ofajourney by river to be takenby the personaddressed (11. 1who, fromthe tone of the concluding sentence whichis awarning to takesides withthe cause Of ex pediency ,may be inferred tohave been of inferiorrank to the writer. Themainpoint of interest lies in the date

,whichshows

that the Macedonianand Egyptian calendarshad already been equated byM echeir of the 53rd year of E uergetes I I (cf. 6 .

The rest of the column isaseries of ex tracts cop ied apparently for thesake of practice inasmallandat its best semi - uncialhand ; but the writingbecomesmore cursiveas it proceeds. Lines 8—1 1are, but for the slips of 1 for

6 inmptand afor e in 17011007500 01,afaithful copy of the end of the letterin the upper part of the column. The nex t ten lines are not improbablytakenfromthe preceding part of the letter ; but they are ex tremely Obscureand do not seemto be acontinuous ex tract

,thoughthere isareference in

ll. 20- 1 to whathas preceded inll. 1 1 - 2. Inany case there canbe no doubtthat the copy is avery inaccurate representation of the original. This isfollowed at ashort interval by the first few words of 92, below whicharethe names of two persons whomayhave figured in some tax ing- list.

Onthe versoare two short lists of names.iv 7 029 116yl

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07 019 7 6311 111183 17 6112 7 8v 61167 611011

1607017801111 7 61160001 81681100116» 7 017 7 811

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104 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

and komogrammateis of. the nome to jointhe persons whowere to take partin the downward voyage ’

; cf. 28 . 5 8 . 44 , 81C. The second, dated one daylater, is addressed to Horus and was written,as is shown by the fair copypreserved in142, by M enches, bringing to the knowledge of the former the factthat the cultivators of the royal domainsat Kerkeosirishad struck workandtaken sanctuary inatemple. The reason for this action on the part ofthe cultivators is not given. For the responsibility of the basilico-

grammateusinconnex ionwiththe cultivationofBa0 1h1xhyii cf. 61. (b)36, 40and 197 inthelast of these passagesabasilico-

grammateusappearsas reporting that certaincultivators were overworked,andhemayhave beenafraid ofastrike ontheir partsuchas is recordedhere. The second columnof this papyrus containsareport(7 1)drawnup by M enches of theamounts of land irrigatedand sownup to

Phaophi 20 in the 4thyear of Soter I I— the same dateas the second letterinCol. i . Withthis is connected alist, writtenon the verso, of owners ofunwatered land withtheacreageand theamounts inartabae whichwere dueupon it ; cf. note on71. 8—9.

Col. i .

7 0001p(0;1p07 6001) x 02

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[okay ][1116107 67 6 7 67 07 11611049

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17 6[p]2 7 00 7 009 7 69

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27 . OFFICIAL COR R E SPONDE N CE 105

6172 70 [611 N ]0pp0601 l6p011

20 7 171 10 7 01? 1517 0116111611011

11171169. 1:0A639 6x 61[11 01711

inékafiov [184] flpOO’

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YKGIV

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p 00. (67 0119) 8 Oaéiqu x .

9. 11111 writtenoveraparagraphus. 13. l. n‘

i1. 14. 1711111 writtenabove 1101,whichis crossed through. 1 5 . 116[p]1 7 011 writtenaboveanother [1116111 7 011

, whichiscrossed through. 23. 0170 : writtenabove 111

, whichis crossed throngHorus to the t0pogrammateisand komogrammateis, greeting. S0 soonas you read

this order jointhosewhohave beendirected totake part inthe voyage down, inaccordancewiththe letter of Irenaeus the king’

s cousinand dioecetes. Wehave sent for this purposethe letter- bearers. Giveheed to the letter (i)and act accordingly. The 4thyear,PhaOphi 19.

To Horus, greeting. When I wasat Ptolemais Euergetis for the delivery of theaccounts whichwere required, Ihappened tohear that the cultivators of royal landatthe villagehad left their prescribed occupationand retired to the templeat Narmouthison the 191hof themonthbelow written. I therefore considered it right toannounce thefact for your information. Good-bye. The 4thyear, PhaOphi

3. 014456607 67 6 : cf. 12. 7.

8. Perhaps 7 01? yp(dpparos)or the infinitives being for imperatives.7 0159 could be read for 7 017 .

1 1- 4. nrokqmlaa8 6611761 181 cf. 88 . zand 92. 4- 7 , note. I t is immobable

onaccount of the dates of the two letters that theabsence of M enchesat Ptolemais is tobe connected withthe foregoing letter fromHorus.

13. Themistake of 11 for 7 inm‘i1 is evidently due to careless writing ; the two lettersare oftenvery similar,and sometimeshardly distinguishable inthe cursivehands of thisperiod. Cf. 68. 34, note.

15 . 7 69 11611119 : se. Kerkeosiris.

27 . CORRESPONDEN CE OF THE DIOECETES.

30 x 86 1111. s.e. 1 13.

This lengthy document consists of two parts whichare distinct fromeachother, thoughconnected in so faras bothrefer to the delinquencies ofofficials. The first three columns are concerned withHermias, who waséwi 7 1311 1111006611111 in the fourthyear of Soter I I ( cf. note on 1. 18)and to

whomwas directed the long letter fromthe office of the dioecetes I renaeus

106 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

contained in C013. 11 and i ii. Hermias had already incurred censure for

carelessness in themanagement of the crops and the choice of inefii cient

subordinates, buthad failed to effect any improvement. He ishere givenafinal warning,and is ordered to take certaindefinite steps withaview to

reform. Lists were inthe first place to be obtained fromthe komogrammateisof such07 pa7 6v6116vo1and other inhabitants as were suitable to undertake theprotectionof the crops,and fromthese lists the yevnpa7o¢6M x 69 were in future

to be selected Fromthe persons soappointed and fromthe ¢vltax tra1 ofthe various villages declarations on oathwere to be takenthat their dutiesshould be faithfully discharged ; and similar declarations were requ ired fromthe 0px 1¢vlt0x f7 01, as well as, apparently , fromthe Bamhtx ol 7p0m107 6'1‘9 andHermiashimself. Two copies of eachset of declarations are ordered to bemade, one of whichwas to be lodged at the royal bank,and the other sent

to the dioecetes. The land affected by all these regulations was primarilyroyal domains (cf. 11. 54

A copy of the letter toHermias was sent by the dioecetes to A sclepiadeswho occup ied asimilar offic ial position (cf. 1. 98 and note on1. tellingthe latter to considerhimself equally affected by its provisions. Copies of

bothletters were, further, forwarded toHorus the basilico-

grammateus (cf. 1.who inhis turnsentac ircular letter containingacopy of the whole correspondence to the topogrammateis and komogrammateis of the nome, direct ingthemto furnishlists of persons fit for the post of 71611111107 0061105 inaccordancewiththe orders of the dioecetes.

The fourthcolumnof the papyrus is inthe samehandas those preceding,but onaseparate sheet whichhas beenjoined on. That it was sent toM enchesseparately is probable fromthe fact that at the top is afreshnote byhimrecording its receipt. I t relates toanofficialnamed Protarchus whohadallowedthe payments in kind for éwtypacpfi—atax upon land

,levied apparently on

spec ial occasions (cf. 5 . 59, note) - inhis district to fall intoarrear ; and on

being summoned by A sclepiades to pay up inmoney what was owinghadgone off to A lexandria,hoping that inthe general confusionthat would result

fromhisabsencehis ownshortcomings .might be overlooked. The dioecetes

therefore directed thathe should be ordered to return, and if compliancewas refused thathis property should be confiscated.

Thehistory of this document is prec isely similar to that of the precedingone. The d ioecetes first wrote to A pollonius, the offic ial whohad broughttohis notice the facts of the case, giving general instructionsas to what wasto be done. He thenforwarded acopy of the letter to Asclepiades, andat the same time dispatched cop ies of the two letters toHorus, who sent round

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108 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

9 66807 011 7011 171109 7 171 001011011601 11020px 1¢11001117 6fa1 81’ 011681109177 0 0110y1101

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011 661101 [167 017 611006117 0 11 619 110111011

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01100551101 [1670 7 179 6011706 7 11011119 09 1517 67 6067 0 x 61p0

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[1017p0110170ii1101 611 860117 1 x 01p651 [167 6 9 7 6511 x00p6511

1102 0000 11 617 10176400 11 6y8101111i0609 [11186 7 179 7 6511

7 611111107 0 11 0110011609 0000 [11186 171109 7 069 0010110116019

11020px 1¢11001117 66019 011011017 019 015100671019 xpfi0001 17001 86

11015 025

9 1102 0£fot9 611 7 171 at’17 1'i1 7 0001170p1’

01 81011611619

0130011639 70 7 0 0v 116x 61p10116’

110 8101100110109.

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1170px 0 11 67 1 86 1102 11011 8100030111

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9 7 613560001 01117 11011119 6017 0111)06117 09 7 11109

7110 11611 17p09 ”poet/11111611019 x p6I019 615067 01 1107 007 000010

1rpg 01117 1) 86 0810007 7 0 9 17110006110

611 7 029 0[111$110v0111 619] 7011 7 179 950110007 109

0{6]£y01y 1102 17 0p0 110poyp0p]p07 60 11 617 1003011

7011 7 1100011 7 6511 8vv011[6]110 11 619 7 09 7 6111)

0176 7 6 07 p07 6v0116110 11 1102 7 6511 0000 11

7 65V 7 6170119 1101 1102 611 17 6p1070061 1161116110 11

1102 1102 810061161170 1 1102 7 009 617 17 11860119

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42. 7 of 67 11007 09above 11.

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1102 7 65V 611 611007 111 0g[fi]011 x 61p07p0¢fa9 6111101 3001011100810009

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617 10176p0 11 170011 7 6511 [709] 7 1109509 7 6511 117 11116511 0 1102

27 . OFFICIAL COR R E SPONDE N CE 109

7011 11071071

110717107 60 11 1r[po0]x 0p17y17017067 01 1102 7 6511 67 8101111701700746110 11

011 01 7 6171021102 7 0157 0 11 01 8o]06f001 1107 07 601700117 01 6172

7 p017 6£65[11

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y868011[6]11019

” 111017 1911909

60 0p0117 1'

f6111 61709 1102 7 611177 01 11070 067166011 6£ 0711009, 170pa110;1[f{ 6111 86

6172 7 009 1611-0868617100009 [7 61701119 110271170611 7 0157 0 11 1107 0179017040001 0000

617011 1102 { 17 6712} 7 017 6712709 177167 7007100 6117 60171 6011 713)

011 86011 607 2 17 0p08006117 0 [11 1102] 7 6511 606010 7161100 17p09 7 009 67.1[17]p000611

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65 7 67 071716110 11 1102 7 6511 300101116511 7 710717107 60 7 017671 7 00 71170611

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019 ye1117[71a01711786 7 6511 00117651; 617 10176110 11 600177 60001 01160 7 00 8001101 7011

0000061011 110067 1 17p611617 01, 7 6511 86 1rap0 7 007 0 17011706117 0 11 70 7 6

75 117011171 15170a7 6p60111 0x 017060001 17p09 7 0 61106p10. 1102 7100107 0 6170

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170p0 000 11070 11p07 09 607 01. 01 8'

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810000170011.

I I O TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

58. 7 0117 of 7 0117011above the line. 63. First 0 of xpovovsabove the line. 66.

Above the 0 of 67 11017711110 isan17,and parais written below the line i. e. the word wasoriginallyabbreviated,and thenwrittenout infull ; cf. note on7 011. of 171above the line.

Col. iv.

1 51: band (67 009) 8 M 6x 62p301710

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607 0071611019.

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Hp07 0px [011] 011 7 70617011 M 7 ]0x0629 01703 011001710800 7 00 6172 700

177000680 11 61101171 7 0 611 067 651 6061067161100 17p09 7011

617 1711100011 0170070111706011 1102 6011007167 670011 611

60117 00 0611601 170p01107 6 7161109 716x 711 011 60117 651 067 011 8009

1770011017001

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70 709 0507 71115060 9 7 6511 701177107 0 11, 0117 2

7 00 7 007 0 05 619 7 011 619 7011 1760111 1107017001111

617 61706177 0, 6170 9 7730[y710]709 17000011 8107 71017011 1rap60x 177161

1011 611 701 001176511 7 6511 17p09 7 0 66809 6061

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1[0fi 2 0110017 10861 17700017 6

00 11011071611 [0170px 0]717 0 007 651 17p09 70 611

007 651

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2 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

debt,and that there is nolienuponit for other charges or causes,and that care is beingtakeninorder thatallmay pay the treasury duesas soonas possible ;and (thirdly)by theholders of postsasarchiphylacitae, that they will take care that this isaccomplished inthemanneraforesaid. Thendeposit one copy of the declarationsat the royal bank,and sendtheother tous ;andmake it youraimthat proclamationsare published inthe villages totheefi

'

ect that noone shall let looseanimals uponland sownwithgrassand similar produce,or shall touchthe other second crops without giving securityas set forthabove,and thattheanimals of those who disobey shall be confiscated tomeet the rents. Aboveall bevigilant that the collectionofall revenues be carried outmore punctuallyand that itmaynotagainoccur to you to be involved in similar difficulties Ingeneral considerhowgreatan impulseattention to thematters indicated gives to business, and deemitanessential that there should be no lapse inanything that is ex pedient,and that by thecontinual inventionof further improvements everything should proceedaccording to themethod prescribed by us. For we will notacceptasanex cuse either force oranythingelse whatever, ‘andany losses will be rigorously exacted fromyou. Whichever day youreceive this letter give notice of the fact.’

5- 8. Cf. 11. 49

- 5 1 , where the class fromwhichthe were tobe takenismore prec isely Specified.18. The supplement 707: 17770

1.‘

Eppia]v seems to be necessary, for the letters arecertain,and there is noroominthe lacunabetween 7 and v forabroader letter than 0.

M oreoveramentionof Hermias is required eitherhere or inl. 19, where it cannot well beobtained. The difliculty is that inl. 98 , whichbelongs toadocument dated inthe same yearand notmore thanamonthlater, Asclepiades is giventhe same title 6171 raw171100680 11. Wemust conclude that the office wasat least duplicated inthe Fayfimat this period. The factthat inl. 20 Asclepiades is told that the injunctions to Hermiasapply equally tohimselfpoints inthe same direction. Line 19 seems to show that Hermias wasassigned somespecial department :mp4 strongly suggests li t/14801 ; the letters ptarehowever doubtful.111i [r ]o cannot be read.

2 r. 0611010716019 11020px 10v001161[7 ]66019 2 inl. 29 below theyare found combined inasingleperson; cf. note on5 . 1 59.

27 sqq. Theheadingand Opening lines of this letterare difli cult. If Hameltotes (2)is takentobe the father of Hermias 7 00must bealtered to 7 61

,and 61 7 871'np[ov] wouldmeanthatHermiaswas stayingwithHorus. It is thensomewhat curious that the dioecetes

incommunicatingwithHoms should take the roundaboutmethod of sending tohimacopy( if the letter toAsclepiades,afterhavingalready writtentoHermias inthehouse of Horus.

This objectionishardly conclusive, butamore serious difficulty is 0170705119 a67167171601711 imipx cro inll. 28and 34. The subject of 61707 650: c

’

u-épxmcanhardly be other

thanthe dioecetes Irenaeus (it is inany case very strange thathis name isnotmentioned);and this letter was writtenforhimby someone else. Inthat case the name of the writer,who speaks in the first person, would be ex pected inl. 27. Aneasy solutionof thisdifiiculty would be to suppose the loss of 81’after ‘

Ep711’a1 ; but it is notatall easy to see

whyany one inthe oflice of Horus should beactingas secretary to the dioecetes. With611 7 61

'0p[011] cf. 12. 3.

28.maxapfaas z for this word inthe sense of ‘ laying down,’ defining,’

cf. P.Par. 63.

1 20 7086max cxopwpe'vor 611 0070(sc. 7 173

31 . 86110116 1 : the occurrence of this word inadocument of the 2nd century is

surprising, but it is confirmed by 25 1,asomewhat later tex t, where the reading061101166asanastrological termis found inpapyri of the early Romanperiod (e.g. P. Brit.

M us. and officials of some kind called 8mm!appear inanOx yrhynchus papyrus

27 . OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE I 13

151 the rst century AID. (P. Ox y. I I . I t isanold dispute whether 061101161 is derivedfrom86110 or 0111111. The present passageand 25 1 dispose finally of the.question.

32. 60117 00: se. Theodotus. Cf. 35 . 8 07167 71071710 6117 601767 611 1102810 709 7 00110 7107710717107 60 9

32-

3. 7760070602111 67711011 73110 10111011 these declarations were no doubt similar to thoseprescribed inll. 53 sqq.

37. 6111011671111 ishereageneral termincluding 77011770,and strictlymeans ‘after-cropscf. Hesych. 617601707111‘

1 6 0677111111. I tappears,however, from71. 1 2 thataracus, whichwas themost important of the 77011710, was one of the first crops tohe sown.

671810010060 9 : of. l. 5 7 6y8101x 170170 1171[6vuv, 7 2. 46 1 ,and 89. 4, 69 67 8101100600 7 , where themeaning collect

’is quite clear.

OTPQTWOflf'

v : cf. note on5 . I 68.

5 2 sqq. Apparently three sets of oaths were required, ( 1) fromthe 0170111127 111and7 611177107 001

'

10ax s9 (ll. 5 2 (2)fromsuperior ofli c ials inthe positionof Hermiasand thebasilico-

grammateis (ll. 64 (3)from6717710000 100 (ll. 68 The positionof the superioroflficials betweenthe 0110111617 111and 0px 10v0a11‘ira1 is somewhatawkward,apart fromtheminordifliculty that 01’ would be ex pected for 7 6 inl. 64. But it seemshardly possible toobtainasatisfactory constructionor sense onany other view of the passage.

5 7-

9. The sense is.thatamounts due upon8110 1011107167might be paid inmoney insteadof inkindand the 7 11171o be permitted to retainthe crop, incases where this concessioncould occasionnoloss to the government ; for 61780 0 0000040” cf. note oni. 37.

59. 177761 7 6 11081711011 11 : tomeet the treasury-dues so1. 75 177501 7 6 611067110.60. 0povr£{ 11v 11. seems tobe part of the oathof the 0110111177 111, inwhichcaseacon

'

unctionmust be supplied. 071017 111111 could be connected with”poo-710180460011 777117710p 041] ;ut there would thenbe ex pectedacloser correspondence in the supposed terms of the

” 1177107 107106, 0porrt'

few 6170 9 Withwhathas preceded. M oreover0710117601111 6170 9 110270000ismuchmorenaturalat the end of the oaththanat the beginning of the ” 177107 10710.

6 1 . 1107 017p01'

706[0001 : cf. 5 . 188- 90 04115061 86 11112 7 009 11070 7011 x épav 011001167 09) 7 6111170p0

'

yp000716110 11 1rp0s d 1107 017p06'

1'

117 01 7 611670107 062. [602040 1 1 cf. P. Petrie I I . 2 ( 1)9—70 709 7410060 1111 0101071600600: 110700000111 [11070]611067110 67 00 0006019 8000,and P. Amb. 43. 7- 8 0170867 0 67 011 0606019 7 6511 1711v

1111771111311 7611171 111. 60101: inthis connex ionmeans the offic ial release of theharvestafter theclaims of the governmenthad beenmet. The probable occurrence -of 506016 in this sensehere so soonafter 1011 606011 [7 1311] in l. 5 5 suggestsanew ex planationof that obscurephrase ; cf. 5 . 36

—7, note.

£211 716 is ex tremelyawkwardafter 6006] 611611. The construction is easiest if 617011611 is regardedas parenthetical.

63. 601010710111 11710: 7 001 2741110006111 xpdvow appears tomeanpaymentsmade out ofthe produce of the current year tomeetarrears of previous years.

64. 6111417671111; is ,not satisfactory ; 01

'

cannot be read. Perhaps65

—6. 7011 61727011 00160111 7 6511 6017 611177107 0 11 "07107 11167160” is obscure. 7011 004107 1116

71111011might be ex plainedasanofficial concerned withthe collectionof dues fromCrownland ; but 60 17 11 177161 1» is notatall the word that would be ex pected insuchaconnex ion,and nothinghas preceded to which107 6x 1710 could onthis view refer—apart fromthedifficulty that an ofli cial of this kind is notheard of elsewhere. It therefore seemspreferable togive 60 1-711107167 1111 its commonsense of surplus,

’

i e what remained over whenthe claims of the government were satisfied,and totake 701 7107067111101asacollectivesingularmeaning the 7 111171701; 11117 67717111 will thennaturally refer to60 17 1107167 0 1 . But tofindsohighanoflic ialas 6 6172 f ew 117700681 111 or .eventhe 780010110 1 directly responsiblefor duties of this nature is surprising.

114 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

75 . o-re

'

p ww is for trrr'

pqo'w. Cf. for the construction24 . 5 5 M ama-taper r6 ri smopoho‘

yt'as d'yd‘

yomv.78

—9. r

'

e qrav rm pantie : cf. P. Par. 63. 73 ovpfiakrtrat port-bu 619 rdnpodprm.

Col. iv.

Received inthe 4thyear, M echeir 14.

Horus to the komogrammateis, greeting. Appended isacopy of the letter fromIrenaeus, the king’

s cousinand dioecetes. Make out thereforeareturnof the property inyour districts belonging to Protarchus, and send it tome withfull details ( i) by themessenger showing this order, so that the Otherarrangementsmay beaccomplished inaccordance withthe instructions. Good-bye. The 4thyear, M echeir lo.

Irenaeus toHorus, greeting. Appended isacopy of the letter toAsclepiades. Takecare therefore that its directionsare followed. 4thyear, Dystrus 2 1 , Tubi 2 1 .

ToAsclepiades. Appended isacopy of the letter toApollonius. G ive goodheedtherefore that’its instructions be carried out.

To Apollonius. Ihave read your letter concerning the case of Protarchus,howafter receiving orders fromAsclepiades, the overseer of the revenues, topay downinmoneytheamount owing for the epigraphe inhis department,and to behave inamore decorousmanner inhishouse untilhe should take counselwithhimselfand provide for themanagement of the revenues, instead of doing thishe sailed downto the city inorder that owingto the great confusionwhichwould be evinced inthe collectionof the rest of the debts forthe tax , Asclepiadesmight be careless concerninghis affairs. I have therefore dulyinstructed the ofi dals concerned wi thsuchmatters so thathemay be summoned by

proclamation,and, ifhe does notappear, be proclaimedadefaulter,and Ihave directedAsclepiades (toseize)his property tomeet the debts inhis department.’

85 . capowrittenabove the line was intended tosupersedemo inrw oypodpkrlcam].89. Perhaps [too-6p. 9 ; cf. 14. r t .

99. i vati -rot : cf. 5 . 227 , 7 2. 332.

103. Themutilated word ending in4 49 is probablyaparticiple. aunt. is possible.rov rlr fl)v solar nardfrhovv the use of the wordmrdnhovs indicates that "hM athere,as often,means Alexandria. It seems tohave beenafavourite ex pedient for oflicials in

difliculties togooff toAlexandriaor elsewhere ; cf. 24 . 34, 28 . 7and 14.

28 . LETTER FROM Droscumnss AN D AM ENN EUS TO PTOLEMAEUS.

28-

9 verso. x mt. Aboutac. “4.

A letter addressed to Ptolemaeus by Dioscuridesand Amenneus aboutthe revenues of the . nome, writtenon the verso ofapetitionfromM enchesto the king While the petitionis completeat bothends, the letter ontheverso is slightly defective at the ends of lines. Probably the pet itionwasjoined toanother document whenthe verso came to be used,and the letteronthe verso is only the first columnofaseries. Thereare references in it toadocument said to beappended (l. 8)and to persons to bementioned (1.but these do not appear. The constructions,as is oftenthe case inofficial

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I I 6 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

"20 7 0611101! drac uipevot efipapem'éflak do'x ohfiav] e’

v 7 019 raree’

1rt0x 64rtg [éhnx pofimw ratmet» raw ris]‘

rb fiammbfi7001700t trapahetpdfit.

fppmqfo. (grow)

3. l. “ paydapyafl’av. 4. Initial r of r[m;p}raop0v corr.Dioscuridesand Amenneus toPtolemaeus, greeting. Some of thehindrances placed

in the way of the performance of our work throughthe insolent conduct of thekomogrammateis in the nome,andhow further “

in M esore of the year, whenwevisited various places in the nome,having beenappointed for this dutyand wishingto inquire into the reports senth'omthe nome, namely the list of deductionsand soon,theyhad gone without giving us the written records,have been recounted by us toIrenaeus in theappended letter. At the present time also since they show the samebehaviour in their reports, and whenthe crop inorder to prevent the details beingaccurately known andhavemade the voyage downto Alexandriaas said, we begyou to look into thematters indicated,and ifanyadvantage to the T reasury canbegained by the coming inquiries, tomake arrangements for seeing that the personsmentioned are secured, in order that the restmay obtainaconspicuous illustrationto showhow you will suppress wrong-doingandmay be thereby incited tomake easierfor us the performance of our duty inconnex ionwiththe inquiries,and that the Crowninterestsmay be innoway neglected. Good-bye.

’

Date.

7 . rd t'

nrdkoyov : Cf. App. i. 9. rd M ayorml f dh<h>ais inapposition to rd

{German the wordhere is usedmerelyas the Opposite ofmemo inl. 5 ,and does not imply that the komogrammateishad beenobliged to go. From1. 14itappears that theyhad chosento go to Alexandriaat this juncture, inorder toavoidthe inquiry whichwas tobeheld ; cf. 27 . 103

—7 .

8. 7 6. x etpas : x elp isapparently used inthe sense of x rtpoypmpt'a; cf. 110. r3, P. Ox y.

II . 264. 1 2, 269. i. 12. room» refers to the ofl'

ending xmmypq rris. p t) ddsFN 9 omi ttingfoes-w wouldhave beenabetter construction.

9. cf. R ev. Laws x vi. 10, note. Inthat papyrus itreturns of revenues received by the tax farmers. Here the dva¢opalhad apparentlybeen sent out of the nome (cf. 1. i. e. to the office of the dioecetes at Alexandna,towhichDioscuridesand Amenneus probably belonged ; cf. introd.

r4. radonnyalnrat refers back to16. 66mm

,as it stands,has no subj ect unless u is supplied at the end of l. 16,whichisnot very satisfactory.

19.mowdmpov M urderer] : cf. P. Amb. II . 35 . 48 where read (window). The traceson e would suit v

,and perhaps be 6: should be read ; but 6 : 6. would be

redundantafter 600 : inl. 18.

2 1 . r’

txporjmw : anew. verb, literally tinge.

’

Themetaphorical use of it iscurious. here is very little doubtabout the reading, for the onlyalternative is [abj uxpoé0000

, whichis stillmore difi cult.

29. OFF ICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 1 17

29. LETTER TO THE CHREMATISTAE .

26 7 x 14 em. About 1 10.

A letteraddressed to the chrematistae (cf. 5 . 207, note) throughtheiretdaywyeti s, by Polemonalso called Petesuchus, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris,and no doubt identical withthe Petesuchus who succeeded M enches in the7thyear ; cf. 10. introd . A complainthad beensent to the chrematistae bytwo brothers called A cusilausand Ptolemaeusaccusing the komogrammateusof defrauding themof their land. A Copy of this petitionhad, as usual,been returned to the writers for presentation to Petesuchus, whohadmadeananswer to the charges. Inthe present documentheasks forapostponementof the trial onthe ground of the pressing character ofhis official duties.

A bove the letter to the chrematistaeareafew lines ofatax ing-accountwritteninadifferenthand,and thereare ends of lines ofapreceding column.

Tots xpnparunafs (he eloaymyet‘zs' A ¢p[.

nape Hoke/auras 7 06 Her eootfix ov

Kmpoypappar r'ms Kepx eom’prai s 7 179 H0

)tépaww pepfdos. o v00\00[9 Ital 117 05hepaios of 8150

‘Hpaxhet’dov fair e’

[x rfis‘

xa'mm0008680 1:c [ Mt trap’

15,1[63v dw i

ypa¢ov éw rtffews

Oat pr adréiv ‘

yijv, 6 s the x 02 rv‘

yx [évwairndg[8wx ]d>9mutt! 1m[ . 0

my 7 779 7 06mm0 .]Aq9. raged-

r t)

x 61'[o]9 08V 7 00 8603009 Katmai? 1179 3113157 119

Ixavfi9 ¢opohoyfas 1rrpr[00179

8mypa¢fi9 pat e’

rrtx rtpémyt [ far t'

l

xpflas] Bamc a’Bvx 02W ptl/W pepwpoi), 106 Kat[p00ati

1rpo08rop€vov 6007 615onwaperrg[0x rfvrd xad' rjpfi 9 péxpt ou t 7 179 1rpo[x et

pe’

rns dwohvdfikat Tva[11178311 fit

émr68tor.9. 1. tip?! for Instr . 13. l. r

’mrrtpc'm9. 14. I. fli t x prt'at. 19. First 0 Of $ 1 051”

118 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

To the chrematistae whose clerk is Do fromPolemonalso called Petesuchus,komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris inthe divisionof Polemon. Acusilausand Ptolemaeus,bothsons of Heraclidesand inhabitants of the said village,have presented tome fromyouacowofapetitionalleging that Ihad defrauded themof some land,aboutwhichI toohave presented to youamemorandumrebutting their charge. Since the proper timefor the vintage (P)hasarrivedand ex cessive care is necessary toproduce sufficient revenue,and Ihave impending the payment of the tax esand items of the corn- dues for whichmy office is responsible, I ask you,as the occasion itself requires, to give orders thatmy case shall be postponed until I

'amfree fromthe laboursabovementioned, inorderthat Imay not behindered inmy duties.’

2 . nolépamrob"ml Hmooqxou : elsewherehe is styled Petesuchus simply, e. g.

5 8 . 1 . I t is not unlikely thathe was the sonof M enches, whose father was calledPetesuchus (11. 1)and whohadabrother Polemon(19. 1 , cf. 17 . The practiceofmaking twonamesalternate indifferent generations, so that grandfatherand grandsonhave the same names, is well illustrated by the survey- lists, 61.- 8 .

10. Themutilated word isapparently not { nun-opti c.1 1 .W e : some wordmeaningharvest is required by the contex t and oopoxoyt'a

occurs especial] inconnex ionwithvine- land cf. Rev. Laws x x x iii . 13.

13. the responsibility for the collectionof the various tax es was dividedamong the officials ;atax whichwas t'mox rfprvov to the komogrammateus in the third

century A.D. occurs inB. G . U. 337. 9. At this period the tax esmentioned in89 werevery likely timeshare to theminof the komogrammateus, whichwouldaccount for theirappearance in61. (6)and 7 2, since those documents if not drawnup by M enches werebased uponhis reports ; cf. App. i. 1 .

30. CORR ESPONDENCE CONCERNING A CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP.

27 ‘ 7 x 31 ‘ 7m. 8 000 1 5 5 0

A copy of correspondence between several officials withregard to theownership ofaxAfipos of 24arourae, whichhad recently changedhands. Takingthe letters intheir chronologicalorder, the earliest isapetitionfromDidytnarchussonof A pollonius, aMacedonian of the 5 thhipparchyand owner of 100mm

,to Ptolemaeusand Hestiaeus, the officials incharge of the distribution

of M omto the Ktt‘rOtKOt ormilitary settlers (cf. App . i . complaining thatthoughae pos of 24 arourae near Kerkeosirishad been cededtohimby Petronsonof Theon,aPersianbelonging to the samehipparchy ,the land was still entered in the offic ial lists as belonging to its late owner(11. 15 On what terms Petronhad ceded the land is not stated.

There is nothing to show that the cessionwas compulsory, or that it was theresult ofasale. The napaxoi pnots was probably avoluntary transfer, due

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120 TE E TUNIS PAPYR I

7 b dw fypa¢06 6176x 617 0} , 81709 ‘

rt’

da‘os xarax ohovflfis 7 029

4

57170000. B T6Bt'm).

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7 01110 44561 7 6V xarot’xaw emu-

rohiis' wept 03

6mpafvovmwapax exwp600¢u~A tt3vpépxmt 15176 H67 pmvo9 7 06

8 G r'awos trepi K rp x ew fpw (dpovpéir) x 8 Kai aim01 7 700111107 679 dvemvfijda

01V dw fypadm6176x et‘rat.

3 Tfifit x f.

H7 0Aqraw9 Kai ‘

Eo'rtefos' Hwohham’wt xat’petv. 7 06 8680716900 flpt'

v

[6]170pvfip07 09 nape A tdvpdpx ov 7 06 Hnov fov

Max eM vos 7 69 e 111-(170p 09)7 6V (éxarowapofipmv)7 3 dvrfypaoov 61707 6 74xapev. £1722 06V Ital 02 trap’

fipé‘

w ypappar rfsdvemv6xa0w yryovévat a67 6r 7 9W wapaxa'rpt p 7 6V 118] (dpovpé

‘

w)xaha'591701600 9 [L ovw dfas

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(57 009) V8 fiappofietHrohrpat’aot Ital ‘

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A tSvpdpx ov 7 06 Hwo’thawfovMax ed6vo9 7 69 e In-(rrap as) why napax exmpqpe’vov

you 6178 He'

fip]mvo9 7 06 Gran/O9 11611000 7 69 067 779

Inms fas 7 bv étrépx ovr’ariréic x M ipov wept .

Kepx eooi‘

pw 7 559 [Hopte'

pawos’

pepf809 (cipovpéiv) x 8, 7 63V 83

171169 7 269 ypamrar efats dyvoorfwwv 7 7)v yryow i‘av wept e

’

[po]6 olx ovopfavx 02E. .l] inaimypdgbovm

7 6V‘

xhiipov rt’

9 7 6V Herpmva, rifts? ovv'

réfat ypddrat HwohMaflvfmt 7 6 1

Bac tAt il ypapparef i'v’

£ 18619

dvaypdqnj t ei’

s pr (dpofipar)an? IV rerevx chs

2 2 nape 7 63V ypappar e’wv. rfit nape Hroltqmt’ov Kai 1-

[6v] yrvo

pe’

vaw wpbs 7 111 06 117 61561 7 0W

23 Karot'mw 211-treaty npox equs’vm wept aTw ypd¢o[v0t] wapax exmp600ru AtSvpdpxmt unov fov

30. OFFI CIAL CORR ESPONDENCE 12 1

6113 1167 70011109 7 06 9 6111109 7 611 budpx ovr’

067 6 1 wept Kep[x 100]fp1v 7 69

Hcite/1091109 prpf809 Khfipov (a’povpéiv) x 8wapemyrypamre’rov dveveyx efv 7 51 711189 7 267 0, ém0xowro6v7 ¢9 Std

7 06 dflohoywpoii 7 06 éM ¢w 9

7 06 118 (37 009) 7 559 Kepx ew fprms ebpt’ax opev dvaypa¢6pevov év q povx fat

c’

v 7 61 5772 7 06 1707 1159 7 06 3001116019

xa7aprpe7 pqp€m1 é¢68019 perafiefiqmira£29 7611 xa7 orx 1'av (dpovpé‘w)as 1122 7 069 wept roe‘

E w refov

ypdpetv flapax rxmpfi0001 7 631 A 18vpépxm1 dvaqbe'poyev.

3 T1761 x 8.

18 . l. cimypacpéwov. 19. 1 of 1180 1above the line.

(M emorandumby M enches) Onnophris, 24 arourae, total 24. The 2nd year,Tubi 29. Received inthe zad year, Tubi

Onn0phris to M enches, greeting. A copy isappended of the letter of Apolloniussonof Posidonius; basilico-

grammateus, about the 24 arourae near Kerkeosiris statedtohave beenceded toDidymarchus sonof Apollonius by Petronsonof Theon, inorderthat you being informedmay ex ecute its instructions. Good- bye. 2nd year, Tubi 28.

Apollonius sonof Posidonius to Polemon, greeting. Copiesare appended of theletter fromPtolemaeusand Hestiaeus, late superintendents of thearrangement of catoeci,concerning the 24 arourae near Kerkeosiris whichthey state tohave been ceded to

Didymarchus sonof Apollonius by Petronsonof Theon, and of the scribes’

report.and year, Tubi 27 .

Ptolemaeus and Hestiaeus to Apollonius, greeting. Wehave appended acopyOf the petition whichhas been presented to us by Didymarchus sonof Apollonius,aMacedonianof the fifthhipparchy of thehundred-arouraemen. Since our scri besalsohave reported that the cessionof the 24arouraehasactually beenmade tohim,please order the land to be entered accordingly on your list too underhis name.

s4thyear, Pharmouthi 8.

To Ptolemaeusand Hestiaeus, first friendsand superintendents of thearrangement(of catoeci), fromDidymarchus sonof Apollonius,aMacedonianof the fifthhipparchyof thehundred-arouraemen. As Petronsonof Theon,aPersianof the samehipparchy,has ceded tomehisholding of 24arourae near Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemon,but the scribes being ignorant of this transactionaffectingme continue to register theholding under the name of Petron, I beg you toorderaletter tobe writtentoApolloniusthe basilico-

grammateus, so thathe being informedmay register theaforesaid 24arouraeundermy name,and Imay obtainredress. Farewell.

Fromthe scribes. A notehaving beeninserted ontheabove letter fromPtolemaeusand Hestiaeus, late superintendents of the arrangement of catoecic cavalry - soldiers,about theholding of 24arourae near Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemonownedby Petron son of Theon, whichthey writehas been ceded byhimto Didymarchusson of Apollonius, requesting us to report upon the case, we, on examining theland- register ofKerkeosiris for the 54thyear, “

findhimentered inthe cleruchyas owning24arourae inthe landapportioned inthe reignof the king’

s father to the , ephodiand

122 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

ashaving beentransferred to the eatoeci , concerning whichland we report that theagentsof Hestiaeusalso write saying that ithas beenceded toDidymarchus. The 2nd year,Tubi

6 . rawyevopr'tmvW6: 1651 war denrawmain » : inthe Romanperiod theassignment ofland to 111i7 01x 01 was inthehands of officials called 0vv7 0x 7 1110f under 6 t pd9 7 039 eard oxwpoi'r(of. P. Grenf. I I:42. A 06 67 0117 11169 isalso found in120. 50, 191and 25 8 . mines“ inthe phrase of 117769 u

‘

i1 wan (Wilcken, 0st. I . p. the officials to whom«67 011 01paid the 0 7 i ¢01109 tax ,means,as the present passage shows, arrangement,’ not contribution,

’as ex plained by the editor. pdx tpoc c urrax rurot' occur inP. Fay. Towns 145 .

16. Onthehipparchiesat this period cf. note on82. 9.

25 . dnohoywpofi 7 06 66616001 : cf. 61. (6)2 16. The reference is toadocument like 61.2 7. 34mm: peraBrfiqxdra cf. 82. introd.and 62. 139

-

46. The constructionisharsh, whether prmfirfiqx tfrais co-ordinate withdvaypadrdprvor or dependent onit. I f xkijppvis supplied witha’vaypatpdpoov,maficfiqx éramust bealtered to 7 019maflrfiqxéow. The 24arourae owned by Petron representedhisallowanceasanephodus,and thoughwhenhebecameacatoecushealso became probablyaframdpovpos,he continued toownnomorethan24arouraeat Kerkeosiri s ; cf. 82. 1 8

,note,and p. 548.

81. CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING A CHANGE or OWNERSHIP.

23-22. 143 x cm. 1 12.

A copy of correspondence concerning another change of ownership of

axAfipos, couched inalmost the same termsas 80, but writtenthree years later,and without areport of the scribes of the fia01h1x 69 wanna-mis, Horus, whoshowshimselfmuchmore ex ped itious thanhis predecessor Apollonius. L ines15 - 22 containanapplication to the official 7 7069 7 61 00117 661 1, in this caseA ristippus, fromDionysius sonof Dionysius, aMacedonian, requesting thataxMipos of 3458; arourae ceded tohimby M enander sonof Pantauchus shouldbe entered correctly onthe official survey-list,and corresponding to 80. 15 - 2 1 .

Lines Io-

4arealetter fromA ristippus tothe ypappamir, correspondingto 80. 10- 4. Onthe same day the letter of A ristippus was sent onto Marres

,

the ror oypapparais (ll. 6 who forwarded the correspondence to M enches(ll. 2—5 ; cf. 80. 2

,Ar the top is the usual offic ial docket. The required

alterationwasmade inthe survey- list cf. 8 5 . 25and note on8 5 . 1 7 .

The writing isacross the fibres of the recto.

éMéfioprr) (17 08 9) e 21444411610

2ndhand [Mappfis] M eyx rf xafprtv. 7 179”npau fia0dt1x o6

émmht’is wept 179 dqhoi‘

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24 7 5 3 7 11l PAPYRI

Aristippus to Horus, greeting. I have appended acow of the petition whichhas beenpresented tome by Dionysius sonofDionysius,aMacedonian,about theholdingof 345

5, arourae near Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemonwhichhe stateshas been

ceded tohimby M enander sonof Pantauchus. Please therefore give instructions forthe said land tobe registered onyour list toounderhisname. 5 thyear, Phamenoth3 2.

To Aristippus, one of the first friends and superintendent of the arrangement(of catoeci), fromDionysius son of Dionysius, Macedonian. As M enander son of

Pantauchushas ceded tomehisholding of 3439,arourae near Kerkeosiris inthe divisionOf Polemon, but the scribes being ignorant of the transactionwhichhas taken placecontinue to register theaforesaidholding under the name of M enander, I beg you to

directaletter to be sent to the basilico-

grammateus inorder thathe being informedmay register theaforesaid 3493, arourae undermy name,and so Imay obtainredress.

Farewell.’

32. CORRESPONDENCE CON CERN ING A N EW CATOECUS.

This copy of correspondence is similar informto 80and 81, but .differs insubj ect. It relates tothe transference of Asclep iades sonof Ptolemaeus fromthe ephodi to the catoecic cavalry. This change wasmade by the epistatesand secretary of these catoeci, Apollodorus, who sentaletter to SosusandA egyptus, ofli c ials describedas appointed by the woAlrevptaof the Cretans, towhichbody A sclepiadeshad lately beenadmitted . A pollodorushad directedthat A sclepiades should receive 24arourae of landat Kerkeosirisand be placedinthe 5thhipparchy of the éxarovrdpovpot ;and these instructions were sent on

by Sosusand A egyptus toPan'

crates, whowas incharge of thearrangement ofthe catoecic cavalry, withadescriptionof the personalappearance ofA sclepiadesandhis infant son'. Pancrates forwarded acopy of this letter to the basilicogrammateus ;andanother toA ristippus, probably the tOpogrammateus (cf. 1. 1 ,note), enclosing acopy ofhis letter to the basilico-

grammateus. FinallyA ristippus sentacomplete copy of the correspondenceas ithad reachedhimto E umelus’

, probably the komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, withdirectionsto see that Asclepiades ishould be released fromthe duties previouslyattachingtohimasanephodus ; cf. 124 . 37

—40. A sclepiades appears in the catoecus

listsamong the perafiefinxdres £ 19 7811 1 117 0t 11 If 3111680111 inthe reignof Philometor, e.g. 62. 91 , 68 . 76 ;and the 36thyear, inwhichthe correspondence isdated, probably refers to the same reign.

The writing, whichis largeandhandsome, isacross the fibres of the recto.2111217 10 1709 E épfihm 7 69 7 017 17p89 7 131

0111176561 76 11 11117 01710111 imre'wv yeypappe'mnfip iv

32. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE 125

001 dw fypaflor. 07 6x 0001 01711 8170 9 [ I ]?

[7 811’

A0]x i\1717 1686 11 119 709 é¢081x 09 Ae17 011p1

y1'

09. fppw o. (57 0119) [A]?1109111

5 [I I 07 ]x p07 1)9 3411107 67170 1 x 01'

pe111. 69 617 107 01169

7 1101110447 6"

7 8 Wflffl'flXfl/I GV[8171119 e1

'

]8619. (27 0119) A; Qapeva‘oo7 69 11

'

0p0 2050011 7 6 11 8

77p0]x e¢p100€117 0111 15178 170M 7 §151107 [o9 7 611 K11117 6 11

lo [7 67 11014 1616 9] 61161 é17 107 0h69 1517811 7 6 11 21048617 10861 0116 116117 0 11

[0117 1p 11 15]176x e17 01 [8jmu9 618619 pe7 0x et’

pe11011

[1101 7 61167 01 d]x 0)\0150019 7 079 77p007 e7 07p611019.

[36009] 11024 [f]y11m'09 1707 114047 111 xat'pew. 61742] 17p9[07 €7 0]117 01 81’

6116 11

[7 089] 1107 01110119.

13717659 1 7 letters

1 5 [101 [r1i'

1i]11 17116110411 ¢1711011 [8

[x 02] ypapp07 689 7 6511 1107 0810111 lmre’wv 7 611 e’

17 1x ex 01p6/16110[11

7 631 170k17 66p07 1 7 6 11 K[ 167 6 11 d118p0’

511 H0t r1d8m1Hrohepafou M 0x e86110 7 6311 11070 pep1

'

80 €¢68a111 811 3x c1 11A6[p011

1rep2Kepx ew fpw [7 69] Hohépawo9 pepf809 (dpovpa‘Bv)x 8. 11031619 01711 77060419

20 x 07 0x 0>p1'

009 11023038611 511 7 61 17611117 61 l17(170px 1'

01) 7 611 (81107 011

7 0p015pa111) x 02ZnoM odépm 88 x 0[ i] 7 611 elx 6110 01317 00

1102 7 017 vlofi 7 8 8110110.

507 111 88 089 xfi Bp0x 89 pehfxp(m9) 118007 89 20 letters

vl89 H7 ohe110i09 111711611 rre’

w e

Onthe versoE tipfihm.

I 7. 11 of 0011811171081”mmfrom9.Aristippus to Eumelus, greeting. Appended you will find acopy of the letter

written tome by Pancrates, the superintendent of the arrangement of the catoeciccavalry. Endeavour therefore not to trouble Asclepiades withthe duties of ephodus.Good-bye. The 361hyear, Pauni

Pancrates to Aristippus, greeting. Wehaveappended for your informationacopyof the letter written by us to the basilico-

grammateus. The 3othyear,Phamenoth

To Appended isacopy of the letter writtentous by Sosusand Aegyptus,

TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

appointed by the polity of the Cretans, relating to theaffairs of Asclepiades, inorderthat youmay know ofhis removal to the fifthhipparchy and that the instruc tionsmay be carried out.

Sosusand Aegyptus toPancrates, greeting. Since ordershave beengiventhroughus that the catoec ic cavalry should be Apollodorus, one of the first friendsandepistatesand secretary of the catoecic cavalry,has sentme fromthe 5ccmenwhohavebeengranted the polity of the Cretans Asclepiades sonof Ptolemaeus

,aMacedonian

of the divisional ephodi , on condition thathehas aholding of 24 arourae in theneighbourhood of Kerkeosiris in the division of Polemon. Kindly therefore register

the fact and receivehiminto the fifthhipparchy of thehundred-arouraemen, and

communicate withApollodorus. Wehave, further,appended the descriptionof Asclepiadesand the name ofhis son. He isabout 22 years ofage, short, fair, curly-haired hissonis Ptolemaeus,aged 5months.

’

1 . Aristippus fromhis positionwas probably the topogrammateus ; cf. 81, where Marresand M enchesappear in the same placesas Ari stippusand Eumelushere. Pancmtes isperhaps identical withthe Pancratesmentioned in99 . 6.

4. {W 61 1 the 3¢ o ex ercised the same kind of functionsas the 410710112101, withwhomtheyare coupled inaPetrie papyrus published inRev. Laws, p. 189 ; cf. p. 5 5o.

Froml. 18 it wouldappear that Asclepiades was ephodus of the lu pir, not ofavillage,buthe seems tohave owned landat Kerkeosiris beforehe becamea116mmcf. note onl. 18and 98 . 3 J¢obei09 «611119.

9. r [o]1'

3 nohtnflpaflos 7 6 11 Kprrrfiv : cf. l. 1 7. Asclepiades, who as “1080: wasa‘Macedonian (cf. 1. onbecominga116mmimrn'

rcassumed the nationality ofaCretan. Thehipparchies were inthe third century s .e. sometimesarranged by nationalitiesas wellas by numbers,as is shownbyanunpublished Petrie papyrus. In the secondcentury, so faras is known, thehipparchies were generally numbered,and the sthhipparchyto whichAsclepiades was promoted contained Macedonians and Persians as well asCretans ; cf. 80. 16. From187 itappears that the x d wpx im, whichprobably were thecorresponding divisions of the infantry, werealsonumbered,as inthe third centurya. c. (cf.P. Petrie I I . p. 37 (03

a); but the same papyrusmentionsalsoaimapx t'aor x chmpx c'aofthe Thessalians, an 82 shows that some kind ofmilitary organizationby nationalitiescontinued to ex ist inEgypt,as inCyprus, where the crowd of the various nationalitiesare frequentlymentioned in inscriptions ; cf. P. M eyer, Hen

-11119111, p. 93. The obscure

class of w yym‘

is uniform, whoare oftenheard of inthe reignof Philometor (82. 58,

is perhaps to be connected withanarrangement by nationalities. The purelymilitarysignificance of these national titles isalso illustrated by P. Fay. Towns 1 1and 1 3 , whereTheotimus sonof Phileas is described firstasaPersianof the Epigo'ne,’and abouttwelve years laterasaM ysianof the 4thhipparchy.

’ Inthe intervalhehad no doubtbecomea1167 011109 ; cf. p. 5 46.

1 1 . Afterm’1[-rb]y something like 12: 7611 e tu-(napx iav)is required, but it is not possible

toread ris.

14. The wordafter land“

: is not 3410809 inany form.1 5 . 1 110116801101 : cf. 81. (b)2 22 , and Strack, 3 11109112 1117 P101., Inscr. 105 Baal-fa

Drohepaiov 04811 E t’npyc'rqv016 11 '

Arrohh680p09 '

A¢'

7ov 7 6 11 rrpfaid-70 11 ¢ i)1m1, 8 817107 67 69ml7110111107 181 16 11 1107 01710011 11min»

,who is perhaps the same person. The fact that the inscription

belongs to the nex t reignneed cause no difi culty, since 82 was writtenat the very end of,

Philometor’s reign.18. 3x 11 : the possessionof 24arouraeat Kerkeosiris by Asclep iades seems tohave

beenaconditionofhis promotion to the rank of catoecus. 24arourae was the ordinary

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1 28 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

Hoxhqfimida). A eéx tos M{macs '

Pmpafos' r6v dub

ow xhq‘

rov cv [u'

fomrifta'mar t x42]“u plift

5 x efpevos rbv ex 1179 drain-how cm: 7 00 Apoc(vofrOv)e’

1ri Oewpfav flatovpevos peyaho{v} 1rpe1rew epov

éydexoiirwt, xai ¢p6wwov «Sr érri 7 6»

aqx 6v1-mv r61rmva? re avhai xaraa'x evaqam)at drrb rofirmv éyfiq'mpfat) e[.

1r . o'vvrekeodfla'owat Kai ut’

tran1rpoa'eve fia'g'rat 1 139 e

’

yfiqmpfas) “rd fir oyeyxappe'va) f

Kai.

7 [d] sis 7 611 “hi s atikfis' xarapfla'pbuKai rd yewépevov 7 6 : Herea'orixmt Kai rotsdrqogfor 5 9 } “

rd upbs Thy 7 00 Aafivpfvflov Oéarxai 1rd Gui/turd Kai r ife

Qrsflals x mt ei 41 9 5» 7 3 3’ W" i s ? zféylw v

fl)? peyfmv ¢pow f8aworovpe’vov 7 00 eédox ofififlgfor xarmaflflvat] thy v i car, upoaevéyxatmrovdr)[v] 011 18 letters . po

14 letters 1»

lo 5 r p r

13 dpror

8 ]xarat A A[

a. axokovhsabove the line. ryBa( corr. 1 7 . Second 0 ofmmcorr.

l. trowtipcvos.

Hermias to Horus, greeting. Appended isammof the letter to Asclepiades.Take care that its instructionsare followed. Good-bye. The 5 thyear, Xandicus 17 ,M echeir r7 .

To Asclepiades. Lucius M emmius,aRoman senator, who occupies apositionof great dignityandhonour, ismaking the voyage fromAlexandriato the Arsinoitenome to see the sights. Lethimbe received withspecialmagnificence,and take carethatat the proper spots the chambers be preparedand the landing-

places to thembegot ready, and that the gifts ofhospitality below written be presented tohimat thelanding-

place,and that the furniture of the chamber, the customary tit- bits for Petesuchusand the crocodiles, the necessaries for the view of the labyrinth,and the offeringsandsacri fices be provided ingeneral take the greatest pains ineverything that the visitormay be satisfied,and display the utmost zeal

34. OFFI CI AL CORRESPONDENCE 129

8.ma:hereapparentlymeans ‘

guest-chambers ’

; the singular occurs inthe samesense inl. 1 2 .

9. cf. P. Petrie II . 4. i. I I , I II . 39. i. 13, &C.

r r. The éc'mawere specified inthe last few lines.I 3

—4. Hereaoéxmml rois Cf. Hdt. ll. 69 ftminnow83 gmlxd flpoe

.

rpc'

tpovc t npox ddu lov atr iadnoraard W ines,and Strabo, x vi i . 8 1 ! otpdbpaydp c’

v rg‘

i yap;1 4460 1 rdr xpox dbcchar xal 3mltpds wap’ati-mis i t My") xad’aimlw rpctpdperos, x etpor

'

ié'

qs

rots lepefim' xakeirat 83 Zoi‘xos' rpf¢ ¢rat 83atr ial:ml xpe'acn i tal obey, "poe tpepévrwv d d rti » fi re»e’

rrln)» “at d¢mvpfvmm16. Themutilated word before rd 8 no» is probablyaverb ; butnot x 0pm0v3rg

—ao. Possibly tid but what precedes pmost resemblesaor no.

34 . LETTER FROM Paox EN t To APOLLOS.

27 4 r. 30 x rs cm. About 100 s.e.

Inthis letter Philox enus, clearlyanofiicial of fairlyhighrank, requestshisbrother A pollos to take steps for the release of some one whohad beenarrestedfor debt. The reasonassigned by the writer is thathehad receivedaletterfromacertainDemetrius, no doubtanother offic ial, stating that the individualin prisonwas underhis (Demetrius’

) protection.’

This practice of obtainingthe patronage of influential persons is further illustrated by 40

,and doubtless

led tomuchbribery. The officials themselves werealso compelled to resort

to it cf. 5 . 186, note,and 9. introd.

Below the letter are some scribblings intwo differenthands,mentioning’

A01pvfow’

Apx (ov (cf. 61. (a)Qt evos' XwoAM

'

B'z-t rs.

(“QM xat'pew Kai éppa'BO'Oat.Jimac Aafifv fae’ma'r6kwo'w eAOei

‘

v‘

fi pcp K6rv¢

5mods ‘

E ppfar rev xwpoyKa/maréa)x dpw 7 00 1rap’ airfoil cirmypévovmlmobs Xatpfl/mmTarupdx ropa. drroAvOrirwt 83

Kai p?) wapavoxheflafiw 61r’

0680 69

10 dd 7 6 yeypatpqx évat fip i‘

v

Aquflrptos r epi at’rrofi , Jyradéati-railK

130 TE E 1 11l PA PYR I

bub ox e’mw Kai yewpy6(v).

7 ,04q 001 83 8tao'1'okc‘tsminis8ofivat.

3. This line isalater insertion. 4. l. Kdrvos (cf. 119 . 6. «upmm:abovethe line. 9. l. I I l. Amnirptor. weptaurovabove the line.

Philox enus to Apolloshis brother, greetingand good ‘health. As soonas youreceive this letter gowithHorus sonof Kotys tosee Hermias the komogrammateusaboutthe personhehasarrested, and to Chaeremonthe coll

‘

ector ; and lethim‘

be releasedand not be troubled byanybody, for Demetriushas written tome abouthim, sayingthathe is underhis protection,andhis tenant. I amtherefore writing to you to give

theminstructions.’

35 . LETTER FI X ING THE PR ICE OF M YRRH .

2 7 -6. 3 1~ax 19

-5-

cm. no. 1 1 1 .

A circular letter fromA pollonius, whose official title is not given,addressedto the epistatae inthe divisionof Polemonand other ofl‘icials whowere con

cerned,regulating the price ofmyrrh. The epistataeand others, by whomthemyrrhwas sold,are for their part instructed not todemandmore thanacertain

sumfor themina’s weight andappended to the letteri

isaproclamationwhichwas to be published , directing purchasers not to paymore thanthe prescribedamount. A complete parallel to this ordinance is found inR ev. Laws x l. 94 0,

where the retail price of the different kinds of oil is similarly fix ed by thegovernment. The sale of themyrrhthroughgovernment officialsalsohas itsanalogue inR ev. Laws x lvii i- x lix ,

where the provisionismade that the oi lwhichthe retail tradersagreed to dispose of should be takento the villages by theoeconomus and antigrapheusand sold by auction. These parallels render itpractically certainthat the trade inmyrrh, like that inoil,wasastatemonopolyand this conclusionis borne out byapapyrus of the third century B. C. foundby us in the Fayumin 1901 , in whichAtfiaw ruu

‘

z ¢opr £a(raw produce ,

cf. 5 . 195 , 105 . 24 , 8m.)are coupled withmyrrh,and the dwaf relating to

these productsare referred to. M yrrhis not elsewhere oftenmentioned inthepapyri it was used inthe service of the temples (B . G .U. andalsooccurs inaprivateaccount of themiddle of the second century 8 . C . (P. G renf. I . 14 . lo,

But nodoubt it playedanimportant part inthe preparationof the variousperfumes of whichthe Egyptians were so fond ; cf. Pliny, H. N . x iii. 6. 26

Ierrammomm'umAegyptw accommodatrlm'maungwmrk.

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132 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

edict together wrthyours. Any one disobeying these orders will renderhimself ‘

liabletoaccusation. Wehave therefore also sent the sword-bearers. Good-bye. The6thyear, Pharmouthi 2 .

Purchasers ofmyrrhfromthe epistatae of the vanous villages shall not paymorethat 40 drachmae of silver for themina-weight, or inc0pper 3 talents zoco drachmae,and for carriage zoodrachmae onthe talent ; any one disobeying these orders will renderhimself liable toaccusation.’

5 .mayoryt'pov : cf. 1. 18, where it is writtenw aya'ryrov. Themeaning is that whenthe pri ce was paid incopperafreightage of zoodrachmae onevery talent, or 35 per cent.,was charged inaddition. For the xarayéymcf. 121. 8, where it isabouta} per cent.,andP. Par. 62. v. 16- 2 1 , where the charge in the case of dual 1rp8s‘ ripyéprov is 3 per cent., inthat of dwal rrpbs xahx tlv iadvojrov (cf. App. ii. 5)2 per cent.

13. The paxatpo¢6po¢ at this period were armedattendants onthe various ofi cials(cf. 105 . 1—2 raw rrepi [7 8v] orpa(flry8v) paxmw tipov),and 39. 23, P. Amh. I I. 38. 3,62. rather than regular soldiers. Bamhurol paxatpoqldpot occur together withtroopsinan inscription fromHermopolis (Jouguet, B ull. Corr . Hell. x x . pp. 1 77 sqq.) inthereignof Neos Dionysus. But P. M eyer

’s view (Heerwam, p. 95) that paxmpotpclpos

was used not only in the Ptolemaic but in the Roman period for soldier’is not in

accordance withthe evidence. The rrpmropaqbépos of B. G . U. 241 . 3, onwhichhe seemsto rely forhis identification of paxarpotpdpos withsoldier,

’obviously does not proveanythingabout paxmpotpépor,and where these occur inthe Romanperiod (see espec ially

P. Amb. I I . 7 7 . soabomi paxmpmfx fpos) theyappear to be guards inattendance uponofficials,as inthe Ptolemaic period, butnot regular soldiers.

1 5 . Some participlemeaning buying or taking fromis required ; but nocompoundofJtapfidmv suits the vestiges.

36 . LETTER CONCERNING TAX ES ON LAN D.

1 1 -5 x 145 cm. Late second century

A letter fromA pollonius informing Criton, abrother ofli cial, aboutcertain payments of corn in connex ionwiththe i -artabatax , elocpopd andtax of a24th. On the first of these cf. 5 . 59, note. The tax ofa24thon land is frequently found in these papyri ; cf. 93 . introd .and P. Petrie I .

25 2, 4. On the cic ¢apa’r, whichwas probably aspec ial impost on land

like the émypacfifi, see introd. to 98 .

Kpfraom I 2 letters

woM é xar’pet[v] Kai éppqaflar. yt'

vaoa'x eflpc’is 73V x [ 15 letters

F8 1rpoa8ex ope'

vov 8N 3p

5 rptdx owaépréfias d 3x 1r[

37 . OFFI CIAL CORRESPONDEN CE 133

rrerrM pa'rxapev 7 89 19171. (dprdfias), 1:[e]p2 [83] 71651! f r)y

lepdv e’

x 6waw er: r'

nrohtifywt 7 6”need.

fiaathei' perpor‘imrre'

rretx’

087 089 (In7

7 08 (dprdfins‘) Kai 7 179 et’a'gbopés' i

'

va7 267 0 d ? [rerpa1:0t rrapaperpfiompev

rrepi 83 7 65V yewpyéiv rre'

17 e[r]xav 7 8 rrepi

Onthe 00 90

7 . J» M 67 0» ! i.e. not cultivated,Opposed to Inappe

’mcf. 60. 37and App. i. 5 9.

pm[ : pt Hanaturally suggests itself; but it seems impossible to read the letterafterthe second easanything but 1, thoughthe papyrus is brokenaway immediatelyafter it.

37 . LETTER FROM A POLLON TO PETESUCHUS.

295 x 8-6 cm. E C. 73. PLATE VI .

A letter in whichApollon requests Petesuchus to take steps against:anumber of persons fromwhomafine was to be exacted, ashehimselfwas too busy toattend to thematter.

The letter is dated inthe 9thyear, whichismuchmore probably that ofN eos Dionysus thanSoter I I . This papyrus was found in the same crocodileas e. g. 5 4and 106 ;and the style of itshandwriting '

is infavour of thelater date (cf. introd. to

Zwéhhow Hereootfxmtxafpew. ytrmw x e Ke¢a~M ir; Kai Hereaoifx ov Ital7 089 per

-6x 01} : I rma-eh)5 AvOe

’

var Anpqrpfprrepi ri w 3814 811600

( TL 371q e’

pfiefikfi000: £ 19 yfiv Kai napa7 éq

'

gg'

808vatI o. Kai ydp peytihws 17pu

e’

x rropOiiaat arie’

ya‘» 080 wept

owcfipevos rrepl

a’ya‘yxat’aw yeypaM 005 IvaIxavbs‘ .

yew), Kai rrpcifas‘{Xe 8178 7 08 xaltx 08 (rditaw ov)axarafia’i Kai Adfimt. ’

3811 83 dpekfi'

tms

134 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

Opfax e 307 3 évaymoflfitropatTakrut pat rrapaha 25 3780 3&8 e aflpro[v.

fic‘

w arpar toiras [fppmoo]. (37 009) 8Onthe verso

Herecov’

xau.

6. tropea» overanerasure. 7 . aof epynw corr. fromr ( i) 8 .5mvaddedabove the

1 2. l. napalafidm.

ApollontoPetesuchus, greeting. Youmust know that Kephalasand Petesuchusandtheir partnershaveapplied toDemetrius concerning the works whichthey swearhave beenimposed upontheir land,and thathe gave themanex tensionof time (i). Hehas becomemuchashamed,andhas orderedme to take soldiersand ravage them. Therefore,as Iamoccupied withurgent business, Ihave writtentoyou so that youmay undertake thematter;exact themoneyand keep of the copper one talent until I come downand receive it. If

you neglect this I shall be obliged tocomemyself to-morrow.

’

6—9. These four linesare obscure. I fZp-

yminl. 7and 1709107 603 601“rmpardc ets)inl. 8are right, the senseapparently is that Kephalasandhis partners, fromwhomsome payment

was due,hadasked Demetrius,anofficial, for ex tratime onaccount of some burdenwhichhad beenimposed uponthem. Demetrius consented to this, butafterwards repentedandissued instructions tothe writer of the letter, whooccupiedasubordinate post, toexact thepayment. mp1 Kwat: must thenbe takentomean‘

the works, whatever theyare,whichthey swear.’ The reading in“ is not very satisfactor the y is immediately followedbyalong stroke likea, whichwehave supposed wasaltere toan. '

Ep'

yt'ar cannot be read.

IV. PETITION S .

38 . R EPORT OF THE KOMOGRAMM ATEUS ON A PETITION.

20-2 . 24-7 x 3o-8 cm. ac. 1 13.

This and the following tex tare bothconcerned withthe oil-monopolyat Kerkeosiris. Themanufactureand wholesale distributionof the differentkinds ofoilwasastatemonopoly, whichwas leased to contractors. The detailsof themanagement of thismonopoly are givenat great lengthin the thirdsection of the . R evenue Papyrus, containing the elaborate legislation of

Philadelphus on the subject. The contractor at Kerkeosiris for the year

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136 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

rrap’ Hq oM pov 7 08 eéerhq¢67 09 7 r)v 8r40eo'

t[v Kai 7 8 7 08 ekaf w9 87 179 els 7 8 8 7 69 eykfipwews et

’

9

x épw 7 63V

wapew¢ep6mv et’

9 78v xaipqv Ital flaparrmhorivrwv Kok[mr]ur8r ZharovKai x fx r,

fi t ta7 08 M ex eip upwayyehe'w7 e9 pot Opérx ci rwa08 7 8 v} [8'v0]pa

dyvoéir 7 6ai s R eprre

0fi¢ew9 rrapeweq ox 67aQatari e19 815 b ounce? He7 e0'

0[8x 09 0'

]ku7 e89 ofkoy

Ital rrapamakefv Oafioet rfit xaraywopevqt e’

r 7 iit ati-flit ofx fat [Ital .]gaux qvofioox é

‘

u

7 17: 7 0157 00 Guyarpi row 31: 7 179 08789 xa’rpn9, 05

0609 flapakafia‘we’mtrrdrqv Ital 7 811

Irap8 7 08 dpx t¢vkax frov x épw 7 08mi 03 [48 rrapei'var £172 7 6[t fpywt

e]1ri 7 8vmuraw6yeyao 7 08 omens ofxov Kare’ltafiov 7 87 Opi um318030 807 1: 7 8 8

’

[infrjtflovemera

3p]evvav 83 7 0157 00 0181! 087 079 nomad/terms et'Ipov e

’

v e[. .]mr‘

087 64 e’hafw wag. r x [a]'2“ Fifi .]prav

’

87)Kai N W 7 [8]_v

Opéiurarrape[ 7 08 ox v]7 e'

0>9mafiareal q mai's44 letters e]r

’

9 gbvyhv éppqx e'vat, 7 8 83

[e]rrf7 ¢pov 34 letters 8 rrpo]yeypayge'v09 08 8m.lvet[ 27 (507

,

811 e’myeyove’vafi pat Bitcifios'

efs (rdkawa) re.

8t8 37 :81??q 0'

0l. 81709 rrepl éx damv throypa¢8v rroufo'm] 1740008 1707 6

farmdvrfypatpov [089arix et

667 6x 680

Onthe M 90

"0pm.

I 3. l. rrpooayyehe'vros.

as. PETI TION S 137

M enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemon, to Horus,greeting. At the of the land surveyaccording tocrops whichtook place inPtolemaisEuergetisnews reachedme thatApollodorus, the sellerofoilat the village,had found onther 1thof themonthbelow writtenacertainThracianwhohad beenselling oil inthehouseinhabited by Petesuchus,aleather-seller handing this Thracianover toApollonius, whois discharging the duties of epistatesat the said village, together withthe contraband goods,tobe brought up before the proper oflic ials. Withreference to this case Apollodorushaspresented tome the subjoined statement. Ihave therefore thought it right tocommunicatewithyou . Good-bye. The 4thyear, M echeir

FromApollodorus, the contractor for the disposal ofand the tax uponoil in thesaid village for the 4thyear. My enterprisehas beenmadeacomplete failure owing to

the smuggling into the villageand illicit sale of Colpiticand castor oil. Therefore onther 1thofM echeir, whennewshad beenbroughtme thatacertainThracianof Kerkesephis,whose name I donot know,had smuggled oil into the dwelling inhabited by Petesuchus,aleather- seller,and was selling it to Thaesis, whowas living inthe samehouse,and to

agooseherd,andhis daughter, inhabitants of the same village, I immediately took theepistatesand theagent of thearchiphylacites—as you were not present onthe occasionto theaforesaid dwelling of the leather- seller, where I found the Thrac ian indoors, but thecontraband goods removed. Afterasearchfor it withthemI discovered concealedinahideand sheepskins belonging to the leather- seller. (M eanwhile theThrac ian took to

flight,and the contrabandoil resulting inaloss tomeamounting to I 5 talents of copper.I therefore present toyou this statement inorder that youmay subscribe tomy statementsand forwardacopy to the proper officials Farewell. (Addressed)ToHorus.

’

I .‘opau : cf. 1. 29. Boththe basilico-

grammateusand the komarchof this periodwere named Horus (cf. 27 . 27and 48 . Onthe whole fromthe contents of this letter itseemsmore probable that it wasaddressed to the basilico-

grammateus, thoughinthat casehisname should strictlyhave stood first ; but cf. 13and 22. introd.2 . nrohepm'oc seep-firm: cf. 26 . 1 2and note on92. 4.

6. I t is not clear whether the Thracianhadactually beenarrested or not. From1. z 3itappears thathehad effectedanescape ;and the purpose of M enches’

lettermayhave,

beentoask Horus toassist inhis capture. Inthat case some suchsupplementasmar..08» 11003011 1 dq f r

'

wavres 181»Opfiurais necessaryat the end of l. 5. But it is noticeable thatthe petitionof Apollodorusapparently does not close witharequest for thearrest of theculprit,aswould be ex pected ifhe was stillat large. The words rofirovuapaddvres ’

A11o>Jtmm’minl. 6 coupled withthe fact that Apolloniushad beenpresentat thehouse ofPetesuchus(l. 16)donot really proveanything either way.

for btefléyomrank : cf. 15 . 8 where,ashere (cf. 1. the same phrase is foundasanequivalent of (1. If 1 551 norms,as ismost probable,means Kerkeosiris,Apollonius succeeded Polemonas epistates betweenPhaophiand M echeir of the 4thyear ;cf. 89. 4

—6.

7 . emn'pm: Cf. ll. 18and 24,and 89 . 9 31 04118: A comparisonof these passagesshows that by isheremeant the contraband goods. The same sense is no doubttobe recognized inP. Petrie II . 30mdrre'dmwev [ 1519 innipx ervhrfflpov e

’

v 7 6x M qrpobépovhord e“Om»)pv.7—8.mpi by cf. 16 . 19and 26 . 2 1—2.

10. 7 8v 6166104»ml 16 { lawn sotoo39. 2—3. 8166111 1: is the word used inR ev. Lawsfor the disposalor distributionto consumers of themanufactured oil, especiallyatAlexandria,e.g. col. liii. 19 8009 8

’

8: ( Actor inrompriéu pev M'

Nmrflat If laid -7 00 { 0M eis Jr’

Ahe€mr8pei¢uM e ets ; Cf.also x lviii . 3 5007 8

’

810a’w '

ypdflmvrat 010:81 q ml 01mafidhoc 01 iv indent x épqt

138 TE B TUN IS PA PYR I

5111660 100111am. ramisalsotobe ex plained byreference tothe RevenuePapyrus, wherethe 1auponoilare of twokinds. There is firstly the tax onproducers of rawmaterial,amounting to 2 drachmae perartabauponsesameand : drachmaperartabauponcroton,payable Inkindaccording to the published tarifl' of prices (0013.mix . 13 sqq., lvii. 6 sqq.

Secondly,atax of 1 2 drachmae for everymetretes was exacted onimported oil, themobeing collectedat Alexandriaor Pelusiumand credited to the nome for whichthe oil wasdestined (lii. 13 Now of the two kinds of smuggled oilmentioned inl. 1 2, one,the Colpitic, t.e. Syrian (cf. Steph. Byz . 926 nor.W ), was liable to the tax on foreignoils ; the other, theanor castor oil, wasmanufactured fromcrotpn, uponwhich,as wehaveseen,atax was paid by producers. 16 m6autos thereforemthe formulaof these twopapyrimight perhaps be regardedas combining the two varieties of rate. described intheRevenue Papyrus. But the objectionto this is that there is nomentionof crotonamongthe lists of crops grownat Kerkeosiris (cf. 86 at «he is therefore probably to be

understoodas referring to the tax onimported oil; thoughinthat case wehave topostulateadeparture fromthe practice of the third century 8 .0 , whenthe tax was collected not inthe interior butat the portat whichthe oilwas landed.

1 1 . 7 179an’m‘ic : Apollodorus’

sphere of operations was, therefore, the single village ofKerkeosiris ; cf. Rev. Laws liv. 1 1 «mm: 7 00 pepti c

-Gophe r comp .«ls 7 4809 :

1 2 . Kath-171m: the restoration is confirmed by the fragmentary report to Menches(125 , cf. introd.)whichhasmadammun-«earmm. Syriawas the chief source ofthe oil inlported toEgypt ; cf. Rev. Laws li i. 26 , 1iv. 1 7 .

14- 5 170712 7 0832: 6 060 7 1a by the law of Philadelphus the purchasers of contra

d oilwere liable to severe penalties ; cf. Rev. Laws x lix . 16 sqq.

-

9 n{aprdafidw cf. sqq. Inconnex ionwiththese two passages cf.

the regulations inthe Revenue Papyrus concerning (more (cols. lv. 1 7- lvi . whichwasto be carried out inthe presence of theagent of the oleovdpoe or of the dr rrypatpnis. Theprocedure described in88 . 10 sqq. was therefore incompleteaccordance withthe laws ofPhiladelphus ; but certainmodifications of the older practicemusthave been introduced,since neither the oixovdpoc or the dr rrypa¢389 was representedat thehouse of Petesuchus,their place being takenby. theam.and the 8px o¢ulta¢ i1m; while the implicationof l. 1 7hereand is that the presence of thempoypapparmalsowas ex pected.

1 7 . x dpw 7 08ml 03 pt)r eprint : theabsence of M enches Is ex plained by ll. 2-

3above.26. cf. 45 . 27

39 . PETITION To THE KOMOG RAM MATEUS.

23-17 . 24 x 10-8an. ac. 1 14.

Petitionto M enches fromApollodorus, the contractor for theoil-monopolyat Kerkeosiris, complaining of twoassaults committed uponhimselfand othersby S isois, whomhe wasattempting toarrest for smuggling oil ; cf. the intro?ductiontoand notes uponthe preceding papyrus.

M eyx ef xmpoypappafli' Keprreoor'

peaos'rrap’

HrrohhoM pov 3£erkn¢67 09

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4c TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

14. l.avvnxohovdeiv. 23.maomoveranerasure. 24. aof 11111 0011.overanerasure.

ToM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, fromApollodorus, the contractor forthe distributionofand the tax uponoilat the said village for the 4thyear. IhavealreadypresentedamemorandumtoPolemon, the epistates of the village, concerningmy discoveryonthe 27thof Phaophi that there wasat thehouse of Sisois sonof Senapunchis intheshrine of Thoe'rishereaquantity of contraband oil. I immediately took Trychambus, theagentof the oeconomuswhohad beensent for the payment, since youand theotheroflicialsdid notwishtocome withme, tothehousealluded to,and went therewithhim. Thereupontheaforesaid Sisoisandhis wife Tausiris set uponmeand belabouredme withblows,andhaving drivenus out they shut the door of the templeand of thehouse. Subsequently onthe 4thof Athur I encountered Sisois near the temple of Zeushere,and wished toarresthim

,Ineilos the sword bearerand T rychambus being present. But Pausiris the brother of

Sisois,aporter,and Bellesand Demasand Maron sonof Takonnos withothers whosenames I donot knowhurled themselves uponusand overpowered us

, belabouring us withblows withthe cudgels whichthey carried and they woundedmy wife onthe righthandandmyselfalso, the resulting loss tomy contract amounting to 10 talents of Copper.I accordingly present to you this statement, inorder that youmay order the properofficials toexact fromthem(this sum.

9. Goqpm'eu : there were two shrines of Thoe'n'sat Kerkeosiris ; cf. 8 8 . 16and 23.

For persons living intemples cf. 6 . 4c and 44 . 12 . Theyare distinct fromthe ownersof shrines, onwhomsee 5 . 73

- 6,note.

1 2.amypmpév : this payment for whichtheagent of the oeconomus was sent wasperhaps connec ted withthe ’mmof Apollodorus.

1 3111 1108” 007 012more probably refers to the writer thantohis assailant,and

cirrd flow should be corrected to3111166117 1. wapahafia'ovm isalsoanommalz'zmsM elons.

2 2. Auk lcpdv: this shrine, like that of the Dioscuri in14. 18, is notmentioned inthelist ofmiat Kerkeosiris in8 8 .

40. PETITION or A TAX -FARM ER.

32 -8 x 1 2 cm. s.e. 1 1 7 .

Anapplication fromthe farmer of the tax es on beer and natronatKerkeosiris to the basilico-

grammateus,asking tobe placed underhis protectionas other inhabitants of the villagehad been, and requesting the basilicogrammateus tonotify the fact to the village officials, so thathemight be fairlytreated. Below this (11. 23- 6) is anorder to M enches, no doubt fromthebasilico-

grammateus, to see that justice should be shown to the applicant.A t the t0p is the usual docket of M enches.

The objects for whichthe patronage of thehigher ofi'

i cials was requ iredare illustrated by 84 , whereanoffic ial rescues one ofhis clients fromimprisonment for debt. No doubt the privilege was costly to obtain,as inthe case

40. PE TI TI ON S 141

of M enches who in order to secure the renewal ofhis office conc iliatedhis superiors by abribe (9 . The abuses to whichthe practice ledare indicated by the numerous sections in5 dealing withthe oppressionofthe people by the ofli cials.

Wdfiopev) 37 0119 17 T1361 16.

zudhand 3411611116? fiamhmé‘

u ypapparei'rape Hveqieparos 7 011

“

Haoiiros7 00 €£11Aq¢67 09 (vmpdv

5 11112 1117 111119111 Kepx eoa'fpems rfiv

Hoke’

pmvos pepfdos 11’

s 7 3 vy

capes—report pererhn¢ d

is 7 01k

ex 7 179 1115adpoeupaddvdw e

’

x eadat 7 179 0159 011611119,

Ital 11157 69amen/10151161109 elven

7 69 old er 81& 7 6 prime-m617 1341016111 117001

105m7 611

fiaad ux éiv, 4516 avvra’fatypédrmAnpqrpfmt 7 6 1 rfis'

émrrrérami N111620111

dpx 1¢vhax f7 e1 xai Meyx e'

i Kaspaypappare? 11a) 7 019 rrpeafivrépou‘

7 6311 yempyé'w erravayx ciom7 013: 7 17: 11113axarax ohwdefy 7 029 if dpx fis

87m: 8151111171111 7 1} 112015110117 1:

drrevrax rei'v.

grdhand M67 x 61 7 111170177 111

7 6 1 7 3 dfxmov25 Kurd Tfi?

1’

010710159. (37 0119) 117 T061 17 .

Onthegrdhand M eyx iit.

142 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

Received inthe 531d year, Tubi 1 5 .

ToAmenneus, basilico-

grammateus, fromPnepheros sonof Paous, contractor for thetax es onbeerand natronat”

Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemonfor the 53rd year.Having received certaininformationthat the inhabitants of the villageare withoneaccordclaiming your protection,and beingmyselfanx ious to belong to yourhouse because itdevolves uponyou beforeallothers towatchover the interests of the Crown, I beg you toorderaletter to be sent toDemetrius the epistates of' the villageand N icanor thearchiphylacitesandM enches the komogrammateusand the elders of the cultivators

,withinstruo

tions to compel the inhabitants to follow theancient traditions, inorder that Imay beenabled topaymy dues regularly. Farewell.

ToM enches, komogrammateus. Let justice be done to the tax -

payer inaccordancewiththe traditions of the village. 53rd year, Tubi 13. (Addressed)ToM enches.’

4. (mph: themanufacture of beer was probablyagovernmentmonopoly (cf. 5 . 1 70,note),and it is very likely that the sale of nitrate, whichwas used for washing purposes(cf.Wilcken, I . p. and nodoubt was producedas now by the government intheN ew s

,was controlled by the state, like the sale ofmyrrh; cf. 85 . introd.

l l . C£ 5 4 . 4. a! 00

15 . In this passage the posts of 611107 67 17: and u'

px rtpvhax irqr areheld by d ifl'

erent

persons ; cf. 48 . 9, where Demetrius somemonths later thanthe date of the presentdocument is foundholding bothofli ccs.

20. 7 0711 85am.roman:aconventional phrase cf. 50. 25 , P. Par. 16. 23.

24. inmatei : the tax - farmer Pnepheros is of coursemeant. 111mm. isawide termapplied to classes who contributed indifferent capacities tothe revenues derived fromtheroyalmonopolies ; cf. P. Par. 63. 97 ,and note on5 . 1 56.

41. PETITION To THE A RCHIPHYLACITES.

3c x 1 1 cm. About 1 19.

A petition, or draft of one, to Cronius, dpx upvkax ims, fromthe komarchHarmiusis and the cultivators of Crown lands, complaining that Marres thetopogrammateus was trying to ex tortmoney by violence fromtheir wives.To protest against this conduct theyhad gone onstrike, and taken refuge

in the neighbouring villages ; and they point out the loss whichwould be

incurred by the government if Marres was not brought to justice.

A fter finishing the letter, the writer rewrote alarge part of is Whenthe space below was exhausted ,

he beganagaininthe left-handmarginalittleabove the commencement of the postscript. Again reaching the bottom,hewrote the conclusion in themarginhigher up (cf. P. Amh. I I . Owingto theminuteness of thehand and the partial obliterationof the ink themarginaladditionsare very illegible.

A Marres whowas topogrammateus inthe 5 lst year is knownfrom10. 9,

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TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

I

rm adrfm’] 7 e 217 0111016t 01 6117 6 .

25 8u11[0'

1]p e0adw ée 'Oat 7 139

er’a'ayaoyfis 11112 0150611 7 631 Beadle?811117601

111.

e

Avoavg'gy duh-71 11063)m1 e’

rrei 01711 6 e’

yxahotipevos' Mappiis' 11p6s 7 r'

i[1

7 501 101 8100-

1510151 xararpéxa7 069 yewpyobs

015K éwfveo'Oat rrp6s 7 171 eioayqyfir) 7 611

117169 7 e 116400117 111) Kai1107 6 7 [r)v 110014 1611)

8‘4 7 9 x4

1 7 . Second 0 ofminimum» 0011. from7 .

1- 28. ToCronins,archiphylacites of Kerkeosiris, fromHarmiusis, komarch,and thecultivators of Crown landsat the same village. Marres the tOpogrammateus is inthehabit of coming to the village withnumerous othersarmed withswords,and withtheutmost insolencemaking continualattemptsat ex tortionupon the wives of some of usand of others, disregarding the pledges whichwehave obtained fromLysanias, theking

’s cousinand strategus ; whereforemany of us,havinghad ‘

our suspiciorgaroused,have retired to the neighbouring villages. For these reasons wearehindered inthecollectionof the sums owed for bothrentand crowns ;and we therefore present to youthis petitioninorder that youmay give instructions inthe proper quarter, so that Marresmay be sent forandmade to refundhis ex tortionsandmay receive suitable punishment,and that we being undisturbedmay be enabled toattend to the collectionof the revenuesand the interests of the kingmay suffer noharm. Farewell.

Since thenMarres theaccused besideshis ex tortions oppresses the cultivators, it isimpossible to proceed withthe collectionof sums owed for rent and crowns, thepledges whichwehave fromLysanias, the king’s cousinand strategus, whereby wearehindered inthe collection, the cultivatorshavinghad their suspicionsarousedand retired

to the neighbouring villages 5 1st (1)year, Pachon1o.

’

7 . 11v ,106 : from16 . 1 5 where 63pm: isaltered to011017106 itappears that themeaningof the two terms is nearly the same.

10. 06 “ ox en-6110 107 : l.moxarmpe'vov, referring toaper'ovs. For themeaning Cf.

P. Par. 40. 45- 8 067 1 7 06 lepoiimoxaadpem067 11 7 06 «aha»: Ixoms,and P. Tor. 1 . ii. 20.

14. dvax exmpr'jmpev : foranother instance ofastrike onthe part of 6001111101 7 1111170: see26 . 1 8 ; cf. 61. (6)33, note.

18. 07 14161001 : onthis tax see 61. (6)254, note,and 98—4 .

29 sqq. Withthisalternative draft of ll. 10 sqq. cf. 5 8 . 27—30, whichcorrespond to

5 8 . 20—6.

32 . The last word is notany part of (cf. l.

42. PE TI TI ON S 145

42. PETITION To THE STRATEGUS.

1 7 x 1 5 -

3 cm. Aboutac. 1 14.

A petitionaddressed to thestrategus byapriest of Soknebtunis, towhomthe princ ipal templeat Tebtuniswas dedicated, concerningamistake inacontract.The petitioner, whohad leased 6arourae of domain land fromthe Crown,hadmade anagreement sub- letting the land to Thracidas son of A polloniusat arent of 36 artabae of wheat perannum, but the ovvaMayparo-ypdoos oroffic ialwhodrew up contractshad conspired withThracidas towrite 30 insteadof 36, on the ground that the petitionerhad already received 6 artabae asapledge.

The papyrus, whichwas found together withseveral demotic rolls (nowatCairo) inahouse withinthe templeareaat Tebtunis, is not dated , but fromthehandwritingmust belong to the end of the second century B. C. ; the strategustowhomit isaddressed is no doubt identicalwiththe fi r-0111110209 01177 11619 xalqrpamydsmentioned in15 . 15 . The petitionis writteninvery bad Greek.

Hrohepat'au dub-

yen? Kai 07 1107 117 611

rrapd Mappe[1’ov]9 7 017 Map woéxov Zepe'

019

Geo!) pe[ydA]ov 6117 09 KaiBamhtx oflyewpyofi €]x Tefi7 1511em[9

5 Hoh€p011109 pepf8o9. 6811117116109 1100 fi rep

Bolt? ” 61116] 1411111150109 awahha-yparoypédov7 559 2 157 559, 6 e

’

yx [a]h06pe1109 e’

11 7 0 1167 0

vein-0117 09 9 70911189 e ohhawfov 7 0311

611 7 69 1167 69, c’

11 y6p 7 611 éveo'r6 7 1 er e1

9 0160 606111711 [1600100111 7 559 p01

1repi 7611 a[6]7 1)11 620104111559 7 89 (dpovpéiv) f, e

’

x ¢opfov

7 017 17 11117 69 151107 4117 011 (15117 1166311)Mr, 7 00 86

1411111150109 11117 2 7 00 rrpox etpe'

vov x erpahat'ov€0e7 0 yfo

-0010111 (dmafléiv) A 11226116 7 0157 0111

607’

ix ew pe 61 117008611017 1 7 7 017 7 01067 00

p?) 6117 09, 7 6 nape 7 067 0 [[pllfia81ovpyqpe'va917 letters ]7 011 7 1167 112 7 09

146 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

7 . l. ruff 1187 173mine. 1 2 . I. 6 83

ToPtolemaeus, the king’

s cousinand strategus, fromMarres sonof Maruthisuchus,

priest of the great god Soknebtunisandalsoacultivator ofCrownland, livingat Tebtunisinthe divisionof Polemon. Ihave beenex cessively unfairly treated by Harmiusis, thewriter of contracts of the said village. Theaccused conspired together withThracidassonof Apollonius, an inhabitant of the said village ; in Thothof the present yearImadealease of the six arourae of Crownland belonging tome near the said villageatafix ed rent for the whole of 36artabae of wheat but Harmiusis instead of that summadealease for 30artabae ofwheat, onthe ground that fromthe wholeamount Ihad received6artabaeasapledge, suchnot being the case

14. 6116 7 067 1117 probably refers back to the 36artabae ; if it referred tothe 3c artabaejustmentioned, wemust suppose that Harmiusis not only wrote 30 instead of 36 but saidthat Marreshadalready received beforehand 6artabae of the 30.

48 . PETITION or M ENCHES TO THE SOVERE IGN S.

28 -

9 redo. 31 -2 x 39-5 1111. t o. 118.

A petitionsent to E uergetes I I reigning withthe two Cleopatras, thesister and the wife,

’by M enchesandhis brother Polemon(cf. 17 .

The petitionershad beenarrested and accused of being concerned togetherwithseveral other persons inpoisoningacertainHaruotes. The court, whichconsisted of the epistates of the 1911101127 01 of the nome, the basilico-

grammateusand others,had acquitted them; but M enches andhis brother were afraidthat further charges would be brought,and therefore inthe present documentpetitioned the sovereigns for aguarantee that they would not bemolestedinthe future.

The same carelessness withregard to grammar, espec ially inthe use of

cases, whichcharacteriz es M enches’

other productions, is not absenthere.Thathe shouldhave takenno pains to correct the Greek of this documentis surprising, since it is notadraft but wasactually sent to the king,as is shownby the 61107110416at the end

,writtenno doubt inthe office of theM umparoypdtpos,

direct ing the strategus of the A rsinoite nome toattend to the petitioners’

requests.

The trial took place onA thur 19 of the 53rd year,and the petitionwaswritten probably very soonafterwards. The fact that CleopatraI I was stillreigningat this date is of importance, because ithas beengenerally supposed,onthe evidence of demotic documents, that she was dead orhadatany rateres igned power before the 5grd year. A samatter of fact CleopatraI I probablyoutlived E uergetes ; see 5 . 4, note.

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148 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

61611106 , 0102 1167 107 01 111111)¢6p01, pepf0'

6 117 6 9 116 2

1511211 69 3xac 1rp69 116117 6 9 607 1666411019,61112 if 197101164110 9 w veSpflmflfm116p6117 09

116 2 7 00 5 6 016 11101? 7 116 1416 7 6019 111¢1f116 pe11

6116 17 101 6611 ¢aq 7a1 1rp007 1££6 1 dwodflefiptat6116311 7 611 ,

5117 6115111 617,

3 110660311011 7 611 w yyevei

116 2 07 116 7 1171611 69 61166011009 1611 7 ii[1 15];117 €p6

3011615011 11110110127 6 1 069 000139 611 661111;

00x 0¢6 117 1'

6 9 7 6 116 2 616 0107101? x dpw 817019 .

[11101112 é1r17 pé1rq1 1rep2 7 6111 6 197 6311

flapevoxhei'v 111166 1rep10'

11'611 116 7 6

11116ep i6 11 17 6p115p10111, 611019 6 M eyx ii9

7 6 x pe1'

6 9 1511761)

11601

111, 7 e7 evx 67 € 9 17 6 p’

15116311

119 15116 117 6 7 611 Bfov 6117 166641109.

2ndhand 1 110660114011. 131 0T6 111101101706116 1116011

10q 00017 111

45 00 1rep10'

116 0'060

-

0117 6 1. (37 0119) 1171 Hax clw 6.

8. l. 7 101 for 7 1111111. 13. l. Mappdovs. 061 6 1.

23.mof 6 116 07 111410v corr. from110. 24. Second 1 of 6 1100077 114 10 } corr. froma.2 7 . l. xaracpuyvjv ; perhaps 010 is corrected. of pepwamzc corr. 30. Second1 of 11111 corr. from1. 011709 of 116110117 09 corr. 32. Final 1 of 6 11017 101 corr. froms ?

33. 1. 0117 71 116. 44. c of 111100117 6 1 corr. from011. 45 . WGXfllf 6aboveanerasure,

the first letter being 111.

To King Ptolemyand QueenCleopatrathe sisterand QueenCleopatrathe wife,gods Euergetae, greeting, fromM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris inthe divisionof Polemoninthe Arsinoite nome,andhis brother Polemon. OnAthur 1 7 -oi the present53rd year it came to our knowledge that Asclepiades, one of theagents of Aminias,epistates of the phylacitae of the said nome, was Come to the village,and inaccordancewith(custom)we came tomeethimtogether wi ththe komarchof the villageand someof the elders of the cultivatorsand Demetrius, who 18 performing the functions of epistatesandarchiphylacites of the said village,and other persons,andhaving no . . we salutedhim. Buthearrested usand likewise Demetriusand one of the cultivators, Marres sonof Petos,alleging that informationhad beenlaidagainst usand Maronsonof Diodorus,and Petesuchus sonof . and Simonsonof .

,inhabitants of the said village,and

Artemidorus,komogrammateusof Ibionof the twenty-arouraeholders, by Hamotes sonof

Harsiésis,an inhabitant of Crocodilopolis, to the effect that theyhad dined withhimatacertain in in the villageandhehad beenpoisoned. Asclepiades brought us beforeAminias onthe 19thof the samemonth,and the result of the inquiry,at whichAmenneus

44 PE TITIONS 49

the basilico-

grammateus wasalso present, was that we wereat once released owing to thenon-appearance of the Other side. Therefore beingafraid that wemayagainbemolestedabout the sameafl'air and be subject to falseaccusationsand ex tortion inconnex ionwithour reports owing to certainoversights in thematter of your interests, wehavebeenimpelled to take refuge withyou,and we beseechyou,most greatand victoriousgods, tobestow onus tooaportionof that succour whichyou grant toall,and, since theresu lt of the board of inquiry,at whichthe basi lico-

grammateusalsowas present, was thatwe were dec lared innocent, to be pleased to give orders for our petitionto be sent toApollonius, your cousinand strategus, who inaccordance withyour wishes takes care thatnoacts of injusticeare done for the sake of calumny or ex tortion, inorder that no onemay beallowed tomolest us onthe same charges or toannoy us onany pretex t whatever,and thus M enchesmay fulfil for you the duties ofhis ofli ce withouthindrance,havingobtained succour fromyou for our whole lives. Farewell.

To Apollonius. If theallegationsare correct, see thathe is notmolested. 5grd

year, Pachon4. thoughapparentlyholding noofficial positionat this time, Polemonis

very likely identical withthe epistates of Kerkeosiris inthe early years of the nex t reign;cf. 17 . introd.

7 . N either {Omar nor vdmpov canbe read.1 5 . z ipam: one of the few references toJews inthe present collectionof papyri.

A synagogue (wpoocvxé)of theJewsat Arsinoe ismentioned in86 . 18 .

26. The constructionof 8mm<a¢>w pémv is difficult ; itmight be takenasagenitiveafter wmoamoamv but for the fact that inl. 36 the o-vx ooam’aandasaauapdcare clearlyattributed to M enches’

Opponents, not tohimself. Probablyhemeant bu ow ewpc’m

,the

wrong case being the result of the preceding genitives. M enches states that owing tohisarrest errorsmayhave crept intohisaccounts throughignoranceandhe feared w xo¢avrlainconsequence. He could claimanamnesty forhis dyvoépamunder the of the5 2ndand 53rd years ; cf. 5 . introd.

37. N ot to{la-repay or reM imi». Perhaps«when» .

44 . PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM M ATEUS.

2 7 -34. 3oo6 x 9

-8 cm. 1 14.

A petition to M enches fromHamotes,aBaau uxbs yewpyds, complainingofaviolentassaultmade uponhimat the temple of Isisat Kerkeosiris byacertainHorus.

Meyx e? xmpoypappare?Kepx eoo

'fpews

11'a‘

Apué-rov 7 00 Qaflmos

Bac tkutoi) yewpyoo‘5 rfiv i t: 7 69 at’rrfis.

[pév flwos e’

Aoc pq

[a'év pa] xal dax qpoprei607 6v 83 é1r¢1m81i¢ra9380m“ "k inds whefovsfit Mixer! éflefi] adv

15° 7753 t s PAPYR I

dr ug you e’

1r2 depart-( fativ 7 6: ar’rr60c peydhonTandemx tfpw Tfis wept

exmfo'ns ye dppma-rfas,to rr

'

ic dé x'

y rm? Haxo‘ w7 00 7 (from)'flpos v érov

raw xaraar06m330 [71st dfi qkmpe'm

01107 006110 69 5 th-fix er.15 [pot pflx qv Kai 3019]Onthe verso

so

ar. fr of -nkrnmv corr. fromx . 27. M f ill fl'

dmn con. fromC .

To M enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, fromHaruotes son of Phaflsis,cultivator of Crown land and an inhabitant of the said village. While I was in thegreat temple of Isishere for devotional purposes onaccount of the sickness fromwhich

‘

Iamsuffering, onthe 23rd of Pachoninthe grd year Horus sonofHaruotes,aresidentintheaforesaid temwe of Isis, pickedaquarrelwithme,and beginning with‘abuseandunseemly behaviourhe at last fell uponme and gavememany blows withthe eta!whichhe was carrying. Therefore, since inconsequence of the blowsmy life is indanger,Imake this statement to you inorder that itmay be forwarded by you to the properofii cialsand Imayhave it placed onrecord, sothat ifanythinghappens tome subsequentlyhemay not escape unpunished. Farewell. (Addressed)Tothe komogrammateus.’

6. c'

trlatmeiat : or formedical treatment.’7 . M 04 flou t-n: themwere two shrines of Isisat Kerkeosiris (cf. 8 8 . 29

but they were relatively unimportant, for neither of themownedany land.25 . in” Om-armp i t” cf. 49 . soand P. Fay. Towns 1 2 . 3 7 sqq. c

’

u-ot m' poo n):

b revi ty e’wiml : xp'mafm'ds amps xpmmrc'oarres aim» ( J) .

45 . PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM M ATEUS.

3o-6 x 7 -4 cm. 1 13.

Thisand the two following papyri (46and withi so- 7 , formaseriesof petitionsaddressed to M enches by various fiao'thutol yewpyol inconsequence

of damage done to their property onacertainday byaband ofmaraudersheaded by Pyrrhichus,acavalry-soldier belonging to thecatoeei ,and Heracleus,

fibre 118V whqyé r Ku do

fleh]: 7 63: { iiv 846]

flpokayymm0m8m»:onw éfps 03s xadfix eii'

v’

éu'dpxmpot e’

v

q parwpa‘ic pfi wore

if borépov waoow'os 1"you

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152 7 5 3 7 11l PAPYR I

TO M enches, komogrammateus OfKerkeosiris, fromDemas SonOf Seuthes, cultivatorOf Crownlandandassistant for the cultivators of the said village. Onthe 8thof M esore

in the 4thyear while I was engaged withthe said cultivators in the collectionOf sumsowing for the leases Of the same year, Pyrrhichus sonOf Dionysius, acatoecic cavalrysoldier,and Heracleus sonof Posidippus,aninhabitant of the said village, proceeded thitherwithmany other persons armed withswords. They went tomyhouseand throwing06 all restraint knocked down the street door, andhaving gained an entrance theycarried 06 thearticlesmentioned below,althoughthere was no dispute whatever betweenmeand them. I therefore present to you this complaint inorder that youmay subscribetomy statementsand further forwardammof the petitionto the prOper Ofi c ials, so thattheaccusedhaving beenproduced Imay recovermy propertyand theymay receivethe punishment whichthey deserve. Farewell.

Two doors Of tamarisk-wood, afootstool, ahoe, 7oo drachmae Of copper, andabronze

5 . {umpc'f ov yevp-yév : i. e.assistant collector of rents and tax es uponyw pyoc' cf. 1. 9and Wilcken, Ost. I . p. 5 5 7 .

I 4. ni ppixos Awwm'ou : no doubt the sonof the Awwm’ov roii nvppixovmentionedin lists Of x érourosat Kerkeosiris ; cf. 68 . 45. The practice Of using the same names inalternate generations was very common.

41 . For O'

xolx cov cf. P. LeydenC. iv. I 7 oxot’

xmfl(bpaxya‘c)n. Themeaning isunknown.

46 . PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM M ATEUS.

303 x 7-7 cm. s .e. I I 3.

Another petition to M enches fromasummas y wpyOs complaining of

araid onhishouse by Pyrrhichus sonOf Dionysius,and othermarauders ;cf. 45 . introd.

Meyx ei xmyoypayyar e? you dq e'

yxawoKepx eom’peaos rd buoyeypayyéva,1rapé ‘

Apyufmos Tofi oéoevbs dwhéis o s'

Zaparrfawos Baodturofi yo; wpbr ( 167 069. 816

5 yeaopyofi ré‘

w i t 7 179 émdz’doiyfamhas wepiat’rrfis. n

‘

it q 7 017 éx érrrmv buoypa¢bvMroom) f or? 8 (E

'

s-our) e

’

rreh node-m1rpoa'wro

in) fi r bmip réfawaKai 7 00 Ortoymkyaros)xoua-dv yoz or’x fav dw fyp(a¢ov) ofrafix et,Htfpptxor A tovvot

'

ov i'

v’

e’

yd) yév x oylomyatré

‘

wxa(rot'xaw)l1r(1re’mv)Kai ‘

Hpéxhaor rd éyavroii ai’n'oi dé

47 . PE TI TI ON S 53

Hmrdiw ov 7 60 30 115x 001 rfis dpyofofio'

qs

i x Tfis a[6]‘rfir x éyqr émrrhfifems‘ .aimdM ozs "Reformsév yaxafpats Kai sic-Brad dyevor ivdov e

’

x x pofi iydnov M vaix eiov)d£t(ov)(rahévrov)G GW EB

‘

] Tb x eha’mov a’

A,

7 06 oi’x ov r iis ynrp6s x tré’

waMmmeiov) x etptdd rbv) ’

A

35 O'

Téyvov i v «I t t x ofi)’

Ax .

25 . l. upomordfar. 33. or of tycmov corr. froma.l

To M enches, komogrammateus Of Kerkeosiris, fromHarmiusis sonof Sarapion,cultivator Of Crown land and inhabt of the same village. On the 8thOf M esore

Of the 4thyearmyhouse was invaded by Pyrrhichus son Of Dionysius, acatoeciccavalry- soldier, and Heracleus son Of Posidippus, inhabitant Of the said village, withmany others armed withswords. They effectedaforcible entranceand after burstingOpenthe lock Ofmymother’sapartment carried Ofl'

thearticlesmentioned below, thoughthere was no dispute whatever betweenmeand them. I therefore present this complaintto you inorder that youmay subscribe tomy statementsand further forward acowOf this petitiontothe prOper Officials, so that Imay recovermy propertyand theaccusedmay receive the punishment whichthey deserve. Farewell.

A woman’

s robe worthI talent 4OOO drachmae. A woman’s sleeved tunic worth

4ooo drachmae. A jar containing I 6OO drachmae Of copper.’18. The difference betweenobu

'a, the whole building, and olxos, an z

’

rmdaor set

Of rooms, is well illustrated by the present passage ; cf. 88 . I 4—5 , P. Fay. Towns 3 x . I I —3.

4 7 . PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM MATEUS.

x 8-2 cm. s.c. I 13. PLATE VI I .

A third petitionto M enches fromvictims of the raid of Pyrrhichus ; cf.45 . introd .

7 61! e[x Tfis‘

Ti}: 7) 7 00 Msoc/n) 1 05 8 (57 009)o'rrow fiyé

'

w 6» fanr edialmobs Toi

'

s fpyon‘

5 179 yewpyofiyev wepi Tnr

drrqvéyxawo rd 61m20 yeypayyéva, oiflevbs

tin-A89 Jvros fly i'

v rrpbs

aé‘

rorfr. «51! x épw e’

yrre

nodwyévor i v fair ipyou'

154 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

x o'

Iynv yfir e’

rreAMw e?

érri fi r findpx ovoay ny irol av Htfpptx os A tovvofov

Té’

w lflrre’

wv) Kai '

Hpa'd uos Hooetdlmrov

ré‘

w e’

x r iis az’nfis x éynsour M ats theta-Torr i vyaxafpats 0680 4 Kooyaux pmréyevoz O

'

vvrpfilrawasTip rrap68¢ov M pavKai flpooayayciw es 7 631

mipymc Ofipaw dtéx owavyépos TI . ytv6yevo¢ fvdovhoards Myer ovy rpfilrmes

13. l. M pitlmvr 27 . l. npoaw ordéor.

(ToMenches, komogrammateus ofKerkeosiris, . cultivators Of Crownlandsand inhabitants of the said village. Onthe 8thOf M esore

.

Of the 4thyearas we werein the fields at work upon the land whichwe cultivate near the village, PyrrhichussonOfDionysius,acatoecic cavalry-soldier,and Heracleus sonof Posidippus,aninhabitantOf the said village, invaded ourhouse withmany other persons armed withswordsand incontinently knocked down the street door, and plac ing this against the tower

broke throughpart Of it. Having effected anentryand knocked downthe remainingdoors they carried off the articlesmentioned below,

althoughthere was no disputewhatever betweenus and them. We therefore, beinghindered inour work and thattoowhile the water isout, resent toyou this complaint Inorder that youmay subscribeto our statementsand fu er forwardacopy Of the petitionto the proper ofi cials, sothat wemay recover our propertyand theaccusedmay receive the punishment whichtheydeserve. Farewell.

The list is -adoor of tamarisk-wood, twohoes,and zoodrachmae of copper.’

48 . PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM MATEUS.

19 x tom. About n.c. r r3.

A petitionaddressed to M enches by the komarchand wpeofiflrcpmro‘

iv

yewpyév of Kerkeosiris concerninganassault. These offic ialshad undertakento collect 1500artabae of cornfromthe yewpyot byacertaindate, inaddi tion

xai rat’h'af or? 68mmémx etyévov 8to“I8!

8oye'

v 0mdmus r ep) éx érrrmvIlrroypa¢hu variantmoosvrrordfawaItal 7 017

t'

nroyvfiolaros‘) dw fyAaWW)of? X c

061m,i'

v'

fiyei’

s yév x oywéyeflard éavré‘

waural 8é nixmmTiis

dpyofofia'qs érrmhvffemr.et

’mfxa.for ty 83 faxafi 31»

“Pa”oxapei

’aB,xw wWaxed ?) 2

'

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156 7 153 t l PAPYR I

I 4.mpow lav : payments for the visit’of the king or Ofi cialsare oftenmet within

Ptolemaic papyri ; cf. note,and Wilcken, I . pp .

Ip 274 sqq. Theabuses of the

systemare the subject ofone Of the decrees of Euergetes I (5 . I 78

I 7 .atoms, since it depends onImpeach“, seems tomeanapayment of some kind.Probably it isageneral termfor the variousminor tax esat the «Doc, suchas the w mwé' ;Cf. 90. introd 92. 9

—1 I ,and 105 . 24 sra'vrafll 306440 0 c’

srl f i t (fl, (inhéyaraml Amati.I S. At

'mos : perhaps identical withAt’mosmpiams whose conduct gave rise to thecomplaint In50.

fi'

HpamI the constructionproceedsas if 4mhad beeninserted.26.momma-mmightalsomeanthat they ‘

rantogether,’ i .e.assembled ; but thesense giveninthe translationismoreappIOpriate.

3 x . w yfi oams : Cf. 18 . 1 5 , note.

49. PETITION TO THE KOMOGRAM MATEUS.

23-24. 246 x 12 -2an. 1 13.

A complaintaddressed to M enches by ApollOphanes,afiamhtx bs wants,that the land cultivated byhimhad beeninundated by theactionofaneighbour,fromwhomhe claimed damages ; cf. 5 4 .

M eyke? xmyoypayyare'i Kepx eoofpems1r[ap&] Zn‘okhocpdvovs 7 06 A towoowpov

fia[¢r]dttx oi3 yeaopyofi 7 6V e’

x Tfis afm’j7 i x f or? ¢a6¢t 7 09 e (i t

-our)

5 Nfrayas rob‘

Zyew éaor Tdir

e’

x Tijs afirfis x éyns éyhfiowosi s fi t éavroflyfit 68am

xarax éxhvx ev 81 8 r ijs

thrapxmio-qr yo: fiaodttm‘js7 69 ( 19 (dpoépas)fi8' Orr’

dpoo-

ybv

[0601173 av £ 19 réhos dr oa'rp[ ]Oat xai [e’rrtydve'qfflmyo¢ flhéfiojs els (rrvpofl) (dpréfias) x 8tb

e’

1rt8t8myt' O’

Ot 81m7 06 iyxahovy€v[o]v rrpoc xhqflwos tramwayxaoflfit dr o8oflvaf yoc Tb Bhéfios,ea» 83 drmOfit unoréfm

50. PE TI TI ON S 157

7 00 I'

nrowyaror dw fypadmvofsaflmi

'

v’

{moipxnt yoce’

v x pnyar to'yé’

u Kai ynOévréit Baa-the? 8ta1réo-m.

[stir-fix “.

ToM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, fromApollophanes sonof Dionysodorus, cultivator of Crownland fromthe same village. Onthe oathof Phaophi inthe sthyear N iconsonof Amenneus,aninhabitant of the said village, let out the water onhis ownlandand flooded a} arourae of the Crown land belonging tome, whichwas thenbeingploughed, withthe result that they were completely (ruined)and I suffered damageamounting to soartabae ofwheat. I therefore present to you this complaint inorderthat theaccusedmay be summonedand compelled to refundme the damage and. ifherefuses I beg you toforwardaCOpy of the petitionto the proper Ofi cials, so that Imayhave it placed onrecordand the kingmay incur no loss. Farewell.’

10-

3. soartabae of wheatapparently represent the value of the total produce ofa} arourae, whichis equivalent to 88artabae for thearonra. The commonest rent foranemia) 76 being 4artabaeandafractionfor onearoura, itmay be suggested that theordinary rent was onehalf the produce.

so. 3» q yaflrryflu : cf. note on44 . 25 .

50. PETITION To THE KOMOGRAMMATEUS.

3 I-4 x I z -7an. ac. I I z- I .

Another petitionreferring to damage done toCrownland. The grievanceis in this instance the reverse of thatmentioned in 49. A ccord ing to thestatement of the complainant, Pasis sonof Petesuchus, the canal whichwateredhis fieldshad been dammed up during atemporary absence by Lycus, thecultivator of the adjoining land. Thishadhappened five years earl ier thanthe date of the present document ;and Pasishadat the time of the occurrenceobtained anorder fromM encheshimself, acting withthe komarchand theelders of the cultivators

,

’that the canal should be restored to its previous

condition. Lycus,however,had so far evaded compliance, and Pasis nowcomputedhis total lossat I 50artabae Ofwheatand 15 talents of copper.

The writing is onthe versoof the papyrus, the rectobeing blank ; cf. introd.

to 41.

[M eyx e]?myoypayfyark? Kepx eoot’

pems[wapd] Hoofror To[0 Hokra-06x 01; Bao‘

thtx ofi yempyofi Té’

w

158 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

[3x flfis afirfis. 311i e’

x r ]éiv iyrrpooflev x p6vmv[e

’

0to]yoi3 O'vTos Tr)v t

’m'épxovo'év5 [yor] rrepl Tr)vafirfiv. x o

'

Iyqv Baodturhv y ijv[848 1 06 8tet

’

pyovros 8d r ijs errtx etyévqs Aflxwfor? Zamvpfmvor Ital érépow Baodturfir Te Kailepc

'

i r 7 69 Baothtx oi)‘ é8paywyoi3, iv 83 Téit B (fret)

xmpcoOévros you et’

s dM o8qyfav rrepi dvory

I 0 xafov wpayydraov 16v 2e xp]n1rt¢i 8ou TOO

o'

vyyevofis‘ 8 flpoyeypayyevos voyloas

x utybv et’

npvfit fx etv émfiaha‘ovo'vvexaoo'

ev

re e’

v rfit éawroi) yij t yépr) Tot) oqyatvoyévov88paywy00, 607 ’av in rat? rowt

f

rovhareI 5 oovraye TOO 8e

’

ovror xaupoi} roii 7 69

rrorwyofi Bkdfios yemflfivat et’

r (Irvpoia(dpréfias) Areal els 8¢ 1rc£vnv JAM ” ipymv 7 00 rror to'yoo

xahkofl(Tahdvraov) 7 °I'm3p div t

'

flrb 7 8v xatpbvwapahafia‘nv 06 re xal '!2pov xmydpxnv Kati

20 f or): wpeofiw épovr rfiv yempyéivare.[8]et£aTé Te fihéfintai Tbv 88paywybv ovv

of thv Kai x pt0fivat Tbv

[or]poyeypayyévov Aflx ov ex ox éWav'mrd ye

’

pq rro‘

rlfetv ye 8t’ ati-rat? dx oltoéOoIs

25 roi‘

s 30to'yo'

t’

s xa06-rt 8fxat6v 301W. roérov

83 ym83 ye'x pt 7 06 vfiv efeowa¢6ros8tavafiahhoyevovaw x ciptv 3x

rrebm'oyev dei xar ’

{ for TOO 8€ovros

M M 7 00 worn-

yeans i ref} els (“Mar30 yt

’

veo'Oat’ yet at upox efyevovmuffins 7 09 re

r vpofi Ital xahxoflaovvéye-rat tin-b f or? B

yéx pt 7 00 c; (trove) (1rvpo0) (ciprdflar) pv xai8t

’ flv airfav e’

fnoflevnxa’os3x 7 00 yarare M yov dravn'

iv rbv

35 o'1r6pov 31rt8t8¢ yf om8mm1rep2 31:vOnoypa¢r)v notflmy r poo

'w ordfavraItal 7 00 throyvriya‘

ror dv‘

rfypatpov oismariner,

(rdkavra) te.

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160 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

5 1. PETITION TO THE KOM OGRAM M ATEUS.

8 -2 x cm. About 1 13.

Beginning of apetition to M enches fromafiamhugbs yewpyOs whichisinteresting onaccount of thementionofao-vyypaor‘j Tpodtf

‘

rtsmade betweenthe writerand the womanwho was living withhimashis wife. This termforacontract to supp ly rpooe

'

t‘awas knownfromP. Tor. 13. 9 cf. P. Ox y. I .

37 . 9, and Wilcken’

s discussionof it inA rabic,I . p. 1 23. His ex planation

is ful ly confirmed by the present document. Themin/poo.) rpo¢tr tshere very

likely took the place ofamarriage contract, i. e. thefe wasakind of dypatbosyttyos (cf. P. Ox y. I I . pp . 243 The petition, so faras it goes, presentsmuchresemblance to P. Ox y . I I . 282,and probably , like that document

,went

onto complainof theft or simi larmisbehaviour onthe part Of the woman.

Meyx ei’

xmyoypatyyaTei’Kepx eoofpeaos1m[p]d "

12pm; Tofi Herex éivTos

fiqod tjx ofi yewpyoii Téiv [3x ] T iis

5 dfiffijs. Ovv6vTos you .]q yec

fl. .]Ou 7 6V 3K Tfis‘ [aI’ITFjgKlévlnsmamvplafltvA [i ]Tt

'av Tpo¢t v KaiTa[15]rmXOpnyéiv IrévTaT8 [356k xaTd 86vay tv v

[t'

nrapx évrwv

I O. Cf. P. Ox y. II . 282. 7 inexopfi-

yqa'aat’rrfj T8 356: 1103 time’p 86my w,and 104. 17—8

napex loflo card Ovvay tv rawimapx dvrwvairro’

i r.

52. PETITION To THE E PISTATES.

13 2 x 7-6 cm. About 1 14.

Petition to Polemon, epistates of Kerkeosiris (cf. introd . to fromawomannamed Tapentos, stating thatherhousehad beenforc ibly entered

5 3. PE TI TION S 16 1

and that the contract relating to its purchasehad beenstolenalong withotherpapers.

Hohéymvt éflIOTafTetKepx eoo

-[pems1rap& TaflevTéiTos "

R yanTéiv e

’

x Tfis at’rrfis. e’mfiaTos

5 dc Tbv I'

JTrofpxovTé yor

ofx ov real 0'

Twin)?

vlbs Oafis (jix ovro ex ovTes Tfi ]v T ijs ol as you o'vy

ypa¢fiv Ital ZTepaBIOT tx dmfyfloha. 37 thOIIv 8t(é TO) ye e’

v

Bowlfflps dpmfr

e’

v8efis OIIO'

O Téiv dvaflxafmvKai Tofs Trepi Tb oéiy[a{oy tots fiovhoyévr;Oat T1)v oqyatvoyevpyv KaiRammed-Oat et

’

s 8tao[¢bvT IDIAOI 01

4. l. { II-M ower. 1 2. Second e of even): over the line. 15 . vofmy corr. fromTo Polemon, epistates of Kerkeosiri s, fromTapentos daughter of Horus, of the

same village. Anattack wasmade uponmy dwelling by Arsinoeandher sonPhatres,who went off withthe contract relating tomyhouseand other business documents.Therefore since Iamseriously ill, being inwant ‘

Of‘

the necessaries of lifeand bodily

58 . PETITION To THE ‘KOMOGRAMMATEUS .

315 x 137 cm. 1 10.

A petitionaddressed to Petesuchus, the successor of M enches as komogrammateus, byacultivator of Crownlands, complaining of the theft of certainsacred sheep belonging to inhabitants Of Kerkeosiris.

On the verso is aprivateaccount of payments for Oil, wine, bread, &c .,

similar to 112.

162 TE BTUN IS-

PAPYR I

HeTeo-ofix wtmyoypayyaTeIKepx eoo

'

t’

pemsTrap’ "flpov Tor? KovvéiTos Bamhurofiyewp

'

yoii Téiv e’

x T6? ai rfis.5 Tij t x Tor? 6 45080 TOO 1; (grove) T6v

thrapx 6vTo>v T029 31: T iis 1:6q

yewpyoi'

s 1170056v lepo'

iv y div

Tv‘

yx évoo 1rpo{veyoye

'

vmv e'

v To'

is Trepl Tbv

Kepx eoofptv Tre8t'

0ts e’m06yevOI

Ago—main Tp67rmt HeTepyofMts

Kaoénos (elx oo'tofpovpor) ROI 8 TOIfTov d8eh¢6s HeTe

oofixos (er répovpos) Kai HeTepyoiJOts

Nex 0y06¢tos Kai 1160-ts Zpey ilrofiros (enroipovpot)dyofms O

'

I‘

Jv erepow tai HeTepyOGOIs

Qeyfiporjptos emxahorfyevos‘Haroaims Téiv 37 B epevtx t

'

8os

Oeoyogbépov Treptfihaoav wpéfiaTaO

'

tfyyet ay ev 039mmyeva{floxatfi. dftéi I

'

flrOTéfat T00

I‘

flroyvvjyaTos civr fypatpov 02'savj x et

Omar ol ed v6yevo¢ dvafqrqflflvres‘T3 y3v x rfivq dwa800fiattiroi 83Tflxmo'

t chv wpoofix et, 83 Irciv[T]oov

oi kkfipmat’rra'iv xaTaoe O‘

Bot év Té‘

u

Bamhtx é’x . etinfx et.

dvatpépox Ivaedv yflt (A)ms ¢afv17Tat o'vvT455 9 xareyyv(6v)at’rra‘Bv Tor): xMflpovr)adrobs 83 dvao}{nrfioas fl. dow fmoflat T3 yevflma-m)

6 7 09

1 2. were corr. from(lmépovpoc). 14. Second vof 1&mcorr. fromo. 20. v

ofmomcm. fromm?To Petesuchus, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris, fromHorus sonof Konnos,

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64 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

rule thathas beend iscovered ,and is one of the latest of the crocodile-

papyri ,thoughthere are some whichbelong to the reign of N eos Dionysus ; cf.

108 . introd.

Téiv 3 ,06v

Maw [tai] lmrépxmErr, dv8p6v xarofxaov I

’mre’aovTrapd Méhavos Téiv ex 1779 0179

5 l fa[r.] T[O]G Grrcfpxovr6s yOI

xhflpw dv ) I Trepi Oeoyovt’

8aopt

’

yov ovrapr’ivat, 80ev Tij I

vvl TGI ¢ep06¢mels Tbv

Ire TOG Qaéi¢t TOG AB (eTovs)31reA0[6v]Tes HeTeo'oos‘

rat 0! fioflrohr d8eh¢oi OI Tpefs‘]p TOG v o

'

ITov

d[1r]b [Tijs' Kep]x eoo

'[pemsTfis yepf8os

e’

n'l Tbv 8[Ia}oa¢O6yev6v yovx M jpov éyhéhvmv T3 31: Tijs

yfis aI’v G8aTa[W e

.]T v Irvyfiefiqx émv KaTaxAvo'OijvaIBptdfios yOI yeyove

’

vat(Trv G) (d éfiar) dftéi 33v

T[aI O'

v éjfaI xaTIw T ijO'aI

aflToGs 33 2 013 real e’

rravayx éo'c [I yOI Tb BM BOT.

[TOGTov 83 y]evoy€vov foo

[yaI TeTevx ]8>s Ta'Bv 8I xafmv.

1 1 . no: of «moo.0011. fromw » III . 12 . ops ofaptnnw corr.

To one of the first friendsandhipparchovermenof the catoecic cavalry,fromM elas,amember of yourhousehold. Theholding of 10 arourae whichI own

Theogonis was ready for sowing whenonthe night before the 25 thof Phaophiof the 32nd year Petesuchusandhis brothers, all three sons of sonof Hamotes,of Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemon, invadedmyholding aforesaid and let loose

5 5 . PR I VA TE COR R E SPONDE N CE 165

into it the water fromtheir land, so that inconsequence of whathappened it wasfloodedand Ihave sufferedaloss of I beg you, if you please, to give instructions for themto be sent toyouand compelled tomake good tome the damage. If this is done, I shallhave obtained redress.’

1 . 0nx [ :along,apparentlyaccidental, stroke is drawnthrough3 .

2. The various attempts to draw adistinction betweenhrmipxm' fw’

6:8v andbmipxmsimply (of. Peyton, P. Tor. I. p. 75 , Lumbroso, Rad ian/la, p. 197 , Grenfell,P. G renf. I . p. 40)have not beensuccessful,and theadditionof 83 '

M p5» does not seemtomakeanymaterial difl'

erence. The title tImIipq (or I‘

ncpdw) I'Ir’

M p8 ” does not occur,so faras is known, before the second century 3 .c., when it is commonlyapplied to thehuman. of adistrict. It is doubtful whether inmany cases the title ismore thanhonorary (cf. P. Ox y. II . p. thoughStrack (Rha‘

n. Mm. lv. p. 1 76) is probablyright inobjecting to P. M eyer

’

s view Heerwesm, p. 26) that the lumfpxat i x ’

M p6»

occupied adefinite place in thehierarc y. Here,however,as theadditionofIII-ne

'

e r shows, themilitary significance of the title is real.5 . amais] : cf. 89 . I I and introd.8 . wan-l r I

‘

jI ¢ ¢p060fl6 3 cf. Smyly, Hormel/Iona, x i. pp. 87 sqq. The day ’at thisperiod contained not the whole twenty- fourhours, but the period fromsunrise to sunset,events whichtook placeatnight being described withreference tothe day following.

21 . Cf. 49 . 13and 5 1. 16.

V PR IVATE COR R E SPON DE NCE .

5 5 . LETTER FROM M USAEUS To M EN CHEs.

208 x 13 5 cm. Late second century 3. c.

A short letter to M enches, probably the komogrammateus, fromhisbrother M usaeus (cf. 18 . acknowledging the receipt ofanartabaof(ammi Cqbtiwm),and asking for some other kinds of produce.

MOvo'afos' [M eyx jei Téit d8eh¢éitxafpetv xa[ i 31rd 8Ie

'

yvmxa3&8c e e[1]s TeBT

'GvIv Tfit 1)

fx pcvaypéWm. x ex 6y tx e 86 ya5 8 Trapd o'oG dytos (d éfiqv)a.xapte‘

t'

o in fywas fiy iv

166 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

¢akoG (i TéBas) B ,

T IjAeOIr (cipTafBas) 5 ,T8 83 fiMa] 3[1rt]ye'hov O

'avToG10 iv

’

Gytafvns‘ .

Onthe versoMeyx ef.

M usaeus tohis brother M enches, greeting 'and goodhealth. Since Ihave dec idedto travel to Tebtunis on.the 8th, Ihave determined to write to you. Youragenthasbroughtme oneartabaofami . You will therefore conferafavour onme by sendingme twoartabae of lentilsand twoartabae of fenugreek. For the rest take care of yourself,soas tokeep ingoodhealth. Good- bye. (Addressed)ToM enches.’

5 . 3pm: InPliu . H. N . x x . 1 5 . 58 there isadescriptionof the plantami, est emz'norr

’mfllthmmquad Graeci w ean! omi ouleme! but? was, namyue e! pantherA lexandrt'mlrmh'a'

lvr cl condemn/III I'

nterpom'lvr . A long list of itsmedical propertiesfollows.

5 8 . LETTER FROM PETESUCHUS To M ARRE S.

24 x cm. Late second centuryA letter fromPetesuchus of Kerkesephis to Marres, probablyayempydsat

Kerkeosiris, stating that the landabout Kerkesephis was flooded ,andaskingMarres tofindhim5arouraeat Kerkeosiris for themaintenance ofhimselfandthe cattle.

Anapprox imate date for this papyrus is supp lied byafragmentary letterfromthe same crocod ile (280)dated (from) y[, i . e. insome year betweenthe4othand 49thof E uergetes I I .

HeTeo'oos Mappfiovs fiei ybr

Téiv 3x Kepx emjcpems { [s jMappfiTI HeToo'

ep os T6“l

5 xai °

d8eh¢§ xat'petv. 83

wept TOG xaTax ex AGOOat T8 1re8for

{1v ml 081: (x oyev for Tiis

Tpogbfis N W “ 17v 1)y6v.

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168 TE BTUN IS PAPYR I

Trenpax érwv, [xakéir OGv

Troujo'

ets qty-

[oktioasaGToGrT6 Te rjvex [vpaoye'va

I 0 [Iva]I

Tds Ta'Bv lepIGv ( cfumv oeITayooI

ippmoo. (eTovs) y’

E 1re2¢ 1B.

Onthe verso

Petenephies to greeting and goodhealth. The keepers of crocodiles (7)fromwhomyou took security for the payment of 2 artabae of wheat eachhave nevermade the payment. Please therefore to release themand return the articles pledged,inorder that theymay beable withouthindrance to furnishthe supplies of food forthe sacredanimals. Good-by The 3rd year, Epeiph1

4.mpr'yras : cf. 211. The word Imépadoes notappear to be elsewhereapplied tocrocodiles, but since npoxJBI Ikoc reallymeans ‘ lizard

(cf. Hdt. ii. 69) it would not be

surprising to-find OOGpaused of the sameanimal ; 0 . Hdt. iv. 192mlx epaat‘m, ramom'IpqO I Ipoepc'orarm. Otherwise itmust be supposed that in the Fayumthere were lizards whichfromtheir similarity to crocodiles werealsoheld sacred ; buttheseare nowhereheard of.

5 8 . LETTER FROM A TAX - FARME R .

X 03 I I I .

This rather voluble and discursive letter is apparently continued fromanother sheet whichhas not survived there is no Opening formulaoraddress ,and the first wordsare Tpooebpevxoros o , whichwould naturally imply thatsomethinghad preceded . The letter is writtenonbothsides of the papyrus,the columnonthe rectobeing continued first inthe uppermarginonthe samesideand then, inaccordancewithadirectiontoturnover the page,onthe verso;and thereare twopostscriptsat the end. The writer was it seemsatax - farmer,who was nowanx ious to retainthe right to collect the tax inquestion;andthe first thirty - six linesare occupied withadescriptionofhis efforts todefeatarival whohadmadeahigher bid by 400artabae of wheat. A view of thedocument containing the offermade by this rivalhad beenobtained bymeans ofbribing theonoymyaroypaoor (cf.note on1. and thewriterwas nowattempting

5 8 . PR] VA TE COR R E SPONDE N CE 169

byafurther bribe toabstract the said documentaltogether. Onthe versoheturns to other subjects, relatinghow certainarrears of wheat whichhad to bemethad beendistributed . His ownshareamounted to 735artabae ;andallthe komogrammateis of the nome, withthe ex ceptionof thirteenwhohadappealed to the dioecetes,had beeninc luded inthe responsibility for payment.

Kai 08mmovvx exo’rpmx ev,35 (307

’

dv o Tots Geofs xaTaoTox vj to

'ayevat’rroG. Tdrrfltoura

I Trpooe8pevx 6ros

o o'Gv Téit yp(ayyaTei){ ims }

i v rs. MayaionsIt; Ital oG8ay6 9

5 wpoox exhijyefla.e Ij xayev 83 T8v

im8e8a>x 6TaT8 Gmiyvtflya)‘i ITT Iv iAx ovaaor6 TOG HaéiTos TOG

G qfiafov yewy i Tpov.

Tij t o x 8 fihflovet

’

s T8 I'

nroyvrjyaToyp(a¢efov)Kai 8089 [II ] d KOG)2

irreax etpdqefipov T8 Gmiye ya) [[Tralli rret8e8oy i vov TrapdM eITTao'GTo s TOG

y iypau'

rat d yep wybs miAIv Trpoo'evTe

'

M o

TO‘

Bv M ’c, Kai 8e'8mxav yat' O

'

OI Trpome8peGO'at40 re.

“

M iAavI xai imfiefirflxao'tv) xai Trpoovrapaq ioat N I’

x wvafiyfv (1rvpoG) O

‘

yfi'

i v 073 5 5 Trept T ijs idv

Haé‘ITos TrpayyaTtxoG,Gwoox vofiyevos

Trpooviftv drrb Trav s

et'

8ovs (TrvpoG) v. Kai i rrelOI

’

I Trapa-yiyovev i rrl Tbv

8IdA{A}oyov TOG e (i Tovs) KaiTOG c

, (i rous), Ot'rTos o

Oewpvjoar ye orTrpooe8petiovTaIta0' fly ipav aha-e? 8e8t’AavTaI . Beflovheriyeflai x owdaat T8 im8e8oye

'

vov GTOv QIa) yri TroTe

i rri TOG 8IaA6yov x etyaoOéiyev. inyyikyaflaTIBI GrroyvnOIaTofld ot)oipyu(pt

'

ov)

(8paxyds) I,8

170 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

eI’mv ol 8I8 TOG voyoG 8ei O

'

e o'v reo'Iv Ia.x wfiyob'pfayyarefr). Tfio Ire iv( i) 31v i O

'Gvrreo'at.Tevxav

of Iy Irmyoyp(ayyaTeis)OI' IraTaTrAeIiO

'avTes iv Téit Mex eip Téit

8IOIm)(TfiI)Kai Traperret‘

ye'

yp p

Ii TroAGO'aI aI’ITOGs [[yllTor): 83 AOITroGrmega. Tds ll

“

!'

E .

ypdsyas 811019 4518779, Ital OI)

dva-yv ’aTos

3. This line was inserted later between11. 2 and 4. 4. I: ofmcorr. fromo.

19. l. I‘Imoxvovye'm. 24. Above (from)48: was writtenand thenerased. 25—6 . These

lines overanerasure. 29. First 0 of exovraoat 0011. from8. 32 . l. I'

IrmI'XII IOII .35 . e of xaramoxnwayev corr. l. xaramx doatyev? 44. Second aoveranerasure.

5 1 . w of IO'OeI Over 3 erased. 5 7 . 1. 06111130 3 . 62 . l . imye'hou.

‘Wehave been inattendance withthe basilico-

grammateusat thehouse of Magastill the 26th

, buthave not yet beensummoned. Wehave found out the personwhopresented thememorandum. He is Acusilaus the sonof Paos, the land - surveyorof Thebes.

SO onthe 24thI went to the notary’

s Officeandafter paying 200 drachmaeOf copperI obtainedaview. I found that thememorandumhad beenpresented fromM estasutmissonof Paos, the ofi cial, who is undertaking to collect fromevery class 400artabae ofwheatmore. Nothaving beenpresentat theaudit of the 5 thand 6thyearsand seeingme indailyattendancehehasas it were turned coward. Wehave determined toabstrac tthememoranduminorder that wemaynot come togriefat theaudit. Wehave Offeredthe notary 1 2 drachmae of silver,andhehas not yetmade the concession, soby the graceof the gods we shall winhimover — Continued on the back — The divisionof the1600artabaehas beendrawnupand givento M elas. 73; artabaehave beenassignedtous, the komogrammateis throughout the nome being included. Onthe 25 ththereforethe 13 komogrammateis who sai led down inM echeirappealed to the dioecetes,andhehas returned instructions that they should be releasedand that the rest of the komogrammateis should bemade to pay the 1 5000. I write this for your information; donothaveanyanx iety. I againbid you be inattendance,and urge onN icoualsoconcerning thecollection. If youmustmeet Anicetusmeethim.— By the grace of the gods theauditwi ll take placeabout Pachon 30. Good-bye. The 6thyear, Pachon26. Take care ofyourhousehold.

’

18. npayIIm-Ixofi : this word is used like rrpa'yyaTeVOyevorasageneral termfor {ofiicials ’

inStrack,Was/12, Inscr. 103 (C)aaflryoi Ital into-TanaItal Ovflcipxm(ml ofal l“ Trpa[y]yaTtx Olmines. M estasutmis was very likely the brother ofAcusilaus

20. wpomiéw : cf. 19. 6, 7 2. 2 1 7 .

33. this person, whohad alocal office (1. 1 2)andacceptedsmall bribes ( ll. 13and cannot be the importantAlexandrianOfficial who is occasionally

O'Gv Tots Geofs O

'

x e88v

fITTaI 8 8Idhoyos i t»?Tfis‘ A TOG Hax o'w.

ippaooo. (i Tovs)s'i rretye

'

vov Tofs

i v ofxau.

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172 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

tai oifieoflat T8 ieptiv,

ippox rfle). (iTovr) tf,‘ Qaé’

xj‘u

0.

Onthe verso1rap8 Tofr iv Te(1r)T6veI lepeGOI.

15 Hooet8m(vfov)Posidonius to the priestsat Teptunis, greetingand goodhealth. I tooamwell .

Sokonophisand Opis,members of your body,have come downto the city,and intimatetome thehereditary friendship whichyouhave forme of old ; so, whatever youmayrequire, donothesitate tocommandmy services, because of old I revereand worship thetemple. Good- b .ye 16thyear, PhaOphi 9. (Addressed)FromPosidonius to the priestsat Teptunis.’

1 . Tea-T imer : the formTea-r ims is rare in the Ptolemaic period, but in the Romanperiod tends tosupersede Tim.

1 lrpdv : the principal temple at Tebtunis was that of Soknebtunis. A largenumber of documents chiefly of the Romanperiod were found in thehouses of thepriests withinthe templearea.

1 2. (from) I5 : thehandwriting shows that the papyrus is of about the end of

the second century 3 .c., so the reign is that of Ptolemy Alexander, to whichseveralof the demotic

fapyri found withthisonealsobelong. (II -ow)I7 could equally well be read ,

but CleopatraI I continued toreignuntil the end of the year (cf. P. Grenf. I I . 32. 1 2 3mmI; m? Ital Iy M eoopI)A),and it isnot likely thather regnal year would be omitted.

VI . THE LAN D SURVEY.

80. SUM MARY REPORT ON THE CROPS OF KERKEOSIR IS.

recto. 31 x 885m. 1 18.

Forageneral introductionto the numerous longand important documentsin this section (so-as)and for asurvey of the immensemass of detailedinformationwhichthey provide,as wellas foradiscussionof themany newand obscure technical terms whichoccur, the reader is referred to Appendix i .

so,as is there ex plained , givesabrief statement of the facts presented ingreatdetail in81,and was writteninthe 531d year. The figuresas faras l. 45 refer

to the 52nd year,after that point tothe 53rd. They do notalways correspond

withthose in 81 ; but the inconsistencies are probably duemainly to the

60. THE LAND S UR VE Y 173

difference of timeat whichthe two documents were drawnup, 60 being thelater ; cf. 11. 69—

7 2, note.

The first sevencolumns, whichgive the summary totals of the differentclasses of land inthe wholeareaof the village,abrief classificationof the lepa',xAnpovx tmjand fiaodtm‘; yij , includingastatement of the various deductions fromthe total rents due fromthe latter,andalist of xard yOI are continuous

and nearly complete, the lacunae being general ly capable of restorationfromthe paral lel passages in 61 or other documents. BetweenCols . vii and ix

there isabreak, but the tex t on the verso (24)shows that only one columnis lost inthe interval. This probably contained asummary of the or ipyara,Orivetaand yarious tax es, correspond ing to 61. (6) 299-

345 . Col. ix reverts

to the land i v 611046q , the totals for whichhadalready beenbriefly given inCols. v- vi

,and describes the items insomewhat greater detail (cf. 74and 7 5 )

thoughwithless elaboration than is found in the parallel passages of 61Severalmore columnsmusthave beenrequired for the completion of thislist onthe scale uponwhichit was begun, but theseare lost.

Col. i .

KiO'

TIv T8 dvaypa¢6yevov 1r8v i 8a¢09ions TOG vfl(irovs) yiis (dpovpat) 241e v

x éymo IrepIo-Tdoet OL8

'

,

d¢’di[v a8',

xaTaAeQITovTaI) x 6[y]qs £0L .

M ohfiyoh: d¢6pov TO[G i ]x rbr y I(Irfl¢fiaews) (dpovpat) pfOL I's"

Iepas yfis (wpérmv) lepéivf ofix ov 0609 vodka") revi ew) x étpvov) pvaL.f ox veflrfivws 0e(oG) ye‘

yéOtov) yeyflhov) drrb Tiis dvtepwy ivnr I

'nrb T[6v 8I ]8 X oyrjvtos

iowapy ivat (dpovpat) pA,yfvovTaI (Trpév ) lepéiv Sou .

[8]evTipa>v Iepéiv T6v i v Tij t Ge(6v) x 8’

q’

.

[é jo-T

’

efv[a]t iepii r [(dpofipasflaL8'n' , iqfwafly ivqr)

iovrapy ivhs

174 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

Col. 11.

x kqpovx tx r'

js Tiis Wapx ofionr ices TOO vfl(i rous)yfis (dpovpat)

8>v i ITT Iv'

IraTofxoov (dpovpat) rp£e8

'

, l io'rrapOI ivqs) Tfn8'rf.(TpIaIrovTapOGpov) x epo'

ecpfmrovi¢68ov (dpovpat)yr), inapQI ivqr) I8.

,

Ivax ITéiv (dpoupat) x , iwafly ivqr) If.

25 yfvovTaI Toérmv (dpovpat) imafly ims) Tq08'n'.Kai Téiv pepoy ivmv iv Tij t Téiv yaxfiywv)ovvrdft ois Thv KaTayeTpMGefoav) tin Tfis

iowapye’vns yeyov(e’v)ar iv Tofs a’rrb TOG y (i Tovs'

)Téiv I

'

nrb Tfiv X [o]yrj [vtos Aaap av30 lmrimv Kai (i rrTapOtipmv) [Gym

iovrap(y ivns) TAG, I5[1roM yov p0.

Kai Téiv 8I8 HTe yafov [Ital Ei vjtpvtj r,iowapyivns (dpovpat) [I0L .

[M «11mm(Wmvisa. 1 impos e ) rm2 1 . the signfor dpoupahas beencorrectedapparently

wants the usual strokeabove it.Col. i i i .

o‘

ioTe efvat T8: Irpox et(ye’

vas) (dpovpar) I

imrapy i vnsGwoh6yov

1rapa8e( 00>v) TIGv iv Trepty iTpty T iis KO'

IOIQT)‘

iv AaxaveQaI) iprflyov)a8’

,

Kai iv Tr'

j t iepg’

i y ij t 2015x411] 0406)yed ou) x , xa8'.voyO

'

Bv Téivmobs t x bv] 8IOIx ovye'

vOIs

i)? i¢nyyfo0at 818 TO Ira(pax e200at) TIGI 8m(dpovpat)poe8'Trepi

‘P'

Ivapa(elr T8 aI’ITB Téiv wpox etotivmv) el86v

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TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

8Ayvpf80s 2 If (épTa'fiaI)x ipoov (dpovpat) q 8

'

85"

(éprdflat) 2081“75 yfvov[T]aI TOG ions TOG vfl(iTovs)

(dpovpat) vf I'

q'

Xfi'

(dprdfiat)Iio

’

IBv efvaI Tv’

js T pooqyye'

vqs yeT8

Tbvm6p0v Tr'

is xaTeIp'

yao'

y ivqs dvb

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1 78 TEE TUN IS PAPYR I

landare stated tobe ipqyoc, the rest being Iyflpoxos. Probably the 1281 represented the realconditionof the land throughout.

1 5 . The signI found before occurs frequently inPtolemaic papyri whereatotal is divided up into its component parts or where some deduction ismade fromit,and is practically equivalent to cf. 96 . 1 1and 15 .

16. About 4 linesare lost betweenthisand l. 15 . In them20arourae were sub

tracted for IrapéoI I IroI (cf. 1. as in11. 5 - 6, the total of the leptl yr“; being reduced to 27 1;arourae cf. 61. (a)1 5 7.20. The total of the “from. is right if Maronsonof Dionysius, whowas transferred

fromthe ovkax ‘

irmto the Iairoq I in the 5 2nd year (61. (a) I 7 , 39—4 is not reckonedamong the latter ; but thenthere isanerror concerning theovkax ‘

t‘

rat, whoshould be threeinnumber, owning 30arourae. Ineither case the total inl. 18, arourae, is 10

short ; cf. p. 5 5 3.

24. The number of thearourae owned by the imyooéxax es (30, cf. p. 545)has beenomitted. Hence the total inthe nex t line, 1067} (omitting the 3

3, inthe land owned by

the x rpae'rpanror), is 30 too small.2 7—8. at: 7 8v x . some, or perhapsall, the native troops received arable land

whichwas normallyassigned to cleruchs ; cf. 66 . 23- 7, where the land

giventoyd yOI is subtracted fromthearableareaof the Crownlands,and p. 5 54. xpdvocr

is to be supplied withrots in l. 28 cf. 116 . 5 7 . The 4othyear isacommonland-markinthese papyri onaccount of the disturbancesat that period ; cf. 72. 45and p. 5 53.

30- 4. For the restorationof the figures cf. 61. (a)5 2- 145 .

36- 7. The totals, whichwere not filled in(cf. 1. were (omitting the immv’lans)

for the cultivated land 75 7-3and for the uncultivated 7763arourae, as canbe inferredbyadding up the separate items inll. 25—34.

38. Cf. l. 5and 61. a)149

- 5 1 .

40. Cf.note on61. (a1 5 2 .

42. cf. 74 . 56.

43. Trumpa( whichis the name ofampI'xaya(cf. apparently refers to thepreceding line and is notanother subdivisionof the royal withthe total omitted, for175; arourae was the wholeamount of the Input ; cf. 61. (a)1 58.

45 . The correct fractionis not 115 ; but cf. 61. (a)1 5 7and note.

48- 9. Cf. 61. (0) 163-

5 , (8)346 sqq.,and App. i . 5 10.

50. The total of theartabae is obtained by subtracting 1 73211, ( I. 49) from1 23305

(1. cf. 61. (a) 166and (6)25 2. In1. 97however the total of theartabae is givenas

106 14115 , or 16 inex cess. he difference is probably connected withthe omissionof

16artabae inthe rent due fromny v’

s cf. notes on1. 93and 61. (6)183and 25 2.

5 2-

4. Cf. 6 7 . 7 1 sqq. be re i u — eimc ias is incorrectand should be omitted ; forthis phrase, whichindicates that theartabaehadalready beenincluded inthe precedingtotal (cf. p. is out of placehere, where theartabae inl. 54areadded to those inl. 5 1 .

5 5 . Cf. 61. (8)249, 67 . 4,and p. 5 65 .

56—60. Cf. App. i. 7 and 61. (6) 9- 18. The rent of the inapflf'mis regularlyreckonedat its originalamount, 835artabae ; cf. 1. 99, 61. (6)£8121 , 7 2. 224.

62 . Cf. 61. 6 2—7 , where the frac tionis 4, not 3,and App. i. 6.

64. Cf. 61. bi 108,and App. i . 8 .

65 . Cf. 61. (8) 2 13- 46, where this section is under theheading iv M 679, notovyotploaand p. 5 73.68. Cf. 61. (8) 1 20.

69-

72. I t is noticeable that neither this reclamation fromthe land iv M 6” northat inll. 8 1- 5 , thoughelsewhere in this papyrus (cf. 11. 99—100)reckoned separately,

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180 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

because it yielded some profit ;hence the whole rent was subtracted,and the loss owing tothe land being letatareduced rate would be entered under theheading i vavyxpi c et.

91.’

Ax I-

yz. : cf. note on72. 97 , where 7' takes the place of and 61. (8)183, note.

92 . Cf. 61. (8) 200,where the total of theartabae is 9164,and 7 2. 1 18, where it is

9264,and note on72. 99- 1 20.

93. The writerhashere run two lines into one withdisastrous results fgrhisarithmetic. He shouldhave writtenx ex epo'evye

'

vrys 0138 97 5!

(IiprdfiaI)qOLU, iyfipdxov B lrpi iv(or some suchphrase) e ( Iip-ra'IBaI) IIOLO (cf. 61. (8) 202—3and 207 If themissing944artabae are added to the sums in 11. 91—3 the total is 26494artabae, and thismust be the figure intended in l. 95 thoughthe writerhas omitted xmeaning 600

as well as the symbol for 4. Adding 26494 to the 19764 in l. 89 we obtain462541} artabaeas the total for the rent of land i v M 6” . In 1. 96 ,however, thistotal is givenas 45931

55 ,anumber whichnaturally gave rise to difliculties when the

writer came in II. 98—100 toadd up the various items in order to obtain the total

of the 6004 003; cf. note on1. 10 1 . The additionof the arourae is nearly correct,

3844-3 (1. 89)added to 5 26-

115 (I. 95) giving 91 13

1, arourae, for whichthe papyrushas in 96 91 14. There seems, however, tohave been some special importanceattached to the figures 91 14arouraeand 4593 artabae, for theyhave been inserted

in 61. (6) 2 1 1 above the figu res first written (0 note 047 [OI The difl'erence therebetween the two sets of figures, 43 arourae and 1 771

5, artabae, clearly represents

the t poaflyye'vr; whichhere ( ll. 99—100) is reckoned separately at 43 arourae and16 11

5, artabae. The fact that theartabaeare 16 11

5, inthe one caseand 1 771

5, inthe

other is probably connected withthe omissionof 16artabae intheaccount of the dltyvpt'sin61. cf. notes onI. 50and 61. (6)1 83.

97- 100. Cf. App. i . § 4and 61. (6)248—5 1 . The totals under theheadings ivO'

Iryxpfoaand I‘

nroM yov are difl'

erent in that papyrus because themdptyoc assigned to cleruchs,whichin61 is partly included under the latterheading, partly formsaclass by itself,is in60all included under theheading iv ovyxpt'avt (cf. 11. 62and while the 117100177 iof 60. 99 is in61. (6)25 1 still included inthe M ayor ; cf. note on1. 93.

98 . For theangular signs callingattentionto the totals cf. 61. (0) 15 7—8, (6)249- 5 2,78 . 223

- 5 , 7 5 . 46—8 . The rent of the ( impyye'vov (the arable Baod ua‘; ya, cf. p. 561)ishere givenas 46424artabae ; cf. 1. 5 5 , where it is correctly statedas 4642115 . Thewriter,however, inhisadditiontreated the fractionhereas 4, not as is shownbyl. 101 cf. the nex tnote.

101 . The sumof the items inIL98- 100 ought tohavemade up the 2 166195aromasand 106 141

1, artabae of l. 97 . As amatter of fact theymake 2 166 } arourae and

(treating the fraction Of the 8119ni as 4) 10588 artabae, the figure of the arouraebeing thus 1

55 too large, that of theartabae 261

1, too small. Thathis figures were

wrong was realized by the writerhimself, who in l. 101 , whichwas inserted later,notes that the sumof thearourae was 115 toomuchand that of theartabae 26 too little ;cf. the similar remark ontheadditionof the items in61. (8) 25 2 . The error in thearourae ismerely the result of thehabitual carelessness withregard to fractions ;the deficiency ofartabae canbe traced to themiscalculations in connex ionwiththeland i v Ge cko” and the cf. notes on1. 93and 61. (6)2 5 2.

102—8 . On nardx cyoc «Mime cf. 61. (8) 253- 94, where, inaddition to Ptolemaeussonof M eniscus and Kollouthes sonof Horus foundhere, the xhijpos of Demetriusson of Heraclides is stated tohave become sardx tyos, and the total in l. 294 is

correspondingly larger than that in l. 108here.

104. Onthe dflf¢d vos paid by cleruchs see 61. (8)254, note.

106. Cf. 61. (8) 25 7 , 72. 246—58. The antecedent to in is apparentlym,

61. THE LAND S UR VE Y 181

and the following figures give its amount. But whether the 225 of gold meansdrachmae orartabae of wheat paid ingold (cf. the use of xahx ds in61. (8)67 , 67 . 66,arc.)is obscure.

109—16. Cf. ll. 75—89.

1 1 7—26. The writerhere beganamore detailedaccount of land i v I

’

nroM yIp,arrangedaccording to the usual c lassificationof fyflpoxos, dkyvpis, &c., andmentioning the yearsin whichthe individual pieces of land became unproductive ; cf. 74, 7 5 , and 61. (6)1 10 sqq., whichis stillmore elaborate,and App. i. 9.

1 18- 24. Cf. 61. (6) I 16- 20. The IrpommI i rq is not there deducted ; cf. note onll . 69—72 .

1 25- 6. Cf. 61. (8)1 2 1 -

3 1 .

61. REPORT ON THE CROPS AT KERKEOSIR IS.

redo. (a)29 x 149, (b)29 x 272 cm. 1 18- 7 .

This important document, whichnex t to the R evenue Papyrus is the largestPtolemaic tex t thathas been d iscovered, contains anelaborate report , drawnup in the s3rd year of E uergetes I I , on the land of Kerkeosiris and thecrops sownupon it,and gives ingreat detail the facts briefly summarized in60 ; cf. pp . 538

-

9.

Of the sevenparts into whichthese reports were d ivided , the first,al istofholders of land i v do8minthe 5 2nd year,has lost the firsthalf, whichgaveanaccount of the lepd yfiand of the cleruchs whose tenure dated fromthereigns before that of E uergetes I I ; but the secondhalf (61. (0)1- 148)has butfew lacunae,and the loss of the beginning canbemade good not only from62 and 68 , whichgive the essential informationsomewhatmore briefly, butfrom64 , whichwasalong report simi lar to the present documentand of whichthe earlier portionis toaconsiderable ex tent preserved.

The second part (a. 149 giving the totals of the c lasses of land otherthan temple and c leruchic , is practical ly perfect ; the third , containing thedetails of the crops for the 53rd year sownuponfiao' IAI II I‘; yr“) (0. 159 is

somewhatmutilatedandhas lost the end, but themissing portions canalmostall be restored from67 ,aseparate enumerationof the crops of the fiamk tkhyijinthe 53rd year. Probably only one columnis lost betweenthe end of 61. (a)and the beginning of 61. (b); and the fourthsection, whichdeals withthe variousdeductions fromthe total rents due fromthe Crown lands 1 is

on the whole very wel l preserved ,and acomparisonwith64 . (b)or 72, bothof whichdocuments correspond to 61. (b) but were written in later years,generally supplies the necessary restorations of the lacunae. The fifthsection

82 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

(a. 253 concerned with onwhichfor various reasons the Crownhad al ien, is imperfect ; the six th( l l. 299 dealing withvarious receipts

of tax es and payments for seed, presents few difficu lties. The last section

(11. 346 of whichthe subject is land iv Jamai ca, ismuchmutilated ,and

breaks off shortly before the end . M ost of the lacunaehowever,as wellasthemissing column, whichwas probably the last of the whole document, canbe supp l ied from7 2.

Out ofatotalofabout thirty- three columns there thus remaintwenty- four in

good or fair cond ition. Thehandwriting isafine semi- uncial,and is the sameasthat of 64 . A curious feature whichis first traceable inCol. i i and becomesmoremarked in61. (b) is the practice of filling up blank spaces either intheupper or lowermargins of the columns or betweenparagraphs withmeaninglessrepetitions of words,many of whichhave again been erased . The G reek ,as usual in the documents emanating fromM enches’

ofl‘i ce, is sl ipshod,andthe constructionof the longer sentences is oftenvery diflicult. Onthe generaltenour of this class of documentsand themeaning of the chief technical termssee App. i .

The versohas beenused foranumber of documents indifferenthands,most of whichhave no connex ioneither witheachother or withthe recto.

Among these are, besides some private accounts, alease translated fromdemotic by avery uneducated scribe anofli c ial document followed by

ashort letter to the EevI IIGv Tpdxmp and acontract of whichthe protocol is complete but the restmuti lated. This begins fiaodtrvévmvKkeorrérpas fleas E I’Iepi -

IOos Ital “1’e w ToG imxahovyivov ’

A)te£dv8pov flet Aoynrdpwv 201115p i¢

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IToheyafov TOG i T I xao y ivov’

A)Ie£8v0pov Ital T8vM y 1101v TI“ ypadroyi vmv iv ’

A)I e£av8pefat yq s <I>ayev810 iv HTe yafbtE I

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Apowoefrov, showing that Ptolemy A lexander, like Soter I I(cf. P. Grenf. I . 25 . I I . became priest at A lexandriaof the deified

Ptolemies includinghimself. All these are on the verso of (a). The verso

of (8) contains some long privateaccounts (119)and several other documentsincluding one or two contracts, or parts of contracts ; but since owing to theterribly brittle conditionof the papyrus it is impossible to detachthat partof (8)where it ismost damaged fromthe c lothto whichthe verso is gummedwithout risk of breaking it to pieces, wehave preferred to leave part of theversounexamined . There isalsoashort report fromM enches (16 7)whichbegins‘l

'apd M eyx efovs xwyoyp(ayyariws)Kepx eooflpews). i O'

TIv T8 8[ yevioflatmdThv Itar [8] yewompfav)TOGaGToGa(i rons)Itafl' Gv T errofnyeflai v“Armin“i -r i ToGmp(roG) Lastlymay bementioned abrief order (16 6)for payment of ajar of wine, beginning Albvyos Xatprjowvt) xaf(petv). 88(s)

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1- 8. This sectionconcerns the land of Heliodorus sonof M enodorus, a1161011101

whohad receivedhis grant in the reign of E uergetes I I ,having been placed in the1161011101 11111121 by Criton in the 37thyear (62. r Originallyhe was nominallyaéxarovra'poupoc like the other Kpm'mm(cf. 15 2 and p. but there is no evidencethathe ever really ownedmore than the 50arourae whichareattributed tohimhere.Of these 10had beenmade over to Athenionsonof Archias before 62 was drawnup,leavinghimwith40 for the 5 2nd year ; cf. 62. 132and 134. Inthe 5 2nd yearaccordingto ll. 7—8 these 40arourae were takenawayand givento Leptines sonof StratonicusandMaron son of Dionysius, who received 25 and 1 5 arourae respectively. The causeof this transfer is stated in ll. x l—z (cf. ll. 32—3) to be the fact that the '

new c leruchshad paid the demanded fromthe previousowners, whowere thereupondispossessed.On the 111

-{M payable by cleruchs on promotion fromthe lower grades to that of161mand no doubt onother occasions cf. note on61. (b)254. The tax was not paidinfullat once, but in irregular instalments, whichmayaccount for the fact that failure topay the required sumdid not lead to immediate confiscation, but theholdings (cf. 64 . (b)6,7 2. 246) becamem6x 1po1 and were liable to be gradually diminished until the finalbcépomm(l. whencontinued non-

payment led to the loss of theholdingaltogether.9. v6 (8m): in l. 7 the transfer was said tohave beenmade in the srst year,

but 64 . (a) 100alsohas 11B,and theattributionof the 40arourae of Heliodorus tohimin 62 swports the view that the change was reallymade in the 5 2nd year ; cf. also84 . 1 87 , where in the survey list of probably the 531d year Heliodorus is still creditedwith40arourae.

x x . Cf. note on 11. r—8. The upq pappe'mare Heliodorus son of M enodorus

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192 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

the reignof Philometor, is included inthe reignof Euergetes for special reasons (note onll. 47 and there isacertainerror in l. 140andaprobable one in l. 42, so thatwhat wasactually writtenhere is uncertain. The total of the cleruchic land is giveninl. 1 58as 15643; arourae, whichis 10 too small ; cf. p. 5 53.

147 . Fromthis point up to l. 166 the papyrus corresponds to 60. 35—50, whichdeals withthe same year.

r49—5 r. For the f1

‘

t withinthe village enclosure cf. 60. 5 and 38—9. Fromthe latter passage itappears that they were intended tobe planted withvegetables.

1 5 2 . Here,as in60. 40, 20arourae of the land of Suchusare said tobe 1107188118 01,but inl. 15 8,where theabbreviationis clearly 8p( and not 1m( and in 64 . (a) 2 thesame land is calledanarm“ . Onthe distinctionbetween81111186 1119and 8 07168118 01 see

Rev. Laws, p. 94. The fact that they were so frequently coupled together for taxationpurposes ex plains the confusion.

1 54. Cf. 60. 4r-

3and App. i . r.

15 7. The correctionof the total of the ups 76 is due to the fact that in thiscomputationthe 11117168118 01 (01,as theyare called in l. r58, cf. note on1. 1 5 2)formasepW e item,and therefore if the 20arourae of 8 81188118 01 owned by the templeof Suchus werealso included inthe total of the lepa71) they would be counted twice over.The total in l. 156, 2272115 arcatao (taking the revised figure of the lep8 is right to31; ofanarcure, the correct total being as inl. 158.

159- 60. Theareaof the Banana; is obtained by subtracting

the wholeareaof the village, 4700arourae ( l. whichleaves arourae. Thetotal of theartabae in l. 160, 1 23303 (corrected from is the sumof 1 73213, inl. 165and 105981

1, inl. roo. The latter figurehasalso beencorrected, probably from

10614115 ; cf. 60. 97and 61. (6)248, 25 2, notes. Onthehypothetical character of these

figures see App. i . 4.

16 1. The sumof theartabae in this line, 75645artabae for rents paid inwheat4» 42961

1, for rents paid inbarley 3261

3,for rents paid inolyra, is 1 2 186-3artabae,

falling short of ” 3303, the number in l. 160, by 1433artabae. This deficiency is duetothe omissionby the writer of the rents paid incoppermoneyand converted intowheat(cf. p. Of these 1435artabae 3915,areaccounted foras the balance of the rentsuponx kopdafier those whichwereadded to the receipts inwheathad beensubtractedfromthe total receipts for the xkopé (cf. 1. 2 18and 6 7 . 49 133artabaeare undertheheading 8 8 717118 11 (61. (b) and 873are under theheading 111 611-(M W (61. (b)

163- 5 . The details are givenat the end of 61. (b), ll. 346 sqq. ; cf. 101x111

inl. 165 . Onthemeaning of this obscure category see App. i 10.

166. Cf. note on11. 1 59- 60and notes on61. (b)248and 25 2 .

167. The total of the wheat, 583rfi artabae, is obtained by subtracting the wholeamount of rent due fromland 18 emu -68 11

,1 7321

1,artabae ( l. r fromthe total of the

wheat in l. 161 , 75645artabae. The correct fraction is 175 , notH. Theamounts of

rents paid inbarleyand olyraare the sameas in l. 161 ,and the itemfor those paidinmoney is omitted,as there.

168 . At this point begins theaccount of the five classes intowhichthe totals inl. 160of the Crown landsand its rents are subdivided aftermaking the deductions for land811 11118 188 11 118 1 8110X07 18 11§1 ( ll. 163- 6 ; cf. App. i. The first section, dealing withthe land under cultivation in the 5grd year (cf. App. i. 5 occupies the rest of (a);and the lacunae init canbe supplemented fromtheannual reports of crops (se andinparticular from67 whichcovers the same year. As in67 , theaccount of the 5 3rd yearin61. (a)is preceded byashort statement of the totals for the 5 2nd (ll. 168- 7

169—78. The sums in l. 169 added to those in l. 1 77make the totals in l. 1 78 ,

61. (at). THE LA ND SURVEY 193

whichagree withthe corresponding totals for the 5 z ud year in8 7 . 5 . Theyalso coincidewiththe figures for the 53rd year found in60. 5 5 , 81. (b) 249and in the yev ds i fswam: (cf. 8 7 . 5 , note,and p. 560) in8 7 . 66. The sumof theartabaeabe? drratn'

ioflatin the 5 3rd year (8 7 . 69) is slightlyhigher, 4658115 , but probably was rightcf. p. 5 65 .

Thoughthere is space enoughfor 6 linesafter 1. 169, judging by the lengthof the precedingand succeeding columns, it is very doubtful whethermore thanoneor two, ifany, linesare really lost ; cf. 80. 5 1—2 with11. 169and 1 76.

1 77 . dmatoyov : the rent of land left unsown throughcarelessness is regularlyadded to the receipts fromthe e’

ovrappe'm, implying that the rent was actually paid. It

was notadded to the M ayor, of whichthe rents were indeed put downandaccountedforas if they were really paid, but whichproduced noactual revenue ; of. p. 540.

182. Fromthis point up to the end of the nex t column the papyrus correspondsto 8 7 . 9 sqq.

, thoughthe figures of the wheatand barleyare therearranged differently(cf. p. probably because the two documents were drawnupat different times ; of.p. 565. For themeaning of the various technical terms in this sectionsee notes on8 7 ,and of. App. i. 4

- 5 .

The sumof theartabae, 26983, is obtained by subtracting 9033 in l. 193 from36023 in l. 194. Theadditionof the individual itemsas they stand in11. 182- 5 gives

2698 or 11, toomuch. The corresponding figures in 67 . 5 are 5 763arourae and

2567 artabae.

183. 3693arouraeatarent of 4fi artabae give 18 1833artabae the inconvenientfractionis treatedas 155 .

1 85 . pt t 8’has beenomitted .

190. 9233 is correctly obtained by subtracting 45 for owe'

ppara( l. 188) from9683in l. 187 . The number in l. 193 ought to correspond to this (cf. e. g. 70. 20andbut is 20 short,and the sumof the items inII. 1 90

- 2 is 9033, not 9233. Moreover

9033 is required tomake the figures in l. 194 right, since theyare the sumof 9033and 26983 inl. 182. E ither the 9233or the 9033must therefore be wrong. 67 . 1 5 sqq.

gives nohelp, for the figuresare different.191

-

3. Cf. 67 . 22-

5 .

195 . The corresponding figures for the barley in 67 . 28 are 1 783 arourae and5873artabae, but nothing is there subtracted as is the casehere in 11. 198

—9, wherethe barley is reduced from6393 to 500artabae ; cf. 6 7 . 1 5 , note,and pp. 565—6 .

196. 483arourae at 4fi make 2391-3artabae ; but the sumrequired to pro

duce the 6393 artabae in l. 195 is (assuming the other figures in ll. 196—s7 to

be correct, as theyappear to be) 2403artabae, whichseems to be the reading of thepapyrus.

199. The ratioof wheat tobarley is 5 :3as usual ; cf. note on61. (6)258.

200-

4. Theaccount of the lentilsagrees verbally with67 . 33- 8 .

205 . The totals of the arourae are obtained by adding together the results ofll. 182, 195 and 200, and those of the artabae by adding the results of 11. 194, 199and 201 . In67 . 40 the number of thearourae is the sameashere, that of theartabae,46 183, slightly larger.

206- 2 1 . This passage coincides with8 7 . 41- 6 1 .

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’marrio'

u, whichbreaks off in61. (5)before

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194 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

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(8117 839 1)

2- 8 .

‘Amongst thoseabout whomdirectionshave beengiventhat one year’s rent bedemanded of them, whowere returnedashaving obtainedarable land instead of the dryland whichthey were ordered to receive,and regarding whomArchibius the dioecetesatthe revisionof the survey of the crops for the 47thyearmadeaminute to the effect that onreceipt of one year’s rent they should be relieved fromfurther charges, is N ektenibis sonof Horus

, one of those whohave beentransferred fromthe desert police to the positionof catoecus (and we do not enter Ptolemaeus sonof Horus as liable); roarourae,49} artabae.

’

2- 7 . Onthis sectioncf. 11. 2 14- 45 , 66 . 82 sqq.,and App. i . 6. The case of Nek

tenibis differed fromthat of the personsmentioned in11. 2 14—45 becausehe was required

to pay one year’

s rent, while they were not. In1. 1149 (cf. 7 2. 223)his land is enteredderaseparateheadingas [80 11011811010] 9 (87 0119)811416111011 : cf. 60. 62, where it is placed

811mxp1'08 1.[1rpo]0

-17yp8

'

119 11 : cf. 60. 69, note.

4. cf. 11. 225 , 367 , &c. The dioecetesafter examining the reportsof the komogrammateusand deciding onthe proper procedure sent back instructions to

localauthorities. His decisions were called 1mpm1ypa¢al because they were writteninthe reports.

raficflbx érmv 819 7 1111 119 7 011119 11 : Cf. 82.

list of 11871po1'

1'

x 01 for the srst year (62. 97)N ektenibis is enteredas owner of10arourae of land whichhad become catoecic inthe 34thyear of Philometor. Intheandyear of the nex t reign(68 . 80)this land was owned by Ptolemaeus sonof Apollonius, whohad succeeded N ektenibis in the sand year probably. The one year’

s rent demandedonaccount of the landhaving been 01161111101 whenoriginally granted was due fromN ektenibis the previous owner (cf. 66 . 82 and therefore Ptolemaeus was not enteredas being concerned withit, thoughhehad become the owner of the land.

P

2 10 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

the proper ex pansionof theabbreviationis not quite certain. For theuse of the first person in this papyrus cf. 11. 44, 384, &c. ; probably the komogrammateuswasmeant (of. p.

0

M this rent is calculatedat the commonest rate of artabae for thearoura, whichwas the rent of this land before it became cleruchic.

9- 18 . Concerning the land of whichthe revenuehas beensetaside, whichwas sown

by the cultivators of Ptolemaeus sonof Philinus,about whichthe komogrammateus writesthat in the 4othyear it was removed fromthe class of unproductive landand broughtunder cultivation,and regarding whichthe komogrammateus reports that the land underthe terms of the leasesmade withthe cultivators,and until the present time wehave beeninthehabit of setting downtheappointed rents,and whichwas removed (fromthe class ofprofitable land) inthe sothyear because ithad become salt, the komogrammateus writesthat for the 53rd year ithas beenleased to Petosiris sonof N eoptolemusand Petesokonsonof Cephalonand Horus sonofOrses withoutagrant of seedatarent of oneartabatothearoura; 1 6} artabae, the crop being 10arourae of wheat, 2 of barley ofwhichthe rentis paid inwheat, 41, of fenugreek, paid inwheat.’

9. Onthe general questionof the x exwpw pc’m see App. i. 7 ; and for the

restorationof the lacunae cf. 6 7 . 90—8and 7 6—8 .

1 1 . i . e.makesan6110804601161 ; cf. 1. 195 . There is no questionofan6110807 111 ineither of these passages.

14. [fly 611-011010810601 6116 88pvp1'809 : thismust be equivalent to the statement in66 .

I I—2 71188181 6 x enoypammn‘

n7 871011811111 811 13170867011 88pvpi81, and inorder to obtain thismeaning 6118 68111111180:mustmeannot fromthe salt land,’ but onaccount of saltness

(cf. Biod. ii i. 6118mapipov being supplied with611-19 1101116 009 1. But the naturalmeaningof 6116after 611mvmpe‘

1‘

0601 is frominthe sense of ‘subtracting from’

(cf. IL 2 2 1 , 244,and we suspect that the writerhas confused twophrases suchas 6wam1pe200m6118mpt'povand 7 108009 1 819 88111111189 .

1 7 . 800 8p11 {0} 1: cf. 1. 307, where 1)8017 811112 is contrasted With7 8 x 0pm68'117 9«I: 7 811 0176po11mréppara. In this present case the cultivators did not receive fromthegovernment the customary grant of oneartabaof seed- comto thearoura. InP. Brit.

M us. 314, P. Amb. I I . 90and 91, the word is tobe interpreted inthe same way ; the lesseeis required topay the spec ified rent without receivingagrant of seed-comfromthe lessor.The Opposite of 6011

-8018,as Wilckenhas pointed out (A 7 111111, I . p. is 01111méppam;

cf. B. G . U. 644and note on11. 313—6 . E xamples of bothkinds of leasesare found inthepresent volume ; cf. 105 . 18and 108 . 4.

6v(6)a113 thoughthe land brought innothing inthe 5 2nd yearandonly 16}artabaeinthe 53rd, it was credited inthe summing-up in1. 25° withproducing 833artabae, whichwas the rent originally imposed upon it (cf. 1. 13 péx pc 88 «11167 011 7 10811811 7 6 611-{q 011148111061-021 6mm). The number 831, thoughlost inl. 250, ismade certainby theari thmeticand by 7 2. 1124 ; cf. 60. 99, wherealso the rent is reckonedas 831} artabae, thoughithadbeenex pressly stated in11. 56—60 that theactual rent was 16} artabaeafter the landreclaimed.

19. At this point begins asection concerning land 81 o-v-yxpc'

ou , on whichseeApp. i. 5 8 ; ll. 19—44 constituteaheading, the details being given inll. 45—rog. For

part of this sectionacomparisonwith7 2 isavai lable, thoughthe arrangement inthatpapyrus of the portion dealing withland 61 007 11010 11 is somewhat difl'

erent. Cf.also60. 6 1- 6.

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2 12 TE B TUN IS PA PYR I

argument of the dioecetes, whichmay be put brieflyas follows The decree said thatall”

were liable for service, butany one wi thagrainof sense wouldhave seenthat theex pression all includes the 8117 671007101 péx tpm, 81101-88111 1431 lxovq

‘

i 1192{ tn-

W6, &c thoughtheyare obviously unsuitable for work inthe fields. Therefore youmust not force theseclasses towork ; but only those whoareable todoso. Youarehowever to commandeerthe 191111 of everybody without distinction, whether they themselvesare liable to service

or not.’

The object of the letter is to show that the interpretationput uponthe decreesummoning all ’

was wrong ,and that there were certain classes who obviously were 1101

liable tobe called uponfor work uponthe Crownlands. Nor dowe think that the service(611111110616, cf. note on5 . 59)whichwas requiredmade the performers of it necessarilylessees of the state. Every one was legally required tohelp inthe yw pyiato the ex tent ofsupplying cattle,and the officialsaddressed by the dioeceteshad tried tomake every onework inthe fields. But no set of officials wouldhave beenso foolishas to try tomakeevery onealessee of Crownland.

The conclusionwhichwe should draw fromP. Par. 63 (whichit should be rememberedis clearly concerned withanex ceptional crisis)is that onrare occasions the governmentforced certainclasses (the papyrus tells us who they were not, but not who they were)tohelp in the 7 8071719 89 01811113, but that no inference canbe drawnfromitas to theprocedure for obtaining 800 1811101rmpyoc’ innormal times.

7019 68011 : this is equivalent to680 1 cf. Dem. p. 239and l. 324,hote.

34. 1 116118811001 : the énompafowéw inthe 48thyear ; cf. 1. 263, 61. (a) 24,andP. Cairo 1037 1 . 1 A rchiv, I . p.

35 . The sign or 67100011 occurs inthe leftmarginhereand opposite ll. 40—3.

37. Cf. 7 2. 448 769 17p0‘

y;19 7 81108 1'

0 179 0 17 11169 819 7 711141139 8172 E lpqvaiov 8y807 10'

7 08, from

whichwemay conjecture that Partheniushere wasalso611807 107 139. Buthemay equallywell be the strategusmentioned in101. 2 .

38 . 1187 8 7 8 0 8p17 1116118 11011 is opposed to811 7 0711 {1170861011 in7 2. 454

—6.

44. [8147 11800 2 se. 811 7 019 7 08 810111177 08 011'

y11p101700p8'

11019 ; cf. 1. 19.

45—88. A list of persons to whomlandshad been leased by officialsatareduced

rent. The oldareaand original rentare first given, followed by the new rents whichhadcontinued up to the date of the papyrus,and the difference between the two is thencalculated, being the loss to the government ; cf. p. 5 7 1 .

45—5 1 . Of land leased in the period up to the 39thyear by previous epimeletae,

including that leased inthe 34thyear by Phanias whowas then strategusand overseerof the revenues toSarapionsonofApollonius 20arourae, whichwere leasedat 415artabaeto theatours ,making 993Lartabae, instead of whichthe rent is 10 artabae,makingwiththeadditionto its revenue inthe 4sthyear, consisting of 443artabae,atotalof 5 43artabae. The difi'

erence is 443artabae. The crop is wheat : dividedamong the severalcultivators.

’

45 . Cf. 7 2. 185 - 2 16, where the same three sets of lessees whoaccording to11. 45 - 69received their landat reduced rents occur in the list of land 81 8170867 41, notashere inthe land 811mryxpt'aa. The circumstances whichproduced this changeare connectedwiththeattempt of the dioecetes in the 5 4thwhichthe rst year to restore the rentsto the levelat whichthey stood before the reductions weremade ; cf. 7 2. 1 85 , note. Lines46

—5 1 refer to the land leased by Phanias.

46. 88 (87 9 ) the reignis that of E uergetes II ,and since the rule inthe lists giveninForadetailed examinationofthi spapyrus see the introd.of the forthcoming third volumeof thePetrie

61. THE LAND SURVEY 2 13

this papyrus (e. g. II. 149 sqq.)is for the chronology toproceed backwards, the 3rst yearin l. 5 7 would seemto be earlier than the 29thinl. 5 2 , i. e. to belong to Philometor.But in 72. 205- 1 5 the order of the three entries is different, that dated in the 3rst yearpreceding the entry dated in the 29thyear instead of following it,ashere. Moreover theyearsmentioned inll. 70 sqq. are definitely stated to refer toPhilometor (8111 7 06 68886106,1. The 3rst year in l. 5 7 thereforealso belongs to Euergetes,and the epimeletesPtolemaeus inl. 5 7 is identical withthe epimeletes inl. 359.

00111011 : cf. 1. 362and 7 2. 359, wherehehas the same titlesashere (withtheadditioninl. 362 of 811 1770817 019 and 7 2. 205 , wherehe is calledmpapx 7'70a117 09. As waspointed out by G renfell (Rev. Laws, p. the nomarchs were originally not chiefs of the‘ nome ’

but chiefs of the ‘ distribution’

of crops,and inthe third century B.c.atany ratenot only were there severalof theminthe Arsinoite nome, but theyhad nothing todowiththe 01119 7 177 01, who were their oflicial superiors (Rev. Laws x x x vii. 2 In the secondcentury the post of nomarchis oftencombined withthat of strategus, justas thatof 8171 raw 17p00680111 was (cf. note on5 . 88) but it is very doubtful whether evenso thenomarchever came tomean chief of the nome,’ ashas beengenerally supposed. Inthe instances where the nomarchismentioned inRoman timeshe is concerned withthe administrationof the royal revenues invarious ways ; but the ex planation ofhisex ercise of these functions is tobe looked for inthe positionof the nomarchinthe earlierPtolemaic period, whenhe was one of the chief revenue ofii cials, being concerned withtheimportant duty of lookinafter the crops, especially those of the 1800 181111)76.

49. rrpooqyp8'

w v Mai 017 ]6p011 : cf. 1. 65 . 01767001 ishere used loosely for the revenuederived fromthe crops, the corresponding passage in72. 2 1 7- 8having 1700017771810» 7 019

611-9 11170171012. There the several items of the gains by increased rents, instead of being sub

tractedashere (cf. 49, 54, 64)fromthe individual rents,are subtracted en6101: fromthe 816111071011, whichis thereby reduced by onehalf, since the gains by increases ineachcaseamounted to onehalf of the deficiency betweenthe originaland the reduced rents.64 . (6)2agrees with7 2,and inbothpapyri part of the increase is stated tohave takenplace in the and year of the nex t reign, whichseems to beawrong statement, sincethe 81616071011 is the sameas in61.

50. 818 7 6111 119 7 8 7187109 7 8017176111, withor without 8y 8101p8'0 8019, isageneral phrase used toavoid the trouble of reciting the names ofall the cultivators and the severalamountsassigned toeachcf. ll. 68, 7 7 , 85 , &c.

5 2—6. Hermogenes owned 2 5arourae whichhad originally brought in371} artabae,i . e. the rent was 11} artabae onthearoura. Inthe 29thyear (of Euergetes I I , cf. noteon1. 46)the land was leased tohimatarent of 1} artabato thearourafor to years,andat 1 artabato thearourafromthe 3gib year onwards. In

‘

the 5 3rd year, therefore,the landwas bringing in25artabae instead of 375, i . 0. there wasadeficiency of 1 23artabae.

But fromthis deficiencyhas to be subtracted the gainfroman increase of rent inthe47thyear whichyielded 6} artabae, leaving the net deficiencyat 6} artabae. The word60108181011 (cf. note on5 . 59)was put inlater tofill up the blank space, like the numerousother insertions in this document ; cf. 8 . g. l. 100. On the questionwhere the rentswhichformthe basis of the 81691009areaccounted for see p. 5 7 1 .

5 7 . 89 (Im): the figures, thoughonly faintly discerniblehere,aremade certainby 7 2.

208. Thereare vestiges of twoor three letters, perhaps erased,after 7 8017178111.59. this word isalso found in121. 76and inamutilated petition

where the 0607 69 inquestionisa800 18 11181 7 8071769ashere.63. 7 6111 SC. 8110107110111.65 . Thoughit is oftendiflicult to distinguishbetweenthe symbols used foraroura

2 14 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

andartaba, in this papyrus theyare quite difi'

erent inform. Thearithmetic shows that(apovpac)here isamistake onthe part of the writer for (dpnifiat); cf. 7 5 . 34, note.

69. og’

: this is the sumof the bra’cpopain11. 50, 56,and 67 ; 44§+ 6i + 1911, 705

cf. 64. (6)2and 7 2. 2 19.

74. at Kerkeosiris there were two { <5o holding caliper of 24arourae eachcf. 62. 15 2—6. The reference to this piece of land shows that confiscated d ip“ were

treated inthe same wayas the other Baadtua)76.76. The 1 51}arouraeand 74} artabaeare the sums of the 2arourae 93artabae of

11. 7 2—3,and the 1 3} arourae 6415,artabae of l. 75 .

M I »a: the rent was reduced from441-5 to 1artabaonthearoura.79. or parmpc’w v : cf. 5 . 168

,note.

ovylykn'mr iotmrm'lwv lam-(av : Cf. 82. 9, note.

80. typaw : the subject is probably 6 xopoypappméc ; cf. ll. 10and 26 1 . The scribeseems tohave first writtencypasanabbreviation,and thenadded the termination.

85—6. The total ofaupainl. 88 shows that the writeraccidentally omitted the 1} in

l. 86, and theaddition7 1fi + 64 10 1563 proves that the insertionof p inthequantity of wheat inl. 85 wasamistake.

87- 8 . The total deficiency ismade upas follows —artabae : 703 (l. 59} l.

1 561-5 (1. 84) 286g; wheat : 703 (l. 59} (l. 7 115, (l. 85) zoo-3 (l. 88 The

other itemsare the sameas in11. 85 - 6 ; but the writer seems tohave forgottenthat inl. 67twoof theartabae belonging tothe 703artabae were paid incOpper.

89—109. This sectiondeals withland leased by offic ials 5m(WM -rsatareduced

rent ; cf. 72. 5 3—79. Owing to the ex tremely poor quality of the land (cf. 72. 13

—6)there was no fix ed charge continuing fromyear to year, but eachyear it‘ inproportionto its value ( i t n} : deter). Thereare three subdivisions of whichthe first

(11. 89—96) consisted of 40arourae of land that were reclaimed in the a9thyear ofEuergetes I I fromthe conditionof Zq oxoc or waterlogged land,and whichhad got intothis condition in the 32nd year of Philometor. Onthe occasionofavisit of the komogrammateis toAlexandriain the 29thyear theattentionof the dioecetes (cf. 7 8 . 36- 8)was,as the result ofan inspection, called to the ex istence of this land,and it was letflawmasses ». Its previous rent, before it became fpfipoxoc,had beenat the rate of4 artabae to thearoura, yieldingatotal rent of 196gartabae,and the reduced rent,rec oning subsequent increases, was in the 5 2nd year 23»artabae to thearoura. Thetotal yield of these 40arourae was therefore 100artabae,and the difi'

erence 96gartabae.

The second subdivision (ll. 97—101) consisted of 8 1 arourae whichseem, like the40arourae previouslymentioned, tohave beenreclaimed fromthe land whichbecame2,13minthe 32nd year of Philometor ; butattentionwas called tothemafter the returnof the komogrammateis fromAlexandria. The land was being leased inthe scud yearat the rent of 1artabato thearoura, which, since its ori ginal renthad been artabaeto thearoura, involvedadeficiency of 32 115,artabae.

The third subdivision (ll. 102—106) consisting of 69;arourae was reclaimed inthea5thyear (of Euergetes I I probably)fromthe e

’

w k M ayor, whichis nodoubtto be connected withthe M ayor 64mmwas. of 60. 7 cf. p. 540 . Its originalrent yielded 343§artabae, instead of whichin the 5 3rd year it brought in 2 25 , leavingadeficiency of 1 18 artabae.

'

100. c x has in the original been inserted immediately beneaththe figuresrmy t

105 . rpyg'

: inorder tomake the subtractioncorrect this number should be read rpyfl'as in7 2. 64. Inany case themultiplicationis wrong.

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TBE TUNIS PAPYRI

sonof Philinus (cf. 66 . 4 sqq. The other 16} arouraehad like the 6 1} become saltin the 5othyear, but were taenout of the inniho‘

yov for the 53rd yearand leasedatareduced rent ; cf. 11. 9 sqq.

137. [p (fret): Cf. 7 4 . 48 .

1 39. The reading of the number ofartabae of wheat is doubtful. As nearlyas canbe determined the calculationsare theseripovpm. cipflifiat. 1rvpofi. xptdfis. dhupar. xahxoi i.

dxpvpt’

boc. l. 130. 6 1 } 290} 2} 270 15 3}1. 1 33. 9} 45 1413: 301

52

1. 135 . 76152 81

15 608 n

L 137 99oi 00135 664%Total. 1. 141 . 141 1 -

152 325

-3 102515, 461

51, 133

The totalnumber ofartabae is confirmed by 60. 73.

143- 6. Details of land whichhad become dry. MB

'

in l. 143, inl. 144and ptg’

inl. 145are from64 . (b). The totals of thearouraeandartabae inl. 146are derived from60. 74 ; theyare the sums of the details giveninll. 1 14 , 143and 1 44.

The other restorations of figuresare based onthearithmetic. In1. 148 the total of thexax x oais 15 1

1,artabae,and since 13%artabaeareaccounted for inl. 142 , 1 } artabaemust

belong to the x e'prros. The totalof theartabae is 274} (l. and since 1} artabae cameunder theheading xahxoi} , 2 73} came under theheadingmpofi. Of the three itemsunder thehead of w poi) twoare known, 1 19} artabae in l. 1 14 and 44; inl. 143.

Deducting these two fromthe total 273} we obtain 10915, as the figure of thempon‘}

lost inl. 145 . This is confirmed by the additionof thempoi) in l. 148 ; of. l. 147,note. Nex t withregard to the items of the xahxofi, 3artabain l. 1 45 is obtained bysubtracting 1091

55from therefore the remaining 1}artabanecessary tomake up the

1} artabae of the xaltx oi} occurred inl. 143. Adding this to the 443artabae u peaweobtain45 } as the sumof theartabae inl. 143. The rate of the rent was not given, butwould differ from411, artabae to thearouraby only 1 81: We thus obtainthe following

1. 1 14. 24 1 19} 1 19}l 143 I 11

15 4sé 44§

l. 144. 2 1 } 1 10} 109 3Total. 1. 146. 5 613 2 74} 273} 1 }

144. x ex [ of x ex cpoevp e'ms is found inthe corresponding passage of 64 .

147 . The totalamount of land whichhad become a?» 131:o between the 4othand the 5 2nd year isobtained byadditionof the itemsalready given. Inthe correspondingpassage of 64 . (6)it is introduced by the words yivomu 7 05 61rdms 41 (from); in60. 7 5the formused is yt'vowat for? fms f or? ”6 (From).

dpovpat . a’p-rciBat. 2rvpoi5. x ptdfir. dhupar. xahxoii.e’

yfipdx ov. l. 1 20. 102 45 1g 409 423dkpvptbor. l. 14 1 . 2683

?14 1 1

-

155 325 } 10251

5, 461

5,

x c’

po-ov. l. 146. 5 643 273}Total. 1. 148. 42 71} 2 1371

7,

1008 106811, 461

5,

149. At this point begin the details of land whichhad been placed i t 15m

61. THE LAND SURVEY

in the period up to the end of the 39thyear, the first section(11. 149- 84)dealing withdkpvpc

'

c. The starting -

point is the 25 thyear (of Euergetes) whichthe 36th(ofPhilometor), and the dates proceed backwards as far as the 14thyear (1. Thenin l. 1 73 the writer returns for some unex plained reason to the 31st year and againgoes backwards, reaching the 13thinl. 18 2. Thementions of the 14th(1. 16th(1. and 13thyears (1. 182)are curious, for Philometor’

s 1 2th—18thyearswere occupiedby the period of joint rule, whichbeganafreshregnal series (cf. 1. 195 , the 1 2thwhichthe rst year,and P. Par. 63. andapapyrus writteninEuergetes I I ’

s reignis the lastplace where we should ex pect to find the period of the joint ruleascribed toPhilometor.This conclusion,however, canonly beavoided by referring the 14th, 16th,and 1 3thyearsto some king earlier thanPhilometor,and to this thereare great objections. Apart fromthese three cases the questionofassigning yearsmentioned inthe sections dealing withland 6 hold-y? to earlier reigns thanPhilometor’

s does notarise. The earliest certaindate init is the 1athyear of Philometor,whichwas the first of the joint rule ; and since thiswasalso the starting-

point of Euergetes I I’

s regnal years, it isavery natural beginning forapapyrus written inhis reign, especiallyasageneral valuationof Crownlands seemstohave beenmade inthat year (note on1. The land that became {mate-yo: beforethe 1 2thyear of Philometor is dealt within the section concerning land c

’

v {mar tianmt { r dmhoywpq'i ; cf. 11. 4 19, note,and App. i . 10.

1 60- 73. Cf. 7 2. 7 1 sqq.,fromwhichseveral of the lacunaehave been partially

restored. The corresponding sectionof 64 . whichex ists inamutilated condition,hasfurnishedafew supplements.

162 . 18 isamistake form,as is shownby thearithmetic cf. 7 2. 73.

168. Cf. note on7 2. 80.

1 70. Kr 7 2. 82has TBtpr'ycrems. The slight vestiges of the letter following 7hereare consistent withB, but the combinationof the three consonantsmsat the beginningofaword is dimcult. w

'

epcx éparos is from64. whichhas fi elptx thOmf os).1 7 1 . ppfic

'

fi’ is from64 .

1 7 2 . xakxon‘

} L is from64 . (6) cL is givenby thearithmetic.

1 73. «Spain»: is from64. The point of it is that the 3 1st yearhadalready beenmentioned inl. 15 5 .

1 74. BL dhuparat rrvpoii xahxov ts from64 .

1 79. [ark- L : cf. 7 2. 92 , note.

1 82 . pd’

there is some error inthemultiplicationby whichthis total is reached.

183. Somany of the details in this columnhave beenlost that it is impossible toverify theaddition. In60. 91 the sumof theartabae is 16 13} or 16more thanhere.In1. 209 the total of the land 3: tin-damup to the 39thyear isaccordingly less by i 6 thanthe corresponding figure in60. 95 , but the same numbersas those in60. 95have beeninserted over the line. The disappearance of these 16artabae (probablyamere error)alsomakes itself felt inthe final totals in 248-

5 2. In1. 248 the total number ofartabaesaid to beaccounted for in11. 1- 247 is givenas 106 141

15 , but inl. 25 2 theadditionof

the items produces 1059811, or 16 less ; cf. notes on1. 25 2, 60. 93,and 7 2. 97.

185 . Cf. 7 2. 99, note.

187- 93. The restorations of the lacunaehave beenobtained from72. 101 sqq.

1 89. Themeaning of this passage is obscure. Galml elm probably gives

the reasonfor whichthis land was placed 81: snowy, being parallel toas for Jp ov of thepreceding clauses. I t seems that inthe 33rd year 33arouraehad beenreclaimed fromthe M ayo»and entered inthe lists of lands fromwhicharent should be demanded ;but because those who were liable to the demand, when the number of the cultivatorswas taken into consideration, could not produce the tenthpart whichwas added to

18 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

the rent eachyear,and because nothinghad beenpaid to thisaccount up tothe 34thyear,the land wasallowed to go out of cultivationagain. wpooax 8e

'

vros is the word commonlyused of reclaimed land whichwas removed fromthe inrdkoyov (cf. e. g. 60. Thekomogrammateus inhisannual returns (alsokoywpot throw-

you, cf. 74—5 ) reported to thedioecetesafter the sowing the amount of land whichhad been cultivated inex cess of

that ex pected fromthe preliminary survey, together withalist of that land whichcouldbe leased at avaluation (fl'

jsavmpéw p at: p ica-maaxoam. ( in: In the lattercase the land was placed c

’

v avvxpt'

o'aunder theheading d crumM ééms (cf. note onll. 89

—108)and entered on the booksat the normal rent of Crown land, the differencebetween this rentand that obtained on the valuationbeing returned under theheading£2mxpt

’aa. The land referred to in this passage was treated in this way ; the profitsof the cultivationwere,however, so small that even the lower rent could not be paid,(1accordingly the land was again placed 3» {mi s—fl. But what the tenthpart

was is not clear. Possibly the land was leased on terms similar to those in l. 5 2,for tenyearsatagivenrate, whichwas doubledat the end of the period ; this doubledratemayhave been regardedasattained byaddingatenthpart of the original rateeachyear for aperiod of ten years. The difficulty then is to see what ismeant bythe 33rdand 34thyears. If they belong to the same reign, whether that of Philometor orEuergetes, there isnotasufficient interval betweenthe year when the land was reclaimedand the year when the cultivationwas givenup toaccount for the 66mm» pipesaddedon eachyear. It is therefore probable that the 33rd year refers to Philometor, the34thto E uergetes, whichgives an interval of twelve years. But it is possible thatform6 M (have)inl. 192 (the reading ofwhichismade certainby 72. 108)is corrupt,andif the real reading were rim) rm“: 13 (Irons) (se. of Philometor) 30 2m6 no(Zr-cm) (ofEuergetes II)amuchbetter sense would be obtained ; for then this entry would comeunder theheading inl. 1 87 of land whichbecame c

’

v Wold-y? inthe 291hyear, instead ofbeing not only withoutaheading but out of chronological order,as it is if maRB[(frovs)is referred toEuergetes I I .

191—2 . Cf. 72. 107 ctr] roi

‘

rro cannot be read,but ] xat n) is possible. Perhaps the

papyrushad ml «1 p[qflc‘v d c rofiro. 64 . (b)agrees with7 2,having “has [rapaflt’aojooaa

194- 203. The supplementsare derived partly from72, partly from64 .

194- 8 .

‘ Concerning the land whichwas returned inthe a3rd yearas part of thatwhichfailed tocome up to the ex pectations formed inthe 1athwhichwasalso the 1st year,regarding whichthe komogrammateus reports that it is the land whichwas found byOsoroéris, whowas thenbasilico-

grammateus, tohave put informer times tooheavyataxuponthe powers of the cultivators, we register it in the unproductive land, 27 arourae15 7artabae.

’

194—5 . These linesare restored from64 . whichhas [r ips] c’v f i xmy (8m)«as raw «in-o

rrapd nix ] l{moo-nic er: 7 06 16 7 06mla(from)the] ; lw194. Thea3rd year is that of Philometor. tin-60mm: is the technical termfor the offer

of rentmade by the Bac chu s: ympyds when the Crownlands were leased, based uponhisex pectationof the profitshe couldmake by cultivating it ; cf. Wilcken, Akimrlr‘k ke, I . 8 .

195 .mi“: 15m7 «ata(trove): it is probable that inthe first year of the joint reignofEuergetes I Iand Philometorageneral surveyand valuationof the land wasmadeand thescale of rents fix ed. Some of the land did not proveas valuableashad beenex pected,and the royal scribe seems tohave reported elevenyears later that the cultivationof thisland was too difi cult to be worththe trouble ex pended on it. For the land iv M 674.

before the xathyear of Philometor see 11. 419 sqq.,and cf. note on1. 149.

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220 TBE TUNIS PAPYR I

A difficultyarises fromthe occurrence of rim) roii p (Irons)inl. 208, for if that is correct

the entry ought tohave come under theheading of the inréhoyov rim) f or? p Iron: (11. 1 10and p is perhapsamistake for k or )ta. Possibly these 5 arourae of confiscated iepe‘

r

correspond to some of the land whichisascribed to the god Petesuchus in98 . 5 5 sqq.,

but whichneverthelessappears tohave beenBoodluaj ; cf. notead 100. This view thatthe 5arouraehad been lepr‘r y?) is preferable to the oppositehypothesis that theyhad beenoriginally Baadtua’; and were transferred to the temples of second rank, beinghoweverretained c

’

v snowy? because the loss to the State remained. They would thenbe countedtwice over, like the mdptposassigned to cleruchs, once inthe {moltoyovandagain inthelepé ; cf. p. 5 75 . But rifles-win; lepg

“

(74 . 59) does not suit this, and the normal coursewithCrownlands e

’

v {wallow transferred toanother class of owners was to subtract theareasand rents,as was done inthe case of the xhijposassigned to M enches (cf. 7 5 . 7 1and p. Only whenmréptpos was wronglyassigned was the land whichhad ceasedtobe Baad tm') retained under theheading of land Iv swarm.

209- 1 2 . The totalsare obtainedas follows :

dpoupat. a'p‘rdfiat. fl'

vpov. xp10ijr. dhupas. xahxoii.Imm6 AO(Irons). l. 205 . 5 2 1 -

125 2608} 2 176 195 i} 163g 72}

lepr‘

ic. l. 208. 24}Total. 1. 209.

( it ?) for? p 1. 148.

Total r'm-oM yov. l. 2 1 1 . 954} 4770} 3208} 1 264 o} 87}

Theamount of wheat given inthe papyrus is The writer seems tohaveaddedinpart of the wheat whichhehad omitted inl. 205 (cf. note on11. 202

209. Thealterationof 2 633} artabae to 2649} is due to the omissionof 16artabaeinthe totalof d pis I

'mf or? M Irovc inl. 1 83 cf. notead [00.2 1 1 . The numbers writtenabove the lineagree withthose found in60. 99,and were

introduced because 43 arouraehadafter the sowing beenreportedas under cultivation;cf. note on60. 93. At the foot of the column some distance below the last line thenumber pot has beenentered ; this is the difference between47703and 459315, andgives the number ofartabae gained by the reclamationof the 43arourae.

2 1 2. Why the number ‘

Awny’

wasaddedat the end of this line is not clear ; ifit isarepetitionof the total inl. 2 1 1 the figuresare wrong.

2 1 3—46.

‘We include inthe list of lands whichinthe 5othyear became unprofitableandhad up tothe 49thyear beenincluded inthe lands submitted for inquiry the followinglandsabout which,as was revealed by the papers whichwere provided for the purpose ofdrawing up the report on the land, informationwas givento the effect that some of thosewhohad beenadmitted to the positionof catoecihad receivedarable or other land whichshould nothave beenused for that purpose. Withregard to this land the former basilicogrammateis registered that whichhad beenpreviously takenfromthe unproductive landascleruchic but that whichhad beenreportedas takenfromthearable land they submittedtoadecision,asking whether it should be deducted (fromthe cleruchic land)and otherland subtracted fromthat inthe unprofitable list should be substituted. Whenthis wasreportedat the councilheld under the presidency of Apollodorus, who wasat that timeepistatesand scribe of the catocolocavalry, they quoted the decrees whichhad beenissuedwithregard to the catoeci. But Archibius the dioecetesmadeaminute uponthe survey of

the 47thyear onasimilar case If theyhave receivedarable land instead of dry,and

61. THE LAND SURVEY 22 1

nooneat the time lodgedanobjection, theyhave not obeyed the orders issued concerningthe catoec i. Let it benoted that one year’

s rent shall be exacted fromthem,and they shallbeallowed tokeep the land ; butanequalamount of dry land shall be leased Inthecase of the divisionofHeraclides (hemadeaminute), “Since they obeyed the orders issuedinthe 32nd year to those connected withthe settlement,and the decisionof Apollodorus,henceforward let those who obtained suchland before the dec isionof Apollodorus bepermitted to retainit, butanequalamountmust be restored tothe dry land ; ayear’

s rentshallhowever be demanded fromthose whoreceived suchlandafter the council.”

List of those whohave beenpermitted inaccordance withthe spec ial orders issuedwithregard to themto retain theirallotmentsas they were originallyassigned to them,free fromcalumniationoraccusationor confiscationonany pretex t

Philox enus sonof Callicrates : 4arourae 19gLartabae.

Zenodorus sonofBromerus : 3arourae 14} artabae.

Apollodorus sonof Ptolemaeus, one of thoseadmitted to the catoecic cavalry inthe3rst year, who received land fromthat part of the unproductive land whichwas notavailable for the purpose, instead of that whichhad beensubtractedafter the 3othyearfromthe unproductive land whichwasallowed tobe soused: 40arourae out of 60atarentof artabae 199§artabae. Totalof the unproductive land 47arourae 234} artabae.

’

2 13. The restorationof the end of this line is derived from64 .

2 14—5 . In64 . (6)and 7 2. 141 formmawope'vor is immediately preceded by e’mmre¢017

oopc'

vow, so that it is probable that the end of l. 2 14 was blank, which, since ll. 2 13—4areaheading, isnot remarkable.

2 1 5 . Some of the land whichhad beenassigned to persons who became catoec i inthe reignof EpiphanesorPhilometor (of.notesonll. 239- 41)had beeninaproper conditionfor cultivation; land of this kind shouldhave been leased to cultivators so that itmighthelp tokeep up the Crownrevenues, but,having beenassigned to cleruchs, involvedalossto the State. Whenthis irregularallocationof the land became knownsome years laterthe royal scribes registeredas cleruchic the estates or portions of estates whichhad beenoriginallyassigned to catoeci out of the land c

’

v swallow ; these grantshad beenquiteregular,andnoquestioncouldariseas totitle. Wherehowever the landhad beenarablewhenassigned, the grant was irregularand the title therefore bad. The royal scribes,accordingly,ataninvestigationheld by Apollodorus raised the questionwhether the lossto the Crownshould bemade good by resuming possessionof the land indoubtandgiving dry land to the cleruchs instead, quoting insupport the decrees whichhad beentransgressed,and whichpresumably declared that the d reamshould receive x e

'

paos. Whatdecisionwasarrivedat by the council under Apollodorus is not stated, but two inferencescanbemade concerning it, ( 1)that it was infavour of the cleruchs, whowereallowed tokeep the land indispute,and ( 2)that it was not final, for Archibius inthe"

47thor 48thyearissuedaminute that the decrees concerning the xh'rocxochad beendisobeyedand thatayear’

s

rent was to be demanded fromthose whohad received these irregular grants, thecontinuance of their ownership being guaranteed on condition that an equalamountof dry land was leased by the officials (cf. 10. introd.) inorder to balance the loss to theState. Onthe differentmethods of dealing withthe difficulties caused by theassignmentof 01:6c yr

“

; tocleruchs see p. 5 55 . I t is curious that those cleruchsat Kerkeosiri s whoweremade topayayear’

s rent inaccordance withthe decisionofArchibius inll. 226- 9occur in61. (6)underaseparateheading (cf. 11. 2 while the threementioned inll. 2394 1 ( thoughin61. (a) 20- 6 the case of Zenodorus is said tohave been decided by thedioecetesand oucpyqparoypéoos)arehere stated tohavehad their ownership secured not by

222 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

the orders of Archibius just quoted, but by special decrees (l. whichwere probablysimilar to those in124 . 25

—9,and they donot seemtohave paidayear’

s rent ; of. App. i.

5 6. There isafurther difficulty that themoprpooassigned to cleruchs whichformsaniteminthe category of Crownland 50 snow?appears tobe counted twice over ; cf. p. 5 75 .

The relevancy of ll. 230—5 , whichgiveaquotationfromawhpmvypaqsrj of Archibius dealingwithsimilarly disputed titles inthe divisionof Heraclides, is not clear. Possibly one or twoof the cleruchsmentioned in11. 239-

41 owned other land inthe divisionofHeraclides (cf.p . or the npoo

-

reraypc’vamayhave ordained that they were to be treated like thecleruchs in that pept's, some of whomescaped without payingayear's rent (ll. 232

All three seemtohave received their grants before the 0157 11t of Apollodorus ; cf.

notes on11. 222 , 239, 240,and 24 1 .

2 19. [wpoavravaypcflrio'av is restore m64. whichhas e amrpeOe‘

iaav.222 . Acronobépqc : cf. 82. 1 5 . Apollodorusheld the officesmentioned ere inthe

36thyearapparently of Philometor,and it is therefore probable that themopa'atookplaceabout that year.

223. o meetings of the principal officials wereheld fromtime to timeto discuss questions connected withtheadministrationof the land ; but their decisionsseemtohave been subject to revisionby the dioecetes. The constitutionofasimilaro'wefipct

'ais described inP. Par. 63, 140 sqq. M dpfl'

IG‘

M I S‘ 83 nerd t o?» “ par-17760mi fi r

(inw ardly r ti

'

w (pvhax tr tiivml 7 62 oix ovdpmvml 7 6 2 Baod tx tiiw ypammrc'av trapdvrovml r i 'w trap'156,41i m6 ypappafl'

ws flint pax t'pmv tral ré‘

w ron'oypappare'mv not x c poypappare'ovmi 7 8v N ew

8» Av unchapfidmr c q m'pov ( frat rrpoc raiira. Perhapsmminw vxpcfle’

iob] (l. 23 1)alludes tothismopa'a; but cf. note on5 . 54.

2 25 . [pk (Imus): of. l. 5 .

226-

9. The subject of xare'trq av is the cleruchs, that of xamxokoéoqoov, Meaty , 16:andmaestro; the officials. rot]: xdnoipms, ‘to suitable persons,’ is possibleat the end of l. 2 29 ;

but in7 2. 164medi umends the sentence,and theadditionheremay bemeaningless.

230—5 . Withthe case of the cleruchs inthe “epic ofHeraclides cf. 7 9 . 13

-

9and 47—59,whichrevealsastate ofafi'airs similar to that foundhere. Inthat case the cleruchs werenotallowed to keep themdpcpor,and receivedafreshgrant of dry land instead ; cf. 7 9 .

47—6 2 , note.

233. chromdaloflfikac d: n): x e’

poov : this ought to correspond to l. 229, but seems tomakenosense. Perhapsausn'

is x c'

poov or «I: n): w dptpov should be read ; cf. the confusionin

239. Philox enus is no doubt the father of the M oqxovrépoupoc Callicratesmentionedin 62. 40 and 68 . 40among those whohad received grants of land in the time ofEpiphanes. Hehad before the date of this papyrus been succeeded byhis son, butsince the disputeabout the landhad nodoubtariseninthe time of Philox enus it is notsurprising thathis ,

name is retainedhere ; cf. the nex tnote.

240. Zenodorus is the father of the Bromerus (called in8 5 . 7 1 anoyoooxomipovpocthoughowning only 40arouraeat Kerkeosiris)mentioned in62. 79and 68 . 68amongthose who received grants in the 3 1st year of Philometor. He too like Philox enuswas probably deadat the time of this papyrus cf. the preceding note.

241 . Apollodorus ownedaltogether 60arouraeat Kerkeosiris (l. 245 ; cf. 62. 84and63 . 7 2)but was probably innameanM oqxowégovpoc like the other two, thoughhow farthese titles corresponded to theactual size of the d iaper is doubtful ; of. p. 5 48. Hereandin72. 180he is said tohave beentransferred tothe ceramic inthe 31st year (of Philometor);but in62. 84and 68 . 7 1 this event isascribed to the 34thyear.

246. pf : 4 (l. 2 30) 3 (l. 239) 40 (l. 244) 47 ; similarly for the artabae,193 14} 1993 2341

13 . These numbersareadded to the totals previously obtained,

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TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

instalments (cf. 11. 258 Whenaq ouxoc failed to pay the or Idravoc demanded from‘

him, whether uponhis promotionorat subsequent periods,he was liable to be deprived

ofhis shapes, whichpassed into the possessionof some one whomade the necessarypayment inhis stead. Instances of thisare found in61. (a)9 sqq., where the ownershipof the lands of Heliodorus sonof Dionysiusand Heliodorus sonof M enodorus wastransferred to three other persons because theyhad paid the orIdravoc onbehalf of’

the two defaulters cf. 32 sqq. The npooltrflnoc orIdravoc washowever not theonly or r

'

dmvos levied uponcleruchs cf. 99 . 59, note. The Baodmol ysop-yor’also paidfor or Icpavos ; cf. 93—5 . Instances of payments for orItpovoc onbehalf ofother persons thanthe kingare found rnP. Fay. Towns 14and P. G renf. I . 4 1 , wherem11. -1 2 l. M OIvro( c)yov

‘

cf. 95 . 8 , note.

ov M eniscus sonof Ptolemaeus, who inthe 5 z ud year wasan”

polio:rev Iv for A8 Im) (62. 1 5 2, of. 61. (a) was succeeded in that year byhis sonPtolemaeus, who is enteredas I¢o8os inthe corresponding place in the list of cleruchsfor the 2nd year of the nex t reign (63. In 60, whichwas drawnup later inthe 5 3rd year thanthe present document, this xardx tpos nitfipos is entered under the nameof the son The owed 1 20artabae ofwheat for w e

'

dxwos ofwhichhehad paidanamount equivalent to 20 artabae,leaving 100 artabae still owing. It is curious

that nonotice is takenof the partial payment eithermthe total in of sums owedfrommrdxmot dapoc or in60. 105 ; cf. note onll. 261 - 84. His case is dealt withatgreater lengthin64 . (6)7—13and 72. 246

-

58.

25 7 . Cf. 60. 106, note.258 . uproar : 33} artabae of barleyare equivalent to 20 of wheat,hence the ratio

of the value of barley to that of wheat was 3 5 . The same ratio is regularly foundinnumerous instances inthe present volume, e.g. 67 . 68,and insome of the new papyriof the Petrie collection.

26 1- 84. This very obscure sectionis concerned withthe d fipos of Demetrius sonofDemetrius, whose correctnameas reported by the komogrammateus was Demetrius sonofHeraclides,and who is enteredas suchin62. 141and 63. 1 14amongst the pnaflefiqx dm612 w onder If M ow r ib» Iv 118 (Ira) tamper From1. 264 itappears thathe becameax tiroutos inthe 48thyear,hisadmissionbeing presided over by Amphicles(cf. l. 267andP. Cairo 1037 1 . 1 inA rc/i z

'

v, I . p. Like the othermembers of that classhe was probablyaIxarovrapovpos inname, but wehear of only 24arourae owned byhimat Kerkeosiris,and 1 2 of these were transferred by the beginning of Soter I l’s reigntoTauriscus sonof Apollonius (cf. 63. 1 The causes whichled to this transferenceare probably the facts recorded inthis section, but owing tothemutilationof the papyrustheyare ex tremely difficult tomake out. 60 gives nohelp , for Demetrius rs notmentionedatallmthe sectiondealing withxardxmot 0.55pm the total in being lessthanthe total in of the present document by the 24arouraeand 1 20artabae ofhis «Mimementioned in

Fromtheabsence ofafreshheading 'ml. 26 1 , it isat first sightnatural to infer thatDemetrius skqpos, like that of M eniscus, was xarcox qpe'vos rrpor forme rrpoo

'hr'flrcms 011 1110 07,

especiallyas Demetriushad beenanzoos“ and there isareference to the s pookwr wcmarrow : inl. 283 immediately before the statement of theamounts whichweremrox rpor.But the intervening - 82 donot seemtohaveanything to dowithor Idravor for theking and from itappears that the caliper of Demetrius inthe 48thyear, i . e.at thetime ofhisadmissionto the xa'rrourot (seeabove), was somehow subject tocharges for themaintenance ofasacred crocodile, Demetri us being one ofanumber of sknpouxoc inasimilar position, since inll. 2 7 1 sqq. the singular gives place to the plural (cf. 11. 27 2and275 6110845111111,and l. 274 for): d rjpovs). The persons (Ppriests)whomade the claimupon

61. THE LA ND SURVEY 225

the land of Demetriusand others did so onthe ground that the daporhadalready beenpledged and that the Imyq pa, or surplus produce after the necessary payments to thegovernmenthad beenmade (cf. 27 . 66, 66 . belonged to them(11. 273 Thematter was referred to Amphicles, whomadeaminute that the produce (of. l. 2 75 , note)was to be paid to the claimants, and that unless the xkqpoaxor could show withinsix tydays certificates of release issued byhimself boththe landand the produce should beconfiscated ( ll. 274 Theappointed period elapsed,as wellasafurther respite grantedby Ptolemaeus, whose official positionis not stated ; but no certificates were forthcoming.

Accordingly thematter came before Archibius, the dioecetes, whomadeaminute to theeffect that payment was to be exacted (11. 2 78 The connex ionof the crucial l. 283withwhat precedes is not clear. The blank spaceat the end of l. 282and the fact thatthe beginning of l. 283 does not recede byafew letters prevents us fromassigning it tothe napmrypadn'; of the dioecetes. But insome way the sumdue fromDemetrius wasconnected withthe flpoohr'flrcws o'

rc'

dmror,andhis A fipos of 24arourae is enteredas liable for1 20artabae. Didhe pay the sum? I t would be possible to read inl. 284,as inl. 258, thoughthe third letter ismore like v than71 ;and thehypothesis thathehad paidmight be thought to ex plaintheabsence ofhis name inthe list of xardx qtos1:16pmin60. Moreover 101 isareceipt writteninThothof the 5 1st year showing thatDemetriushad paid 1 talent 4800 drachmae for trre

'

tpayoe. But inthe ‘first place since

neither inl. 294 nor in60. 105 isany deductionmade onaccount of the 20arourae paidby M eniscus,his d fipos being inbothcases enteredas kardx tpor for 1 20, not 100,artabae,thenon-appearance of Demetrius theremay well be due to some other cause ;and secondlythe entryat the end of l. 284 that the land inquestionwas dkpvpr's seems tohave no pointif the land was to be removed fromthe list ofmox rpor skfipos cf. 1. 260, whereisapplied to the x kfipos of M eniscus, whichundoubtedly remained xardx tpos. I t is thereforedoubtfulwhether Demetrius paid the full 1 20artabae,and,as wehave said, the loss ofhalfhis xMjposmayhave beenthe result.

275 . e'

x tpdptahereand inl. 27 7 seems tomeannot,as usual, rents, but ‘

produce.

’

283. There is nosignofaletter before c. The vestiges of lettersafter no do notsuit r .

285 - 93. Concerning the seven-arouraeholders whobecame liable inthe 50thyear inaccordance withaletter fromstating that Heraclides whowas performing the dutiesof epistates of the villagehad reported that onthe night before the 28thof Pharmouthiinthe same 5othyear some personhad come into the villageandhaving burnt the stores

of wheathad and sincehe was stated to be Kollouthes, one of the native soldiers

settled by Chomenis, whenthe komogrammateus wasasked whichit was of those enteredonthe register of the cleruchs

,because there were twoof the same name,he replied that

it was Kollouthes sonofHorus. 6

}harourae 32} artabae, not sown.

’

285 . For other examples of e liability of xhijpot to becomeméx qroc owing to

offences committed by the owners cf. 5 8 . 25 sqq., 64 . (6) 14

- 29, 72. 237-

45 and259 SCIQ

289. Iprrpfioavro: the scribe began to write e’mrpéoana, but finished the word as

thoughit was frenpfjo'aro.293. 6712111674002 B: the two persons referred to were sonata” 'npov (61. (a)88)and

Kohltor'aflqs II I -rooipros (61. (a)93) cf. 60. 107and 70. 69—73, note.

294. The totalsaremade up of 24arourae 1 20artabae (l. 24arourae 1 20

artabae (l. arourae 32} artabae (l. whichmake 54} arourae 27 ztartabae.

295 . This line seems tohave containedamarginal note of some kind. ine 294

concludes one section, while 1. 299 beginsanother, ll. 296- 8 being only inserted for fillingup space. For

’

Ao r ]oi)néppou cf. 61. (a)2 7 , note.

Q

226 TBE TUN I S PAPYR I

299. orreppérnv:anew sectionbeginsat this pointand continues up to l. 31 2, dealingwithgrants of seed for cultivating the Crownlands ; of. 7 2 . 31 1 sqq., whichhas suppliedthe restorations inseveralof the lacunae.

300. Up to M esore of the 5 z ud year nothing is reported tohave beenenteredasowing,

’ i.e. theaccount for the 53rd year started withoutabalance. For the technicalmeaning of rrapose‘

ioomhere cf. 7 6 . 9, 7 8 . 6.

30 1 . 862 was the number ofarourae of Crownland for whichseed was supplied

inthe 53rd yearat the rate of 1artabato thearoura; cf. 1. 308 . The number is reachedby several reductions fromthe 1092} arourae of land whichwereactually sown in the5 3rd year (1. The difference between1092} arouraeand whichinl. 249(cf. 60. 5 5 , 98and 6 7 . 4)was givenas the totalof the Iorromé vq, isaccounted for by thesubtractionof ( 1)the 1 7arourae whichwere not sownthroughcarelessness (l. 303 cf. 00.

5 4, 6 7 . 7 1 (2) 30arourae of vopoc’ ; this thoughnot indicatedhere is clear fromacomparisonof 61. (a)220and 67 . 59 sis 1711 ” 6

'

p onq partcsroc vopav ll. Similarly in72.

31 7 the figure fli'

ov Iorrapvnv,1 143} arourae, is less thanthe total of the cirro-yvnv inl. 223

by 60arourae, theamount of the vopar' inl. 310, but there isnodeductionfor land unsownthroughcarelessness,as in61. (6)303.

Starting therefore fromhis revised total 10923arourae inl. 306 the writer proceeds toreduce this figule to862 byaprocess whichhe c ls M os (sc. M yos or some suchword)xaraxpr'p '

eas (l. 305 ; cf. 7 2. The difference, 230} arourae, is composed partly of theland whichrequired noseed because the terms of the lease tothe cultivators did not includeanadvance of seed-com(l. 307 , of. 72. partly of the land whichrequi red no seed forsome other reason (1. The corresponding passage in 72 (ll. 31 7- 8)mentionslandat reduced rents, 7arourae of wheat (cf. 72. 31 7 , note)and 91aromaof xoprovopoz(cf: 60. 82, note),and the ex pressionused inl. 306here probablymeant the same. From8 7 . 5 5 (of. 61. (a)2 18)itappears that 8 1arourae were sownwithxoprosmp6». The 862arourae (l. 308)whichremainedafterall these deductionshad beenmadeare reckonedasrequiringat the rate of 1artabaof wheat to thearoura862artabae of seed-corn,afigurewhichcorresponds tothat laid downat the beginning of the section(1. Theallowanceof seed for different crOps isall reckoned inwheat, because the rents wereall estimated inwheat (of. p. rot;anron(Irons) inl. 301 refers to the 53rd year,as is shownby thecoincidence of the figures inll. 302 and 308 (cf. 72. 3 14and Jov «Ivar is difficult,because the 862 artabae do not includeanyallowance for doropos (a. rap .) The seed

advanced to the ysop-yoi who failed to sow their landmusthave beenrecovered by thegovernment.

305 . 1146611]monarch] refers to 61. (a)219.

310- 2 . There is noclueas to themeaning of these lines, whichmay refer either to

the preceding or to the following section,andhave nothing corresponding to themin

7 2. 31 1- 20. The fact that the blank spaceat the end of l. 313 was filled upas usual,ant

l

l thenerased,makes us prefer to suppose that the sectiondealing withMme beganat 313.

313- 6. A sectiondealing withadvert: or loans of seed- corn; cf. 67 . 7 7 Mme sis rov

orropov. In7 2. 324 sqq. this sectionis placedafter the three tax esmentioned inll. 31 7—9here,and is followed byanother concerninganadvance tocertainpéxmor. The di fferencebetweentheadvances under thehead of developand those under thehead ofmppéfov isprobably twofold. Those under thehead ofmpporov were not loans but presents, forthoughdeductionsaremade for onIppa-rainthemrc‘r lists (GO there is no traceanywhere of repayments of these by ysnpyor’, whichis quite inaccord withtheabsenceofanymentionof repayments inll. 298—309. M oreover, inll. 384 sqq. the grant of seedis deducted fromtheannual rent inorder toproduce the net rent of the land ;and inl. 35 5

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228 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

corn-measures. Onafarmof 1 20 arourae the correctamount of the rprxofvurov was360 choenices, equivalent to 10artabae of 36 choenices or 9 of 40 choenices. The officialshad tocollect it fromthe ysnpyns by the former, but toaccount for it to the government bythe latter standard. I t ishighly probable that they told the cultivator to pay 10artabae of36 choenices, but that themeasure whichtheyactually used wasa4o- choenixmeasure,and that thus on 1 20arourae the cultivator wasmade to pay 400 choenices instead of360. The ofii cials then reported to the government that theyhad collected 9artabaeof 40 choenices,makingaprofit of 40 choenices for themselves. The figures of thetax ingaccounts inwhichthe artabae were reckonedat 36 choenicesand subsequentlyconverted intoartabaeof 40 choenices would not betray frauds of this kind,and the centraladministrationbeing powerless todetect themintheaccounts could only resort tomakingthe examinationof the officialmeasuresas publicas possibleand to threats of the severest

penalties.It is noticeable that the eqoanpoonxax tx dvwas paid inbarley, whichis thenconverted

into wheat,and that the totalamount of it does not vary in the instances found in thepresent volume. Theamount for the xptiorts q aInv is also practically constant ; thatof the rpcx otvrxovnecessarily goes upand downaccording to the number ofarourae sown.

The reasonwhy these three tax esand that of artabain11. 323-

41 occur inthe presentdocument is that they were toaspecial ex tentnrrosdpsvo (cf. 29 . 13, note) to the komogrammateus, who, ifnot theactualwriter of 81, certainly supplied the informationembodiedinit (of. p. That this ofi‘icial, towhose department the land survey belonged, shouldbe responsible for suchtax esas the rptxor

'

vrsovand the artabawhichdirectly dependedupontheareas under cultivation, is quite natural.aqmpocpnkommnv : in7 2. 32 1and 7 5 . col. 11 the formGnoavpodwhax urdv occurs, whichis preferable.

323-

4 1 . A section(omitted in72)dealing withpayments of artabaontheatoursof land belonging tothe templesand tothose cleruchs whowere not x érouroc (cf. App. i .

The prox imity of this sectionto those dealing withorrIpparaandarmmight suggestthat these payments of artabahad some connex ionwithloans of seed- corn, especiallyas theamount is calculated upontheareaactually sownas determined bymeasurement(cf. note on1. and uncultivated land (nuJAo-yav) is left out ofaccount. But 8 9

,

inwhichalist of payments for the artabafollows immediately uponpayments of theOrleanpotpvhmx dv, xpdo'

rw s 9 1731112111and rpcx ot'

vurov (cf. ll. 31 7 indicates that the artabawasatax , notarepayment ofaloan;and it is practically certainthat the -artabataxis to be connected withthe payments of artababy owners of lepd yr

“

;and clemchswhichare found in 98 . The ¢nltax iro1and Ipqnoonltax es paid artabaonthearourainadditiontoother charges,and concerning theapt) it is ex pressly stated (98 . 2 7)thatthe tax of artabawas calculated uponthe land Iv omip(m). A difiicultyarises thatthe 3310801, rpmovrdpovpmand elxootripovpot there paid I artaba,and the e

'

rrrépovpoc but theconnex ionof the paymentsmade in98 withthosehere is further proved by 232 ; cf. 84 .

80and 7 5 . 4- 7 , whichshow that the sdrorx oc paid 1artabalike the I¢obo¢ ,and that the tax

was levifél upon land In 611-own, and for an ex planationof these inconsistences see

98 . intr

324. i s pIpos [Io] rrdp6a1 : themeaning of this phrase whichrecurs (withthe omissionof ( 011-671001 in ll. 327 , 329, &c .

,is difficult. The whole areaof land at Kerkeosiris

owned by t e temple of Soknebtunis was only 130arourae (80. 10,are), sothat ll. 324—5

cannotmeanthat out of theareaowned by that temple 2 part, viz . 130 arourae,hadbeensown. Nor is it possible to place zomBr-nvros Gena4467 1t inaparenthesisand to

suppose that the p Ipos of 130arourae is contrasted withthe rest of the lepd y?) 1rpo'rraw tspiw,

i. e. the 141} arourae owned by the temple of Suchus (80. whichare omittedhere,

61. THE LAND SURVEY 229

no doubt because they were dry ; for i s pIpos ( Iorrdpoar) isalsoapplied inl. 333 to the5arourae owned by the rpmovra’ponpor, whichwas the totalamount of the land belongingto that class of landowners (cf. 81. (a) I t is clear that 6s pIpos Iorro’p0a1 indicatesthat thearourae following it whichwere subject to the tax of artabawerearable,as contrasted withthe land whichwas olto( ImoM (-yon) (cf. II. 328, 33 1, &c.)and wasex empt fromthe tax because it was not cultivated (of. note on1. The ex planationof the use of the phrase i s ru'pos Iowépoor instead of «mopr'ponto denote the arableareais, we think, due to the date at whichthis papyrus was drawnup. If,as is probable, itwas writtensoonafter the beginning of the 5 3rd year, the sowing of the whole cr0p uponcleruchicand temple landmay not yethave takenplace, or, if ithad, the details would notyet be knownand the estimates for the 53rd year would be based partly onwhathadactually beensown, partly on the ex pectations of what was going to be sown(cf.Lines 324-

5 thereforemeanthat out of the 130arourae owned by Soknebtunis parthadbeenalready sownand the rest was going tobe sown, so that the wholeareawas subjectto the tax of artaba.

The land whichis contrasted withthe land i s p Ipos Iorrépaar is called oho(The first abbreviation is perhaps to be resolved as equivalent toa7tmcf. the use of rats inl. 33. This land was ‘altogether InJAoyos,’ i.e. it was

certain that it was not going to be cultivated in the 53rd year onaccount of beingsalt, or waterlogged, or dry. Since the figureshere refer to the 53rd year,acomparisonof this passage with80. 8—35 , where the figures givenfor the cleruchicand temple land undercultivationare quite different (e. g. the 20} arourae belonging to the lesser temples wereaccording to l. 326 Iv tr ots” ,

whileaccording to80. 14-

5 they were cultivated), shows thatin80.and 81. (a)(cf. 82. introd.)the figures dealing withcleruchicand temple land refer to

the past (5 2nd) year. oko( nu-olt6(yon)occursalso several times in the interlinearadditions to 84 . (a).

328. Themarginalnote, whichis written inalargerhand thanthe rest of the tex t,must refer to the land of Soknebtunisand not to that of Suchus, because, one Orbs pIyoshaving beenalreadymentioned, it is not likely that the other would be referred tomerelyas M rs pIyaswithouthis name,and, secondly, the landof Suchuswas probably outof cultivationinthe 53rd year,as was the case inthe 5 rst, 5 z udand 54th; of. 80. 9and 1 5 , 82. 6,note, 88 . 5 . The difficulty is that theareamentionedas sownis greater thanthe wholeareabelonging toSoknebtunis (cf. e.g. 88 . but the difference is p robably due to theM op “oxowurpofi cf. the nex tnote.

333. oxor(v on): the difference between the supposed areaand thatobtained byactualmeasurement isadded inorder to obtain the areauponwhichtheiartabais calculated. It should be observed that themeasuredareaisalways greater

1antheamount of land the cleruchs were supposed to possess,aresult whichmight beex pected fromthemethod of calculationadopted by the surveyors ; cf. 8 7 . introd.

336. The writerhas become confused inhis entries. The total number of Irrrdponpo.ptix tpos was 54, of whom14areaccounted for inl. 338and 3 inl. 339, and 6118018 11)M obviously refers to the remaining 37 ; but theareapossessed by these 37menmusthave been 237 arourae, for one of the Irrrdponpor of Chomenisheld only 3 arourae atKerkeosiris (81. (a) The writer seems tohave calculated their landat the rate of6} arourae for eachman,making 240} arourae,andadded intheholdings of the cavalry

19 1 20) but evensohehasmade thearea3arourae too large.

341 . This line gave the totalamount of land 6s pIpos IomipOar or,as it ishere called(cf. 98 . Ivmnpnr. Owing to themistake in the entry concerning the Irrrdponpos

some; it is not worthwhile to restore the figures. In8 9 . 65 , where the tax is calculateduponthe wholearea, whether cultivated or not, the Irrro’ponpoc pay 187 } artabae.

230 TEBTUN IS PAPYR I

342-

5 . A short section concerning payments for ypawamév by cleruchs ; cf. 89.

48 sqq. and 98 , where payments for yp(appa'rtx 6v)occur,ashere, inconjunctionwiththe-artabatax ,

and 97 . introd. From98 . 42—5 itappears that the Idroboc (of whomthere

were twoat Kerkeosiris) paid 1 artabaeach, and the present passage shows that theypappomnv, unlike the artaba, was exacted whether the land was cultivated or not. In8 9 theyare reckonedas paying jointly 3 artabae, but this is due toamistake in thearithmetic (cf. note on1. 64 of that papyrus). The two dnkax ‘

t‘

roralso eachpaid 1artaba(cf. 98 . According to 89. 63 the x spoItpur-rras (cf. 80. 2 1 and p. 5 50)paid 2artabae,buthe does not seemtobementionedhere, for the 3artabae whichhave to be supplied

inthe lacunae of ll. 343—4 inorder tomake up the total 7 inl. 344 were probably paid bythe Immatu re who (8 9 . 72

-

4)paid 1artabaeach,and were three innumber. The payments for ypappamov, like those of the artaba, refer to the 5 3rd year.

343. At the end of the lineas pI(pos)has tobe understood beforeB; there is not roomfor it tohave beenwritten.

346. Here begins the last sectionof the papyrus dealing withland Iv Imorésm(cf. 81. (a)163 Iv 311-meta“ml g'v dwohoyw pgflv} by rsm0 Iv [11]al tits 01114011711” [Irr

'

Ialxéfours

’rax rm), themostobscure inthe whole document ; cf. App. i. 10 . Thearea, 261115arourae,added tothe arourae inl. 248 ,makes up the totalareaof the Batman)76, 242arourae 1 59 ; cf. 8o. The first subdivision(11. 35 1—98) gives thehistory of5 2 1arourae whichin the 3 rst year (of Euergetes I I) yieldedarent of 1 2303(1. Inthe 34thyear the rentwas raised up to the fullamount (cfi p. 5 79)2 broughtin1 35 5artabae (l. Later onit was leasedafreshand brought inarent of 17421

5,artabae, producingagainof 38715, artabae (l. 398 ; cf. note The whole sectioncon

cerning land Iv Irméosr in this papyrus ismuchmutilat but the lacunae and themissing conclusion(Col. x vi)canbe supplied from72, where the corresponding section

(ll. 336—439) is nearly complete.

35 1—80.

‘Land whichwas placed Iv Imoréost inthe 48thyear, out of the land whichhad beensubject todec isiontill the 47thyear. Anincrease was imposed inthe 3othyearuponthe land cultivated by Procles,ahipparch, because it was leasedagain toother culti

vators formore thanthe previously fix ed rents,and onconditionthat they shouldmeasureout to the State the rents of it together withthe seed. But inthe 3 rst year the propertime for sowinghaving beenlost . because those whocultivated it inthat year left the landand departed toother places owing to the preceding cause, other cultivators wereappointedbyPtolemaeus, whowas thenepimeletes, onthe understanding that they shouldnot beaskedfor the increase referred to,and that the requisite seed should be furnished to them; andthis was done. Subsequently whenthese cultivators sent inapetitionto Phanias, one ofthe first friendsand strategusand superintendent of the revenues, pleading that the crophad not come up to their ex pectations because ithad beensowntoo lateand, whentheywished to water the fields, theyhad beenhindered by the cultivators fromBerenikisThesm0phori, and that they were willing to the land to (or with) the chosenaminute was issued that nothing ofwhat was fitting shall be left undone. Phanias thencame tothe village,andhaving visited the fields found that

,the cultivationwas inabad

conditionand the crops were not reaped. But, inorder that nothing of whatmight besaved should be lost,he urged the cultivators to set toworkand reap the cropand bringit to the threshing- floors ; it was percerved,however, fromthe subsequent estimate that thecharges imposed upon the land could not be paid in full, buthe ex ertedhimself andthe was paid to the state,and the deficiency, whichhe exacted fromsureties, waswithdifi cultymade up. Theareainquestion is 25 1arourae,and the rent, instead of

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232 7 5 3 1 11s PAPYkl

tomake uparent of artabae, yieldinganincrease of 893artabae,and of 2 artabaeon14arouraemore tomake up 4

41} artabae, yielding 34} artabae, total 1 24 artabae,making 135 5artabae. Our predecessors write that the rent was paid onathree- fold basis,that part whichhad beensownwithlight crops, consisting of 83arourae, yieldingat10artabae to thearouraincluding seed,measured by the standard usedat the dromosofSuchus, 830artabae ; that part uponwhichcornhad beensown, consisting of 83arourae ,at 7 artabae to the arouraby the samemeasure, yielding 5 8 1 artabae, total for166 arourae, 141 1 artabae, whichare on the Oox u

‘dv standard 1646} artabae, fromwhichare subtracted for seed onaccount ofall thearourae 25 1artabae,and for cleansingand winnowing the remaining 1395} artabae,at 5artabae per 100, 69;artabae,making3203artabae, leaving 1 32 51

5, artabae ; that part (85 arourae) whichwas sown with

green stufl's, at 43} artabae, yielding 41 7 artabae,makingatotal of 1 74215, artabae.

Ex cess 38715,artabae.’

38 1 . The numbers in this important sectionaremainly restored from72 thosewhichare lost in bothdocuments can be recovered by performing the arithmeticaloperations indicated. In 1. 389 the figure 141 1 , whichis only partially preserved in7 2. 394, is obtained byadding 830 (l. 387) to 5 8 1 (l. In1. 390 1646} is the sumof 320;and 1 3251

5, (1. InI. 393 1 395 } is obtained ( 1)by subtracting 25 1 (l. 392)

from1646} (l. ( 2) bymultiplying 693 by‘

20 as indicated by l. 394, the result

of themultiplicationonly difl'

ering by artabafromthat obtained by the subtraction.In7 2. 399 thisnumber is givenas the error being probably due to the eye of thewri terhaving slipped fromthe x inl. 395 to the v immediatelyabove it.

M (8m): 72. 384has A (2m)whichis probably wrong ; cf. p. 5 79.

385-

7 . Tbe 83arourae e’

va’maépafl, i. e. sownin the year before withlight crops(cf. 115 . introd.and p. were leasedat the veryhighrent of 10artabae 6716119, thecrop being nodoubt wheat (or barley). The 83 £111mltépov (of. 115 . whichhad beensownwithwheat, wereagainto be sownwithwheat, butatalower rent thanthe first 83.

The remaining 85arouraewere to be sownwithx ltupé, i.e. to beat the end of the yeari v 62021116112 1 1.

386. 1646} artabae on the standard were equivalent to 141 1 by the 87161101measure,aratio of exactly 7 to 6. Wilcken’

s ex planationof the latter I . p. 77 1)as atemplemeasure is completely confirmed by the present passage ; of. 105 . 40

pe'

f pmJeaxoat'xmd pov f or? £11 161 wpoyeyflaplm'mt ( 111111171 Eovxm'ov, whichshows thathere was the local deityat Kerkeosiris, generally called Petesuchus cf. 8 8 . 4,

wherehis shrine is called aEavx u ‘

iov,and 68 . 25 , note. The Ooxmiv was the official

standard (cf.note on5 . butartabae of both40and 36 choenicesare found inthepresent volume inconnex ionwithofficialmeasurements of wheat (cf. note onll. 31 7I f the box ucdvhere contained 40, theapépoemeasure contained if 36, the bpdpoc

contained 42. The latterhypothesis ismuchthemore probable, because the ratio isfar simplerandmore natural.

Since themeasures in use in different templesmight vary in size, wemustbe cautious inapplying the evidence obtained concerning the 07061101measure atKerkeosiris in the Fayfimto othermentions of 811611111 measures, especially in thecase of papyri whichdo not come fromthe Fayum. But it is noteworthy thatthe proportionof 7 to 6 is that found inP. Brit. M us. 265 between the artaba8116114and theartabac t

'

rmov. The provenance of that papyrus is not known, b ut if,aswe thinkmost probable, the artaba'

Eppoi3 is the ordinary standard of Hermopolis( for the omission ofmate» : cf. P. Grenf. I . 63. 1 2 1108141 it very likelycame fromthat town. The artabaQ tl imrov, whichthere stands in the same relation

61. THE LAND - SUR VE Y

to the artaba as the official Ptolemaic artabadoes to theartaba87115119here,was ex plained by Kenyonas of Macedonianorigin,and this view is strongly supported

by the coincidence of the ratios inthe two cases. Inspite of the fact therefore that P. Brit.

M us. 265 belongs toadifferent period and was not found inthe Fay‘

um, the artaba871611171 there,ashere, probably contained 42 choenices. Taking this datumasastartingpoint for determining the siz e of the otherartabaementioned in P. Brit. M us. 265 ,whichare all smaller than the artababpdpqo, we obtain the following results. Theartabamamas contained,ashas beensaid, 36 choenices theartabarmw (probably,as Kenyonsuggests,namedafter the first Romanpraefect, inwhose time it was introduced33g} , i . e. practically 34, choenices ; the artaba‘

Eppoi‘

: ( i. e. that used at Hermopolis)33g choenices ; theartabaxaltxg‘i choenices ;and theartaba81111771117q 3 1} choenices.Applying these conclusions to theartabae found inP. Brit. M us. 1 25 , where,as Kenyonhas pointed out, the ratios to eachother of theartabae 11107111143, 0170110q , andanotherstandard unnamedalmost exactly correspond to those of theartabae xamfi ,and'

Ep;106 inP. Brit. M us. 265 , we obtain42 choenices for theartaba¢opuc1§1, 32} choenicesfor theartaba and 34315 choenices for the other unnamedartaba. For theprobable interpretationof the names of theartabae inP. Brit. M us. 1 25 see Wilcken,

I . p. 745 . Bothhis ex planationof theartaba111070111155as themeasure used inleasesand the identificationof it by Kenyonwiththeartaba87061141are confirmed by the commonuse of the bpdpoemeasure inleases ; cf. 105 . 40, 108 . 28, P. Amb. 90. 1 1 , &c. The bpépoemeasure does not seemtohave beenalways 42 choenices in the Romanperiod, forinP. Fay. Towns 10 1 , where the unusual fractions and 115 ofanartabaoccur (cf. theartaba(whichis stated inone place tobe bpdpqo)ismuchmore likely to contain40 choenices,especiallyas the 811157101measure in the Fayfimis frequently said to be rerpaxoftmrov (e.g.

P. Amb. I I . 90. There ishowever,as we saidabove, no reasonfor thinking thatthe bpdpoemeasure indi fferent temples was the same.

To sumup the new evidence on the artabaavailable since the publicationofWilcken’

s Ostraka— in the Ptolemaic period the normal offic ial artabaformeasuringcornheld 36 choenices, thoughanartabaof 40 choenices isalsofound inoflicialaccounts.In leases the templemeasure of 42 choenices was oftenused. For the earlier Romanperiod the normal ofiicialartabais not yet clearlyascertained, for the use ofaav7avplrpov inP. Brit. M us. 1 25 (4thcentury does not prove that this was the offic ialstandard inprevious centuries. P. Brit. M us. 265 ,however, shows that the oldartabaeof 42and 36 choenices continued to be employed, theartabaof 42 choenices being thebpdpocmeasureat Hermopolis,and indicatesartabae of 33g} ( introduced by the Romans),

3241-3,and 31 choenices ; while for the FayumP. Fay. Towns 101

,inwhichthe

artaba87161141has raclions of afifthand tenth, probably implies the old artabaof40 choenices (cf. P. Ox y. I . 9 verso). Inthe early Byzantine period (P. Brit. M us. 1 25)the officialartabain the Thebaid seems tohave contained 32} choenices

,and there

were artabae of 42 choenices (the old 8mmmeasure, now called claoptx dv)and of

34115 choenices.m‘m[n ippan z cf. note onll. 313- 6.

392. Sun:at the normal rate of 1 artabaof seed to thearoura; of. l. 308. For thecharges for 11661141019and kooxwwr tx dv Cf. 92. 9

- 1 I,note.

398 . 38715, is the difference between135 5 (l. 383)and 1 7421

55

. The gainby theo'm'rams of the 34thyear (ll. 38 1- 3) is ignored, because it only restored the rents to thelevelof the e

’myrypappe'm81141671111 (cf. p. and these together withthe 25 1arouraeareneglected inthe totals of land c

’

v c’mcmiou ; cf. pp. 5 7 7 sqq.

399-

407 . This section, whichis restored from7 2. 408- 1 7, gives anaccount ofan increase in the rent of certain land whichpreviously brought in 22 } artabae

34 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

ayear. Inthe 3rst year the tOpogrammateus, Petos,applied for leave to lease the landcultivated by Marres,an ibis- feeder and burier of rams,’atahigher rent, producing447

11artabae,makingagainto the government of 2 1 } artabae. Theamount of the land

tnquestionwas 9} arourae. Onthis view 7pé¢or ros in l. 402 is to be connected withHer i rror ; if it is connected withMappet'ovs, thenMarres consented to pay thehigher rentwhichwas imposed by the tOpogrammateus. There seems to be somemistake in thefigures of the yearsmentioned inll. 399and 403, since the 3rst yearmust be later thanthe39th. Probably 110 should be read for M in l. 403. Themultiplication in11. 405- 6 isalso incorrect.

408—1 5 . Anoffer ofahigher rent for 8 arourae wasmade by Apollonius, whoproposed to pay 5

—3 instead of 441} artabae, the rentat whichthe landhad formerlybeen leased to Pemnas, or, ashe is called in 7 2. 420,

Penemas. For 6111p inthis sense cf. P. Par. 62. vi ii. 8. The increase took place in the 22nd year (of Philometor i),and the gain to the government was 8artabae,making withthe 2 1% inl. 407againof 29} artabae (l. Thisadded tothe 38 7155artabae inl. 398madeatotalgainof 41 7} artabae (l.

4 19—30. This, the concluding sectionof the papyrus, is restored from7 2. 428 sqq.

The totalamount of land e’mo'

ra'oet to beaccounted for (cf. 1. 349)was 261115arouraeand 1 732355} artabae. As faras l. 415 only 41 7} artabaehave beenreached (cf. p.

The remamder, includingall. thearouraeand 13 15} artabae, wasapparentlyaccounted forin ll. 419—28 , the land in question being that whichbecame unproductive before the1 2thyear of Philometor, the date whichwehavealready seen(cf. note onI. 149)was thestarting-

point inthe descriptionof unproductive land inll. 1 10—247 .

422 . arm-1600716 1011 : cf. note on84 . I 6.

426.mkéyov x evrpr'

rov : theadjective presumablymeans prickly.

’

garouracultivatedwith x ewpt

'

rqr occurs inone of the survey lists427 . éfaymyé‘

w : drains ’

; cf. note on18 . 7 .

62. LIST or OWN ERS or TEM PLE AND CLERUCH IC LAN D.

2 7 -

3 recto. 29 x 2 1 7 cm. 1 19- 8 .

The rectoof this papyrus, onthe versoofwhichthe decrees of E uergetes I I(5 ) were written, contains alist ofholders of land Indoéoet, i. e. iepd andx ltqpovxmfi,at Kerkeosiris,and crops ; cf. A pp. i. 2—

3. Thehandwriting, whichis identical withthat of 60, is for themost partahandsome semi- uncial, ex ceptthe last column

,whichis inasmall cursive. Of the first columnonlyafew

lettersat the ends of lines remain, themissing portionof ithaving probablydisappeared before the verso was used

,and towards the end the document

becomes rather fragmentary ; but the lacunae can withfew ex ceptions berestored fromthe other lists of the same character, 61. (a)and 6 8—4 . Theyear towhichthe details refer is stated inl. 27 to be the 5 rst, so the documentwas itself drawnup inthe 5 2nd cf. 62. 1and 27 with6 8 . 1and 32. A featureof this list whichdifferentiates it fromthe rest lies inthemuchabbreviated

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236 TE B TUN IS PAPYR i

abbreviationyew( whichprecedes the detailsabout themptxaiparaand 7 6

111,

is nowhere writtenout infull ; probably it represents some formof yemperpt'aor ycwperpei

‘

v. A goodmany of the entries concerning the cropshave beeninserted later,and there are severalmarginal notes inadifferenthand, butthese are generally repetitions of something in the tex t,and seemto be ofmuchthe some characteras those in61 ; cf. the introd. to that papyrus.

Col. i .

E 1009 VB, rrapd Meyx efovr xwpoypappare’cos Kepx eoot'

pecosj

[Kara(prihhov [ spas Kai xhnpovx tx fis xal rfis dhhns][7 579 iv d¢€aet 100 116109

[iepr'

i s ‘

yfis rrpa'rrmv lepoir ,5 [2015x 011 060i) peya’hov peyéhov pyaL ,]

[e’

p 6x ov.

[zox veBnimor 06017 peydOtov) peydOtov) 11116 169] air/repent

[pémr 15116 1 6V rrpoakqp¢0€vr]mv 8111[X opfimor t

’mre'wv Kai (érr-rapofipwv) pax fpaw e’

v 1611] [101

[real i t! 7 611 [1B (37 61)A, pit, 81& 1 6W] fepe'aw,

[0116(pos) yemp'

yoi] 11151-1111

[yfvovrat 1151231211: Iepo'

ir SoaL .

[devTe'

pmv fepéiv 7 6V 61! 7 61 kafiymOe]éiv,[Hereooflx ov 06017 x pox oo

’

Otov Tfis xa’1]y r)r 8131[Mappet

'

ovrml 1c [167 6w5 111011111111)

[’

Opaevori¢1os Oeoii’

Opo-

ev015¢1]os 11112 1631:

[per tixwv

Col. 11.

1B1'

01(v) rporpfis 81 E pye'

ws‘ Kai 16 1! pe(-réxaw) 8,

YGWGTpl’a), 01160109)(Trvpéit) B B.

ti }.o dtd X efiptos Kai T61V oid’

eMgbo'

Sv) e,

yedperpfa), 07 16001)

62. THE LAND SURVEY 237

IBfa1(vor) 81131 Hvegbepéiros 1 017 Her-

6171015001:mi1631: ddeM¢63v) e, yem(perpfa) y tf(ov)B foxy), 01167009

yt’

row’at {Macro-61111111) x 8”17' yemoterpfa), a! 1ré‘

(a-a1).‘

yfvovnu fepr'

i r 2qaLd’

yemouerpfa), fora/( 11611179) pvd'

q'

.

xhqpovx tx iis Tfir éflapx ofions 31119 1 06 ua(i rovs‘)(dpovpat) ’

A¢.

169 £112 1 01? rrémrov 1 017 3110111111,3456015e 1

‘

EBd’

o/tfwuor o,

7 61110167 7161)3 1 7 , (rrvpéi t) x p1(061) 6 (61101611) 1 dpéormt)wMefov)LKB

’

(1rvp651), o. (trvpéit) x p1(01'

i t)e 1 dpé(xo11)yecoooyoi) 9 631119 11112 3111671116159.

x epoegbfmrov, Har rafix ov f or? H[a]wa6x ovA813,"XB

'

yeWe-rpfa) ép 6x ov.

20. (nvp6 1)overanerasure.

Col. iii.

yfvor'mt 169 5112 1013 116111101) 7081

'

s"XB

’

, yeaiorerpfa),mopfpov o 1)1roM (-

yov) ép(Bp6x ov)hdfq'XB'.11112 7 69 £112 7 06 111117069 Bamhe’wr,

1611 81’

Kahlux pémr ¢ 1Ao£€rov 11 , yemoterpfa) B are,furoh6(yov)BLB’ te x p1(61

‘

i1)e ¢a(x 6 1)B8”, va1 01160001) (me)

£B4114116 1)1 x p1(0fi1)e 131roM ( 7 121017 61)Havo'fpts3470711150109.Kai 7 63V dya‘evfév'mv 619 Thy 9 171Ba(1'8a)dab 7 6 1!

’

A &v8p63v,

Kahhtx pdret Hrohepafov yeae rpfa),

mi 7 6311 peraBq (x 61aw) els' 7 171! e’

x 16 11 (rp1axowap06pmr)¢ vlt€am

4 1014 10101: 1 017 v pfxov W flepted qppévovP)

[[yewoterpfam flapa(8efa'aw) e’

pq'

otwv) wep t vor)XB

'

, a,

TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

x drahefwowar) 1{8 7 1 1 M 116 1) 7 101007 89)X p¢afimsx

‘

yfrowat 1111106110111 (dpovpat)p188'17'

,

e’avrapQé vm) paf8'17' adBp6x 0v

216 1711161 4 7 71171306011 811 pe(retA17¢6va1) ‘

Hpaxhet’817vTor vior 1, 7 101011151611)Haa( 01160109)

yfvovrat 1 179 6111 7 00 flarpbr'

70118897

venom). émpoem) 11 111 111111 1111 <a> 11191611111 111

37 . 07 1 of 1111011171011 0011. frommm( 43. Secondaofmfwfar fw 0011. from1.

Col. iv.

Kai 169 6112 106 d8eh¢oii 7 06 Baa-016019,007 7 1116 11 1101106110111hméwv,4 10861011 111125411o 116011 16 11 B Murfi vos

151141670011) 1 8 (5711011)013 1 8 Aombv 1017 xMfipov)r ep? for 1611 (E

yeoorerpt'a)B, 07 160109) yew-

789) 9 6 1 29.

11011 1d ? H157070011 1 8 10111811 106 xMfipov)wept 1 111’

IBfo(va)T6u yem(perpfa)Ha21( 01160109) (11117061)671601011) 11,

7 121017 81)Hemp/1017019.7 610117 111 dv8(p6 11)B (dpovpat) vL8'17' ,mopfpov a!11012 16 11 611 161ha(61 11) 8181 4 101111116011 119 7 089 xa( rofx ovr)4 10867 6 1

’ArroMaw1'ov 71 7 13011) Bo(pp6)

[[yedperpfa) 117, 1 (1111706 1)0 M 116 1)0, 11B, 1 (1111716 1) 19'

x 6fpra11) y[dPéWDO7 1] F

(111416 1) x c 1100161)0 x 6(pro11) 7 670601011) 7 , 7 101017 81)Her

1160111 09 7 00 A eow fo-x ov 11, 7 160111 706111)Haa1(07 160001) are ¢a(x 61) tax 6(prau) 8, p , 7 101007 89)

9111716 116011 7 00 5111o 116011 p , 7 121011117116 )

1101111911161 111 venues-ma) M ean)17 16017 89) 1115169.

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240 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

Col. vi.

yfvowm11117 01711011 (d'

povpa1) W))fgfi l ‘ fltoo 7 6 AB wimmw‘m)

H‘

rokepai'os‘ zaparrfmflos) 1, 7 111110111

07 60109) (111/p6 1) e M 116 1) e,

Aay6s 4 108611011 1, ye uerpfa)Hadflww o)mi npu t

01rd(pos) (1rup6 1) 1; ¢a(116 1) 8. ” fi lm;6m)? M G“)‘1

7 1110117 111 6118076 11)B (61101111111) 11.

¢vka111r6v 7 6 11 c’

v 7 6 1 [A7 ]Mx ovo-M éov 7 013 e oM [w]v{ov 1, 7 160167 11121) 8,

60109) (1mp6 1) x 6(pra>1) 7 , 7 6111007 89)Hope'ye'BOw.

M épaw 7 811 xal N( 117 061110111 1167 01140109 1,ay9(7 1010117 11121) 8, (1rup6 1), yem(pybs) [[M épaw 7 811 nail]

’

E r¢q10i3ms Hpoprabv 8117 811 111811 1, yewmerpfa) B, (1111116 1) 1

, 8, yew(pybs‘

)

7 1310117 111 6118016 11) 7 (dpovpau)A,

yfvovrm7 69 e’

1ri 7 06 d8ek(¢oi3) 7 00 Baa 11q 8.

’

11112 7 69 7 06 Baa-6 66 9, rafs 1rpoae1kq1111€vo1s119 7 0159 Karofx ovs in efs 7 6 11 818 Kpfrmvos £11 7 61 Af

102. Betweenthisand l . 103 isanerased line.

Col. vi i.

9 66 11 9 66 1109 015 7 8 Ao(11rbv) for? xMfipov)mp? érépas 11601113)A,

yemouerpfa) 9 611q ), e’

p 6x ov.

Bax x lau M0110 111011 11, 7 16016111111) W 600“)(11111161)1 e

8116016 1) 6, yew(pybs‘

)'flpos Herex 6(vros).

Mwo vfan4 10111101011 11, 7 6601157 11111)B yeWerpfa), (1rup6 1)1BL¢a(116 1)1BL KG, (1rup6 1)1BL ¢a(1161)1BL , 11. 1 1111006 1)KC M 116 1)

KG, 7 160111189)H17 11111017019.

62. THE . LA ND SURVEY 241

Hpé-rapx os 4 10111104011 11, yemomrpfa)B 1

(ma/109) (1rvp6 1) 118L 11011061) 1 61115016 1) 1; e 161110161) cL.

7 ,

7 16017 02)7 2pm“ Herea'odx ov 11112 Todofis]”flpov.

He'

pmvos 7 06 3411116 116 11 11, 7 1010167 11121)Had 7 15

(ov)B 11{07 60109) (1rup6 1) e ¢a(116 1) e, 1, 607 601011)A.

'

HA1o8a’1pa11 4 10111101011 1, 7 600167 pfd) B

‘

Hp68m' ‘

HA1o8a'1pov 11, 7 16011111121) B‘

HA1o86pw1 M111108611011 11, 7 111101151716 )Hflqvfaw Mpx lov 611

-8 7 00 (1rp61'

epov)He'

pmvos 7 09

3111116 111011 1, 11112 drrb 7 00 (117167 611011)‘HA1086pov 7 09

M qvo8a’1pov 1,mi 7 09 Xa1p1§po{vos] 7 00Kparefvov 11, 11, 7 660167 11121)B 11( (m1p6 1)1yz. 17 A

M 6000?) (11111061) 1 m414W") ‘7 1 7 2109

Col. viii .

7 1310117 011 (dpovpm) 7 11.11112 7 611 peraBq (116-ra>11) 11’s robs 1147 01110119)7 6 11 611 7 6 1 A8 (17 61) xaflahemerphpévwv,4 17111117116 1 [118] 7 10017 4061) B, Kepc tpm)

daw6pov11012 611 7 61 A; (37 11)ZoxAmrhéd‘ov 118, yewerpfaflM 011) Bo(pp6),

Hfrpaw Gamma“ 118, M 011) Bo(pp6) 1c, (1111p6 1) [[Kepx ev

(0406019) 91](111406 1) 81. dpd(116 1)8L , 118, 1 1111016 1) 10[L 8L,He pmzns.

Zx ovo'dléau 2016 011168011 1, 7 1601157 11111)e ov) Bo(pp6),(”amen(111110631) -

1 8.moves)«1116s;11117 01116 11 (dpovpm) vB.

€¢68aw 7 6 11 811 7 61 A8

242 TEBTUN IS P4PYR I

Marta-11141] Hre pafov Hfe pai‘ov7 8v 114611] 118, 7 101016171121)

f’

flflpl6x 01vl17e d 118, yedperpfa) B

M W) Bows?» (710106 1) N 95046 1) 9'

sV] “ 1 151 6 60011) d11m“) 7 1

yedpybs).

yfvowm B (dpwpm)111112 7 179 xarapeperpqméms) refs 81& X opfimos611 7 6 1 11a(37 61) 111711 801,

Above 1. 138 isanerasedmarginal note 050901)N 146. “an"6 enclosed inround brackets.

Col. ix .

(rmaxowapo paw), Hpu[6]f e¢ ¢ [aefi‘

ros 05 7 8 Ao(11r811) 7 06 11A(1ipou)TeB‘

rKVw)(dpovpm) e, yeaiperpt'a)

(eixoampofipmv),mosh-61111 61 10,

fiedperpfa)E rma 3411p1o

-(ov 811 X opfivw 7 811 111811 10,

a~1r6(pas)m1(p6 1)01. M 116 1)0[L , yedpyds)KegbaAa-n Heb

-

ecofix ov 10, 7 660167 11111) e M 1161) B,

‘

A”1415

061 111-e 11111011 10,

Te[6'

r1 Te6-ros Tb Ao(11rbr1) 7 00 11A(1$pov)mp! TeB1

7 54 107 39) ]01

[31111111517 61 fiarpefovs 10, flee e ov)Baoopd),1

”

Opena? rd Ao(11rbv) 7 00 11A(1§pov) su p? Teq mfi]l 1

[7 610117 111 611801611) 17 (dpovpm)p11.

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244 TBE TUNIS PAPYRI

{ 11107 0011 9 111107 09}M ed

-10 067 1111

'

.flpov 0L , 7 1100117 7010)M 011) Bo(pp6),07760109) 7 10101709) 0

fiaefinflZoi ‘“20111149] 7 L , 7 1100117 1110)M 011)Bo(pp6), 00 60109) (11111161) 7 L

15017611011 7 , 7 10100709) M 1’

Aa9.9 07 1? Q0A1§11109 s

'

L , 7 1100117 1110) B0(pp6),«1 110 1011161 7 1110101 1) 1 111 . 7 60007 39)«1160

”

12pm2111110150109 0L , 7 1010117 11121)Ham(07760109) (1n1p6 1), 7 10101709) 9 07 1159.

'

1170111150 11 201101160 109 Ham(0776009) (1111p6 1), 7 101017 89) X 19p19 X 16p109.

T16 7 1 T167 09 q'

L , 7 1010117 pfa) 7111011)01760109) 7 101017 69) 01K7 69)

N 1117 11111'

B1”1211011 5 1 , 7 110011770101) 7 1

7(ov)B0(pp6),01 160 0» (1111106 1) [111 11111 1111 1. w eaves) 1 1111.

[H6]019 111011189) K[a]Aa1-67 109 07 160009) (m1p61), 71101007 09) Map[101171 1

C01. 1111.

no [Ké07 ]0p1 H11e¢cp67a9 6 1 , “141117 1110”7 4011)Bo(pp6),01760109) (1711116 1) 1L M 116 1) 11, 7 101007 39)7 21109.

[3111157 ]x 11 H06p109 7 1010117 11111) ynxov)

K0AA015011 ”12p[0]11 0L , 7 1010117 11101) B, 60176p011.'

TAA101 Hé17 0[9 s'

L , 7 1100117 pfa) y1f(o11)(1711116 1) 8L 870401101)B, 7 101017 09)7 21109.

114017 1 111(ycfA011)KaAarfir1o[9 7 1010117 11111)34111110 1159.

3170111015011 [7 2170011 711010117 1110) 8,dovr6p011

K0AA01501[1] 1117 0040109 qL , y 101(;117 pfa)7 1 6009)1. 1181 114mmmamas)aux

1117 170110601“ 0L , 7 1010117 1110)eau)Bo(pp6),01760109) 7 10160709) 17 0170117 69.

62. THE LAND SURVEY 245

1411015111 1 11111611109 7 L , y100117 pfa)e cu)6(p09) (1111116 1) 7 dpd(110)1) 011 8 , 7 10017109)'

Op01tov9.

31110151111 [N ]1¢vdx011 q'

L ,

[0116(p09) (m1p61)] 7 1. 16110161) c L dp6(110>1)a[L , 7 10007 59)’

Op0]ii9’

Op0e{0119.

Col. x iii.

7 1110117 111 61180016111) A (dpovpcu) p41.

7 610117 01 7 fi9 7 6 1 1111 (17 11) (dpovpm) 7 11.11112 r 1

'

i[9] 111 7 61 11B341111167 11 31111167 011 711100117 1110)Haw(

0116(po9) 7 101007 89)X 16p11 Zox érov 7 10101117 1110)B,(1111p6 1) 7 L 7 , 7 1111017 69)

"12pm’

Op0111015¢1m9 G‘

L , 7 1010117 pfa) 7 13(o11)Bc(pp6),01160009) (1111116 1) 1 ¢a(1161)aL , 7 101007189)

114017 1 2011011611109 [as-

L , 7 1010117 70101) yfi(ov)] B0(pp6),01160109) ¢a1161, 7 101(pyb9)

7 1110117 01 6118016 11) 8 (dpovpm)7 610117 111 7 029 816 X 0p 1§11109 7 1101.

11112 7 179 111 7 6 1 111, 7 029 7 fi[9'

Hpa11A1 [8011111111809 1117 011111q 011x 1771[1

'

11019 6110 7 611 (11p67 1p011)81

’

7 211011 11112 111001511109 0p00A1711¢[01’

117m1119 7 611 pax fpwv 0f9 1102

37 1101d H]7 0A111¢ ?09 11112 3 1110111 [01 ypappa7 129 7 6 11 pax fpaw ¢1

'

p1111 11110 X 07”?

11109 A[a]ap av, (émapoflpmv),M107 00157 11109

[1 116000 )1 7 610007 59)

254. anof 11100v 3 overanerasure.

TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

Col. x iv.

H7 0A17101’

011 211106109 [7 ]b Adm-by) 7 06"Apem9 1116011711) 7 , 7 1010117 1160) yqov)

0L ,

7 101007 39) ]9."12706 1 1100111109 7 ]L , 7 101(1117 p60)eau)

01160009) (7 6000136)11101

5

011 H0x 6 7 09 [7 4 ] 7 11110117 1160) y6(011) Bo(pp6),01160109) (1rup61) 7 L 49411011) 7 , [H

H006 7 1 Q0111§0109 7 1010117 7060)B,0116(p09) 160016 1) 1L 011601011) 0, 7 1007 69)

$ 0069 1117 1170109 [q'

L , 7 1010117 7160) 01160109)

7 1111017109)flip/1117019 I I 17 10015x 011 0L , yemfperpfa) 8,

07 16(p09) (1111706 1) 1L 0, 7 101607 69) tux110069 111017069) (601160109

.

7 L , 01160009) 7 101007 89)

201101161119 174017 09 G'

L , 7 1010117 1160) 7 4011) B,01160109) 7 101007 01) [H17 ]10017x 09.

7 L , 7 160117 7010) y1f(ov) B,7 1600 170011) 7 L , 7 101007 69)M17 x fi9.

[H17 1]0017x 09 H1 7 1[0]015x o11 7 L , 7 1010117 7060) yflov) B,01160109) (1111p6 1) B 8L , 7 1007 69) [H17 10]00x 09 M dpawo9.

[’

O]p0 ii9 2 700111160109 0L , 71101011 7 1160) 8,

01160109) 1L 111A0(1101'

011) 0 , 7 10100709)

[yflvowat 111181100) 1B (11700117001) 08L .

161101 7 179 810 X op riv109 (0700151109) v11L .

367. apa(xo1)corr. fromM 110 1)(P) 283. 1. 11187160 ; cf. 68 . 70.

C01. x v.

1102 7 929 [810 H]7 0A11101’

ov 1102 EéVQ VOS‘ ,

[Mappei‘

H01i 1r]109 7 11110117 7160) y15(011)01160009) (mac). 7 641007 39)

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248 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

[IIIA0]

[1’a1r]0ppéms 111 7 651 [v (17 11)

m010180e

t fld’

ll. 3ro- z over erasure.

Col. x vn.

0176 (dpovpdiv)'

A41 [Rex/ms) oLd'335 Wokq'

yov) 1x 7 3: 11100010109) 11501 15"

1'

1pé'

s yfis‘

[f qaLd'

KMflpot/x tm'ir) [14¢1md’1'r;'XB’

1’avrap011vqs)

1’a1r0p011vqs)

6. That the land of Suchus was not cultivated canbe inferred from1. 26, where theamount of it is omitted intheaccount of the landactually sown. For e

’

pfipéxov cf. 68 . 5 ;asamatter of fact soarouraewhichformedacrapdbewos or elm-d os (cf. 64 . (a)2 were barren,and only the remaining 1 2n} arourae were flooded ; but this fact was no oubt omi ttedhereas in68 . 5 . In’

GO. 9 the land of Suchus is said to be x e'ptros.z 1 .may : se. ifiiawos (cf. 64 . (a)x c - r),minor (sc . 7 po¢ iis)being treatedasanominative

singular instead ofagenitive plural. The declensionof the vi llage called '

Ific'

¢w probablycontributed to the use of this curious form.

24. ioo(v cf. 82, 88 and 8 5 . Themeaning is that the result of the lasthad beentos ow that theareawas the sameas inthat givenby the previous one.

pa(57 11)1113 (37 61)

me»TM

[115 3

11; (57 11)117 001110500) 05 L0]

[117 0x (1xhqpovx qpévmv)so]q .

008.

62. THE LAND SURVEY 249

28 . theaccurate figuresare r58 1§§arourae ; cf. 1. 327 and p. 545 . For theomissionof the numbers below roo cf. 69 . 7 .

3 1 . yea-(mph)eq ’

: this perhapsmeans that the 70arourae owned by Aphthonetusonbeingmeasured came outas 663. Why the details of the crop were giventwice over(cf. ll. 41—2) is obscure. The number ofarourae sownwithwheat was never insertedinthe first list. Inthe second thearouraeadd up to 70, not 663, whichhas no influenceuponthe totals giveninl. 47 .

34. x epmtflrmov : cf. p. 5 50.

39. Hermaphilus was probably 6 rrpos 7 61mmvifa7 6011 1107 051100 1171750 0 Cf. 80. 6.

4a. 111 : sc .arourae. Apparently these 05 arourae, whichare subdivided into z§uncultivated, I 5 wheat, 5 barley,and 25 lentils, were inonempixopaor 76119, and therest, 5 1 4,all sownwithwheat, somewhere else. For the double statement of the cropcf. 1. 31 . Of the land owned by Callicrates 4 arouraehad beenwronglyassigned tothe first holder (probablyhis father Philox enus)fromthe 07 6711110: yi

‘

; instead of the x e’poos ;cf. 61. (6)239.

43-

4. 7 3 11arc cf. 7 9 . 69and p. 547 .

47 . (7pmovraporfopov)coking : cf. P. Petrie I I . 38. (a)7and p. 549.

48. M pnepuaqppe’vov): ‘ included ’

; cf. 81. 30, 84 . 9, 1 7 , &c. 53arourawastakenup byashrine to Isis, g byagardenwhichcontained nothing taxable, and 5

15

by' pigeon houses (cf. 84. 9)whichwere also not being used. The r arourathusaccounted for is entered inl. 5 2 under the head of q ( whichis perhaps to be

ex panded Dionysius' land became xardx tpoc by theand year of the nex t reign;

cf. 64 . b 32 .

5 152The total for the catoeci, r 143arourae, includes only the c leruchs whose holdings

belong to Epiphanes’reign. Aphthonetus, whose holding dated fromPhilopator, is not

here calledacatoecus (cf. p. thoughhe is elsewhere treatedas such ; cf. 60. so,where the totalof the xdrou ot includeshis land. The totals of the imapm'minll. 5 2and56 however include the 70arourae tnropt

'

pov owned by Aphthonetus.5 6. a)before dfipdxov is supplied from1. 5a.6o.

'

odotusand Apollonius, sons of M icion, each owned 5115arourae ; cf. 68 . 53—6.

The writer hereat first treated themas if they were one personowning rogarourae ; cf.1. 6r 06and l. 66 W ”)8, whichshould strictly be rmand y. The insertionof l. 60 indicated the correct distributionof them5arourae.

74. The 18arourae were divided into to of wheat, 3 of lentils,and 5 ofaracus, thefigure for the wheat beingaltered to 25and that for the lentils to 10 inorder tomakeup the whole 40. Whence the writer derived theseadditional 22 arourae is not clear ;cf. ll. 4o—r. Perhaps I. 78, which was insertedat the bottomandafterwards bracketed,refers to this land of Ammonius.

79. Zenodorus (the father of Bromerus)had received 3arourae of ndpqminsteadof x c

'

prms ; Cf. 61. (6)240.

84. Apollodorus was inthe same positionas Zenodorus withregard to 4oarouraeout ofhis 60 ; cf. 61. (b)241 .

9r. This Asc lepiades is the individual whose promotionto the rank of 16701110: is thesubject of the correspondence in82.

95.’

A[prdBa: Artabas,Artabazasand Artabazusare foundas thenameof this e’pqpocpéxafwhohad becomeax érouros ; cf. 84 . (a)33, 65 . 1 7 , note,and 8 5 . 77.

97.'

0pov : cf. 61. (b) 7 , wherehe is placed inaclass by himself becausehehad received 006711710: instead of x 5p0'os,andhad to payayear’

s rent. His positiondiffered fromthat ofCallicrates, Zenodorus,and Apollodorus (cf.notesonll . 4o, 79,andwhoappear inadifi'

erent part of 61. cf. p. 568 .

TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

99. [7 L8 : the correct total for the 1167 011101 who dated fromPhilometor’

s reignis 37 8

-5 17has beenomitted here.

no. Cf. 61. a) 39—4 1and note. Themarginal adscript aim( is the sameasthat found in84 . (a63, 99, &c. ; but the resolutionM W »)which sui ts those passagesis notappropriate here, for insubsequent years whenMaronhad becomea116mm:andhafmdpovposhe is still found owning these roarourae inadditionto 15more which weregiventohim.

137 . Perhaps 67060101) ontheanalogy of xdpros 110716 11, onwhich see 60. 8a, 'note.There is roomforanother line below this one, but probably the space was blank.

141 . Amnmrioc cf. 61. (b)261 .

1 80. Cf. note on61. (a67.294. 7 (fu r) is restored from61. (a)1 28. 88 . 2 1 5has 110 (Im), but incorrectly ; cf.

66 . 20 - 5 .

307 . Fromthe totals in the nex t column(cf. note on11. 325- 7) it is clear that thebmipovpm716x 101» inthis year were one inex cess of their number insucceeding years,andthere is noplace where the ex traindividual canbe put ex cept here, since up to this pointthe list of péxcpminthis document,as is shownby the totals,agrees numerically with theparallel lists in61. (a)and 68 . Moreover the error in61. (a) 14a, where the total landowned by the Xopmsol is said to be 454} arourae, but only 448 have beenaccounted for,occurs preciselyat the conclusionof the passage corresponding to this one. The key' isprovided by 61. (6) r 15 , where 61} arourae, formerly owned by Psenesis sonof Psenesisbut confiscated,are returned inthe list of Crownlands which were unproductive owingto their beingflooded. There canbe l ittle doubt that this Psenesis, whose name naturallyis not found in later lists of cleruchs, was the personmentioned here. This is confirmedby 84. 168, where the d fipmof Psenesis sonofPsenesis ismentioned inaland-survey,andby 66 . 2 5 which shows that there were 7maltmk lpoux qpbmoriginally, so that one of themmust have losthis holding before Psenesis.

3msqq. This columnand the nex t give asummary of totals similar to thosefound inthe first three columns of 60. Lines 3ro—4 give theamounts of the ups315- 28 those for the cleruchic land. The writer apparentlyhad originally classifiedthe c leruchs not only according to reigns butaccording to their standing, as is donein00. so sqq. ; but, dissatisfied with this,he erased the list of 1167 101001

,Ipqpodréaam, &c.,

giving howeveranew list of the and : and e’

w épovpm7111x 4101. Lines 329-

33 seemto have beenconcerned with the Baa-d un) 76, for the total in l. 333agrees, so faras itis preserved, with the total of the 8001x003 that was sown in the 5and yw (cf. 61. (a)1 78and 67 . Lines 334 sqq. are part ofasummaryaccount of the wholeamof

the village like that in61. (0)1 5 7—8 .

31 1-

3. For the figures cf. 11. 5 , 10and 25 . (206x 011)is restored from60. 9.

317 . Cf. l. 1 1 5 .

318 . The corresponding total inl. 309 is lost, but themissing figure canbe obtainedin two ways, first by subtracting the totals of the 7 1)and those in11. 315—7 fromthe total of the exqpoux ua’; in l. 31 7 (which thoughpartlymuti lated canitself be restoredby subtracting the total of the lcpd yr“; fromthe joint total inl. and secondly by theadditionof the several items inll. 1 16—328, theareaowned by the 116mmbeing 402arourae ( l. that by impai ring“ ( l. 1 5 7) 48 ,and that by the 11717139and e

'mépovpmpéx tpm474 (l. 328, cf. note on1.

33 2. cf. 1. a5o. The total of these three items is given correctly in thenex t lineas 34r.

324. [obL z cf. 1. 283.

325—7. Cf. 61. (a) 107 . It is clear that 5 85 in l. 32 7 is

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TEB TUNIS PA PYR I

207101716 11 207101716 1109 011 1147 1t 61) X 01p1§p6 v

Zaxhqma’dov h,1117 11110150179 I11 7 1006x ov 1

1117 1000x 09 1117 1w1117 1111106019 1117 1150109 7 ,

Mapp?9 7 017 1007 09 0170 7 159 810 1117 10015x 011 fl1102

0170 7 69 810 1117 117106000 L , flL ,e’

flfipflxw) 1114 4 .

Z0110137 611109 0100 1117 1000 peyéhw 810 7 6 11 117056 11

0170 7 69 01111116 7151 1” 0170 7 611 17p00h1711¢01117 6 11810 X 0p611109 111171001 1102 (111

-

7 07106716 11) 110x 176 ” 511 7 61 110

1102 511 7 6 1 03 (57 11)A, pk, l 0176(pos)(17 11716 1) 17 1 M 61)00110016 1)1, 600606 1) 111 ,

pk , 7 16007 01) I117 0[1ri]p19 347011016109 110201p€ 7 0x 01).

(WPO’

WOV) i1p6r1 2004 .

11716 11 7 6 11 111 761 11671171 016 11,

[I117 10015x 011 x pox oafltov 7 179 1160179 810Mappet'ovs[1102 7 6 11 017 6x 6 11] 001767100

10. l. 611 for 611. 20. 1. 1171716 0.

Col. 11.

0 710111066109 0100 81’ ’

Op011106¢109 1102 7 611 0017670011 0.

1516 11 7 7004169 81’

1102 7 611 [l f(T6XOV) 571fip6(x ov) 8.

N ov (810) X 1671109 1102 7 6 11 081M¢6 11)0017670011 1.

N ov 810 I1v1¢1p6 7 09 1102 7 6 11 081M¢6w)0017670011

Q u a-6116 11 lep6s (0710117101)21104 ?

xhqpovx 11rfi9 7 539 1'

1170px 060179 56 9 7 06 0

7 69 1172 7 06 17p0170’

171rov 7 06

(éfidopqxowapoflmv), 9160011157 011 7 00'

Efidop (6 1109 0, 1 01760109) (1 11706 1)

11 0710016 1) A, 11,

35 1100x07 00)0M1v(pf009) x , ym(py09) 1117 171110601: 7110117109)3 111111156 9.(7 p10x o117 0p06p6 11)I100110]6x 011 7 06 11awafixov x 5(p¢rov)

709 1172 7 013 17706 70111700

63. THE LAND SURVEY 253

7 69 5172 7 00 1701717011 7 00 300 1056 9, 7 6 11 01’ ‘

E p/mwkov,K00h1xpé7 ov 7 011 {5 1005511011 17 , 1 01760109) (1711p61)

11 0116016 1) 1 6001306 1) 11 x p1(01"

i1) 1,

111, 00011601011) A1, 7 16017 01) 7 27009 1102 1117 11171013019.

1102 7 611 dvafwféwmv 119 9 17301180] 0170 7 6 11'

A 0110716 11,

Kat pérns 117 0011105011 éfip6x 0111102 7 6 11 peflamefiqx fiaw 119 7011 x 07 [0]1x [011 5K 7 611 (7 p10x 0117 0p015p6 11)

(011056 9,

4 10111101011 I1vppfx ov 01760009)(1711706 1) 7 ¢01t(6 1)7 6006016 1)11 »

51131167100 7116007109)141111117 1159.

1101-

[of]116 11

7 002100146 1109 [1, 01760109)M 1161), 7 601037 09)

[709 5172] 7 00 174111117011 px 88

'

17'

.

Col. i ii .

7 69 5172 7 00 00171606 7 06 1707 p09 7 00 60017156 9,

[011y7 1]116 11 1107 01116 11,

[A1006]7 011 7 06 M11116 1109 00 70 710117011 7 017 1101501011) 17 1pl 7011’

I661010)7 6 11 (E lx 00117 1117 0p015p6 11)07870671011

7 09M11116 1109 007000017011)7 00 110600011)17 17027011

7 6 11

(E 111100117 17 7 0v )0781161011

[111401w 7 0011157171011 007 0A0(117011)7 013 1171170000)17 11127011 7 516 110 7 611

(E lx o0117 1v7 0p015

p6 11) 11, 1 01760109) (17111161) 11 07111016 1) 11, A,

15110060011) 1, 7 60001131)Mam“ ?0118706 11 7

511 7 6 1ha(57 11) 810 4 10111101011 149] 7 009 1147 01710119)

[A 10]067 011 7 06 34170006 11500 11, 1 01760109) (1711716 1) 11 M 6 1) 1,

[K1

7 16017 09)7 27009‘flpov.

254 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

[A 50]117 09 7 00 1110117 101100 11, 1 01760109) 16 M K“) 6

7 16 717 09 01K7 69). { 0117 69 }

[Hv t’

ov 7 06 MWOM G WC'

OI} 011 047 11017657 01)3171116111011 7 0110

111011, 71, l 071

'6p09 17 11016 1) 11 ¢d( x 61) 1 0700016 1) 1 , 111, 11170060011)5p 6(xov) 11 , 7 16 (p709) 007 69.

4 671011 7 011 1117 101011 711.

7 06 2 171100611011 11, 1 01760109)(17vp6 1)11 0710016 1)1 M 6 1)1

7 15011 1, A, 11170060011) épfipdx ov) 1, 7 16007 09)¢ 06019 1117 001'

p199.

a’r10‘p6 11 1 (dpovpcu)Z.

511 7 6 1 A0

200M 006pov 7 06 117 0017105011 f, 1 0 1760109) (1n1p6 1) 111 ,

1,

11. 11110160011) 3113141101) 1 . 7 6001139)91011111161

7117 078178171167 6 11 11’

s 7011 1147 01111011) 55 56606 11,2 170006 111011 117 0A17101

’

00 011 7147 1107657 01) 117 6 61101011 7011 111011

[0017671011] 110.

[3 0110170 10000 7 06] 117 0011105011 001761100 110.

l 5 15116 1)3] (1511001001)1111

[ 55

[311707030 7 00 110117 015x 011] 001767000 1.

Col. iv.

117 6 117101011 7 06 e ohhawfov 01110 7 00 (17p67 1p011)N 1117 11153101: 7 00”01011 411116114011] 51

7 1110117 01 1107 05116 11 (4110117101)5p17710¢uhd116 11 7 611 511 7 61 AB117 0041101011 7 00 207101716 1109] 5pfip6x [011 1.

1107 011 4 108671011 0017671011 1.

41816 1 18 (410111111) 1

611001117 6 11 7 611 511

7 013 3417o 115011 1, 1 01760009) (17117161) 7 6001500 1) 8,

[511510600107 . 7 601017 59) 1115169)

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256 7 153 7 11l PAPYRI

20110017 10800 7 017 20001117 10800 118, 11020170 7 017

(17p67 1p011) 1100511011109 7 017 3114101115011 1, 08,

(17 141651) 18 1, 118, 5pfip6(x ov) 1, 7 101017 09) 0157 69.

['

A110]11010éov 7 017 1401101117 108ov d0176p0v 1.

3 (411011101 1) £11170p0111xa1p1);15110 11 7 0B (57 09) 111707 6 11 511 7 017 11707 11100 0oy 1(0po1

’

i)

[11070] ”100107 1011010'

O11110'

1¢p1o9 7 00 7 01707 110111107 5009 x p6(1109) (57 0119)flT6181

[A ]18vpdpxa11 341700000111'0v 7 017 (17p67 1pov) 11570111109 7 017 9 5011109

5¢68ou 1117 018118110167 09) 119 7011 1100-

01115011) 0’

0176p011 118.

[1102 7 6 11 ¢11001117 6 11 7 6311 511 7 6 1 07

[M épkwo9 7 017 A 1011110fov 00176p011 111.

1107 0610111 (dpovp01)mfi.

[5¢68]a111 7 611 511 7 031 08

7 06 M105011011 5pfip6x ov 118.

[3117 ]o000111{0v 7 00 117 0011105011 118, 1 01760109) 111/(pan) tfi y ,

11 , 5pfip6x 0v 0, 7 101017 09) 0157 69.

0118116 11 3 (dpovp01)

[1102 7 ]1'

i9 1107 01111117 111711511119 7 079 810 X 0p 1$111o9

[511] 7 6 1 pa(57 11) 11717 1601 1102 (5177 0p015p019)pax fpaw,311111157 179 013] 0o(117011) 7 06

T1BT1’

J( 11111) 1 ,01760109) 7 10100709) 01K7 69).

Ian-

5 . These lines inserted later. 135 . l. pax lpm.

Col. vi.

(11110010p015pmv), 1117 16019 110017 09 10, 1 (1114161) 1 6"

M kfil) 7 .

7 101007 09) 0137 69.'

114011113019 117 001110500 0017611011 10.

911110105011 141151105011 011 X opfivw 7011 111011 10,

M 1 6 1) 711100130101) 0157 69.

63. THE LAND SURVEY 25 7

K 1¢0009 1117 10015x 011 0017611011 10.

T1639 T1657 ” 015 7000017011) 7 017 1101501011) Tefi7 i‘

( 11111) 11 , 01760109)

WWW ) ( 4 . 7 600139)Mappfir.¢ 115p019

"12pm: 015 7000(1170v) 7 017 1101500011) Tefin‘

Kmv) 1 , 07760109)

7 101017 09)

p 19019 ¢a7 p1iau9 0017640011 10.

0118516 11 1; (dpavpm) p11.(4111 111061111) 1111x010 1 .H0p1

'

y1'

fio19 541715yx 1[0]9 q t , 1 (171111651) 8L fl, y 1m(py09) 0157 69.‘flpov 0L , 1 (17 140631)7 L 16001631)0L 0L , 7 10017 09)0157 69.

7 21109 9 07 0117 06011 1 (1711116 1) 8L 5 , 7 10101109) [0157 69.‘

Ap u 1117 0041109 (171111631) 84 dpé(11011) B, [yem(py09) 0157 69.[211110631119

‘

Ap¢01$01o9 q'

L , (17vp631) 8L B, [y 1m(py09) 0157 69.

[K0]1169 1117 0041109 [d01r6pa11 0L .

[3411007 1119 000 0L .

p1(11p09)Ko0001500v 05077611011‘

Ap4113019 Ko000150011 0L , 1 (17vp6‘

11) 7 L dpdomu) B 16001631) 0 ,

0157 69.

H17 1000x 09 T000110119 01760109) 7 10100709) 0157 69.'

!2p09 ¢ 076p1o9 0L , (111111631) 7 1. y , 7 101(py09) 0157 69.

¢ 07 pfi9 7 211011 0L , (1rup6 1) yL 41001501111) 7 , 7 101(p‘

y09) 0157 69.

M 107 0007 1119 01760009) 0157 69.

¢ 0109 20115019 (1rup6 1) 7 L M 116 1) y, 0157 69.

9 07 109 ¢ 001ip109 q'

L , 7 L 4100 150011) 7 , 7 10100709) 0157 69.

140. l. ’

A11p101111'

A11p101011.

Col. v u.

2nd hand '

Ap¢01$0109 G‘

L 15077611011.

165 p 10019 20110111617 109 5 1 , 1 (1711110711) 7 1. 7 , 7 11001709)T1619 T16 7 09 0L , 07760109) ¢a01i0m1, 7 10101709)116019 p1(11p09) K0007 157 109 7 L , M 1161) fi 7 1001709)

258 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

N 1117 11111819 7 2110111,- L , (7114116 1) 8 11100150011)fiL , 7 101017 39) 015069)

o fipw N 1117 11165 109 g i. , M 116 1)BL 6p6(11011)fl1600150011)6, 7 101007 39)

1 70 Hwfiyxw 6017611011.

K0M 0150179”npau [1,- L ] 60176p011.

116019 1110109)K0A0[7 157 109 7 L , 1 )0 1L ,

”ap[w G'

L

11617 09 { L1 7 5 [KaMk0150119 1117 0060109 7 1.

[’

Ow 6¢p19 1117 111001501” 9 1

[54110171119 11111611109 7 L

[5411001119 N 1¢véx011 17 1.

[7 6110117 01 6118006111) A (dpovp01) pq1.]180 [ylvov7 01 7 69 111 7 6 1 pa(17 11) (6110111101)wt hand 1102 7 559 111 7 61 pfi

311mm: z pvasrw s-

L. cram)mm.)mm» «10611X 10p19 20x 67 0v qL , 8L] M 1161)fl, 7 101017 69) 01K7 69).7 21109

’

Op01v015¢109 7 L , [1 L, y1m(pyb9)185 116019 5 011011617 109 7 L , [1 7 L )y , 7 101(,0yb9)a15(r69).

6118016 11) 8 (dpovp01) [119 .

[yfvolwm769 816 X 0m§111o[9] (611014001)1102 7 69 111 7 6 1 p? (17 11) 7 029 7 179] 111016809)x 1q p011x 1111111019 61116] 7 611 (171167 111011) 81

' ‘npau190 1110015p109 119 7 9111

Col. vii i.

7 6 11 pax l/mw 015117 06111 069 1102 ye’

yp0411v

1170Aq 101'

09 1102 Eévaw 01'

7 110111107 119 7 6 11

p0x (1’

paw) (111301111 6173 7 1)v X [o]116v109 Acapx lav,(117 7 0p015pa1v) pax fpaw,

’

Ow 6¢p19 M107 0015711109 1 611601011) 7 L M 116 1) 3

1160007 39)117 0A1p02

'

09 211101019 015 7 6 Adm-611) 7 00 xMfipov) 17 1pl [PAM]14111019 1103011111) 7 , 01760109) (1rup61), 7 1007 39)

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TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

34704119119 5 7 117861011 q ,

(11111651) 1L xflpfw) 7 1 1 601007 39) MM ?)S7 1d1d11ou 7 L 60[176p011.

6116006 11) 1 (6110111101)ABL .

2 2 1 . This line overanerasure.

7 . ( 117 11161761 : for the commonprac ticeat this period of inserting 7 betweenashortvowelandalong vowel or diphthong, cf. e. g.

‘

Apmyfiomin the nex t line, and 26 . 1 zE iryepyénbt, 8 8 . 16 and see G . M eyer, Gr ier/1. Gramm. (3rd 2 18.

8 .

'0p09 Cf. 7 3 . 31 , note.

18 . After l1p1'a111 141adds 11011113

, i. e. 001115.2 5 . [D17 10o6x 011 Geo}? 111101111l t the name is preserved in1141 ; cf. 84. 1 1 1 .

34. 611411011) cf. 01. (a)191 , 07 . 23.

45 . 17 : one of the figures of the three itemsmust be wrong, since they add upto 14, not 13.

94. 428; arourae is the same numberas that in62. 1 1 5 , buthere it should be1o less, since themarourae owned by Maron sonof Dionysius (62. 1 10)areaccountedfor intheassignments of the nex t reign cf. 1. 1 28, note.

1o7 . [x c'

poov] is supplied from141, where Atow 01'

011 isalso correctly given in placeof

‘

HAwae'opovhere ; cf. 61. (a)34.

109. For the restorationof thearourae owned by Leptines cf. 61. (a) 1 5 .

1 2 2- 5 . The q parwpéc of Onn0phris and other letters dealing withthe transferare preserved in80. Owing to theambiguity of 111 it is not clear whether 7 01? lab-m6)koyc(0poi3)indicates the fact that Petronwasa11111115: or that by the 110,110,16p he ceasedto be one ; cf. p. 5 56.

1 28 . The total, is 10more thanthat in 62. 1 50, owing to themarourae ofMaron( l. 1 27)being included ; cf. note onI. 94.

169. 00715111: N 1117 1vt'

B109 : this person takes the place of Castor sonof Pnepheros,who is found inthe s2ud year (61. (a)

2 1 5 . 110 (8m): the sothaccording to 61. (a)1 28 cf. note on66 . 23.

2 2 2. [ 10617 19 1117 1611119 : cf. note on61. (0)137 .

64 . R EPORT ON THE caops AT KERKEOSIRIS.

15 -4+ 1 7 oto. Height 27 cm. 1 16—5 .

This fragmentary papyrus contained adetailed report on the crops of

Kerkeosiris similar to 61 and written inthe samehand, but two years laterindate. Of the portiondealing withland 111 6411011, all the columnsaremore or less preserved ex cept the first ; we print themore complete partsof nine of these, omitting the list of the 111-7 6110117101 pdx tpotat the end , whichsupplies no new information. S ince the papyrus deals withthe same year

64. THE LAND SURVEY 26 1

as 6 8 , the 54th(of E uergetes)whichthe wt (of Soter I I),agreatmanyof the lacunae canbe supplied fromthat document, whichwas drawnup later inthe 2nd year than64 and was very likely based upon it. The special interestof this list is that the details concerning the cleruchs, like those in 61. (a),aremuchfuller thanthose in 62 and 6 8 and toalarge ex tentmake goodthe loss of the early part of 61. (a). It isalso remarkable foranumber ofmarginal notes inadifferent andmuchsmallerhand, chiefly dealing withcases where theholdings were for various reasons indanger of confiscation.

The sectionof 64 corresponding to 61. (a)149 sqq. is wholly lost, but thereare somemuchmutilated sheets corresponding to parts of 61. (6)and 72. M ost

of these are too fragmentary to be worthprinting, espec ially as they are inthemainidenticalwithone or bothof those two documents ; but we give belowthe tex t of the sectiondealing withthe xardxmot 11161101, whichgoes far to

restore the correspondingandhardly lessmutilated section in7 2. The otherfragments of 64 . (6) occasionally serve to fill up lacunae in and 7 2 ,

and the restorations derived fromit,as wellas the differences between64 . (6)and 61. (6)and 72,are noted in the commentary on those two papyri.

(0) Col. i .

1711169 7 69° 5 015x 011 0106 peyéhov 0117011011 pyaL ,

7 0157 0111 6711791011 1111714011 11,

017 001611011 1p 6x 011 [p1108'

,

611 107 1111

”npau 7 00 1411017160109 1102 017 6x 0111 11 ,

111 ,

Col. 11.

[816 M0pp]11'

0119 110[l 7 6 11 1.te7 6xa111.01017 81

'

00176p011 0.

[IB1’

0111] 7 7009569 81’

11.1Bp6x 011 8.

[6M ]011 lB1’

011109 810 11[v1¢1p6 7 09 1102 7 6 11 681A(¢6 11) 6017601011)1’

B1’

011109 810 X 115p109 [6017670011

yf[110]117 01

p011x 11169 [7 69 15

]170px 015[0179 (dpovp01)611 107 111 7 179 1019 118 1102 0 (17 0119)

262 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

7 179 1172 7 017 177001760 1700 [7 013]3495001167 011 700

‘

EB80116011109] 0, 0176(p09)(1711p61)11.

[épé(11e11) x 0( 7 0111111111711111011)] A, 11, 0A1w(p1'

809) 11,

[7 101117 09 1117 1111100019 111011109)1411111111019]

[(7 p10110117 0p015p0111) x 1p01¢f1r170111 110117 015x 011 7 015] 110117 015x 011 x 1’

(p0011)1815

1

11732

[7 6110117 01 9 1172 7 00 1711017017000] (6110111101) [p]81'

q

Col. i ii.1111010 0110 1 .

[4 qbtnrpfov 7 09 [5 11A]011{011109 811 S 1X1711011 7011 111011 1101

[17 ]0p0 7 01511011]‘

Hpaxh11’81711 7 011 111011 11, 0176(p09) 7 10100709)’

O11116¢p19.

7 6110117 01 7 011 17617 17011 (6110111101)

[1102 7 179 1172 686 111017 7 01) 1ra7 p09 7 01) B00 1A1019, 01111

7 111611

1171710111,

[4 10867 011] 7 00 M 1111'

011109 015 70A0111'011 1110501010] 17 1pi 6M 09 1160109)6Bp6x 011

It 6 11

[’

A170M 0111]f011 7 00 M1111011109 06 70 11000011) 7 017 1011500011) [17 1112 6M ]091160109) 6Bp6x 011

1115pp011 117 0A1p06011 015 7 0 10017011) 7 06 1011101011) [17 1112’

I ]B(01110 7 6 11

(E 1511001171117 0p015pa111) 0

811 [A 11]01’

110x 011 11, l 0176(p09)611601011) 11 , A, 1,1Bp6(x 011) 1

, 7 1010709)M 0ppfi(9).

[7 611 A0 (17 11) 810 [A tovv0fo]11 7 0119 1107 0610119] 11717119,

Col. iv.

1102 15 1p17110¢vkd110111,14p7 0B1ffo11 7 00 110117 015x 011 00176pov 1.

35 7 610117 01 (6700111101) 7 11174 8"

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264 TE B 7 11l PAPYRI

M 1Aa1111717011 15170H0A1/1[a1]1109 7 06

1411110111100 7 6111 Kp17m1111'0111 1, 0176(p09) (1711p6 1), a1’17 69.7 1110117 141] 111 7 631 118 (17 11) (dpovpm) 11.7 6311 111 7 631 X8 (17 11) xa7ap 1p 17 pm1[€110011 7 6 11] [117 01

7011 11a7 011da11 if 1111681011,Aq rplov 7 017

‘

Hpax k11'8011 118 i f napax 1xa1pii0-0a1 119 7 0 117 (17 09) 6 m

Tavpfoxm3 170000 111011 110176p[011 13,

7 09 00117219 a157 06 dowépov [1fi.

60. 7 1011above the line.

Col. vi.

q. A18upépx 011 3417o 111011 11170 7 00 (17p67 1p011)] H17p001109

7 01) 9 110149 118 1117 17651011.

111190190141

y1'

11[0]117a1 (dpovpaz) 0.

11112 111 7 611 AO

1411011011141 “204A]q17 1{d8011 011 7 0 A0(117011) 7 017 1011500011)9 107 0111

'

8a[1 1111117611011.

7 00thfiM lMammim) [4M (1115vw )l 7 3 L MGWW )XW M M

7 1110117 111 (dpovpm)11112 7 017 Z 1111081611011 [7 013 B ]p[011]1p00 011

Bp0111p011 7011 111011 111 7 031] A1 (17 11) 171100911711

119 7 009 1147 01110119] 11717 119 11017 111

7 1ao1117a9 810 7 0 11117 1111

11p1711111011 11170 77p67 1]g[0]11 Baod uré‘

w

[ypkppan’

wv dwafl180111110]11 8’ [111] (17 11)111170 70 15170 7 017 81014177 01) 11112

7 917 bflopvqpaflobdwfiaaww 0111111111111

[1111101

85 . l. cit ravypqpc'm.

THE LAND SURVEY

Col. vn.

'

Hpa’18011 7 01) HA10816p011 11170 [7 013 (17p67 1p011)‘

HA1080’

1p011

4 10111101011 7 6111 aid x 1p00v 11.

0170A6(you).

1101 7 6111 [111 Q7 ]611 (17 11) 81101019 11170 [mfrom

2401141111111] p 1011 11170 7 00 (17p67 1po11)

[7 017 fli p/101111011 1, 1101 0170 [7 06 (17p67 1p011)7 017 1, 1102 7 09 [A017709mfiporos

[rowKpatf lefvov x , 1 , M m) 1,

11 , 7 101017 09)H1[7 10p19.38 50°(11) dnfinfi ‘rfl

11112 7 6111 11170 0176p011 7 00 (17 0119)4 1117 411171] 27 1107 011111011 11170 (17p67 1p011)

[7 017 M x 1(p0011) [K1.t 80003)

‘

H410107 101111 27 1107 01111100 M 1009c

HA1080'

1po11

7 017 4 10111101011 7 6111 1 x 1p0011.

1 80001)M 6(yw)

Col. vi ii.

Maipwvo9 7 01) H1 7 001'

p109 7 013 4 10111101011

7 017 N 1x (7)001¢0109

09 p17 117 1yeypd¢001 1107 0 $4

111x 1§7 011 11112 7 611 7 6111

810 Kp17m1109 1107 01110111 ”0110107 101101)0170 7 017 (111167 111011)

‘

HA10803p011 7 00

[70] £11) [11’

10vv917 17]x 11101

111 [810119011011 7 00 07 1410111011

TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

[e’

¢680111 7 6111] 1311 A8

011

[H7 0Aepa]‘1'011 7 011 111011 6,1[Bp6X011] 110.

£411 11111 1 3 L (61117 66110)GM XW )

7 017 H7 0Aq1¢ f[011 x 8,

[(W Pfit) tfi 91001500 1) 11 WAG/10°11)04 7 611117 39

[1610117 01 4113115111 5 (4110111111) 11117 6111 1311 7 611 1101 (57 61) [xarapeperpq

[116v x épw 7 06 1rp00ay[yek1'i11a1 xa7a[pepsrpfiiofiak d1r0 07 7011411011 [11117 2 x épo

'ov, 011

[11112 xarapkpapqx évm7 0 641116111011 a

Col. ix .

11012 7 139 xarapepwpqpévm' 7 079 010 X opfimos'wpw ed qppe

’

vow e’

11 7 611_ [101 (37 61) 619 7 009 pax t'povs‘ ,

[111760111 (7 p1axowap015p0111),21111167 179 ¢a¢97 09 7 0 Xo(11r011) 7 013 1011501011)mp2 Tefi7 ii111[v

6 , 01760109) 1r11p611, 7 001007 09) 04157 69.

11( 7 6110109 7 011“

1115017 09 10, 1 (111111611)1 0,

ati-1169.p w lm 011makwpévm) X 0p §i11[111 7011 111011

10, 1 (17 1111611) 1 ¢c x (611) y 7 60101709) 01157 69.

{Ppépa'a"npau 00 70 [Adm-011) 7 00 “WW”mp2 Te[fi7 611111 6, 01160109)mm»)mm»K(M 67 1 He7 e[0

'

015x 011] dovr6p[011 10.

0 1) 113V 7 0mm( (mm.

34111116011 117 0031101011 [do 10.

“v 1101 1 3 4 (611163111)M M(4101110)TG6 1 1 T667 09 00 7000017011) xMKpov) Tefirfimv

16, 1 01160009) ( 1 11111015001) 7 60017 09)

p 100'

19 Qa7 pefov9 4011651011 10.

Iv 701 Mu pxflpnm{ [nflflrm?y1

'

110117 111 (elxomapoflpaw) 01110p[6111 (dpwpm) p10.

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268 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

(elx oamporipwv),magma 7 017 H7 00011011011 0110yp0¢011€11011 619 3411111170111

Q07 pe[ [0119] 10 (0prdfia1) qe, pe(7 pei'

) (37 0119) 110’

E 1rei¢ 011416011011)

da1r6pa11.3411111150 109 7 09 117 0061101011 10 (éméfim) qe.

(é1r7 0p015p0111), H 7 017 He7 ]< 0'

015x 011 7 L AfiL , 11147 1161) 110

(37 0119)H

01160009) (11119631)3 141611)3 1111 1001) 11 .

7 00'

Ap011111§0'

109 7 L NBA , pe( 7 pei) 110

00176p0v.

1100-

19 2[0x 0]110'

11r109 9L ABA , 110 (37 0119) 110121111

117150009) (111110631) 7 4 919401350011) 1'

xai 7 6111 7 0 e’

x ¢6[p1011 0 (37 0119)

pe7afieflq(x 67 0111) 619 7011 1107 01111011 010 K [.

4 10111101011 v p(x [011

[1611011 010 7fi9 7 011[

l 6 . l . 17110060011.

(0) 2. d111r5s elsewhere this land is called 110110011001 ; cf. note on (a)15 2.

7 . The previous line was Ilmaoéxou 0410110013 011 7 61 11611111 ; cf. 63. 25 .

10. 1310 1101 : cf. note on62. 2 1 .

a1- 2 . Cf. 68 . 49, where Heraclides is stated tobe the owner.25 .mplmac at Ibionaccording to63 . 5 3.

30. Possibly 0111,as inl. 26.

35 . the 11 isanerror for 0 ; cf. 68 . 83. In141 7 111) is corrected to

l39. I t is curious that in62. 103 thisholding isalreadyascribed toLagos ; cf. note

on . 43.

40. 871001) cf. 11. 5 8and 90and note on61. (0)304.

43. In62. 108 the 110611014 8alreadyattributed toAcusilaus.44. 11 isanerror for 1 ; cf. 62. 1 89.

50. Apollonius in the lists bothbefore andafter this papyrus (62. 1 22 and 144)is said to own50arourae. It is possible thata(se. updnpov)has beenomittedalter 11111

,

but the following 0 is c lear.5 2-

3. The cleruchinquestionis Polemonsonof Ammonius, who inthe srst year(62. 1 28) is entered as bwning 40arourae. 10 of these were given inthe s4thywtoM elanippus,anew xa'roum(cf. 1.

5 4. ( 1110101006100) (cf. 11. 63, 70, 80) is equivalent to 0000001706 100 ; cf. 7 5 . 6and98 . 44. Whenac leruchfell intoarrears withregard to the i—artabatax (onwhichsee61. (0) 303-

4 1 , note, and 98 . hisholding was liable to confiscationunlesshecould persuade the komogrammateus tobecome surety forhim. 7 5 . 3

—13 isanexample

65 . THE LAND SURVEY 069

of suchaxapoypa¢ iaas that required in11. 54and 80,andamong the cleruchs for whomM enches became suretywere Polemonsonof Ammonius (cf. 11. 5 2—3,note)and Ptolemaeussonof M eniscus (cf. ll. 1 19

63. cf. 1. 101 . 70 is very doubtful, for the papyrus is nottornand some traces of the ink ought tobe discernible.

69—70. The cession by Demetrius ofhalfhis 10161101 to Tauriscus in this year

is perhaps connected withhis failure topay the 0701111101 171100061160 9 ; cf. 01. (0)26 1 sqq.

73. cannot be readat the beginning of the line,and indeed nothing is wantedbefore M vpdpx ov. Perhaps 8101avpapxov was written. Cf. note on63. 1 00—5 .

80. For the restorationof the lacunae cf. 11. 54 and 1 2 1 . Acusilaus was inthesame positionas Polemonsonof Ammonius ; cf. 1. 54, note.

80 Cf. 61. (a)20- 6.

99. £6 perhaps if but 1’

smayagree withhold-you, or beanabbreviated word, thoughthere is no indicationof this. In61. (0)304 sqq. (cf. note) thepoint of 821001)151100601011)would seemto be that the land inquestionwas not liable for thetax of 1} artaba. Buthere the tax is paid onuncultivated land ; cf. ll. 80, 101 , 141 ,and98 . introd.

107 . Cf. note on61. (a)39—4 1. and Awwafov should be transposed.1 13 sqq. Cf. 61. (a)30—3.

105- 8 . Cf. (a)47- 9.

(0) 1- 4. Cf. 7 2. 01 7- 01 ,and note on61. (0)49. 3043 in l. 3 should be the sumof the 011 granted to cleruchs (cf. 61. (0) 046, 7 2. 184)and the difference of therents onthe land leased by Phaniasand the epimeletae (72. But theremay beanother letter between 7 anda.

5 . Cf. 7 2. 020. The details whichfollow in7 2. 003- 5areabsenthere. The number

of thearourae is the same inbothpapyri.6- 13. Cf. 72. 046

-

5 8.

14-

9. Cf. 7 2. 05 9—64.

00-

9. These persons apparently come under theheading in 11. 14-

9. But inthe corresponding passage in7 2 the list seems tobe different.

00.

‘

Apm60[1osma117 001110400 : cf. 63 . 139,and for the other Harmiusis, who wasalsoanclmouipovpor Innis, cf. 68 . 146. anypa¢op£mseems to refer to some confusionbetweenthese two individuals ; cf. 61. (0)061 .

04. For the three bra-611001101 116x010 cf. 01. (a)137 , 68 . 000and 185 .

30. A1011110 1'

011 Iv pt'

x [011 :his tenure dated fromthe reignof Epiphanes (68 .

65 . E X TRACT FROM A LIST or HOLDER S or CLERUCHIC LAND.

Height 31 1111. About 11. c. 1 12 .

This papyrus contained alist ofholders of land 011 04140111 similar to 6 2

and 68 , but writtennot earl ier thanthe 5thor 6thyear of Soter 11, since events

whichtook place in the former of these years are referred to. The earlypart of the document prior to the list of éqrrdpovpot 110x 100 is lost, and this

.

2 70 TE B TUN IS , PAPYRI

does not presentany new features worthrecording but we print the conclud inglines of the papyrus, since they show that in the 5 thyear M enches thekomogrammateus receivedagrant of 20arourae of uncultivated landThis grant is identical withthe 00arouraementioned in7 5 . 50—1

,whichare

deducted fromthe 07 0A0y011 (cf. 61 . (0) 207, note), thoughapparently fromthe0011v9 instead of the lpfipoxos (cf. 1. 02and 7 5 . 7 1,note). Fromthe fact that thisis enteredhereamong the grants to cleruchs it wou ld appear that theassignment was of the nature ofareward forhis services rather thanaburdensuchas the 10arourae of land 811 éwokdycp for whichaccording to10. 4hehad to payaheavy rent. These 20 arourae givento M enchesare the only example ofa beingassigned toapurely c ivil offi cial , the other cleruchsat Kerkeosiriseither being sold iers orhold ing semi -mi l itary posts ; cf. p . 5 5 1 .

I 5 l ines of the conclusionof the list of é1r7 ép011p01 pdx qrm16 7 1110117 01 7 69 e

’

[1ri 7 017 17 0]7 p09 (dpovp01) t

px .

i [ t i 7 017 50:10AM

1102 7 69 119 7 0 e (57 09)M17 x 12

“

He7 100[15x 011] 11070 7011 170020 E 1

’

p111101011 7 017 1102010111117 00 q ot07 1071011)

0170 7 01) (dpovp01) 111]0770 épfipcfixw 1 (37 0119) (0700117001) 11.

111101 xhq(povx 1x fi9)[1102 7 017 7 6111 7 611 ,8 (37 11)wapax exdpqpévmv),

25 7 011 (1rp67 1p011)M1111511011011 7 017 H0117 015(x 011)

16. The correct total of c leruchic land assigned in the reign of Euergetes

907; arourae ; cf.note on 61. (a) 146. The figure 920 canhardly be right, for the24 arourae originallyassigned to Petron son of Theon (62. 146)and transferred inthe and year toDidymarchus sonof Apollonius (80 and 68 . 1 02- 5)were reckonedunder theheading 7 557 £771 7 017 6001116011 (cf. note on I.

1 7 . 1'

[nl 7 06 Be 00160 7 : these words were probably inserted later inorder to ex plain1 (37 07)inthe nex thne. Theheading 7 ]i;7 1

’

11i 7 061 fiaodte’min l. 24 shouldhave precededl. 1 7, as it does in the corresponding passage in 145 ,

whichconcludes thus :ml]31127 061 300105019, 7 6111 111 7 611 B (37 11)napax cxwpqpr

'

vmv,A10v1101

'

011 1110111101011 7011 (111167 171011)01170110110117 061 110117 01

'

1x 011hBt'g’Xfl’1 (111111611)1 0

’

0116p011 A100110px 011 7 013'

A110M 01111'

011 7011 (117107 171011)11157 11011109 7 013 6 5011109 110 1 (111111611) 7 011411011) 7 , g, 0017611011 7 10101709)M cmiov 7011 (111167 11100) Apfafirifa7 017 Hmafixov 1

, 1 (111111611) 8 011001011) 7 , 1,0011611011 1

,

7 1001709) 015769. ml 7 69 17 7 611 e (37 11) M eyxt'

t'

1117 1001'

1[x 011]mmpappar ei1i 1r0 7 06mpl 7 1011 001111711) (ripovpat) 11. 607

'

111101 d flpovxmfis)followed byablankspaceas in 65 . 23. The correspondence dealing withthe registration of Dionysiusinplace of M enander sonof Pantauchus (68 . 37) is preserved in81,and that dealingwithDidymarchus in80. For Artabazas sonof Pantauchus cf. 62. 95 , note.

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2 72 TE B TUNIS PAPYR I

188'

(cip‘réflat) £a8' ,

(dprdflcu) a? (1rupot'i) 116,

.5 1m1 (dméflmn1at (mom?) 11»1110111 [A0] (dp

‘

réfiat) 01)

(dpréfiat) 27 8“

1501" that HmL8' (ciprdfias) ’

E 2'

08L1'

B'

1511 (rrvpofi)zo dd; 0

7

W ypd¢e¢ 7 457 011611111 4311 1'

11roM—yao1 110 11 (57 03)

7 8: 1171011111161“ 01) (cipréfias')Karahefu'owat (dpovpar)HEAL8' (éprdfiat) '

E 0ay'ci¢

'

07111 xarapeperpfioflat roi'

s'

pe

rax exhqpovx qpévots cirrb 7 6311 nepi rbv

05’

Ifit’awa7 0311 (E lx oo

'mewapoflpmv) 8118111501 dvd. 7 1. pet .

M d] 841{a(11mm)2x 73 .

tan-

[ap 18110117 01)Di p-1118" (a’prdfiat)from0 vials. 6. wpoo

-raf ov corr. fromupon-aru . I 8. 1

'

in(Hcorr.

03. xmammpqaflmwrittenabovemax ed qpoux q whichis crossed through.Col. u .

119 83 7 8 11 (iras) iamipflat [WBkmrrupan xv [(dpréfiatn’

B 1PpyL8'

,aw (4900104 1)me 1110) cm:11' (dméfia01 xem.

f M d) 6 ” 6” [05100] 34 7’

n'

fl'

11’

(ti/17 6134 1)W5

pxaL 81102) dpréfiat fi'

yL 8L (cipréfiat)p11aL8' 8 (dprdfiat) x { , dv(d) 7 8

'

(dpréfiac) £1 ,tal. y (dp

‘

rdfiat) [A]8L , [p]1fiL8'

BL XwaLy’1'B’

y 848)3 s“

, 110M 8) 11 110.

141401?t)K M 31)3L7'

{ 7'

i ffi'

(dpflffiau)qn'r'

M d)3 (ti /17 4301011

M 116 1)Shfi 8111 6011116011010] Zp'

yLy'

fi',

51" (411mm)my 651431) 8L7’

1’fl’

f

pmt-r'8 M 8) 84.m, AB (Md) 8 (dpréfiat) pm),7 y 0. a[i A0]ura2M 1100) «nf.

.PT

yfvovrau 7 69 011-011 T[tLGL (dp-raifiat)

66. THE LAND SURVEY 273

11012N ow7 111101 7 010ap[bs'] 1111p 81011 00116001:

41

11

BL 11 10 0 111111)a: 1110 041} 1 .

1 d11(8) 1 riy'

y'

11111'

3'

7 610117 8 1 N ow 7 611101 X11L (dmdficu)Z1.o pofs

" dpdxau 018'

(8018601)8111 (dpovpm) 1 1 111, 1A 116,

P5 M d) Ze' s"a16 M d) 8 £1

14 1 1111) 11 .mm11 11. 1111)

30. 410overanerasure. 36 ” (a)after 1 corr. from 37.a» 0011.

Col. ui .

xo[p]7 0110116 11 7m 0 7m.yt110[117 ]8 1 x 6p7 011 11142] x 0p7 0110016

'

i11) 7r0 (8407 16601) p11.

fill/Gwyn k pofs p£88'

q y'

1'

B'

.

7 179 8'

34111168

118 2 [011 7p]d¢11 6 xmpoypmupanbs) 110 7 8 v

81’

11[111Ma11 7 6311] érroyeypapp6110111 7 1010116311) €x [6]1170w118 2 7 8 7 8 67 [qs] owe

’

pparafivép 8111 7pd¢[11] 8 xomflappaflbr)7 089 111 7 179 7 101517 089

A10111108111 7 61 p1p181ipx q1 0111111211 7 o[i ]s tip/16

{ov01 1) 1117 p1i01111 7 80

if 11717 (111)qpé7 0w 7 171 8 157 17s 69 7 101117 0001

(dporfpas')A7 8118111 (dpovpa1) 1ad11(8) 1 111 , 11 M 8) 8L7

'

1'

fi'

1 111 1111m. 7 11111 7 1.

5 0 107 111 118 ta]7 ’

8118p(a)°’

Ow6¢p1s 08 7 1140119 8118 18 4 8 [1] 11,’

E p111)0 7 14 0100) 8 (dpflifim)1116017 09 7 08 118017 09 8

T0006” : 7 00 X 11511109 8L

074 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

p 1150 [10]9 I ]9 1 y'

1'

H17 10015x 0[11] 7 06 X 16p1[o9] 7 7 0,

yempyéiv 1

Ay p111L8'.

118 2110116311 03

11 yp8¢1 1 yeyo[11]€118 1 818 7 8 7 8 117 130113) 7 139

31.

7 139 } 111611179 [7 0119 611418111019)089 81211 8 157 81101019 3111118 p18 7 8 7 139

115511011 1rporrerr7a1111'118 1 8888 118 2 7 8 818 7 017 1101106

8 118 7 811 xwpoypappag'éa81111117110x 1'

118 1 81211

118 2 8 87 089 7 6 11 818 H17 o0fp1o9 7 09"flpov (81101101311) A

(8307 868 1) A.

£1

62 . l. 7 139. 7 5 . above the line. 78 . First 0 of 11011011 corr. (f).

Col. iv.

118 28111 01111111'

11p17 8 1 80 8 17 1 111 8 (57 0119)

¢vka1117 0311 7 6111 p17afleflq(x 67 0>v)N 1117 1(11)1

'

B109 7 00a'.f2)0011 8178 f 1

¢118 8 1117 6 11 118 0’

18 117 089g

N 1¢0111[0]61119 34110117 8 1011 811‘Hpakku’

8m1 7 811 112811 1

8’

117 8 118 1p011p1’

118 11 88 7 6 11 p1p 17 pq(p 1’

110w) 111 7 61 118118 2 811 [19 (57 11) ABB

'

.

7 89 Ao1[1r]89 1( d01r6pa11, 11 (8317 838 1) fs'

fi'.

118 2 111 [61408 137 8 7 f017 8 1 7 6311 7 8 11 (37 09)7 89 N

718101118 1] (dpovp8 1)

'

Ap1re8'

(8117 868 1)Mau l .

(B[v 7 8 118 (164 (8117 888 1) £8 L ,

80. This line is enclosed inround brackets. 91 . 1. 1mm.

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2 76 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

likely. In67 the lines (7o sqq.) concerning the land whichhad been left unsownareunfortunatelymutilated. The word at the end of l. 6 1here is difficultand possiblycorrupt. Ontheanalogy of l. 1owe connect the bracketed 1 with819561110 rather thanwithwhat follows.

60. pepcadpxm: this official is rarelymentioned inpapyri ; cf.183 , P. Grenf. II . 5 4andWilcken, I. p. 609. The reference inP. Grenf. I I . p. 89 toanunpublished Petri epapyrusmentioningampcddpx qs is wrong ; it should be toasmall unpublished latePtolemaic fragment fromBacchias. Themeridarch, who super

-intended one of the threepeplacs of the Arsinoite nome, was probably largely concerned withtheadministrationofthe 31108 1111)76, like thenomarch, onwhomsee note on61. (8)45.

73. 4915, should be 493,as is shownby theaddition.

75—80. The produce ofacertainquantity of Crown land was reserved every

year for theanimals of the cultivators ; cf. 27 . 5 5 sqq.,8 7 . 1 7—8, &c. Apparently

the pastures referred to in the present passagehad been rendered useless for graz ingpurposes owing toanimalshaving beenadmitted prematurely but thereareseveral obscurities, partly due to doubts concerning the readings. InI. 76

( if that is the right emendationof the of the original)refers to andapparentlymeans ‘ included inthe (list of) rents,’ i. e. these vopat'had beenreckoned inthe estimateof revenue for the year. In1. 7 7 the sense of £11at: 117160010001 seems to be thatthe rents of the royal inquestionwere to be exactedall the same, thoughthe reasongiven for this, 8mmr[o]i

‘

1 seems odd. 8 1317 isadifi culty 1181-6, se. 7 8 311416910,

would do, but it does not well suit the vestiges. Perhaps 11111061 should be read ontheanalogy of the resumptive M ymi 1181c slowpdao-scoain11. 79—80 ; 081-061 is thererather doubtful, but the word certainly ends with1. The objection to 1181061 inbothplaces is that thereare no personsmentioned to whomit canrefer,and the 110mlarestated inl. 80 tohave beencultivated byasingle person.

80—90. This section is concerned withcleruchs fromwhomayear’s rent wasdemanded onaccount ofarable land whichhad beenwronglyassigned to theminsteadof dry land ; of 61. (8) 0 sqq., where the case of the same N ektenibis (originallyanc'

pvmotbéhaf, notas statedherea8111101161 171 ; cf. 62. 97) is dealt with,and App. i. 6 .

Theamounts inarouraeandartabae contained inthis sectionare nothowever includedinthe totals giveninl . 93,althoughsome of theartabaehad beenactually paid, the reasonbeing that the landhad ceased tobe 8008 11113.

84. C is clearlyamistake ; perhaps 6 was intended. But thoughNektenibishadbecomeacatoecushe continued toownatKerkeosirisonly the 10arourae ofan3110114 15808;c£ p. 548.

86. N 1¢aq1[o}0n9 ‘

Apopraiou :his name is givenas in62. 1 10and 63 . 91 .

90. The figures 1: refer toartabae and are obtained by the subtractionof 30;in l. 89 from49; in l. 87 ; the 1 7areadded tothe 49g in l. 84 to produce the 66 inl. 90. After N ephthemounis’

payment of 30gartabae there remained 17artabae sti to

be paid. He is notmentioned withN ektenibis in 8)0 sq and the debthad beenwiped out by the 5 0nd year ; cf. 61. (a)47—5 1, note. erselias isagainmentioned in7 8 . 07 inconnex ionwiththemistake regardinghis d iaper.

91—0. These two linesappmently refer to the fact that N ephthemounis lVentually

paid the full 49§artabae ; cf. the previous note.

93. The totals are obtained by the additionof the numbers in ll. 55 and 8 1.As usual, there isasmall inaccuracy intheartabae ; the

1?should not be there.

94—6 . Whence these 10} arourae whichare ad ed on to thi number given in

l. 93are derived is not clear. m( is possibly -)P (cf. 84 . 1 8,

but

fromwhat ? In1. 96’

A is omitted beforeml .

67 . THE LAND SURVEY 2 77

67 . R EPORT or THE CROPS or CROWN LAND.

09 x 66 1711. me. 1 18- 7.Statement drawnup by M enches of the crops uponCrownlands for the

53rd year of E uergetes I I . The greater part ofasimilar report for this yearisalso preserved in61. (a) 180 sqq.

, but the twoare only inpartialagreementthe figures for the wheat and barleyare quite different (cf. notes on61. (a)182 and thoughtheareasown is final ly brought outat the same figure

inboththe totals of theartabae donot coincide, the number in61 . (a)beingidentical withthat for the preceding year, whi le in67 it is 16artabaemore.

For reasons discussed onp. 565 it is probable that the figures in61. (a)are themore’ correct . A s wehave said (61. (a)1 82 note, cf. 60. themost likelyex planationof these discrepancies is that the reports were drawnupat d ifferenttimes and represent different revisions of the figures ; 67 is probably earlierthan 61, and it is therefore natural that they should agree withregard to

the 8pax os~ and k pd, whichwere apparently the crops first sown (cf. 71.I O thoughdifi'

eringas to the wheatand barley. Inas, written inthe54thyear,athird set of totals occur, but theseare probably wrong.

Col. i .

['

E 7 0119 rrap8 Meyx et'

ow K1p1110

118 7 8 ¢m011 £77 1111[¢8A8 t011 7 017 8 157 00

[1008 11116118 1 110211 111] 7 811 1178 0811

[7039] (8p011p8 1)ZpA08'

8111

5 [8111 7 114101189 871 7 139 817001301179)

[01111018] “0 363 111140179)at (1111100) ’

B«10183 684111 9)

[8 2 (7111p00)] q8 4 8'

, xahx oi) 119 (1714100)

[[ 0]176p011 l][119 88 7 8 11]y (57 09) 501787108 1

(89015p8 9)] M 4 8 17'

8111 811416011011)

[8111 (dpovp8 1)] 118 4 8'

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)t 848) 84 71q 8 , (FL 8

8148) 7 1. 484 8 , ( 8’848) 7

141 4 87, 111 410)BA (1817 413111) 111114 81

TEB TUN IS PA PYRI

[x ]8 1 811 [11A]1 1'

011 yp8¢ov01 0v118 x01§01008 1

[flf [x ]a1p19 0116111147 09) 118 2 7 559 dAAqs

[88018111759] (8p7 868 1) 019.

,8111 xaraxmpff1008 1 119 T8 7 69 118 7 8

111111711111179 111118 7 8111 7 031 011601101) 117 11018111)

8118018 11)A17, x éprm 011,111.

Col. 11.

119 Wr£88117 1 418 1100

8111’

8p8(x ov) 1 017 xaravepq vw) pfu'fl'

,

x 6p1'

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110118111 A, 1x ¢o(p10v) 8011611011 1ryL8'

.

7 1110117 8 1 1 017 119 11111160118)firg8.

0811 81 1811 1111110111011

111110551 (811015118 9) pon8'

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,

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1y' my

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8111 111110159 Hmfly'418 11811 (811015118 9)218 , 8111 1x ¢6(p1011) 1

118 377 3 ,

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81 7 06 8118 7 00

M vayope'vov) éf 111114018 9) 7 179 (mo'Bl) uAB-

y'

1fl' [[A8 1 M 10 8 2418 1100.

7 1110117 8 1 ffis 011011

(1190111111) 1117 8 (63111464 1)’

Ax 11118’

k pois 8111‘rfiv 81011111019 111

"10x 81'a11

1 67 8 117 8 1, 7 8 8'

811’

8 87 179 011118 316111118

41 . 1 1111.

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280 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

7 8111 8007 17 p[8 p]111’

110111 7 1mp7 0‘511 118 2"flpov xwpépx ov 17 [ 8141818 17 139 118 7 8 0170p89

7 8 1114167018 7rp8001111 [if7 159 7 1mp7 014p€11179) 7 029119 8811118 119 7 811 0116po11 7 00 8 87 017 (17 0119) (11141017)p11 M 1100) p

(8p0vp8 1) 1‘ 8111 111¢6p1{ 1 }011 118 2 87 147 11111011) 8118 7 00 17A11811

011118 7 0p €110v 1£ 111104018 9) (0140811) 117 1 8 ,

8111 (8p0vp8 1) 7 8148) 1 11, 18 8148) 84 7'

1'

B'

8111 107 111 d118[p]a.q flrp1o9 2 7 99 8178 18L (8p7 8B8 1)“B

'

8L [84 8148)

[N ]1117 111? 19 7 017'.Qp[ov

(41101111111) 11 [(dpf éfim)[150] n 1102 (8p0vp8 1)

’

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107 1 1r1p[2 «]011q8178 15110M yov (71p67 1po11) 11111

7 8111 7 611 H7 0A1p8 1w Q[1)\111011 7rp00

119 “P6“

08011 (dpovp8 1) 11,-

L pep 10001p[111¢ 1

H17 001p11 N10117 0A€pov 1117 106110117 1

K1¢8A011109 118 2”

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Op0110v[9

8017 111112 8v8 8 [(8p7 8B8 1) 11,-

L ,

8111 1, 82 (vrvpofi) B, 7 159111 82

90. 1. 92.

The 531d year, fromM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris ; summary listof crops for the said year. Inthe smd year there were sownincluding pastures 1 139}

67 . THE LAND SURVEY 28 1

arourae of land,atarent of 464211, artabae, the supposed classificationof whichwaswheat

,barley equivalent inwheat to olyraequivalent inwheat to

copper total inwheat 464211,artabae. For the 5 3rd year therehave beensownwithwheat 5 76garouraeatarent of 2 567} artabae, of which2 1} arouraeareatarentof 5 artabaemaking 1o8} , 339} at making 37} at 4} making96} at 4making 386, 26} at 3}making 7} at 3making 47} at 2}making1 18} artabae. And it is reported that there will beaccording to estimateanaddition,ex c lusive of seed- comand other ex pense, of 8ogartabae, of whichare setapart for theseed of the land grazed uponby theanimals used for cultivation, for that sownwitharacus38artabae, withgrass inlikemanner 7 , total of seed 45 artabae, leaving for rentals 764artabae of these 43215,are in lieu of lentils, 10717, in lieu ofaracus used for graz ing,grassand pasture-

grass simi larly pastures 3o, rent of unsownland totalamountfor rentals 764, or withthe rent (ofwheat- land)333 Withbarleyare sown1 78garouraeatarent of 787} artabae, of which78} arourae areatarent of making 38743,59at 4}making 1 2 at 4making 48, 1 at 2 7} at 3making whichis131 2} artabae of barley. Withlentilsare sown2 1 1 arouraeatarent of 93215, artabae,of which1 5 1arouraeareatarent of making 22at 4making 88, 1 5 at 3making 45 , 23at 2}making Subtracting the 43215, artabae deducted fromtheex cessaccording to the estimate of the wheat- land there remainsooartabae in lentils.Total of com- lands 966} arourae, 46 18} artabae. Greenstuffs, thearrangement ofwhichis set forthat the end ; wehere repeat its results —witharacus are sown 38arouraeatarent of 147 artabae, of which1 1arouraeareat the rate of 5making 5 5 , 1 2 at4making 48, 2 at 3}making 7 , 9at 3making 27 , 4at 2}making xo. Subtractingthe 1071

7,artabae deducted fromthe ex cessaccording to the estimate ofwheat there remain

inc0pperaccording to the supposed classification 391-5} artabae. Withgrassare sown

7arouraeatarent of 29} artabae, of which3arouraeareat the rate of making2at 4making 8, 2at 3}making withpasture-

grass 8 1arourae producing 8 1artabae,Total ofhayand pasture-hay 88arourae, the rent of whichis deducted fromthe ex cess

according to the estimate of wheat, namely 1 10} artabae. Total in green stufi'

s

126 arourae, 3915, artabae. Total of land sown 1ogz } arouraeat 4658-

11, artabae.

Land for whichseed is not provided —pastures 3oarourae, the rent of whichis deducted

fromthe ex cessaccording to the estimate of wheat, namely at 1 artaba3oartabae.

This added to the land sownmakes 1 1 22} arourae, 465 8-

11, artabae, the supposed

classificationof whichis, wheat barley equivalent in wheat to olyraequivalent inwheat to copper incorn total inwheat 4642115 . Thisamountis tobe collectedas follows : 3331} artabae of wheat, 131 2} of barley equivalent inwheatto 500 of lentils, the equivalent in copper of 391

55 artabae of corn, total inwheat

There is further tobe exacted the rent of irrigated land left unsownowing tothecarelessness of the cultivatorsmentioned belowand of Hows the komarch 1 7arourae,the rent of whichis deducted fromthe ex cess according to the estimate of wheat,namely 83} artabae, of which3arouraeareat the rate of 5artabaemaking 15 , 14at45 making The individual list is — Demetrius -sonof S out of 1 4} arouraeat 67} artabae 4} at 41} making 2 2} Total 1 7 arourae at 83} artabae, thusmaking 1 139} arourae 4642artabae. The land‘mwninthe neighbourhood of the village(belonging to the «7711p 1171600801)consists of that reclaimed informer times by thecultivators of Ptolemaeus sonof Philinusafterhehad beenattached tothemanagementof the x exaopwpe'vq 117168 0801, namely 16} arourae, leased to Petosiris sonof Neoptolemusand Petesokonsonof Cephalonand Horus sonof Otaes withoutagrant of seed- cornatarent of 1 artaba,making 16} artabae, of whichroarouraeare sownwithwheat,2 withbarley paid inwheat, 4} withfenugreek paid inwheat.’

282 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

4. Cf. 6L (8 ) 169- 78, note. Asamatter of fact the items given in11. 6—

7 addup to 46531

15

.

5 . 7 6 71101169 : cf. 1. 64, 6 8 . 5 , 7 7 ,and 70. 5 , 63. The word, Whichseems tobe new,means arrangement according to yévq,’or c lassification,’

of the rents according to

( 1)ahypothetical estimate pi p fi nM aps)and ( 2)theactualmethod of their collection83 7 06 8 1 611011 68 . 79, Cf. 67 . 68 d 811 The figures in the 70 101181

611-0061 171are nearly constantand bear little relation to facts. Thoseat the end of thisdocument (ll. 64 as of 8 8and 70,

are for the year following that towhichthemp6:

at the beginningapplies ; yet ineachcase the figures givenat the beginning, so faras theyare preserved,are simply repeated at the end. Not only so but themp0} 1’

sof 67 and 70, thoughseparated by 8 years,are very nearly identical. The figuresarealsostronglyat variance withthose inthe lists ofamounts to be collected (6 7 . 67- 9, 68 . 80

themostmarked differences being inthe relativeamounts ofwheatand barley,and intheabsence of 41111161 inthehypothetical estimates. According to68 . 37 the wholeareasownwithbarley was only 14 1} arourae producingarent equal to 6 1 5artabae of wheat or (atthe regular ratioof 3 :5 , cf. 61. (6)25 8, note)1025artabae of barley. M oreoveracertainpart of this was ex pected to be paid inwheat ; cf. ll. 32 and 40—1

,and note on67 . 15 .

Yet inthe 7 1 110716: inl. 78 the barley is set downat 2877} artabae inwheat, whichwouldbe equivalent inbarley to 47951

52artabae. The figures inthe yemrpoi e’e{11106131 111 werehowever thoseascribed to the cultivated land inthe theoretical totals of the Crownlands ;

cf. 15. 560.

7 . The itemsadd up to not8 . The scribe perhaps wrote the phrase that follows the ymapéc 311 {111-066mlater

oninl. 67 , 83 rot?mp0"1 or something equivalent ; of. 68 . 79.

1 2 . I f is rightly read theadditionof the items in l. to is nearly correct,the total of the artabae being too small ; but 339; arourae at Q} artabae wouldproduce 167 13

55artabae, so theremust beasmall error somewhere.

1 5 . Themeaning of this process of adding on to the éx¢6p1ov produced by theland sownwithwheatanadditionalamount based onanestimate (meta), whichamountis subsequently deducted piecemeal under the various items given in11. 22—5 , 11101161,dpax oc, &c. (cf. ll. 36, 47 , 5 5 , 6c ,

is not very clear. The formulais reproduced,withslight variations, in61. (a) 186

, 68 , 70,and the 10117 8 ¢6M ov portionof 7 5 . Theresult of the deductionsalways is to reduce theamounts of 1110116: and xalx éc for thedifferent years to the same figures, 500and 39 artabae (cf. 6 7 . 38, 5 7 , 68 . 47, 66,70. 35 , 56 ; the same resultsare reached in7 5 The rents of land onwhichothercrops thanwheat were grown, the 67111011 1113 75111; as theyare called in68 . 31 , were notonly estimated inwheat, but inaproportionwhichremained fairly constant wereactuallypaid inwheat ; cf. App. i . 5 . Inaddition

,therefore, to the wheat paidas rent of tho

wheat-producing land the government could always reckonon receivingaconsiderablequantity paid onaccount of other produce ; and indrawing up theaccounts this ex pectedsurplus inwheat wasadded on to the rental of the wheat- land proper,acorrespondingamounthaving inconsequence to be deducted fromthe rents of those lands fromwhichthe surplus was gained.

16. [x ]opls yetanamount foraparticular kind of 011171118 is immediatelyafterwards deducted in ll. 1 7- zo. For themovemm'm(the redupliw tion is generallyomitted inthese documents)cf. 66 . 75—8o, note.

25 . 8011670011 : the detailsare giveninll. 70—89 ; cf. 66 . 56 sqq., 68 . 84 sqq.

32 .

‘

Anfiy'

: this is the equivalent inbarley of the rent of the barley-bearing land,whichlike that of the other lands is reckoned in wheat and is given in l. 28 as787} artabae, the ratio being the usual one of 5 : 3 cf. note on1. 5and 6 8 . 41.

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284 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

l. 92, where the figures thoughdamaged are sufficiently clear,as wellas bythe references to the 531d year in11. 69—

70,and the statement of the 6011011017 17 of the previous season(11. 8-

9)whichcoincides withthat givenin87 . 7 1 sqq.

I t is therefore remarkable that the figures for the past year, withwhichthe report as usual begins, do not correspond withthose in 80, 81. (a)and67 , the rental, 454211, artabae (1. I O), falling considerably short of the totalsfound in those three papyri , 464211, or 465 83; (cf. 1. 4, note,and p.

Inspite of the fact that 60, 61. (a)and 67 were drawnup during the course

of the 531d yearand 8 8 inthe 54thafter theaccounts for the 53rd yearhadbeenmade up, there isaprobabi l ity that the figures of the lastare the leasttrustworthy . The formand language of this reportare very similar to 87 .

C01. i .

E 7 001 118, 178 118 M eyx efovs

[Kepx eoo'fpemsx 118 7 8 ¢6AA011 e

’

rrmerflahafov 7 06 8 156706)

[6017 8 11116118 1 110211 £11 7 611 117 ] (37 61)

[7 69 (811011118 1)34111136"

1511

5 [3111 7 111101181 £7 11311 7 fis‘ 1517001511179]

[11111100 111140131) 8 2 (17 111100) 19105118 9) (171111017)

[xahxofi 1511 017 09) els (rrvpot7)]25 letters

(41001111111) 11] (411163111) 117 4 8’

(811011118 1)1411AO8'

(8praifiat)]’

A

25 letters 7 81“

]011 8178 15110A6(:7 0v)

1 1 1 111

(4110111111) 10 (1111161 1111111

25 letters épfip6x 0v

(490111101) 118

8118] 8 K8.

[115101 1 111 1611 1111001111113110 1 (511011111 1) 1111 (151114191 1)

[07107’

1818 1 (811015118 1)’

A111138 3111] i 11¢6(p1011)[119 88 7 8 118 (57 09) émdpeat ][171111611 (81006118 9) xm" 3111] 811116001011) ’

B71538 ,

8118 e 1184 8

’

8118

68. THE LAND SURVEY 285

1734 8118 84 ] 04 8 A1),

8118 8118 ]8'

pqq4 8'

[8118 £8 8118] B4 pf.

[118 2 811 17h11'011 7 1184601101 0v118 x 01§]01088 1 xaopis 017 5111118 7 09

[118 2 7 759 JAN )? 88 1781117]s (8117 85 8 1) 1158 77 3 .

8111 118 7 8 xa1pffe088 1] 119 7 8 017811118 7 8

[7 8? 118 7 8 111117 11?q 17s 0]176p011

[117 17118311 8118111111 A8 x 6p]7a11

Col. 11.

118 7 8A1f170117 8 1 et'

s 7 8 éx ¢6p18 8Av017 1h81117 1118111 111118131 1111, 1118 11831

811801011) x 6p7 011 118 2 p£84 8'

,

110118111 118, 811¢6(p1011) 8017611011 3131117 118q11 , 11134 7 7 8 .

81 7 63 (8117 838 1)11p10[1

'

it 8111 3111116011011) x 11 ,

8111 (811011118 1) B 8118 1 1, qt? 8118 vfflq",

1 8118 8 11 , A8 4 8118 7 q84 , 8 8118 5 4 , 7 8118 B8117 8 (118 1pw111110v) 82 7 00 817701

1161100) 8178 7 00 11911801) 0108 7 01161011)11114018 9) (171111811) 1111

7 81 A01178s‘ (8117 8188 9) 111, 8111 81A71/

M 811 (81106118 9) 218 8111 811166001011) 111784

8111 (811011118 1) 1 8118 1 111 , pf-y 8118

8118 8 111, 11, 8118 7

8117 8 (118 111011111'

110v) 88 7 00 7 00 17h11(01) 0108 7 01161100)11

’

118 (0f8 1) (1711106 1) 111784 8'

at A0117 8 2 ¢8 x 00 (8117 868 1) 111.7 610117 8 1 7 179 0f7 011 (811011118 1) t

rf88'

(8117 868 1)’

A11014

118 2 8A[A01]s 7 089 17p89 171111811 81011101111611011"

[7 ]6A11 14 8v8 8 113.

M dflhm(811015118 9) [18 8111 9, I

6 8v8 1 [1, 8118

TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

111A8 11011'm1 8 (8117 838 1)

7 1110117 8 1 8AA019 7 611107 111) (811011118 1) 114 (8117 838 1)q81'

fi'

.

w pois'

1) 81061178 19 117’

éax cirm7 8 15 01137 159

8p1i 118 >1 (8po15p8 9) 3111 [111166011010]03

11 (dpovpm) 8 8118 1 , 1 8118 q'

,

0 8118 8 A5“

, 94 8118 B x y4 8'

.

81 7 017 817 1101811100) 8178 7 00 M vayopévov)7 179 (8 1111031)

Col. ii i.

8 1 A0117 8 1 xa06 11 (8p8 x 11

x [6]p[7m1 (8po15p8 9)] 1 4 1511 é11¢6(p1011) 177 4 8, I

B4 8 1.

xop7 011[o,116 11 (811015118 9) 8 17 8 .

7 11047 8 1 x ép‘

rau 118 2 8povp8 1 0114

1511 7 8 118 1 8178 7 017 17 ]A1&a1) 011018 7 081800)

(711111631) p£84

w poi9 (dpovp8 1) pA8'

11'

] x 8 (A11017)‘rfir 8

’

(dpovp8 1)] Mp1f8’

118 2 119 $11 07 7 1'

p118 01511

11[o incipx ov 3109 117 (57 0119) A o’

u1(8) 8 A.

118 2wpoayef(110117 8 1) 8 1'

7 811 07 76p[0]11 7 06 117 (17 0119) 1711017

1ry[p€118 1 7 00 810111117 017

01778 (840011116 11) ,uy (8117 8 31311) ff (dpovpm) 110 8118 8 119.

7 1110117 8 1 (811011118 1) 110 1511 111416001011) 7 8 118 1 811-17011611011) 8178 7 00

ff 7 179 (1rvp6 1) 119.

0811 81 7 61 18 17 8 11111111” (811014118 1)Mme- 8" (807868 1)[8411 7 111101189 17 11111 7 179 1517001511179

17 111106 3411483 , 11p1(0fi9) 8 1 (1 1111017)'

Bmof8' , 6A(15pa9) 8 2 (1rv 9) qf48'

,

x [8 ]A1109 [8111 GETOS‘

) 119

[17 81] 7 06 a'1r6pou 171111017

[111110019 dw’

607 1p «1911 , / (1rvp09)T 1101 ,

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288 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

cf. 70. 6, 63, 98 . 59, 69,and 94 . 22 -

3. 94. 22has x 8 (A110i3)1, which is the only passage whereanumeral occurs betweenthe

Signfor 8708 7018 5and theartabae Cf.notead [01 . The formulaxa(A110ii)11 (8p8 x p appearsasanalternative for the simpler xa(Axoa‘3) 1» ot(roc) (cf. 67 . 66, note), but its interpretationis doubtful. 94. 22might be takentomeanthat zooao- drachmae copper pieces were theequivalent of toartabae of wheat, which wouldmake 400 drachmae the value of oneartaba; but that would beavery low rateas compared with other instances inthis volumeof the price ofwheat ; cf. p. 584.

3915, should strictly be

67 .'

Ap1(a’ the items given under the variousheads in11. 47 , 53 and 67make1 1 1 5 } arourae. The only doubtful number is that inl. 56 ; cf. note on1. 58.

68. 8m7 [l]017 8 1 takes the place of q pa-rfcerm, which is commoner inthis contex t ; in7 511117 8 7 1017 8 1 is the word used.

72. 118 : anadditional arourawas reclaimed at some period betweenthisand the4thyear, fromwhich time onwards there are regularly 6oarourae of ropai cf. 69.

79. 81] f or? ova-«Spas : se. 1 1 8178 17 118 68 1 ; cf. 67 . 67. In7 5 the phrase is reducedto17 81

‘

7 017.

80. clots-plow: 88 1mmisacomprehensive word includingall sorts of pulseand evenmustard cf. 9 . 8 sqq. Here it refers tothema711117 (11. 4887 sqq. Onthe three tax es 7 p1x 01

'

11111011,8n¢7 11vpo¢vA8 111111i11 and (mic -7 1109and the 8811 18

cf. notes on 61. (6) 3 13—9. Theyare here appended to the report of the cropsasin70and 7 5 . Thementionof the 7 p1x 01

'

11111011 is natural, for itsamount boreadirectrelationto the number ofarourae sown. The figures here

,as in61. (Qimplyanartaba

of 40 choenices. The other twotax esalways occur inconjunctionwith e 7 p1x 01'

v1m11.

69. R EPORT or THE CROPS OF CROWN LAND.

305 x 1111. a. c. r14.This report of the crops for the 4thyear of Soter I I is considerably shorter

informandhas fewer details thanany of the others. Thereare nomentionsof reclamations of land or neglected sowing or estimated surplus inwheat ;we havemerelyaconcise statement of the crops sownand the correspondingrents. I t wasmoreover left unfinished ; for though the totals ofacreageandrentalsare givenat the end several of the intermediate sums have not beenfilledin(11. 7 , 20, 39 ; cf. 62 . Notwithstand ing its shortness, the document containsanumber ofmistakes inthe figures, whichare pointed out inthe notes.

Col. i .”

E 7 0119 8, M 1yx 1l0119 xmpoypap/18 7 1'w9K1p111001

’

p18 9. 118 7 8 ¢6AA011 11rt111¢aA8 fov7 06 (17 0119) 07 670011.

69. THE LAND SURVEY

1017 8 711111118 1 118 111 111 7 61 7 (17 11) 8 811 110718 19

5 7 179 (830011708 1)’

q 7 4 8'

, 3111 111¢6(p1011) 119 (17vpoii)2175177 3 .

119 81 7 8 8 (17 09) 18 1787108 1

1711p61 (8p015p8 9) x (8p7 8B8 1)’

E x ,

1511 (dpovpc u) 1114 1 (8p7 11B8 1) 701114 , 7 17B4

8118 84 7'

1'

B'

(8'

p7 11B8 1)91111017 , [17 84 (8'

p7 11B8 1) f f.114 8 A8, 1 7 8

’17 8 , 014 8

'

8118 7 21114 83 £8 4 B4 (8p7 11B8 1) pi17 4 8'

,

1 4141) B 18,

11701017"

1 (8Po6p8 9) 178 8111

17111 (870011708 1) 11B 84 7'

1'

B'

(8p7 11B8 1)Z111B'

, 1B4 8

1184 7 07 4 , B B4 1 ,

Col. 11.

¢8 11631 (871015718 9) pq7 4 8111 111¢6(p 1011)1511 (dpovpc u) 1; 1 A, 177 84 7

'

1'

B'

v11{8'

A8 84 p8 7 , 117 8 qB, Af4

8118 7 p 4 .

7 1110117 8 1 7 179 8 17 8 1 (dpovpat) (8p7 8B8 1)’

I’.

118 1 8AA019 7 11118 1 7 019 117089 1711p811

¢8 8 1$Am1 (8p015p8 9) 1B4 111¢6(p1011)a’w (dpwpm) ( 4 8118) 84 7

'

1'

B'

A8 4 7'

1'

1 7 11 ,

7 16A11 (87006118 9) B 8118 7 (8p7 8B8 1) q ,

111A8 11011011 a(8p7 11B8 1) 8.7 1110117 8 1 8AA019 7 11118 1 114 (8p7 11B8 1)

xAmpof9 8111 1) 81011 178 19 117’

18 x 87 ? 7 17 8 117 110

8718111111 (8p015p8 9) pa1511 111¢6(p1011) 11A5' 4 1'B'8111 (dpovpm)pf 84 7

/ 1B'

(8p7 11B8 1)Z8 1'

B'

, 11(

B M ?) 7 L 1. 11 1141) 7 1111, 11 1101)BA 1191 ,

x 6prw1 A8 611 1117160111011) B

’

8111 (871011708 1) 1{ 84 7'

1'

B'

177 4 1'

B'

, 17 8 11B,

8 7 (8p7 11B8 1) 7 ,

x 0p7 0110110

'

511 17 8 11118 8 17 8 .

7 1110117 8 1 w poi'

9 2118 (8p7 8B8 1) xwyf,‘

U

290 TBE TUNIS PAPYRI

7 159 8'

1017 8 71111111” (871011708 1)’

ApA7 4 8'

1511 (8p7 11B8 1)’

Ax 17'

1'

118 2 119 011 ovréppa015 ” 11718 7 1717 8 1 110016 11) 5 8 f,

8 811 81 7fi1 18 17 8 p01111171) (870011718 1)34 (dpréBm) '

Ax .

7 . The figures have not beencompletely filled in. Theadditionof the followingitems gives 6 1 r%arouraeand 2656} artabae, but thereare twocases of incorrectmultiplication; 1876 inl. 9 should be 1880-3and 2275 inl . u should be

16-

9. Hereagainsome inaccuracies in the figures have crept in; 143 inl. 18 shouldbe 153,and 1 2 2} inl. 19 should be These twoerrors compensate each otheranddonotaffect the total inl. 16, which, however, is short.

20. The number of thearouraehas beenomittedaltogetherand that Of theartabaeis imperfect ; 896} and 38823 are the correct figures.

23. 363 should be29. Ahas beeninadvertently omitted betweenaandm'B' ; themissing 30 is included

inthe total inl. 28.

31 . 5111114 13 : the itemsactual lymake 138175 .

35 . The figures Of theartabae givenin11. 28, 3 1 ,and 34make 6595, not 65 8i .36. Asmight be ex pected fromthe previous inaccuracies, the totals inthis line do

not correspond exactly with those Of the individualamounts, whichare rr32§and38. The Odd numbers have not beenfilled in,as in11. 7 and 20. By theaddition

of 60 to theamounts given in l. 36 the same figuresare reachedas in l. 5 , 1 1932and 4665155 . In7 2. 223 the figures for the 4th, yearare difi'

erent cf. notead 101 .

70. R EPORT OF THE CROPS OF CROWN LAND.

27 x 87 1111. B. C. l l l—O.

Another report by M enches concerning the crops Of the 7thyear ; cf. thethree preceding papyri. Before the end Of the yearhe was succeeded askomogrammateus by Petesuchus ; cf. 7 7 . I . A goodmany corrections of thefigures Of the report have beenmade (by the original scribe)owing toanerrorinthe computationof thearacus, theamount Of whichhas beensubsequentlyreduced by 25 artabae. The corrected figures are inserted above the line ;those first writtenhave inmost casesastroke drawnabove themand notunfrequently havealso beenerased. The originalmistake whichled to thesealterations occurred in l. 45 .

The papyrus is incompleteat the end. Of the six th columnthere remainafew letters fromthe beginnings of the linesand some small pieces. It beganwithalist Of 8118 17 158 1118 similar to 07 . 67—9and 6 8 . 79

—82 ; and proceededto the OnaavpodivAax txdv, 11p88 7 19 eqfialaw,

7 p1x0111111011,and 8811118 ,as in08 . 87 sqq.

The document, however, did not terminate with these items ; and there

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TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

Col. ii i.

15 am? 61 wi de »aw cfx0qo'a[v if xwpis

{ e

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c'a'above $677 5 which '

18 erased. 24. Second 1 Ofmomcorr. froms. 26. ea.enclosed '

inround brackets. 29. Marginal note : 7 'above the line.

Col. iv.

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70. THE LAND SURVEY 293

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294 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

x p16fi(s)at (1114106) 88 15008 9)atxawofi) K (apam

63. MBaboveflyfi'

, which is erased.

Col. 11.

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4. Theartabaeare probably rootoofew ; cf. 164and p. 561 .9- 10. The items of rentadd up to 1more than the total givenhere, but

of themare restorations. The figures 178} and 3169} (which 1 7815)areasubsequentadditionand donotaffect the totals of the rest of the report. How thenumber 1 78} was arrived at is not clear ; but probably it includes the 82} artabaewhich inamarginal note opposite I. 26are transferred fromthe barley tothe wheat.

1 1 is approx imate would be the exact number. Similarly inthe following line 329; should be 3295.

-

4 The numbers a]'yL 448) ‘

yand 07 1148)3Lare derived fromthe lists ontheverso, ll. 74and 7S. 18L 848)7L vLa’ 18 Obtained by subtraction.

25 . zmg’. really 2585 .

26. Themarginal note referring to the omissionOf f x . .rJt was inserted by theoriginal hand. The figures 1nthe 4thand 5thlines give the result of the subtractionOf

27} arouraeand 82} artabae fromthe totals of the barley inl. 24 of the tex t ; the fractions

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296 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

”

E 7 011: 8, 1rap8 Meyx efovs

”poo-8717 118118 7 69 BeBpeype

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’writtenabove kfig' , which is crossed through.

5 . Cf. 69. 5 , which supplies the fractionsat the end of the line.8 . On the verso isalist of 14 persons headed xar ’

d[v]8pa762 in 81107 507 011, withamounts inarourae, ranging from3 to 10,andartabae, the totals ofwhichare respectively

75 } and N O date isadded,but it is evident fromthe nearness of theseamounts to

those in l. 9 here that the list on the verso directly refers to the report on the recto.

I tmay be noted that PhaOphi so, if the ordinary ommr vogar ismeant, should be Nov. 9,which seemsalate date for ex pecting further inundation.

72. R EPORT ON THE CROPS AT KERKEOSIR IS.

9-1 28 15 . Height 3o-7 em. B. c. 1 14—3.

Of this long tex t, similar to 61 but written four years later, wh ichhadbeenbroken into several sheetsand used inwrapping up two crocod iles, thereare four fragments. The first (a, which is not "

printed)consists of twoalmostcomplete columns fromnear the beginning of the l ist Of cleruchs, correspond ingto 62. 47

- 109,and providing no new informationof importance. The second

72. THE LAND S URVE Y 7

(b, cols. i- iii , ll. 1—7o) contains theaccount of land évavyx ptoet, which sectionin01. (b)occup ies 11. 19—109. A fter this twoormore columns which containedall theaccount Of land év inrokéycpafter the 39thyear and the beginning ofthe descriptionof land i v {moM ycp up to the 39thyearare lost. The th irdfragment (e, cols. iv—x iii, ll. 7 1—28 1)preserves the rest of theaccount of landi v inrokdycp, with the summary Of totals hitherto reached , correspond ing to

61. (8) 160- 25 2 and part of the l ist of Kartix tpm118551101 (cf. 61. (8) 2533Between cols.mmand x iv, where fragment (d) begins, there isabreak, butit is improbable thatmore thanone column, ifany, is lost, for the xardxmotare still the subject of col. x iv, 11. 284 -

303. The following eight columns(x v- x x n) deal with k pri (11. 304 o-vrépnara, 8811110 and certain tax es(ll. 310-

35 , cf. 01. (8)299—310)and land év 82 101-801 1 (11. 336—439, correspond ing

to 61. (8)346 and the last of these, which comes toanend inthemiddleof the page, probably concluded the whole document. The versoof cols. x —x ii

contains twomore columns (x x iiiand x x iv, 11. 440—72) inad ifferent hand (thatof M enches himself), which wereapparently apendant to the sectiondealingwith land Iv ovyx ptoet. This papyrus therefore covers nearly the whole groundoccupied by 01. (b),and since alarge part of the two documents is verballyidentical they serve to supply each other’

s lacunae. Thereare, however, someconsiderable differences between them, partly owing to the interval of . timebetween their respective dates, partly owing to changes in the arrangement.One sectionwhich in61. (6)is dealt with inthe class of land év o-vyxptoet occursin 7 2 (11. 185

- 2 19) in that Iv snowy? with anew head ing ex plaining thecircumstances of the change, whileanother sectionwhich occurs in61. (8)iv inroM iycp is treated in7 2. 35

-

44 under the heading év ovyxploet. Theaccount Of

the xaréx tpot xAfipot ismuch longer in 72, andalmost entirely d ifferent fromthat in61. In these respects 72agrees with 04 . (b), which though very

fragmentary occasionally serves to supplement the lacunae Of 7 2. Theaccountof x ltmpd in72has no corresponding section in61. though it was promisedin 61. (a) 206, but on the other hand the tax ing- list in 01. (8) 323- 45 is

not found in 7 2. The sectionadded on the verso Of 7 2 is’

peculiar to thatpapyrus.Onthe general import Of th is documentand themeaning of the chief technical

terms see A pp. i . 4—10. The papyrus was drawnup inthe 4thyear, to

wh ich theaccount of the Crownlands refers ; the details of the cleruchic landare concerned with the previous year (cf. 60and The 11018 1116}.o l istfor the 4thyear is ex tant in69, which seems to have beendrawnup before 7 2,

sinceareclamationwhich took place during that year is omitted inthe formerbut recorded inthe latter (cf. notes onll . 3o7 - 2o).

298 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

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TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

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72. THE LAND SURVEY

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304 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

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72. THE LAND SURVEY 305

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TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

Col. x i i i.

265 [118 2 0108 1 11y09

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(8111 800600111) g¢[

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72. THE LAND SURVEY 309

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TE B TUN IS PAP-YR I

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312 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

Col. x ix .

811 1 579 70 11111081109 121118 088 9 11118 1 801 8

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72. THE LAND SURVEY 313

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TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

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316 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

written, tworeclamations fromthe 15116801100had beenmade, the land being letatareducedrent. The details of this periodare given inll. 24—44, those of landhe w yxpt’au beforethe 4othyear in11. 45—70. The total first writteninl. 22, 8 1811,artabae, was the sumof 22)and the figure originally writteninl. 20. The revised sum, 87 :artabae,isnot quite correct, the right total being 8745. InI. 224 it is givenas

24—34. Land whichhas beenleased for the 4thyear by the personwho ex ercised

the functions of strategusand overseer of the revenues to Phaies, Marres, Horus, andtheirassociates, shrine- bearers of the great great god M estasutmis, roarourae, of whichthe rentat 2 43 artabae was 29

45artabae, instead of whichit is let for 10 yearsat artaba,for 10 yearsmore at 1, and thenceforwardat 1 artaba; reckoning at i , 21} artabae.

Difference z 6§ artabae. CrOp pasture-grass : cultivated by thoseabove-mentioned.

’

27 . anew Gracco-Egyptiandeity, like Phembroe'ris (87 . In94 . 34 this land is called the land of M estasutmis, butas the present passage shows itwas 30018003not 1106 ; cf. notes on93 . 5 5 and 94. 34. This reclamationis not noticedin69

,where the totals of the cultivated land- ihthe 4thyearare smaller thanin 72 ;

cf. 1. 223, note.

35—44. Cf. 61. (6) 1 10—4, where this land is under theheading of 1

’

v Inthe 53rd year it was announced inthe ofii ce of the dioecetes at Alexandriathat the24 arourae whichhad once belonged to Amphicles were leased for pastureatarentof 1artabatothearoura.

35 . is used as equivalent to cf. the confusion betweenthe two verbs in60. 69.

44. 1 2 1135, is the sumof the 0168000 inll. 33and 42 . The correct figure is 1 2 1g .

45 . Cf. 61 . (6)31and p. 5 53.

46—5 2. Cf. 61. (6)70—7 .

49. 8110 «L : in61. (6)72-

5 the 1 5§aroura.are divided (no doubtmore correctly)intoaof 680001?and 13 ofaconfiscated 1186001.

5 1. 1163 should be 168,as is shownbothby thearithmeticand 61. (b)76.

5 3. Themissing firsthalf of this columncanbe supplied from61. (0)77- 96.

5 5 - 70. Cf. 61. (0)97- 109.

5 9. in61. (0) 10 1 theamount is The details of the wheat, barley,and olyraarehere omitted.

68. 0001886510 1 : cf. 61. (0) 22 and 89,and for the restorationof the figu

61. (0)107- 8.

7 1—98. For this sectiondealing with6800011 7 5; placed 111 before the 4othyearcf. 01. (0)160-84,and 149, note.

80. xa(8xoi3) in 61. (b) 168 the x 8 81069 is ignored and the 11006: reckonedas365artabae.

82. Tfitpéfl'

tflt : cf. 61. (0) 170, note.

92. In61. (0) 179 the number of thearourae is givenas cf. the nex t note.

The figure 001 is obtained by thearithmetic ; it should be but fractions of theartababelow 1

1,are commonly disregarded inthis papyrus.

97 . Cf. 7 4 . 54, where the figuresare the same, 60. 9, where theartabaeare 1613}and the number of thearourae is 3 less thanhere,and 61. (6) 183, where thearouraeare 3 fewer, the artabae approx imately 13 fewer. The discrepancy in the arouraebetween 7 2and 61 is no doubt due to the difference in72. 9: (cf. notead fromthe corresponding figure in 61. (6) 1 79. The inconsistencies regarding the artabaearemore difficult owing to the great variations in the figures. It is probable thatthe number givenin00. 91 , 16 13 , ismost nearly correct,and that in72. 97and7has dropped out before y’. For thoughthe lacunae in ll. 1 z 5and 133 prevent us from

72. THE LAND SURVEY 17

being absolutely certain that the 680008 was there treated as yielding 16133artabae,not 16103, the fact that the sumof the items in11. 133

—4 is just 3 toomuchif the

080001: is there reckoned as 1610} artabaemakes it ex tremely likely that 7has beenomitted before 7' in l. 97. Whether 1613; or 16105 is the realamount of theartabaeof the 680001} here, the difference between that numberand found in6 1. (0)183is opento the same ex planationas the variationinthearourae, viz . that it was due to thedifference intheartabae inl. 92, whichareapprox imately 143more thanin61. (6)1 79.

99—1 20. Land that was 1

’

v f17ro owing to it being flooded ; cf. 61. (6) 185—201and notes.ryfa' z in61. (6 185 the corresponding number is 10 less, the difi'

erence affectingthe following total 0 the wheatand the total inl. 200, whichis of. 72. 1 1 8

,where

it is 9265. 3, not i , is the correct fraction cf. note on61. (6)200.

1 2 1-

34. Cf. 61. (6)202- 10.

The sums of the various itemsmay be tabulatedas follows500008 1. 801638 1. 11110017.

16105 1 504%926394%

Total.Correct total.51069.

Total.Correct total. 5 2955 26597} 2 2263 195 -H1 1633 7 23Of the errors inthearithmetic that in the total of thearourae inl. 1 25 is probably

due toaconfusionbetweenaand 8,or to the neglect of the difference in the total

of the 680008 whichishere 329 (cf. notes onll. 92 and while in01. (0)183 it was3 less. This error does notacot the later total of thearourae in l. 132, if we takethe revised figures there. The totals of theartabaeare lost bothin l. 1 25and l. 132,but canbe restored by theadditionof the several items. There was probablyanerror

somewhere inthis column, for theadditionof the wheat, barley, &c .,in11. 133-

4 comesto 2659 while the items of the 8800011 6110make 3 less thanthis. I t ismost probablethat the ault lay intheartabae of the whichshould be 1613§ instead of 16 103 ;cf. note on1. 97 . The sumof the wheat inl. 1 26 is noless than1 5 short, but the error

practically disappears in the later total inl. 133, where the difference betweenthe totalgivenand the correct total is only i artaba. Probably inCopying fromaprevious document like 61. (0)the scribe took the number 2 176 (61. (0)205)andadded onthe increasein72. 1 19, whichisabout 10 larger than the corresponding figure in61. (0) 200, but

forgot toadd onthe increase of 14§artabae in 72. 92 .

1 28 . dvayq paqpe’m: cf. notes on61. (6)202and 207.

132. The number of thearourae writtenabove the line is the correct figure ; cf.note on11. 1 2 1-

34.

135- 7. These lines give the total of the land e’

v 62 08670 up to this point. Thenumber of theartabae canbe restored by subtracting the figure inl. 2 20

, from4838§ inl. 225 ; cf.note onI. 22 1 . The individual itemshoweverof the 00069, 110106, 810 ,addup to3more than so8andahave beenconfused somewhere,most probably inl. 136,where the totalof the 110106 should be ’

A2€cy’

but owing to the loss of the sectiondealingwiththe land placed Iv 611086119after the 4othyear the totals cannot be verified. If theadditionof the twoclasses of land 3» {11:o was correct, theamount of the 13116807011 which

18 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

became soafter the 391hyear was 360135 arourae produc ing 187511,artabae. In7 4 . 8

(cf. 7 5 . 2 2)340-33arouraeand artabaeare takenas the figuresat the beginning ofthe 4thyear, being reduced by the end of that year to 2951

95 and 15 595 (1. The

inconsistency between7 2and 7 4 withregard to the {maloyou 8110mi“ 0 21009 is balanced byacorresponding difference inthe 1 06 8031001 ; cf. 7 4. 5 5 , note.

138—84. Cf. 61. (0)2 13—46and notes.

185- 204.

‘Land whichin the 54thwhichthe l st year (was placed ininaccordance withthe minute of the dioecetes, on whichit was necessary to

exact the difference of the rents because of the lapse of time, the landhaving beenleased to certain persons in the period preceding the 39thyear, about whichthetopogrammateis and komogrammateis wrote saying that in the meantime it hadbecome unprofitable, but remained there (c’v 007 1010 11) until it should be known fromthe inspection of the fields whether this was the case, and quoting theminutewhichhad been issued upon the survey of the crops for the 47thyear in the caseof the division of Heraclides Let the basilico-

grammateus byhimself hold aninquiry, and if the land is reported in the class of unproductive landand the lesseesare dead, the difference is not to be exacted whenit was knownthat it was inthe classof unproductive landand the topogrammateus wrote that the lessees were dead it wasplaced inthat category.

’

185 . The constructionand sense of this paragraphare rather obscure. There isno corresponding section in 81. for the individuals who come under thisheading,ll. 205 sqq., are there dealt withinanother part of the papyrus concerning land inmagpie“ ; (61. (6)45 This section,however, occurs withthe sameheadingasherebut inaverymutilated condition in 64. whichserves to restore some of thelacunae, preserving (l. ¥x [e]1 (l. and r

‘

; 761 whichhas dropped out ofl. 197 owing tohomoioteleuton. I t is clear that the transference of the difi

'

erencebetween the originaland reduced rents of this land fromthe category of 1’v w yxpiaatothat of e

’

v 611-0867? took place inthe 54thyear,andapparently the occasionof the changewas that, aconsiderable timehaving elapsed since the land was letatareduced rent,it was necessary to tryand recover the difference. The to grammateis and komogrammateishowever wrote that the landhad inthemeantime i. e. betweenthe 39thands4thyears)become unproductive, but was still retained c

’

vmxpt’aatemporarily until the

real facts should be discovered byaninvestigation,and quotedasaparallela2 00111170806of the dioecetes inthe 47 thyear onasimilar occasion(ll. 189 This 118018 1708 101} is

given in11. 197—200,and was to the effect that the basilico-

grammateus shouldhimselfinvestigate thematterand find out ( 1)whether the land was really unproductive,and ( 2)whether the lessees were dead. I f bothconditions were fulfilled the rents should not be, orrather could not be, increased. Suchproved tobe the case,and therefore the 8160000: wasplaced c

’

v 131108679 instead of £0 007 1060 11as previously. I t is not easy tosee under whatcategory in 7 2 thearou raeand reduced rents wereaccounted for,and the present passageignores the distinctionwhichgenerallyholds good elsewhere (thoughcf. 7 4 . 66- 7)that withland 1

'

v ovyxpc'

oaonly the difference betweenthe originaland the reduced rent is reckoned,while land 611-08670 is not only credited withthe whole of the original rent but withthe number ofarouraeas well; of. pp. 5 7 1 sqq. The sectionadded onthe verso seemsto refer to somewhat similar proceedings in connex ionwithanother piece of land (cf.ll. 440 but the sense of that passage too is difi cult toobtain.

1 87 . 11008 8 x06v8 1 : se. 8118 1198 10011 ; cf. 1. 2 18, &c.

189. 010000110171 : so. 762. as reverts to 1 6» inl. 1 85 , se. 6006001.

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TBE TUN IS PAPYR I

236—45 . Fromthe five cleruchs whoseholdings were 1016x 1001 inthe 3rd year (1. 227)

one is subtracted fromthe list for the 4thyear becausehehad paid the demands of theState infull. This was Orses, aimépovpos 1116s (cf. 61. (a) whoseholdinghadbecome 1016x 1001 tothe ex tent ofayear’

s rent 11001 8184160170111 1100861 111 , i. 1 . becausehehadstolenor destroyed the sheep belonging to the ax e-0100611, 11060080: (cf. 64. (0) InI. 231 only 16} artabaeare stated to be due fromhim, this being the balance owing inthe3rd year fromhis original debt of 328artabae (64 . (b)26) but inll. 244- 5 the whole32} artabaeare subtracted fromthe total in l. 235 . There is the further difi culty thatthoughonly one 111-16000009 is found inthe first list, whomwehave identified withOrses,another 11116000002, if not several, ismentioned inl. 266 cf. 64 . (0)24-

9, where two1m;0011001 occur besides Orses. But theabsence ofanymentionof these two inll. 228-

34seems toshow that theyhad paidall their debt by the 3rd year,and that out of the fourcleruchs concerned inthe 01006017011 npofidmv in64 . (6)14—29 the only one whoseholdingremained 1016x 1001 for that reasoninthe 4thyear was th

240. 001 10186 1 : cf. 5 . 54, note.

241- 2.

'

Cf. 11. 264- 5 , 64 . (0) 19and note on5 . 27 .

246—58. The second case is that of M eniscus son of Ptolemaeus, an ephodus,who is the individualmentioned in l. 230. I t is described in identical languagein64. (6) 6 sqq.

,andmuchmore briefly in 61. (0) 256—60 ; cf. 00. 105- 6. On the1100081

'

Nr0u s 011 see note on 61. (b) 254. Thoughthe section, whichis absentin that papyrusand ismutilatedhere (ll. 249 canbe rendered almost completeby acomparisonwiththe parallel passage in 64 . the construction is even ,

morethanusually crabbed and obscure,and wehave not beenable to find asatisfactoryex planationfor it or to discover the connex ionbetweenthe payments ingoldand the1 20artabae of wheat for whichM eniscus was liableand of whichhehad paidanamountof barley equivalent to 20artabae inthe 491hyear (1. 25 7 ; cf. 61. (0) It is to behoped that some of our readersmay bemore fortunate, formentions of gold-

paymentsare very rare inpapyri,and the ratio of gold to silver is still wholly uncertain.

25 5 . Probably v]n,if the 200 units of gold (orartabae paid ingold) inl. 254are

different fromthe 225 inl. 25 1 . But theamount seems enormous.259- 72 . Cf. 64. (6) 14

—29, where theheading is the same but the list of personsunder it isarranged difi'

erently ; cf. note onll. 236—45 .

260. Asclepiades was the upoof éme of the x exapwpe'n) 11000080: (cf. App. i. 7)atTebtunis. Probaby every villlagehad land of this category (cf. 81. 4, 19, 83 . 49but if theamounts elsewhere were not larger thanat Kerkeosiris, where the sex -101071511)110600801 only came to 78 arourae, the of avillage would nothavehadmuchoccupation. The personsmentioned in ll. 266 sqq.had caused some damage(M S)to the sheep belonging to the nx upwpc'm11068 0809 of Tebtunis ; cf. notes onll. 22 —

45.

165 . [mi 07 08 1-17706 : cf. 64 . (0) 19. But it is very likely that this is acontracted

formof 8 117 70 0179ml 8101217106 61161 1 fir 0108 1 17769 (cf. 11. 241 though“ parry-yd were

often007 71118 , e. g. Ptolemaeus (42. Lysanias (41.270. The sign in themarginhere and in l. 335 is similar to that found else

where (e.g. 00. 101) for «8d» . But it isheremore probably used to indicate thatpaymenthadactually beenmade, inwhichcase itmay beanabbreviationof insome form.

304- 10. A brief statement of land sown withgreenstufi

'

s suchas is found in67 . 44- 5 7 , 69. 27- 35 , &c. ; cf. 61. (a) 206, where the 81011 170 1: x 8008 1 is said tohavebeenappended 30x 61“ , thoughit does not occurat the point corresponding to thissectioninany of the ex tant portions of 61 (cf. 67 . 41

—3, note).

72. THE LA ND SURVEY 32 1

305 . The reference in110861 1 1106218 01 is toapreviousaccount of 77811716 whichwasappended to the lost 118 1 8 068801 sectionof 72, and whichon theanalogy of 61. (a)1 82 sqq. corresponded with69. 2 7

—35 , thoughcf. note on1. 309.

The figuresagree withthose in 69. 28 . Thoughthe rent fromland sownwitharacus is not there reduced to the usual 3915,artabae of wheat paid incopper, thereis no reasontodoubt that this was done subsequently.

309. The details of x dpf osand x dp‘ros 1006 » (cf. 60. 82 , note)are givenseparately in

69 . 31—4, the x éproc being 31arourae yielding 1411

5,artabae,and x dpf os 1006 1 8 1arourae

yielding 8 1artabae. There is thusadifference of 10 inthe total number of thearouraeand of 2 inthat of the artabaeas compared withthe figures in this papyrus. Thedifference is due to the reclamationof 10arourae yielding 2} artabae in the 4thyear,whichis notmentioned in69 ; cf. 1. 27 , note.

310. 60arourae was the customaryamount of themyca' fromthe 4thyear onwards ;cf. 68 . 7 2 , note.

3 1 1—20. Cf. 61. (6)299- 308and notes.

314. There is nomentionhere of land unsownthroughnegligence,as in61. (6)303,for inthe 4thyear there was no80110002 ; cf. 69 .

3 ! 7 . 1 179 16 11 { 88 8 8 6110011 31800081111 is equivalent to 1 139 5111 11 8 011088851019 1 17111 tim1?p i (61. (6)22 These 98arourae were 0117 1010 11,and the 91 sown

withx 60,“ 100551 canbe identified withthe entri es inll. 5 5—6 1and 24—34. The 7arourae

bearing wheat were nodoubtmentioned inone of the lost entries inll. 23—70.

32 1-

3. Cf. 61. (6) 317-

9, where this section follows that upon061 118 instead of

preceding itashere.

323. The number ofarourae is restored from1. 3 1 7 cf. 61. (0)306and 3 19. Theamount of the tax was 130 ofanartabaonthearouracf. note on61. (6)31 7- 9.

324—8 . Cf. 61. (0)313—6, where the wording isalittle different.

329—30. I t is not clear to what these two lines, whichhave nothing corresponding

to themin61. (6)andare separated fromthe preceding sectionbyaslight space, refer.I f x 1q parw01'mv (se. 8 115008 1 8) is to be supplied With1 6 11, it is possible that certaincleruchsaremeant (cf. 11. 331- 4)and that theartabae refer to the repayments of loansof seed- com.

331—5 . This section too is wanting in61. (6)and is obscurely worded. A loan

of seedhad beenmade to the 06mmunder Horusand Pesouris ; cf. 61. (a)107 , whichshows that they were twelve innumberand owned 78arourae. Marres the topogrammateushadhowever failed toproduce the list of the borrowers,and thereforehad becomehimselfliable for the repayment of the loan, 16 (P)artabae, whichdebthe is stated tohavefulfilled betweenPauni 1 1 and 20 of the 3rd year. Themarginal signopposite I. 335is the sameas that opposite I. 2 70,and is perhaps to be ex plainedasanabbreviationof 118130179.

336—439. Cf. 61. (0)34

6- 430. The sectiondealing withthe tax ofhalfanartabaand the 7000001 1161 (61. 323—45)ishereabsent.

339. The number of the artabae is larger by 100 thanthat in61. (6) 349 ; cf.

note on1. 2 22.

378. Cf. 61. (0)375—6, fromwhichthe wordshere omitted owing tohomoioteleutonhave beensupplied.

384. 8 (3m): in61. (6) 38 1 80 whichis preferable, since this year shouldbe later thanthe 3rst inl. 349 cf. p. 5 79.

403. The 85 arourae (for whichartabaehas been written bymistake)are theremainder of the 25 1 arourae (l. 380)after the 166arourae whichhave beenaccountedfor inll. 388- 402have beendeducted ; cf. 61. (0)396.

Y

TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

425 . flaps t orn-[oz cf. 99. 10. I t is practically equivalent to 16 1181201 .

440—7 2 . It is probable that this section, writtenon the verso in M enches’

ownhandwriting, belongs to the same category (c’v ouyxpt'oa)as ll. 1—70. The circumstancesaremore or less parallel to those described inll. 185 sqq., thoughowing to the imperfectconditionof the tex t themeaning ofmuchof it is uncertain. The land in questionhad originally been cultivated by the agents of Dionysius, the king’

s chief. cup- bearer

(l. At some period of whichthe date is not givenareduction in the rent wasallowed by Ptolemaeus, the dioecetes, onthe occasionofavisit to the district (ll. 440Subsequently orders were issued to raise the rent to its former level orhigher, butthe komogrammateisat the examinationof the revenuesheld before the 81807 101 13: objectedthat it was impossible to increase the rent because even before the 39thyear, whenthe disturbances took place, the land was unable to bear thehigher rate (11. 448Upon this the 318000161 , Irenaeus, issuedaminute (ll. 453 giving instructions fordealing withthe defic iency. The terms of thisminute and the nature of the nex tstep in the proceedingsare obscure ; but later on inconsequence ofareport presentedto the dioecetesat M emphis by the agents of Ptolemaeus, who seems tohave beenthe 1106111 8 0 responsible for collecting the sums in dispute (ll. 462 anotherminutewas issued inwhichthe dioecetes consented to forgo the proposed increase, providedthat evidence was produced that thehigher ratehad not been exacted up to the391hyear and the basilico-

grammateus gave an undertaking that it could not nowbe collected. The result of this (ll. 467- 9) was that after the inquiry the land wasplaced 111 1029 13110 1 17111 ypappare'mvhw u ¢0178 00€m9 (cf. 1. aconclusionwhichseemssomewhat impotent but was practically equivalent to placing it 1

'

v 007 101011, like the01160100:assigned to cleruchs. Finally (ll. 470—2) there is astatement of the originaland the reduced rents, the difference on the whole amount of 2 104} arourae being400artabae.

440. Perhaps 16 1: 161] 0: (21 11) but the chronology of this sectionis very difficult.

445 . dfl‘

l'

M f : cf. 28 . 5 .

449. 011 1679 818 70111069 : cf. 61. (6)37 .

E ipqvalou {as} 37807 18 1013 : on the Jamaal, who were the officialauditors of theaccounts in the nomes under the supervisionof an31807 10161 in chiefat Alexandria,see Rev. Laws, pp. 87—8 , Wilcken, I . pp. 494

-

5 . Probably the 81807 107 69 inchief,whooccupiedapositionlittle inferior to that of the dioecetes, isheremeant. His name,I renaeus, coincides withthat of the dioecetes who is so oftenmet withinthe papyriof the early part of Soter I I’s reign,and it ishighly probable thathe was the same person.It is not clear whether these proceedings took place inabout the 47thor 4sthyears,or in the 5 2nd year (ll. 441 124. 19, where I renaeus the is againmentioned, perhaps inthe 5 3rd year, is rather infavour of the later date. The 311807 101411about the 49thyear was perhaps Parthenius (61. (0)

459. Probably should be read, inwhichcase the nex t line, of whichthe beginning is lost, and l. 46 1 contained abriefminute, althoughl. 461 does notrecede inthe original like ll. 453—6. The dioecetes seems tohave imposed penaltiesuponthe komogrammateus cf. P. Amb. I I . 33. 35 . For 3181011 121 ‘

collect’

cf. 27 .

5 7 , &c.

466. 06 11000157 1 11 : cf. 11. 199 - 200.

470. 018 0has clearly beenomitted bymistake,as is shownby the nex t line,whichaccounts for only 65arourae (approx imately),and by the sumof theartabae,Wt hon45 arourae would implyarent of 24§artabae—anunheard-of rate. Assumingthat 145 } arourae is the proper figure the rate of the rent should be 73, but the letter

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324 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

Hpm180x 101 A tovva'fov T ii9 (11061 10011) 7 1007 0008111” 15118

458 158 109 1 017c

11011031011 118 23 11106019 118 2”

120011 1 017 H11 10015x 011

118 2 1 6311 pe(1 6x 0w) (8001108 1) 8 , ai w i v [1 8] 110011117 170(800€vor)

8x ¢6(010v) (8001106311)11 8v(8) 1 0{ K1 } , 1 8118 BA x 1, 8 (801838 1)0111,

x 8 2 tin’a1fi9 818 1 00”

120011 1 (80185 8 1) v,

118 21 579 818 H11 10015x 0u 1 (801838 1)0, (8001108 1) 11 (801888 1) 5

Tavpfo'

x cot’

Arro880>vt'

ov 1 89 011 1111y170(800€va9) 8 1316311 8118

4 17017101311 1 00 7 108 118 188011) if é¢6(8aw) (8001108 1)10 (801808 1)

9111088001181” A tovvm’ov 189 7 10107 17048 8 9 13

118 Qaflo'

tos‘

c

11011811011 [11]al 5401181101) 1017 (8001708 9) 15 (801888 1)

(8001108 1) 11 [(8018fiat)118 2 1 611 811 1651 VB

[H]017m’amp fau 189

8006x 011 (8001508 9) K 118 2

I 5 . faIi’ Of 18 11011111011 0011. 1. 8 1518 1

1 7 . 1 8 9 aboveanerasure. 20. This line writtenthrough

Col. 11.

¢v88 x 11 5 w 811080?‘

H08 118 11'

8011 1 00

1 811 1100v1180x [0]v1 8 au[0 0

Kaf fvxvvat (WWW ) 7 61097 106401915118 H11 10015x 0v [1017] 911

’fl[0011 310017 178 109 110819 x €(0aov)Beginnings of lines of the rest of the column.

5—7. The error withwhichM enches chargeshis predecessors was that whenthesecleruchs receivedarable instead of uncultivated land fromthe Crown, the komogrammateisincreased the total of the uncultivated land in their reports instead of callingattention

74. THE LAND SURVEY 325

to the irregularity whichhad occurred,as was done in the case of the cleruchsmentionedin 61. (0) 2- 7 and 2 13

—45 . The case of E tphemounis (cf. 1. 27)was indeed brought

before the authorities (cf. 66 . 85 buthe was notmentioned in61. (b) 2-

7 , asapparentlyhe ought tohave been; cf. p. 569. Imp inl. 6 perhaps refers to the Inin 61. (be

229.

8. haeremonsonof Theonhad disappeared fromthe lists of cleruchs before the5 rst year, to which62 refers. The 50arourae ,whichbelonged tohimwereassignedtoProtarchus ; cf. 64. (8)5 7 .

1 5 . Tavpt'c x cu : cf. 63. 1 15 , 64. (a7 1 ,and 61. (0)261- 84, note.

1 7 .

'

A110880» lm: cf. 62. 1 22. e owned 50arouraeat Kerkeosiris of whichovertwentyhad been 0111501001. The figure after 11 in l. 19 ismore like thananythingelse,and in that case the figureafter 11heremust be 1 ; but the vestigesare too slighttobe conclusive.

2 1 . cf. 62. 133- 7 .

27.‘

Hpax 8a'600 : cf. 68 . 91, 66 . 85—7 ,and note on11. 5—7above.

31 .

'

0[pov 10]i'

1 cf. 63 . 8. Heandhis companions cultivated 1 5 arouraebelonging to the god Suchus. Thata7 1007161 who presumablyhad leased 11021 16 inthe ownership of the temple should come inalist of persons whohad received grantsof 0116011109 instead of phone is remarkable. Probably the 1108 y?) of Suchusat Kerkeosiris,or some of it,had beenarecent giftassigned to the temple fromthe 60018011)7 5; 11 {11108670like the land giventocleruchsand toSoknebtunis ; cf. p. 544. The fact that the beginningof l. 31 ranges withl. 26 indicates that this wasanew entry.

74. REPORT or UNPRODUCTIVF. LAND.

33 x (me D. C. 114- 30

Thisand the nex t papyrus (7 5 )are systematic reports fromM enches of theCrownlandsat Kerkeosiris that were 811 1511086y1p, i. e. unproductive for variousreasons ; cf. 60. 109

- 26, 61. (b) I to—247 , 7 2. 7 1—22 1. They refer to two

consecutive years, the 4thand 5thof Soter I I ; and bothare arranged onasimilar plan. The same amount of 151168071011 is takenas the starting-

pointineither case, the total being the sameas that givenfor the 4thyear in7 2. 225 ,

and fromthis various deductionsaremade onaccount of reclamations. Thetotalat the end of the year is thus reachedand is dividedas usual into two

parts, land whichbecame unproductive up to the 39thyearand that fromthe4othyear onwards, and the threefold classification of the kinds of unpro

ductive land, ( pfipoxos, 8800019and x £0009, is thengivenunder these twomainsubdivisions.

The two documentsare rather careless pieces of work,and areat timesinconsistent witheachother and with72, whichpartially covers the sameground ingreater detail, but was writtenearlier inthe 4thyear than74 ; there

TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

arealsoanumber of obvious blunders inarithmetic. 7 5 contains some interestingmentions of reclamations inthe 5thyear by M encheshimselfand by Horusand Marres

,the basilico-

grammateusand the toparch(cf. 10. and of2 11817001 given to M enches (cf. p .

Onthe versoof this papyrus was writtenthe preceding tex t,7 3. The roll

was incorrectlymade up, the first felt} being joined oninsuchamanner that itsverso corresponds withthe rectoof the remainder.

Col. i .

”

E 1 009 8, 11808 M 171x efa119K1011100

'f0109. 8110807 107189 131110867 011 81101 8 8

060011 100 8118 100 0 (310119) 118 1 1017 3819 1 00

118 2 107111 100

5 81011117106 71118 1011 01160011 8 0001209 88 118 2

1 579 81108 71611179 119 01210018 111 8x06118 1

8118 1 00 119 10 1 (8109) 811 1 579 8618 9.

1 00 8118 1 00 [ 1 (810119) 10177 9"

(801808 1)‘

144101Ly'

1'

118 1 1 00 3219 1 00 80 (810119) 101498 (801808 1)10 78110111 8 1 151108601011) 11891 . (801 808 1)

8111 8 118 100110610111 88 16511 11008 177 7 18

1 09 810111117100 71118 1 8V 111160011

[10]fi 8 (310119) 811 1 579

8118 80006x 011 1 579 811 1611 110 (51 11) 7 4 ,15 118 2 8118 88 1160011 1 579 811 161 718 (81 11) (8001108 1)

(8001108 1) 11, 8111 611 01, 8110’8111

811 1479 85019 8112 [1811 (81 17) 1 8118 L

118 3 111 1011 80111811 x0611011 8118 8 ,

118 1 8 8 1111011 8 1)(8001108 1)1p118 L (801808 1) l 811010[f)] 717 111177 9

"

(801808 1) 8109 80(810119) (807 808 1)Tfyu'

B'

8111 17118 1 1 179 8111180811179 119 [ £1064 l 8]x0fi118 1

8118 1 06 11’

s 1 8 1 811 1579 84518 9 118 2 08 0

110089 8118 15110867 011 1 017 8118 71] (810119)

(8001508 9) 8 , 07111 511 008 L1'

q", 8111

8113 0811 (51 17) 1 8118 8’

118 2 811’

(8117) 1

88 1811 80111811 x0611011 8118 8 .

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328 TE B 1 11s PAPYRI

Col. i ii.

118 2 1 00 3009 1 013 A0 (11 0119)8[A10001

'

809 611 118 2 118 1 150008 1 x 801v

[163]v 1111111x 01'

1'10w 158810111

1 1108'

(80185 8 1)w ’

,

épfipfixkv (80185 8 1)

x €000[v] 818 1 8 11808 1112008 1 1571 A011ri7‘

1

84160811 115 8'

(801 85 8 1) d8L8'

,

(8001108 1) (801 85 8 1)1’

71506x 011 1 179 111 17011 17010171

1108 1 (80185 8 1)

¢1108'

17'

1'15f

(801 85 8 1)118 3 1 1011 8 1 111 1631 finchéymt 1 179

1 10211

81112 1fi9 111101 8A1111’

179 x 1’

001111

(8001108 1) 71“(80185 8 1) 2A81'

5'

,

118 2 8118 16311 111 00111101011

818 10600111 (80185 8 1)

11 01118 1) [1811

1 00 1019 1ou A0 (110119) 1011478 17 19"

100 81 8110x 6(yov) 8x017(0'

1011)wqaL (80185 8 1)'

Ax 115 q"

54. x ty’

over erasure of 17'

1 5 5 . 6 of‘

A10corr. from17. 5 8. 0of 3 41710corr.from

6-

7 . 1179 8008 71111171 this land was letat reduced rentsand therefore 017 110121 11 ;

cf. 61. (b)22and p. 5 72.

8—10. The figuresare the same in7 5 . 22-

4 ; cf. 7 2. 2 2 1 , where the general totalof the inro

’

koyovagrees. As amatter of fact the two sets of numbers givenadd upto9363arouraeand 48391}artabae. At the end of 1. 9 1

’

g-’

isamistake for { 5 (cf. 1.the same sliphas beenmade 'ml. 24.

16. 01 : in'75 . 28 7

'

isadded.

11111 x ]opf ovopés is ex pectedand should no doubt be restored (cf. 7 5 .

but was certainly not written,the 0 is quite clearand the vestiges of the preceding

letter suggest 1 rather than0. Theremayhave beensome confusionwithx e’pcoc.23. 0] 11 0119 : cf. 7 5 . 38. The figures there of the land leased difi'

er slightly fromthose givenhere.

3c . The subtractionof these totals fromthose for the period since the 4othyearin gives the same numbersas thosearrivedat byaddition111

74. THE LAND SURVEY 399

3 1-

7. This repetitionof theheading (cf. ll. 1—7)seems quitemeaningless. Somethingshouldhave stoodhere corresponding with7 5 . 44

-

7 and 54- 5 . ml dxpéo-rov (310111)is to be connected withl. 38, 6116 1 017 etc «10 1 (frog) going withdx éijmas inl. 7 ;cf. 7 6 . 56.

33. upoo-

qypc’mv : but upoonyyehpéw v in11. 4 and 1 1. For this confusion between

the twowords cf. 60. 69, note.

37—42. These 46} arourae whichbecame waterlogged in the srstand 44thyears

seemto be the remainder of the '

95§ described in 61. (6) 1 16—9, the resthavingin themeantime beenagain brought under cultivation. The water fromTheogonisand Tali is not,however,mentioned inthat passage inconnex ionwiththis land. By thefollowing year the 36} arourae whichbecame fpfipoxos in the fi rst yearhad been still

further reduced to 1 5arourae (7 5 . 46,

43—9. Ct

’

. 61. (6) 1 2 1—42, where this ismore fully described. The onlydifi

'

erence in the figures of the two passages is that in 61. (6) 137 the land whichbecame salt in the 4othyear is givenas 1 793arouraeat 9991artabae, i . e. 20 arouraeand 100 artabaemore than the numbershere (I. I tmust be concluded that20arouraehad beenreclaimed inthe interval. The total of theartabae inl. 45 shouldbe less by 1 cf. 61. (b) 130. The samemistake ismade in7 5 . 64.

50. The items in ll. 42 and 49make sg5i , so the 115is unaccounted for ; but

the three strokes representin the fractionsare clear, and 295133 is the number given

by the previous subtraction5325135 30,ll. 20 and I t is

,however, noticeable

that in7 5 . 41 the number of thearourae subtractedashaving beenleased is 30115 insteadof 30. I f has beenomitted in7 4 . 24

-

30, the number 295§ produced by theadditionis correct. The fractionafter 1A in l. 27 is quite uncertainand could be read as 8’justas wellas n’[1’g

5 11—4. For adetailed descriptionof this land see 72. 7 1

-

98. The totalsare thesameashere, but theartabae should be 16 13; cf. note on7 2. 97.

5 5 . Cf. 72. 99—1 20. The totals there (1. 1 18)are less than those givenhere

by 20arouraeand 1031artabae ; cf. 7 2. 135-

7 , note.

56—7 . Cf. 7 2. 1 2 1—4, the figures of the passages coinciding.

58. The totalshereare of course larger thanthose inthe corresponding passage in7 2 (l. 1 25)owing to the discrepancy in theamounts for the lpflpoxos cf. 1. 5 5 , note.

In 7 5 . 76 the totalsareapprox imately the sameas in 7 2, althoughthe figures for theorare identical withthose inl. 5 5here. The figures for the dhpvpt'sare,however,

lost in7 5 , sopresumably the difl'

erence came inunder thathead.

59. Cf. 7 2. 1 28—30and 61. (6)207 , note.62—5 . Thehistory of these 47 arourae is givenat lengthin 61. (6) 2 13

-

46,

72. 138—84.

67 . Cf. 61. (6)44—69, where these artabaeare still 311 and 7 2. 185- 2 19,

where theyare 111 61101679 ,ashere.

70. The totalshave beenobtained by the subtractionof the figures inl. 30 fromthose in l. 18, not by the additionof those in 11. 50and 69, whichtogethermake8915arouraeand artabae. For thisadditional i arouracf. note onll. 8—10.

30 TE B TUN I S PAPYR l

7 5 . R EPORT or UN PRODUCTIVE LAND.

31'

4 X I I 7 ’5 ( in. E C. 1 12 0

A report by M enches of the Crownland 111 11 01179, similar tothe preceding,but referring to the following year ; cf. the introductionand notes to 74. Someland reclaimed by M enches and other local offic ials ismentioned (ll. 30—

3 ;

cf. 10. andagrant to M enches of 20arourae fromthe 1311611071011, which

occurred inthis year, is duly recorded (ll. 50This report isappended toastatement of the crops for the 5 thyear similar

to 66 - 70. Two columnsare preserved, but the first of them, whichbegins withthe 611101 7111117 18 1rp09 nvpbv 6101110611108 (cf. 6 8 . 48, 8m.) is imperfec t,and theypresent no new feature of interest. The totalsare 1 26 1r

93 arouraeand 4645;

artabae ; cf. 164and pp. 561and 563. The document thus falls into twoparts ,the one relating to the cultivated, the other to the uncultivated, portionof the 7 13; and theseare divided fromoneanother by acopy of

adeclaration by M enches taking uponhimself the responsibility for thepayment of the tax of 1 artabaonthearourafor the current year onbehalfof three catoeciandanephodus, whoseholdings were not cultivated (cf. ll. 3—14,

note).On the verso of this papyrus is 83 , the letter announcing the visit of

aRomansenator, whichis dated in the same year.Col. i ii.

t’

A18 110'

1

‘

111 (871011708 1) 3112 qdfi’

.

88 11113111 1 017 8 15106 (51 0119) (11117006) p11.

Hap8 M17 x 1f0119 xmpoypappafiawK11a1rep 1a19).1 6 11 151107 1yp(8 ;1péym11) x kfipaw 51110011 111 15110A6(ym1)

5 8181 1fi9 1 00 1 (510119) 118 18 ¢15M t011 y1001111pf8 9

dmdéx opat 11611011 8160111 1fi9 (870183179) 1 00 8 131 00 (310119)

[ 111 701701111 1 06 167011. 118 10611011 "

Holtépmvos 1 017 3111110114011 (870011708 1) 11 (87018788 1) 11,

Haxhqma'dov 1017 Hrohq ov (dpovpat) 118 (ciprdfiat) 118,

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332 TE B 1 11s PAPYR I

Col. v.

118 2611 81111 10111108 119 11100010111 8x06118 1 81 1 1 017

119 18 (1109) 011611011 111 1 179 8618 9 119 x 0p1 0110118[9]drrb éflohflyov) 1017 8118 1 06 71 (110119) 8118 1718p6x 011 118 (11 0119) 1L8

'

(aim-85 8 1) q y'

.

x fpaov 1 179 111 1811 718 (11 11) (8701888 1) [ 11.

8118 8011670011 611 1716

“(dprtifim) £15 5 .

(dpovpat)A19" 03

11 611 ph( , 8110’

07111 111 169

1111 [ 1111 (11 17) 1 8118 8'

118 2 111'

(11 17) 1 8118 L

119 81 11Vhom'bv x p611011 8118 8 .

05

01"11118 1 107111 1111001771111v 1 017 8111 1017 p (110119)

(8p015p8 9) 11018 153

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18 (110119)11{ pA-

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(8111 1138 1) 108 71.

(dpovpat) 0111171 8 (8701 11788 1)’

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1'

36. Above this linealine erased. 37 . Third 0 of corr. from0.1011 before 0110 corr. from 49. This line enclosed inround brackets.

Col. vi.

[101510111] 1017 8118 1 017 11 (11 0119) [2 (01

701 8188 1)

[118 2 1 00 AO (11 0119) 8101 1111"

(8701838 1)

[106 81] 8xpfi(0'

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[11118] 1 017 111112 9 107 001188) 1117 110011) 111701x 6018 109) 118 2

111 1031 118 (11 11) 11 (81118788 1) qtrqf

,

7 5 . THE LAND SURVEY 333

1 139 161 [18 (11 11) 1 (dp1dfla1) 11051

,

€F(BP5Xav) KG [(dpréflatflFl uy'

dApvdos' 169 117110A 1011]v0'1'

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'

1 é111 0s‘ 1fi[9 01110 dvax01'a'ns'0118 ¢ 1A1

’

110v 111 1631 11 (11 11) £114 (dpm'flau)aL ,

[1 179 1631 [18 (11 11)08'

(dprdflau) [11 ,169 1» 1 631 [13 (11 11) 1114 8

'

(dprdflcu) os' L ‘

y'

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B'

,

169 111 1651 p (11 11) (dprdflau)mq0L ,

dApv(p1'

809) 211111 811; (dp1éfia1)]7 110111 111 1 00 01118 1 00 p 211386] (dprdficu)3401‘q B

'

11112 1 00 [1]m9 1 00 A0

81d 1 8 1[11'

1111x01111a88a(1a)1pfip6x ov 011

(510W )M 46”

[(dpf éfiat)

Col. V11.

1101 818 8110111

x 1p0'

011 81d 10wapax 11(0'0a1) 161 A011r[ii1d¢6p(a1)1 (dprdflau) q8L8

'

,

(dprdflm)1pflp6xov 1 139 111 1 171 13011 11111111”

0411461] 1 (dprdflm) x 8L ‘

y

¢x08'

(dpréficu)11112 1 1011 111 111 1631 érroA6ya1[1] 169 11[a1a

1 1112» 11111 00101: aim [111-

10'

1 dAf0'ns‘ x 1p0'

011 (dpovpm) pf (dpnffiau) 2A81'fi'

,

Ital ( 1118 16511 1v 0111111111011 (dprdflat) 0c,"

11: (1111050011) 1 86”

1019 1 00 A0 (110119)M 4141 (dpf dfim)[1017] 81 0110A6'yov dx pflm'ov) (dpovpau)awy[L8' (dméflm)74. 1. 81100 1

. 76. Aafter ’

Bx corr. fromg. 79. 1'fl' corr fromg’.

1 - 2 . The 0qcavpo¢vA1mx 81rand updo-m6 9131110 1 precededat the end of the previous

334 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

column; of. 31 7—9, note. The 100artabae of diaxds whichare regularly coupledwiththe 1 20 of wheat under thehead of ba’ma(61. (6)313—6 , note)arehere omitted. The1p4x 01

'

11utor ishere calculated uponthe wholeareaunder cultivation(cf. instead ofuponthe c

’mmppc’mwithout the yopai,as is done elsewhere (61. (6)319, 68 .

3—14. FromM enches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris. ,

The undermentionedholdings being returnedas unproductive inthe surveyaccording tocrops for the sthyear,I undertake to provide theartaba- tax uponthemfor the ’

said year or tomeasure it outfrommy privatemeans. Catoeci — Polemonsonof Ammonius aoarourae, 20artabae,Asclepiades sonofPtolemaeus 24arourae, 24artabae, MaronsonofDionysius 25arourae,25 artabae ; total for catoeci 69 arourae, 69artabae. Ephodus — Ptolemaeus sonofM eniscus 24arourae, 24artabae. Inall 93arourae, 93artabae. 5 thyear, M echeir

On this tax of r artabaon thearourahere stated to be payable byanephodusas wellas by the catoeci,and to be levied onunproductive land, see 98 . introd. ,and for

the responsibility of M enches for its payment cf. 64. (a)54, note. The lease of I Oarouraeinthe 6thyear fromPtolemaeus sonofM eniscus toM enches (107)may wellhave beenconnected withthis guarantee.

24. Cf. 74 . 8—I o, note.26—7. The copyisthas confused the two sections of whichthe 1 5 arourae were

composed ; cf. 74 . 14- 5 . In7 4 the rent is givenas 75artabae instead of

3o—r. These 10arourae reclaimed inthe 5 thyearare difierent fromthe 10arourae

assigned to M enches for reclamationonhis reappointment to the oflice of komogrammateus inthe 5 rst year ; cf. 10. introd. The rent to be paid byhimin that instancewas 5artabae onthearoura;here the rate is the commonone of 444.

32-

3. The reclamationof land by Horusand Marres was very likely one of theconditions of theirappointmentas it was in the case of M enches. Theareareclaimedby themat Kerkeosiris wasmuchless considerable,althoughtheir posts were superior

indegree, but theymayhavehad tomake reclamationsat other villagesas well. The2%arourae 13; artabae at the end of l. 33 are the sumof the numbersassigned to

Horusand Marres,as is shownby theadditioninl. 34.

34. The symbol forarourae after has beenwritten bymistake for artabaeas in61. (6)65 . The number of theartabae is doubtful. I f 495 in l. 3 1 is right thetotalhere should be 621-3; onthe otherhand, the subtractionof the items inll. 28and 41fromthe total in l. 45 leaves 64g. N either of these numbers,however, suits the traceson the papyrus, and there is evidently something wrong in the arithmetic ; cf. noteonll. 26—7.

38- 41 . The numbers difi'er slightly fromthose inthe parallel passage 7 4. 27—30,

thearouraehere being 115more (but cf. note on74 . 50)and theartabae 411, less.45 . As in 60. too (cf. note on1. the fullamount of the original rent of the

reclaimed land is deducted, althoughafter the reclamation onlyasmall fraction of

the original rent was being paid.

46.m(11 0111) 11C: the 1 5 arouraementioned inl. 28are included in this number,thoughaccording to 7 4 . 14

-

5 6} of themwere fromthe lpfipoxos of the 5 2nd yearand the other 8; fromthe darapas of the 4rst year.49. Thearithmetichere is ofan unusually outrageous character. The numbers

arrivedat inl. 48 deducted fromthose takenasastarting-

point inl. 24 leave 878g arouraeand 4565§artabae, i. e. there isadeficiency inIL49and 5 3 of toarourae (practically)andno less than 165 artabae. This difference is,however, compensated for in II. 54—5 ,where the numbers given inl. 53 are subdivided into two parts whichadded togetherare inex cess of the numbers in l. 5 3 by 10arourae and 1 591

5, artabae. Thearourae

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336 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

d ifficulty of there being three 11p00‘

1d1at. But the fact thatastatement of the irproperty was requ ired atall shows that they were insome way liable to thegovernment for the revenue derived fromthe x 1x 01p10

'

p-11m111166 0809 ;and sinceKex etptxd

‘

res‘ ishardly reconc ilable withthe ideathat they were sureties for the

cultivators (cf. 5 . it ismore likely that they were concerned withthecollectionof the revenue fromthat particular land.

In the second report (11. 6- 15)M enches states that two émdpovpot 1111x 4101belonging to the corps of Chomenis, who were inarrears for the naubiontax ,

owned no propertyat Kerkeosiris. N either of these two persons, Phaeus sonofSokonopisand Pasis sonof Pasis, occurs in61—8 , norhave we beenable to find

either of themin themutilated later lists of 1mdpovpot pdx tpot whicharecontemporary withthis papyrus. I f they were reallyabsent fromthese lists, thepoint of M enches’

return is that the two persons inquestiondid not ownlandat Kerkeosirisatall, but somewhere else. It is knownfrom8 7 that there were1111011001101 X opfivtosat other villages. But an individual called ©0169 20111029occurs in 62. 207, and o évsand 2011011131119might easily be confused ; whilethe Pasisheremight be the sonof one of the persons called Pasis whoare foundin62. 2 19, 227,and 248. I f these two 11rrdpovpochad near Kerkeos iris,wemust suppose M enches’meaning to be that theyhad no other propertyliable toseiz ure by the 1111011107119.

Col. 11.

1101718 Meyx efov9 xmpoypappafl1m9]000111 turdpx et 111p( i) 1111 1103711711 34111149

Kai Havana xal K 1¢dAaw(1) 1 019 x 1x 11p1x 601

1111 x 1x 01p10711111711 11p60’

08011.

(11 0119) 1 M ex elp Ky .

l'E 1ot19 1, nape Meyx el

'

ov9

1 019 01royeypapp1v019 (1111ap06p019) pax l’pow6¢1£A0111 19 [1r]g.

b9 10 11[26]@10v 1 8

” upturn/1111011 x 1¢éAato11 E. 15 (511

[1 11 018180111111

rrpdxflup, 1 001019 01711 11170111 [M dpx ew

1111 xafiphv]. (11 0119) 1 M ex eip

(1111épovpo1) X 0/16111[09

¢a109 201101101111091111011 1 118 011 09 BL

’

A

7 7 . THE LAND SURVEY 337

8. l. 5¢ ¢Qow u [n]pac writtenabove the line. 1 1 . ow writtenabove the line.

8—9. Persons who owedmoney or, perhaps, personal labour for naubionare includedamong those whose debts are remitted in 5 . r5 . In the time of Philadelphus work

on the embankments was done by contract, and was paid for at the fix ed rate of

4 drachmae for 60 naubia(P. Petrie I . 22 . 2,I I I . and theremayhave beena

special tax imposed tomeet this ex penditure, thoughthe wordméfiwv is not found inthe singular oras the name ofatax inthe Petrie papyri. InP. Par. 66 the work is doneby forced labour, 3o naubiabeing required fromeachperson. In the Romanperiodinstances ofmoney payments for the naubiontax are common; cf. note on5 . 1 5 .

1 5 .

’A : this figure perhaps refers to naubia

,in whichcase BL is presumably the

number of thearourae.

7 7 . R EPORT OF PETESUCHUS.

28-5 x 14 101. B. c. no.

A short report fromPetesuchus, who succeeded M enches inthe 7thyear(cf. 70. I), stating that acertain plot of land was classified as x exwmapém1 p600509, onwhichsee A pp. i . 7 . Onthe verso isanaccount containingaconversionof barley into wheat (66 to 39§ artabae)at the usual ratio of 5 3.

Below the report of Petesuchusare severalmore lines of writing , part ially efl'aced,whichperhaps belong to the sameaccount ; the date [M ex efip 15 occurs.

”

E 1au9 nd pd Hereaofix ov Koo/107 70

apparéawKepx eoo'

t’

pem9. citra¢€p0wa1 nepi 1111 e

’

v 111

x exmpwpémt 1rp00680v 11V

5 (wpérepov)H10Ae/1afov 1 00 fi d u’

vov 111 karepyaaflfivat du b t

'

flroA6(y0v) i v 1 631 (51 61) 15116

v vafov 1 06 11p001 1i v1 09, 111 £ 19

1 6 f (51 09) yempyeio'Oat 6116Hereax 6v1 1o9 Ital 16311 pe(16xaw),

ro (tipofipa9) ts'

L (dp1 1ifla9) 15.

4. 1. 1151006801.

The 7thyear, fromPetesuchus, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris. It is reportedthat the land near the village whichformerly belonged toPtolemaeus sonof Philinus is inthe x exopwpe

’m” 600809, whichland was brought under cultivation,

in the 4othyearby Dionysius the superintendentand was cultivated in the 7thyear by Peteskontisandhisassociates. Theareais 161arourae produc ing 20 (P)artabae.

’

Z

338 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

5 . Ptolemaeus ishere spokenofas ifhehad once owned the land, but inrealityhehad only reclaimed it ; cf. 61. (b)10, 8 8 . 7.

9. 1111 601610 109 : Cf. 61. (6) I 6.

10. The rent found elsewhere upon these 16} arourae (81. (6) x 7) isat the rateof rartabatothearoura. By the 7thyear it seems tohave beenraised slightly.

7 8 . R EPORT or Parasucnus.18 5 cm. B. c. I to—8.

Another returnmade out by Petesuchus (cf. 7 7 .

.

1)concerning the land inthe x exmpwpévq 1 p600509 (cf. 7 8 giving the measurements obtained by

afreshsurvey compared withthose registered in the offic ial survey-list of

the current year, whichseems tohave beenshort of the correct figure. Cf. 82 ,

part ofa1101 1} MM ov list for Magdola, onwhichthe results ofanew surveyhave beennoted,and 82, 81, 8 8and 8 5

,whichcontainsimilar entries based on

afreshyewperpt'a. The document concludes withaBaotlttx bs 3pKO9 vouchingfor the correctness of the previous statements. The date is lost, but the papyruswas writtenbetweenthe 7thyear inwhichPetesuchus entered ofl‘ice (cf. 77 . I )and the lothinwhichSoter I I was ex iled.

['

E 1 0v9 wrapd I I e1 e00]17x 0vKepKeodfpemmK]a1 ’

dvdpa169 yeyevqpéwys

[tips-b"npa[u 100 B]a01} \ 1K06 7 71071010160 9 60 10416416009

[7411 1 11[v Ka1d] M inor 1 06 06109 (310W) 1 179 e’mrap

5 [ 16119 dub [16hWapx ovmfiv 1 1111 110311111

év 111 Kexwpwpe'

vm1rp0068001, napaKetpe’vovmi 1 06 i t]? éKda'rov e’

KfleBmK61 09 11Aeovd0

110109. 0606v 11116 M opsfiyov (dpovpéiv) 0110610011 607 1211161119 (dpovpat) tq'

L Kai20 letters K[a]2 ”1?t

]s'

Kai wMefmfibrohflyov) (dpovpm)

{6111160 } fia00t1001w Kheorrdrpav Kai 6001162 Hrokepai'ov[06019 c opfifop s [Saab K0) 1009 101510 11 rrpoy6mvs Kai[Kai 11v] ’

10 1v Kai 1009 N ow 01009 rrdv1a9 11012 1100019 ei’

[11V

[e’md kdamfva

‘t 1b wpoKefpevov wpw éyyekyaKai 7110111

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34. TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

the north- east comer of the Fayumnear Karanis,and it perhaps occupied thesite of themodernSenfires ; cf. FaydmTowns , p . 14. S ince from8 1. - 84

itappears that theholding ofacleruchwas dividedamong not widely distantvillages , thementionof Psenuris suggests that the village inquestionwasalsointhe north- east of the Fayum. Inthat case the frequentlymentionedaiytaltb'swould be the shore of Lake M oeris, whichinthe Ptolemaic periodmusthavecome up to Senfires,and onthe edge of whichthe placehere referred tomayalsohave beensituated . Butanaiytax ds isalsoheard ofat Magdola, towhich80—8 8 referand whichwas near Kerkeosiris (cf. 80. and the village withwhich79 is concerned ismore likely tohave beeninthe Gharak basin.

The arrangement of the cleruchs seems to be less systematic thanthatin the Kerkeosiris survey

- lists ; one of the subdivisions is the same (cf, noteon1. So faras canbe judged , the cleruchsmentionedare G reeksandarenearly all 1161011101. The individualholdings range from12433 arouraeto 40, onemuchlargerholding thanthe rest (1. 46)beingapparently dividedamongst several individuals. In some cases the nationalities to whichthecleruchs nominallyatany rate belonged are stated,and besides Macedoniansand Persians wehear of colonists fromSamos (l. S idon(l. and A labandainCaria(l. A sat Kerkeosiris

,considerable difficultieshad arisenowing

to grantshaving beenmade fromarable instead of fromdry land ; but thedec isions of the ofii c ials werehere different, the persons to whomarable landhad beenincorrectlyassigned being deprived of itand compelled toaccept dryland in its place ; cf. p . 55 5 . G rants seemtohave beenfreelymade fromthepasture- land 811169 111001601109 (cf. 81. (a) apractice whichis not found intheKerkeosiris papyri.

The latest datementioned is the 33rd year, whichisalso the latest datefound on the recto. I t is probable that bothdocuments were writteninorshortlyafter that year,and that the reigning sovereignwas Philometor ; cf.noteon1. 5 2and 08 . introd. Thereare severalmarginalnotes, perhaps inadifferenthand, includinganabbreviation resembling that for em0 ( but without the 0

(cf. 82. 1 1 ,note),and probably standing for some formof 81150114119 or 311101101 6111,(1) Col. i .

.]11ou 1 011 A eo11111i 1 0v MaK6861109 p , 1 (1111116 1)A dflpflxov)N711. / p

]111 09 1 00 N 1K0¢6 11109 013 16 10111611 1 06 KhflpovrrepiWerfipw (dpovpau)£7 4 83 l (rm/06 1)K 716000011)A‘

yLd'

dflpflx ov)1.

[Kai 611 1631h‘y (51 61) 11116 16 11 7 60611v 8121 1 06

79. THE LAN D SURVE Y 3411

5 [a’rroA0]y1071017 1017 AB (51 0119) £11 02: 86111 011p 16171101 81& 1 8

[dwe ]A150001 K010 1171601 07110'

1o letters’

A ]0KAmr11£800 218001111101 02116 110716 11

[16311 e’

Krbs 714001501019 1 7069 x 0A[K]b11 8101K0071€111011

1 I letters x e'

p00v (dpovpat) p,14 ]1 01 wrap (dpovpat) 1.

[HwoAAmr t'au A ]1o11t10t'

ou He'

p01 1 x e'

p00v 169 02111 1 06 01 y

(dpovpm) 1 (111171051) Ke 715000011) we.

[1 0610011 £01111 19 y]e'

yp0¢e11 7 710150179 6 716116110109

0151631 9 01 0p1 01‘

011 1 111 Kwpoyp(app01 €0)[KarapqserpfikOau 15113

”npau 1017 7 61107161100 1 779

[0111 179 0113 07 10pt'

y1011 11111 1 119 6’

11101 0Aet'

0179 x e'

p0011 00700818117 7161119

10. This line inserted later. 16. 111101 0111011 x epoovabove the line.

Col. 11.

Koparé‘ u 1511270 3111 érre01{dA]001

rrapd 1017 8101x 11 01? 1 031 71311 K0710116

‘

1[1] 716115 111

[1111 011671171011] 1111 «i i x e'

p0011 110700861201

20 41K (dpovpcu) 717 .

0116 x ep(0)ov 1 179 0116 18 (31 0119)

[(dpovpat) (rrvpa‘in) K K0? da¢d11a1t 1, A, x €(p0011) 1.

A108[a’1p0]v 116700171 drrb 110116311 16311 e’

KTBS‘

[111006406009 (dpovpat) 11, 1 01160109) (111170651) [01] 116001.

A to[¢é]111 011 17 1716111 11116 110116311 1 1011

[éK1 69 7 4100406019] (4,00v ) 71, 1 (111171631) 1; 07811601011) AS, 11.

’

Ax 1AA[ei] H10A[e];10fov 20111011 dub 110111311

e’

K[1 69 (dpovpm) [1, (1111708 1)A Kp10(ii1) 1, 11.

A 1714171111311 Zy0]00KAefov9 MaK€ 86Vt 0116 [p01 1160011.

[1 01510111 e’

o1 2]11 19 (1111 100610001 1 0119 1r[0p0

11p0¢ep0p€110v9 41101 e’

[11 16 1 K010~

340 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

Col. i i i.

pepqrpnpémm1031 [Koymvé’

u K0061 1 rrp6K[e]1101 AB.

E 15K1 171011[(81]1 E 15K1 17710111’

8011 11111 110716 11 67101019

(dpovpat) 71, 01 116001.

M0’

pawt ‘

Hlyflporw 11111 110111111 0300151019 (dpovpat) [1 ,01160709) (111171631) 01

Nedpxau Z[1ro]AA00v1'

ov 1107111111 (1100151019 (1111014101) 71,

[name -w

if

11'

0p0[ M 110p080x 1[. 109 AB (110119)11010111101

7 [ 1171151 1011 M0111 (dpovpm) [p]q '

1'

q'

11 716011001) cipci(Ka> 1) J

Col. iv.

11 01101161’

AA03011861 211 5 1 1“l11li1 “amt 1 0610w 101 111 19 yéypaper 7 110150179 13 7 111671111109

-

yp011p01et39 0e01p1K€1101 0618 1

9 0100101011 1611 7111 0A056111 0 1111mdapparet’av)1111 K01apepe1pqpéx11v 611" 100 7 61

1071611011

“ 110311001101 1“ 119 06119 1019 rrp00A1¢0110[1

810 4 10111101011 1811 dpx 10mp010M AéKm1) £19

K0101K0119 1111161: (111-[b 011]0p[;1011 d[11]r i 119

111-101 01111019 x ép00[v] Kai 1013

106 K0/101100, 1511371 19 A6‘yous

£112 4 10111101011 16111 ¢1'

A0111 Kai 8101K1100 [tip-

601 10001

flap’

0151013 1111 [1211 x ép0011 1 019mpi 2001016111011110710861501 66001 81 10119 r epi 1611 Kopavbvfx ew 1111 07 6mm.

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344 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

]011 6119 1 009

[611’

O£11p1ryx 1’

111 11[0]1ofx [o119 111111619

.]x 01011 1 017 161 [W W dfé t

]11 013

x p6(1109) (51 0119) 10 1109111 110

1631 600111 111651) e’

11 151

]11 yp0/1/101 éa1[91; x p6(1109) (51 0119) A0 140040 .]pep[

4—6 . The sense of these lines depends on the punctuation cf. 61. (6) 2 13—6.

Ifas 1 rl . .a is connected withflaw 311 1 611 Ry (8m)and the intervening wordsaretaken together, the heading is Those who in the 33rd year, because theyhad beenreleased by adecree, were taken out of the class of persons placed by the reportof the 32nd year inthe category of thoseabout whomanofficial dec isionwas necessary:Or 6111 16 updo

-raypamay be connected withavyxptofiugc, inwhich case themiyxpmc was

necessary to interpret the decree. Tohowmany of the cleruchs in the following lisheadingapplies rs not clear. The positionof two (of. II. 13—20and 47 - 62 notes)resemlthat of the c leruchsm61. (6)1113-

45 , i.e. theyhad receivedawépcpos instead of x e’pcm. B

the dec isionof the dioecetes was different, being hereagainst the cleruchs, not int'avour

themI

(ci . p.

Cf. l. 60 and note on 11. 47—62 . 15118 106 ShOlJld be fOII

byayear (cf l 01 7hasaspace before itas if it wereafigure,and perhapsfollowed inthe next line ; but there is something between1 06and y.

r3- zo. Cf. 11. 47

—62,which passage is somewhatmore detailed. 101110111 refers te

5 5arourae of dry land justmentioned. 43arourae of were wronglyassigneApollonius by Horusand transferred tonew owners by Horus’

successor,and this labyarecent order of the dioecetes was to remainin the possessionof the new own.while Apollonius received afresh grant of dry land instead. Cf. the similar caseDemetrius, 11. 119

-

33.

16. For napa8¢m11171101 in the sense ofassigning land cf. 106 . 25 , P. Amb. I I . 32 .

68. 37 .

so. “0&1v (cf. 1. 5 7)cannot be read inthis line.29

—33. 32arourae of the 40 owned by Demetrius sonof Agathocles were afresh

grant of x époos inplace of the whichhad beentransferred to01mp)n» Kopaydv ; cf.13

—20and 46—6 2.

40—3. These four linesareaheading describing the personmentioned in ll. 44- 5.

1 24135 arourae is an unusually large holding, but this individual was of highrank ;

in 90 still larger holdings occur. Why he was ‘not included among the catoec i 'is obscure. The samemarginal note occurs in the next section withthe additionofanunintelligible word. For the use of Mpcw cf. 60. 26. Inboth cases themarginalnote is probably connec ted with the placing ofangular bracketsat the corners of thetwo sections, 11. 4o—5 and 46—62 , though whether these brackets indicate that the linesenclosed are to be omitted is uncertain. E lsewhere similar brackets are generallyemployed for the sake ofmakingapassage conspicuous ; cf. 60. 98 , note.

46. Comanus of Alabandawas credited with the large amount of 13063 arouraepresumably because he wasaupmarqc or leader of acorps of cleruchs like Anicetusor Criton(61. (a)9 cf. o! 11ap& 1 017 K. (I. 5 5)and olmp1mK. (L It rs possible

79. THE LAND SURVEY 345

that he was identical with the Comanus who was aminister of Euergetes IIandhisambassadorat Rome (Polyh. xx viii. 16, xxxi. and the great size of the grantmightbe explained byhis exceptional importance . But in that case we should expecthis rank and ti tles to bementioned

,and it ismore probable that the papyrus waswritten in the reignof Philometor than that it was written in that of E uergetes ; cf.note on1. 5 2.

47—62 .

‘ Included in thisamount is the landabout which Imouthes, err- topogrammateus, wrote that hehad been informed.

by Thotortaeus, who succeeded to the postof komogrammateus, that he (Thotortaeus)had transferred to the corps under Comanusthe land assigned by Horus, err- komogrammateus of the said village, to those whowere enrolled in the catoecic cavalry by Dionysius,member of the chief body-guard,fromthearable instead of fromthe dry land as ordered, and thatafter the casehadbeendiscussed before Dionysius, the king’

s friendand dioecetes, ordershad beengivenbyhimthat the dry land was to be transferred to Apollonius’ party while Comanus’

party was to be allowed to keep the arable land : Apollonius son of Dionysius,43arourae sownwith wheat ; Demetrius sonof Agathocles, 32arourae sownwith wheat.Total 75arourae.

’

1'-These 75arourae, which havealready beenmentioned inll. 20and 33 inconnex ion

.m‘hthe twooriginal owners,are here included in the total of landassigned toComanus,c ircumstances of the transfer being related somewhatmore fully than previously.olloniusand Demetriushad received their grants fromaformer komogrammateus,

“

us, who violatedhis instructions byassigning part of their holdings fromthearable‘

l(ef. 61. (6) 3, The successor of Horus, Thotortaeus, remedied the error7 transferring the owéptpos in question toafresh set of cleruchs under Comanus,ghit is difficult to seehow this proceeding would have benefited the Crownland1hwould of course continue to suffer adiminutionof thearableareathrough the

.f of the awéptposassigned to the cleruchs. Thotortaeus’actionwas disputed by thersons whomhe wished to evict, and thematter was laid before the dioecetes, whosided that the cleruchs under Comanus were to keep the land transferred to themThotortaeus,and that Apolloniusandhis companionwere tohaveafresh grant ofy land tomake up for what they lost. The Apollonius in l. 57 is identical with thepollonius in l. 60, and Apollonius and Demetrius are the upcoc pac‘

imin l. 5 1 .

pollonius’

original granthad been 43 arourae ofarable land and 37 of dry. These43arourae were taken'

fromhimby Thotortaeusand given to ofmp1 ‘

rbv Kopavdv,and thedioecetes ordered that 43arourae of dry land were to be givento Apollonius. Of theoriginal 37arourae of x e’pcos hehad reclaimed 25 , so that he nowhad 5 5arourae of x e’paosand 25 ofamiptpoc (l. The whole passagehas beenbracketed, like 11. 4o—5 ,andthere isanothermarginal noteapparently referring to the 1306fi arourae, to the effectthat they were not included in the ( w ou ld

, though for what reason is obscure. Theword belowmalariais not awfppa, for the first letter is certainly not a.

5 2 . Dionysius the rip mpm-ocpékae is very likely identical with the Dionysius whopresided over the enrolment of fresh catoeci in the 3rst year of Philometor (62.

so that the disputearose very soonafter the originalassignment of land to Apolloniusandhis companion.

69. Cf. 62. 43-

4. The expedition took place in the reign of Epiphanes ; cf.

P 54789. Theantecedent of 05 is probably q parwpofi, whichmay be the word immediately

preceding ; cf. 68 . 1 23.

34 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

80. LI ST OF LAN DHOLDERS AT M AGDOLA.

23 x 28 cm. Late second centurya. c.

The four following papyri relate to land and crops at the village of

Magdola. The site of this placehas now beenshownby M M . JouguetandLefebvre to be M ed inet N ebas,at the southw est l im it of the Gharalg basin(cf. 17 . 5 , note). By thealytahds mentioned in82—8 is meant the shore of themarshy lake whichat that time coveredalarge part of this district ; the ‘

Hpc‘

i ov

(cf. 81. introd.)is tobe connected with”

Hpaw,alocal deity whose name occurs inalong inscriptionshortly tobe published by the French ex plorers.

The present document contains parts of the first two columns ofasurveyaccording to c rops (ma I t begins withanaccount of land describedin l. 33as riis 111611179, whichamounted

.

to 1563arourae including 315arouraeof vineyardsand gardens. This land was leased to cu ltivatorsat rents similarto those of Crownlands, but owing tothe mutilationof the titleat the beginningof Col. i the category to which it belonged is doubtfu l . Perhaps these 156garourae were the land of some small village near Magdola. (Permian-[s in l. 34looks like aplace-name ; and the description of another small areamaycommenceat that point. The beginnings ofafew lines of the third columnrem

'ain,but there is not enough to showhow the papyrus continued.

Col . i.”

B rous rrapd s Mayda'rltwv.

]g Kara¢15Mav ati ]1'00 gravy.T0017 “: 9 0160 9 xai Haiflts‘

ex 7 00‘

E ppafov x owfi (dpovpat)Ay (aiprdfiat) pfc,dw (W pofi) x 7 ] (ciprciflat) pit, x 6(p'

rov) (rimhe,1141 611710601“ fl(dpf dflat) t, 17( 01 60001)

nL (dprcifiat) ( L , 17( 0176(p09)

(i 110r iis (1rp6rep01r)Herefic xoh7 06 ”flpov 17 y

flap/co]? dw 027 09) ( L , 01160109) (mlpéi t).Ends of 7 more lines.

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348 TEBTUN IS PAPYRI

81. LIST or LANDHOLDE RS AT M AGDOLA .

14 x 1035 cm. Late second centurya. c.This papyrus gives the beginnings of eight continuous columns from a

document concerning the survey of landat Magdola. A t the top of the firstcolumn

,of which only the ends of l inesare preserved, stood the title (11. 1—3)

‘

Hlpa'tov xar ' dvbpa]v If 179 newofiaOat entax t‘wews 13116] l'

Ire pafov roi i napefia(0'0t tx 06) Th is thenwasal ist of farms theareas of whichhadbeenverified byasurvey ,and related espec ially to the ‘

Hpéiov (cf. 80.

which recurs in 82 - 8 . The ‘

Hpéiov evidently included aconsiderable ex tent

of land,for x ltfipot ofas muchas 20and 50arouraearementioned in83 . 75 and

83. The six th columnbegins with another title, Maybéhwv, 6366317061 0 11)nAeovarmdrwv, i. e.alist, based onasurvey ,

ofamounts held inex cess (cf. 7 8 .

and proceeds withanaccount of the lept‘ayfi. rc'

i v Eyfiefinfidrwv)wheovao'pdrwlvisapossible supplement for l. 2 of the heading incol . i ; this would suit thescanty remains both of that columnand cols. ii i- iv, which givealist of smallp ieces of land held by various persons inadditionor ex cess (upds); but it doesnot so well accord with what is left of the second column, where there is nomentionof ex traamounts,and probablyamore general phrase was employed ,such as 7 6 1: év apévwv (cf. 82. The class of land described inthe firstfour columns is uncertain

,ex cept inone case (1. 4)ofap iece of unwatered

land which is stated to belong to the x exwptcmémp vrpéoobos. It is not likelythat the other plots belonged to the same category, and their irregu larityinsiz e does not suit the view that they wereall c leruchic land, like the d fipot

inthe ‘

Hpé‘

pov mentioned in82and 8 8 . Some of them therefore were probablyfiacw xhyii ; moreover, one of the persons mentioned incol. iv is knownto havebeenafiaadttx bs yewpyds (note on1. Inone instance (1. 1 7) there seemsto have beenadoubtabout the tenure of the land under consideration

,which

some personclaimed to be flan-d un? (cf. 8 7 . Col. v preserves the headingofafresh section,and was concerned with certainx ltfipot whichwere claimedby theadministrators of the x exmp wpém; 11706010809 (cf. A pp. i. Of the lasttwo columns scarcelyanything is left ; col. vu was headed (bex épovpot)mix tfpot);cf. 5 . 44 .

C01. 11.

Hdrpaw Taaror xaL , g’

rrtq xaL ,

Hereappfw'

qs‘

Aprraria'tos' QL , I'

d-ar .

M AW) r6(110v) phévayp(a¢ (w péit)BLd’

.

81. THE LA ND SURVEY

dBp6x ov rfis div r iit 1169

'mpci‘rq9

’mpdrov 7 179 g[mapefaqs dflp6(x ov)Mapgfl. .]pevfl

Col. iii .

Kai -fins Gov 1170311 B (1rvp6‘

u)fl'

,

dMo ) 1rpb9 (a’porfpats) y (mpdit) 177 q!

Xfi'

11105101) 8 7q!

XB'

Xahfi9 Hokkofiros t, (1rvp651), I'a-av.

K0AA01500v rrpbs (dpotipaw) e[. (mpéit)

Col. iv.

Nemevifitg Her eppotiOtos 117039 (1rvp6 1)’

Op0'

evofi¢19 Hadmo9 117009 (dpoépats) (r upa’i t)‘

Aprrvofirw'

Op0'

efovs (dpoépats) 8 (x v/1631)£ 0011)r6(1rov) 117039 (aiporfpats)q'

(rm/pair)L i 5" 1rp39 t

1rp0¢éperat eivat Baadturbv yfiv (aiporipa9) t L6“7 .

Col. v.

tai Khfipaw M kax tréiv) (in: dw urotofiwatof 1171007 47 111 n

’

is x exdptapéms) 11p00{6]80v°

¢vk(ax fm)9 ¢a7t0i39 27 07 0157 109 (r vpé'it)t, 511-Kodak“)Hrokepafov 7 00 Meyax kefovs' (rrvpéit) t, frrKax éwems) XB

'

flAefan Ld’XB

'

.

(Jpovpat) xad'Xfi'

, flMetm)ad’XB'.e’

P firmly “

'

E pyéms (wt/pair) t

349

35° TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

Col. vi.

Mayda'ihaw1 6311 éyfiefiflx drmv)wheoww pdrwv.

[ spas 7 6; 206x 011 06017 71671601011)’

Amx 1rrov rov Zptw fmrou 1rpb(s) 8 (dpovpa.P) .

111 1 011 111 115 letters ]te, I x c ( éA(até“wos)

1 . flu-[ohmeans that the figure «at. agreed with that of the c’m’ox ewtc.

16(1rov). Cf. 98 . 24—5 , where nhr(ou) is writtenand the expressionmeans

inanother part of the same wepfx u pa.4. The x rx wpw

'

pimrrpdo'odos at Magdolais alsomentioned in l. 19 below and

88 . 49—50.

10. 1 se. 7 611-00 ; cf. 1. 3, note. For wpéc inthis connexioncf. 149.

1 1 . The abbreviationafter t,which recurs in 7 9. 20

,26, 75 (margin), 82. 36,

8 5 . 87 , consists ofan initial curve like the first stroke of an e, to the top of which

isattachedatail like that representingmin the commonabbreviationmm( andthrough themiddle of the tail isacross-bar. Inthe ordinary formof theabbreviationmm( the tail starts fromthe cross- stroke of the e

,which is distinctly formed, as is

also the a, which is hereabsent. A comparisonof —2,however, wheremtdx cwcc r)apparently occurs in its normal formand in the same positionas the abbreviation

inthis line, indicates that is the word intended here ;and if so it is probablyalso to be read in 20and 2 1 , whereasimilar symbol but without the cross-bar isfound. The same type occurs in7 8 . 22

, 74. But tofind three distinct forms of the sameabbreviationinone papyrus is dec idedly unex pected.

13. Narrow: ncreppovotoc : this individual isalsomentioned inasmall fragmentfromCl'OCOdile I 7 headed Maybell e» Ba(athutiis).

1 7. The vestiges of theabbreviationor symbolafter 1 donot well suit (rapi st), thoughit is noticeable that the fractions coincide with thoseafter (r vpat)m

20. e is writtenabove the A of tnplace of the usuala.29

—30. Cf. 82. 7—8. ¢v( probably stands for Maine) (cf. P. Petrie II. 32.

and the next word, which is writtensimply )in82. 8, is no doubt {lunar oranti-"am.

The number ofarouraeat this point should be 4as in 82. 8, but the numeral cannot

be clearly identified fromthe very faintand scanty vestiges. The followingabbreviationsare obscure. Aq( is perhaps ky(ro6)and cru( may be (cf. 02. 48 ,note)31 . 11a( thisabbreviationrecurs in 19, 22, 23, 74, 79, and

probably 82. 45 ,always, except inthe last instance, before or

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352 1 153 1 11s PAPYRI

Mép0111’

I 0x 11pf011109 11.

6111006116019) 8 M 011)[Isl] x c ( BL , x 6(p0011)£ 01011) 1 6(110v) 6ypep t(0001p611179) 17L8

'

17'

,

What) x 6(p0'

011) teL8'

, 11h(ef01) L8'.‘

E pp6¢th09 9 6011109 16.

B M 011) 8118 16111 9 601110 a’fl'b A17 x 6(p0'

011) 1, 6Ma’0v01) e.

1161 6 116¢1yfi9 H61 61 111140119 KB.

611-10016416019) e M 011) ( L, I x 6(p0'

011) 7 L , (111111611) 8,0

'

M 011) 1fi9'

Op0'

611017¢111 7 11011811 09 1 118

x 6(p0011)aL8', y (61 a, 1p11( B8'

17'

.

mi 1 179 619 17 61 6801111)"npau B8

'

q’ l 118 61,-6, x c (

1'

s," 471019161 1809) 7 (61 8 (61 L, x 6(p0'

011)c L8

'.

1 179 619 17 61 680111 ‘P'

evoBflo'rtofl I 118 67 11611111“

11611119)Bd fi'

f’

f

11656

. 1 179 619 NemeviBw 11011061119

655

, &p(1rehf1 1809)B (61 y (61 a(61 L, x 6(pa'011)aXB' .‘Hpaxhef8179 'Hpaxhet'8011 16 , I x c ( 6Mm81v09) yL8', x 6(p1011) 17,

x 6(po'

011)y8'. 611101(x 61}16019)BM 011) s

"XB

' l x 6(p0'ov)x c( x 6(p1 011)0L 17

'

,

11A(ef01)25 ZwoMafimw H001180114011 6.

611141168160 9) 0 yrxov) 1 x 6(p0'

011)a, 1m( 6M01031109)601mp(p6110v) 1mpe( BL17

'

t'

XB'

l . 1. 3107801t . 2 . l . wmwwm'mr. 2 1 . l. N eu nfiBw.

Col. 11.

A t[0]1160109 Hrohepafov [17311116011109 1)

9 60111 9 6011109 x 17

B M 011) A17 x 6(paor1), which) 1,‘

E pp tkptkos 9 6mm8114

82. THE LAND SURVEY

‘Hp0‘

58179 131511611011 8

H61 6116¢1yfi9 H61 6116¢1efov9 (111170631) 761rto( x 61}r6019) 8 M 011) x 6(p1011) y ,

M 1x 1'

011109 x 6(000v)61110(x 61I1

-

6019)s"

M 011)x 6(p0011)yL , dNo ) 611 1611‘Hpo

'

1a1t y[L.

p11, 8111 611-

110110161101) ta, 1 7 , x 6(p1 011) 17, ta,6Aa006110111 26118111 18111 611 1 171 110571171 0116111)

81’ '

Op0611015¢109 1102 16111 p 6(1 6x 0111) 71.

60 10016416019) B M 011) 6,1Bp6(x 011) 7 , 70011.

4o’

Op0611015

¢109 1 179 110301 179) 81’ ’

Op0611015¢109 1 017’

I 1101181109 (1

111111811) 1. q'

M ov) 1, 1 01160009)(111111811) [BL ,

x 6(p0011) ( L .

dM ov 818 26.145w 1102 1 8111 [141 6w )

B. 61110(K61Ir€019) 8 x 6(p1011) 11A(6 1'

01)B8'

17'

1'15"

45 [7 6110141 01 i[6pa]s (dpovpat) po, 811010161 1809) p11, gra( x .

2 7—8. These two linesadded later ; betweenthemalinehas beenerased. 30. 8

before yu(au)corr. froma. 1above the line. 32 . 7 writtenover X6(p0011), whichhasbeenerased. 43. 11 of 011111s corr.

18 6y1101<0>p6va65 611-10116416019 : this phrasemakes it certainthat 61110( 1nthispapyrus stands for 61110 111411: or {0 1066111 10001 insome form;and nodoubt theabbreviationis tobe expanded inthe same way elsewhere, e. g.

5 . There rsadiagonal dashagainst the names Xap1'1 1011 hereand '

A111'

1117109and Ma'pamin11. 7and 1 1 .

6. i. e. the number ofarourae according to the 61118 1164111 agreed with thesupposed number , '

1'

1ro11 is similarly added both at the beginning and end of the lineinl. 39. Whenthe numbers disagreed the fact 18 noted by the words 111010)or

B Cf. 92. introd.7—8 . Cf. 8 1. 29

—3o.

1 2. cf. 81. 31 , note.6. This Petenephies 1s very likely identical with Petenephies 'm cf. p. 5 44.

theabbreviationoccurs in the same posi tion in the three succeeding lines,theamount be ing inall cases the same, 115aroura. I ts interpretation is very doubtful ;x’

b’is the name ofatax in98—5 , but that is unsu itable here

,unless indeed land liable

to the tax bemeant.y (61 cf. 11. 19and 2 1 , where the same square- shaped symbol which 13 similar tothat

ordinarily used for 6 1 09 is found preceded by a, B, y or b,andalwaysasaqualificationof 6111161121 11. Themeaning is uncertain, but probably the reference is to theage of thevineyard, which would of ecourse haveanM portant bearing on its value i . e. we shouldread a(Imus), B (61 611 ,and so on. This is preferable to the view that the numberssignify the years of t e current reign, since the document is dated in the 2nd yearand it is unlikely that these entries were notadded till twoyears later.

A 3

354 1153 1 11s PAPYR I

2 1 . Themarginal 111’

g’isapparently intended to represent the sumof the figures

giveninll. 16—2 1 asamatter of fact theseadd up toasmall frac tionless than20.

25 . This nameand the first two inthe next columnwere filled inlater.27. [q : the supplement is gained by subtracting the sumof the other items from

150, which is giveninl . 36as the total.35 . 611 1 611

‘

Hpa’mu : cf. introd. to 80and 81.

36. The figures in this line refer to the original numbers, not those given bv the8116111114111 . The 3arourae of wheat occurred inl. 32,and the 8 of grass inl. 22 .

i

For

Cf. 81. I I , note.43. cf. 82. 2 1 , note .44. 1rpo( is perhaps for 1rp6(9)as in81. 29 (cf. 81. 9, though here it would

beadverbial cf. 88 . 2 , 941. 2, &c.

45 . 1111( the word intended is perhaps the sameas that inl. 1 2 , &c . xa(ralte1’1rovra1)is less

8 3 . L131 or CLE RUCHS AT M AGDOLA.

27-

30. 32 8 x cm. Late second centuryThis papyrus is part ofadocument simi lar to 82, written inperhaps the

same hand but inadifferent year the continuationof 8 2 was nodoubt j ustwhatwe have here. The contentsarealong l ist of holders of cleruchic land withthe amounts of their holdings, accompanied , as in 82, by details concerningacreageand crops, based uponanew survey . That the locality to whichitrelates is Magdolais shown by the mentions of the ‘

Hpéiovand the aiytahdc(cf. introd .

, 82. and the recurrence (ll . 74and 79)of someabbreviationswhichare otherwise pecul iar to 82. The first two columnsare occupied withalong l ist of holders of 5 arourae, who were no doubt nevrdpovpot péx tpot ;cf. note on 5 . Theseare succeeded by the What-rat, who fill the wholeof the nex t column. The upper part of col . iv is missing ; the lower half refersto owners of larger xAijpot ranging from 20 to 50arourae— no doubt 1011011101.

This list is therefore compiled on the opposite principle to those fromKerkeosiris, inwhich the more important cleruchs regularly precede. 182 is

afragment from asimilar l ist from Magdola.The first reli c of the papyrus is wrongly joined so that its versocorresponds

with the rectoof the remainder of the roll .

‘

Ap1r0xpé1 179‘

Aphokofi109 6.

1rpo( 6111001641609)01 yt5

(ar1) 1 (111170031)8L7 t s"

, xqpm)L 'f.1113111)

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TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

"E pp0 11

‘P'

611101101511109 dBpéxov 6.

60 100164160 9) 0 M 011) dBp6(x 011) 6XB'

17 61 0061119 Hex 1501a9 6 .

60 100164160 9) 0 M 011) 6 .

’

Op061101‘

3¢19 2011011030 109 6000p01611119) 6.

60 10016416019) 0 M 011) 6.

¢11Aa11116311°4 181511011 1 017 M 6000p(,161109) 1.

60 100164160 9) B, 1 (0 1111651) 0 1100401 61) 0,dMo )

(0 1111631) 17, 1.

22. cpymcafiove op0 610119, which is crossed through. 28. 06160ovx 0 1 corr. from0 61 60011x 011.

Col. i i i .

Ends of 3 lines

[H61 ]6001’

1x 09 9 0311109 811 6

1011 116011 dApv(p1'

809) 1.

[60 100164160 9) yaw) 1 6(00v) x 6(p0o11) 7 L , 17.

H61 6x0[v]’

E p1y6019° 607 111 611 1 171 0po(0680 1)

°

6000001611119) 1. 60 1001641 60 9) (0vp01) 10L8'11

'

.

[M ]app1‘i9 201101100 109 611 1.

60 100164160 9) 6 M ov) 611 1.

110179 ? 6v1a;1015v109 611 1117 407631) 1.

60 1001641609) 6 M 011) 611 1.

9 60 11 110 611011109 811 2 7 00611011) 1011 11l

611 1. 60 10016416019) 6 M 011) 611 aly1(ak6 1) 1.

’

Op0611015¢109 1 017 H61 001'

p109 x 6(p0011) 1.

60 100164160 9) 0 7 15011) dBp6(xov) JA(J\011)

x 6(p0011) 1.

’

Op06lo119 1017 H011p015p109 611Bp6(x o11) 1.

60 100164160 9) 6 y6(011) x 60100v)aLS’

1'

s"A'

B'

dMo ) x 6(p0011)

”I “,

XB1

,

1411110311109 H1 0A6/101’

011 x 6(p0011) 1.

60 10016416019)B y6(011)x 6010011) dMo ) x 6(p0011)BXB'

.

83. THE LAND SURVEY 35 7

’

4 011A110 168011 1017 111 0061106011)a’006pov 1.

60 10016416019) 6 M 011) ci 6x 0v

49. 601 111 111 6 171 overanerasure of

Col. iv.

9 or I O lines lost.’

4 011[Aq0 1d]8011‘HA1080

'

1p011 1600 11, l 110( 6

N 111(a9 3 111 1001 11011 11, 600 0p016v09) 6

60 100164160 9) 6 M ov) 11, I (0 1111031) 10 6. x 6(p00v) 0A , 74000709]H10A6paf0v 1 06

‘Hp0’

18011 d0 [é 11, 16140 6 61 1809) 6

1 013 A tpvalov 000ha01406 61 1809) 5"60 10016416019) 611 1031

‘Hp16(011) (0vp6 1) 11, dMo ) I

6

2 lines lost.82 1 06 6010000161109)

60 100164160 9) 611 1051‘Hp0

’

1(0 1) (0 1111651) 11.

4 11111010 1’

4 011h11(0 168011) 2,01 6,11v 31017] 111 0001106011)

74. v corr. from11.z . 0po( may stand for cf. 1. 29and 82. 44, note.

a76011 cf. 62. introd.'

6. bo BANHisamistake for B.

0

8. 8121 86 1 139 6M u(pwp1'as) i. e. in the 6 15011116p 0 the owner of this piece Of land

was describedas Horus sonof Orsenouphis, not sonofOrses.’

The «1501111611110 (cf. 8 5 . 1)alsoimpliesasurvey, but is distinguished fromthe 31101114119.29. 0po( cf. note on1. z .

42. There canbe little doubt that x ( 017( here stands for 10100 111)whichis thus shownto beaparticular variety of 6 plant. For the tax called 11111601 19

enfiaimv cf. 61. (6)318, note.

48 . If 7L is right, the total should be 0on theanalogy of l. 58 ; it does not seempossible toread BL .

49. 116x0 (pc0116m1)0po(0680 1): Cf. 81. 4, 19.

6c . The totalhas not beenfilled in.

74. 110( cf. 1. 79and 81. 31 , note.

79. Something that looks likea7 seems tohave beenwrittenabove the illegiblefigure or figuresafter

83. cf. 82. 35and introd. to 80and 81.

358 TEB 1 11l PAPYR I

84 . LAND SURVEY OF KE RKEOS I R I S.

27 -22. (0) 3 16 11 32 , (6) 3ox 91 cm. 1 18 .

Thisand the three fol lowing documents (8 5 —7)areall survey l ists of landedproperty , 84 and 8 5 deal ing withKerkeosiris

,8 7 withanother vi l lage inthe

vicinity of Kerkeosiris,and 8 8 withA rsinoe. Other survey l ists of Kerkeosir isare described in15 1 and 258.

These lists, whichwere drawn up yearly in the ofiice of the komogrammateus, take two shapes, one beingmore detai led than the other. Of

those dealing withvi l lages the less elaborate lists (e. g. 84,8 5

,15 1

,15 2)

give the geographical relationships of the several estates, the nature of theland

,whether 18000 11115, iepd, or “101o 11115, the areas inarourae, and, in the

,case of yii, the rent inartabae of wheat. Where for various reasonsthe land was unproductive its nature is described , whether salt

water- logged (6pflpoxos), &c . Themore detai led l ists, e. g. 8 7 (cf. 86

verso), state inadd itionthemeasurements of the estatesand the resultingareas,whichowing to the systemof land -measuring emp loyed are onlyapprox imatelycorrect (cf. 8 7 . P. Brit. M us. 267 isan instance ofasimi lar survey

ofad ifferent part of the Payfim(probably near Socnopaei N esus) drawnup

in the Roman period . A comparison .

of the present series of documentswiththat papyrus renders it practical ly certain that theassessments upontheland in P. Brit. M us. 267 , ranging from21} to 7 artabae upon the atouta

,

the commonest being artabae, do not, as the ed itor suggests, represent

tax es butare rents of 5 00 11111111y?” for artabae is the ord inary rent foranarouraof Crown land in 84 and 8 5 ,and the absence in P. Brit. M us. ~ 267

of astatement that the land was 5 000 11115has its parallel in 8 5 , where inthe case of Crown land it was sufficient to state the rent withoutadefiniteindicationsuchas is found in84 of the nature of the land.

The land is arranged under the d ifferent 06p1x 16110-raor enclosing dykes

(cf. note on13 . ofwhichsomehave names, e. g. 6 6111101 011 (84 . Hrohq ov

A6y011611011 1101 011 (8 5 . others only numbers, e.g. the 4th0 6pfx 0110 (84 . othersare distinguished by the points of the compass (8 5 . 1 1 2 soppa0 6116101110, cf. 1.The starting-

pointsare the vi l lage itself (84. 6)or the lands ofanother vi l lage(84 . 7and Canals, drains (éfaywyol, cf. note on18 . condu itsreservoirs dykes,and roadsare inc luded inthe survey . Incidental lythese lists provide some usefu l informationabout the xhnpofixot and theirholdings ; cf. App. i . 3.

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TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

1160011) 6x 6(;1e11o9) 00x 60161109) A1(B09) 11A(1'

ip09) (6111013001109) 160011511109)AaB619 ¢a1p[ ef]0v9 s

‘

L .

0111701031 011) dpx o(p6111] s)Bo(ppc'

i) 11610169 Mappe1'au9 Ba(0'

1A111179)

q'

L8'

W flep1e1q p611q9) 81030113109)s'

L .

151m(A10'11 011) 6x o()1611a11) 1‘

1110A6(y011) éApdp1'

8o9) 1 09 6019 A0 (61 0119)a.16111)(A1161011) 1) x exwpwp6m1 1rp6o

'

0809 a8'.161111(A1a'11 011) 6x 0(p611119) ¢ pap ii111s H61 001

'

p1(0)9 Ba(0'

1A111fi9) B.

6x 0(;1611011)a’pxo(p611011) Bo(pp6) 1'

1110A6(yo11) 1 00 16110

1 00 (61 0119) 11.

1160011) 6x 0()1611011) 0813117 011101?

1160011) 6x 0()1611011) 0132001611011) (6117101031 011) 61 0A6(yov) dAp11(p6809) 1 06 16110

1 017 11 (61ou9) yL .

A1(B09) 6x oo16m79) 12p09 He1 ex 63111 09 Ba(0'

1A1x fis) 1)

A1(B09) 6x 0(p6111)9) 1'

1110A6(y011) éAp11(p1'

8o9) 1 017 16110 1 00 (61 0119)a.A1(B09) 6x 001611179) 68011 L.

8 . 1. 1016110 11. 10. 01001 11170Pap. 16. apxo(p cvov)1100011)over the line.

Col. 11.

A1(B09) 6x 0(p6111)9) dpx 0(;1611119) B0(pp61“

)Hc1 epp01‘

3019 Mappefou9 Ba(0'

1A1xfi9)1BL I 0110111613161q 11611119) [L ,

xa0aA61'1ro111 01) 1B.

1160011) He1006p19'

Ap110[¢109 8177 W flep1e1q /16m9)68017 y

'

,

111x0aA61’1ro111 01) 8.

1160ou) 6x 0(11611119) dpx 0016m79) A1(B09)Mappfis' H6100640109 Ba(o1A1111'i9) 817768017 xa(1aAef110111a1) [8.

0111101061 011) 6x o(;1611011) épx 0(;1611011) Bo(pp61‘

) 1}q 6(7 011) 1 00 0110

100 (61 0W) 9 [1160011)600161109) ¢ayé1n9 ’

O1111r6¢p1a9 Ba(a'1A11159)0[

84 . THE LA ND SURVEY 361

1160011)6x 0(;1611119)Map/1179 H61001'

p109 B0(0'

1A1xfi9)0L 1 01101116p161q p6m9)68017 L , 11000A66110111 01)0.

1160011) 6xao1611119) 0px 0(116111)9) T66¢6B19 X 66p109 B0(01A11169)8117 w wepmkwflfm)

0800 11000A61'

1rov101) 8.

A1(B09) 60016110) 81811115

M 1339) 6x oolfm)épxootem) 190001101)M«111119 Mappfl'ovr 194010111111) 1 8’

1160011) 616016109) 0px 60161109) A1(B09) 11A(11po9) (6111011014309) X oouqmog)‘P

'

6115io'

19 21 641011011 1,- L ,

100 061017 0 , ( L.

0111)(A1161o11)600161117) 8163111150111101051011) 6x o(116111)9) 0px 0(116111)9) Ba(ppi )‘

Ap1111‘

30'

19c

1111111150109 B0(111A1

11179) B.

1160011) 0px 0(116111)9) 0111791061 011) H61 61100x 09 2011011601109 Ba(0

'

1A111fi9) 8L .

A1(B09) 6x o(p6111)) 81811115A1(B09) 6x 0(;1611179) dpx 0(116111)9) Bo(pp0) O11111iz3¢p19 H61 60p1]16116(11109) B0

(01A111119)0110 1

110p0(1161’

11611011) 1160011) 6x 6(;161011) 1 017 0131 06 10Aa(111011) 16311 1 (0p011p6311).

6x 0(;1611011)0px 001611011)Bo(pp0) 15110A6(yo11)0Ap11(p(809) 100 0110

1 00 (610119) 0L .

1160011) 6x 0()1611119) ¢ 01pii9 1100-

11 09 8L .

yam”) 0px o(p6m)9) 0111701161011) 141143055019 1161 00170109 B0(0'

1A1

11139) 8.

X1(B09) 816311115 L.

A1(B09) 6x 60161109) 0px 60161109) Ba(ppa) 11A(fip09) X 0011711109)K[61110111 H6x 1511109 s

'

L ,

Parts of 7more lines.

Col. iii beginnings of l ines.

(6) Col. iv.

65 Ba(ppa)6x 0(11611011)6yB01’(vov1 09)0111101031 011)1rap 0

1011 11p07 67 600(p 61p1”16v1711)6019 1 013 11poy6y6000161p1u1611011) 65471017 00)

362 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

611 1631 110A0v11611011 8 1rema1 1)0101001611011) 1160011)11020111101031 011)£1110A6(y011) 1 06 6019 1 013 A0 (610119)1101 65000611011) 0L .

6x 0(;16110v) 0px o(p611011) A1(B09) 15110A6(y011) 6,11Bp6(x o11) 1 061 6009 1 06

A0 (610119)6x 0(;161117)0px o(p6111)) 116(1ou) 816311115

A1(B09) 6x 6016110)0px 6(p 6110)116(1ou)10 116p2 1011 16311 (130001116111 0

pofipaw)B0(pp0) H61 6p1101

'

5019 21011017109 yL 01 40)

Bc(pp0) 6x 0(;16110v)0px o(p611011) 1'

1110A6(yo11) 0Apv(p1'

809) 1 017 0110

100 11 (61 0v9)B.

A1(B09) 0px o(p6111)9) Bo(pp0) 17 61 60015011 06017) 11p011080\011 810

H61 006p1(0)9 1411611116109 s‘

L

Parts of 12more l ines.

67 1 011 6109 con. from 70. 11px o(p.61111)corr. fromBa(ppa)6xo(p6110). 1100011)above the line. 73. 1161 611o 011 06(OII)1151011001o above the line.

Col. v.

1160011) 6x 6(;161109) (61110p011p09) 160011611109) 1101119 p 1(11p09) KaAa1 151 109 s

'

L,

1 00 0611017 Ba( 111A111fi9) 0 6 , ( L.

116(1ou) 6x 0(116111)9) 0px o(p6111)9) K6111 19”flpov B0(111A11tfi9) 18

A1(B09) 11A(iipo9) (611101110p011p09) 160011511109) 4’p6p019”

1211011 6 .

A1(B09) 6yB01(1101511 179) Bo(pp0) 1rap0 1011 11p0‘

y67 6010161p1u16111111)16p09 yfis 2011116B1 1511109 0600 116709011) 116700011)

810 16311 l6p60>11 06 .

A1(B09)6x 6(,1161109)11A(1'

ip09)(61110010p011p09)160011511109) H10A6palov 10,

1 00 001 00 01’ c

1111001511 105“1 00

1161011171109 6 6 , 118.

A1(B09) cip 11A(6p09) 6068011

110001116011)H61p0011 9 6011109 0110 1y.

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364 TE B 1 11l PAPYRI

H011A1711108179 Z011A1711108011 1B.

1160011) 6x 60161109)0px 60161109)0111701161 011) 11A(0p09) 6068011 71610B6B0(116109)669 1 0139 110 006110119) 61101619)

9111011000011 100 7100 011108011 10A0(111011) 8.

A1(B09) 6x 6(;1611as) (6x 01ov10povpo9) 110A6;1011109 100 9171001116011 10

A0(111011) vy.

A1(B09) 6x 60161109) 11A(1'

ipo9) 611016009)91110AA080'

1p011 106 1110A67106011

0110 f 117.

A1(B09) 6x 6o1611a9) 11A(0po9)011Aa1r61au M0p0011 1011 1102

N 6111 0000111 1161006p109 10A0(111011)

Bo(pp0) 6x o(;1611011) 6yB01'

(11011109)0111)(A1161 0v) 6£0y1nyofi 8

Bo(pp0) 6x 0(,u611011) 0px 001611011) A1(B09) 1'

1110A6(yov)6p 6xw 1 013 0110 1 017 p

011001161 011) 6x 0(,u611011)0px 00161100) 6507 107 00

Bo(pp0) 6x 6(;161109) 11A(1’

ip09)011A0( 1161011)’

A 1101101A0011 1[0]1’

J

130 200AA01116011 0110 1 y.

1 16. 1 ofn111 0a001v corr. from0 . 1 18. Bof 1B corr. fromg . 1 2 1 . 1 0Many)above the line ; 17 corr. 1 22 . 10107001) 1011 overanerasure. 1 2 7 . r; corr. fromg .

rag-

30. These lines overanerasure. 1 29. 00210Pap.

Col. vu.

Bo(pp0) 6x 60161109)0px 6(;161109) 0111701031011) 11A(1'

ip09) 111016009)’

A110AA080’

1p011

1 013 111 0A6;106o11

10A0(111011) 16311 f pflBll.A1(B09) 6x 0(;1611011)0px o(;1611011) 116(1ou) 1

'

1110A6(yov) 671Bp6x 011 1013 0110 1 06 p

(61009) 8.

d p0) 6x 6o1611a9) 67B00110011)0110(A1a$1 011) 11A(0po9) 011Aa( 11l1o11) ’

A1101101Aéw

1 011 911110v 6011

10A0(111011)

M 1116) 600161011) 61134 11011 09) 6100161 011) 15314101109) d11i«1lxaipévw)0110(A10

’

11 011) 0.

110pa(1161;1611011) A1(B09) 6yB0411011109) 1160011) 1102 Bo(pp0) 6507 107 00 B.

1 00 116p1x 0'

10101o9)

84. THE LAND SURVEY 365

wapaocecpévov) 7110809) e’

x oocévov) e’

yfiafivmw) 1101110 1011 flpoyeye

1110111pm1€1m11) 0x 01(111'011)e’

v 1631 xakovpévau 9 111401 011) wep1x ¢fi(pa1 1)[[8ta

’

1p11ya9 65017 010100)116(10v) 6300161011) 67611411011 09)A1(fi09)011011117 00) épfip6x 0v

v6(1ov) éx ome'vov) dpx dpévov) dmfikufiwv)15017 017 06 11110 e a.A1(fi09) 6001611011) dpx ogue

'

vov) 116(1 0v) 1'

1110A6(yo11) e’

pfipfixw) 100 3009 1 06

A0 (31 0119) 8.

Bo(pp6) e’

x 60mrov) 10A0(111011) 1 6311 e 1 017 £547 01o 8.

fio(pp&) éouévov) 131100661011) 1 179 3009 1 00 AO (31 0119) 7 .

Bo(pp&) e’

x 0(p€11011) £yfiaf(1101r109)d Aufimv) 6507 017 017 L.

Ba(pp¢i) aipx 6(pe1109) A1(B09) xMfip09) (éxa10v1épovp09) 20111110111p r

'

ov d1r0 1 017

(1rp61 6p011)mfip0v09 106 Kpa1 ef1'011 y , 11012

11110 1 06 (1rp61 6p011)‘

HA10801'

1p011 1 017 M qvo80'

1p011‘

1,

/ 1y.

éx 6(p e1109) xNfip09) p11afiefiq(116109) 1011 1141 01111011)1 01? H10Aq1a1'011 118.

dM Mafi'rov) 6001511179) épx dp évm) v6(1011) 1611819 7 139 2015

x 011 66017 [1674

(M v) 1117 40100)810 He1 61110156011 11012Mea1a0'6(1p109) 1L.

136. ap‘ x"Pap. 137 . This line overanerasure. 142 . After epfipoxovanerasure. 147 . This line inserted.

dpx 6(pe1109)1111110161011)11A(fip09)(éxarow dpov )B0111x 1311

1 017

A1(fl09) 6901611011) dpouévov) 6760111011109) 8M 7110'

11011) 15110A6(7 011)e’

pfipax ov) 109 81110 p (310119)

6901611011) dpouévov)010809) 1511071601011) épfip6xov 100 d1r0 106 11

610119) 16.

366 1 5 3 1 11l PAPYRI

dr qOua'flov) dpxooufvm) 116(1ou) Mappfi9 1111 1151 09 3408111169)8 11141)

Ba(pp¢i) 2“4611161611109 810 1161 611110661“

1 03 9111111116019 1 M 0)

Bo(pp6) 610011611179)911111111109 H11 0111’

p109 184001111179) 9' dv(0)

e’

x dpévov) 1113901611011) e’

pfipflxw) 1 06 c’

v

103 1101 (51 61)fl1540)A1(B09) Qafio'w QIB109 11112of 11€(10x 01) 18 dv(0)A1(B09) 6001611011) dpx dpévov) 111100601011) ép(fip6x 0v) 1 06 311 161 11a

(31a) 8 dv(0) 8Ly' 1'fi'

60001162) xMfipm) 111 9 60011 9 6011109 A.

éx 6(1111109) 110651109) (é111ép011p09)19011611109)F em'io-w T evfimw q'

]L.

Bo(pp&) éxooévov)aipx oguévov) A1(B09) 151100601011) 1 017 811 1 6 1 11a(51a)1111110161 011)

'.l2p09 11116 1 09 Bdmkmfiflx [

A1(fl09)éx 60111109)aipx 60111109) 11061109) (1p1a110v16p0vp09)[11011 H01111 01]11x 011

1 017 Ha111a15x 011 11110A81'

7'

XB'

11.

3001116) e’

x 60ue1109) cipx 6(pe1109) { dpx 60161109)} 8111701031011) 110651109) é¢68011

1 09 M 1111'

1111011 00110

M (B09) 151001611011) 1511071601011) épfip6x 011 1017 1 06

164. 210 of 0110210000)corr. froma. 166. 8 beforeav(a)0011. fromg . 1 70. 11 0011.

Col. ix .

04309) 116(1 0v) 1111110 1011 [wpoyeyedpwpnpe'mfi

11x 01(111’

011)18° alép l ) 56017 017 00] 1

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TBE TUNIS PAPYRI

K01p1[ H61 60017x 09 N 6111 611£fi109 60401011169) 15 811(c‘

1) B.

631001611179) [H6]1{0011919‘

Ap1101’

¢109 B 8r(0)6x 6(;161109) 8px 6(1161109) A1(fi09) 110(1

'

ip09) (6111 8p011p09) X 0016v109)K0M 060q9 8110 (1160011) 118019

H61 60015x 0van.

8111101031 011) 8px 0016m9) 3001116) 116169 M01111660119 Ba(01k1xfi9)51 . 8.

6x 0(p 611179) M (fi09) Qpapiivw 17 6100600109) 314010111179)

6x 001611119) 8110 (1160011) 08017 1102 1511011601011) 116x 01p10116m9810 H81p011109

6x 001611119) 8px 0(116m)9) 18001118) ¢ p8 p61119 H6100£p109)Ba(01A1

116(10v) 6x 001611179) 8px 0(p 6111;9) M011111179 118 2w r’

i9 1101261110(

1 M el) 6b

A1(fi09) 6x 0(116111)9)’

O11116¢p19 T66 109 1) 81101) 7 .

WM) 6001611179) 8110 (1160011) 0801? 8px 001611119) 3000118) Hef t-1111017619

Mapp660119 314010111179) 13

610016111)9) 6760411060179) 8111701105100)H6100i'

p19 p of¢109 640W

1169) 8 81. [y 1'

6 H61 00 1p19 314010111179) 5 8110 8

v6(1011) 6x 0(;1611179) T6819 9 01 0p1 ¢ 6011 1; 8Ly

'

1'

B’

.

6x 0(116111)9) 721160011 T611106660119 8110 1 179 (11'

p61 6p011)T61110061

'

0119 106 HGTOO'fp

‘ Ba(01k11169)6768 101060119)A1(fl09)M8 111169 H6100 {p10[9 6]0(01A111179)

A1(fl09) 8110 (1160011) 810'

1p1ry0(9) 8191001611179)Bo(pp1'

i)HaAv .

116(1ou) 6x 0(; 1611179) 8px 001611119) 81117011031 00)H61 6001‘

3x 09 Xap[a11(w1109A1(fi09) 6x o(p6111)9) 8110 (1160011) 810

'

1p11(yo9) 9 031119 11601119)K6111 601[09 81101 06

1 017 H61 60p\}16111§0109

84. THE LAND SURVEY

Inthe leftmarginupside down117 (610119) 0.

Beginnings of lines of col. x i .

5—7. The survey starts withthe land onthe southand east of the village, takingas the northern limit the free space round the village itself,andas the easternboundarythe lands belonging toTheogonie, onthe probable site ofwhichsee note on17 . 5 .

8- 10. This land was unproductiveand probably formed partof the 61167107011mentionedin60. 7 , whichwas distinct fromthe unproductive Crownlands (cf. p. 182arouraewere meaning that the rock came up to the surface ; while 10arourae consistedof d ome

, i.0. 416m», 101and 1111 being frequently confused inthese papyri, especially byM enches,andappear tohave beenaplace for threshing. Included inthesea8garouraewere numerous pigeon-houses ; cf. the nex tnote.

9. The 1000 677 1211 were nests for the pigeons. A tax ofa1p1'1 1),ashere, upontheprofits of 111p101

'

6p6w9 is knownfromaThebanostraconof the Ptolemaic period (Wilcken,011. I I . no. 1 228, cf. I . p. Inthat case the tax was paid to the government, but inthe present instance the proceeds were devoted to Soknebtunis, i. e. tohis temme atTebtunis probably ; cf. p. 543.

1 1 . 110809) i. e. onthe west of the cf. 86 . introd.12 . Onthe frequency of the references to the 39thyear, whichprecededan8111850,

cf. 61. (6)31and p. 5 53.

16. dpxo(m'm) the word 8px 6116v09, whichoccurs frequently inthese surveylists, but not inP. Brit. us. 267 , is introduced by the surveyor wheneverhe changesthe direction inwhichhemeasured the plots of land ; 6 . g. 1161011

“6x 6116 709 8px 611¢vos A136:means This plot is southof the lastand the directionof the survey is now fromwest to

east.’ The directionfollowing dpx épwoc isnaturallyat rightangles tothatpreceding lx épcminits ownentry,and Opposite to that preceding 1576c : inthe nex t entry, e. g. ll. 2 1 , 27 ,29,ac. For instance inl. 2 1 the Banana)of Petotts was east of the d ip” of Labois,andcipXop e

‘mBappameans that the surveyor whohad beenmeasuring fromwest to east beganat this point to take the plots onaline drawn fromnorthto south. Thereareafewex ceptions to this rule withregard to the directionfollowing 8px6pem; but the fact thatanenormousmajority of instances supports it cannot beamereaccident,and the ex ceptionsare probably due toerrors onthe part of the personwhodrew up the survey. Thusinl. 16and 8 5 . 59 161011 isamistake for floppa,and inl. 1 74 Boppc‘i should be vdrov in 8 5 .

26 8pxoy6m9 and in8 5 . 48 6pxom’mc 01561 should be omitted, since inneither caseis thereany change of direction; 8 5 . 5 3 8px 0p 6

'm79 Bappaand 8 7 . 47 6px 6p¢m611921161 00are not wrong, but superfluous ; 8 5 . 92 is notanex ception, two contiguous farms beingtakenasabase for starting north; in8 5 . 55 dpxope

'ms 611911181 00 seems tohave beenomitted.

101 1640116100) land wornawaybywater ; cf. 74 . 5 2 , P.Amb. I I . 85 . 16. Inthe presentcase itappears thatacanal ( l. 1 5)had eatenaway its banks, while the reservoir (1. 13)hadwater- logged theneighbouring land (11. 12and

1 7. cf. l. 9,and l. 37 , whichshows that the following word is inthe genitive. Themi arourae included .3arouraofacanal, whichis subtracted,leaving 1 2 .

20. Chomenis was the commander of the {mépovpot péx quocat Kerkeosiris ;cf. 60. 29. Hismenare called Kopqmax oi

TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

32. the word is clearly the sameas that used inP. Brit. M us. 267 ,whichis twice writtennapag', but generally t op

“ashere. whichis inthis instanceusedabsolutely, in l . 139, &c., governsanaccusative,and if it is there tooaparticiple,some word like is necessary ; but the simple prepositionmakes good senseinthose cases whereanaccusative follows,and the practice of writing the last letter ofashort word above the line is not uncommonat this period. Onthemeaning see 86 .

introd.45 - 6. For other instances ( cf. ll. 5 7 , 87, 95 , 81C.)of c leruchs, especially the native

Egyptiansoldiers,holding little pieces of Crownland cf. 98 . introd.5 1 . 61101 : the figure whichshouldhave comeafter this ismissing.

70. Ibion of the twenty- fivearouraeholders was nearKerkeosirisonthenorth-west ;cf. 1. 194and note on17 . 5 .

74. Hnw lp1(o)9 3110 1116019 : Cf. 98 . 65 . This land was lcpd not thoughthe rent isgiven; cf. I. 1 1 2and 93 . introd.

91 . projecting,’

the Opposite of receding’

; cf. 87 . 25and P. Brit. M us. 267 . 28, note. Kenyonreverses themeaning of the two terms, whichseems to us wrong ; cf. 8 6 . introd.

94—6. Besideshis M pas of 19atontas (cf. 01. (a) 6 1)asan clamdpovpoc innit,

Harmiusis sonof Ptolemaeus owned 5 arourae of Crownland onwhichhe paidarentof 5artabaeanaroura(cf. note on1. This was let toHarphaésis sonofPetosi

97 . Petronsonof Theonowned 24arouraeat Kerkeosiris (cf. 68 . whichheceded inthe s4thyear toDidymarchus, whoseapplicationto be registeredas the ownerof the dapas is the subject of 80. Apparently 15 arourae of it were inthis i tch(cf.1. 107and 62. and what M enches probablymeant to say inl. 98 was that out of1 5arourae 13 werehere, the two remainingarourae beingaccounted for inl. 107. Buthe seems tohave written17 instead of u bymistakeand thentohave erased it, withoutsubstituting the correct number.

roo. 13401111161)is omitted before BL, perhaps byanatural error, but in85 the Crownland is indicatedmerely by the statement of the rent ; cf. introd.

1 10. 0x 01(vt'

011) cf. ll. 139, 1 79, 8 7 . 25 , &c.,and P. Brit. M us. 267 . 49and Kenyon'snotes onll. 6and 28 . The schoenionisameasure of lengthconsisting of too 116x 119,and0 xm(v1'ov) is to be connected inall these cases withthe participlemeaning projecting orreceding. In8 7 ,as inP. Brit. M us. 267 , the number of schoeniaby whichtheareainquestionprojected or receded fromthe previousareais stated, but in84 this is uniformlyomitted, the figureat the end of the line being thearea(inarourae)of the land, 8181106, &c..

whichwas under consideration.1 12. Cf. note onI. 74.

1 32. The 5 following 11 should nothave beenerased ; cf. 1. 1 23.139 sqq. A survey. of the land inthempc’xoyaof Themistes isalso found in168,

vaheremany of the same names occur but the order is difi'erent ; 15 8 is several years latertan84 .

The details inl. 139 refer to thearspveor {Gays -

yd: inl. 141 , whichhas beenerasedwithout the substitutionofanew entry.

148. the fi rearmwho received grants in Euergetes I I’

s reignareregu larly said to be owners of 100arourae cf. p. 547 .

167. or perhapsHrapx utds). The corresponding passage in15 8has Gin)“106 9611109 lmp[x 1 06 N fipov). But cf. l. 176 50671109)

1 74.mm141 cf. p. 5 50.

189. Ont e site ofBerenic is 9 101101114000 see note on17 . 5 .194. The dyke of Polemon, the first piece of thismptxopato be surveyed,

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372 TE BTL'

N I S PAPYR I

E lia-nm) (new z - e (in -t) u b ra:

.)n 816 ) 63” I

‘l (m).hr AM 15 I q I

l 1 e (61 0 8 )M r)H6164911116919 Happ6( 0)vt tfl L. 6 (61009)

6 (61 001) i M y)M 0)

Lines 6, 8, 1 2 fiomt c 5 andall entries cnnceming tbe sthyw imu tedhw .

4. 1 inv t . l fi c d’

p flbcornfiomaw . mamm. frm1m.

C01. 11.

11111 6 108 1 4: 410111 10 1“30131

C (61m) 7 2px .

i px owfmr) éfliv’tté f w)“4911171 ”I 18

6 (61 0119)

W931) 31100161 111) 30011115) 11006611 4 06mm8 M 3) 81- 1' 1'fl'

6 (61 0111)

W 0!) 6x 00161'179)d r ow n“ H1 0A6p¢ lov tfl, l 0M 0) 1 840)a.

85 . THE LAND SURVEY 373

A1(B09) 6x 001611179)11107t6110f09 1110h61101'011 1 6 611

Khflwt) T 6111?(0109) 6,

6 8v(0)6]x 0(p611179)8px 0(116111)9)At(B09)

‘

Hp81106109 N 1118110p09

6 I 6 (610119)611 Khrj (pa11) T 6111j (0109) y, B.

d1n-101m) 410 00161 110] 19411116) M épwv 139140101 8 M el)1 6 (610119)

6x 0016vn9) 110110011109’

A110)th01111'011 81. 81101)

v6(1ov)691001611179)3170110131 011 1100'

O]p0611015¢109 08110 6 (610119)6910016111711) 1161 60015x 011 T66 109 1011 (11p61 6p011) 917011031011 106'

Op0611015¢109 0 6 (61 0119)110p0(1161/1611179) 81117(h10'11011) 6x 001611179) Mapp1'i9 7 110110011 BL 8L .

6 (610119)7 04100161116s ) A1(B09) 6xao1611179)8px 001611179)Bo(pp1'i) ’

A110M\1611109 26p1¢f011

6 8Ly'

1'

B'

6 (610119)116(10v) 6x 0(11611179)

'

Hp811h6109 N 1118110p09 8 6 (610119)6x o(,u611179) 261106139 [w ofmw 1B 8y(0)6 (610119) 10. 67t(0000r)a.

1101 11'8p61101 110110] 1101 ( aL , pyeL .

Lines 2 1- 4, 28, 30 from11 , 31 , 33, 45 ,andall entries concerning the sthyear inserted34. 1 before (time)0011.

Col. iii .

6x 0016’m9) M 0pp609 7 00 7 1106600 8 81.

6xao1611179) 1 11113019 5

6x 001611179) 8px 0(,t1611179) A1(B09) 111 07t61101'

09 9 6011109 16, I 1B 8110‘

y 8110

116(10v) 6XOOt f'

V119)‘

Apt1a'11 r79 M0pp60v9 6

6xo(,u611179) 8px 001611179)A1(B09)e ohha’wto; 1187 011 1 8v(0)8111701161 011) 6x 001611119) 261106119 M 0pp6[0]119 6 0.

110p0(116111611179) A1(B09) M 0ppfi9’

I p0116011 BL.

374 1153 1 11l PAPYR I

6x o(;1611179) 8110 81670110109) 8px 0(/1611179)B0(pp8)T6819 Oomp006011 [1 179 (11p61 6p011)

1161 60015x 011 6 8Ly'

6B'

. 6

2000004181169 1101106011 6 8[01(B09) 6x 0(11611179) 8px 0016v179)Ba(ppi )9111017 13019 '

.flp011 206x 011

6x 0(11611179) 2110000116011 1110061106011 10111 [161 0B6(B1711610011)

[1011 11141011160 11) 118.

6x 001611n9) 8px 0(11611179)01(B09) 1161 617019 6 0150109 8 840) 8Ly'

6B'

.

s

6x 001611011) 8px 0(;1611011) r16(rov)M8p {p } 0011 4 10111106011 (61101011

18p011p09) 110601011) 16

6910011611119)K611119 6 8L7 1"

.B

116(10v) 6xa(1161117s)2111110019 116106p109 7 1'

B'

.

6x 0(;1611179) 01(B09)1161 61'

i019 1102K6111 19 B [8Ly1B.

/ 1( 6 (610119) 16 7 ,

(dpovpat) B (8p18B01) 0.

5 l . acorr. from8. 56. 01(B09) corr. from upxo(1167 179) . 0011x 011 insertedlater overanerasure. corr. 58-

9. These two lines inserted later ; betweenthemisanerasure. In58 above the line. 64

—5 . These lines inserted

later ; alsoentries concerning the 5 thyear.Col. iv ends of lines.

6x 0(,1611179) 1161 66019‘

Apx 1541109

6 (610119)M 0ppfi9 1 02 6 07 179 B, 1100060011) 01 0001101)flapd x ewfm)010959)61106 6109)Ma) Gw yn?)épxowéms‘)

1110061106011

1061 A 1011v00815p011 6

6 (610119) x 6(p0011) L, 0001101) 6011011016101) 8L .

d pt’

i) 6001611011) 8px 0(/1611011) 01(B09) Bpopepofi 106 Z q11080’

1p011 (8318017Kompoflpw)N ina!)

116111611011 611 0111171116061

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.376 15 3 1 11l PAPYRI

Bo(pp0‘

) 6xao1611179) 1161 60000011109 1017”120011 8 BL. 6 (610119) 7

41031) 1.60060001) (0001100) 0 (0010B17) 0.

B0(000) 6x 001611119)7 1061011 4 10111106011 8 BL. 6 (610119)

B0(000"

)6x 0(06111)9)00x 001611179)01111(01a$1011)1100618111009 q'

L8'

6 (61 0119) 1,

60060001) L (001éB01) BL.

010809) 6x 001611179) 0001106809 00 (610119) 2 110000 116011 100 2110000111600 8L

7 1110111 01 100 1160906010109) (110011001) 11598 , I 16009 7 179 2015x 011

0601? 116010000) (110011001) 6 , (87 80111101110001500111) 06, (61101011100000011) 1,

061 0B6(B1)116109) 118, x 8,

0610B6(B1)x 6109) 1, 110010011x 1x 1'

i9)0117 , 16069 1102

Kaovx txfiS) 111111110001 0116001001)1 1118

' l 15110060011)00(610119)00 0 8L (0010B01)

0001101) 1 1yL8'

(0010B01)ZSf8L 1'

B'

, l XyLn'

8L 1

y'

1'

B'

q l

10 8 (0010B01) 7 (0010B01) x 0, vyL BL (0010B01)

11016 828 B (dprdBcu) x 0 0 (0014B01) ta.

9 6011109 1BL , I 1161 65011011 1, T6061100¢1[09] BL.

Lines 99and andall entries concerning the sthyear inserted later. 93. 10110

510010 c : 0 enclosed in brackets. 1 01.apxo(116111)9) 0111101011011)above the line.

104. Eof vfg' corr. fromg . After 0011x 1111anerasure. 107.aof 1134overanerasure.

l I 1. First 1 of 1161 611111011 corr. from0

Col. vu.

011001(BB9) 16 1 067011631011 Boppa'i 11609060101 1)00x o(0611179)B[0]00&

K0101 19 x 02006(10x 09) 0 7 . 6 (610111) 0.

6x 001611119) 110019 11610010109 7 7 . 6 (610119) 7 L.

01(B09) p6(0011) 0800 1161 6011060011

100 M000610119

16001 2'ax e11s [[BI] 7 .

85 . THE LA ND SURVEY 377

B0(000) 6x 001611179) N 0110151 109 2110000 111011 9' B. 6 (610119)9

' 8,

(0’

01 11B01) 1B.

B0(000) 6x 001611179)200311109 110110 111011 160619 2015x 011 BL ,6019 8800 Bappi .

01(B09) 00x 001611119) Bo(00&) 2 110000 111011 1 06 § 0180011 1“

6x 001611179)7 20011 1 00 11610010109 5 01101)6x 001611119) K0000150011 100 7 20011 5 8Ly

'

1'

B'

Z

6x 001611119)’

B01609 100 T0060119 6

6001611119) 80x 001611119) 01(B09) 2011011111017 100 201 601800011 0, l 78L ,

5

6xao1611119)00x 001611119)B0(000‘) 16089 769 2015x 011 06017(00011001) 6. 6 (610119)6x 001611179) 0111701051011) 1161 60017 1119 1102 0 116(10x 09) 88Ly

'

1 6 (610119)011001(B09) 1 060 119 8100110109) 110x 001611119)

’

E0160 9

100 T0060119

(110011001)BL 8L 1

y'

1 6 (610119)

B0(000)6xao1611119)K0000150011 1007 20011 BL 6 (610119)

Line 1 18 inserted later ; also1000)inline 1 26,andallentries concerning the sthyear.1 13. 1101 111 19 overanerasure. 1 15 . 0101) writtenover 1 16. 01 of16001 rewritten. I 25 . y corr. from5

Col. vii i.

11 16010101) B0(00&)600161109) 111101109 1 00 1161 0010109 7 7 .

MW ?) B0(000'

) 6x 001611119) 1161 6x011 1161 6x011109 6 (t°

ro )I 7 7 1

1 1110)191

135 6x 001611119) N611000069 7 200 1 8

(610119) 8L 8,

(0010B11) 0B'

.

6xao161111s)00x 001611119)01(BB9)4 1811009 BL 8. 6 (610119)

378 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

81117916 1011) éx oguéwn) dpx ooéwps)B0(0061'

)H61 6006x 011 1 06”

00011 B11. 6 (51 0119)63001611179) dpxdpe

'

wn) 01100161011)H61 600i‘

1x 01'

Ow6¢0101 8

8. 6 (510119)01(B09)

‘

E ppfou 1 00'

E00fov 8 8. 6 (510119)01(B09) 00x 0016

’

11179)B0(00&)1161 600004111” 1 017"110011 9

"

M 0)BL.

6 (51 0119) 9' 8, 1100101) (0

’

016B111)0.

1160011) éx dfie'm) 1600 yfit 3011x 011 (0606) 060160011) 810 1161 600160111 8,

3019 8800 1161011.

8110 3019 16 11 11602 1011'

IB(ova16 11 (E lx ocm6111000150w ) 116100,dpx o(06

'm9)0110.

110npovx 1x fi9 é¢680111 111006011011 N 01v01(B09) 6001611119) ¢at8pov 1 017 3 110000 111011 9

'

111100016105111)9)B0(006)”

E000 11 2110000111011 7

Bo(00&) 6x 0016'

11119)‘

Hpa1106f8ov 1 00 4 1011110011 8 7 .

Ba(ppi ) éxaouévm) ¢af80011 100 3411000011400 B 840)B0(0061

‘

) 9101101111101? 3101 601815001: 8 1 (801dBa1)06.6 (510119)311 1100501111)3101160109 l[dls

'

L (dpnfBat)0BL , B¢ (01011169)8

(801dBa1) x , 1L (dp1éBat) 11BL , 1 0001) L (dmdBm) t .

Bo(006) 6001611119) 1100000061 109 100 7 10011 8 81100) 8.

6 (31 0119)

Line 136 inserted later ;also/ 1 (WM ) inl. 15 1 ,andall entries concerningthesthyear. ~

Col. ix beginnings of lines.

1 . Thereareapparently traces ofmore thanone letterafter [1]-mus. The numberof the year whichis ex pected is certainly 8 onaccount of theadded entries relating to thesthyear ; but it ishardly possible to reconcile the vestiges withasingle large 8. Perhapsthere was some “

correction. Above this line inthemarginadifl'

erenthandhas twicewritten(Ii -cm.)118 ; but it is impossible that this canbe the date of the survey.

2-

3. 161 16061 for this classification cf. 5 . 194, 68 . 2-

3. «0q 11161 wasoriginally omitted,andaddedabove the line. It is uncertainwhat stood inthe lacuna;there is scarcely roomfor [me 1101 Onland in«iqbc’tmcf.note on5 . 37 . I t is remarkablethat the M 1116seems tobe omitted inthisheading, unless indeed 01160011 ismeant toindicate the crops of the Ba0101111') inparticular.

8 . 111] cf. ll. 1 2, 30, 33,and 15 2, where pieces of land cultivated by Bar-0

7 1110oare similarly stated to be incertain106011. A comparisonwith61. (6) 74 suggests

that these 10600had beenconfiscated,and subsequently leased to cultivators like ordinary5 40101111)76;and thishypothesis would suit one case fairly well, that of Psenesis, who-might

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380 115 3 1 11s PAPYRI

the 11060“of Bromerus sonof Zenodorusare descri bedas M fope’m,and 81. (a)ao—9,

note. The d cafope'mwas theawdptpos whichhad beenassigned instead of x c'paor.103. 600001811: 00(fr-our): i. e. land placed onthe {111600709 list inor before that year.

Fromthis passage whichmentions the name of the 7 6mand the rent itmight be inferredthat the landhad now been leased ; but 1. 1o7 , where this land is deducted fromthe01 601001,makes itmore probable that Apollonius was the lessee before the land was placed311 ems-fl,and the 4 artabae were the previous rent.

104- 1 1 . These ines giveasummaryof the land contained inthempr’xopaofwhichthe

surveyhas just beencompleted. The land isarranged under twomainheads : ( 1) 1106mid qpoux rxé, the latter of whichis divided upaccording to the difi'

erent classes of d ypoor ;

( 1)1311010116, classifiedaccording to its qualityas ex pressed inthe difi'

erent rents obtainedfor it. From( 2) is subtrac ted the land of Apollonius 311 60110679 (cf. 1. 103, note). Theholdingmentioned inl. 1 r 1as belonging to the topogrammateus Theonstands by itself,and is to be compared withthe landassigned to M enches (65 . 17 sqq.

, cf. 9.

Theonwas probably topogrammateus in some other district than that of Kerkeosiris,where the ofi ce wasat this timeheld by Marres (cf. introd. to41) it is,however, possiblethat Marres was replaced forashort period by Theon. Thereare severalmistakes inthetotalshere given. The (108 y?) of Suchus isaarourae less thantheareastated inl . 56.

The 24arourae ofanephodusmentioned inl. 105 were no doubt described inthemissingfourthcolumn; but the items of the cleruchic land inll. 105—6make 168arourae, not148,and the figure 10 for the 81101 001600v 9 is inconsistent withthat in l. 59 ; cf. notead [01 . In1. 108, -ggggshould be roorfi ,and 137i inl. 1o9 should be 1333.

1 16. Sox et'

w : i. e. 206x 011.

143. Inthe leftmarginagainst this lineand l. 146 isanoblique dash.1 45 . 061011at the end of the line is probably corrupt. With18 11 supplymats ».

was really onthe north-west ofKerkeosiris ; cf. 17 . 5 , note.

146. dpxo(p£vqc) 8110 x0npovx 1x69 : the surveymakes afreshstart fromthe landsbelonging to Ibion, beginning fromthe 106001 of Ptolemaeus sonof N icou,anephodusof that village.

148. Inthe right-handmarginOpposite this lineare the words «theirM 0111)but it is uncertainwhether they refer to this or to the following column.

1 5 1 . The totals 10and 35 are the sums of the items given inthisand the two

preceding lines, whichfor some reasonare treated together ; cf. ll. 64and 82 . The35artabaeare 3 inex cess of the exactamount.

15 1 . 1060-11) cf. note onI. 8.

86 . LAN D SURVEY AT Ansmoi-i .2 75 x 29

-6 1111. Late second centuryPart ofanother survey list, but ofarathermore detailed character thanthe

two preceding,and relating to land inthe immediate vicinity of Crocod ilo

polis-A rsinoe. This is shownnot only bymentions of the 116011 or the

1 60011 00 19 1179 116061111 (cf. 11. 2, 6, 24 , but byanex plicit reference inthemutilated first columnto The land withwhichthe survey

as. THE LAND SURVEY 38 1

is concerned lay to the east of the c ity, the 1160601 00 19 wherever it ismentionedbeing on the west side. The order of the survey is fromsouthto north:and the belt of land under considerationwas quite narrow, being boundedonthe east by the ’

Apya£r rbos 8180116,animportant canalwhichisalsomentionedin15 0and 184 . Theadjoiningareasareadded to the descriptions of the piecesof land, and dimensions in the style of those in8 7 are sometimes included.

A greatmany figures inaminutehandhaveat some later time beeninserted inthemargins and betweenthe l ines . Theseare printed in thick type ; theirreferenceandmeaning is oftenvery doubtful.

The list is interesting onaccount of occasionalmentions of buildings.

I t is instructive tofindat A rsinoe inthe second century B. C.aJewishsynagogue,whichhereappears as owning nearly 4 arourae of garden- land just outsidethe c ity (11. 18—22 ; cf. ll. 1 7 and We alsohear of land belonging to

QueenCleopatra(ll. 25 , 39, ofabath(ll. 4 , reservoirs (11. r5 , 43, 5o),atemple of Suchus (l. 3 afu ller’

s drying-

place ( l l . 45 , apigeon-house ( l .monuments (Pll. 15 , 36, besides the usual embankments , canals, 81C. Partsof threemoremuch- damaged columns fromanother part of the papyrusarealso preserved, butare not worthprinting. Onthe verso of these isalargeofficial document of some kind , ’

but it ishopelesslymutilated and defacedA 01177461819 xal 611101061 1171“ ismentioned

,withouthis province being stated

,

The versoof cols. i - i ii containsacolumnofanother survey list inasty le similarto 8 7 ,mentioning 1d crept T1102 116(5fa), withthe endsand beginnings of l inesofadjoining columns. We give onp. 382aroughdiagramof the land surveyed

in8 8,whichwi ll serve toelucidate themeaning of the chief technical terms used

inthis class of documents.

The landofDemetriuswasfiappii éx one‘vntothatofA polloniusand 11610116xouérmto that of Hermione

,or inotherwords the land of Apollonius was its southyelraw

and that of Hermione its north. A ftermeasuring the 110006t 7 0115010011 thesurvey passes to the little p iece of land owned by Sarapionwhichinrelationto the 1100061005 was Boppa6x 006m) 610Balvov0a01B69 for 4} schoenia(cf. 1.that is tosay it receded onits ownwest sideadistance of 4} schoeniafromthewest corner of the 11000 61016, i .e. the 1160011 0019 came 4} schoeniafurther eastthanithad done inthe case of the 11000 61905. The survey omits the portionofthe 1160011 00 19 betweenthe land of Sarapionand that of Ammoniaand proceedsnorthwards (1. 32, 11009 Boppfi dud (060011) 0170 119 1160001606019) to the land of

Ammonia, starting fromits south(dpxo(0évns) 1. A t somepointalong the land of Ammoniathe canalmadeabend to the east ; accord inglythisareais surveyed in two parts, of whichthe northernand larger portioni yfiafvet projects

”

) on its owneastalong the canal for schoenion (l.

382 1 11l PAPYRI

A fter the land of QueenCleopatrathe survey reaches another uncultivatedarea, the fu ller’

s drying-

place, whichit omits,andagainproceeds 11069 Bo(pp&)to the land of Zobia, the east boundary of whichwasaroad lead ingalong thecanal into the wvypds. The relationof the road to the land of Zobiawouldbe describedas 1100011610610; 0111301151 011 6x 006vn(cf. 84 .

-

01169) 1 0 . 9111000611109 8 11089

1019 0110110“(0601) 011(B09) 11606019 3107 001 1809)

ixwtms)3010100011100 109 11089 1a[i9 01110110I06061 6 10(11061 60011)

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384 TEB 1 11s PAPYRI

1 . The letter or lettersafter Tacorr. 4. 0170001101

?0011. . 0after 3004111011)

0011. fromB. 18 . 111 of 11101000011 0011. (P). so 11 o corr. from8 ;alsothe 7 following. 25 . 0 11000 3110110111010)above 0100180, which18 crossed through.

116(1ou) 11000619079 7 01180160111 Bo(pp0) [x 02 01(B09) 11606014019)

0111701031011)9107 061 1009

6019 1160101006019 Bo(pp0).

11009 B0000 l 0110 (060011) 0170119

00x 0(0611q9) 91001111160 9111000o 0019

10L , 6100701101? 1 017 2011911“ 10[1'

J

611 1011 2011x 100 1 x 000B1)( L,111 11 8

’

11’

épfiom)mi .L8

’

B

;7 660

-

01 69) 1102 01(B09) 11606010019 Bo(pp0) B00 10[ [001)9K060(1101009)

0111701051011)3107 061 1809) (I.

BL

Bo(pp0) 6x 0(0611119) K0601101009 0[1310080(x 6 [011) L , x 6(00011) 8L , 00x 0(1161

'

09) 6 A 108[11140111 99 11000! 06(1 0x 01). 7 64101169)

’

A00[0111[09

3111000o 0110) x 6(00011)Bo(pp0)41117001? (70100601111)0[1(B09) 116060

9107 061 1809)

11009 Bo(000) 0110 (060011) 1 017 10117000

00x 0(06111)9) ZmB1'0 'Hy1§1 909[9

87 . THE LA ND SURVEY 385

1, 0L 0 I

13111080(x 6 [011) L 1) 00x 0(1161'

09) 8, x 6(000v) [B0'

B’

7 64101169) 116(10v) 1111170011 7 110106001)Bo(pp0) 1311108o(x 6t'

011) 8 [01(B09)A 109 1100486 1009)0111101051 011)0869.111000179 116000150109

[I

33. 00001110 corr. from0110000 1110. 38 . corr.

1- 0. 6 11001 1019 cf. 1. 3. The secondais writtenabove the 11as thoughthere were two words ; but inll. 45 and 5 1 is written inthe same way. Thisjudicial cfiice isnot knownfromother sources.

6. 6008asaproper name occurs in121. 1 7 .

1 5 . whichrecurs inll. 36and 5c , suggests 011600 or 01117111201.1 7 . se. 3008010 11,as in11. 18and 29.

20. The applicationof the termlcpé to the land of the synagogue is remarkable.

It canhardly imply ofli cial recognitionof theJewishreligious establishment. Possibly theland was 1600 76 leased by the 11000611x r)

‘

louaalewand cultivated by Petesuchus ; cf. 1. 14,where Hermione isapparently bothlesseeand cultivator of 1100[o} u¢ ms): cf. P. Petrie I I . 27 . ( 1)7 .

a5 . B0 cf. ll. 39 and 4a; 6 110011 shows that the allusion is to thereigning queen. 1100perhapsmeans that this landhad beendedicated toheras goddess.

31 . This linemarks the conclusionofasectionof the survey ; cf. 8 5 . 91 , no,and 1 24.

36. The 1 1} arourae of Ammoniawas divided into two pieces, the larger containing743; arourae (l. The figures 6811

’

g’are probably the first ofadiagramsimilar to

that inl. 37and give one side of the smaller plot, of whichtheareawas 433; arourae.

38. Onthe diagrams inland surveys see 8 7 . introd.

47 . 000 SC. 011 09 ; cf. 1. 32.

53. 01000119 11600060109 (for 1111 100060101 seems to be the name of the cultivatorof the preceding piece of land. Before M 0005}: is what looks like the figures 9L onasmallpiece of papyrus whichseems to fit inhere. They were perhapsalateradditionlikemany others inthis papyrus ; cf. introd.

87 . VILLAGE SURVEY LIST .

30 x 66-

5 cm. Late second centurya. c.

The two Kerkeosiris survey lists (84 and 8 5) contain the orientationofthe different farms, together withthe area, and, in the case of 000101111)W,

the rent at whichthey were leased ; to this is oftenadded the descriptionC C

386 TEB 1 11s PAPYR I

of the crop or the reasons for whichthe land was not under cultivation,aswellas details concerning roads, canals or drains whichpassed throughorbordered upon the land under consideration. In the following papyrus theprocess by whichthe areawas obtained is also given. The lengths of thefour sidesare writtendown, separated byahorizontal line ; the twonumbersrepresenting one pair of opposite sidesare placed oneat eachend of the line,the twoothers being writtenaboveand below the line respectively. Whentwoof the opposite sidesare equal, one of the numbers is replaced byadot. Theunit of linearmeasurement is obviously the 0xowlov of 100 cubits, of whichthesquare is thearoura; divisions of theaxowtov, like those of thearoura,are denotedby fractions whose denominatorsare powers ofa, the numerator being,as usual,unity. Theareais obtained,as pointed out by Kenyon, P. Brit. M us. I I . p. 1 29,

bymultiply ing togetherhalf the sums of the pairs of Opposite sides ; butthe inaccuracy of thismethodhas not, we believe, been commented upon.

If 0, b, c,

denote the four sides of aquadrilateral figure, the area‘asobtained by thismethod isa—gfi x

If“? (06+ bc -t- cd the trueareais 1} (ab sin06+bc sinbc + cd sin + 110 sin where sin06 denotes the sine ofthe angle between the two consecutive sides 0and b. The first of theseex pressions is necessarily greater than the second, ex cept in the one casewhenall theanglesare rightangles , whichcanonlyhappenwhenthe numbersof bothpairs of opposite sidesare equal. Inthemajority of cases,however ,this is not so ; and, if the rule were rigidlyapplied, theareaobtained by itwould always be greater than the true area. In the calculations

,however,

fractions less than31; ofanarouraare neglected , whichmay to some ex tent

compensate for the defectiveness of themethod employed. It is impossiblefor us without knowing theangles betweenthe sides to estimate theamountof the error ; but inthe cases of the triangles and 89)it does not ex ceedthe areahabitually neglected . This is due partly to the smallness of thetriangles themselves, partly to the fact that one of the two is isosceles withasmall verticalangle. Theareas given inthe papyrus differ very little fromthemax imumareas of quadrilaterals withthe givensides ; but it is ex tremelyunlikely that the areas were really thesemax ima. The government wasprobably very wellaware of the fact that theareacould not be underestimatedby thismethod, whichwas accordingly not only convenient for facility of

computation, but profitable when the tax es were assessed. If we suppose

that when the farms were originally assigned amore scientific systemofmeasurement was adopted, and that themethod under consideration wasused intheannual surveys of the land under cultivation, we canex plainwhy

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TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

Col. 11.

clmé‘rov) c

’

x 601wos) Bo(ppc'

i)rape Toy wpoyeycmoterpnpe'vov)(ém'dpovpov) KMfipov)o'xm(vfov)aq '

xMfipos) (émépovpos) X dpfimos')HaOfifits Tee¢pafov £ 4 6"

dwqouérov) ex oozévqs) clpxogzevns) v6('

rov) dub rov upoyeyeqperpqpevov)0310410100)

7 00 0147 06) L8,

8,

L , ( L 7,3 I

(1mp631) 8 x 6(p'

rw1)at;Bo(ppii) elaflatfirmv) éwqoué‘

rov)flaps rhy wpoyeywoterpqpémv)c xoqvfov) q 1 q

' XB'

(18,

q'

x fi'

Bo(ppé“

)éx 6gmros) fi]a( vaw)A1(Bbs)1mm! n‘

wnpoyeyeqperpnpémv) 0}

034047 007 39)

Bo(ppé) éxootfvns) eloBM vofianr) A436!) rape! rhv "mow e‘

rmfimfldtépVCya) .

[spas yfir 2015x 011 Zo‘

x kfimédns) 6 5041499 5éM Atérov) dvb 846pvyos)flapd dyemoté'rpn'ra)

[fix fi’

] M 0

fl1“11141605m1 )wacam)mm1 5 xw

Ends of 2 lines.

25 . 0 of f er corr. fromr). 35. ( g'corr. fromv[ .

37 . THE LAND SURVEY 339

Col. i ii.

46 A1(fibs) ép em) ( 105 11411011) flapd rbv wpoyeysqperpqpe'

vor)mm»)dpxflpevos)éwqouérw)KMiipos) (ém'épovpos)X ognjmos)HaOfifiwTeeppafw

7 6 A0(11r3v)I I I

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wpofiflmv), peXavOeKm) wMefm)Bow?) éx oouém) i s ? [f ]?6 x éotms)bxoxvlov)0’

390 7 5 3 7 11s PAPYRI

65 Bo(ppé) éx éouwos) e[.mafia” ) lambs) wapd Thy upoyeyeqpeq pe'

vqr)0x 01(vfov) édpqywbs)a.

8.

q wrov)above the line. 48. Before anerasure. 49.

xo(p¢m)” ( i-ou)above the line. 8L.above the line. 5 2.mcorr. fromu p .

of parow )over 3 of X3 . 59. B’ of X3 over erasure of l. 62. «( rumma

nmu)above e line.

Col. iv.

iv roi'

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s) r e(81’

o1s) 7 611 11117 6 11

flogopii)exomevqr)dpx ogéms)dab 7 00wpoyeyemmerpqpévov)édpdmofi) ’

1s"

éfKas)ma)a'y'A1(flos) éouévns) f4e HroOtepat'ov) tea) at p c’(rox o1) Bo(a'd uxfir) L

at.Q

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éas) 1141)«ms.

0

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392 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

‘

Hpa‘roscipxoouémys) V6(rov)aL8

'

1'

q" aL BL8

'

1)A fi'

,

Bo(ppé) éx dpévqs)aipx ogévqs) 14 letters x 6(prm1).

fidad tx fis) 8L , y dv(d) aL dv(d) 9 1.

aL1'q'XB'L 1) a8' a8'Xfi'

.

A1(Bbs') e

’

xoorémn) elafia1(vo1i cms) v6(rov) wapd 7 511 wpoyeyeqperpnpe'

q )

gr. c1aBa1(vovo'ns)M kw rou) writtenabove apxo(11¢ms) rumour whichis crossed

through. 93. (unpac)overanerasure. 99.ms corr. from(mp. 109. L of BL

inserted later. The first 7 corrected from0.

Col. vi. Beginnings of lines.

1 . Inthemarginabove this line is Lq'k’fi'and immediately below Ln'

1'

13"

1—2 . This entry concerns the land inthe x exwpwpe'

vq updaoaoc (cf. App. i. anotherportionof whichis described inll. 7—8 ; the twoareasareadded together inl. 9. It

is almost certain that the word abbreviated am? hereand in l. 7 is the sameas theparticiple writtenout inl. 9, but the reading there is somewhat doubtfuland themeaningstillmore so. The and year ’

is that of Soter I I . Withf f): 8» 1rpo(068m) cf. ri s 6 1

111100680 1 r6v 7 50 11111 f or? Bacnhe’ms in the Petrie papyrus quoted on 5 70 . With3at theend of l. 1 is to be understoodapoupav, inapposition to r ip: se. 76s). The sumofthe twoareas inl. 9 is asarourae . E itheras;has beenomitted throughanerror inl. 1 or else the theoreticalamount of the land wasaarourae,and theareaobtained byactualmeasurement was, as generallyhappens, inex cess ; cf. ll. 64and 72.

,a: c , which‘

sometimes degenerates intoamere dot, indicates that themeasurementwas the sameas that on the Opposite side, and is probablyanabbreviationof spam.

Cf. P. Brit. M us. 267and Wilcken, A rchiv, I . p. 1 5 2

3. Jun this remark “

whichrecurs 1n1. 5 was probablyalater insertioninbothplaces,andmeans that some officialhad writtento the effect that the land wasnot Cf. 81. I 7.

0x o1(r1'

ov) cf.‘

note on84 . r 10. Inthis present papyrus theamount is generallystated, but inl. 66 is omittedas in84 .

29. the descriptionof the 6811117 11c inquestionprobably occurred inll. 9- 24.

87 . THE LAND SURVEY 393

34. The superfluous o is probably due ‘

to the scribe’

shaving beguntowrite 6M “ )inthe wrong place.

38. cir qpc'

rpqm): this resolutionof thisabbreviationwhichrecurs in11. 74, 84, &c.

is not very satisfactory, for the survey seems to be comprehensive, and it is curious

that land whichwas notmeasured should not bemore definitely indicated. But

it is difficult to seehow dyco(pc'

rpqm) is to beavoided, for dysnpma) is quite unsuitable(cf. e.g. l. and there is no instance of asimply without astroke over it beingused for npdrcpow. For examples Of éymm'rpqracf. the 11s and part of the ” spines

-1smil es»: in 86 . 32and 47.

43.m( Nam): cf. 81. 31 note. B.abovempa( may represent theamountof the oil-producing land, but the ink is very faint,and perhaps the two lettersabovethe linehave beenintentionally obliterated. mpo( whichis writtenovropl , suggests only«mopas, but this is not satisfactory. Perhaps the angular signheremerely denotesabbreviationand does not representa, inwhichcase the word is probably

6 x . this piece of land was triangular inshape ; cf. 1. 89and introd.

If the figures in this lineand the nex t, where theyare repeated,arecorrect, 9

’must beamistake for either inthe preceding fractionq’XB’ or theareagiveninl. 59.

64—5 . These two lines do notmake senseas they stand. Line 64mentions noareabut only the relationof something to (a)the landmentioned inll. 62-

4, (6)the xapa,fromwhichit was 11, schoeniondistant. E ither the subject of the entry inl. 64has beenomitted or, if 1. 64 is connected withl. 65 , Bappac’d mros)is there superfluous.

66. 8 : the 4thmplxopa(cf. 84 . 67and theareawhichit contained nothavingbeenfilled in. The following columnbegins the survey of the sthmpc'x upa.

67. rap 11157 611 : the reference isapparently tosomething inthe descriptionof the first of the twompcxa’opqrahere surveyed. The sthmpc'xopawas in the samemoreas the 4th,andhad the same boundaries, i. e. canals or roads.

74. is dependent on dw u‘u-

pwa) receding to the northalong theunsurveyed parts ofaseven-arouraholding for 15

3, schoenion.

’

76. cf. 11. 97 , 99and 104. Inthe last case the crop is xdpros, buthereandinl. 97 it is wheat, whichis not very suitable ina‘

pasture.

’

But it is difi cult to see whatother word than1100106)could bemeant.

89. cf. note onI. 61.100. A 601mm): SC. iepoi). Plums suggests Hmvlc¢1ciovs (Cf. 68 . but r ipml

‘npam, whic has beeninserted later,must refer tothis name,and if rijs is rightawoman’

s

name is required, while nmmpciir canhardly be anything butmasculine. For theOccurrence of womenas ympyoi cf. 86 . 14.

‘Hparos does nothelp todecide the question

of sex , for thatname canbe eithermasculine or feminine.

108 . The name of the crocodile-

god Phembroé‘

ris is new ; cf. note on7 2. 118.

109. this is one of several passages (cf. 98 . 5 5 sqq., 94. 33) inwhich

land ofagod— i. c.,as would be thought, lepafi —appears nevertheless to be M 10).

The solutionseems to be that the land was really fimnhunjand that it was calledafter thegod because the cultivators were priests ; cf. 98 . introd.

94 TE B TUNIS PAPYR I

8 8 . LIST OF SHR IN ES AT KERKEOSIRIS.

27 -19. 31 x 40-5 cm. s c. 1 15

—4.

This document, drawnup by M enches withmore thanhis usual carelessnessof ex pression, is alist of temples at Kerkeosiris, withtheir priesthoods andproperty . The village could boast of no less than thirteen shrines, but noneof themwas in the first rank

,the two 7rp1

'

1

'

11'aiepci of Suchusand Soknebtunis ,

whichowned land at Kerkeosiris (cf. p. being situated elsewhere. F iveof the shrines, one dedicated to the crocodile-

god Petesuchus (here calledaEovx 1ei'ov ml x poxobtAoracpei

‘

ov), one to Orsenouphis the good watcheraccording to Spiegelberg, Demotz'sclze S tudz'm, i . p . and three to Thoth(cf. note on1. since they owned landhavealready beenmentioned in theland- survey lists (os where they are called éAdmrovaor bah-spaiepd. Theremaining eight shrines,whichowned no land and were probably of the thirdrank, include twodedicated toThoéris, two to Isis, one toHarpsenesis Horus

sonof Isis one to Anubis, one toBubastis,and one toAmmon. The formulaemployed in the entries consists of ( 1) the name of the shrine, (a)alist ofpersons introduced by 6115

,followed in the first three cases by aremark that

they possessed ( x parei‘

v)afifthpart of the shrine, (3) the number of the‘ days of service ’

whichare thirty inevery case, (4)anaccount of the sourcesof income whether land or other property ,

ifany , owned by the shrine, endingwithastatement that .ithad no other revenue. Owing to the brevity of

the details themeaning of several points is in doubt,espec ially when the

informationderived fromthis papyrushas to be combined withthe statementsreferring to the lepal 7rp600601 in5 and 6 . The thirty fmépmAarovpyutaf, whichrecall theharovpylmof 5 . 66

,appear to be supplied by the persons regularlymentioned with616. Inthose cases whereashrine owned land

,acomparison

withthe survey lists shows that these personsare identical withthe yewpyolthroughwhom(616 isalso used there)the land was cultivated . Here,however,the force of 6115must be somewhat different, for several of the shrineshad no land to be cultivated,and no word like yempyovpévmcanbe suppliedwithit. Probably , therefore, 6115 followed byaproper name is to be connectedmore or less closely with13111v Aetrovpymfiv, and indicates the person or

persons responsible for the ).arovpytat. The nature of the ‘services ’

is farfromclear,and depends on the view takenof the apocpnreiatmentioned in

theheading. I f the four points in theheading correspond—as they oughtto do— to the quadruple divisionof the individual entries,asmentionedabove,

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396 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

9 (a)ynp1rjav 81axaréx €1v f or): érrayeypappévavs[[fipepé

'

w Ae1ravpy1xa‘51r A1] 818 Ka[1 15]7 1asTat? Kartfwas xal ’

Owa'1¢p1as rail Nex‘

rem'fiflas x ]ai‘

Appaxapav f or?‘

Appaxapav xai f or?

1111017 11 7 09 Haverflefk flpepa'iv Ae1ravpy1x [6 1r] A,7 8 83 c

'

pépas x parei’V for):

dAAarrp60¢opov 41170211 fx ew.

cal 79VdAAav 9 (a)ynp11jw 81aKemfatas “

rat? ’fl[p]ov [[ xa1 Apjuéa'tas 7 061][[Heraa'lpwr Ital raw d8eA(¢aw)fipepl] Ital ri p/1160109 Tail 1167 600109)

25 flpepéiv Ae1ravpy1x 81v A,

5. This line inserted later. 7 . 11111 ofmmoveranerasure. 8. c of 111 corr.

overanerasure. r3. l. dank . 14. c of 111 corr. fram'

u. 1 7. 11111111111 toA

inround brackets.

Col. ii.

7 8 82 e'

x parci'vrrapa” QT”? 1

rrp60¢0’

pav)awafir] pnGEV fx ew.

’

Ia‘ 11jav 818 111 .mafiras Ital

dAAav 8111 4511171118: rav Here/101060109)xa1 raw 881M¢6 10 Ae1(ravpy1x 03v)A,1rp6a¢opov fx ew.

’

Opaevov¢1tjov 81a'Opa'eV06¢1as Kai7 6 11a8eA(¢6v)fipepa‘ior) Aet(rovpy1x 8w)A,max“ ati-( dis) 611 («payfiéA(aaa‘61faov) lepé‘w c

’

v (dpavpa)a,1rp60¢opav pqoév fx ew.

‘

Apajrewxmefara81aKai -157 109 Tat)Kai 34061416019 for? Hereaoqxav)xal X oAéiras 7 09 Hereaa15(xav)811606 11)Ae1(ravpy1x 6v) A, 1rp[6a}¢opav pr)(031v)

as. THE LAND SUR VEY"

397

3411003115411 818

7 06

épe(p8w)A61(Tavpy1x6r) [A. 1rp6a¢a(pov) pnwév) ix ew.

Bavfiaar eqav 81a1rp60¢a(por) pndév [fix em

3411110 111601: 818

f or? 51,164v Ital 7 65V ddsA(¢6 1r)fipcoaéM Ae1(rovpy1x 6v)A, 11170211 ¥x [e1v.

so.ammo:above pappqovr, whichis erased.

Col. 11i .

lfiqaratp/av xai ‘

E ppat'av 81’ ’

E py€ms xai7 6V pe(r6xwv) 811606111)Ae1(rovpy1x 61r) éwépxa£11 lepg

’

i 7 171 €A(aaaavaw) éV (a'povpa1) 8,1rp60¢a(pav) dAAa[1170311 fx e[11r.]

dAAav ‘

E ppat'av 81aX sfipws Ital 7 6311fipe(p6v)Ae1(rovpy1x 6v)A, swipxa£11 [e[pfi ] yij éA(aaa6Vaw)c’

v thraA6(ya11) (a'pavpa1) e, 1rp6(a¢0pau) 51170311 fxa11.dAAav 81aHve¢epfiras Kai 7 611

flpqpé‘

w)A61(Tavpy1x 6v)A, inrépxac’

v lepa‘ yfi e’

A(aaa6vaov) lepéivéV inraA6(ya11) (dpovpa1) e,1rp6a¢apav [1170211 3x e1V.

54, 58, 6 1 . l. {mapxavau3. (mi)raw the insertionofmi is we think necessary. The statement

of the property of the shrine is regularly placed last (cf. 11. 37, 54, 58,and 61 , whereoccurs)and is distinct fromthe llpd, 1r 63111

,and rjjuipmAarovpycml ; it is,moreover, impossible to connect 7 8111 farapxavraavmpl 14711 116v withfipcpé

'

w At

whichimmediately precedes,and thoughinrapx dvraavalonemight possiblyapply toall threeof the preceding genitives inthe general sense of ex isting,

’

theadditionofmp! f r)’ x épqv

indicates that itmeans property.

’

4-

5 . Cf. introd.and 68 . 25 .

7- 13. The fifthpart is inthe possessionof theaforesaid, whohave bought it fromthe State by theappended contract dated intheard yearPhaophi 18. The crocodile-shrine

398 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

receives fromthe Crowncultivators of the village for sacrificesand the lighting of lampsand cedar-oil 5 artabae of wheat.’ Marres andhis brothershad themselves boughtashare of the shrine, but inanother case (I. 27)asimilar privilege appears tohavebeen inherited. For examples of the purchase of shrines fromthe State cf. the woodentabletsmentioned innote on5 . 73—6. inl. 9 (cf. 16 . so)refers toadocumentwhichis notactually quoted, the date being suffic ient for purposes of identification; cf.

68 . 1 23. It is notmade clear to whomthe 5 artabae contributed (annually ?) by theBamAtxol y wpyol were paid, but probably the contribution benefited Marres andhisbrothersand wasakind of xapmtaattached to the rrpatprrrct'aof this shrine ; cf. 5 . 65 ,note. Perhaps the payments 111ml Zovx u iov onthe versoof 13 (cf. 13. introd.)are tobeconnected withthe contribution recordedhere, but theamount of wheat is there 7gartabae,and thoughthe payersare nodoubtall yewpyot’andmost Of themBamAtxai W t

,

some pay for (arrapovpu oii), se. xArjpov (cf. 97 .

16. Omxan'

x ew robs {mo-ytypappc'vovs : this remark is very dimcult. If 81axar£x ¢1v impliesaright of possessionwhether inherited or bought, it seems to contradict l. 2 1 , whereit is stated that the persons inquestionowned only 4} of the shrine. Onthe otherhandit ishard to give 811111117 6711»ameaning whichwould formasuitable contrast withkpar c'iv.Weare inclined tothink that 8111 of 11111 1 14 1111 isamistake. M enches beganto writeKat rina: as inl. 5 and thenchanged the construction, revertinghowever tohis normalformulawithbut in1. 1 7 . Whathe intended to leaveashis final constructionwasprobably 81d Karuflas.

27 . rapdmpér : the ownership over afifthOf the shrinehad in this case beeninherited ; cf. note on11. 7—13.

28. aw s] t the reading is very doubtful, but two cannot be readand the subjectof fx ew seems to be the personsmentioned rather than the shrine ; cf. 1. 37 . Theinsertionand omissionof N o in this phrase, whichoccursat the end of eachentry,follows no consistent principle ; but in themajority of cases where land or revenueswereattached to the shrine 57010 is wri tten, inmost of those where no property wasowned, it is omitted.

53. Hermes being identified withThoth, the burying-

place of the sacred ibiseswould naturally be calledaHermeum. In62. 19 one of these ibis- shrines is calledIsle» rpo¢6 (cf. 5 . 7c) the formIfiiaw (genitive 131111109)occurs in64 . (a)10.

VI I . TAX ATION .

89. ACCOUN T OF PAYM EN TS IN KIND.

3r-ax 6ro3 cm. 1 13.

Anaccount drawn up by M enches of the receipts for the year derivedfromthe rents of Crownland , repayments of loans of seed corn(661mm),andcertaintax es, the Tp1xolv1xov, Onaavpatvax tx dv, and spas -

u s Onfiafaw, the tax

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TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

Qapp0601 8178a3019 1 p1o'

(00ii) (111/p06) XfiL , x p1(81'

j9) ¢7 L8’

,

xai 8178 1a3019 x ”111 (rrvpofl)w8L , x p1(01'

j9) V‘

y,

Kai 11111 11a8019 A p1o-(80i3) (rrvpoii) weL ,

7 017 11170189) tau (rrvpoii)c fiL , x p1(01'

j9) 911 1

Hax rbv 8178a3019 1 (rrvpaii)afiL ,

xai 811-b tra3019 A rp,

7 017 pq(vb9) (M poti)ZwfiL.

10. 81011011 81above the line. 1 2—3. 1. ml dw typatpopc'mc or oi ru l

Col. 11.

Ha0[v1 a3019 1] (vapor?) VOL)!x [ai 1a3019] x p10‘

(80i3) (mipat?)ZA): 1'fi'

11111 [xa A pro (rrvpofi)7 09 1111058] 11400908] (w pofi) ” 11,

[’

E rrei¢ 3019 p10(006)41111100

M a31019 1 ¢ax (ai3)q L8'

.

7 017 82 Aepe]7 pq(pévav) (1717 1017) ’

Pa>a4 7'x p1(01

'

j9) 95q 8' at (vapor?) 7A8c, ¢ax 06 1p,

£ 19 (rrvpafi) ’

Ax A¢,

xai xa[1‘1]v 6[v 0]i(7 09)7 601) 8

'

e’

y81cpx qpév[0w

3019 Mcoop? ” [A] 619 (vapor?) 1'

fi'

1’

A1(axéiv) (dprafim)011 0 001110111:m11110111) 11,x pda'r ems 9 173481111) (rrvpofi) 8fi

'

,

8a1ref0w 7 017 (187 06 (rrvpaii) px M 08) p.

¢app0601 xa3019 A (W pafi) x .

Hax rbva3019 1 (1714100) 11,xa8019 A x 8.

5' overanerasure of 1's .

89. TA X A TION 401

Col. i i i .

Ha1‘311[1] a3019 1 8a1161'0111 (rrvpaii) p11,A,mam-1111) 9 173450111) (rrvpob

'

) 8fi'

, (rrvpofi) p118fi'

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8a11g([0111) (palm? p (rrvpai?) px .

(rrvpofi) qa'y'

x p1(8ij9) 118, [[ai

x pci(o Gnfiaflaw) (rrvpofi) 800140 11) (rrvpofi) px 4100109) p,£ 19 (mlpaii) 7 AL .

ital 8111 7 8 (17111011) (aprafirj s)Hax ciw a3019 1 (3mapo6p0111) 7 L , (elxaa'tapatipaw)

1a3019 x (elx omaparfpaw)tra3019 A (311'7ap015p0111)anfi'

, (7 p1ax 0117 0p015p0111)fifi'

,

(elxaataporfpmv)Aa-y' 301660111) 1B yp(appa7 ur09) Ly' ,e yp(appa7 1x 017)a, q , lep8w ( L,

lep89 Zax 113fi7 6113019 £0.11ai3111 a3019 1 (3map06p0111) 11a, 395660111) 15 ,

M Aamn‘

BV) e yp(a;1pa7 1xaii)a, q , 1’ep0711

1 fiLy’

,

dab 1a3019 x (imapafipwv) VflL ,

8178 11a3019 A (elx omapaapaw) (émaporipmv) tra,yp(appa7 1xai3) [133

,-

1] (rpmx owapatp V) {B’

45 . The part tobe omitted enclosed inround brackets.Col. iv.

'

E rrei¢ a3019 1 (émapafipmv) 3956030111) 118 a, ya: “9

'

s

lep07111

Meaap1)1 a3019 1 (émapafipaw) yL , iepé'

w ay' 1’B' ,x epae¢l(1mav) 8Aa(19) 81roA6(yav) yp(ap;1a7 1x 00) B.

395680011) q (p015x 0111 ?) 1117 yp(appa7 1x 00) y , 7 (37 009)a, VB,

¢U(Aax 17 0311) 1 yp(a11pa7 1x 06) B,D d

402 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

(7 p1ax 0117ap06p0111) X 001 1j11109)BL8’

, (elxaa1ap015p0111) {B95 (imaporfpov)P1701

",

lep89 Xax veB7 15vea19 [[fel] flepé

‘

w kaq' 8Aa(19)tiaraA6(yav)yp(a;17107 11108)x epae(¢fmrov)B.

r/ £ 19 (rrvpafi) 41A8L8'fl1501"efva1 T81U 37 81011177711311011

1

L30 9 M ea'opi nA (rrvpafi)

xai 619 7 8 wept B epe111k1'

81'

179 1150009)Haik ua3019 1 e yp(a;1pa7 1x 00)a,’

E 1rei¢ a3019 1 e yp(ap;1a7 1x ofi)a, 111 114101) 13 , Ira, 1a3019 11 3101110069) 13 ,

Mmap?)a3019 1 yp(appa7 1x oi))8Aa(19)81 0A6(yav)a, 7 (37 009)a, B.

(8140009) (4117 11819) 1. Mafiflamofi) 8, 110800189) 11, 7 8 (7 611)A8. 73111185

"

69. tw x'rypcw vPap. 7 1 . l. 111111111111. 76.

’

Evp81;"enclosed inround brackets.

4.W W : collected,’

of revenue- receipts ; cf. 1. 31and 87 . 5 7 , 7 3 . 46 1 .

6. r z O3§arouraeagrees withthe figure for the 4thyear in72. 223, but the total oftheartabae, is 24} less thanthat in 7 2. Thearourae of the reclamation inthe4thyear (7 2. 222 ,note)are thus included inthe figures inl. 6, but not theartabae. Perhapsthese weremeant inl. 7 , inwhichcase 74} isamistake fora} , or the rent of these toarouraehad beenraised.

9- x c . The figures of l. 9are those of the 7111101181 85moms (cf. p. 56o); those

in1. 1o refer towhat was to be collected (for £7 81‘

7 06 cf. 68 . and correspondwiththe amounts stated tohave beenactually paid in11. 117 - 8. The number of theartabae ofwheat should be 38mg,as inl. 117 ,not 3794§ the 74} of l. 7have beenomitted.

r 1. 067 61 : se. Kerkeosiris.

la. 017 0Ao-yoi‘

101 7 8mpl 1187 611 : cf. 1. 7 ! and 111. 2—3 0170Aayai301 7 8 “ pl 9 907011180

lp'

yaaf r'jpwr , 15 9 . 4 7 019 0 17 0A07060 1 7 8mpi 18 6 , P. Petrie I I . 48 . I 5 ,andP. Amb. II . 59. a, where read 6 mpl 0010116007111) and 6o. r- s

,

where read 01rv (-yov)and112ml dnq pa¢6p¢m1 the ex pression recurs in 15 9. 4

—5 in the fuller form

a1rv -

yoi'

10 1 oi cal drrq pa¢6p¢m1 81’ '0pov sopdpxav [cal] MappclawmpamtpéAmr (l. -m).

Itmay be ex plained in twoways,accordingas 81 7 1mis takenasmiddle or passive.

I fmiddle, themeaning is that M enches’

statement was checked by the sitologi towhomthe paymentshad beenmade. This would be intelligible enoughin itselfand suits

the present tense and the absolute use of dw rypatpdpemhere. But it does not wellaccount for the interventionof Hornsand Marres in 15 9, to say nothing of the fact

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404 TEB TUN I S PAPYR ]

fromwhichitappears that eachof the three paid 1artabafor 1104107115 uponeacharoura,making 3cartabaemall.

75 7 07 0111)0 : cf.note on1. 6c .

90. ACCOUN T OF PAYM EN TS IN K IN D.

2 2 x 24-7an. Early first century 11. c.

Thisand the nex t papyrus (91)areaccounts of payments inkind enteredunder the days of themonth— probably fragments fromofficial day-books .

Of the present document parts of four successive columns remain, but the first

and lastare only represented by the ends and beginnings of afew linesrespectively ; therearealso detached p ieces containing parts of other columns,one of whichrelates to wine. Theheading 0 510311064101 0px e¢6(8011) 1511 Aciyos

£1116aoccurs, this being the firstmentionof an0px £¢0809 inaPtolemaicpapyrus. The payments of cornhereareasarule of two kinds, of whichoneis not particularized ,and the second is described as aA( Theseamountsfor aA( are almost always artaba,and are added on to the

, primarypayment ; but inthree casesat least theamount is artaba(e.g. l. 3) andinsome instances the payment for nA( )is omitted , while inothers it standsby itself. Possibly the abbreviation is to be interpreted 8A(orjrov)meaningsmall ex trachargesmadeat the (cf. 48 . 1 7, note).

Onthe verso, inadifferenthand ,are parts of several columns ofanother listof personsand payments inkind,mentioning 1011501011 B001Aiamj s (7 0pm?)1.

Col. 11.

'

E p;u’a9 .]x o9 aLy' , aA( q

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, B.

8“

087 89 [0i11]7 i 1cp1(81)9) 8 1rvp69.

7179 r);13pa.

9 aLy .

EaAfuiw Kax xv( ) Ly , aA(

90. TA X A TI ON

9 07 389‘

ApB1ix 109 BL'

y'

, aA( q'

, y.

Ha81'jB19 Haa'037 09 yy’

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, 7 L .

X 6p17 o9 811120011750011)aB'M607 69 M eAawfmrov B,xal 8173p ye0p

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.

HraAqsai'09 ‘HpaxArj(a11)aA( y'

.

7 69 8pépa9 1fy'

.

Heroaip19 2 113111780 9) L 1'B' , aA( q"

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.

2ap89 ‘Hpax Arj(a11)aq' , aA( ay' .Mapam3 301109 BL, aA( q

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.

7 fi9 871311” 8L1'

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.

4 13111109 2'

07 7 (plxav)By' , aA( q", BL.

14110110a09 H0A3010 1109) Ly'

, aA( q'

, a.

7 179 811311019 87'

x0. Ko17 1£ B epe(1111r[809)aB'.14170AA0

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,

7 89 811510118 7 4'

A.

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ArroAA0’

1mo9 11111017 009) BL, aA( s", BB

A 1axA1'i9 H7 0A(q1alo11) a'y' , aA( s",

p 100'

19 130 1x7 89) L ‘

y'

, aA( q", a.

8 ar57 8[9 L1'

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He7 eaai3x 09 ’

Qxav’17 09 M 0 001») y'

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7 139 1711610019 1,

E rrei¢ a. ’

A rroAA¢611109 TaAf(7 179) aA( q’

, a[L.Hereaai'ixa9 Tee¢pe( aL , aA( s

", e[B

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.

'flpo9 SdaWfiow 0 1701011)Hp0( y.

8 a157 89 8117 2 1111101011 a.1100318011109 Aa‘yev7 89 ay' , nA( q

",

405

406 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

K0M 0150179 aA( [L .

7 139 fi11€(pa9)01,-f .Kpom’dqs K67 v09 Ly , aA( a.3 34317 11119 xa1 01 x 711)(p0v)Hp0( yg

' aA( c,"

6 av7 09 26 317 11119 khagoov)K611111(1109) Ly aA(. [s a.10 3 .

2 . This line refers tothe preceding entry.

13. Qakax (poi3) or oakax (p1'mvos) ismore likelyas apatronymic thanM adpofi)asadescriptive epithet.

20. 411, should be 1&

2 2 . athird name is similarlyaddedm23. This number, added at the bottomof the column perhaps byanother band ,

is the total of the amounts for the different days recorded in the column. The itemsinCol. iiiare similarlyadded upat the bottom(1.

the abbreviated name seems to be that of the village Berenic1scf. ll. 1 1and 35 , where Ibionand Tali occur inasimilar position. Berenicis (G eopodx ipov)is oftenmentioned 1nthese papyriand was close toKerkeosiris note).

28. 33 should be 23.

35 . nivbapos TaMms occurs inone of the fragmentary columns.

cf. ll. 43—4. xxfipou is writtenoutat the beginning ofaline 1n

one of the fragments of the papyrus cf. 230.

40. ne rvous)1nthemarginalnote ismade probable by the occurrence of that name inone of the unpublished columns. If 0“ is right, the 1} inthe lacunais unusual butnecessary for theaddition.

45 M is the total of the sums entered for the days in the foregoing column;cf. 1. 23

91. A CCOUNT OF PAYM EN TS IN KIND.

305 x 18-

9 1111. Late second century s . c .

A column containing alist of payments of wheat , arranged as in thepreceding papyrus under the days of themonthon whichthey weremade.

A ll the entries inthis columnrefer to two days, the lothand 20thofamonthwhichis not named but ‘

no doubt belonged to the period ofharvest. Thepersons to whomthe amountsareaccred ited can inmany cases be identifiedas cultivators of Crown land,and probablymost if notall of thembelongedto this class. The payments therefore, whichvary considerably in siz e, arein themain to be regarded as rents of yi}. They include,however,

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TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

3. aafter 11 corr. fromB. 1 1—2 . These lines ‘

over twoerased lines.

end of the lineafteraanerasure. 1 5 . Betweenthisand l. 16anerased line.

above c L whichis crossed through. 2 1 . corr. from81(a. (u pca) 81( themeaning of the abbreviation 81( whichoccurs fr uently

inthis papyrusand isalso found in98 . 1 5 , 2 2 , 94 . 1 1 , 16 ( inthe form129 83( bothpreceded by andabsolutely),and 15 9 ,

is obscure. Somuchishowever clear,that 81( qualifies (npofi) in some wayand probably refers to themeasure used, sinceit stands inthe same posi tionas ine. g. l. 5 ,and the twoex pressionsare usedalternatively but never combined.

4. npa( cf. 11. 7 , 1 7 , 19 , 98 . 10, 24, 59, where theamount is,ashere, 1} artaba.Theanalogy of ypapparu dv suggests that wpdxropoc or wpaxropeiou or some similar formmayhemeant, and that these payments also represent the perquisites of anofficial.Perhaps theyare connected withthe 17pak7 (6p)3111 1281,mentioned in7 2. 463.

5 . notat cf. 94 . 28, where the names of some of the 115mareadded.

(Jéagflowlxm): thismeasure constantly recurs in this papyrusand in 98—4, where

the wor isalways wri tten in theabbreviated form, x withgabove. In105 . 40—1and

109 . 20- 1 the pe'

f pov éeax oimov is describedas the 611611111measure of the atKerkeosiris ; cf. 111. 7 pe

’

rpm x (01111'

xm) Kepx eooip ws. On the differentmeasuresinuse cf. note on61. (0)386.

r 1 . 0 : cf. 92. 1 1 . The 11111137v is there COIJpled withcharges for111101511011:and xoamwmév

, and in 98 and 94 smallamountsare subtracted {or 11116611011,

just like theartabafor ex trameasurement ’here.

the letterawithastroke over it recurs in11. 13, 18,so,and 22 .

_

In 18

and so it is clear fromthe similar strokes over Band 7 that ais anumber, and its

occurrence inl. 13might be ex plained in the same way, the subsequent figures beingomittedand only the total of theartabae being given. Buthereand inl. 2 2 013061)ismore suitable,and is confirmed by 18 5 , where 1115169 is writtenout.

1 2. 01( cf. l. 15and 18 5 . Perhaps 060111101) deposit ’

; cf. 120. 1 25and 128 . 1 2.

1 5 . 19015, is the correct total of the items given, reckoning the number inl. 13as 2 1and omitting either theamounts for 1tpn( (ll. 3and whichperhaps shouldhave

beenadded up separately,as inl. 26, but were overlooked, or the shimmy.18 . It is clear fromtheaddition inl. 25 that thefiguresat the end of this lineand

ll.ao—r represent theamounts paid : 3341} 96 60+ 60+ (ll. 16 , 18,ao—r,the items for npa( beingadded up separately and the 1} artabafor M W )notincluded. Probably therefore the preceding figures refer toarouraeanda, B, y to76111 ; cf.62. introd.and 94. 1

, note.

19. A figuremay be lostat the end of the line, but there isaboutacentimetreof blank papyrusafter

20. Throughthe diagonal stroke before k isavertical one reaching down to the6 inthe

.line below. I t is perhaps onlyarepeti tionof the signfor total.

2 1 . The numbershere seemvery confused. The XL is rathermore like cL, but no

other letter thanaor k canbe read.

2 11. Themarginal whichgives the total up to this point, is Qshort.24. 11: 6 03( cf. 98 . 64—5 , 94. 25

—7 , &c. SvB in themargin is the result of theaddition of 2110and the 17 of 1. z3. Themeaning of themarginal numbers below2116 is not clear. 17BL is the difference between SvBand the total in l. 25 , but thismay beaccidental.

92. TA X A TION 409

92. R EGULATION S FOR THE TRAN SPORT or CORN .

verso. Height 30-8 7 111. Late second century 11. c.This short regulation concerning the collectionand dispositionof corn

revenuesat Kerkeosiris is Writtenonthe versoof two columns fromthe earlierportionof 72 containing the list of xAnpot

‘

ixot (cf. introd. to I t directs thatsuchrevenues should beaccumulated in the local State-

granary ,and thencetransported by land ,and that for cleaning the cornanadditional charge of 3 percent.

,and for ex trameasure acharge of 2 per cent. , should be levied. Theinterest of this ordinance, whichmayhave been issued by the dioecetes,andwasapparently designed to ensure security of transport, centresmainly on thenew informationsupplied concerning boththe geographicaland political positionof Ptolemais E uergetis, whichishere describedas themetropolis of thehome.

Foradiscussionof this remarkable passage the reader is referred to the notes.To the right of the column inadifferenthandare six lines ofaland surveyinthe style of 8 7 . Anothermutilated copy of this regulationis preserved in161,and the first few words of itare cop ied out in25 . 22—

3. In161 the partcorresponding to ll. 1—12here stands at the top ofacolumn, above whichasecondhandhas written (31009)B,and whichproceedsas follows 18 92. 12) [3147 3170311 11117 157 37 111 [81

'

15170£vyf0011 (space for 16 letters)

p a]1rA30170M 7ov 7 611 013n 25 letters

319 14A3£é118p31a11 3£a[. 27 letters

[fKBy p (i prafiéiv) (05117c 1) 30 letters

[7 ]1'

i9 83

There isalsoanarrow strip of papyrus whichmay be fromthe lowerpart of the same column,mentioning Berenicis Geo-110111611011 and Tali. Thisshows that the regulationin92 was only one ofanumber onthe same subject,and probably it is itself incomplete, the sequel in 161 directing that the cornshould be sent by land to some place inthe Heracleopolite nomeand thenceshipped toA lexandria.

K3px 300'fp3m9

7 179 119) ¢p011povl1€11119 [ 1178'

0170119 3172 7 00

1137 101011 1707 111109 pnd’i 1r

’

dhhov 17A007 00

410 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

d17 3x [0150 179 8’

319] H7 0Jt311a1'8aE 153py37 011

5 7n11 [11)7 p6170h111 7 017 0'

7 é81apf83 M 0?p[1]y [7 fi11] 015113117 119 ¢poupar1

povpov }116111711 pue 8 8’

if a157fi90111111767131109

“

027 09 1701116137 111 319 7011A I

7 17 1130117; Batrdttx bv 0n0avp611, 171100713p

116110111 xadépa'319 tw i 7 8 11001 1

113117 1v 7 6311 p (dp7aB1ii11) y 3114113170011 B3’

17 1'

1137 p09 B } 13112 xa7 tiye7a181

’

11170fvyt’aw.

8. l. 17117167 37 111. 9. Bac d uwvabove the line. to. First 0 cl 1100111117 319 3011. fromAt Kerkeosiris, whichis unguardedand isnot situated uponthe great river nor other

navigable stream,and is distant 160 stades fromPtolemais of E uergetes themetmpolisof the nomeand 1 59 stades fromM oeris, where there isaguarded point close by, thecorncollected is conveyed to the royalgranary inthe village,anex trapaymentof 3artabaeonevery 100 beingmade for cleansingand siftingand one of zartabae onevery 100 for

ex trameasure ; the cornis thence transported by beasts of burden.’1 . Kepnoatpw s : this is omitted in161, whichhas inthe uppermarginof the column

inadifferenthand fromthat of the tex t (have)B.

2 . n‘

ic 111) cppovpoupe’

vqs : i . e.at whichnomilitary guard was posted,as distinct fromthe regular yevqparocpéxaxn. M ilitary posts inthe Fayumare rarelymet with. A ¢p06pgovat Socnopaei N esus ismentioned inP. Amb. 3 1 . 2 7.

3’

1ri 7 013M 011 1707 11111117 : cf. P. Petrie I I . 39. fig)9. The N ile is probablymeant ratherthanthe local ‘

great river,’ the Bahr Yusuf. $1 1 r 17

1"

4. 6111710611119 8’

129 is preserved in161. f

4—7. This ,

unequivocal statement that Ptolemais Euergetis, oras it ishere calledPtolemais of Euergetes (cf. 166 , p. was themetropolis of the Arsinoite nome, iscertainly surprising, but there seems to be no sufficient ground for questioning its truth.Hithertono suspicionhad ex isted that the Fayumhad everhadany other capini thanCrocodilopolis or Arsinoe, whichwas undoubtedly themetropolis in the Romanperi od,whenon the otherhand Ptolemais Euergetis is describedasa1113111; (B. G . U. 5 2 7 .

But thereare other indications whichso faras they gosupport the statement inthe tex t.The relationof Ptolemais Euergetis to Kerkeosiri s in the present volume is that ofafinanc ial capital, for we find M enches going thereontwooccasions for the presentationofaccountsand other business ; see 26 . 12, 88 . z

,and cf. 14. 14. Incontracts Ptolemais

Euergetis ishabitually referred to withoutanymentionof its 11ep1's (e. g. 106 . 7 , B. G . U.

193. as if it was so well knownas toneed no further descripu'

orr than that it wasB. G . U. 196. 4,according towhichas readand emended Ptolemais Euergetis was inthe divisionof

Heraclides ,is toomuchmutilated tobe convincing.

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2 TBE TUNIS PAPYR I

The charge fell upon the tax -

payers,as is clearly shown by 93and 94 ,inwhichthe

actualamounts received inmany cases undergoadeduction (5 per cent. onwheat,75—8 per cent. onbarley) for 116(0ap1m) inorder to obtain the net payments credited.

A charge for 8171'113 (7 p011)occurs in91. 1 1 , where 1 artabais subtracted fromapaymentof 5 3artabae by themeasure 61( I t seems tohave been in some way connected

withthe use by the localauthorities ofmeasures differing fromthe ofii cial standard(cf. 5 . 85 , note). The charges for cleansingand Ju iperpow, whicharehere said to be

1rp00'

1137 p015p31'a, are probably included in the wpoopcrpoépemwhicharemet within thesitologus

- receipts of theRomanperiod, c . g. P. Fay. Towns 8 1 . 1 1 .

93. R EGISTER or RENTS AND TAXES.

1 28 + 14-7. 30

-

4 x 68-5 cm. Abouta. c. 1 1 2.

This papyrusand the nex tare specimens of documents ofwhichfragmentsare scattered over several of the crocodile-mummies (cf. 162 They givelists of cultivators of Crown land with( I) the ex tent of their plotsand therents due fromthem, followed asarule by (a)amounts payable onaccountofanumber of tax es,and (3)astatement ofamounts actually paid, whichhave beenfilled inat different times. The details of the tax esare sometimesomitted, the sums due for thembeing perhaps inthese cases simply includedin the rent ;and sometimes there is no record ofany paymentshaving beenmade. A difii culty arises withregard to the land credited to two divinities,Petesuchus (98 . 55 sqq.)and M estasutmls (94 . whichpays rent like therest and yet appears at first sight to be iepol rii. Thismight be ex plainedon thehypothesis that the government collected the rent of lepd yii fromthe yewpyotand afterwardsmade it over to the temples ; inthe survey lists,e.g. 8 4 . 74, the rent of lrpd yii is oftenput down, just like that of Crownland.But inP. Amb. I I . 35 priestsare found themselves collecting the rents upon

and this was the systemcontemplated by adecree of E uergetes I I(6 . and inthe case of the land of M estasutmis there is other evidence toshow that it was not really Iepd but BamAmi (cf.note on8 7 . sothat probablythree out of the four p ieces of land attributed to Petesuchusalso belongedto the Crown. One of the p ieceshowever (93. 62- 5 , cf. note on1. 5 5)bothonaccount of itsareaand of the names of the yaopyof seems tobe identicalwiththe yfiof Petesuchus in68 . 26

,and unless there were Spec ial circumstances,

ofwhichweare ignorant, toaccount for the occurrence of 11111 y?) inthis list,

93. TA X A TI ON 413

it is diffi cult to ex plain it onany other view thanthat the rentand tax es uponiepd yfiwere collected inthe samemanneras those uponBaa-0111115.

The personal names are arranged onanalphabetical system, but thereare occasional irregularities, e. g. the obtrusion of Harmiusis in94 . 28

,and

the appearance of the god Petesuchus at the end of 93 , whereas the god

M estasutmis in94 . 32 is inhis proper position. That these documents refer

toKerkeosiris is evident not only fromthe recurrence ofanumber of familiarnames

,but fromthe fact that in94 , where the positionof the different pieces

of land is sometimesadded. the same weptxoiparaoccuras in84 .

The different tax esmentioned, whichfollow aregular order, are the7 37 pa1ra1311t00'

7 15, 03( (cf. 1. 2, note), 7 p1x 0l11111011, Onoavp0¢vha1t1x 6v, x pdo7 19 OqBaftov(onthese three see 6 1. (6)317—9, note), o 1( ypamtaflx dv (cf. 97 .

yeamerpfa(cf. 5 . 59, note),and o-récpavos (cf. 61. (b)254, note); and certainpayments for 1tpd ( (cf. 91. 4, note)are sometimes entered in themargin. Of

these the only ones peculiar to these listsare 03( and A0x 1( the ex planationofwhichis uncertain. The iota— if it bean iota— of Aox 1( isalways writtenasadiagonal dashabove the X 1 in the same way as iotain theabbreviationsof udx 1(1109), 81C. The name is presumably derived fromAdxos,and the taxmay be regardedas inoriginat leastamilitary one. Theamountpaid for it isalways the same

,artaba. The payments for yewperpfaand 03 (

arealso constant, namely artaba. The r erpaxatetxooni or tax ofatwentyfourth, whichisherealways written in the abbreviated formx

’

b’

,hasalready

occurred in 36 . 9. The payments vary inamount, but are not strictly inproportionto theareacultivated or the rent. Themost serious itemsare theore

‘tpavos whichis generallyabout artabaonthearouraand the ypapuanx dv,

whichis oftenhalf theamount of the 17 7 34101109. Theartabaused incalculatingthe rptxotvtxov, and probably .

the other tax es also,contained 36 choenices ;

e . g. on55arourae (l. 13)the rp1xofv1x ov is 153 choenices or $5 ofanartabaof36 choenices,afractionwhichvirtually corresponds to the 1

5

, artabaactuallyfound inl. 13. Intheir reports to the central governmenthowever the officialsusedanartabaof 40 choenices,asystemwhichlent itself to frauds ; cf. 61. (0)317

—9, note.

The papyrus isapparently in thehand of M enches like 94and 98 , whichwere writtenabout B . C. 1 12 (cf. note on94 . 34and 98 . and is of

approx imately the same date. In several cases double diagonal dashes, themeaning ofwhichis doubtful,have beeninserted inthe leftmarginimmediatelybelow the names of the persons ; they occur opposite ll. 7 , 14 ,and 16 incol. i,and 11. 56and 63 incol. iv ; cf. 94 , 98 , &C. Hereand there onthe verso of thepapyrusare figures referring toaccounts similar to those onthe recto.

TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

Col. i.

Qafi0t9 ‘

H37 00 1'

p109 Kai .]L (dpniBat)83( L

, L t'

B'

, 1371407 30 9)A0x 1( q

'

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'

. 1147 1101701) Qappot’ifit89 110016179) 133,

-

L , l xa(0&p03019) B, A0(117a2) 1:8L at (17 111106)18B

'

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5 89 Qafi0t9 (1rupot’i) ty , (1rupot’

i) x fB’

.

Qafi019 17 37 3150109 G'

Ln'

(oip7 tiBa1) ABL8'

, K[ai] 8170 7 ii9 (17p67 3p011)t

Appax 6pov BL (dpniBat) ( L, 017'

(a’p7 1fBa1) 1183 L, 93(Ly

Ly'

x pd(07 3019) y A0x 1( c, yp(a11pa7 1x 0v)B8’

,

8Ly'

1'

B Ital yea1(1137 pfa9) L,

M 1100) 8L , 3 , I ,13(7 p31) Qappoiidt13(p10fi9) tf, 1314061103009)a8', A0(117ai) 13L8

' at (1rupat7) 07 '1'B'

Hax (a‘o1v)B (17 1111017) 8178 16L

11484003019) aA0(117a2) 111L 19 (17vp017) k yL ,

(1rupat7)E11 81“q'

, A (17 141017) 8,

[13,-

q! A0(117ai)

Qafl0]319 HafiflB109 317'

(dprdBou) x L , 83( L,L,

x p1i(07 30>9) ).ax t( q , yp(a,u11a7 1x ov)a, y1"B 11t B

'

y301(1137 p1'a9) L, 07 336411011)BL, 7 1

Hax (a‘1w) 1, (17 141011) 83( KOL , 1146157003019)[aL ,]

A0(117a1) x 1).Qaii019 ‘

Apr1o37 ov 68’

(oi

p7 ciBa1) pyL , [L , L, L8'

,

x pci(0'

7 3019) y'

, 017(0avp0¢vkax 1x ofi) y'Aox 1( q

'

, yp(a,111a7 11r0i3)B8' , 8Ly pny’

, xai y3o1(1137 pfa9) L,M vov) 8L ,

3, vyy'

. 1 1147 1132)Qappoiidt 11, xa(0&p03w9)BL, A0(117ai)

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TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

Col. i ii .

'flp09 17 37 637 09 q (a’p7 éBou) BLy'

, 8B'

,

03( L, 1311407 3019) L, 0q(0avp0¢vAax 1x 06)L, A0x 1( q'

, 18,

SKI- {BBKai 7 300137 111019) L, 0741411011) 1, 1L , Spat'B'

.

aHax (a‘o11) 18 (1711p06) 17fL , x (17vp06)

OB

”B1 p£0L ,

A (rrvpoii) AaL t'B'

.

A0(1roi) oaL t'

B'

, 1 A

(1 11109)WU B'

’flp09 H37 3113¢1efov9 18'

(cip‘

rtiBou) 114,-1, L, 03( L, Ly

'

,

y'

, 190407 3019) y'

, A0x 1( q'

, BL,3g",

11111 7 3010137 11109) L, 07 3M 11011) 3 ,

.1 , 11 12 1 womenHaxev) 1 (man?) (eox towt w) 1 . 111111117 111017) B, 11B.

'.flp09 M 1x t

'a11109 138'

(oi

p7 éBa1)Hax dw 10 (17 1171017) 11B8

'

, A ¢a(x 017)aB' ,50 111117111 1B (17 1171017) My 3L , x 70 311 03(

13601119 (1rvp01’

1) qq'

, 319 0L .

’.flp09 N 3017 7 0Aép011 317

'

(cipr ciBat) 13L , K'

8’

03( L ,

x pci(07 3019)A0x 1( q

"

, yp(a1111¢ 7 1x 017)a8', y1'

B'

, 117L 1'

B'

, xai 7 3010137 pfa9)L ,

101'

B'

. 11e(7 p3f)11ax dw 1311 (1rupat7) 1111x 6101) 130 (171111017) 7 , 10.

40. 1711x (110v)corr. from 50. 11111101)changed to 111111111. 5 1. 319 corr. from

Col. iv.

5 5 H37 30at7xa9 810 Mappefov[903( L , 11111 7 3010137 11109) L, a, 1y

'

93. TA TION 417

H37 3001’

1x 09 81' ’

O111103¢p109 [(dp7 ciBa1) 118L8'

,

017(0avp0¢11Aa1r113017) 13118107 3019) A0x 1( q’

, yp(a;111017 113017)aL8',81'

B'

, ay'

,

L . xa(A1r017)1r (8pax 11 1aL , xa7aA3f(170v7 01)t y'

. 11147 1131)Qapp0601 130[J] 113(7 p31

'

) (17vp06) 1B¢,6 ! A0(1t ul) 3B

'.

113 7 3006x 09 81’ '

Ap¢afi0109 3 17'

(aipr ciBat) 13L , L, [03( L,L,

x pd(07 3019) A0x 1( q'

, yp(appa7 1x 017)a8' , y1'

B'

, L,81

'

B'

, 10L1'

B'

.

13 (17 11p01‘

3) 89 H37 30at’1xa9 Hax 15(pp109) (17vp06) ka(0apor7) 3 , 1m89 Mapp[ii9x y 89 H37 00 i

'

p19 1411311116019 (17 1mm?) 3 , 3[i9] (17 1111017)

H37 3008x 09 818 H37 001’

p109 s‘

Ln'

(8mdBw)ABB'

, [K'

8'

011(0avp01va1tur017) 1311407 3109) A0x 1( q'

, yp(appa7 1x 00) aL ,

yL ,Aqq

'

, Kai 7 3010137 7118 9) L, [Ag-Lei

f

, L8'

,

xa(A1r017)13 (8pax 11 3 , xa7aA31’(170117 011)Hax [3011

(17vp01’

1) 8170 AyLa.

A0(1t ul)1L7 1’B’

5 8. Bafter xpa(07 3m9)corr. fromg . A0 ofo 1( overanerasure of 7p (P).a. 01 ( perhaps or cf. 1. 56, where 81( and 81051) stand inclose

prox imity. he fact that the god Petesuchus is there theapparent owner of the landcreates no difficulty, for the land was really BaotAtn); cf. 1. 5 5 , note. 319 63( occurs onthe of 18as theheading ofatax ing- list, but 810511)is not very suitable there. For

other payments to the temples cf. 319 11 2011x 1310? (18 . introd.)and 2omBn’

1m(115 .

4. For themarginalnote cf. 11. 1 2 , 19, 50, 69, 94 . 25 , 3 1 . By’

should beay’

.

89 i . e. paid by Onn0phris, equivalent to010cf. 7 2. 400, 92. 9

- 1 1 , note. A deduction for 11661111019 is frequentlymade in these lists. Onthe otherhand the cornis sometimes describedas 11110111169 (cf.11. 36, the sameabbreviationbeing used for bothterms.

7. The 7 p1x 01'

1'11ro11 should be not 5 ,and probably the 0noa11p0¢11Aa11111611 shouldalsobe 1, for the itemsas they standare I} inex cess of the total inl. 8.

10—1 . The original entry for Pachon2 was 194}artabae less 1 for cleansing ; onlyhalf theamount was,however,assigned to thisaccount, whichwas indicated by inserting

11116above 18and 68above 11;L .

1 2 . Ao(11m1)1; in themarginrefers to 11184! in the previous line ; A0(11711l)yLy’t’B' (it

should be 0)wasaddedafter the payment of 4artabae onthe 30th.1 5 . 01 ( cf. 91. a, note. The amount due for 1rpo( whichis inserted in

themargin,has not beenfilled in; usually it is 1}artaba.E C

418 TBE TUNIS PAPYR I

r6. theamount is omitted. In172 payments for or tin dpovaresometimes found after the f ptxofmxov. Probably these are abbreviations of

cimrdpou Bcfipeypc'vqs ; cf. 61. (a) 1 76.

20. A0(mat) 6L refers to M Ly’inl. 19,and was put inbefore the payment inPachon

wasmade ; cf. 11. 1 2and 42- 3, notes.23. The 2artabae for ypappaflx dv

,whichhave beenadded later inthemarginas in

l. 46,are not included inthe totals inthis line, but cf. 1. 24.

38-

40. Themarginal note refers to thempcx épa-rainwhichthe land of Horus wassituated, 3 x arourae being in the flepfx wpaof Themistes (cf. 62. 5 in the 4th(cf. 62. and 20 inthat of Kerkeouris (cf. 94. 1

, note). 5 6 out of the 5 75arouraeowned by Horusare thusaccounted for. The figures 280appear to refer toartabae,but theyare curiously at variance wi ththose of either the rent by itself or the totalof the rentand tax es,as stated inthemainentry concerning Horus.

42—3. The numbershereare prior to thealterationof the figures inl. 39and the

supplementary payment inl. 40.

5 1 . The remainder 235 was obtained by subtracting the paymentmade onPachon19,

i . e. from651i .» the totalamount due. The other entries weremadeafterwards ;the final total should be oaL t

’fl'.5 5 sqq. The land of Petesuchusat Kerkeosiris up to the 2nd year consisted of

only 53arourae ; cf. 68 . 25 6 . Buthere the totalof the three entries inll. 5 7, 62 ,and 67makes 183arourae, besides the figure lost inl. 5 5 . Theareasmentioned inthe first,second, and fourthof these entries are probably to be regarded on the analogy ofthe land of M estasutmis (94 . 34, note)and Phembroéris (8 7 .mg, note)notas kph76atall butas Baad uu) y?) leased to persons in the service of the god, who insome waybenefited thereby thoughhe was not the recipient of the rent. But the third entry(ll. 62—5) does seemto refer to the 53arourae of lepd 76 owned by Petesuchus. Thenumber of thearourae ( 55)was nearly identical,and the names of the ycopyot' whoarementioned elsewhere in connex ionwiththe lcpcl 76 of Petesuchus, nm‘

iptc’

Apcm'

¢ e

(84 . nef w ofix os nax éppm(8 4. 1 1 2)and Mappfic (68 . 2 5)are the sameas those inl. 65 . I f thenthis was the land whichreally belonged to the god, itmust be supposed thatthe rent was collected by the governmentand subsequently paid to the temple ; cf. introd.

59. xaofi)x (and xn cf. 1. 69and 6 8 . 6o, 94 . 22 , notes.63. c

’fl'must be read instead of either yt’fl' or Bc'fi'.68 . The object of the gartabawhichmust be suppliedat the end of the line inorder

tomake up the total inl. 69 is not clear. The tax that regularly follows the younger-pieis the tm'dmoc ; but the amount is smallas compared withthe other payments foro~r£¢amin this papyrusand 94 , thoughcf. ll. 37- 9, where the ar£¢am~ onafarmof5 7} arourae is only to} artabae. According to 5 . 59 kph76was ex empted fromavatar-ac,but this land wasawaken} ; cf. note on1. 5 5 . It is noticeable thatnopayment for «iv-( dimeoccurs in11. 62-

5 .

70. The documentapparently came toanendhere.

94 . R EGISTER or R E NTS AND TAX ES.

2 7 -36. 303 x 72 cm. About 8 . c. r 12 .

Part ofanalphabetical list of cultivators of Crown land similar to 98 ;

cf. the introduction to that papyrus. The present list ismore detailed with

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420 TEB TUN IS PA PYRI

Kari 'rrts' Kurur tos xai Xapfims idx pt[0'

]fov K8 (dprciBau) x'

8' aq' ,

06( L ,B, 0q(aavpo¢vhax tx ofi) x pflw ewg) o i ( q

"

,

yp(appar tx ofi) q , ty'

, w e¢d(rou) tB, 7 8

t’

t’

fi'

a

yedperpt'as) L,

pe(rpoiio'

t) Qappofiflc t x (pt01'

is) x c, I xa(0ép¢rews) B, A0(t1ra2) try at(rt

-

upon?) tyL8’

, x 8 x (pt069) x y'

y' a? (rt-upon?) t8,

1:11pm? x'

nL , et’

s'

(1rvpofi) we'd“, Hax (8w) 6 els

VB, I BB'

, A0(t1ral) p0-y'

, et'

s peL t'

B'

,

M ar c i)’E 1rei¢ a(1rvpor‘J)aL ,

4, ¢w(x ofi) taL , ty , mi

'

B'

, w e¢d(vov)

(r vpofi) tB, Tb (m’iv) pAL t'B'

.

Mcipaw Heroa'fptos' K9t(pt 6 8 (dp‘

rciBat) x . flMefm) taB'.Ration) ty (1rvpoi3) i t.

4- 7. Inthe leftmarginopposite these lines three or four short lineshave beenerased.

9. Between and p isaround bracket. r r. The figures x LB’haveahorizontal stroke

over them. 1 5 . Bafter corr. froma. 7 7,

of xyy’

corr. fromL.

Col. iii.

Mappr'is Heroafptos 1BL (dp‘

rciBau) x'

8' L , a,

paL8'. I pe(rpei)

[reci'

p {PappoiiOt K8 (1rvpofi) cirrbm) KG,

’

E 1rei¢ x

¢a(kafi) e, A.

M ean-Wm: Hcred-

06x 01; A (épréBat)P: I (Bpax p )Z'

(cipréBat)t.I Hax (dw) Kc; (flvpov) VB; Hat'Km)ta

e, x (fi vpov) ty, at;xawofi) (89mm)

x (8paxp t , 1rq'

,

’

E 1rei¢ u'

B'

, t 89 Mappfis)Haahofiiras eB

'

xalas Teas)mdflmfi s‘) c L8

'

M ON ?)N OW)25 xai x (pt069) t at (r vpoz‘i) e,as Geayéwxs') (flvpofi)y , els' (W pofi)

t8 (v ofi) 89 Hereaoi os')Zpawpefovs) 8 Rd

94. TA X A TION 42 1

89 Hevx e'a'rqs (frupa6) 6 tal las Karol/4663) 61r(ép) Am( (1rvpo6)

B, ta, t0 89 p uXa'ts) Qa‘rprflovs‘) (1rvpo6)BL ,89 Hams BL, e, i t

p t6ats' S et/66mmItal Qafiats Kai Hve¢ep6 9 Kai ‘

Aprrgiv nut 01

A17L (dprciBat) £17L8'. Hax (8w)0 te,

Rf (1rvpo6) as [Ski/0669 t'yB'

,

Ha6(m) y 89 G uitar (1mpo6) 619 8c( tyL , I B'

, A0(t1rai)tBLy

'

, els (1rvpo6) pL , Ha6(m) x (1mpo6) x ,

M ON ’)3135 els' (r vpo6) £L .

M( wad -67m? "flpov am? of A ci t/(8) 8’

(dpf éBat)( L. I Ha6(m) q (1rvpo6) 8L '

y'

,

pe(rpo6¢rt)’

E 1re2¢ B (1rvpo6) q .

M ecrracr61'

pts 0609 pe’

ydOtov) 8t’ ”flpov Kai Qayfis Kai ot' p€(roxot) t 848)

8’

(aip‘

rciBat)BL , x'

8' L,

ay' , ay' , yLy'

. I pdrpo6m)Ha6(m)u, (1rvpo6)B8

'

, to(1rvpo6) aq' ,

2 r. The figures n;haveastrokeabove them. 34. 1. pc'

ya(s) 4507577 0:ml rs:

1 . Koc(p¢ 8and K¢ (px co6ptr)A483”)are the names of the creptx éparainwhichthepieces of land were situated. For Kat(p¢ whichrecurs in l. 18

,and ‘

the fourth'ru pt

'

xamacf. 62. introd. and 84 . 203 ; Kepx eoiipts 81 1701627 06) is found in 15 1, where thename is unabbreviated

,and againalong withK0t(p¢ in96 . 26. Inone of the fragmentary columns fromthe earlier part of this pyrus (cf. introd.)the land of Harmiusis

sonof Petesuchus is_

describedas BB, 7 B, Dentin

rrlrr'

0pov 7 06 Hcf eo'o6x [o]v e[al] HdotmBLB

’

, gLB’

, where B, 7,and Daw( similarly refer toweptxa'maracf. 62. introd.

2 . 1rp0( Cf. note on82. 44.

4. The total should be 1 5 8 not 1 5 7115 . pe(rp¢ i)was writtenat the end of the

lineapparently inanticipationo the future payments, but repeated when the paymentscame tobe entered ; cf. ll. zo- rand 98 . 98

—9.

5 . cf. 92. 9- 1 1

, 98 . 4, notes.

7 . Task}; 0 M .A. this looks likeanaccidental repetitionof the entry inl. 6. I f sothefollowing total is too large.

8 . The payment form'

e'

dmvos is reckoned separately,as inl. 1 7.9. [[p is the totalof the paymentsas faras themiddle of l. 6, where it is repeated.

It was set downhere before the subsequent payments inEpeiphweremade, whichsuperseded it,as is indicated byaround bracket to the left of the figures. A0(m'ai)(corrected fromqg

'

)at the end of the line is difiicult, as it presupposesatotal of140artabae, whichcannot be obtained byany combinationof the numbers given.

1 1 . els cf. 91. 2 , note. Beforea’

, «in-6 is to be supplied, the numberhavingahorizontal strokeabove itas w;has inl. 2 1 , wherea’msis written.

42 2 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

16. Ap(ura‘

t)ay’

t’fl’ isan ex traordinary statement ; the right remainderat this point

i s 13?8 .aA(eiw) 1113 refers to the previous line. A similar payment in ex cess occurs

inthe case of M estasutmis sonof Petesuchus ; cf. note on1. 2 7.20—1 . For the repetitionof pe(-rp¢t)cf. 1. 4, note.

2 2 . Of the 100artabae dueas rent fromM estasutmis towere payable incopper ;cf. 11. 23

—4, where the payment of these 10artabae is recorded. As stated inthe note on

68 . 60, this is the only passage in these papyri inwhichafigure is inserted betweenthe number ofartabaeand the formulaxaoa)11 (Bpax p and it is noticeable that thisfigure divided by 20 gives theactualnumber of theartabae, whichsuggests that 20 c0pper

drachmae was the price of 1artaba. But this seems impossible (cf. p. whether the20 drachmaeare onasilver or onacopper standard. In I. 23 the signfora,cq is

added immediatelyafter xa(Atto6), whichis parallel to the phrase xaoii (Opaxpai)a.a‘

i(rog)in160 ; cf. 6 8 . 60,

note.

25 . at (w poa) 1 : the ratio of value between the barley and wheat ishere 2 : 1

(cf. whereas the ordinary ratio is 5 :3 ; cf. e. g. l. 5 . Probably 1 isamistake for g , forthe total ”

1615, is 1 inex cess if e is correct. The reference inA0(mai)Mme) 11

,inserted

inthemarginjustabove this line, is not clear. For’

Apa(0pciovs)cf. 91. 9.

26. Aw( probably Am(p£awoc)or some other personalname. 6801169)is unlikely,since this does notappear inthe list ofamounts due.

2 7 . The paymentsadd up to 1463 ,avery large ex cess ontheamount required.

32 . A M estasutmis sonof Horus was one of the inrdpovpot ,uix tpot at this period(cf. 62. 205)and is probably identical withthis M estasutmis. The name of anothercleruchof the same class occurs inone of the earlier columns of this papyrus, Harmiusissonof Petesuchus (cf. 62. whileanclx oc uipovpos tmm’as, Chomenis sonof Acrisius

(cf. 62. is found in l. 1 2. For the cultivationof Became y?) by cleruchs cf.

98 . introd.

34. There canbe no doubt that this land of M estasutmis is identical withthatmentioned in72. 24—34 whichwas leased to these cultivators in the 4thyearatarent

of artabaon the arourafor 10 years, and for later years at ahigher rate. Thefact that the rent ishere artabashows that the papyrus belongs to the first decadeof the lease,and probably it was writtenabout the 5 thyear, forat the end of the thirdcolumnappended toanentry concerning Onn0phris sonof Horus isanote beginning.5 (81

-ow) In Spite of thementionof M estasutmisas ifhe were the ownerof these 10arourae the real proprietor was the Crown,and there is noessential differencebetween this entryand the others, whichall concernBamAua) 765; cf. 93 . introd. Thisland is probably identical withthe BamAua’, of M estasutmisat Kerkeosiri smentioned in106 . 9

- 1 0 (cf. 105 . 13, note inthe reignof Ptolemy Alexander.

35 . The first 07'shoul be Ly’ ; the rest of thearithmetic will thenbe right.

95 . LIST OF R EN TS AND TAX ES.

27 -37 . 1 7-4 x 1 1 cm. Late second centurya. c.

A short column similar in its contents to the two preceding lists , butinteresting for thementionof several tax es whichdo not occur there. The

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424 TBE TUN I S PAPYR I

the end of the Ptolemaic period is proved by other papyri inthis volume (cf. 108 .

but if 0 610101 11106)is correctand ishere to be connectedatall withAaoypaqSt'ait ismorelikely to correspond to the ¢6poc owpciraw whichAppian (Syn 50) usesas atermforpoll

- tax . Inany caseatax onslaves is not likely tohemeant ; theabsolute use of 06minthe sense of ‘

slave ’

is condemned by Pollux , 3. 78,and Phryn. 354. I t is noteworthythataA(pam)is the word used for persons inathird century B. c. duo-warp»)(P. Alex . 6

A rc/zi t), I . p.

It is not clear whether the total finally intended was or 355 ; if 155 is rightfor the inl. 7and i for 1rpa( inl. 8 the correct total is 351175 .

96 . LIST OF ARREARS.

305 x 24 cm. B. c. 95-

4 or 62- 1

A list of amounts in kind owing fromanumber of persons ,headed64118 0116116 1: iv ro

'

t'

s 3x 7 6 1: withthe sub- title e‘

tbobefas 1103

7117: for thefirst column. Themeaning of thisheading is not qu ite clear. I tmightatfirst sight be supposed to be that the names following were those of ephod iwhohad become catoeci (ueTaBeao

'

Tes els Tin: Karotx fav, cf. e. g. 62. but

to thisan initial objection is the number of the names, whichare continuedthroughthe nex t columnwithout apparently any freshheading, while therewere only two ephodi at Kerkeosiris ; and secondly , the character of whatremains of the list points decidedly to the conclusionthat the persons con

cemed were Crowncultivators. The land belonging to themvaries considerablyin ex tent

,and is rated at acertainamount, whichhas everyappearance of

being rent ; and to thisareadded otheramounts due for the rptxofmxovandaré¢avos~ tax es,and loans of seed corn(cf. 61. (6)3 13- 6

,note). The document

thus presents the closestanalogy to 98and 94. Onthis view of its contents in7 029 Ex 7 6 1: 2¢0betéiv inthe titlemay be takentomean‘ inthe lists supplied bythe ephodi or ratemay bemasculine, and €¢obefamayherehave alocalsignificance. I t would follow fromthis interpretationthat the office of ephodusin the villages was in part at least afinanc ial one ; that,however, is notinconsistent withthemeagre informationthat we possess concerning the ephod iat this period,andaparallel isafforded by the case of the cvax t-rat (cf. noteon5 .

The villagealluded to inl. 3 is no doubt Kerkeosiris,as is shownby thenames of the weptxai pa-ra; and itmay be concluded fromthe docket on theverso that the list was drawn up in the office of the komogrammateus, whowas at this period one Didymus. The 20thyear, inwhichthe document is

96. TAX A TION 425

dated, refers to the reignof Ptolemy A lexander or of N eos Dionysus ; thecrocodile fromwhichthis papyrus comes is one of the later group ; cf. 108 . introd.

The second column is partially preserved, but it ismuchmutilated andgives no freshinformation.

”

E 7 06 9 x , xa‘r’

du8pa7 6V

pévaw e’

v rat's éx 7 6V 3

é¢o8¢las ku'mys'

HwoAAa’wtos' 8L 8148) 8L

(dpréBat) s "

, dA(o ) T61r(06) 877'

y (dpniBat) tBB'

,

(dpovpat)q’

(dp‘

réBat)A8L -

y'

, L8'

, w efldvov)[aL ,]w ov)mfppaf or) (1mm?) 7 5

”

¢w fi0t°v) 87'

t'

fi’

(W M ) w’

M AW) 377

M épwv Manamxmr)Mallowt f (moor?)my,L t

'

B'

, 8a(vet’0v) ” (épparos) (1rvpo6) 87 '

Ww 'flQW)/ (1rvpofi) AOL

-NW),meow) 87381V (1rvpo6) x f ¢aafi(o ) t M e

'

pparos)8a(y elou)H‘

re paios H K01(pt 18L (1rvp06) (dp'rciBat) x c,

a8' areM vov) 18L , 8a(velov) 011 (1rvp06)

¢aofi(o )nL8'

,

(1rupo6)pf pad-

6006) qL8’

.

15 Hve¢epéis Kex evBc'

iCros'

)Kot(pt tat's", I B[L 8L

(dp‘

rdBat)tBy' ,a'

s"8148)8 (d éBat)A88' , (d éBat

Ly'

t'

B'

w efldvov) ta, 8a(vet’ov) 011-

(éppa‘ros) (11111106)yL8

’

(r upofl)ea'fi’

vat .

‘

Apm'iate 14700750109 Kat(pt 1 14701069) 9 ? [(1rvp06) A,Ly

'

, 8a(vet’ov) (1rvp06)5'

s", (1rupo6)A{ at

17 1131119 11112Kpovf8(qs)Kat(pt 5

Heroofpts fi t os K01(pt 1BL dv(8)a 1BL ,

a, 8a(vefov)M épparos) 1B, (1rvp06) keL .

Hers-flowfiaydflns T0606(0vs') B BL 848) 8 (ciprdBat) t , dA(o ) T611

'

(0v)B[L.8148) 8L 7

/

( B.

(dp'

rdBat) tBy'

, dA(o ) T61r(ov) 7 69 818 M ew doérp tos

426 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

(dpovpat) 4; 81421) 8L (ép'

rdBat) x 0L , Kewx eofipems) 8111701037 00)6 dv(d) (dprdBat)

itala’rrb ‘

rfis (1rp61'

ep0v) fia-ydOov L (dpra’Bat) BL, (dpovpat) tgL

(d éBat)ay' , are¢(civov) tyL , 8a(vet’ov)p haros) (1rvpo6)nL8’

tB’

, (1rvp06) (oip‘

rciBat) pBL8'

¢aofi(o ) tB'

81V ¢ax (06) e.

the verso

4 18157100 xmpoypaomare'ws).8. Kfo]t(pt Cf. 94 . I

,note.

1 1 . The 27artabae of wheatand of beansareapparently the equivalent of the39a» artabae of wheat in the preceding line, the 41artabae of seed corresponding to

the 4gartabae of beans inl. 10. But this willmake artabae of beans the equivalentof I of wheat, whichseems too lowaratio of values considering that that betweenbarleyand wheat was 5 3.

16. cBy’

the fractionis very nearly correct 3171 would be exact.

18. 6515, should be

24. B before BLmeans the secondmpfxmpa.26. Ke(px ¢06p¢ms Cf. 94 . I , note.

28. rozfi shoul be 102 -1.

97 . ACCOUN T OF PAYM ENTS IN KIND.

1 7 -1 1 . Height 30 cm. B. c. 1 18.

A list of payments in kind , followingacopy of two letters written byM enches (12)and dated inthe same yearas theyare, the 5and of E uergetes I I .A t the top is the title ‘ list of payments onaccount of leases of the said (5 zud)year, tomeet the defic iency ,

’ immed iately succeeded byafew items, of whichoneis inreturnofaloanof seed com,another for yp(amtaflx dv),and othershavingnospecified objectareno doubt ordinary rent. Inl. 10 wehaveafreshhead ing :’

E 11£ i¢ 11a, yp( notand followed by along list of smallamounts paidby various personsand placed inone or other of these two categories. Therecan be little doubt that yp( here as elsewhere stands forcf. 61. (6) 342- 5 , note. The resolution of 11110( ismore doubtful ; animpost of some kind is clearlymeant, and the only known one that su itsis the Emma-undo, whichis generally assoc iated bothin the Ptolemaic andRomanperiod withthe priests, and whichappears tohave been contributedby themembers of the order for themaintenance ofanbrto'

rdms or for the

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428 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

’

A1roAA«'mtos ’

Amuomfov e, Uptordpxov e,

’

A1roAAémos A touv(o' fov) t, A7 ,‘rfis r

'

ndpas(1rup06)AQ

'

L (corrected fromA6), 1 AeL (corrected fromA6)311141 117 6 106)B. These considerableamounts paid by the cleruchs were therefore also forypappar tx dv (the 2artabae for emu-mumrefer toadifferent set of persons); cf.the phrase yp(apttar txo6) (émapotfpwv) in11. I 7 and 23,andanentry inanotherfragment (elx oo

'

tdpovpos) yp(ap.paruto6) (1rvp06) The total for the precedingday was 46§ artabae, similarly divided into 355 for yp(amtartx 8v)and 103 for

éwtdrar tx dv). A ll the payments therefore still follow the classification of

l. 10.

The purpose of the ypamsanx dv probably varied withthe status of thepayers ; where they were BaotAtxot yeopyof the personbenefited was the ypanpantie yempyéiv (cf. P. Fay. Towns 18. (a) where they were cleruchs theypappare‘

t‘

sattached to that bodymusthave been the recipients (cf. 82. 15The payments for ypappar txdv fromM enches weremade onaccount of theCrownland cultivated byhimas aconditionofhis tenure of the post of

komogrammateus (cf. 10. I t appears that the cleruchic ypappaflx du

was not infrequently paid by the persons cultivating the xAijpot on behalfof their owners. The persons credited withypamuar txov 8111-111106110111 in 11. 1 7

and 23, for instance, do notappear on the lists of énrdpovpot,and the nameof one of them, Harpha'e’

sis sonof Petosiris,is the sameas that ofacultivator

of Crownland in84 . 55 . Similarly inthe lists onthe versoof 13 (cf. introd.)some persons pay amounts (for what tax is uncertain)bothuponBo(otAm'js)and (émapovptxoii), se. xArjpov, e. g. “mouths Mappcfovs Bo(tr tAtm'js)y', (é‘

trrapouptxoii)L. The payments of the various tax es oncleruchic land were no doubt thesubject ofanarrangement between the cleruchs and the cultivators of theirland. A tax called ypappa‘r(uto6)¢vA(dxmv)is knowninthe Romanperiod fromP. Fay . Towns 42. (a)i . 15 ,apapyrus whichalsomentions (ii. 8)the b umlepéwv. The ypappar tx dv there is probablyapayment by the ¢6Aautes for theirypappamis, notageneral tax ‘ for the scribe of the guards.

’

Col. lt.

”

Eflovs] yB, xar’

do8pa{ fly pepe]rpy(pévaw) 119 TM 106

0161106] (from) 119 rt éAciooaopa.17 1161 4 118

So[x ]pfjms Heroa't'ptos (1rvp06) B ¢a(x 06) B,KS

‘

(1rvp06) (1rvp06) M 1106)B,’

E 1rei¢ e 8a(vet'0w) (1rvp06) B, (1rvp06) 178'

¢a(x 06) B,

98 . TAX A TION 429

’

E [rrei¢ 09 Zaparrt'tovos (1rvp06) BL.

Herw o6x 0s (1rvpo6) [BL .

'

E 1rel¢ x c Kai e’

1rto

Aqmjrpdo]? 261106019 yp(a1111a1'tx 06) (1rupo6)Todoijs 2111060 9

711111111189 Heroofptos into (11v 6)a['.flpos Herea'oflx ov into-(Turmoil) (11111106)a[14061111669 Hereoofix ov e

’

1rto( rar tx o6) (1rvp06)Herex é

‘

wros' yp(a1t1tar tx o6)a, finch-armor?)a, (1161106)B.

Hp¢a6ms Herooqptos)7 5K?)8v8 (ém'apotfpmv) (dpraBé‘w)8 (1rvp06)aLy' .

'.flpos

’

0ptret'

ovs' tu tu (11111106) 11.

M ed-

1 110617119 20116019 tu tu (1rvp06)a.N ZAos Hre pat’ov into-(Turmoil) (1rvp06)a.K117 t K111150109) lep€(aw) (1rvp06) B, t’mdrarmo6)a,Heroe i

'

ptsHereve¢tefovs yp(a111ta1' tx 06)a, L, (1rvpo6)6L.

Hfipptx os Hmfyx tos yp(a1111a1'tx 06) (émapotfpwv) (1rvpo6)B.

1 . A very similar title occurs inone of the later columns of the rectoof 18 (quotedinthe introd. to that papyrus)frovs ‘

y m’

dvbpa7 06 pqu rpqpe'vov 410 106 ( I: d oploww w

106 1161-06 Irovs, where there canbe little doubt that p ic-oonas refers to BamAw) 76. C

P. Cairo 10256,areport fromasitologus dated in the 5 2nd year of Euergetes I I , ll. 13—4ml 1rp008181'

x0md c fl’

w ( 1rupo6) 6 . cf: 7 8 e'

Adao'wpaapparentlymeans that theamounts were supplementary of previous payments.

1 7 . fiKS)is obscureand seems superfluous. 6116 is tobe connected withapnea: 8.

98 . TAX ING- LIST.

13 4 146 . 31-2 x 82-5 1111. About B. c. 1 1 2.

This papyrus containsalong list of payments inkind onaccount of certaintax es levied upon the land of non- catoecic cleruchs of different classes or ofthe temples. A name is giveninone lineaccompanied byastatement of theamount due, and generally in the nex t line there is asubsequent entry

30 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

or entries of the payments. The first columnpreserved beg ins withalistof cleruchs, three of whom(11. 6, 10

,1 1)are 11111129 and the rest évrépovpot

).tcix tpot. Eachname is followed by anumber (se. ofarourae), ranging from1 to 2

,and the sign forartabae succeeded by anothernumber whichis uni

formly 5 ; timesas greatas the number ofarourae. The ex planationof thesepayments isafforded byadocument onthe versoof 68 , whichcontainsalonglist inseveral columns of BaotAucol yewpyof withastatement of theirholdings,rents,and crops, e.g. Wevfiots 0611109 bLb

’

M d)bL x yy'

, 0116009)(111111131)«unit.Inthemiddle of these payments occursalist of persons whoare for themostpart identical withthe cleruchsmentioned in 11. 1 - 25 ,and whose names aresimilarly followed by asmall number of arourae and amounts ofartabaecalculated ashere at aratio of 5 ; to 1 . There can therefore be no doubtthat the payments in 11. 1 - 25 are rents of Baa-tu x ?) yij cultivated by some of

the native E gyptiancleruchsat the rate of 5 } artabae to thearoura; cf. 84 .

45- 6, 94 . 32, notes. Inafew cases smallamounts werealso paid for 01 81211109,

onwhichsee note on61. (o)254.

The payments whichfolloware grouped under differentheadingsaccordingto the classes of the payers, whicharearranged inthe same orderas in61. (o)322

-

40, the passage concerning the i -artabatax . The first section(11. 27—40)dals withthe tax of ‘i‘ artabauponcultivated land belonging to the temples,and gives the details of the summary in61. (6)324—6 ; cf. 8 9. 48 sqq.

‘5‘artabais also the rate upon the land of the ¢vAax i rat (ll. 47—5 2)and éprjpmptiAax es(ll. 53 of whomthe former pay inaddition I artabafor ypammr tx dv (cf. 61. (6)342 and the latter 1 artabaon the aroura(making 10artabae each) forela'tpopd. The émdpovpmpdxmm(ll. 77 the list of whomis incomplete,are rated at artabaperaroura(theirholdings being reckoned as 7 arouraenot 6} cf. 89 . 48,note), the and the 11111161 ofChomenisat Iartaba(ll. 41—6and 58 The same rate for the ( 150601 is implied by 7 5 . 12. In01. (b), onthe otherhand, there is only one rate, artaba, forall these classes of cleruchs ;and cf. 64 . (a), 89 , 18 5 , 218 , 232and 245 , whichwithregard to the rateand theliability of uncultivated land to the tax agree sometimes with61. (b)sometimeswith98 . Unless these inconsistenciesare due to errors

,themost likely ex plana

tionis that this tax ,whether identical withthe dpraBtefa(cf. 5 . 59, note)or not,

was originallyauniformimpost of t} artabaupon temple and cleruchic landunder cultivation,and was subjected toaseries of changes. Betweenthe 53rdyear, when61. (1)was written,and the 2nd year, whichis the date of 64, uncultivated cleruchic land wasmade subject to the tax . That uncultivated kphyiiremained ex empt is indicated bothby 8 9 , where the land of Suchus is omitted,and stillmore strongly by 98 . 27 , thoughcf. 36 . 9, where the i -artabatax is

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432 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

p tfio'ts Eapmn'awos' B (dp‘

rdBat) zB'

find }: 20min»: at (a’prdBaz) ey' .1l6(1

'

p6t)HaiKm) cf (r vpofi) s'

L .

H450-601” Hax é'rros a(dprdBaz) e-y

'

.

Nation) (0 (1rvpoi3)’

0w 63¢p¢9 Hereppofiflros' a(éprdBaz) e-y' .

pe(rpef)Hat‘Km) t? (1rvpoi3) ey' .7 .m(6apou)corr. fromgandanother letter.

Col. 11.

Haa'éis' ’

0pa'efovs a(dprciBaz) cf .

25 Hpalrfiflts' KoM oflGov BL (dprdBat) ty.

Haxfiw)0 (W M ) xa(0apoi)) 5 1 , t w e

25 . BL corr. from9, cy corr. fromcy' .

Col. ii i.

xai a’w fa(mud -

v) (ciprcq s) 7 179 i v w 6p(m) Kai cTw

tapas 7 559 o i'eamos pk (dpraiBat) £6.e’hao'o'6mv lepéiwHereaoflx ov 0406)8rdMapper'ovs Kai 7 6V 116(1'6xaw) (dprciBac)BB'

peeps?)mom)n(moat?)BB’

. x BL.’

0po'

ev06¢tos 0400) 84 Opa'evoégbws a(dp-nq s) L.

Mm?)Harm) 7 (mm?) L .

wan(was') Std X efiptos'

Kai 7 6V ddeMM u) e (dprdBat)BL.maps?)Ham) (1rupoti) BL, x0 BL, 6 .

N ov 81’ ’

E py€ms Kai 7 6V pe(r6xaw) 8 (cip‘

réBat)B.

pdrpei)Hm’Km) B Ly'

, ¢0By'

, 851

.

N ov dtd Hvegbepéiros Kai 7 6V e BL.fi c tion) 7 (flvpofi)BL.

éA(a00'6mv) x 8’

4 (aiprdBac) is", iepéis

98 . TA X A TI ON 433

é¢680v éflat‘

refrat (dprcq )a°Hflohhmm'ov rob

“

Hrohepafov K8 (dpréBat) K8,

ymappar tx ofi)a, K8. 1 pe(‘

rpef)HatXm) Kq'

(1rvpoi3)Kai of} f or? M em’aKov

K8 (dprdBat) K8, ygappanx ofi) [a], KG

HaiKm) 19 (1rvpoi3) K6 , 1

43. yp(appmxou)tonaoveranerasure. 1.are for no.

Col. iv.

¢vhaK¢7 6v (fipw'

v) (dpréq )HKova'zAdov 7 00HfloMaovfov t (dp

'

réBaz) e, ydappar tKofi)a,Hax (ciw) A (flvpofi) q .

'

H[paKAelfdov 7 017 t (dp‘

réBac) e, ymappar zx ofi)a, q'

.

pe(rpei)Hax ciw Kf (1rvpofi) s'

.

K (cip‘

rciBat) t , ymappar tx ofi) B, 1B.

69 éflqtrei'

rat)’'HpaK)\efdov f or? Sethavfmvos t (dp

'

rdBat) e, z,

Inrohepafov] 7 00 Zapam’mvos' t (épraiBat) e, z

Ady[ov 7 06 A ]108a'>pov t (dprciBaz) e, eia¢0p(69) l,

us], ela¢o(p69) A, ye.

Kai dtd X opfimos (rpzaKovraporfpmv)Kai (elKoa'tapofipwt’) 69 (440M Bn)‘

[HMva'flns] ¢ [a]efiros e (dprciBat)peeps?)Ham)n(w as) to

[IKI] fiaydrov row (1rp6i'

epov)Hereflmos' KL .

pe(rpe?) Ha0(m) ta(fi vpofi) KL .

Avafpax os X omimos(1rvpoi3

X op iims' Hp fov KL . 116(1'

pei)

434 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

Col. v.

ZafivrvPos A touvafov 7 8V (1rp61'

epov) Ke¢aAfi ros7 09 Hereoofix ov

HaiXm) ta(1rvp06) KL.

70’

0paefovs' 08 7 8 A0(mbv) 7 06 KAfiQoov) 1rep2

pe(rpei)Ha0(m) B t8'

, t0 t8'

, KL .

fipépms e8'

(dp‘

rciBat) ey'

.

[4607060Havz) 17 (1rvp00)BB'

, ¢0BB'

ey'

‘

Appu‘

ims' fia‘rpefovsHafi(m) B 10 KL .

(rpzax ovrapozfpcov) Kai (elxomapozfpmv) s ' 8'

.

(émapoépmv) é'w 7 8 (b'

pwv)Hopey€B0t9 147 67s pew/m")

Hax (8w) A (flvpov) yL , Hafxm) if c L8'

,

80 l os'

pe(rpei) 17 017014) 17 (1rupau) yL , ¢0aL8 , £ 8 .

l os' Goropfat'ov 68 .

pe(rpei)HaiKm) B yL , 10aL8' , 68'

‘

Apx fislns Heroa'fptos'p ri

-me?)HaiKm) r) yL .

Hereoofix os T66 7 0? e8'

. pe(-rpei)

Hax (8w) A (1rvp09) yL , Ham) t0 c L8'

,

Kavéis HeroafpwsHam) ty (7rvp00) 7 L ,

10 c L8'

,

90‘

Apaiirp ts' Heroa't'pzos' e8'

Mm?)Huff“) f (W pofi) 7 33 v VA

70. r emKAq(pov)overanerasure. 73. y'

corr. from5"

Col. vi

pe(rpe?) 110004) t0 (1rvp0f5)Hptln

'

i0ts' K0AA060ov

Ha6(m) 10aL8’

.

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436 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

about this period inWilcken, I I . no. 1 5 29, whichhashitherto been unintelligible.The payer therehasaGreek nameand was very likelyacleruch.

98-

9. For the repetitionof pe(rpe‘

i)cf. 94 . 4, note.

99. R EPORT ON TAX AT ION .

Height 28 3 cm. About B. c. 148.

The document onthe verso of this papyrushasalready beengivenand the order of the three fragments composing ithas been ex plained onp . 339. The recto containsanofficial report dealing withtaxation bothinkindandmoney. Of Fragment (a)onlyafew lines fromthe bottomof threecolumns are complete, thoughthere aremany small pieces fromthe upper

portions. The third column concludesmi 7 89 8¢ 6 1A0pévas 11p09 7 8 Ka01§1101rra3111567010 117mi 10(37 0119)7 08 Anumpfov 7 06 111701 7 06 KA(1§pov)[8]110And101v7 09 8

’

( 19

7 0 Bao'

1A1K8v [11170 11111 07104161167 01 ypappare'a7 6511 A0yev(7 6v). 7 01? 8} 10

(37 009) 9 661110117 011 7 06 7 15110116100 p erpn(Fragment (b) is concerned withpayments for two imposts, the 2111ypa¢ri

and the 2-artabae tax (cf. notes on5 . 15and and arrears of themfrompreceding years. The sumsmentionedare ex tremely largeand obviously refer

toamuchwider tax ing-areathanasingle village. I t is quite uncertainwhatpart of the Fayttmismeant, for no place-names occurand ,as the documentonthe verso shows

,the papyrushas no particular connex ionwithKerkeosiris .

The payments aremade partly inwheat, partly in copper or in iron, whichishere for the first timemet withas anofli cialmediumof ex change. Thecopper is divided into 1061107109, or copperaccepted as payment for silveratpar,and of: dAAayri, or capper onwhichadiscount was charged when it wasconverted into silver (cf. App. 11. the sums payable inthe first beingmuchthe larger.Between Fragmenfs (6)and (c)anew writer intervenes, and the subject

of the concluding columns is somewhat different. In11. 45 - 61 wehavealistof persons whoare probably 11157 011101 11111619,and ownvery large estates rangingfrom320 to 500arourae. One of themisaMacedonian

,two others belonged

to demes presumably at A lexandria, while afla¢Aay15v is found inthe fragmentary first column. The entries after eachname,whichuniformly begin

withnapaypq e-mt,are apparently concerned withcharges for taxationwhichhad beenwronglymade or were disputed (cf. P. Petrie lI . 13. ( I 7) Besides

the elo¢0ptl, émypadnfand 07 !¢av09 wehear of the 8111111110, thoughnofreshlight

99. TA X A TI ON 437

is thrownonthemeaning of that strange impost. The final section(11. 611- 70)isalist of 01177 111619, i. e. o'vyyeve

'

is 11111011101 (cf. 61. (0) 79and 62. whohadagreed tomake some contribution but had failed to sign the necessarydeclaration. Theseare enteredas liable for sums of wheat of vary ing siz e.

The papyrus was probably Writteninor shortlyafter the 3grd year, whichis the latest datementioned ,and the reign, we think, is that of Philometor,not E uergetes I I . The varioushands of 7 9 and 99

,thoughcharacteristically

second century B . c .,are ofanearlier type than those of the M enches papyri ,

and some of the yearsmentioned, 0. g. the othin l. 46and the 2 18t inl. 47 ,must refer to Philometor’

s reign or the joint rule of the two brothers.M oreover the Pancrates who occurs inl. 6 (cf. ll. 26—8) inconnex ionwiththeadministrationofax Afip09may be identicalwiththe Pancrates 7 131 00117 1151 1

1 6 11 110101111011 1111111011 in the 36thyear of Philometor (82. and the Dionysiusmentioned in7 9. 5 2 is very likely identicalwiththe Dionysius of 82. 67 .

C01. i . Ends of six lines.

Col. 11.

118

7 6311 8'

éf 6¢11q oi7aw M’

B rp170

x u(A11017)013 (dAAayfi) (7 dAawa) pf 75251 réAavra14178’

B 111a18r;(pat1)(7 07111117 01) 1.

07107 1111111 (17 117000)M 143 9!

xa(AK06) (dAAayfi) (7 dAavra) 11B’

Auf

(7 dAavra)q ’

E rls1 0181501011) (7 dAawa) 1.

5 [Ka]2 17p00'a11117 10épe0a

[7 017 ] dva¢1pop€v[ov 1'

1]7r8 11117 11]p]1i 7 011 dyetAfi¢0a1KAflpov 117 ]0Ae;111fov [7 017 ] Ba(01A1Kofi) 1111 11111601 1

.]7m11 1mpa800611011 11’

s 7 811

7 8 e’

K¢]6p1ae’

x 7 179 r epi 7811

1’

111B{0(Afi9 01178 (dp7aB6311) yorry'

7 8 17 11p81 7 067 0 (rrvpofi)[m]

119 7 8 11117 8 [M ] xa(A11017) (dAAayfi)(7&Aa117 11)11B2111510001671011) [(7 dAa117a) ’

Aqe’

B ]rru 018671011 (7 6Aa117a) 1.

[if 0311 619 M eoophB

119 7 811 Ay (57 0119) M

7

7 089 [3019 7 017 AB M

TE B TUN I S PA P YR !

7

£ 19 7 811 7 [ M’

q B8'

,

y1’

110117 01 M

AO

0010111 M x 0(AK017) 013 (0111107 1) (70A0117 0)10011601011) [(7 11A0117 0)

’

A ]qs’

BT1 0181§(p011) (7 100117 0) 1.

Col. i i i.

7

77p89 7 811 7 00 A7 (57 0119) B (dproq v) 1rupat‘) MB

77p89 7 811 7 017 Ay (37 0119) M’

E ¢q[

xaAKoii 015 0A(A07 8) (70A0117 0) 8’

E 2'

10001611011) (70A0117 0v) 0

A8

17p[8]9 7 089 3019 7 013 AB (37 0119) x p6(110119) (00pm?)Mx 0(AK06) (dAAa-yh) (70A0117 0) p { 7 5211 10001671011) (7 0

’

A0117 0)’

Aq8'

B

01877(p0v) [(7 11A0117 0) 1.

619 7 0157 09 0110¢épe1 IT07 1171017 179 pep [17 pii(00a1)e’

11 9 0080 (mpofi)M ’1, 01110

’

1511

89 ypcf¢e1 H7 0Aq101'

09 8 B0(01A1K89) yp(0717107 189) 810 7 8 7 811 IT07 111147 1711

7 0 3019 9 0180 116 pepapqpéva01111A17¢€1101 B (0p7c q9)1m. 9 17p(0068011 ?) Ay (57 0119) 1102 119 7 089 3019 AB (57

xp6(110v9)

7 1110117 0 1 M'

H¢p [8C

A0111'02 (71'

vp017) M'

H08 x 0(AK017) 013 (dAAayh) (70 0117 0) 11B’

Au[f10011601011) (70A0117 0)q

'

Bq\ 1 0181700011) (rcawa) [1.

e’

11 00K[.

(67 8]1rdpx 0117 09 KA[7 631 12111107 07 151 7 6511 5118011 17 01210111

]11 é1rea~réA0a1 710p0 7 017 8101Kq7 01'

3 11 1)

0 810 7 8 01108e8éx001 e’

11 2Ae£0118pefa1 ]11-d.

K]0i 117 0Aq10101' 7 811 Ba(01A1K8v) yp(0m107 €0)1102 70 K001§K0117 0 0071080061101 rrap0 M eA[.

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o TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

H[7 0]Aq102'

09 H7 0[Aelj 101'

00 AB (37 009) x'

d'

17p09 3019 7 017 [A]0 (37 009) 5- 8

'

4 1711 757 11109 Q t’

Aawos‘ AB (57 009)9 66B00A09 KAeod kv A0 (37 009) y

'

.

6 60K[1’

1)£700 AB (37 009)AB (57 009) £7 , A0 (57 009)

7 179 8A(1)9) AB (37 009) 0110(A07 1'

09 qLd'

, A0 (37 009) pABL , 247 17 .

51001

1 sqq. The sumsmentioned in11. 1—2as owing forarrearsareadded toother sumsmentioned in the previous column, whichwere probably theamounts due for the current

year,making the totals in 11. 3—4. To these areadded the 4785? artabaeaccounted forin 5

—10,making the totals in11. 1 1- 2 .

6. dntAfitpdat canhardlymeananything but confiscated ’

(cf. the ex tract from(a)quoted onp. thoughthat sense does not suit a'veaAq '

vat inl. 29, where Pancratesisagainmentioned. There is clearly acontrast betweendwarfi smand 30 606011, butthe latter termis very obscure ; cf. not? on 5 . 36

- 7 .

9. Theabbreviated name of tax , probably or B (cipréfiqv), is tobe suppliedatthe beginning of the line ; cf. ll. 2 1- 2 .

10. cf. 1. 5 1 . e’mfioAv') occurs inthe Romanperiodas the name ofatax ,

apparentlyasanaddition to other imposts. Cf. Wilcken, Oct. 1. p . 193 , P. Fay. Towns8 1 . 9and 263. Buthere it would seemtobe connected withthe sense of imfiéntmin7 6

c’mBa'Ao pe

'

poc, i . e. perhaps tobe equivalent tompumdc.r t} flap?! tai -m: cf. 7 2. 425 , where the phrase occurs in computing the difierenoe

between two rents. The difl'

erence of about 50 artabae between the two figures inthis line is probablyaccounted for by the 5oartabaementioned in themarginal note,whichishowever obscure. 17 1( if correc t, is probably or The first

figure, added to 46 19 673 (I. 3)makes the total of the wheat inl. 1 1 , Thepapyrus gives 3 instead of because the fraction in l. 3 is treatedas 3, thoughi wascertainly writtenthere.

13- 25 . Fromthe preceding totals are subtracted the tax esactually paid over by

the responsible offic ial up to M esore ; these amount to 64792 7} artabae inall (I.The remainder whichwas stillowing fromhimis given in11. 19- 20. This is subdividedin11.ao—

5 into three classes : the z -artabae tax for the 33rd year, the e’mypacpv'; for the

same year,andarrears under theseheads up to the gand year ; and there is little doubtthat the names of the tax es lost in 11. 14 and 16are the same, 1. 1 5 correspondingwithl. 24.

18. The correct figure of the wheat is 39675343artabae.

26—33. The totals inll. 18-

9are subjected toadeductionfor sums paid inThoth,i. e. in the beginning of the year following M esore (l. The z -artabae tax isagainmentioned inl. 29and the £n1ypa¢6would be ex pected in1. 3c , but theabbreviated wordbefore A7 (37 009) is certainly not and seems to beatax connected withhorses(cf. 0011117 509 inl. The new remainder is givenin11. 32—3. The figu re in l. 31 oughttohave been186783 It is composed of the three itemsmentioned in11. 29—3o, whichwere substituted for the 165 5 33artabae inl. 28 .

100. TA X A TI ON 44:

34-

44. Themutilationof this section is regrettable because the obscure phrase c’

v

c’mcmiau occurs (cf. 61. (b) of whichwe would gladlyhave learntmore. e

’mordmrawmo. vilifie d inl. 36 looks likeacourt titleat Alexandria; cf. Lumbroso, R ec/u rea“pp. zo7

- 1o.

42. «i s (rip'm'Bas themeaning of the symbol (written 7 ) is very doubtful, beingdifferent fromany of the ordinary signs for dpf cq . The name ofatax would be ex pected.

46. dvaboxas z cf. 7 5 . 6. Dioscurides seems tohave beenwrongly enteredashavingbecome surety for Antipater for 6015, artabae besidesasumfor doqbopé, onwhichsee98 . introd. He disputed the claim, arguing that the xAfipos (of Antipater had broughthimnoprofitand that the personliable was Ptolemaeus.

47 . xa[r]&061107 0 canhardly be read. 709 (se. épréfias)b Hpom'AAmmeans theartabaeowed by PrOpellus ; cf. e

’

v M uppet 72. 332 ,and 5 . 227 , note.

5 1 . c'mBoAiis : cf. note on1. 1o.

5 5 . 21301109hereand E inp'yc'mos inl. 58are new names of demes.

56—7 . dumrfac : this curiously-named tax is found inP. Petrie I I . 39 (e), where the

payersashereare cleruchs. Mahafi'

y’

s suggestion that itmeans forhaving nohorseis

,as Wilckenpoints out, open to the objection that inone case the same personpays

bothfor Mpc c {may and drumfa. Wilcken’

s own interpretation, whichmakes rivunriaapply to the landandmean unsuitableness for cavalry,’ is still less satisfactory.

58. at : if the number refers toartabae 7 101101 insome way ex pressesatax of 1 artabato thearourabut it ismore likely that the second fi t like the first

refers toarourae.

59. 0070 11010011arc'tpavov : ageneral impost for cm’

daavos levied onall cleruchsandprobably other classesalso,as contrasted withe. g. the r poaAWcos rm’

cpamexacted fromindividualsat different times uponpromotionfromone grade toanother ; cf. 61. (b) 25 4,note.

100. Tax R ECE IPTS.

x 76-5 cm. s. c. 1 1 7- 6.

A series of five receipts for the payment of various tax es by the sameperson, E pigenes son of M elistion

,acatoecus of the 5 thhipparchy ,

in the5grd and 54thyears of E uergetes I I . The first two of them, whichoccupythe firstand the upper part of the second columnof the papyrus,are toomuchmutilated to be worthprinting. They were bothissued, like the third receipt,by Heracleus the agent of the Aoyamis Apollodorus, and the first of themmentions ,6 0000101000 (cf. 101. 5 note)and ®eoyovf9 (cf. 1. The thirdof the receipts is for apayment in copper drachmae—

perhaps 70, but thiswould be atrifling sum, and the number is very doubtful— apparently for

the oil- tax . On the tax es uponoilat this period see 88 . 10,note ; whichof

themisheremeant is uncertain. The fourthreceipt is for 35 artabae paid toA cusilaus, collector of Theogonis, onaccount of the 11010100110, or tax upon

assoc iations, for whichcf. 5 . 59, note. The last receipt was issued by three

442 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

7rpdx 7 0p6 9, and is anacknowledgement of two payments, firstly asumrepre

senting I OO drachmae on the atoutafor the ovyx ex prpéva0116 7 630

and also artabaof wheat on thearoura,making 1 7 artabae. The purpose

of this second payment inkind depends uponthemeaning of theabbreviationdp7a( inl. 19. Thismight be ex panded into and the paymentwould then be onaccount of the tax called dprafitefa(cf. 5 . 59, note),andqu ite distinct fromthat whichhas just preceded. But in that case we shou ldcertainly ex pect this freshtax to be named earlier in the receipt, whereas

be‘ in l. 18 rather implies that the payment belonged to the samecategory as the preceding one ; and secondly the conjunct ionofaregulartax like the dp

‘

raBtu'awiththe o-vyx ex prpéva, whichwas aspec ial charge of

some kind, probably apenalty (cf. 7 2. is unlikely . I t is therefore betterto suppose that dp‘

ra( simply stands for thoughthe word is thenout of its natural placeafter (1rvp06).

Col. 11.

‘Hpci x A6109 8 170p0HwoAAo80’

1pov A0[yev]7 017

KeA107 fa11'09 xafpew . 8tay€yp0¢0981

’

171013 7 8 5A01011 7 06 08 (57 009) x 0A(11017) (8p0x 1109) 0.

Col. iii.

2ndhand [ 'E 7 009] 08 1109111

5 7 9711 eygygmdnw)

[7 017 (37 009) 17090 7 017

[170p06] 7 p[1]0ix 0117 0 176117 1 , (1rvp01‘

3) A1,89 He7 ea'0iix 09 yew(py69).

10 3rdhand 341100013 009 9 607 004809) 7011001501007 0)1101001111110 7 00 118

Col. iv.

4thhand K0AA111p07 179 1102Apeiios 110i 14110001’

A009

01’

wpox ex tptapévot 17pd117 0pe9’

E 17 1ye'

111)

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444 7 s 7 11l PA PYR I

101. BANKER'

S R ECE IPT.

1 5 x cm. D. C. 1 20.

A bank receipt for the payment of 1 talent 4800 drachmae (of copper)to the account of Parthenius, strategus (cf. 61. (b) by Demetrius sonof

Heraclides,for ‘agolden crown.

’

This Demetrius was acatoecus whohadbeenpromoted inthe 48thyear fromthe ephodi,and whose «Afiposhad become107 6x 1009 cf. 61 . (0) 26 1—84 , wherehis case is dealt withat length, and thenotes onthat passage. The crown onaccount of whichthe present paymentwasmade was no doubt the wpooAfiWews 07 1500009 for whichhe became liableonhisadmissionto the ranks of the catoec i cf. 6 1. (b)254, note.

”

E 7 o[v9] 110 9 1013

0 11. 17607 7 0111111)£173 7 80 911( 7 pé(7re{ 011)Hapeem'wt 00017 11112) 1102

07 1100177 811)HWAG/10801 7 6 1 1rap8 4 18151100

1rap8 Aq/1177 p1'00’

Hp011Ae[800

5 x p0(011106) 18 11A1)(p015x 0w) B 0110((70A0117 011) 0

’

Aa1, (70A0117 011) 0’

4 01.

‘ The srst year, Thoth20. Paid into the bank to Ptolemaeus, agent ofDidymus, banker, to the credit of Parthenius the king'

s cousinand basilico-

grammateus,by Demetrius sonof Heraclides for the goldencrownfromthe 14 cleruchs of the secondat Kerkeosiris, 1 talent 4800 drachmae, total 1 talent 4800 drachmae.

’

r. this termappears tohave remained incommonuse inthe Fayfimlater than in the Theban district, where it was replaced by 7 57 11117 01 in the secondcentury B. C. ; cf. P. Fay. Towns 1 7 . 1

,note.

2 .m1( the first lettermay be 7 , but in either case the restoration of theabbreviation is not obvious.

5 . 18 B 6m( by the 14 cleruchs areapparentlymeant the catoec isettled in the current reign, who were 14 in number if Chaeremonsonof Cratinus(62. 135)beadded to the 13 landholders in62. 1 16-

50. 8 dm( is obscure ; dra(on the analogy of 100 (cf. introd. to that papyrus)might be resolved thesecond instalment ’

; cf. P. Zois r. 31 7 116x001 wpo'mpr dvacpopév. But the following

Kepnw lpe(m) is then rather awkward ; and the order of the words suggests that theex pressionqualifies q (po{oxm) rather than Some suchwordast

pe second relay would giveasense, but weare ignorant of the facts towhichit would

re er.

103. TAX A TION 445

102. R ECE IPT FOR PAYM EN T or THE WORK- TAX .

9-5 x a4 cm. D. C. 77 ?

A receipt for 8 drachmae of silver and 1200 drachmae of copper paidfor the M i r

-

00117 11100 of the 4thyear by M elas, aCleruchof Tebtunis. For

this impost, whichwasapparently analternative of personal labour of somekind, cf. 5 . 49, note. Inc identally the papyrus shows that bands of cleruchswere settled by Chomenisat Tebtunisas wellasat Kerkeosiris ; but the particular class to whichM elas belonged is uncertain (Cf. note on1. The5 thyear inwhichthe receipt is dated probably refers to the reignof N eos

Dionysus ; themajority of the papyri fromthis crocodile are subsequent tothe reignof Soter I I , and to judge fromthehandwriting the present caseis not an ex ception; cf. 108 . introd .

M€A0111 H11€¢1p817 09

7 6311 818 X op17(11109) 0011( TeB70(111019) x 0f(p1111).

7 0Aet(7 00p7 111011) 7 01? 8 (57 009) 0117 000130) 0117 8) x 0(A1100)142.

(57 009) c 6 0100 A.

5 89 H67 60017x 09.

IschyriontoM elas sonof Pnepheros, one of the corps of Chomenis of Tebtunis,greeting. Youhave paid the work- tax of the 4thyear, 8 drachmae of silver 1 200 drachmaeof Copper. The 5 thyear , Thoth30. Paid throughPetesuchus.’

z . 0011( themeaning of thisabbreviation is obscure. The supposed 11 is verysimilar tothe r) of X op6(mc), whichitselfapart fromthe other letters could be readas 11.

’

A011(A171710800)at once suggests itself, but Chomenis is not elsewhere givenapatronymic,and some word indicating the class of whichM elas wasamember is ex pected ; 0011(however, is very intractable.

5 .a.nmaoaxos :anoteaddedat the bottom,mentioning the personwhoactuallypaid themoney onM elas’ behalf; cf. 98 . 4, &c., 100. 9, I 6.

103. TAX ING-LIST.

Breadth34 1111. B. c. 94 or 6 1 . PLATE VI I .

The interest of this list lies intheheading, whichcontains the firstmentioninaPtolemaic papyrus of Aaoypatpfa, the word used inthe Romanperiod forthe poll- tax . Inview of recent discussions on the originof this impost in

446 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

E gypt (Cf. Wilcken, Ost. I . pp . 245—9, P. Ox y . I I . pp . 207 it is important to

fix as closely as possible the date of this papyrusand of 121and 18 9 , inwhichAooypadnfaisagainfound, before proceeding to discuss the inferences whichmaybe drawnfromthem. The two crocodiles ( I and 19) whichy ielded 104 , 121,

and 189 were found in the same tomb,and all three papyri

’

were writtenin the 2 1st year ofan unnamed sovereign (104 and 121 inThoth), so thatthere canbehardly any doubt that they are exactly contemporary witheachother. A s previously pointed out, there isamarked palaeographical differencebetween the M enches papyri and the documents obtained fromcrocodilesI and 19, whichformagroup withthree others found inaneighbouring tomb(nos. 1 8

,24,and A ll five crocod ilesmusthave beenmummified about

the same time,for of three leases concerning the same piece of landand written

within two years, one (15 8) is fromcrocod ile 1,another (105 ) from29, the

third (106)from24. A few late second century B. C. documents (e. g. 100and101) dated in the closing years of E uergetes I I also occur, but withveryrare ex ceptions the papyri fromthis group undoubtedly belong to the first

century B. C. In the contracts the name of the reigning sovereign is found(cf. 104 — 6 and and is ineachcase Ptolemy A lexander ; but elsewhereas arule the years only are given, and these commonly range fromthe1 7thto the 22nd, there being afew (87 , 102, 140, 209 , 228 , 241, 25 0)withlower regnal years vary ing fromthe 5 thto I 3th, but none withhigherex cept 5 4 , whichis dated in the 32nd yearandmust belong to the .reignofSoter I I . The terminusad 9111 111 for these crocod ile-

papyri canbe fix ed withtolerable certainty at the end of the reignof Ptolemy N eos Dionysus ; forpapyr i dated in the 16th- zand years of CleopatraVI I ’

s reign,as is knownfromep igraphicand other evidence whichhas recently beenconfirmed by ourown discoveries at Dime, would bear double dates, and thereare no doubledates inthese first century B.C . papyri ex cept those whichclearly refer to

CleopatraI I I and Ptolemy A lexander,and one (202)whichis dated in ‘the

second whichis also the first year,’ and probably refers to the reign of

Berenice IV withCybiosactes or A rchelaus rather thanto that of Berenice I I Iand A lexander I I ,as was suggested inP. Grenf. I I . p. 63. Toascribeany ofthe crocodile-

papyri to the reign of A ugustus is out of the question. Thelarge group of documents dated between the 17thand 22nd years (to which103 , 121,and 189 belong)must therefore be referred to the reignof eitherPtolemy A lexander I or N eos Dionysus. For the smaller group withregnalyears between the 5 thand 13ththe Choice of possibilities lies between thereigns of N eos Dionysusand CleopatraVI I , but the absence ofany papyri’whichcertainly belong to CleopatraVI I '

s reignand the presence of several

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443 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

the correct ex pansionof theabbreviation in95 . 10, this, too,might be

ex plained inthe same way . 01111107 0 11 is used ofapoll- tax by A pp ian(Syr .

The papyrus is in two fragments whichdo not join,and contains threecolumns of names of whichthe first twoare printed. One of the individualsinthe third columnis called TaAt'7 179, i . e.anative of Tali (cf. 90.

C01. i . Col. 11.

(”

E 7 009) 110 6 0100,’

4 90x 00[0]9 107 0(0f809) 1107

’

0118110 20 Af8011[09] y 0a1(7 1A015[117 ]0111 015117 05111.

H0117 10x (00) 11111.

ZfioA]A0’

w[ 109

5 N 1111'

09

A 170AA0’

111[10]9 N 11101’

0[v

1117 09

aline lost.

H0 7011[19

15 M 1111

L] o [ lsael’

E py1[09]KOAA0001791100019 3701611170999

N 00p01‘

39

110170117 639 211106019

A168a1p09 1100111159’

Op011100¢109

H0

110701119 M 00x fa11109

fli p/110019’

O11116¢p109

K0A07 177 19

A [ ]0109

104 . CON TR A CTS 9

VI I I . CON TRACTS .

104 . M ARRIAGE CON TRACT.

3° X “ 4 1111. B. C. 92.

Papyrus 21 ofGeneva(edited by N icole in of the second century B.c .,hashitherto enjoyed the distinctionof being the only instance ofaPtolemaicmarriage contract in Greek ; and unfortunately it is an imperfect example,having lost bothbeginningand conclusion,and being still disfigured by internal

lacunae, notwithstanding the recent appearance at M unichof themissingends of the lines

, whichgreatly assist the reconstruction(Wilcken, 1417 0111, I .pp. 484 The discovery of the following tex t, whichsupplies asecondspecimen, this time, happily , practically complete, is therefore espec iallywelcome. The two contracts follow the same formulaand are oftenverballyidentical and weare thus enabled to perceive clearlyhow the Genevapapyrusbeganand to fill up withconfidence the gaps inits tex t downto l. 15 , wherethe concluding testamentary section commences. There are no suchtestamentary dispositions in the Kerkeosiris contract, inwhichthe provisions fordivorce are immediately followed by the names of the usual six witnessesand of the and, finally ,

by the signature of the bridegroom. A t

the top is the shortabstract commonly found incontracts of this period .

Themost interesting feature is the stringent provisions, whichare peculiarto thisand the Genevapapyrus, regulating the wedded life of the contractingparties. Thehusband is toabstainfrombigamyand other forms of infidelity ,

and is forbidden to reside inahouse over whichhis w ifehas no rights, orto ill- useher inany way , or toalienate their commonproperty without regardtoher interests. The wife onher side is notallowed to stay away fromthehouse by night or day withoutherhusband’

s knowledge, or to formotherties, or generally bring discred it upon thehome. Some echoes of thesestipulationsare to be found inRomanmarriage contracts fromOx yrhynchus ;but there is nothing corresponding inthose fromthe Fayfimof that period,though,asWilcken remarks (A rc/0111, I . p . similar rules of conduct were

reintroduced later under Christian influences.

The contract is endorsed on the verso,and below are the names of the

contracting partiesand of the si x witnesses,arranged infour groups. BetweenG g

450 TEB TUN I S PA PYR I

the first and last pair of groups was aclay seal, and beneaththe sealspassed the threads withwhichthe roll was fastened up . 105 , 100and 109

were sealedand signed inthe same way ; Cf. P. Petrie I I . 2 1 . (0) 7—9 7 89 01

0117171710089 00pay10011f[0 179 0170 Ehmfpov 1101 215000 (the parties to the contract)ml 17100(the ovyypatporpziAaf)mi 7 1311 7101 7107170711011.

(”

E 7 009) 11B M 1x (1 ip) 10 . ¢ 1Af0110(9) 17 6710179 Tfi[9’

A170AA01111’

01 1102K 1AA0001(1)‘Hp0(11A1f800)H1p0(1

’

0171) 7117 8 110(pt'

00) 7 00 [081Agb00]3x 1111 17000057 579) 119 x u(A1100) 71971607107 09)A6(

-

yo11) (7 0A0117 0) B1102 (871070189)

'

A

7 811 007 631 01700801) [017371 8811

e[. ¢1p118(11) 011111141(01W [M WPWWM QI 4 10180109)B001A100117 09 H7 0A1710f00 7 00 [1102 0100 ¢ 1]Ao7187 0p09

37 009 8107 1'

p00

11021111007 00 14A1£0118p00 0AA[01]11 7 8111 £11

’

AA1£008p11"01 71171109 Eav8111[o]0 111811107 171 M [1x 12]p 111811107 171

£11 K 1p11100t'

p1 1 7 89 H0Aé/1011109 71ept'

8a9 7 00 1107100. 071v 7 1?

¢ 1Af011o9 H[1'

p0]179 7 89 517 17 01189 A17 0AA0111I01 7 81

1102K 1AA00011 17 171061171 7117 8 11[vpf]00 7 00 6007 89

(0)80A¢00'

A170AA01111’

00 €[x 11]11 17070’

119 x 0A1100 1107110

7107 09 A6yo11 7 0A0117 0 800 1102 8pax 7189 7 17 p01110x 1A1'a[9] 7 811 8100

71v 7 17716q 007 631 16170119711 0178p 007 89'

A170AA01111'

09. 88

1417o 1001 1t[alp8 Q1A1’011011 17 1100px 0000 80 7 111

7 0110010 0118p69, 110p(1)10000011 7117’

007 00 1101118 7 6311 0170px 6117aw 007 039.

7 8 88 11027 011 [17407 1071011 11027 8AA0 800 177100171111 7 110 1112

7107117 81 170p1x €00¢0 Q 1A1

’

01109’

A 170AA01111'

011 1318177161311 1102

0170817718111

1107 8 81511071111 7 8311 0170px 6117 ¢011 007 029, 1102 718 8560701 ¢ 1Af0110 1

7 01101110 0AA1711 0AA8 A17 0AA0111f011 711788 11'

0AA01180 711783

1r[018]111011 3x 11v 7 111110]17 011 10001 85 0AA179 7 1111011189 {fi nk71 778

’

0AA1711 [011110111 081110 89 00 1tup11u011 A170AA0111101

71178'

éyB0AA1111 711781 711783 1101100x 1 i’

11 007 811 711788 7 611 017071

x 6117 0111 7117080 011"0811001 7 81’

A170AA0111f01. 81'

7 1

7 0157 0111 é17 1811x01’

j1 17018111 8 7 8 8 7 811 8 7 8AA0

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452 TUN I S PA PYR I

The and year, M echeir r 1 . Philiscus son of Apollonius, aPersianof theEpigone,acknowledges toApolloniaalsocalled Kellauthis, daughter ofHeraclides, Persian,withher guardianher brother Apollonius, thathehas received fromher incoppermoneyatalents 4000 drachmae, theamount of the dowry for Apolloniaagreed uponwithhim.The keeper of the contract is Dionysius.

Intheand year of the reignof Ptolemyalsocalled Alexander, the god Philometor,in the priesthood of the priest of Alexanderand the restas written inAlexandria, thenthof themonthXandicus whichis the nthof M echeir,at Kerkeosiris inthe divisionof Polemonof the Arsinoite nome. Philiscus sonof Apollonius, Persianof the Epigone,acknowledges to Apolloniaalso called Kellauthis, daughter of Heraclides, Persian, withher guardianher brother,

Apollonius, thathehas received fromher incoppermoneyatalents 4000 drachmae, the dowry for Apolloniaagreed uponwithhim. Apolloniashall remainwithPhiliscus, obeyinghimas awife shouldherhusband, owning theirproperty in common withhim. Philiscus shall supply to Apolloniaall necessariesand clothingand whatever is prOper forawedded wife, whetherhe isathome orabroad,so faras their property shalladmit. I t shallnot be lawful for Philiscus to bring inanyother wife but Apollonia, nor to keep aconcubine or lover, nor to beget childrenby another woman inApollonia’s lifetime, nor to live inanotherhouse over whichApolloniais notmistress, nor to eject or insult or ill- treather, nor toalienateany oftheir property to Apollonia’s disadvantage. Ifhe is shown to be doing any of thesethings or does not supplyher withnecessariesand clothingand the rest ashas beensaid

,Philiscus shall forfeit forthwithto Apolloniathe dowry of z talents 4000 drachmae

of copper. Inthe same way it shall not be lawful for Apolloniato spend the night ordayaway fromthehouse of Philiscus without Philiscus’

consent or tohave intercoursewithanothermanor to ruin the commonhousehold or to bring shame uponPhiliscusinanything that causesahusband shame. I f Apolloniawishes ofher ownwill to separatefromPhiliscus, Philiscus shall repayher the bare dowry withintendays fromthe day it isdemanded back. I fhe does not repay itashas been statedhe shall forthwithforfeitthe dowryhehas received increased by onehalf. The witnessesare Dionysius sonofPatron, Dionysius son of Hermaiscus, Theon son of Ptolemaeus, Didymus sonof Ptolemaeus, Dionysius sonof Dionysius, Heracleus sonof Diocles,all six Macedoniansof the Epigone ; the keeper of the contract is Dionysius. (Signed) I , Philiscus sonofApollonius, Persianof the Epigone,acknowledge the receipt of the dowry, the z talents4000 drachmae of copper,as above written,and I willact withregard to the dowryas I , Dionysius sonof Hermaiscus, theaforesaid, wrote forhimashe was illiterate.illI

iionysius,have received the contract

,being valid. Registered the 2 2nd year,

cc en 1 r.

’

4 . OnthemmpaM u'

kafi cf. 105 . 53, note.

5 . Berenice is omitted in the date, as in 109 . 6 and P. Grenf. I . 36 ; of. 106 .

introd.

6.mp mm, of. 105 . 9, 106 . 4and P. Ox y. 236. (0)3, (c)3, 7 8 0’amfar

( 01118111 61 111‘

Ahéavbpa’q 7 716017 01, whichshows that here is to be closelyconnected with311 A similar formula, the purpose of whichwas toavoidwri ting out the long lists ofAlexandrianpriesthoods, continued inuse inthe Heracleopolitenome inthe Romanperiod, e.g. C. P. R . 6 .a.

13—5 . Cf. P. Ox y. 265 . I 3 77 110apx 0600 067 06] 811 7711007171117 ”17117811 0187161.

Wilckenismistakeninassuming (Archiv, I . p. 490)that this prt sxonfor wifely obediencedid notappear inthe Genevacontract, where it no doubt stood in the same positionashere,after theacknowledgement of the receipt of the dowry.

104. CON TR A CTS 453

1 5 . Lines 1- 5 of the Genevacontractare tobe restored ontheanalogy of 11. 1 5 - 20hereas follows1101111 150000 7117

’

007 06 11011181]7 8 [83 170117 0 1102 7011 27107 1071011 110i 7 8880 800 upon

-571111 7 111101110

yja7117 81 rapcx c'

flnM 1n11p07 179 [81181771611mi 0170817118111 1107 8 815111171111 1'

1170px 8117 10v

0157039,

[11111] M evexpéfa7 111101? 888 1711 draw-

7180001 129 0111817

fl]018[111011

N icole’

s reading at the beginning of l. r, if correct, precludes the restorationof 17110apx 0i

'

100 aa’nofi before flapc'xovaa, since we should then ex pect the line to

beginwithsome part of the name M evu pérqs, corresponding to 0181010 1 inl. 14 of our

papyrus.2 1 . 89 08 11071116011 : sonodoubt inP. Gen. 2 1 . 5 instead ofWilcken’

s 681av]yxvpu {mt.A partially preservedv would be indistinguishable from7 .

2 2 . 71178'

87308811111 cf. P. Ox y. I I. 265 . 14 711788 xaxovx ci ]11 0157811 (80 13121. 372)71178

’

d1ro118u'

(11)v 711781 1109 7 8111 t'

1770px 8117 01[11.23. 317

’

7 81’

A17088m11'a1 : P. Gen. 2 1. 7 ismore prec ise, 811111 7 06 80 17 71001810 1 7 811'

Ap011181711 BeBa1[w7 pr'

011.

2 5- 6. 61707 11061 0 1 7 811 011111611 : the parallel passage inP. Gen. 2 7has 14711 411v

8711881011,and probably 8711681011has dropped outhere.

27—9. 877810017 011 117780 7011 110111011 0711011 : similar phrases are found in

Ox yrhynchusmarriage contracts of the Romanperiod ; cf. note onP. Ox y. I I . 265 . 14.

29. alvx éwoqm: the use of themiddle in place of the active is remarkable, butthough1might be read aftermax imthe following vestiges do not suit 11. Until theGenevaand M unichfragmentsare brought together it ishardly possible to say whetherthere is roomforatax énooat inthe lacunaof P. Gen. 2 1 . r 1 . Wilckenreads wou ‘

iv.

30. Wilckennotices (An-11111, I . p. 490)that no penalty is laid down in the Geneva

contract formisconduct on the part of the wi fe corresponding to that for lapses onthehusband's part, and suggests thataparagraphinwhichsuchpenalty was definedmayhave been inadvertently omitted. The present tex t combines withP. Ox y. 265 . 17to show that the omissionwas due not to inadvertence, but normal usage. What thepenalty would be is clearly enoughindicated by 110600 inthe nex t sentence, i . e. the wifewould of course be dismissed. But it is certainly somewhat strange that no provisionismade withregard to the returnof the dowry incase of dismissal by thehusband,as isregu larly done inRomanmarriage contracts.

31 . P. Gen. 2 1 . 1 2 is accordingly to be restored 6001160010601 1i[1r0 M enxpa'rov817W

32 . 671571011 1] is therefore preferable inP. Gen. 2 7 . 13 to [111 871170011 whichWilckenrestores ontheanalogy of the Romancontracts.

34. A1011150109nti-mew s : this Dionysius is probably the ompa¢o¢6kafi who is generallythe first witness ; cf. 106 . 53, note.

39. The vestiges donot suit 17071086047 . “1708811114011 : the brotherand 1115p109 of the bride ; cf. 1. to.

454 7 11l PA PYR I

105 . LEASE or LAN D.

37 -8 11 28 cm. s. c . 103. PLATE VI I I .

This long and well- preserved papyrus is concerned withthe sub- leaseofa1188p09at Kerkeosiris belonging to Maronsonof Dionysius, fromHorion,apaxatpocpépos orarmedattendant uponthe strategus, to Ptolemaeus,aPersianof the E pigone, for five years. The opening formulatakes the shape ofanacknowledgement by the lessee to the lessor thathehad leased the land fromhim. Some fragments of the complementary agreement inwhichthe lessorstated thathehad leased the land to the lessee,and whichbegins 371070100111 inthe ordinary way (cf. arealso ex tant while 106 isacontract forthe lease of apparently the same land fromMaron son of Dionysius, theoriginal owner, to the same Ptolemaeus for three years. 106 was writtentwoyears later than105 ,and inthe interval Horionseems tohave disappeared ,

renderinganew lease necessary ; but the c ircumstancesare obscure.

Themainbody of the document, carefully writtenbyaprofessional scribewho was probably anoffi cial of the registry ofli ce

,is preceded by the usualhastily scrawled abstract. A t the end are ( 1) the names of the customary

six witnesses, of whomthe first is the w yypa¢o¢680£ (cf. note on 1.

(0)abrief acknowledgement by the lessee inhis ownhandwriting of themainst ipulations of the contract, (3) theautographsignature of the 00717 71000

00806, and (4) the docket of the registry office. The verso contains, besidesthe title, the names of the parties to the contract and of the si x witnesseswithseals

,as in104 .

The land whichwas the subject of this lease was inthree separate parcels,but the totalareais not stated . The owner, Maronsonof Dionysius, is,however,familiar fromthe survey lists,and it is known thatas 008011157 179he possessedI Oarourae, the positionof whichis indicated in 84 . These canbe identifiedwithtwo of the three parcelsmentionedhere ; cf. note on1. 15 . Onbecominga1181-011109he received I 5 arouraemore fromtheholding of Heliodorus sonof M enodorus (61. (a)39-

4 1, cf. 8 5 . and if the third plot consisted of these1 5 arou rae, 25 arourae was still the amount ofhis 1188pos. This agreesvery well withthe total rent, whichhere “

is only 1 20artabaeand in 106 is

still less. The land was of poor quality, as is shownby the survey lists, inwhichit is generally described asampos (cf. 61. (a) 40— 1

,63 . andmuchof it seems tohave beenonly partially arable, for inthe present lease

spec ial provision ismade for the ‘ breaking up of the dry ground (x epaox oi rla),towards the ex penses of whichthe lessor contributed

.41} talents. Other

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460 TE B 7 11l PAPYR I

orhisagents fromtilling the ground or watering the crop eachyear. Andhe shallalso pay Ptolemaeus withintheappointed time the remaining two talents of copper forthe breaking up of the dry land, as is aforesaid. Ifhe fails to guarantee themasaforesaid or violatesanyother of theaforesaid provisions,Horionshall forfeit toPtolemaeusafine of 30 talents of. copper,and for failure to pay themoney for the breaking up of

the dry ground oneandahalf times that sumand the loss incurred,while the validity of thelease shallnot beaffected ;and Ptolemaeushimselfandhisagents if they ex pel intrudersuponthe land shall be liable tonofine or penalty ofany kind. If the lease is guaranteedPtolemaeus shall till the landand sow light crops onhalf of it every year,andhemaynot alienate the lease. The appointed rent shall be paid every year by PtolemaeustoHorionorhisagents inthemonthof Pauni , payment beingmade inwheat that is new,

pure, and unadulterated inany way,measured by the six - choenix dromosmeasureof the temple of Suchus in theaforesaid village by justmeasurement,and it shall bedelivered to Horionat the village at whatever placehemay fix in the said villageat Ptolemaeus’

ownex pense. And whenthe period of the leasehas ex pired Ptolemaeusshall deliver up the land inacleanconditionasaforesaid. But ifhe fails to pay therent as aforesaid or violates any other of the aforesaid conditions, Ptolemaeus shallforthwithforfeit toHorionfor renouncing the leaseafine of 30 talents of copperand theloss incurred,and for not sowing light crops yearlyafine of toartabae of wheat besidesthe

.

rent, and for not delivering up the land inaclean conditionafine of 10 talentsof copper, and for (not paying the rent ?) 3000 drachmae of copper for eachartabaor thehighest price at whichitmay be soldat the said village ;and Horionshall ineachyear owntheharvestand produce untilhe recovershis rent infullandall the otherprovisions of the leaseare fulfilled. If Ptolemaeus is called upontopayanything totheState onbehalf of Maronwhose propertyhas beenimpounded or of Horion, or tomakeany other contribution,he shall deduct in theallowances fromthe rent the equivalentsof the sums in the tax - receipts, and if that is not sufli cient tomake good the debtHorion shall payhimtheadditionalamount. If Horionfails to payhimasaforesaid,Ptolemaeushas the right either, ifhe chooses, to exact the ' deficiency fromhim, or, ifheprefers, to continue cultivating theholdingat the same rent beyond the termof the leaseuntilhe recovershis debt infull withthe ( interest ?) This contract is valid. The witnessesare T imostratus son of Sarapion, Macedonian of the catoec ic cavalry, Teres sonofPtolemaeus, Hermonsonof Patronsonof Ptolemaeus, Heracleus sonof Sarapion,all five Macedonians of the Epigone. The keeper of the contract is T imostratus.I , Ptolemaeusalso called Petesuchus, sonof Apolloniusalso called Haruotes, Persianof theEpigone,agree that Ihave leased theholding whichbelongs toMaronfor five years fromthe 1 5 thwhichisalso the nthyearatatotal rent for eachyear of 1 20artabae of wheat ;and Ihave forthwithreceived the z talentsand 3000 drachmae of copperup the dry ground in theholding ; and on receiving inaddition 2 talentsmore I willdeliver up theholding wi ththe dry ground brokenupand levelledand free fromrushes,coarse grass,and other weeds, ex cept thatadjoining the land of Thoonisand Pausiris,andIaccept the other stipulationsasaforesaid ; and Ihave placed this contract, being valid,wi thT imostratus. I

, T imostratus,have received the contract, being valid. Registered inthe 1 5thwhichisalsothe 1 2thyear, PhaOphi

6—7. The last lineandahalf does not seemto correspond toany provisioninthebody of the document fromI. 29 onwards,and withoutadefinite clue deciphermentof this scrawl ishopeless.

8. The title 20076110011 is omi ttedhere as becomes usual in the papyri of PtolemyAlexander’

s reignafter the disappearance of Cleopatra; cf. 104 . 5 , 106. 3. I t is,

105 . CONTRACTS 461

however, found inaGebelénpapyrusas lateas the a6thyear (P. Amb. I I. 5 1 . andprobably no importance is to beattached to the omission.

9 34 1811017 : Xandicus corresponded to M echeirat this period ; '

A 1718801011 shouldhave beenwri tten.1 2 .aq pmpdpw : cf. 85 . 13, note.

°

13. 151107 0010 711“ [81011] 7111708011 : cf. 94 . 34. In - 10 the southernareais calledM 107 00 1

'

17 71101 7300 181103.and it is possible that the land of the god M estasutmis and the300181116 of Horus, &C.

,bothof whichadjoined this 0071071: on the south, are there

confused. But it is improbable that this land of M estasutmis was really tepd cf. 93 . introd.

and 94 . note. The first 0¢p07 19 probably consisted of the 1 5 arourae ascribed to

Maron son of Dionysius in 8 5 . 5 9 (cf. for the other two 017171072619apparentlycorrespond to the land owned by Maronas d1r180t cf.note ou

'

l. 1 5 . In106 . 10a76179,nota is said to lie between the first 01750171:and theadjacentareaonthe south.The inconsistencymay be real ; but if 211871o could become a7 13171 (cf. 162) thereis no reason whyacanal should not become onealso. The d ifficulty is to fix themeaning of 7 11177 . Outside the instances in the present volume - 6,besides thosementioned)the word 18 only found inone papyrus, so faras weareaware,P. Amb. I I . 68. Taking the certainoccurrences by themselves themostplanationof 7 1117: is simplyafield,

’

possessing no technicalmeaning but being employedwhenthe writer did not care

,

to enter into details. This view does notaccord very well

withthe numbering of the 7601, if theabbreviation7 0( )is to be ex plainedas M 011)in62and 8 2—8 . But thoughit is very difficult to ex pand theabbreviationinany other way

is ex tremely doubtful in those papyri,and inany casemay be left out ofaccountinex plaining the 76111 whichoccurasadjacentareashereand in106 . I t is evenpossiblethat the 716171 of 106 . 10 was the land described indetailhereas the 8001811 1)76of Horus,Thoonisand Pausi ris, whichmayhave beenpartly to the southof Maron’

s land, partlybetween it and the land of M estasutmis, and somayhave beensomewhat differentlylocated inthe twodescriptions.

14. 1110817111100 7 06'

A17088m1011 : in106 . 10 3 170881114011 ; cf. 8 5 . 5 7 , whichrefers to the118177101heremeant.

1 5 .

'

A170880801p011 : cf. 84 . 1 2 11- 4, where the 1813790: of Apollodorus is plac ed ontheeast of 7 arourae belonging to Maron, which, we think, co d the second 00710711here. The third 0071117 11 consisted of the 3arourae 84 . 1 1 5 onthe westof the 186110: of Acusilaus sonof Asclepiades ; cf. l. 16here 0171781137 011 1 0 18171710800 11867101.106 . 1 2 givesacanalas the east 7 11mof the second 0417107111, but states that there were1101101 between, andmakes the of Polemonthe younger the north7 117 0111 of thethird. These differences inthe descriptions of the 007107181 1 in105 and 106are ,however,not suffic iently great to warrant the supposition that the land whichis the subjec t ofthe two leases ts di fferent, considering the numerous points of resemblanceand the fact thatineither case the three 00mm"appear tomake up the whole ofMaron’

8 18 137101 .1 8 . 511111 0171717107 01 : cf. 108 . 4, where the seed is provided by the lessor,and note

on61. (b)1 7.110m 111177110: was probably the crop chieflymeant ; cf. P. Amb. II .

1 5 . Sesame and castor-oil are less likely to be alluded to, for the governmentfix ed theamounts of these to be grown in eachnome (Rev. Laws, cols. 1x andthoughit is not knownhow the cultivationof these two crops wasassigned to ympyot’by the local officials, the governmentmusthave ex ercisedamore or less direct controlover it. The principal crops whichmight legi timatel be grownuponland 11 dmmipanare spec ifiedm106 .asas W e, 117101011 ,and 7 178 11. 70111 115 itappears that 4101161and410017801 were inthe same class ; cf. p. 564.

462 TE B TUN IS PA PYR I

aoyammi : the sentence isambiguous,and the 3artabaemay be for )«o'yw rwrialoneor for the «imaeparaand ).oyevmé combined. The order of the words is infavour of thesecond view,

and ).oycwmd is probably notaspec ial tax butageneral ex pressionfor thetax es leviedat the 671mbefore the produce wasavailable for divisionbetweenlandlordandtenant. The disputes whichmightarise inthis connex ionare illustrated by P. Petrie II .

a. apetitionfromthe ytmp‘

yof ofaultimo: complaining of the conduct of the cleruchBy the terms of the lease the landlord was responsible for the tax es,and was toreceivehisrentat the «no»:as soonas theaffirms was granted, i. e. the tax eswere paid tothe government(cf. note on 5 . 36

- 7) but be without waiting l. 1 1)had carried offhis rent,and

when the yw pyot'

entreatedhim‘to obtain the release of the remainder by paying the

dues to the collectors’

(l. (2) inl. 13and [koyevfia‘i s in l. 14)caused suchdelaythat all the remaining cornwas impounded by the officials, including the c

’mycn'mafaof the w pyot

'

or what legally belonged to themafter the claims of the governmentandthe landlord were satisfied (cf. note on27 . 65

28.

£7 61 8407 6k 8»“i

f “ : SC. Of the lease ; cf. 1. 23.

30. v 8» 86me’rri ro'

ran: the reference is toapossible continuance of the cultivationby Ptolemaeusafter the leasehad ex pired cf. ll. 50

—1 .

32 . d c 11:15am: cf. 50. 29and 7 2. 362 . anmight be read forme, but is not verylikely.

40. pe’

rpme'

éaxowzxm8p6pov : on this important passage whichex plains themeasure of. note on61. (5) 386. At Kerkeosirisanartabaon that standard contained42 choenices, so that the use ofapérpov éfaxoimou is quite natural. The zoux u

‘

iov wasthe shrine of Petesuchus ; cf. 88 . 4.

46. dpax pds rpwx dtt'as : cf. 109 . 1 5 , where 2000 drachmaeare paidas theactual price

ofanartabaof wheat by the bpdposmeasure,and 11. 16—7 . In224 the price ofanartabais only 720 drachmae, but theartabatheremaywellhave contained less than42 choenices.The ex planationof theabnormallyhighprice fix edhere is that it was to be exactedasapenalty for non-

paymentat the proper time (cf. the parallel stipulationin110. 8- 10,

where the price is also 3000 drachmae for anartaba, and P. Fay. Towns 1 1 .

under whichcircumstances it was customary to exact the fipwh’a. But the prices of wheatthroughout the papyri inthis volumeare verymuchhigher thanthose whichhave beeninferred fromthe Serapeumpapyri ; cf. p. 5 84.

48 . 381: 86n wpaxovj t : cf. P. Ox y. I I . 277 . 8- 1 1, where inl. 10 read flu-]oxoyeimt,and inl. I I 83 A1[omimrrjv “(Gammamr¢[o'

x 1116 011 : Cf. 7 2. 239 narcoxflpe'wov)apes q o'w upofiérmv.elmpopé v ishere used inageneral sense for irregular imposts. On the clothed

levied uponcleruchs cf. 124 . 35and 98 . introd.

5 1 . Perhaps rdxavat the end of the line the vestiges of lettersare very indistinct.53. Ttpém'paros : one of the witnesses (often,ashere, the firstmen

tioned) was regularly selectedas the keeper of the contract, who was not, as generallysupposed, agovernment ofiicial. This appears very clearly fromacornparisonof theinstances inwhichthe occurs incontracts ; see 104 . 4and 36, P. Amb.

II . 43. 16and 18 , P. Leyden0 (where in l. 3 o‘

Hpaxhu'

dqs‘

Epm'ou is to

be read, ‘and in l. 35 ‘

Hpaxkdbqs ‘

Epplov 3x 0 and especially P. Petrie I I. 47 . 33” (new (se. of the witnesses) o

-uyypaw éaag The procedure described in

P. Petrie I I . 2 1 . (d)(cf. whichgives the evidence ofaomparpocwxaewithregard toacontract entrusted tohimafterheand other witnesseshad signed it, was thus

This payms is republished by R evillout inhis M llangz: p. 273 withanumber of very inaptrestorations 3110 as [x oyffi laflag [of parfwfiatsand (marrow) in] 7 03 inII. 13—5 .

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464 7 5 3 1 11l PAPYR I

example of the frequent omissions inthe dates found uponpapyri— irregularitiewhichhaveasarule beentakenfar too seriously.

( E rovs) £8 ¢a6¢t (8 e’

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vHrohepaz’dt E depye'firdc)f or? Hpawot’rov vapoi i. e’

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7 69 émyovfis rbv [éjavro‘

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[rd grove e’

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106. CON TR A CTS 465

17 letters p verat rd éx ¢6pta6x whims. rd 8'

fpyami rrrar iis yfis

[xalroils xadriyrovras xwparwpobs xai norewporls émrehet’rmHrohepai'os Ka[r

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fror Kai dvarr]avoérmxar' i ror rd rpt’

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Zror

€x ¢6ptadr oddrm[Hrohepai‘os Mdpmm iv pqvimaflmév rfimmawop ivmxa’am) of:

dv Mdpov15 letters x 9} Myov pérpau raTu 1rpos rd éy rq

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[rail toai’rrfir w tet’

ov. édv 83 p t) drrodéit 0N o’

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[rmHrohepa'ios M ripom ge'

por r iis yfis

]s xai rti‘w éx dopf[ow ]v r tphvl d xoo't Kai

Onthe verso[M ]dpawos idrroM om’ov

35 [Hropepat'ov

4. 1. 0rd: Odadc'hdnv. 16. 1. (£ e dumoM yov.

l. q <0>6t or fipax iit ?

9- 13. Onthe differences betweenthis passage and the corresponding description

of the three com: in105 cf. notes on105 . 13—5.

22. Cf.note on106 . 24.

24. The talent paidhere by the lessor for the 3p~y¢ resembles the 4} talents contributedby Horion for the x cpooxmrfain105 . 20. Of that sum2} talents were paid at once,the remainingatalents being payable intwo yearly instalments, so that if the provisionsof the leasehad been fulfilled Ptolemaeushad received the wholeamount before the14thyear began. Whether this talent paid by Maronrepresents the second instalmentor isafreshgrant is uncertain.

466 TEB re s PAPYR I

107 . LEASE or LAND.

23-15 . 30-8 x cm. B. C. u z .

Agreement foralease fromPtolemaeus son of M eniscus to M enchesof 10arourae of grass- land ready sown,atarent of 5 artabae of wheat perntourn.

This Ptolemaeushad succeeded to the xAiipos ofhis father M eniscus son

ofPtolemaeus, whohad beenanephodusand becameacleruchinthe 34thyearof E uergetes I I ; cf. 81. (a) 44 , 82. 15 2. The Khfipos, inwhichthe landhereleased was, contained 24arourae ;and ithad become xarox tpos owing to thefailure of M eniscus to pay themfpavos ; cf. 81. (6) 256, 64 . (6) 7. In7 5 . 12

the komogrammateus M enchesappearsas guarantor of theartabatax onbehalfof Ptolemaeus,and it is not improbable that M enches the lessee inthe presentpapyrus isalso the komogrammateus ; buthemay of course be ordinary

3.

Hrohepaios M evt’

ox ov M ryx e? xafpew. dpokoyéi

pepmdaox évat o'ot rds‘ {mapxorio'as év ra‘Brxhfipou you x 6prov aiporipas 861m[[ els' rd]émdapyk’vas et

’

s' rd 5 (Zros) éx gbopfov éx éo

5 rv)[s] dpofipasmlpoii nine, dior’

chm1rvpo0 dprdfias wew rix ovra, Kai o'vvxmpéi r iit [uo'do'waKai Befiato'm'oxKai of? édvmadden

lppaoo'o. (Zrovs) s"

21.0[0p

2 . Second 6 of peptcOoomcorr. froma.Ptolemaeus sonof M eniscus to M enches, greeting. I acknowledge Ihave

leased to you 10arourae of grass- land belonging tome inmyholding, sownfor theothyear,at the rent of 5 artabae of wheat for eacharoura,makingatotal of 50artabaeofwheat and Iagree to the lease,and willguarantee it toyouand towhomever you loosethe land. Good-bye. The othyear, Athur

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468 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

109 . SALE or WHEAT.

2 : xno cm. D. C. 93.

A contract by whichDionysiusandhis wife A thenaisagree to sell 3artabaeof wheat by the dromosmeasure to Petesuchus,and acknowledge the receiptof the price, 2000 capper drachmae for eachartaba,making I talent. Thewheat was to be delivered inPauni, sixmonthsafter the date of the contract,and the formulaof the latter part of the document corresponds to that foundinloans.

The papyrus is inabad condition,and the inkhas inparts faded con

siderably, so that the small cursive writing is very difficult to decipher.(”

E r-our) xfi Kalax 0. éfléddvro) A tonKo-cor) 89ml Her

-

[ooi wfl9 6mm7 00 xal Gai t/(cos)

176000119) éfltyovfis) Kai at’rrofi Mm» Zerxvais) 7) xai Heepgqfldcs)for

“

) xalUpgomitt-tor) Hem-(Imp) [4nd x v(pfov) 7 09 A tow (o

'fov) dt p‘

) are?yeyflappévov) (flvpofi) y r igi n (dpréfiqr) éxdq )atx oii) (dpaxnds) ’

B 25 letters

5 20 letters Zyyv(or) M yypa¢o¢6ha£nA tomic-tor.Bamhcqowor] Hrohepafov 7 00 e

’

n Zhefévdpov0606 di thopriropor rave} frovr devre'pov xai circa-f oil 颒

iepe'ms

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‘

rfov b drmX ofax iv] flepx ew fpu rfis

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pts Oéqwor 7 00 xai Oqi ygog 7 179 émyovfisKai aah-00 yum): Hawai i: 7) Kai Hdepgqfidggg 7 00 xai Hpea'pvir tos Hepo

'fvm{are x vpfov A tov[vo'fov rot) élvdpbr Kai wpoyeypamuérov

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dtd x epbs if alx ov. drrod6r¢wav 83 A conimos xal q valr Herea'otix

109. CON TRA CTS

roi'

r new] adroi} e’hnovi Haik u roii dev‘

répov Kai elx oa'rofl€r[o]usnupou ue

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-

[1'

j t 7rpo]yeypapp £ymxaipnt Zoux tefov perprjaaducafatxaflamfijoaw er gfs‘ r r

‘

wadr ipr -1rpbs H[e]rw ofix ov fair Idfors'civqlta’mao'w. e

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oi [Hereo'orfxam 5 Ti lly)"

[fibuohfam‘

éyyuoc &hhrjlqew 24 letters

[ud]rai of npoycypappe’yor. 1) [88 npafrr form] Hereaorixm7 63:

[26 letters “k“? if évbr Kai[éx cfa'rov at’nfiu Kai if 055] g

’

dy g ipiir g t xai[e

’

x réiy t'm'apx évrwv at'rroi'r flévrmv xaddwkp £7 86019.

30 letters

32 A tov60 t05‘

[ 32

Onthe verso

A tgvvafov Acgvvaf[ov[xafi r ijr yvfiatx bs) G e

'awor x

35 Hdnvafdos

In the reignof Ptolemy sumamed Alexander, the god Philometor, theand year,the priest of Alexanderand the rest beingas writtenat Alexandria, the 9thof themonthPeritius whichis the 9thof Choiak, at Kerkeosiris in the divisionof Polemonof theArsinoite nome. Dionysius also called Petosiris, son of Theonalso called Thonis,Persian of the Epigone, andhis wife Athenais also called A thermouthis, daughter of

Apollonius also called Pres . relis, Persian, withher guardianDionysiusherhusband, theaforesaid, have sold to Petesuchus son of Marres, Arsinoite, three artabae of wheatat the price of 2000 drachmae of c0pper for eachartaba, the whole price ofartabae being one talent of copper coin; whichsumtheaforesaidhave received fromPetesuchus forthwithfromhand tohand out ofhishouse. Dionysius and Athenaisshall pay Petesuchus orhis agents in themonthof Pauni of the and year inwheatthat is new, pure,and unadulterated inany way, by the six - choenixmeasure of the dromosof the temple of Suchus at theaforesaid village by justmeasurement, delivering it toPetesuchusat the said villageat their ownex pense ; or if they fail to pay itas stated,theaforesaid shall forfeit to Petesuchus oneandahalf times its value. Theaforesaidare themselves sureties to eachother Petesuchus shallhave the right of ex ecutionupon (the sellers), uponone or eachor whicheverhe choosesand uponall theiras if inaccordance withalegal decision.

’

25 . 2000 drachmae as the price ofanartabaof wheat is ratherhigh, thoughin

470 TE B TUN IS PA PYR I

penalties the pri ce was sometimes fix edashighas 3000 drachmae ; cf. 106 . 46, note.

But the circumstances of this contract were probablyabnormal.25 . The lacunamay be filled up ontheanalogy of P. Grenf. I I. 18. 19 M N ”

cl: &rww rawM n):

3 x . Acorn'mws : probably the ovyypaM rlkaé ; cf. 1. 5and note on105 . 53.

110. LOAN or WHE AT .

224 x cm. a. c. 93 or 59.

Anacknowledgementaddressed to Hermias also called E rgeus by Petesuchusalso.called Peteuris ofaloanof 24;artabae of wheat, to be returnedas usual inPauni. The bond is very likely the renewal ofaprevious loanof artabae whichhad not been repaid ; cf. note on1. 5 . The papyrusis written inacoarse semi- unc ialhand by avery illiterate scribe, who isparticularly careless withregard to the divisionof words between two lines.The 22nd year inthe date refers to Ptolemy A lexander or toN eos Dionysus .

The two solider composing the sheethave been incorrectly joined, the firsthaving the verso uppermost.Heb

-

]cc-ofixos 0

'ml Here0p¢ {o} s~ Zekefiofiror

7 179 émyovfis '

E ppfg f f) ital ’

E p

7 ? Herea'orfx ov xafpew. dyokayé fx ew

napea'ofi flvpéiv ti p-reifles el

'

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619 K(epx)eva'fpw 1161'

q 8p6pou.

do JR] 141) drrodéi G'

Ot info!» 004 r} wapaxpfipamy? ”aria-“ms dpréfifla} ? xaMrofi 8pax pw‘wrpwx dtfas r) “nlw £00,46q ”Ma-(mv) r tpbv x

al [éhrfrquov clpyvpfou émmfipov dpax pfiséflrflx owaKai rb Bkéfios Kai £ 19 7 6 Bu ckaroo r

6 icon. 7) x eip fills x vpfaZero wavrax r'i ém¢epo~I

pew).

fppoo'o. grove KB Mex e2p x y.

Onthe versoone or two words of demotic.4. Firstaof trapacorr. fromc. l. f fooapar. to. l. rpwxd lar.

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472 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

Harbechis sonOf Ergeus toApolloniusand Heraclides, sitologi for the granaryatTheogonis. Iacknowledge that Ihave received fromyou fromthe store inyourhands theloan Of fifteenartabae Of wheat, total 15 artabae of wheat, by the 6- choenixmeasureofKerkeosiris, whichamount I willmeasure out toyou by Pauni 30,and if I fail todo so

I willmeasurehalfasmuchagain. The 54thyear, Pauni3. c

’

pyaarfiptov : Cf. 89. 7 1 .

5 . x upwpoiimustherehave aconcrete sense, the store collected or administeredby the sitologi asimilarmeaning is perhaps tobe recognized inP. Cairo 10256 f or} :

x rpw'

pot‘

r)7 6» for? v (irons) (of Euergetes I I)atrohéyovhammwfiyrdt] dcw f or?

v3 (havel x . Euergetes I I died onPauni n ofhis 54thyearaccording toahieroglyphic

inscriptioninthe temple Of Edfu cf. Strack, Dyna/12, p. The papyrus was thereforewrittenaweekafter the king’

s deat but the dating is still byhis regnal year. Cf.Wilcken,Orr. I I . no. 756, where the same date, Pauni 18 Of the s4thyear, occurs inanostraconfromHermonthis.

I X . ACCOUNTS .

112. ACCOUNT OF THE KOMOGRAM M ATEUS.

Height 31 cm. D.C. u s .

Theaccounts published inthe present volume for themost part fall into twomainclasses, the first, whichincludes 112—9,185 , 198 , 212

- 8,221

,225and 25 6 ,

belonging to the M enches group, while the second consists of first century B .C.

papyri , e. g. 120- 2. The individual documents ineither groupare generallywritten invery similarhands, thoughwehesitate to identify themex cept inafew cases,andaremore or less closely connected ,as is shownby the frequentrecurrence of the same persons. N O class Of Ptolemaic documents ismoredifli cult to interpret thanthese privatememoranda, fullas theyare Ofabbreviationsand new words or ex pressions ;and few Of the following tex ts fail tosupplyanumber Of puz z les Of whichthe solutioncanonly be found by the discoveryof newmaterial.

112 isalongaccount of receipts and ex penditure fromM echeir 6 to

Phamenoth6 inthe fifthyear of Soter I I ,and was probably writtenby somemember Of M enches’household,ifnot by the komogrammateushimself, towhose

112. ACCOUN TS 473

office the x petamentioned intheheadings of 212and 225most likely refers. Thereceipts for eachday , whichare generally introduced by the word npooyeKvovrat)and stated tohave beentakenfromapuipcrmor or &yyeiov,are first given,and theseare followed by the items Of ex penditure, whichare thensubtracted , the balancebeing carried onto the nex t day. The outgoingsare Ofavery varied description,including payments for food ofall kindsand other personal ex penses, suchasbaths, writing-material, doctor’

s and barber’

s fees,&C.

,as wellas for purposesmore or less closely connected withthe offic ial positionof the writer. Someuseful informationwithregard toprices is givenwhile the references tovariousoffi cialshave several points of interest, introducrnganumber of titlesheld bypersons inattendance, e. g. the fiyofipwos, eloayyehais ( ‘ usher inwroltoypddaos,npox etpoypdcpos, dpx tpdx tpwrand pdx tpm. Conversions of silver into copperat theratios of and 1 :487i are found inll. 1 1 1 and 122 ; cf. note

,and

A pp. 11.

We give the tex t of the first five columns, whichare nearly complete. The

remaining eightare for themost part badly preserved and cons ist largely ofrepetitions of the preceding entries. The following ex tracts fromCols. vi—x u i

are worthquoting onaccount of their new features ’

q pp t 16 : napciroii fiym/(plvov) ( is rdmrrd( x tov)mdd] '

Eppfov rratba(ymy06 bid

(2) x t rie v t, (3) dd)’

(Ev (sc . 4885 dr.) upooépcrat '

Epp.lasbta( x e)xapf00at int rfit x , (4) Gem“0v (péi t) xe ovs)2 , (5)

"

p tmlEmorfxw[t] eiodbaw A, (6)mlnerd Ad(yov)donor! v ¥A(afov)o, (7)napdnipns (bpaxptalP)5 20, (8)3ptfit( t

, (9) fmoyp(akfr) fiyovwvou) v, (10)Btfik tooflxax t)2, ( I !)&pnohfas (cf. 121. 78)ru, (1 2) (powwow)e, (13)oiv(ov) rfit x0xal ff} A ( Is Ocpamf(av)e, (14)M enu? x , (15)Ivoutlov p, (16)lptydvov (l. dpty.)c, ( I 7)

“éAu-or x

, (18)dpfa-rou aim ’

A0n( x, (19) ohm: b' (i . e. i cotyle, cf.

1. 36 note).

rte, (20)o'

retpflvwlpat (cf. 118 . (2 1)nhandfi)autoii) (22)Awrfiv o,

(23)e vents)bfpsahfm)Col. i.

£ 35 1

E raur e M ex eip er. Adyar rot} dvrfiaiparor) i rri r iis xara¢v(in? 7 06 rpm-7 6pm! nfathafou Vt

,68a(ros) e, x 6prov f,

(Khan) 1,

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Now 619 drroorohfiv M ovoafwt pf,Kai et

'

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541011

474 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

x pripfirxs) r, r, Naiov)are,to d1m( evox raLr], Ki rov r,

68a(7 09) e, 0pf8a(x 09) e, pke, X9"

r, Opofaw e, x epriorov) day/rant) fi x oqarkriov)are,x vprfvov e, &(afov) we, Bo(Jtavei) r, Kilroy x ,

Iarpéiv r, 0pf8a(x or) x qpoii v, 2'

s.

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)’

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Aax domw) re, é£e( re, éMar'ou) we, ‘Hpa( x pflw s) pare,Be(kavci) r

, Grandpa” : e, 217 .

1 . pox u p above the line. 7 . l. Roprn'

ov. 8. before v overanerasure.

1. soin11. 47 , 73, 95 . 14. l. larpé‘

n. 1 7 . o of po¢am(v)oort .

Col. ll.

duridov x 6prov pk ,

larpc‘i r x ,

x é7 ep'

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7 r(;r69) dpvroas Awards 5 07 6Mova'at'wr elaayyekei Bo(arltrx ofi)EB¢K]]

’

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as alw elx er éy M yov 3123's

Kai rrpocq x ev ex 7 00 papafbrov) ’

B

[EBBT'

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ve, M ural 7M .

rrpoa'ye owar) b: 7 00ari7 00 papaeov)one 7 00 (7altév7w)a’

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[0]i'

v0v q'

re, éMalov) vs, 0p 09) e,

péhavor r, pn'

e.

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476 7 153 7 0s PAPYR I

43. e of «09 rewritten. 46. cafterouncorr. from0. 48—56. These lines overanerasure.

Col. iv.

Aourai x A[e.

7 6v’

Ha{r [’

B 7 ,'

B tpAe. I &mKAwpé7 09)

v]a6o flopefiaw) v[.Ia7 p6 ¢ v, Opolaw .]e( r,

Ae uro evr’

épfcrrov’

B 7 7r. M Aépa7 09)§A(alw) 0, fi4Aavei) e, eev( 1, { <0p 1, x 60pa(9) A,

pt e.

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Kai 1rap8 K ’

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Zp¢a60er pax tbum) 7 owoyp(appa7 e'm9) el9 xapflTwe19 dwarrAflpoa'w -

xa(Ax 00) (7aAdv7 0v)a’

3 2,

7 019 wapé 709 Mappelov9 KamM[G je

'mmm2H7 0Aepal0n 64310)amxa7a¢v(&07 e paxatporpdomc)€A( ka7a¢u( )S .

671-(3p)He7 e0'

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9 &vawMflpw w) x 4Ax 06) (8pax p6v)342 4mm(plov) (8pa) 8 2 ;

w mAdm 21176AA4v09) 176(Aew9) 0104800179) 8ov 9)

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I M 0119) X .

17 , 3009’

E 00x .

e, 6847 09) e,

’

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112. A CCOUNTS

fi4Aavei) e, o fn9 e, Bax x r'

ou 2 ,

95 e, Gpofaw e, yuaqfie? r, 774 p , 70.

70and 79. l. 01 for far. 73. gb of (bf corr. fromf. 7 7 .¢p¢aq¢mcorr. from 84. anof 177 e e corr. fromou .

Col. v.

5 or 6 lines lost.

02

17 8 (7aAci v7 0w) y (rdAawov)

éAau'ov re, fi4Aavef) e,

Gap/1060: E , 2x ,’

ATO,

Aoma?mo.

rf. rrpoayeQr/ovrat) frami Hopeye’fietos‘02,0p 1011) (8pax pal) tfi x 02 er

’

9 7 4pm!) dAAcn(v) [71]"I’m,xa? rrape‘z Aqynrpfov ‘

E pp ‘

l’

ov

(7aAc 7mv) B (wiAavrov)a'

E rp,

4 101140 1201)o varAdou pax fguwr) ey80( 9,

05481) co'

4 ,

(7 02Aaw 0v)a'

p , xal r’a7 p63t po,

477

478 TBE TUNIS PAPYRI

eA(afov) 0, pr , £6(o ) e, 7 qe,

1 25 (7 dAav7 0v)a’

B¢pe, 64101; p , (7 éAaV7 0v)aAow'ai (7 0001117 011)aHrpqe, dvo

'

61r( (7 éAawov)a’

E x [

1 10. aofW m)corr. fromp. 1 1 2. 1.al form. 1 25 . c4m71 overanerasure.

1 .’

D£ preceded by the sign for subtractionlooks like the balance fromapreviousaccount, but inl. 1 5 , wherearemainder of 1005 dr. is reached, it is implied that thepreceding balance was 1905 dr.

2 .ma¢u( cf. ll. 60, 83-

4,and 118 . 2.

3. £771 7 06 rpm-16pm: occurs onthe of 121 (cf. p. and elr 7 8mic -report in208 .

p rdpw occursasavillage-name inB. G . U. 802. ii. 8 .

5 . pf : the itemsmake 150. M istakes ofarithmeticare commoninthisaccount ; e. g.

inl. 37 185 should be 145 , inl. 95 390 should be 330and inl. 1 26 1995 should be 1985 ,

and cf. note onll. 40-

50.

7 . x dpo'

eov or x6pmov was the root of the lotus.

1 2 . x ed M v) for x epdpov cf. 18 8 . What 3 refers to is not clear. The fractionhas no influence uponthe total inl. 14.°The i paid for water inl. 18 is similarly ignored

inthe following total.13. cf. 117 . 23, where BaAav't' is writtenout.18. 6641

-

008 : cf. 1. 1 2, note. Ordinarily 5 drachmaeare paid for water, this beingprobably the price ofax epdptov cf. P. Brit. M us. 30. 22.

19. The word following 7 6 11 is not papoi(1mv). could be read.35 . 25 dr. or less is inthis papyrus the usual price of one loaf of bread ; cf. 11. 16,

1and 59.5

Mam: [7 ]vp06might be read, but 20 dr. are paid for pépou inone of the latercolumns,and 7 07062 is regularly found elsewhere inthis papyrus.

36. [ofivw q’

: sc. ofamum; cf. 218 ,where the price ofa«07 6A»; is 80 drachmae,and

117 . 22, note. I t is natural that inthese papyri the smallamounts of wineare relativelymuchdearer thanthe larger. Thehighest price ofax 069 of wine is 800 drachmae (17 9 ,

2400 dr. for 3 choes) instances of lower pricesare found in100 ( 1800 dr. for 3 choes),224 (2 100 for 118 . 2and 9 (2000 for 6 and 121. 7 2 (Boo for 3)whichis the smallest.The value ofax epépmranges from4000 r. (268)to 1 280 (120. intermediate pricesbeing found in118 . 16 ( 2000 dr. for 1 u p), 120. 62 (5 200 for 107 ( 1980 for r), 128 . 2

(3000 for 181 2300 for 17 7 ( 2400and 2300 for r), 18 8 (3000 for 200 ( 28or 284 (5600 or It is clear that the price ofwine varied considerablyaccording toageand quality, but the prices for x epdptaare rather deceptive, for ex cept inthe case of118 . 16, where the «d inquestionseems tohave contained six choes, the number ofchoes inanepdp cov is uncertain.

40—50. Theamount takenfromthe purse has not beenfilled in. A sumof 650 ( i t .has to beadded to the total of the receipts inl. 44 inorder to bring out the correct

remainder inl. 50. The way inwhichthe totals inthis section (whichhas beenlargelyrewritten)are reached is not clear. 1 5 45 inl. 50 is 800 short of the sumof the itemsin11. 45 sqq. Probably 00 is to be supplied either inthe lacunabefore v inl. 45 orafterpaxat'pqs, whichas it stands is difficult.

48. 360 dr. is of course onlyapart payment forasilver stater ; 380moreareaccounted for inl. 59, 260 inl. 64 (cf. note)and 200 inl. 88, the final payment inl. 105

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480 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

dyp(é¢ow)’

A ,

pe7 emyp(a¢ii9) (emapoti pou)a14 , [In]5 a’

B ,

rrpaypa7 efa9 dAo (emapotfpov) x 4Ax 00) (8pax pai) ’

A

x 4Ax 0ii) (7 dAa1/7 0v)a(8pax pal) ’

E .

dd)’

(36 fx et M ex elp x e

Mapatigt yp(appa7 e?) 7 orroyp(appa7 e’m9) 7 ,

Me’

Aam87401009 000,

f ox /nine: 1381030016 1’

Ap,

Mexit? ar

e’

v kpox o(8eiA0w) 1r6(Aet)ai pyv(pf0v) (8paxpai) 1) T 7),

81’ 'flp0v 7 00 d8eA(¢06) q

x 4Ax 06) (7 éAav7 0v)aT '

Z'

0.

Aowai x 4Ax 06) (8paxpai)DN A.

4. 17 of permtyp(a¢q9)corr. 16 . First 1 ofAamot rewritten.

2 . W 43. cf. 112. 104, note.

6. Cf. 112. 1 10.

10 67101009means that M lAa9 was alsoa7 710717107 209 rot oypappare'u r,as is ex presslystated in

114 . AccovN '

r or PAYM ENTS 111 Kwo.

23-30. 294 x 198 an. ac. 1 1 1 .

The first columnofanaccount concerning payments inkind , writtenontheversoofapartially efl'aced offic ial list of similar payments by érrrdpovpot 116x 420;(cf. Possibly theaccount onthe recto, of whichthe beginnings of linesofasecond columnare preserved, shouldalso be includedamong the officialdocuments andattributed to the same classas e. g. 90and 91. It differshowever fromthoseaccounts incomprising ex penditureas wellas receipts ;andthe itemfor bread inline 15 ismore inkeep ing withaprivate document.

”

E 7au9 s" '

E 17el¢ e.

1rap8 Ka7 67 109 airrb x 88'

x ,

7 27109 KOAA0600v 4 1086000) 7 ,

115 . ACCOUNTS 481

Kr x 02 7 8 ev8e( o7 e¢4y 7 131 r e

5 x et(p10710i}) A0(t1rai)x p15(0v9) (&p7 0B6w) x (1rvp017) t

x 02 1i 1ro¢0(péi 9) 8, if, Af8'

.

A tovvo'faot et'

9 7 89 115 1 .

‘

Apx t’

Nt 19 B.

7 8 2011x 5011

q . 4 101050 109 v pfx ov B.

’

EBe'

V0u'

EB€v0v e19 7 89 iv

flapd K6118011109 (rrvpoii) 8,34360011157 01) (17 1171017) 7 ,

1 5 (dpréBat) et’

s dp7 0v9 a,[A]0trral e

’

v Sovx efmt q ,[20x ]veB7 6met

’

9 7 8 kphy.

2 . The figures 1188 are smudged, particularly the two last whichit was perhapsintended toerase.

4. we.may be read inplace of we. the interpretationis obscure ineither case.

5 . cf. 111. 5 . Inone of the new Petrie papyri the word occurs intheabbreviated form,ashere, inconnex ionwithvariousamounts of wheat. cf. 115 .

2 2)or ” 101107 11106, of. 121. 49)arealsopossible.

7 . 1cisamistake for 18,the being probably due to the following MU, whichis the

correct sumof 18and the 08 inl. 5 .

8. This line states whathad beendone withthe 37} artabaeand is parallel to ll. 10and 12. With7 69 supply 81717 6501 .

115 . ACCOUN T OF R EN '

rs.

30 7 x 1 7-7 1711. 1 1 5-

3.

The followingaccount dealing withthe rents ofafarmof 1 7arourae duringthree successive years throws some interesting light uponthe systemof rotationof crops cf. 61 (0)385 -

7 , note, 105 . 23, A pp. i. 95 . Inthe first of these years, thesecond of Soter I I , 13arourae were sownwithwheat, 2 with00x 69and 2 with‘rfiAts. Of the 13arourae 8 whichare called 011011067107 0are leasedatamuchhigher rate than5 whichare describedas eatxaAdpeta. The contrast betweend atto9and 01101100710 is familiar fromleases of the Romanperiod (cf. Wilcken,A rc/ti t), I . p . 15 7and P. Amb. I I . 89. 4 and the ex planationof thehigher rentfor the 011011067107 0 (cf. 61. (a)385)is that these 8arouraehad inthe preceding

I i

482 TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

year (i . e. the 54thof E uergetes I I whichthe rst of Soter I I)beensownwithlight crops, while the 5 of émxaAdpetahad beensownwithwheatand thereforenow commandedalower rent. In

.the 54thyear thennearlyhalf the farmhad

been311 811011067107 1 (cf. 106 . 23 811011060“ 7 8 but inthe z ud year of Soter I Ionly 4 out of the 1 7arourae were sownwithlight crops, either lentils or rfiA19.

Inthe following grd year these 4arourae were sownwithwheatatahighrent,while 6arourae wereagain sownwithwheat butatalower rent, the remaining7 arourae being sownwithbeans, i. e. 311 01101 0157107 1. Inthe 4thyear these 7arourae were sownwithwheatatahighrent,and of the land sownwithwheatinthe grd year 4arourae wereagainsownwithwheatatalower rent, while 6were sownwithlight crops, in this case 67101109and lentils. This view of the611011067007 0 and émxahdnetain the papyrus, that they refer to the conditionof

the land inthepreceding , not to that in the current year, providesasatisfactoryex planationof the figures dealing withthe sowing of cropsand payment of therents

,but thereare several doubtful points inthe yearlyaccounts inserted con

cerning the dispositionof the rents received. The bulk of themwas paid intothe BaotAtx dv, fromwhichitmight be inferred that the land inquestionwas78000111115, but thereare outgoings for priests, carriers,and others,and the rentsarehigher thanthose found in60- 70 (cf. A pp. i. 9 while neither the pos it ionof the writer of theaccount nor that of Horus, to whomit is rendered, is clear.

The firsthand is the rude unc ialofanunpractised scribeandmistakes of spellingare frequent.

”

E rau9 B, 17p09 l ov Adyov.

dpovpéiv tf,

011017067107 0 17 dva171. ‘

(1rvp06)e’

1re1xaAépe10 e ci t/d e x e,

5 €x ¢6p1v (fi vpofi) q'

y.

Hafivr pe7 p1'

i0'at e1

’

9 7 b B001A1(x 0v) f1102

‘HA1080’

1p91 (1rvp0ii) A, vw7 0¢6p019 (17 117106) y' ai

80x 69 e1’

9 1rpdo'

1v L ,

7 8 17611 qaLy'

.

o eaB6v819 0e06 y ii9 drd‘

lravpaW 017 dp06p09 B (i t'd e ¢ax 0(6) 1,

7 6A17 B civc‘

z e 1. 7 06 B erau9 A6y09.7 06 7 37 049) A6y09. 8178 cipovpaw 16

¢001§A0v{ 9 1 } A0(11ral) 0176p09 (171111631) 1, l

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484 7 5 3 7 11s PAPYR I

116 . ACCOUN T .

23-26, verso. 296 x 42-2 7 111. Late second centurya. c.

Part ofanaccount of receiptsand ex penditure, including payments bothinmoneyand inkind ,among the latter being fleecesand weavingmaterial (cf. 117)besides the usual items of corn. Copperand silver interchangeataratio of460 : I (cf.A pp. i i);and the price ofwheat is given(1. I )as 1000 copper drachmaefor theartaba,as in112. 5 8. Anartabaof 001169 is pricedat 600 drachmae(l. its valueas compared withwheat thus being the sameas that of barley(cf. 61. (b)258,note). But cf. 8 9 . 29, note, 122 introd .and p . 560 .

Theaccount is writtenonthe versoofalist inseveral columns of vary ingamounts inkind paid by ewrdpovpotmix tpot or leptiand entered und erthe days of themonth; cf. 98and the introductionto that papyrus. Inafewcases (11111011) (a’prda)or (11mm)(dprda)«177 011067101»or (1111 1011) (0

’

p7 dB49)(8117 0

4106710 1)X oonimos)is prefix ed to thename of the personmaking the payment.Col. i.

1102 rrapd 3170116109 (érrrapoflpov)&118 7 101179)(rrvpofi) (dpraBéiv) e

’

A’

E’

A ,

x 45“

, H7 0Ae1101'

011 H7 0(Ae;10f0v) 7 101579) 061111011’

A¢,

Kain 7 10159) dpyv(pf011) (8pax 116311) 8 340171 , ’

P7 ,a,A0(11rai)

trapd X OA67 199 (17 111106)aL ([J4x 06) y , I

3171171111q 1] 116114 1109) 1141106) 0, A0(11ml)B,&178 7 06 (17 117106) rte dp7 0v9 (&pfla)a.

M tx fawt e19 117 5707 0119 L,1102&178 7 179 i t! 7 61 2011x440 1) 110110179) L,1102 £11 7 06 N11141107009) x A1§(pov) rrap’

x 6p7 011

nape He7 0¢rfp109 He7 e0'

06x ov v o ) Xv,x ‘. rrapd 7 06 047 06) 87106109 211, vq,mxv) 512A 31401, I

41070611017 09) 81’ ‘

E ppfov 4707 0111 x ob tx 09)a17 ,11,

t

ApAv Ort Z, 7 0v [1,

7 71, A0(11101)317 17 .

dwO’

0'1(v) G4

’

AvA.

[rrap]0 9 1117 61001 drro8p4 (dp7 éB179) L ,

116. A CCOUN TS 4115

Col. 11.

20 150? rrapé K6 7 09 pe7 0B6A0v3 ésxmmwhat‘ s) d1n/ti ps? ) (Spaxsfiv) 8 [3 0111]

rrap’ ".Opau Herex 63(v7 09) e

’

pfaw 1760101)B,

” do/dd) relélrzxf)00711 8017411179) 01311 0f9 3x 0

e19 7& 17107 10 7 631 17018m07 60101109) 07 48pf0) y, x p6x 1)(9) e, dA(A)01 1141601179) e,

1102 .]011108e1 1111601179) 0'

7 48pf0) e,

1102 069 [41e rrap’

7 2pm} 17601009) 50

'

7 48pf0) 1, 0'

7 48p1'

0) te.

11.

B epe(mx f81)‘ 170p0Hayx pdmvdrrd 7 10159) (&p7 0Béiv) y B d40)

’

Ap’

B2.

0611 019 ex et‘

E ppf(09)'

AvA’

PxA.

7 10159) 1871010111 B cop ,

dp7 0w B p ,

‘l00110 111; dpt

'afl'ov 1, ow,

roq, 2271, A0(11703)’

BvA. Ex p]![111 7 171 110501171) 11, 37 1 A0(11702)

’

B 7 7r,

97 e1¢0( el9 TeBemv) pf, ’

Ba1q,e’

Aafov 17 0011844 011) 8' e, pt,

7 0v p , papddpov 1,

A0(1170i)’

B 7 A.

e19 TeBr iKmv) pg047 171) eAafov A (8p0xp02) p, Sf.

I s M tn -l - u i M/ Bw / l fll1. 317 x 171“. 3 4.atp Int. 25 . 2 7 . l. 07 1)(p0v09)inplace of the first

38. I Over TWAwhich18 erased. 38-

9. A longhorizontal stroke is drawn'

betweenthese twolines. 42 .

’

B7 A overanerasure. 45 Ai r overanerasure.

0486 7 5 3 7 11s PAPYR I

Col. i i i.

x 027rap’

fAvepfle'

009 8118 3110117 954 x 017) (0p7 0Bé'

w)ay' A48)x (8p0x pai)01, 7 8 (11611)

E (70A0v7 0v) 0 (8p0xp01) 01

'

.Dp1'

00myep81'011 g, v¢e1(

1 11mm») 1 nu,K€1(7 1)pe7 0(B6A011) 7 10189) dpyu(pf011) (8p0xp6w) 8

’

Aa>p ,'

B 17 , A0(11rai) {Pt/15 , [ai vd’

eu( 111 170p9('

'

P,

e’

v‘

E ppfp 7 11 17 0 11, vA,’

TvA.

B. rrpoa-yef(v0v7 01) H00e1801(vfov)B pi5 { N 11141101109) B px ,

2111

0'

7 48p1'

0) p11 01, rpm

’

Px 0, 01070037107 09)

Inthe righthandmargin, opposite II. 29—30.

5 0114 17 10 111) x 02"Hp01(i11) x 02 vt

'éi t

p0x 1'

(p019)B401A1x 017) yp(0pp07 e'

009) e’

v 7 0(i'

9)B401Ae'

019)eA(01

'

0v) 11 1954810 11) 7 , 7 11.

Opposite ll. 37—40.

efvatT

'

qw

5 1 . Tux overanerasure. 5 3. This line overanerasure.5 . Thenumeralhasnot beenfilled in; cf. 1. 49.

1 8. ci ( the'meabbreviationoccurs inl. 5 1.

23. 177 0674011hereand in117 denotesadefiniteamount ofmaterial,and

is distinguished as 01 13710101 or 117061011 accordingas it was designed for the woof or thewarp of the clothtobe woven. In117and 211 07 004110 is usually preceded

26—7 . E ither 117161073) e inl. 26 is amistake for 117161141) 0, or g

' in l. 27 should34. this word seems to be new. The following Bmakes it impossible to

,

divide the letters 18 76016111.

36-

42 . Thearithmetic of these lines is very confused. Theyare closer together thanusualand some of themmay be subsequent insertions ; several of the figuresalsohavebeenaltered oradded later. In I. 37 the total 71271 is the sumof 119and the figure 7 1»

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488.7 153 t s PAPYR I

parts of the same document,the two papyri belong toasingle series,and were

writtenby the same person.

Col. i.

]g ixet TameBn‘

Jms (flvpofi)dtd

‘Hpax ltéawos Me'

ltavo(s) 7 101179) (7rvpoi?) (aip7 éq )a2x 17 , 1

5 i1ra7 pi adrfis PK:

0130)q tx éit)

/’

A¢V px .

dpofms dtd ‘Hpax ke’mvos (1rupoti) Bdvd

’

Ax'

17'

P7 £, xai ds' fx etv c’

v oi’x tp

7 104179) (mfpot‘i) y' 955, Kai dub 7 ii(s)arxfi '

is‘) (dp7 dB17s) pk.

7 b (1rr'

i v)atx o?) ’

AV, 8a(7rdm7r)Aaxflvaw) e, xd t ) e, 0pfda( xos) e, BaAar/ i e, re,

7 3? [1117 /i i e, aqov t, aarbs)Aaxflmv) e,

HOG/the? 01x o(v6pmt) é. taAqx t ov) éhafov Xv.7 0, Aa(t1ral)T X” , 1

3pmwad/dd q'

L 7 6’

B7 ;1, A0(t1rai)to£19 1rp8(o

'w) 81’

M 7 06) (w pofi) aq' Xvatx oii)7 6 (min) ’

Pao,a,

ao oqbvpfdos pé,Jprv

‘

yos' B [1,

oft/av as Mppd x ov) 8' x ,

Bahavi3 5 cu bs

7 16 , A0(mat‘) '

P¢k s, 1

3pm07a(0pt'a) 7 LAdam?)5pmwaolu'a5" data76 ’

Bp£ ,

117 . A CCOUN TS

A0(t1rai) c’v adfi t (dpax pai) pe.é’

pta07 04011121) gt, m2 8 (67)e e’

v ofx tp 9L , t .

év TeB7 r5mdu b 7 t(pfis) lyan’

ov

fpta07a(0p t’a) dvd 7 5atx oii) ’

B¢x .

3pmw ddp fa) d . E. £1]Ee

’

lta(t’ov aLm2 dpvbs e,

Elto(urai

) 17 ]{twin-pg; (7rvpofi L 4mxalatx ofi) 2x ,

2 1. l. dprt'ayov. 34

- 6. to37 enclosed inround brackets.

Col. iii.

Qappofiflt Oept'

fuw pad H7 0Aepafove’

v XmatBt'ov [q'

, q] s"

, 0 s", «1 q

'

,

1B q",17 q

'

, 18 q", (1714006)aq’

, Esra) x othmres)B1]Ital c

’

v 7 6x QDtawos x lhflpau) re a; a’vd q"

(1rvpoii) y'

.

Oept'

faw fr ldt'

cp x itfi(pou)fipflpas) 8real c’v 7 631

”

l2pmxMripau) M om)Itala'l7q(u)fipfipas)Bbf 7 cfi (w pofi) L.

{1&n (7rvpofi) 7'

di d 217 ,

dim“? afflfiWaxed ?) p. x6.éMn X x x .

fi[y6p]997at iv TeB‘nKm) (pmflaw/rm) 8[ l Mull: 037 0014411] 107A .

W WW) e.

45 , 46. l.‘npov.

490 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

Col. iv.

év xa( )e’

u 07m: &176 [11006300Baham7 05

ékafov Baitavevfi tx oii)(i 176 B

du b’

E 7 /t ,

6pm'00v ’

Apoe, A0(t1rai)c’

v 01x 91 Zpo,’

E 7 pe, wMefm) e, 11114006) x p6x q(s) fi ddpfov) 3 17 ,1114006) 6M v7 pgz

9 07 fi7 ¢

1114006) itrroO

64 . Between’Eandmanerasure.

Col. v.

fipepéiv B q’

yfi). l

Aaxav oi)ati(7 oii e,

v

75 “PM ? 6 , A0(m'ai) c’

v clx o p.

42 . corr. fromy'. 75 . 1. cli p.

14. new : the traces of the first letter would suit p or r. Possibly for

was written; but inl. 75 only 5 drachmaeare paid formadam. W 'llkl‘” cannot be read.

Withairbus)laxa'bwv)cf. 1. 73 M xmopofi 060116 f).16 . 7 0 the items givenamount to 365 .18 . a; is apparently amistake for dB, the unit whichcost 250 drachmae being

3artabaas in11. 47- 8 ; cf. 224 .

2 2. 0’i . e cotyle ; of. 118 . 36, note.

32 . A similar entry occurs in211 676 any) "(mmlpafl'

ov M aw )” 40mc]an.)as, M

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492 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

x . oi'

vw (éfflflov)a’

B , w edm’vov p15 ,elaiv dvdpes' a) realN e¢opqyfis Kepa( ital SEW.Ital févovs Mappiis He

‘

d.

He7 e¢rofix os Mawards), Xatpflcumv)Ky dvd p

’

B 7

i v ot'

x o p17 .

TiiBt KG. oft/av «002111010 ( 1’

B o-7 [e¢évov

et’a'iv dvdpes xadud p Bp,

t'nrép dq taS/zams) x .

4. l. ee'

vot soinl. 1 2. 5 . l. Noq m'ou. 8, 1 5 . l. olmp.Arbur 1 7 , for the funeral feast ofKalatutis. 1 6—chous jar of wine 2ooodrachmae,

6 dinner loaves 190 dr., total 2 190 dr. 22 persons, of whom18 weremembersand

4 were guests, viz . T sonof Numenius, Kames sonof Harphae‘

sis, Teos sonofPetechon, Papnebtunis sonof Sokens, total 4. Total 22at 100 dr., 2200 dr. Inthehouse

2oth. 1 6—chous jar ofwine 2000 dr.,agarland 1 20 dr., total 2 120 dr. 1 8members,and N ephoreges sonofKera and Sen sonof andas guests Marres sonof

Pet Petesuchus sonof M elasand Chaeremon sonof Di total 23at 100 dr.,2300 dr. Inthehouse, 180 (11 .

Tubi 25 . 1 jar of wine 2000 dr.,agarland 2 1 personsat 100

,2 100 dr.

,

ex penses 20 dr.’

2 . the papyrushashereand inl. 9 i , whichontheanalogy ofother caseswhere the figure relating to choes is writtenabove x (121. 35 , 72 , 179, 190, 224)mightbe ex panded intox (6¢ s)5 . Buthere theawhichfollows indicates that sc.npapt’ov,is the correct resolutionof theabbreviation,and this is confirmed by l. 16,whereamnion)ais found inplace of ied)x (ov)a,and, the price being the same, the sameamount ofwine isprobablymeant. his “primer therefore seems tohave contained 7} Wm: M aximor 3 6117 6s , but this inference regarding itmust not be ex tended to the otherc a'ptamentioned inthis volume, for the size of the nepa'ptov varied like that of themetretes.

119. ACCOUN T.

l 7 ‘ 5 verso. B.C. 105- 1 .

Anaccount of receiptsand payments in cornandmoney, writtenonthemmof 61 (6)by twopersons indifferent years. Otherand less well preservedcolumns precedeand follow those printed . Cols. iv sqq.are part ofareciprocalaccount betweenA cusilausand Cotys. Among the various items of ex penditureare several payments for tax es,andacuyabas of cleruchs ismentioned, whichseems tohave takenplaceat the Sarap iafestival (11. 25 , 30

494 TE B 7 11s PAPYR I

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fepwmav25 . 0 ofas com

Col. iv.

andhand 57 0119 18 7 00 real taTiiBt te. Z x ovmkéov17s K67 vv, A6('yos)

[17 ]p dkhfikovg E7 00 17

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3 pév (aimdBat) re

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vet

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(Aepafov)Ital 5772 7 00 77

cf: 1rp80'w

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’

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rape Hex /167 09’

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496 TEB 7 11s PAPYR I

Col. i i i.I"187 0119 cf

’

E 172¢ x epay i £ 19 7 5(p8v)7rf0'a'q9 dpyv(pfov) (8pax pai) tB,7 tp1)v 1rop¢vpa9 PX ,

O vt iis 80(x r)s) 9 p9x 89 (8pax ptai) 8.5 3x 0 1 flap, 3 110110101600)Ka'iOtov) 131731) Atovu(a'fov)

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A¢x 02 if ai'x ou9406 were ” i t no

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818 Mevvfiov d8elt(¢ofi) thrép 7 00 7 6x 7 0v0(s) els

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i r t

A tox ltfi Mpnp taépov)9 500“ w eTeBrvvt

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7ats‘ 7 ,

£ 19’

IBf01(va) 81’ ‘

E ppfov‘

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£ 19 8t' ‘

E ppfov 7 09 Hpmvépx ov Kai8t

’

dAMKv)éhqkqflflmx éptv H7 olt401afov) y ,

Ttp fa‘g' t fepei Tania:8. l. 7 p1

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ryq(s)or rpm-yflrov)? 20. l.

"3 tat»)m

Col. iv.

1mNd t {11e 7 89 Kepx doa-fpems) 89508042 9)

120. A CCOUN TS

o va'tOtdmt) .]v

i f:’

IBfm(va) ( I: 7 1)[v Qwav )AB.

( Is 7 8x 7 06’Opa£ fovr thrip 117 08 60101011)

NthouMt00p1)t 0, Kt la) t,

35 PM 7 5 8 W ?)“£60061“l 6.

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M M ") r”

7 61109 pnvflv) 8 duokvi 8718 y w ,

1102 r tp ilv (1714106) B’

tint” dprdBnr 1:

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50 dpofms 7 079 trapd 7 09 ovy[7 ]ax 7 1x 00 idrp,

[r ththv ipfafir) q{ . 1, dvd 2v

54.’A¢ writtenabove the line.

Col. v.

H7 0M (pafmt)N &ov £ 19 17 1e iv Aqvfi

493 TEB 7 11l PAPYR I

dv8 142 (rékawa) 6’

Tx .

Meo'op1)t te. Had-

18010801) 1rd 7 0p(t)aivd’

oi'

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s ofvov x epaotfaov) B 6150381)’

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5mutilated lines.

dpydpfw) (8pax pai) £1) xaiatx ofi) (7 6Aav7 0v)a14211.&pyvoofov) £17 dvd 141111 (7 10tavra) e

’

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pv, 7 b 1r¢i (v) (7 4Aav7 0)xai i x 81

’

p dvfov) i t’

s 7 8 860mm? (8paxpa2) 1Batx ofi) ’

Ba>v, (7 6Aav7a) U Sv, A0(t7rat‘) iv ofx q)’

Emv.

xai 7 1111‘

1v (rrvpofi) (oipflzBéiv) BL civd 3401’

A¢, xa7a>1 ( 1rov7 01)3 7 11.ix [ai ]t 91111161140 i t

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s 7 8v 1701111 110 (811190181) 8,£ 19 1 11718019 e f, 1 7 111811 i ltat'ov xontltéiv) 1;app ,vf7 pov pvd tafwv) 7 q,

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14217 6 , A0(t1rai) x fe.80011611119) iv 176m7 v, A0(t1ra2) 7 te.5 8. l. &v for far . 62. 1. ( 6680119. 7 2.

’

A¢ belowanerasure ofWI).

Col. vi. Plate ix ’

.

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i 172 7 09 i x i pnypd xag( v

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90 Ital 17p89 H7 0M (;1afov) ia'x fix ea'av)01 170018 7 00 1rpdx 7 0pos x dptfp ta) y ,

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500 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

x 02 01'

Zx ov tciov) X A011 thrip A tovvgg'oy N 0011110101)’

A¢,'

f 7 pvy1517 015‘.

xai (Ev ixau i v 0i1107 1 170p8‘flpf01(v09) 017 0x 0(17fi7tov) 14.

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7 47 111 x 03(111)s) 17 17 7 6410) 0157 810)xai 7 81 foot ixai 170p8 B tév0p(09) 8110 8101) 8i 8w(x e) 1) yum) M (yov)4 11011 dpx 1110(x t

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dv7 1( i411, iv B 16010111) 17 x 02 iv Kpovfiiqt) 171100

7 47 111 p17 , f f, xai 02 1rp0x (et’

1tev01)Haippov 817 ipM épdvos)142, i v 14145.

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x 0. 1161110001x 0) 7 i v 81117 676 1 00)B epvtx fd vt)4 111 . 7 6 xat Hi111161 i¢ 851 803061

7 811 11i v”

1211011 x 0[7 8] x 11165(v0) { Open} (7 10 0117 0) B,iv 7 011 0ip1 {pet } x 02 x 07 8 711150017 011)ofvov x e(pd1110) 18

, oiv7 1( a, 16, x 02

8701186117 511 1111116130) 8 (7 éltav7 0v) 0.

x [0]i 7 61 1te7 6x(a>1)[6]00mi y view x 02 11070

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x 02 xahapovp-

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i t’

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X 01p1§110w B t’

0009,

149. l. uapand Kav)?

121. ACCOUN TS 501

4. w vfioltfic x i s): cf. 112. 89.

5 . c l. 1 23. xmkoa,asadescriptive epithet, is equally possible ; cf. 90. 13,whereasimilar doubtarises concerning Qahaxpds.

9. Onthe use of grimas the equivalent of cipmho’ov cf. 5 . 5 2 , note. The flow of thewine fromthe wine-

press yielded 1 50 x tpdpta(or,according to themarginalnote upon1. 1 2,x whichareaccounted for indetai l inll. 10—

7 1 .

3 1 . «Is I : this formulafrequently recurs before items of ex pense ; cf. e. g. H. 37,74, 1 22 . I ts significance does notappear to differmaterially fromthat of 1 without thepreceding ( is.

42 . Between8and M 4 )r

isavertical stroke wi thacurved base, and ashortstroke throughthemiddle of it. he efi

'

ect is not unlike the symbol for rrvpér, but thisis out of placehere. The signis notatall like that for vipw .

5 2—4.

'E c9v in l. 5 2 and ‘

A fpv inl. 5 3are the equivalents incopper of the r s and4 silver drachmae whichimmediately precede The calculationmay be statedas follows :6370 copper dr. (1. sr) dr., 1 2 silver dr.+ 5 20 copper dr.,making (withthe 24 silver dr. in1. 5 x)36 silver dr.+ 5 20 copper dr. This deducted fromtheamountinl. 40 leaves 4 silver dr.+ 460 copper dr., or incapper 2410 dr.

5 4. The word before is perhaps but 7{v(mmtm, cf. 1. 1 09)cannot be read.

5 5 .mof e’ye is writtenabove the line, but final onis oftenso placed inthis papyrus .

73 . is the day of themonth.74.

‘

AN : 5 seems to beamistake for v since 1950 is requ ired by thearithmetic of11. 74- 8 cf.also 1. 69.

8 1 . e’

x x prmm( perhaps for Theremay bean0 betweenx and p ,bu t

that does not improvematters.85 . “mad theabbreviationrecurs inl. 105and in191.103.a'hseems tobe connected with inthe preceding line.

r r5 . 846¢o av] : cf. 121. 7 and 22-

3. ome charge connected withthe conversionfromcopper to silver ismeant.

1 18 .max seems to be aproper name ; cf. 128 . 1 2 . &M at the end of theline is probably for 65800?

as inl. 49.

1 28. c 112. 86. civr1( inl. 1 29may be133. Amseems tobe the name ofBerenicion’

s father, but the terminationdoes notlook like -ov

,and 7 0 is strange ; 6mmight be read. That there wereat least two lessees

is shownby {ma-rot inl. 14 1 .

x 37 . ( 1701161507 61 : cf. 108 . introd.and 209 .

131. ACCOUN T.

23-

3 x 76-5 cm. B. C. 94 or 6 1 .

This lengthyaccount contains inall six teencolumns, nine onthe rectoandsevenonthe verso. The first columnof the rec/o, whichgives the yearand ispreceded byablank space, wasapparently the first of the roll ; but since thelast columnof the verso,whichcorresponds to the first of the recto, is representedby beginnings of lines only, this ishardly certain. Theappearance of both

5 02 7 5 3 7 11s PAPYRI

sides of the papyrus supports the conclusionthat the roll is completeat the end .

We give the first fiveand the last two columnsof the recto; the two interveningcolumnsare very imperfect,and the verso

,besides being inasomewhat inferior

state of preservation,adds little freshinformation. I thas every appearanceofgiving the continuationof theaccount onthe recto

,for precisely similar entries

occur,and the fourthcolumn isheaded <bac3¢ 1 1B, Phaophi being themonthunder considerationat the end of the recto. There isaconsiderable blank spacebetweenthe firstand second columns. Weaddhere some of themore interes tingitems : ipya(7 6v) 1 (I), pax fpms Baoththtoii) i¢obi (wv)

'

Ax ,a’pyv(pfov)«ba’vc‘r ’

Axv (7 dltav7 0v)0 Trp,avvfiohfis ivoi x (w1)x , i 171 7 08 7p10'

7 6pov f (cf. 112. dry?

civanx ¢ (pdma)BT .

Theaccounts includeanumber of payments to variousminor offic ials,

particularly to pdx tpot (cf. 112. 81,note), whose entertainment seems tohave

entailed no little ex pense. There isaninterestingmentionof Aaoypaupta, whichhasalready beendiscussed in108 introd. Conversions of silver to copperarefrequentat the ratioof I to400 ;aslightly different rate ( 1 ismentionedonce onthe verso inthe passage quotedabove. Columns vi i iand ix as farasline 138 differ fromthe rest, giving alist of persons whoare reckoned at650 copper drachmaeahead,and some ofwhomare distingu ishedas &nohvdpevotand reevnxo

'

res. Inone case (I. 108)twopersonsare reckonedas one. Why theindividuals enumerated were responsible foranidentical payment is not stated.

Col. i .'

E 7 0vs am6 060,810yp0¢fis i i i

-

107 07 1710?

x 02 dpx rq‘

Mhax tret'as) x 619 176h1v cipyt(pfov)x 8 61

’

s 176h1v dpyv(p1’ov) (Spax lmz) f,&p ov) (8p0x p02) 25 0

’

v0 3i x

(réhavra) 1{ '

B .

drédopov dpyfipfov)xaraywytosovpfl6hov

dprcov 7 079

fix 6(v)7ov x éprv Miémv x,Todaiit Jfovs o,

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TBE TUN IS PAPYRI

Col. i ii .

dprmv sis dribv e p,

i ls 176A1v p ,

w mhcfcu 110p 101) 01110060011)ihqhvdéfl i 172 7 1)v

i¢6810v TA.

x i . pax ipau) x 02 7p017 ¢fe( 7 111)

x etpmurbv 2x ,

va6kav 170pfi(mv) i ls x x ,

vaflhov ( I? Take? ipydfliiv)fi 7 ,

fiohffiwv x 02 17019005:qfpv,

Zxova'dtciau dp-mv 2,

61101309

Zxova'd cfm(8p0x p02) 1)’

I’

S ,

X 1

vac-u rovfipm) claw/lav) 7am{6019)(réhawa) 15 '

B2v.

42. e ofas corr. froms.

Col. iv.

x { . 7 0is [17 ]cpd 7 00 07p0(7 1ry00) i llyhvO6(0-

1)

x ép w Ampere »dptt ov) (89mm?) 8JP? ” (fly?) 8 P5:

[6110153109 M ien?) px .

Zx ovmhdau dpyv(pf0v) (8pax 1102) 1) T2,

Om? 7 ,

61mmw vfidkfi9)M 39) 4 1W“) pr .Tefinfvews x,

flaxhfifiaxnvofida'x éi q ’

A .

121. A CCOUN TS

040v 206x 011 (7 6A0v7 0v) 0 d»,H( virus x 02 T000fis 2x ,

dppohfas §[is] rbv ’

Ififm(v0)dprwv e p

(fauna) p.

67 . This line inserted later.

Col. v.

Heroc fpa&pyu(pfov) (8p0xp02) 1) T E,

810ypa¢6s (7 6A0v7 0) [fl] ’

Brx ,“ pawns vaxW ) olrfd ovnx:pohffiov x 02 x etpw

-n'

it 7 5,

p,

dppohfas 160 A dpydpt’

ov)810177 6007“ B .

00“ 0.

7 0'

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dp-mv 1r 01,

TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

i t’

s 7 8 0'

v,111760'

10v ( 615017) 10 UK,

flaxK/m) f’fl" &pffl s ( Glam) 7 ] pr ,ih01'0v fev1x 0(fi)

(rdhavra) t, 7 17 .

88 . ais writtenaboveanerasure of 92. 5 writtenbelowanerasure of 5.

Col. vi ii.

Qaé‘

xpt

Harfims Zx dhid vos),Kog

’

i ‘ns Tea‘Bros,.]7 1¢15 1s

6 vibs 0137 09,

H0170v7 0‘

5(s)Hax pég'gv,8150 1717 117 02 0,

Zpaéw ‘

Apo'

ci 17 0s,'

Ap17 16s Kepx (

fivos 810 T667 0s,

27 pd7 07 0s,'.flpos T0p67 610s,

Corals M épd vos),M 0981

’

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(réhawov)a’

v ,

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’

Arp.

x 02 7&(v) dr ohvopfivmv)K0A07 i37 1s p 1fifov

x 02 K6Lw (v0s),‘Hpiis

”

I 17170A0s,

Mépw(v) i4¢15

07 10s

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508 7 153 TUN I S PAPYRI

word is new,unless itmay be regardedasanother formof the poetic M iaprovisions,’

whichwould giveaquite good sense.

The numeralat the end of this linehas beenomitted. If 17 is restored the (corrected)total inl. 80 will be right.

86. 110kare the days of themonth.no. Themeaning of the numeralsat the end of this lineand l. 1 15 (of. l. 130)is not

clear. Perhaps theyare to be connected withthe M om.hallway-Km)inl. 1 18 , but theamounts cannot bemade totally.135 . ch(W ow): for {W u inthe sense of ‘

subtract cf. 189and 241.

122. A ccoum‘

.

244 0. 211 -8 x m. & C. 96 or 63.

A shortaccount of ex penses,mentioning some rather interesting prices.éartabaof barley is reckoned at 130 copper drachmae, while 100 drachmaewere paid for 11,artabaof (ponds, whichwas therefore considerably the dearercommodity of the two (cf. App. i .

Onthe versoisanother partially erasedaccount inthe samehandwriting ;it includes the items “up p, olvoxéi p11.

("E 7 0vs) 10 emf/(0) x 01

’

7 1) 116116100.

alvov x epd;11(a) 7 dvd ’

1'

0

6pv100 0 v,

ihafov x 07'

15A01 fi

5 ripofms 8’

f,moi s’

pk,

W 017 (fl,

P:

x 6p1'

0v 9 p17 ,

dprovs {aimxfi 1017 ,

Kpdflfin A.

i ltafov x vqv ov L 17 ,

(réA0v7 0v) 0’

E 2£.

u . r overanerasure ofe.1. For «011-v, cf. 179 «ohmJpx utpvotadm),and 180,along listof persons whohad paid

various sums cl: 7 1)v who ofanagent of the strategus—apparently contributions forhisentertainment—and 5 . 184, note. Aemwaonthisanalogy is best ex plainedasapropername, thoughavery strange one. There is nodoubtabout the reading.

123. A CCOUN TS 509

123 . ACCOUNT.

18-3. 24 x 335 cm. Early first centurya. c.

Anacccount of receiptsand perhaps ex penditure connected withdifferentvillages, chiefly incorn. Parts of four columnsare preserved, of whichwe printthe second, being themost complete. The writing isasmall cursiveandmostof the wordsareabbreviated, so that the document ismore thanusually obscure.

Conversions of silver into copper at the ratio of t :487 § occur inll. 2—3 ; Cf.

A pp. i i. Many of the lineshaveastrokeagainst theminthemargin.x pi (00s) Xa'iQov) (8p0xp02) 8,

5x 00 810 7 017 M 7 06) (liq-

7g N[lav (8p0xpds) 8 x 0(kx 0fi) ’

A f

pv,

810 Herod tgn 2ev7 0001'

i(7 1) (8p0x110s) 8 xa()tx 0i3)141111.8. £ 1080x 9) i [v] Take

5 ixm170p0 M dpm(vos) x 02 N 1x ¢iv01(p0s) [9400111165100 17 0h6(y10v) 8siffivrhxo'av) 170p0fldptw fflov] (17vp0ii) (dpra'fias)

(W 906) fwd/ 6M -]wsv( 91K M )W (A1( 0 .

dwiarahrat [12 letters]31( (rrvpofi) (4170301) £7 Ly'

,

/ (1rvpm7) flyw

0i ()10 X M8m(vos) 0m0fx (t’

0s) 11s 7 8 801010

(dprcifiat) q t;dio1u)d u(0s)“7 05006510civm 61

’

s 7 8 861010) 01( ¢ax 0i3Ba‘)

05010) clpofiws) perafiootfis) 0m80:3(pa7 0s) 810 x 02

15 61’

080x fiknow was) [eat «em0 . (17141017) 00150101) 16 flows) 0 17 , 8 17 , e ty, 1; 17 ,

x . 80 ( in - 14 is used apparently for 06001) (cf. but

name suchas Anag

ram)18more likely. For 71000 0) cf. 120. 5 , note,andx enon

, who i s proably identical withthe Acusilaus in here.

5 10 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

The reading 607 1hereand in II. 3and 10 is very doubtful, the strokes being,strictly aover the line.

of cornin similar tothat inl. 17 , 061001)er, )u( fl’ &p

-réBat)pq ’

,and inthe previouscolumnwe 6 )11( (dprdfim

1 2 . 01( f. l. or the name ofacharge like 01( in119 . 3.

16 We er village nameafter «taaoxa,as inll. 4and 1 1 butif

'

A 170X

.

Xw( isaplace-name it is di fficult to see why this was put inthe line below.

A village called '

A170hhov1'as in the Fayftmis known fromP. Petrie I I . 28. v. 8, andanother called 1 11

-N ammm: ismentioned in112. 4 1 .

ADDE NDUM TO I I

124 . PET ITION TO THE SOVERE IGNS. DEGRE ES

CON CERN I NG CLERUCHS.

20-4 verso. Height 28 5 cm. Abouta. C. 1 18.

The rectoof this papyrus containsalist ofholders of templeand Cleruchicland at Kerkeosiris written inabout the 48thyear On the verso,

besides other fragmentary documents, isadraft or roughcopy ofapetitiontothe sovereigns, followed by six decrees. The papyrus is unfortunately inaverydamaged condition, being stainedadark browncolourand ex cessively fragile.Lacunae are frequent,and in some parts the inkhas beenquite obliterated,while the difficulties of dec iphermentare further increased by the numerousabbreviations.

In the first columnhardly any connected sense is obtainable. Thepetitioners were clearlyagroup of cleruchs in the A rsinoite nome,and seemto be x droucm; and apparently they wished to be let off some payment, butwhat this was is obscure . Below 1. 1 8 isalarge blank space inwhichhavebeeninserted the figures

'

of thearourae of Cleruchic land distributed indifferentreigns ; cf. 62. 315

—8. These, thoughwritteninthe samehandas the pet ition,seemto refer not to it but to the list onthe recto. The conclusion of thepetition, arequest to the sovereign to communicate withvarious officials,occupies the fi rst four lines of col. i i, but the construct ion does not seemtoconnect withl. 18, whichis shorter thanthe preceding lines,and several linesmayhave beenomitted betweenll. 1 8and 19.

The six decrees whichfollow the petitionare better preserved . The second(11. 25 fourth(11. 30 and fifth(11. 37—40)deal withmatters pertaining to

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5 12 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

tarot“ xal d dpama颒

of: far p[eh't'q flyi‘v x éptras fx opo'ml 41! w epar gay-rm): cl: v[a'v -owavp¢€pov ér e¢8¢86w er

or? draht'rropev fl’

pOW CO'6W CS ]e flap’

15W upoxapwa1161'n dv8(p x xowohq fi itmimic

15th000, Bac thefi, xalpetahafiqL rfiy e

’myeyp(appémv) fair ex 7 73: rapt xm( 113:

.aWW W) 8mamaap[. 6porov Ital rat Tab .]apwpqa'apfmv fi r Zxova-ar

N u» xal Tgfirq ply clawyyoxhas w e¢d(vw s) tai

]11-

pa 14 letters ias fairom‘ wapaxahe'a'aaaacflflar inu’

pay we fit fxopevand n’

is &px iit

Mayadflcmes Kaihip 85 v Gaunt): QMNraw er fn v

ifli r

(w pofi) 8( e v ye rwv) 7 00 pp (irons) dwpkv 06m:8. First 8 of M om: corrected froma.

C01. 11.

Kai E lpqo'afau)7 6¢ Ital 7 039 JM oi s

[hiare 61861: dfwfipev .. .p . v HroOtepafm) ‘

rg'

i

1rpoo¢mviioa¢ 6mmc’

v 7 0157 03 [bpw exmpev far] pryfla'ras) x épc;as.

35 pévew dé flairm2 67 7 630019 t upfaos fouls karwx qotévovs) xhtfipw s) old

124. ADDENDUM 5 13

a’

6{v} vrwoi3( 1r) rp6(1rov) 31119 7 00 VB (grove) Kai

miaqsdpoiws dé Kai robs xafl’

évdnflorofiv rp6(1rov) 61'

s énfhnpslfw 157116110119

vi Kai yeyov6(ras) e’

v ddcrfipao’w vi wppahoydapofs éaaflms' fx ew

30 Kai Tll'GS‘ ée 97 61

1639 lx ow er aflalpagexdpfixam)[[aXI] Tb i

'ag(v)dhhm81} fihhaype’umeiamv T9? xhtflpov) [01] 132 xai pe( npbr robs

4

7a p g’

yw Kai 7 0157 019 xai 67 7 611019 xai 61's3’ ]g [ t

robs

o1'

x ovopoii 1r'

rar p i) ¢€pea€a1 i v rofs xa'r' ciffmpaxhnpgfixms35 111783 7 119 11017 81. xa1pbu y ewope

’

vas (Kai) ria¢opa(s)artabfiefaeat e

'

v

610 11157 1119 83 11a) 7 009 11€Xp1 roi? perm1yeyp(appe’vws) 7 131 x t poux fm)

Kai 127101011) ( 38631! [D191 r ep] perafiefiflxamr) 619 7 731! xa(rotx fav) pfi1r€p1o

~

1r600a1 si s [éjre'

pas40 Aarovp'

yfas whilst 7 6 V Ka(rour11r6w).Kai e

’

fl(e)2 Ao( x g( EPI GWA awex pfmfio) iv 1631 pd (57 6 1)

qos c§c ( (1rvpoi3) (6111011) 7 179 11311 fipexflqadpe'vqs) dab 7 8V

7 59 dé e’

o‘ opévqs dfipax ov) c’

v e’

x opfmm51 61 npdaqghlv 1'

7 59 83 av( yiis apdaaw dmdab 101? 111) (gram) [flb (15111011)

5 14 TEB 1 11s PAPYRI

24. l. cipapmpdmv forammror) cf. 5 . 3. 37. 1 111above the line. 43. c of

eracorr. from1 . Owing to the uncertaintyhow farabbreviations were used in the lacuna, it is

doubtfulwhether CleopatraI I wasmentioned ; but cf. 5 . 1 , 48 . 1 ,and note on5 . 4.

8. Cf. P. Par. 49. 8—9 ris 11611 001 xpémpov {power 8111816611111. If thi : f t] is readhere,awordhas beenomittedafterms.10. 15mg : perhaps e

'

t’

wnpo]a1pj;c ; but themiddle would be ex pected.

I 2 . erhaps r’

x t i): Harmx é (par). The abbreviated word after 1171 is possibly

so. Perhaps r ti; e[vyymiml cf. 72. 444, where the dioecetes contemporarywiththe ld oywfl

'

ps Irenaeus (l. 19)is Ptolemaeus. v[rpamyfic is not likely, for the strategusin the 53rd year was Apollonius (43 . 3 and the Strategus Ptolemaeus (15 . r5) is notheard of before the grd year of the nex t reign.

23-

4. Cf. 5 . 1—5and 3, note.1 25 - 7 . And you (i)and your 0) descendants shall remainthe legal owners of theholdings whichtheyhave possessed, whatsoever thesemay be and under whatsoeverc ircumstances they wereacquired , up to the 5 2nd year, subject tono dispute or questiononany ground.

’

Withthis regulation legaliz ing the positionof de far/o possessors of d ip“ cf. 5 .

44—8, 61. (6) 236—8 and p. 5 5 5 . Kaf eo’

xqpc'mmightmean ‘ impounded ’

(cf. 61. (b)but the analogy of 5 . 47 is infavour of themeaning ‘

possessed,’and aardx qm

«Aimwould come under the regulationinll. 28-

9.

25 . The word beforeml lyydmcmust,as the contex t shows, refer in some waytocleruchs. The first letter ismore like 1) thanu

, but if 611211 is retained it is necessary to

suppose that the wording of this decreehas beenaltered tomake it spec iallyapplicableto the writer or copyist,and thishypothesis, whether thi s refers to the writers of thepetitionor to the personwhomade this particular copy of the decrees, is unsatisfactory.

Otherwise, if 13v be read, we should be forced to the conclusionthat these decreesarenotactual ordinancesatall but regulations whichthe writers of the petitionwished theking to issue,aview whichishardly credible. These difi culties would beavoided bysupposingaconfusionbetweenép ‘

isand as frequentlyhappens (cf. e.g. 29 . 9, 5 6 . 7 ,111. and that the writers of the petitionare referred to; cf. introd. A similar difi cultyarising out of the use of the first personoccurs inl. 38.

26. a’bwflimvs : «Warmes is the only formof thisadjective found inM SS.

28- 9. A decree guaranteeing the continued ownership ofholdings to cleruchs whohad incurred punishment, orhadhad theirassignments of land cancelled (c’vW u ;

cf. 601mmlapel, 7 4 . orhad encroached uponland towhichthey were not entitled ( inrrpoa'ho'ywpois ; cf. 5 . 36

—43 and This regulation, in whichthere is no'mention

ofayear’8 rent, seems to conflict withother regulations onthe same subject ; cf. 5 . 38,note, 61 (6)2- 8,and App. i. 6and 9.

30—6. The general sense of this regulationappears tobe that incases where cub-mm

owing topovertyhad resigned theirholdings toothers, the tenure of the new-comers wasguaranteed, while the outgoing cleruchs were allowed toabandon permanently theirrank ’and the liabilitiesattaching to it inthe shape of contributions exacted fromtimeto time ; cf. p. 5 56.

30—1 . The persons who gave up theirholdingsare divided into three classes, but

the points of distinctionare not clear. 1M might ontheanalogy of {wit in l. 25

(cf. note)be ex panded into 15 p6 7), butaparticiple suchas (Ma-Gaynor“)would also

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X . DE SCR IPTION S .

125 . 203 . Height 5 -7 cm. Beginning ofapetitionto M enches fromA pollodorus rofi Ifetltqdi dros Tint Guided “: [ital rd rékos] roii Gha[fov, complaining of the illic it sale of Kohmretrtov €A[atov ital] x fx t ; cf. 88 introd. AboutB. C. 1 14. 5 lines.

126 . 12-

5 . 29 8 x cm. Petition to M enches fromTeos,asumacyewpyds, complaining ofanassault committed uponhimaimrotsnp wfitirepms e yewpyéiv by Pyrrhichus and Heracleus. Cf. 45—7 .

B. C . 1 13. Nearly complete. 34 lines.

127 . 129 . 27 x 7-8 cm. Part ofasimilar petitiontoM enches fromPortis,another fiamltucbs yewpyds, complaining of anassault by Pyrrhichusand Heracleusand the theft of variousarticles, viz .huh-toyatxoi i)To, x etréivanat6t(x dv)«p, besidesanorrjptovand aapoca¢dhatomCf. 45 —7 . B. C. 1 13. 30 lines.

128 . 28-3. 26-5 x 1 18 cm. PetitiontoM enches fromthe komarchHorusand theapeafitirepot yewpyéiv, complaining ofanassault, by reasonof whichthey werehindered inthe npaltropefaand the land was not sown; cf. 48.

The énrapovptxhv ital rhu drum: x knpovx tmjv ismentioned. B . C . 1 13.

N early complete, butmuchstainedand partly efl'aced. Writtenontheverso, the rectobeing blank (cf. p. 38 lines.

129. 9-2. 30 x 1 1 -5 cm. Petitionto M enches fromHarph[aésis],asum.

x ds yewp‘

yds, complaining ofanassault. B. C. 1 13. Incomplete. 1 8 lines.130. 31

-1 . 28-8 x 8-2 cm. A ccount of ex penditure for variousarticles .

13 dddvtacost I tal. 320 dr. of copper, I },minae of fiqr tmyat 500 for themina750 dr., rrtrapOL] g 255 dr., up“? (or ).tqpas) I } at 350 5 25 dr.Late second century B. C. Complete. 17 lines. Writtenonthe verso

ofanofli cial document containing parts of 1 1 lines.131. 23-25 . Height 14-5 cm. A ccount of ex penditure beginning

‘E rw ra

I'

Iax t‘w n0. Adyar Heretpoiidts “new (I. rérmov) roxr'

js (l. box ijs) Kpfm.

1 (x epdp tov)of wine cost 2300 dr.,19 loaves at 15 285 dr., ékalov 5

’

(se.

DE SCR IPTI ON S 5 17

xortihn cf. 116 . 40)50,o tix tv‘

ros 30, ddrjpa( = d0dpn)70. The total, 3005dr., is converted into wheat at 1080 dr. for theartaba

,making 273art.

B. C. 100. S imilaraccounts onthe verso.

132. 27-1 2. 14

-2 X 9 cm. Fragment ofalist of cleruchs at Magdola,mentioning [A tbjtiuov roii M evofrov (cf. 83 . 41)and the ‘

Hpaov. Late secondcentury B. C. Parts of 6 lines.

133 . 4-2. 25 x 1 17 cm. Petitionto Agatharchus, epistates of Kerkeosiris, fromAmenneus, aGeayds of Suchus and sac-ma. yeopydr. Latesecond century B. C. M uchmutilated . 32 lines. Onthe versoanotherpetitionto A gatharchus, epistates ofKerkeosirisand Theogonis,almostentirely effaced.

134 . 8-4. 1 7 x 123 cm. Beginning ofapetitionto Antaeus, ovyyevits xalorpamyds ‘

rfis [? y.arpo- | 1rdhews, fromHeraclides, ( «paypatmafflimLatesecond century B. C. 14 lines.

135 . 23-20. 165 x 15 3 cm. Part ofalist of payments of cornsimilar to91.

Lines 3 sqq. (rptax ovrdpovpos (rvpofi) Hajq'éi sm(xpos)<I>a1jotos (cf. 63 . 200) (indoors ) (dprdfins) (11v 6) ts Hereaoflxjov] (avpoii)b¢ ( $0, I xa(ddpoemsP)7 L , Iat’rros tng' , de( rd some»)p y

’

,

’

O] w6¢pteM eoramirp t(o)s (Cf. 63 . 195) (fip foovs) (dprdflns) (rrvpofi) eb

’

,Zapa

nfawos (fip loovs) (dprdfiqs) (1rvpoi3) eb’

,Herepluoiidtlfs axwros (fipfaovs)

(dprdfins) (nupoii)eb'

, rijs rjp t‘pa(s)ram-J, I de( Ktjrp(os ou, Kai. I'Iereoori

(xov)'

Apv¢5rov p y'

, a'

y'

,xal (hideous) (dprdflqs)

Onthe l-artabatax cf. 61. (6)322- 40and 98 introd. The persons whopaid ithere were éardpovpotmixmotat Kerkeosiris,and really paid 2artabaonthearouracf. 218and 232. For cf. 91. 1 1 , note. Late secondcentury B. C.

136 . Fromthe town. 157 x 7 cm. R eceipt for two payments ( 19 "p in:the first be ing 95 drachmae 3 obols of copper, the second 44

drachmae. Written inavery illegible cursive in the third year ofareign, probably that of E piphanes (B. C. 203 the drachmae beingon the silver standard (cf. A pp. N early complete. 14 lines. Onthe verso 3 lines of demotic.

137 . Fromthe town. 34 9 x 13 8 cm. Ends of lines ofalease ofavineyardat Ibionréiv E i xoo'mevrapodpwv fromSosus toan Writtenat Theogonis inthe year of E uergetes I I inavery cursivehand , thecontract being repeatedas inP. Amh. I I . 42. The canephorus ofA rsinoePhiladelphus was Philinna. One of the witnesses is describedas 7 179éflbdpns x tlttap as r; taxovrd.[povpos, whichestablishes the correctness ofWilcken’

s ex pansionof the abbreviationx t( inP. Petrie I I, p. 37

5 18 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

(o) 2 ,rfis Cx t(l\cap as) (Tptaxovrdpovpos). Another wasamember rfis rap

oceans»ml lmrap as i‘ ; cf. 82. 9, note. The verso contained thenames of the witnessesandaline of demotic . 5 2 lines inall.

138 . Breadth29 cm. A letter to the blefdywv rd xard n‘

w &p]x ¢4mM u rcia» Kepx eoatpeos fromanother offic ial, callinghis attention toacomplaint ( upooayyeAta)received fromaninhabitant of Tebtunis, ofwhichacopy isappendedand whichrefers toanassault committed by Onnophris,whohad since disappeared (&vafnroflpems ’

Ovv6¢p¢s 06x ei pfax erat) neplbl(lipav ,8 [r ifls wdrdk 6 é s ré‘

w wpoyeypappévmv ’

Ovv64>pts .luwos pot éx e'

ivos

dvflhoyfas pdxnv dveM pevos rho éavro'

v‘

pdxalpav e[al .]eumpéwasmlnacdmvos ravrnv flovhdpevds ye dhoyiioatmniveyx e [nkhya'i s rpwl xal rip( «paltflvml rov rpdxnhovml r iw &ponhdmvml roils xaposWrittenacross the fibres. Late second century B . C. M uchmutilated.

lines.

139. 19-10. 23 9 x 10 cm. A shortaccount, including payments to"Ema.pax (lpms) (cf. p. Alyvm'locs pax (fpo¢s)and & Aors pax (fpocs). 40

drachmae of silver are converted into copper at 1650 (for astater)making 2 talents 4500 dr. On the verso, the recto being blank (cf.p . Early first century B. C. Complete. 8 lines.

140. 19-8. Sevenfragments ofanaccount beginning ”

Ea-avg 1 Gavem. A670:Baméivmlamnioti c]ml requ'

is &ypddmv ovvaAAayparoypmpt Kepx edonpmsml Oeoyom’bos rov wpoxapévov { rovs (i v 7 6mo 81: vmfx equu (l. or chestral).FAlqsmom'wt t choumxap‘mpas bmypa¢ns 61rdGame 80 9 X oiax rptambos xa(kxov)(bpaxpal) ’

,B opofws bmhéiv 41.1)v “0064;q r c[pn]u dAe'

x roposml&prowwaxosAnother fragmentmentions Gpnvépara( ls rov ‘

Oo’

ipwfl, apoofirov”

Apemea, [wows dnorpowmo'posa, the figures perhaps referring to jars ofwine. Written inalarge coarse semi - unc ialhand. B. C. 72 (cf. 108

141. 273 3. Height 32 cm. Copy of 68 , for themost part well preserved ;cf. 68

,introd .and notes. B . C. 1 16-

5 .

142. 14 1 2. 1 1 -5 x 30 2 cm. A fair copy of 26 . 1 1- 24 withslight variations,beginning M [eyx 1

'

i]s xwpoypapyar cbs Kepx eoo'fpews n

'

is floAépu vos p [elolbos"0pmxafpkw. nepl rofi in 26 . 15 is omitted,as are i ymrahefr oms

&oxoMav (26 . 16- 8)and rfic cO— pupos (26 . 20 A ddressed on theverso B. C. 1 14. Writtenacross the fibres. N early complete.7 lines.

143. Height 28-5 cm. A list ofholders of templeand cleruchiclandat Kerkeosiris

,similar to 62—8 but writtenabout the forty -eighth

year. The entries concerning Acdboros’

A1rov fov (cf. 62. Bpopepos

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5 20 TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

150. 27-

38. 29-

3 x 29 cm. Twonearly complete columnsand ends of linesofanother columnofasurvey - list similar to 8 8 . The ’

Apyafnbos 6165v(cf. 8 8and 184)ismentioned,and the land under considerationwas probablynear A rsinoe. One of the selz

’a’es is wrongly joined, so that the verso

is uppermost. Late second century B. C. Onthe verso several columnsof figures.

151. 20 1 . Height 29 8 cm. Part ofasurvey - list , whichisarranged bycreptx dparalike 84 and 8 5 , of land at Kerkeosiris, containing at least7 columns. Theaccount ofone wepfxamaends withthe weplo'ratns‘moms)v6(rov),and the nex t begins d1ui Boppiiml &mpOttaS-rov) 1 iv fli tmltovpivmKepx eov

’

pa&arérov)116 (ptx t5par t) v6(rov)xal ds ui rov)v6(rov)“Ev 6m) réivmplOeoyo(vfba) 63) (1116 réiv neplTaAlnebfawbtai pvyos d>0wvos Lb

’

. A little lower wehave Armor) éxofisévov) deflat(vovros)Bo(ppt

'

i) Ba(ppa)hahdfiov) &Bprfix ov)Wm(A06) 7 06 (asrofi AO (grove)B, v6(rov) &x oOu

‘vns) &pxofiséms)dmwirov)6606 ‘

riis 670150119

( ls Taitl L, Mass)Exoolévov)&pxoOLévov)vd(rov)’

I <nel'

ov wmneptednmtévov6'

(Cf. 84 . 1 7, note),and further onBa(ppa)éx ofis i vov)dpxoOd vov)d1m(M érov)inrohflyov)W ufiofbos)rofiand rofi AO (from) moses)lxdfiu va)reweplTaAlmole ’

Appwvfov roii‘

Hpaxhefbov €¢6bov nerafieflflx dros) eis r iw (abort ion).The survey

'

of this nepfxwpa' concludes Bo(ppii)éxowvns)Arims w pd vos

Lb’

(ms réiv nepl rov '

lfiiw(va)réiv (E lx oo'mevrapov v)116 (6fmv)flo(pp&)mlmoods). The nex theading is 6110vd(rov)ml dt w

i

rov)I but

uérovJvros rofi firmM Qov) éfaywyofi Another entrymentions 1 arourawetpapayywplvns. On the geographical dataaffordedby the papyrus see 17 . 5 , note. Late second century B . C.

152. 234 8. Height 313 cm. Two fragments containing 5 columns ofasimilar land- survey of Kerkeosiris ; cf. 84 and 8 5 . Two columnsareconcerned withthempfxwpaof Themistes (cf. 84 . 139, note). Land outof cultivationwhichin 84 and 8 5 is described as {memos épfipdxov(&Ayvpfbos &c.)rim) (or for)rofi x { f our ishere called Gpflpdxov &v p ure-hm,ex cept intwopassages,one where 2pflp6(xov)8»mlyeyovévat [760110] is found,the other where [Ipfipcflx oroiv] p ro-06506 1 fiv yeyovévat 761W canbe restored.

Other entries of interestareax éipaGm): [mo-M ow : (cf. 84. 1 1and p .

i arouramltdpov x ev'

rpfrov (cf. 61. (b) 426, note), and [for T6 v newBepevtx lbaGeopotpdpov webfwvhtwds) (cf. 17 . 5 , note). The papy rus waswrittenbefore B . C. 1 19, forandyboqxovrdpovpos called Symmachus sonof Theodorus who is not found in82- 5and 144—7 occursalong withboththe x epa'ftfitmros Pantauchus sonof Pantauchus (cf. 62. whose sonM enander cededhis x kfipos to Dionysius inB. C. 1 12 (81. 1 1 and theémrov‘

rdpovpos [Heliodorus] sonof M enodorus (cf. 61. (a)1, note).

DESCR IPTION S 52 1

153 . 1 74 3. 1 8-7 x 4-

7 cm. A small fragment of areport onthe crops

grownuponfiao' dtm‘y yfi, similar to 8 8 - 70 ; cf. note on8 7 . 7 1-

9. Latesecond century B . C. Parts of 1 7 lines .

154 . 23-7 . 295 x 25 8 cm. The first two columns ofasimilar report drawn

up by M enches in the six thyear (of Soter I I). A fter the figures

for the fifthyear,whichare stated tobe arouraeand 4745 §artabae,the papyrus continuesml 1131 r, (é’ret)npoo'yfverat almrepyao'fleio'at 15116 réiv

staphMappdovs roii d1n) 1'moA6(yov) rofi stepl riyvm’mnv

al. (&prdfiat) (cf. 7 5 . making 12633, arourae and47 artabae ; cf. 70. 4, where in the report of the seventhyear thefigures of the six thyearare givenas 126311,and respec tively.

661 (corrected from6293)arou raeare stated tohave beensown inthesix thyear withwheat, 105 { withbarley y ielding 3683artabae, [ 166andafractionwithlentils y ielding 798i artabae, the totals of theaim:being 942i arourae, 405 7 11; artabae. B. C. 1 1 2—1 . A t the top of thesecond column is ashortaccount. Onthe versoare another accountand some calculations of rents.

15 5 . 28 16 . Height 30 cm. Part ofasimilar report drawnup by M enchesfor the fifthyear (of Soter I I). The totals for the wheat correspondingto those in8 7 . 10are 659tarourae, 2898} artabae, those for the otros

(cf. 8 7 . 39)9372arourae, 4046§artabae. B. C. 1 13- 2.

15 6 . 2 1 -

4. 28 5 x 1 1 -5 cm. A bond of surety foracertain”

M emos,addressedto the 8px 1¢vkax lms ofKerkeosiris by Pitholausandanother person, whowere bothI le'poat n'is émyovfis. A fter the first four lines the documentproceeds duohoyofipev bul coil

"Altxmov '

Ap¢d0'

cos rfit x t’

1 09

(Papa/(BO 7 08 try (grove)ml fip t'pats als ngpayyelltys finiv napaofrfiakt rov

npoyeypappévov Iv imépats név'

rempwapé'vov b v,

lav 6} p i nnapadrflaameb lwl v[é] éfe'a'rw 001 napabbbkivat (1. indie)dvf’

airroii xal énfrmov ( is 7 6 fiao'

thxovdpyv(pfov)(bpaxpds)f laaapas «i 116 1919x 4609,mlunblv fioo'ov x elp fibe rupta3a7mnavraxfi ém¢epop€vnnfollowed by thesignature of Heras sonof Ammonius onbehalf of the two suretiesandthe signature of Pitholaushimself inalarge rudehand. B. C. 91 . N earlycomplete. 28 lines.

15 7 . 22 x 23-8 cm. A report of M enches to Horus,mentioning

A pollodorus and apparently concerningadiscovery of the illic it saleof oil; cf: 88 and 89 . B. C. 1 13. Writtenon the verso ofanefl'aceddocument. Incomplete. 15 lines.

15 8 . 14 . 12-

4 x 8-8 cm. (Fr. Fragments ofacontract for the lease ofax x iipos fromHorionsonof A pollonius to Ptolemaeus, being complementary of 105 cf. p . 454. A very cursively writtenabstract precedes

5 22 TE B TUNIS PAPYR I

the body of the contract. On the versoare the names of some of thewitnesses. B. C . 103.

159. 20-5 . 30 x 1 7-

4 cm. A ccount of payments of barley (probably rents)byBamhtxol yewpyof beginning "

E rovs i <Dappor'301, staphM eyx eiovs wo-ypapjnar ime Kepx eom’pews. ( lo-box ?”mr’

&vbpa[f oilwhi rmp ivov oirov I'

Irohqmlmml I'Ia[. rots atroltoyofio'

t fawi pl a1’1(r i1v) ipya(o’

rriptov) d1ul r6v yew;

(pdflov)T[oii (i rovs)] olml &vnypatpdpevm(cf. 89 . 1 2,note)Of

xwpdpxov [ml] Mappi fovs yevnparorbvkax i s (l. - xor). <I>apyoi30t ni vm’m’iti ls be( (Cf. 91 . 2, note) HarrvGBriivts o imsml KoMmiOns x ptwiis) cf,'

Apptdx 0pos'

App.ax 6pov x p1(0fis) te,Todofis 2a0i x p1(0fis)mm. B. C. 1 12.

19 lines . Onthe versoaheadingm[l iv 1131 r, ( i r i t)

followed byalist of Baothtxol yi wpyol withamounts inartabae rangingfrom15 to 125. 14 lines.

160. Fragments of the first columnofavpobtaAo-ywp b

smums drawnup by M enches, similar to 89 andmentioning (bpaxpal) 61:oi (ros) (cf. 6 7 . 66, note). B. C. 120 - 1 1 .

161. 27-20. 14 7 x 10 8 cm. (Fr.a). Duplicate of 92, withadditional lines,

butmutilated ; cf. p . 409and notes on92. Late second century B. C.162. 13

-2. 30-1 x 54 cm. Three complete columns ofaregister of rents

and tax es paid by Bamhtml yempyof, similar to 98and 94 . The namesarearrangedalphabetically , those preserved beginning with[ Iand T . AboutB. C. 1 12.

163 . 15-5 . 31 x 106 cm. F ive nearly complete columns ofanother similar

register dealing withnames beginning with[ 1. About B. C . 1 1 2.

164 . 1 7-5 verso. Translationofademotic contract (cf. P. Brit. M us. 3and

P. LeydenP) between Petesuchusand M enches (probably the komogrammateus)for the sale or cessionof landat Kerkeosiris, written inanuncialhand in two columns withfrequentmistakes in spelling andgrammar. The upper portionismuchmutilated. Col. i. (1)&vrtiypmpovavyypa¢ iis Alyvnrfas (2) p ianmmvi vp i vns mnl [fabvva(3)rev [14 letters] iv Ki px i ooqmt n'is I'Io (4)A[i1tw]vos p i pfbos rail ’

Ap<rwoel[mvopm’i (5) ivxai pws réivmyoimvv-mv (6) Hdu oofikosasml[16 letters] (7) m]l purpos [ Ivyw ‘ (8)6M “

‘

EltM v ivxwpiwt r w ov[ (9) M eyxfin r illmll Utrec

oo[6]xov (10)roiiml ’

Ammvlov pun-

pas Odotros rw[ ( 1 1)aq [. o roG

rpmoii r[611]ov r ii v &vi v ( I 2) $09 i [v] B [ohm-fiat riis p i v 111167 49

aWfiy’

i ( I 3) 609. A fter two lines giving the wnxwpol of the W es

the papyrus proceeds (l. 15)xarci re. o]v yi pos i v (16)rg'

iml Kepx [e]o[alelpet (1. iv followed by some other village name)f f;ml Kelpnoc tpa] ri s

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524 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

or i tpavos tax (cf. 254, note)headedmr’

&vbpaor i tpdvov. Thepayersare Baouhml yeopyot or cleruchsand theamounts vary fromi to13} artabae. Late second century B. C.

171. 273 9. 30-5 X 43 cm. Four columns

,of whichthree are complete,

fromalist of Baotluxol yewpyofand cleruchs withamounts inartabae,similar to 170and perhaps part of the same document. Inthe first

columnandahalf the paymentsare irregular, inthe last twoandahalfcolumns theyare either i , 1 or 2artabae. Late second century B. C. Onthe versotwocolumns ofalist of Baodtucol yi wpyof withdatesand smallamounts of corn, followedafterablank intervalbyacolumngiving namesof Bammot yewpyot’ withlargeramounts of wheat and lentils paid on

different days, andheaded ba(vefwv) (rrvpofi) (Dapyoiiot 111,

apparently repayments of loans of seed- corn cf. 81. (6)313—6,note.

172. 16-1 . 29 x 75 cm. Parts of six columns fromatax ing- list of BarnAurolyewpyofwithpayments inwheat, lentils and barley for tax esand loans(cf. 93 e.g.

'.Q.posM uct

'

wvos (vvpoii)pyL i'

,6a(ve1'ov) a1_ w i thd

(vov) 6a(v¢fov)yLb', x eB'

, A0(11ral) t y'

, I x'

b'a, 06 ( L,

aL , i 15¢9(pfwv) Bb'

, ss’

, A0(11ral) 1aB'. Payments of4%artabae for domipov (cf. 98 . 16 note)and of ganartaba(cf. 115 . 20, 30)occur. Late second century B. C.

173. 263 x 375 cm. Parts of four columns of aland- survey of

Kerkeosiris similar to 84and 8 5 . One entry ismuses)i x émeva)&pxdou va)v6(rov) rc

‘

t nepl rev'

IBIw(va) réiv (Elmomevrapoupmv) t i bia. Late secondcentury B . C. Onthe versoparts of three columns ofasimilar survey inadifferenthand.

174 . 28-1 7 . 30 x 95 cm. E ight columns, nearly complete ex cept the first,of avpobtahoywposmum's (cf. beginning [

"E rovs 1rapd M eyx eiovs

xwpoypkpuar iws [Ki px i oo'

t'

paos vpobtakoywpbs athtxos imx upaQalov) [7 06avrofi (i rovs){mox emi vawe ] i ybupmp ivwv [ias The rest of this columnand thenex t containasummary oftheamounts paidand owing. The totalreceipts up to the 28th(of Pharmouthi)were artabae ofwheat for1110069, 70 for rpcxofvncov, 4§ for xpdor ts (OqBalmv),and 24artabae of barleyfor 0ncavpo¢vha1r1x 6v, leaving still owingmower?)“f, I (W poii)¢ 1§¢amfi 01

,

ti , (rvpoii) px ¢ax 06 p. This is followed by six

columns ofadetailed list of individual payments of rentsand bdrmby

the BamAtml yi wpyof, e.g. Ke¢ahas Hereaoflx ov ¢a(mi3) e, ba(veiov)B,Onthe verso (1)amuchobliterated list of payments incorn (2)alist ofyewpyot to whomloanshad beenissued withtheamounts severally duefromthemandactually paid,headedm[r’

6v6(pa) barrie r .

DE SCR IPTI ON S 525

Anexample of the entries is '

Ap )x ts’

Epyiws (vvpofi)1 ¢a(mi3)1. 116 (1'pei)(1rvpoi3)i ¢a(mi3) 1, A0(11ral) (1114106) i (3)acolumnstating the

arrears,headed els riwB About B . C. 1 12 .

17 5 . 23 x 34 cm. Amiscellaneous account in four columns, thefirstand fourthbeingmutilated . Col. 11 is dated inthe [1]7thyear (ofPtolemy Alexander or N eosDionysus)and begins withalist ofpaymentsfor wages ond ifferent daysat artabaeachmanper day (cf. 117 . 47- 8

,

note), the total beingm6l (mpoii)6" (dprdBat)6B’

rivé at x ofi)

(niAavrov)a411 . This is followed byalist of payments for various purposes, including 120 dr. foravr épfvbpa, 3800 dr. for 8 dr. of silver (aratioof 475 : N ex t comesalist of thirty- twonames summed upat the endas AB dvd ¢f€ , xa(1\ xoi3) (rdkavra) y 11. The last column is part ofanotheraccountandhasaconversionof 8 silver dr. into 3700 copper

(aratioof 462 } B . C. 97 or 64. Onthe versoone completeand onemutilated columncontaining namesandamounts.

17 6 . 30-2. 5 4 x 6 6 cm. N ine incomplete lines fromthe protocoq adocument dated in the reignof E p iphanes (B. C. 204 (1) Bamhaiov

ros Ilroh[q.1alov f oil I’

lrohrpafov (2)ml 06c (btltonarwpwvi rovs (3) id)

’

lepiws [Urohqsafov flat? (4)i

AM Ecivhpou e[al Bali } :[ml 065 1: Evrpye‘

rfiv 5)ml 966” ¢ 1o lar6pwv]ml Oi i

Em[¢av6v, clOAocbdpov Bepi (6) vi x qs Efirpb/i rtbok Tpv¢a[q s 1779 (7)mumpripov ¢ 1Aabih¢{ov (8)Agtvov, [li pi fas ¢ 1I\o

v[dropos17 7 . 10 4 . Height 23 cm. S i x columns ofanaccount inalarge thickhand ,chiefly dealing withwine. A v i pfbimvovand fi rmoccur (cf. andax epdp tov of wine is priced at 2400 and 2300 dr. The six thyear (ofSoter I I or N eos Dionysus) ismentioned , i. e. B. C. 1 12- 1 or 76

-

5 . Onthe versosimilaraccounts inthe samehand .

178 . 23-1 1 . 318 x 1 7

-4 cm. A letter fromPolemontohis brother Heraclidesannounc inghis arrivalat the ndw (A lexandria)whitherhehadgone to see the dioecetes on some offic ialmatter,and giving anaccount of subsequent events there. Writtenintwonarrow columnsandcontinued on the verso (rd Aomcl ( inf low

,cf. 5 8 . 36)at right angles.

Incompleteandmuchobliterated . Late second century B. C .

179. 2 14 . Height 225 cm. Parts of five columns ofanaccount,mention

ing oivov x (di r) y’

Eu,1101

'

q dpyv(p1'

ov) x (rdAavrov)aTT(aratio of I :495 cf. A pp. i i), i ioayyeQi i)’

A, i ¢6bo¢si

A, “007 17 04167101? 7 ,

pax fpow '

A,1 029 7 06 iwwrdrov 7 1311 51 1 fihdooav x dp1(v)r6v

npoBci(v ) Late second century B. C .

526 TEB TUN IS PA PYR I

180. 19-2. 245 x 26 5 cm. List of namesandamounts inthree columns

,headed "Erovs 11BHaxa'w. elolv ol .xaM 6v i ls ritvmfmv Evpripo106 vaprl 1 08arpa(myoii) iAOdvr t. (l. iAd ros) i 1rl napa¢p( The namesAdv6ahos, ’

ABiix 19,"Q ras, I'Id arov, Erd dtos,andareraprovaihns occur.

The contributions vary from1 20 to 500 dr., the total being 4 talents150 dr. B. C. 92 or 59. Complete. 82 lines.

181. 23-19. 1 82 x 7 cm. A short list ofarticles,writteninasmall curs ivehand on the verso, the recto being blank (cf. p. A mwfi,mails, xak xfi xol

‘m(f) (bronze choenix measure)and 61rqv9( arementioned. Late second century B. C. Complete. 16 lines.

182. 5 -1 . 28-3 x 9 cm. A ccountofpayments forvarious purposes, including2 talents 5000 dr. for otvbdvmv, 1000 dr. 1039 iv Tammi , 3000 for 11po¢ 1§rov

560 for 6v01v06, 160 for vfrpov. Late second century B. C.Practically complete. 30 lines.

183 . 23-14. 29 x 78 cm. A petition to themyopmflumis (probably the

offic ial incharge of of Booms?) yfi)fromayi wpyds. The first

part of the document is obscure owing to large lacunae, but apparentlythe petitionerhad presentedallhis produce after theharvest at theBarnum: Onoavpds inorder to payhis rent

,and the komarchand yam

paro¢6ka£ together withthempoypammrevshad takenpossessionofmorethanwhat they were entitled to for rent, and perhaps forcedhimtoresignhis tenancy. The petitionconcludes fivdymoav rapaxwpfioat r ip

[mymflvoy ivnv yiiv N ew 1tr1v (6praB6v) 116 wapabofi vcu ( IS 16

Bamhtmv p i rpcp [ifaydotvfa611ip (i vml ivi rvxov 1.1c 1

(cf. 66 . 60, note)ml 106 xwhsdpxkv i fwohq o'aui vov imo'

ra[r poc ]i rafi v1101 16 6011116 1101 7 01176111. [ram62p i x pt [r]oi3viiv (ply)6i 61m1o11pn[7 1116]rovi 1116f[6]w;1l 001 firms ofiro1 [mra]ara0ivreso'lrv 16 1 xwpoypapparel' [ivavkymofla‘im

(l. - vo1) 1101ml [16 i 11¢61010v ( is ratifovs M afinkavrt r[&wd opval p01 16 A01116v (mvpov), 66 d1ri 1[060

'

1 11]arao'riiaat i 1r[l] 1611a'rpa

Late second century B. C.

184 . 73 . Several fragments containing on the rectoalist of paymentsof corn ondifferent days, and on the versoanaccount. 12 dr. of

silver are converted into 5400 dr. of copper at the rate of 1800

copper dr. for astater,i. e. aratio of 1 : 450 ; cf. A pp. 11. Late

second century B.C.18 5 . 20 6. Several fragments containing parts of three columns ofanaccount

resembling 112 . A conversionof silver into copperataratio ofoccurs — 11poayef(vovra1)mp6 Oiwvos 6116 6pyv(plov) (6pax116v) A? 1B i v

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5 28 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

B 6va¢op6(s) (rdAavrov)a, Kovpfas 616 romfpx (ov) 6pyv(pfov) x 6 dv6’

Ax v w

(aratio of I povoyp(d¢co1) role ygdpyo‘

t‘

g)wapa6 07 171 fiyepéiv

’

Av, yewpyol'

s a’

Ax ,'

Epp lq.’

A11fa1(vos)6p

~

y15(pcov)flT E (aratioof 1 400, cf. A pp . i i), i ls 116A1(v) (6paxpal)1Bdvd

i

Ax y xaii) (aratioof 1 mpoiwv T,015mmvv

, 606 1! W ,

xp10fis Ly'

(sc . ofanartaba)x , iAat'ov xorvOtéiv)y 15. Early first century B. C.

190. 19 1 2. x 40 cm. Two columns,withends of lines ofapreceding

one, ofanaccount similar to 120—1,followed by two columns ofalist of

names. Among the entriesareml 11poo'

yl(vi rat) i¢661(ov) rots 0100661 110xdpw rail (cf. 250)

’

A,ml & (Aat) vapao§vyfis (6paxpal)B,ml 111110136) i ls ovvvltrflpwmv)B1. 6 1.

’

Aw. Onthe verso three columns ofaccountsheaded 16m(0’

i v &v mentioning rmipv xofpov (6paxpal)11,r tply(v)x (o¢3v)y

’

Aw, 616¢0pov 611199 (cf. 5 5 . 5)r , 11f00v p, 6A6s E , 1105e (cf.

112 . introd .)px , Kapfov Early first century B. C.191. 19

-13. 22 7 x 39 5 cm. S ix incomplete columns ofaccounts similar to180, perhaps part of the same document,mentioning 16 1 vapc‘t 1 06 cum-d r

ruroi'

i) iAGofim(1. -061m)x dp(1v)rfis 6prwv p, 1131 T iBrvv(fr t61)6pfo

~rovmrahe( rv, vpdowv fillefioéiv) B 11, t 1i xofpwv B (6paxpal) li .

A conversionof silver into copper drachmaeat 1850 forastater (1 46si)occurs. On the verso one short column ofanaccount. Early first

century B. C.192. 21 -1 . 293 x 34

-1 cm. Three columns ofanaccount inmoney ,muchobliterated ; twomore columns onthe verso. Late second century B. C.

193. 2 1 -3. 29 x 66 em. F ive columns ofalist ofnames (chiefly cleruchs)andartabae,headed Aomoyp(a¢ofivm1) el[s Onthe verso several columnsofasimilar list. Late second century B. C.

194 . 1 8-4. 31 x 272 cm. A demotic document consisting of 7 lines, partlyobliterated. On the versoashort account dated in the twentiethyear, Thoth(B. C. 95 or headed Ao'yos rfis yeyovvfas 62 11611119 ( ls roils

i y Bepevucfbos.

195 . 18-5 . 22-8 x 45 -5 cm. Several columns of anaccount,muchobliterated. On the verso

,four incomplete columns of anaccount in

alargehand. The second isheaded Adyar vopfiov followed by nameswithnumbers of vope

‘

laandamounts (of corn?) e. g. Herefiow 110p1§(a1v)6 y

’ay’

. The eighteenthyear ismentioned (B. C. 95—4 or 62196 . 18-6. 297 x 294 cm. One complete columnwithfragments of two

others fromalist of names and ( 167 11, written in the samehand as195 verso. Each( 6670s is reckoned at 800 drachmae. Writtenontheverso, the rectobeing blank. Early first century B. C.

DE SCR IPTI ON S 5 29

197 . 13-

3. 31 x 42 cm. Two complete columns ofalist ofBaodttml yw pyofwithpayments inartabae ; cf. 15 9 . On the verso twomore columnsofasimilar list. Late second century B. C.

198 . 9-8. 18 8 x 38 5 cm. Parts of four columns ofalist ofBaodtucolyempyof,

followed by totals of the payments, e. g. EC6v(6) Ly’

(sprees ) veLy'

.

On the verso parts of five columns ofanaccount similar to 112. Latesecond century B. C.

199. 2 7-

40. Height 293 cm. Ends of lines ofanaccount of paymentsfor ar i tpavos, followed by six columns ofalist of Baomx ol yewpyof withsums of wheat and lentils due fromthem, the amounts actually paidbeing added in some cases. This isheaded "

E rovs 6 Haik u 1,mr’

6v6pa cf. 9 8 . B. C. 1 13.

200. 29-8. 2 2 -8 cm. Twocolumns, the first being complete, ofalist of

namesandamounts, written inalarge coarsehand . Onthe versothreecolumns ofanaccount inthe samehand , the third beingheaded A67 0;¢afi6 1(o)s ol’vov x i (pdp. ta)B dvd '

Av’

Em. Early first century B. C.

201. 29-

9. 28 8 x 26 4 cm. A demotic document of 8 lines, complete. A t

the bottomadocket ( 1)"Erovs Kg‘

Aoi 0. wimw[a< ev (2) ifltKEAfliet 6rotirov 11 B . C. 90 ?

202. 29-10. 29-8 x 25 -5 cm. A nearly complete columnand beginnings of

lines ofanother,fromalist ofnames andamounts inartabae. Onthe

versofour lines beginning (”

Er-our)B roiimla, Arfy(os)M ea'opi) x 6. For thedate cf. P. G renf. I I . 38. 2 1 . Probably the reignof Berenice IV withA rchelaus ismeant, i . e. B. C. 5 6 ; cf. 103 . introd .

203 . 30 5 x cm. A ccount of rents inthree columns, of whichone is nearly complete. Late second century B. C.

204 . 284 9. x 24 2 cm. Two incomplete columns ofalist of shrinesat Kerkeosiris withastatement of the land owned by them, similarto 8 8

,but less detailed . Late second century B. C .

205 . 28-20. 30 x 50 cm. Four columns, of whichthreeare complete, ofalist ofBamM Kol yewpyofandamounts inartabae cf. 15 9 . Late second

century B. C.

206 . 2- 1 . 23 x 35-

5 cm. S ix columns ofalist of namesandamounts ofcopper drachmae paid ond ifferent days. Early first centu ry B. C .

207 . 2 -2 . 1 7-

4 x 40 8 em. F ive columns, of whichthe lower partsare lost,ofalist of namesand amounts of copper drachmae. Onthe versotwocolumns ofasimilar list

,the first beingheaded i vex ripwv 7 08

’A06p 616

X eépet(o)s. Late second or early first century B. C.

208 . 1 -

5 . 23~8 x 30 cm. Two complete columnsand ends of lines of one

Mm

530 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

preceding fromanaccount of payments for various purposes, dated inthenineteenthyear, Phamenoth. Among the entriesare 619 farptw opov (cf.112. 2) xwafbors “ovoid ye (apparently not “

yard/Vow)Hereaoiuov) Oeoii ycydhov x p¢(069) (&prdfiat) wopefors xal broods ( ls

Tkfirfivwmi. 81: Tefidfivews) Kpt(0fis‘)aL at M coofi ) y

pe'

rpmo vo(1rafov) a, &vocr roMfis)’Appwvlm7 6 ; vapd A ¢o¢dwov ml

‘

Eppoxpdmt 1t0AtflK(6 t)mlvovat év rots 3200 dr. of copper

are converted into wheatat 840 (foranartaba)making 33artabae. In

the first columnpayments of cornaremade pe'rpq) B. C. 95or 62. Onthe verso onemutilated and one complete columnofalistof names.

209. 16 . Height 297 cm. Two fragments containing tencolumns, ofwhichfive are practically complete, of accounts of amiscellaneouscharacter. Col. i i i begins

'H) u.s b rapovowlov (rdAan-ov)ao, xa(m; ( PA: orpa( 2:ba( 2

» (rdhavrov) 0 vav( "is xa( )Pf:M )n.moa( 2

. WM x ¢ t( (fflam)BWM.1W W )(bpaxpal) £5

"

(rdAam-ov)a(bpaxpai) fpx (aratio of cf. A pp. ii),

A0(urai) (rdhavrov)a weptbtmwv '

Epp ( q, wpooooxfls) A to‘

M c iov)A tbtioaov)r ,ovvrdfew(s)wal(6wv)T M Eapa(1rfwvos)bu ypafibfis)Grapovfirlov i‘)T. Other entriesare inapbcvfiats, cf. 108 , introd.)y (sc . x epdma), ( revs 4;

<bapp (oi30c)b yéypa(1rra¢)7431m( ba( re(pdma)6 34? c,i odd“)poveypdfifim)Novfimvfov)mrra(x lov) ’

lmbé(rovP)re(prime)7 xai x etpoypdfiptu)roii avroii Novomvfov) x e(pdp.tov) [a], N ucévoph) &wo ffL 6. Con

versions of 4 drachmae of silver into 1800 of copperand 20 of silver into9 160 of copper ( l : 45oand 1 : 45 8)are also found. The six thywrefers to N eos Dionysus probably (B. C. Onthe versofive columnsofaccounts inthe samehand ,muchobliterated .

210. 1 1 -5 . 197 x 225 cm. Part ofanundertaking withregard to the leaseofap iece of land (PBaotk tx i) apparently couched in the formofasaunas. 5px“ , but preceded byanabstract likeanordinary contract.The lesseeagrees topay the rent perpau fa. rfis x épns éfax owt

'

xm(3c. { c lrd] éx dx iptabrflakm“ermine; btxalat,ml p t‘xpt 7 06 yrmofiyw Oat ( caromimpavijs ooc

’

re xal [ro]'i s amp[a] rfis Baodtforms a’

1'mé[pa]v indent?

.]mov ywdpevos npbs rots rard r ijv yewpylavml 7 0[ m5Bwpoii Qgpe

'

vovs o'

x évms mirror mi “nab: 1rr[plmore»rexmiaew sar i; [unbkvamow n

’

ro[pxoi3]zmp ip. p c t 65 elm. i cptopx oiint

rd évaaml bdvetaare coupled withthe lxdx ipcaintheabstract ;cf. 61. (a)313- 6

,note. Writteninthe eleventhyear of Cleopatra(which

the eighthof Ptolemy A lexander), i . e. B. C. 107 - 6.

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532 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

holdings, rents and crops, similar to 217 . On the versoanother listof namesand payments. Late second century B. C .

221. 7-5 . 29 x 205 cm. One nearly completeand part ofanother column

ofaccounts similar to 112,mentioning rmfi s)mmv éAaiov '

A. Writtenonthe verso; the recto is stainedand illegible. A bout B. C . 1 12.

222. 76 . Height 278 cm. Fragments of several columns ofaland - survey

of Kerkeosiris, similar to 84and 8 5 . One sect ionbeginsawe.poppa(atdmyfluérov)&v 7 6 ; mkovpe'[v]wt &pxoou‘my) dvmfluérov)aim) r é

‘

w r cpt

®eoyovfb[a] nebfwv v6(rov)62rd vpoyeyewOLerpnpéva)ngpla trim1 6})t t

I qy(pveptet)\npnévov i‘) napa(befoov)éprfluov)[ab’

,m(raJtef1rovra¢){GA (cf.60. 4 Onthe versoanother similar survey ,muchobliterated . Latesecond century B. C .

223 . 23-23. x 8 cm. A letter toCritonfromhis brother, giving details

of the purchase or sale of various articles. Writtenon the verso, therectohaving only theaddress Kpfrcom(cf. p. Late second centuryB. C. Incomplete. 27 lines.

224 . 23-28. Height 22 cm. Several fragments of whichthe largest contai

two complete narrow columnsand parts of twoothers fromanaccount ofaclub (i’) cf. 118 . Col. i t begins Tiifit ty ofvov x e(papfov)a’

B,&prmv{ov} B

p ,’

Bp . eloOv)hopes .oL &o(ci) pf followed by the names of twelvepersonsand the total tfi,

I &rbe‘mpoO)y, A0(mol)0. Three of the names

haveastrokeagainst themindicating that they were the chromium( i. e.

those whopaid nothing for their entertainment ?) cf. 226 . Col. i i i gives

alist of eight févoc,and oivo(v) x (o'

cs)’

Bp occurs lower down. Latesecond century B. C. Onthe verso three columns, of whichone is complete, ofanaccount of payments connected withvarious M polae. g. Times0Adyosmfipov (l. t pov)waomdxfis)(l. fine .)fi s (fi vpofi)AB, (1supofi)&prafifiv

pfi, A0(mal) (1rvpoi3)&prafiéiv i , followed by alist of names and smallamounts of wheat whichmake 83artabae. The nex t entry is A670:

«Afipov (l. -

pov)flereaoiixos (l. -

xov) 0606 (r vpoii) AO,’

Ardms y', Hafims b',N ucciras Balms p, auroii)x dm‘z (W pofi)px Ly’

,To aB'. Inthe entry

concerning Bofms‘ 120 copper drachmaeare the value of artaba(cf. 117 .

18, note). Hehad received 600 dr.

, i. e. gartaba, beingapparently six

days’

wagesat 100 dr.aday. B. C. 108.

225 . 23-29. 29

-

4 x cm. Parts of twocolumns ofanaccount (probably ofM enches

, cf. 112. headed ['Ero]vs b Kalax cc.moor '

Apfiqx iiv .]rosAdyos rail bebofiravnpévov ris f in: xpefav [flog Kalax . B. C. 1 14.

226 . 23-21 . Parts of several columns ofanaccount. Aheading (we. is

followed by alist of namesandamounts incopper. Inanaccount of

DE SCR I PTI ON S 533

payments for oil, wine, &c ., occurs the entry &(mv q e

p. (cf. Onthe versoanother columnofaccounts inthe samehand.

Late second century B. C.227 . 1 -7. gox 107 cm. A complete demotic document of 25 lines inall,

writtenonthe verso, the rectocontaining only the title cf. p . 143. Earlyfirst century B. C.

228 . 1 -8 . 2 1 x cm. Fragment containing onthe recto14 incomplete linesofademotic document,and onthe verso parts of 7 lines ofanaccountmentioning the thirteenthyear (of N eos Dionysus), i . e. B. C . 69

- 8.

229 . 24-2 . 23

-6 x 136 cm. Anaccount of com- transport beginning (”Erovs)10Uafim. Ao

'

yos (moor?)1 08 ( is Bepa'urflba)&nemaApe'vov bid Unfi vws pupa1r(o$o P). ‘Pevoflda-ret xm'ofloox éi t (1rvpoi3)C. Other entriesare duedefibr(moi) (cf. 119 . 46) 6? m)(vos) dvg ( B. C. 97 or 62 .

Practically complete. 2 1 lines. On the versoafew lines ofanotheraccount inthe samehand.

230. 23-

9. 19~

4 x 15 ~

3 cm. Part ofapetition complaining ofanassault.Lines 10 sqq. oIsmi nvvx povodvrwvml rpavparfoam'es t'vnairréiv ( is (twin!&ppqrmv v¢ehop ( u[wl {wt-iv ml. rfit npoxflufvmta(i ii/ ( repair 7 179 (5smpmecro'vr f s [flkroofpet imxao pe

'

t Aex dprrwt (or 63 d nwt)c v inT[rfilnivewsmraax ormiovn (5 ;ml p q xpdfiw 1m{. dwozuioauresmlrobs r[i]oeA06vras ( is [fa] i v rfizmi pqtm'mylteiou iva?»mi gypefvaw os ye’xph]w x ros [owning ml i y xparei sm’rrofi yevdpcvmnapebeimp w '

HpaxAeibec réi t éww rdretml&px tdzvkax frmaimolempufie‘flq ohear-fats rptBax oi saw l xal xm‘

émxal x pcieau xaimum. Late second century B. C. Beginningand end lost. 25 lines.

231. 24-

9. Height 30 cm. Several columns ofaprivateaccount inalargeuncultivatedhand , writtenonboths ides of the papyrus. Among theentriesare bandi t"mpbax w rfiE ,

aéknrfiv, ores/Jame p, «is rd“(may px , 2 017 5v’

Ex . The eighteenthyear ismentioned . i . e. B. C. 97- 6 or 64

-

3.

232. 2 7-24. 27 x 1 1 -

5 cm. Part ofatax ing- list consist ing of 1 7 évrrépovpot

néxnlor, whose namesare preceded by (17pm) (&prclfins)and who eachpay5 } artabae ; cf. 98 . 77 sqq.

,fromwhichitappears that the tax here was

really artabaonthe aroura, not and 218 and 24 5 . Below thesecomes the entry (fip iov)(time/3119)Hereoofix os)06 (as)badflereooflxov)(uvpofi)Bfi

'mi clocfiopfis BLb', (fipwv)(&prdflns)'

Opo¢voii¢ ts Odes)L ( Impopas L , a. Cf. 98 . introd . Late second century B. C.

233 . 27-29. 21 x cm. Parts of two columns of calculations concerning

land indifferent neptxaipara. Onthe versoparts of two columns ofalistof fiaodtrxoi yewpyol withastatement of theirholdingsand rents . The

534 TE B TUN IS PAPYR ]

word bm¢0pei rat (presumably followed by afigure whichis lost)wasinsertedafter the entries insome cases. Late second century B. c .

234 . 27-

45 . 31 x 1 12 cm. A completeaccountheaded ( Enos) 6x 6. i ae fovs A tovv(<rlov)

'

rrepe( oivov x e(pdma)B ’

E x , 3A(afov)we,&pf(mv)

pk, bf( 1w0v)2 , (rdhavrov)a(bpaxpai)re, followedalist of names, withtheheading nadwof. B . C. 1 I 4.

235 . 27 Height 29 cm. Parts of three columns ofalist of payments inkind by cleruchsand others. The names UanveBrfims "Anthems,HereppoiiOtsEapé‘

vros,‘

App u’

ims WeveOérov occur. Onthe versoacolumnofanaccountinwheat. About B . C. 123 ; cf. 286 .

236 . 27 -47 . Height 292 cm. Fragments ofavpobcaAoyp s cm-

ucds drawnup by Theon, ypappareizs yewpyéiv (cf. 268and P. Fay . Towns 18. (a)1)ofKerkeosiris, inthe forty- seventhyear of E uergetes I I (B. C. 124 cf.

8 9 . 285 , whichis writteninthe samehand, is perhaps part of the samedocument.

237 . 27 -48. 14-2 x 14 cm. Fragment ofacopy of official correspondence,containing 7 incomplete lines fromthe end ofaletter concerning xoparoypacpfat, followed byashort letter fromIrenaeus (the dioecetes, cf. 27 . 2)toHorus (the bas ilico-

grammateus, cf. 27 . asking for the xwparoypa¢£a¢ tobemade upand sent tohim,and enclosingacopy ofashortletter fromI renaeus toAsclepiades (6 Int remr poaébcov, cf. 27 . A boutB. c . 1 14. 14 lines.

238 . 9-

3. 24-2 x l 7 -6 cm. The first columnof avpobtaxoywy os ‘

ll'

p

drawnup by M enches inthe second year (B.C. 1 16- 5)and consisting ofasummary of cornreceived ondifferent days inthemonths Pharmouthi,Pachon, and Pauni. The total for Pharmouthi is ‘added up as n'i(r)Aviat i on) x (pt0fis) that for Pachonas hi s BAflNrews)TEQ'B'

,&rb év énemdAGat A0(urai) i v npoxmflac)

239 . 288 . Height 14 cm. Part ofacopy ofofficial correspondence regarding the cession(rapax exwpfiwat)ofaxhfipos of 5 arourae toPhilonautessonof Apollonius inthe third year (B. C. 1 15 similar to 80and 81.

The first three linesarealetter fromMarres toM enches (cf. 81. 2enclosingaletter fromHorus toMarres (cf. 81. 6 itself enclosingaletterfromA ristippus 0

'

node rfic ovwdfa7 61:mrofmw lmrécov toApollonius, thepredecessor of Horusas basilico-

grammateus (cf. 80. 1o whohadforwardedapetition fromPhilonautes whichis lost. Writtenacross thefibres. E ight incomplete lines, withtheaddress M eyx et onthe verso.

240. 1-9. 30 x 13 5 cm. Statement of theadjacentareas ofapiece of land,mentionmgaM r .]urosmi [éjbpaywydg famwov [ti]1robox iov,and 6 (l. 6)

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536 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

248 . 12 10. Height 30 5 cm. Parts of twocolumns ofasimilar list dealingwithnames beginning withNand II . A bout B. C. 1 1 2.

2. Fragments of several columns ofanother similar list dealingwithnames beginning with<l> , perhaps part of 168 . A bout B. C. 1 1 2.

x 17 cm. Parts of two columns ofanaccount, the second

beginning"Eraur M eoopni to, Ady[0(s)npos

’

A]uew£av rev dbeMx iv,

andmentioningmvvdpuopwvandmay . B . C . 74~ On the verso partsof two columns ofanotheraccount dated in the same year.

25 1. 19-

4. x 147 cm. A shortaccount beginning baudvns M yosandmentioning paxatpo(¢6pa11) xw(p.dpxov x , bemm’i t (cf. 27 . 31)A. Earlyfirst century B. C. N early complete. 16 lines. On the verso someefl'aced lines.

252. 19 5 . Height cm. Two fragments containing parts of threecolumns ofawages-account, chiefly for stone work. M yos occursasaheadingand paymentsaremade to Zpydracat 1 20 dr.aday ; 1 talentis paid for pnsmmflhaw Dated inthe twentiethyear (B. C. 95—4or 62

25 3 . 19-

9. x 24o8 cm. Three incomplete columns ofanaccount, the

first twodealingmainly withwineandmentioning payments of 1 x epdpwv

7 6 ; x epafiui),and 3 Eovx uflan). The third columnbegins é'rovs in’

Enel¢n.napovorf(as)1'e naperoii ovvraxflmfi (cf. 80. 6,note)évnvex dmra&mordM (ov)oivov x e(pdmov)a’

A ,&prwv (ev(yéiv) 9 1. 25, ikafov femmfi p, x vmcfvov f,

bfrrvov 2,

’

Ax £. ml 3¢obf(ov)&pyv(pfov) (opaxpal)s'

, (rdhavrov)a'

Arf.The 6 dr. of silverare thus converted into 2700 dr. of copper, i. e.aratioof 1 :450 (cf. A pp . B. C. 96 or 63.

25 4 . 20-

7. 30 x 10-5 cm. A petitiontoAsclepiades r cSv 6110 e rate] «myyevt

‘atmi 311i réiv rrpomflbwv] (cf. 27 . 98)fromthe Baodtucol 7 60p of

Kerkeosiris, for themost part efl'aced. A bout B. C. 1 13.

25 5 . 20-8. 26 x 144 cm. Concluding columnofaland- survey ofKerkeosirissimilar to 84and 8 5 ,headed (1m) Ba(ppa)mi &mOudr-ou)&mi (Moon)060mim(viisP)yfis i v (r)61mito[vye't ] Wevafioa neptxéfimfl),and ending fl

'

isLate second century B. C .

25 6 . 28-1 1 . Fragments of several columns ofanaccount similar to112andperhaps belonging to it,mentioningaconversionof 1 2 silver drachmaeinto copper at 1640 (forastater)making 4920, i .e.aratio of 1 : 410

(cf. A pp. A bout B. C . 1 12. On the verso some arithmeticalcalculations.

25 7 . 29 1 1 . N umerous fragments ofalong privateaccount writtenonbothsides of the papyrus inalarge uncultivatedhandand chiefly consisting of

DESCRIPTIONS 537

names and amounts,mentioning riis ioobfias (cf. 96 . 2)yare pt, 7 11.

Early first century B. C.

25 8 . 30-

5 x 8 cm. A complete demotic document of 16 lines. Latesecond century B. C.

259. 5-

4. 28 x 7-6 cm. A nearly complete demotic document of 20 lines,probably anaccount. Late second century B. C. Anotheraccount of20 lines indemotic onthe verso.

260. 5 -

5 . Fragments ofadocumentmentioning Hrox epacxoii vopfrmaros(cf. P. Leyden0. 10 On the versoamutilated letter fromA pollonius to Marres

,dated (é’rous)p [. Cf. p . 166. B. C. 130

—12 1 .

261. 5 -6 . 15 ~4 x 14~

3 cm. Fragment of atax ing- listheaded ”

Erovs ”C,

giving payments by various persons, probably Bad d ux ol yewpyoi , for

rents and Several conversions of olyrainto wheat at theratioof 5 : 2 occur ; cf. 246 . B. C. 1 24—

3 ?

262. 2 -

3. 23 x 26 2 cm. Twonearly complete columnsand part ofathirdofanaccount, chiefly consisting of namesand amounts. Payments of

7 talents 2000 dr. Boot/V i , 200 dr. for 15 00 for Babwmkdfim),80 for xptflfis (i. e . artaba

, probably the oldartabaof 40 choenices ;cf. p . 233 and P. Fay . Towns 10 for x poppflov). Late secondcentury B. C.

263 . 4- 1 . Fragments of atax ing- list,headed "

Erovr AB,mpa ypanpur ims yempyéiv (cf. containing anaccount of payments owed for

&C. Probably B. C. 139- 8.

264 . 1 7 2 . Breadth8-2 cm. Fragments of apetitionfromaBaa-Webs

ycwpyo'

s complaining that some persons had takenadvantage ofhisabsence inthe fields to dohimsome injury ,

concluding [s ummonrbv

v [mi r ]tva9 réiv (pdhdxmv i ]1ri. r[i1]v Hereppovfltos olx lav napi bwmriyv Tamyr’imvml rev Oiwvai v 1131airréi t bu)npooayyiM w

001 6'a 157107 66179 oi smarine fv

'

i xwt i v xpnparmmflt. flirtix et. Latesecond century B. C.

APPE N DI X I

THE LAND or Ksax sosmrs AND ITS HOLDERS.

OF the large collectionof ofli cial papers fromthe bureau of M enches,komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris fromabout B. C. 120- 1 1

,aconsiderable pro

portionis concerned withthe tenure, cultivationand revenue of the land . Thewholeareawithinthe boundaries of the village was 4700arourae (60. 3, 61. (a)15 7 , 62. 3 orabout 2400acres, whichinthe fifty

- second year of E uergetes I I(B. C. 1 19

—8)were distributedas follows (60. 4-

47 , 61. (a) 15 7—8)arourae

findhoyov 6¢opovlee?! Vii«M eovxwhviinapdbewotvopal inn-Os 111000

5

06019

Bamhcm‘; yfiOne of the chief duties of the komogrammateuswas to draw upannually 3 seriesof reports regarding the ownershipand cultivation(ma¢6M ov 82. 2, 2 , &c.)of theseareasand the revenue derived fromthem. Thus 62, 68 , 6 5and 141- 7

containlists ofholders of and xAnpovxmip 7 17 (whichare grouped togetherasbeing land i v droi d-a; cf. 5 . 36

-

7 , note), while 8 6—70and 15 8 - 5 are statementsof the Crownland under cultivationand its rents,and 74 - 5 are concerned withCrownland whichhad gone out of cultivation. The informationcontained inthose reports was embodied withsome elaborationof detail inaclass ofmuchlonger documents (&rohoywpol 866410119 80. 25 , 61. (b) 216)of which6 1, 64 and72are specimens. These not only giveaminuteaccount of the distributionofthe whole 4700arourae (118111 i badws' 60. especially that portionwhichbelonged

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540 TE B TUN I S PA PYR I

examinationof the other divisions, (a) the new), (6) the i rréxoyov M opov, (c)thevapdbewm, (d) the vouaf.

(a)The ground occup ied by the village itselfwiththe free space round it(nepftrraats 60. 4)was inall 705}arourae (60. 4, 61. (a) but included inthisarea(i v nepcp i rprp 60. 38, 61. (a)150)were I } arourae of napdbewor, whicharestated in60. 39 tohave beenused for growing vegetables, but tohave becomedesert. S ince rapdbewoz formaseparateheading these 1} arouraeare deductedfromthe 703, leaving arouraeas thenetareaof the villageand its weplcmms.(b) The ex tent of the findho'yov 6¢opov i x rbs 111100606019as it is called in60. 7

(cf. 61. (a)15 7)was 169193arourae. The technical termswam»as applied to

land , whichis ex tremely common inthe papyri of this volumeandmeans inpractice uncultivated and therefore unprofitable land , was only known pre

viously fromasingle papyrus, P. Amb. I I . 68 ; and it is not surpris ing thatneither we whenediting that document nor M itteis in commenting upon it

(Z ei tsclzr . f . d. Savzjgny - s i zf tuvg ,1901 , p. 156) understood themeaning of the

word. Bothweand M itteis wished to interpret t'mdhoyov inthe sense of ‘ liable,’se. to taxation, thoughinl. 7 ,as we pointed out , thismeaning was unsu itable.

Liability to taxationisamost unlikelyattribute to select for describing landwhichbothinP. Amh. I I . 68. 7 (i f 017 ovbi v dwhéis etc Tobnpdcnovnepcyfverat)andfrequently inthe present volume (e . g. rivdAoyov &cjmpovhere, 17116Aoyov &q a-rov74 . 70) is stated to produce no revenueatall,andas suchis contrasted withland that was ondpmosand subject to tax es. It is with{Inflowsand 1szointhe sense of ‘

subtract (e. g. 7 2. 396 and 106 . 1 8) that fmdxoyov is to beconnected. Thismeaning shows itself very clearly inthe use of dvvwdhoyow,without deductions,’ in 6 1. (a)177 ,and ismuchmoreappropriate bothto thecontrast betweenneptywduevovand exam» in72. 454and 456,and to the treatment of the whole sectionof pamMm‘j yij iv thrown» The originof thetechnical use of the termnew” for unproductive land is to be looked for inthe fact of its beinga‘ deduction’

fromthe revenue-

y ieldingarea. To return

foramoment to P. Amb. I I . 68, while dwdhoyov in11. 3, 7 , 25and 37has thesame ex tended sense unproductive land as that found inthe Tebtunis papyri.in11. 28and 31 , where sw ims follows the signfor subtraction, it is used simplyfor what is deducted ,’ this beingmore fully ex plained inl. 31 pad throW ov)io

’

doov naparefvec v6(rov)ml Bappa. Another instance of t'mdhoyov inthe sense of

‘ deduction occurs inP. Par. 66. 36, wherealist of persons (ll. 10—35)whofor

various reasons were unable to work in connex ionwithdykes and canals issummed up 15110t 2113, and the 8460 vatca(cf. 7 6 . 9, note)accreditedto these 282 useless individualsare subtracted fromthe 32460 vatiBm(ll. 7and 9)whichrepresent the wholeamount of work tobe done.

APPENDIX I . 5 1 54:

The point of theadditionof theattribute emsmadamto this smnoyovwhichformsaclass by itself was todistinguishit fromthe {runway inthe Crownlandswhichhad beencultivated. The latter continued tohave its former rent (rbimyeypapp ivov i x ¢6p1ov)assigned to it,and these theoretical rents of land whichhad gone out of cultivationformalarge itemincalculating the total rentsascribedto the Crownlands (cf. 4and Hence indescribing suchland the phraseiv 111000

5

011 was sometimes used cf. 15 2. Theni 'n'dhoyov i x rds 1110005 06109 ontheotherhandhad never beencultivated,and thereforehad no rent evennominallyassigned it. Under thisheadingare includedavacant space used for threshingfloorsand pigeon-houses and probably the dykes, whichinthe survey

listsare generally called x céparai x rbsmuseum(e. g. 84 . 1 1 , 15 2) and if thevarious roads, canals, &C.

, whicharemeasured inthe survey listsare reckoned inthe 4700arourae of Kerkeosiris, they toomust fall under this category, forthere is no roomfor theminany of the others, the only trace of suchuncultivated areas elsewhere being the 4garourae of i faywyoimentioned under landi v incur ml i v &nohoywpq’i (72. While the phrase ems p tafldaews servesto distingu ishthis 151161107 011 fromthe other kind of findhoyov inthe BamAud)yfi,it was not sufl‘icient by itself to indicate that this 151119107 01: produced no revenue

,

for landmight be i x ‘

rOsmadam, i . e. not subject toalease, either theoretical oras actual,and yet be was xahx bv b1o1x 0v11 ivn, i. e. y ieldaprofit inthe shape ofmoney

tax es,as, for instance, the vopaf (v. inf ). Hence theadditionof theadjectivedtpopov inorder to show that the land inquestion,as such, was wholly unprofitable to the State.

It is noticeable that thoughmost of the findhoyov doopov i x rdsmuseumwasfromits nature incapable of becoming cultivated, this was notalways the casefor from61 . (b) 103 itappears that 693arouraehad once beenreclaimed fromland of this class,and leased to Baadtmol yewpyolat the rate of nearly 5artabaeupon the aroura

,arent whichwas afterwards found to be toohigh. Suchaproceeding isaclear indicationthat the ownership of this 6110'v snag 111001517 60 5

‘ was really vested inthe Crownlike that of the i ndhoyov i v 11 10816061 but theland was placed inaclass by itself because it was not subject toarentandthereforehad no influence uponthe totals of rents due fromthe yij for

which, whether paid or not, the komogrammateushad toaccount.(c) 21 } arourae wasat Kerkeosiris the totalareaof the rapébewm(60. 38,

61. (a)149)or,as theyare sometimes called (61. (a) 158, cf. 64 . (a) dpnehm.These two really distinct terms (c f. 61. (a) 15 2, note)are used indifl'

erently inreferring to this class of land. I } arourae of the 2 1} were inthe circumferenceof the villageandhavealready beenmentioned . I t is not unlikely that the8arourarapa(bef¢mv) imj(junv)owned by Dionysius sonof Pyrrhichus,acleruch

542 TE B TUN IS PAPYR ]

(62. wasapart of these,althoughthis 3aroura, whichformsan'

iteminthe«Anpovx cxfi, would inthat case be counted twice over. The remaining 20arourae,whichwerealso ipnyot, belonged to the temple of Suchus,and were thereforetepci yr)

"

(61. (a). so that the wapdbewotare not reallyadistinct class. Theex planationof their treatmentas suchis that, not beingmro¢6pos yfior pastureland, they were subject toqu iteadifferent set of tax es, e. g. the &aocpa(5 . 5 1 ,

note)and the Mpas &ymkévwv (P. Petrie I I . 43 (a) paid inmoney or kind ,

while the revenue fromacrocpdpos yijand pastures, whether paid incornormoney ,

was calculated inwheat, to whichall other kinds of payments were ultimatelyreduced cf. 4

-

5 .

(a')The vopal i x rbsawesome occup ied 1 75garourae (60. 4 1-

3, 61. (a)Justas the timikoyov indsmorOéaews was contrasted withthe timihoyov i v parade“,

so these pastures not subject toarent are opposed to the vopai inthe Booths ?)yij whichy ieldedarent incorn unlike the findhoyov,however, these w e!were

not 6¢opo¢, but 17p xak xov btourmipevac, i. e. they brought inamoney revenue.

This was probably the tax called inthe Ptolemaic period i vvdjuov or ( is vomit(cf. Wilcken, 031. I . pp. 191 , 265 From7 9 it appears that land in thiscategory was sometimes used formaking grants to cleruchs, like the imdAoyov inthe Crownlands (p. and probably it toowas really fiamAmj.

A result of our examinationof the sevenfold classificationso far is to showthat if, instead of the two princ iples employed by the komogrammateus,asingleprinc iple of division, namely the nature of the tenure, beadopted, the inflow»

5¢opov i x rds “1086 17 6019, napdbcwm,and vopal 3m); p i c-Oaiams disappearas separateentities,and weare left withfour really dist inct classes of land, the aim, iepd,xAnpovx uaj ,and fiaouhmj. The question thenarises— whathas become of the‘

private land,’ yfi lbcéxr trrosas it is called in5 . 1 1 1 , the yfi tam-mi whichis con

trasted withthe lcpdand fiaadlmj inP. Brit. M us. 604 (Cami . I I . p. 96)P Theanswer is that, ex cept perhaps under theheading of xa’mn, there was no privateland 'at Kerkeosiris. The land onwhichthehouses of the village stoodmaywellhave belonged to private owners,and possibly the I } arourae of napdbcwocwere Zbco

’

x rqros yli, though3atany rate out of the I } arourae was very likelycleruchic mp.) But the rest of the landat Kerkeosiris was either lepé, d upe»

xmj, or fiamAcmj ; and if weare right inthinking that xAnpovx urflwas nomoreprivate land thanthe lepd withwhichit is so frequently coupled, yii (M icmac,so faras land capable of cultivationis concerned, was practically non- ex istentatthat village. The ex planationof this somewhat remarkable cond itionofafl'ai rsis tobe looked for inthe ex ceptional character of the A rsinoite nome,muchofwhichhad only recently beenreclaimed fromastate of desert or swamp (cf.FaydmTowns, p. No doubt there was plenty of 365 15 1mm: in the

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544 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

Whichof the various temples of Suchus inthe Fayfimowned the 141}arouraeat Kerkeosiris is qu ite uncertain, but not improbably it was the chieftempleat A rsinoe. The profits werehowever slight, for throughout the periodcovered by 61—8 the land of Suchus is described as water- logged (ipfipoxos).20arourae of garden- land (napdbewm)were,ashas been stated, included in it(61. (a) but thesehad become desert. Thereare indications that the landowned by the temple of Suchus was originallyadirect grant fromthe Crown,like the cleruchic land, for it is noticeable that in 7 8 . 3 1 amonganumber ofcleruchs whohad receivedarable instead of the uncultivated land whichoughttohave beengivento them, occurs one of the lessees of the tepc‘z yfiof Suchus.

The land owned by the ‘lesser temples of the gods inthe village (63 . 24,

cf. 60. 14) consisted of 53arourae belonging to the crocodile-

god Petesuchus,1 arouraof the god Orsenouphis, and 14arourae belonging to three shrineswhere the sacred ibises were kept (cf. note on5 . The land owned by thetemples of second rank thusamounted to 203arourae,making withthe 27 1iarourae belonging to themamiepd the totalareaof lepc‘nyii 2915 arourae,or, whenthe uapdbeuroz were reckoned underaseparateheading, 27 1;arourae.

From61. (b) 207 (cf. 7 2. 128) it appears that the temples of the secondrank had once owned 5 arourae inaddition to the 202, but these were

confiscated (flea-wi ry, 7 4 . 59—60)betweenthe fortiethand fifty

- second yearsand transferred to the Crownlands, where, since they were not cultivated , theyappear under the category of land i v 15:10AM » (cf. 9) throughlack of water .

We alsohear of other land of the god Petesuchus besides the 5 3arouraeascribed tohis shrine in 62 - 4 (cf. 98 . 5 5 and of land of the great godM estasutmis (94 . 34, note) but thoughthe temples of these deities presumablybenefited insome way fromthese other lands whichare not recorded in624 ,

these seemtohave beentechnically not lepe‘z 7 13, but fiaadimj ; cf. 93 . 55 , note.In8 2 wehavealist of the iepil yfiat Magdola,avillage not far fromKer

keosiris (cf. 80. Out ofatotal of 170 arourae 150 were owned byatemple of Suchus, probably identical withthat whichowned landat Kerkeosiris. The names of some of the yewpyoiat the two places coinc ide,and thesame personsare very likelymeant ; cf. Hereve¢tfis Herevecpteiovs 68 . 7and 82 . 1 6

,

’

A1roMaSmos Hombwvlov 88 . 9and 82. 25 . 82. 5and 28 supply rare examples in

these papyri of womencultivators (cf. 8 6 . That part of the 150arouraewhichwas not x ipaos consistedmainly of vine or oil- produc ing land. Of the20 arourae owned by the ‘ lesser temples of the village gods 10 belongedto the shrine of Orsenouphis,and the other 10 to two ibis- shrines ; cf: thesimilar templesat Kerkeosiris.

Inspite of the royal decrees (5 . 5 7—61 , 6 . 40—7)ordaining that theadmini s

APPENDIX I . 3 545

trationof lepe‘z yijand the collectionof its revenues were to be left to the priestsor theiragents without interference fromthe government officials , we find therent ofweyfiat Kerkeosiris included inthe offic ial tax ing- lists (cf. 93 .

and the positionofayewpyds of iepayw'j seems tohave differed little fromthat ofaBarnum); yewpydg. From93 . 62—5 itappears thathehad practically the same

tax es topay, ex cept perhaps thear idmvos (cf. 5 . 59) and {qui yfiwas inadditionsubject to the tax of i artabato thearourauponthat part whichwas cultivated(61. (b)324, 98 . animpost leviedalso uponthe cleruchs (cf. p. but not,so faras we know,

uponthe fiaommol ycwpyof.3. Clc‘

r uc/zic Land.

The cleruchic land (60. 17-

37 , 61. (a)1— 148, 62. 27-

309, 6 3 . 32- 227 , 64 . (a)

13—149, 6 5 , cf. 141, 14 3

- 7) constituted about one- third of the whole areaatKerkeosiris,and includesmany subdivisions , being class ified according to thestanding of the owners and the reigns under whichthe original assignmentsweremade. Thearrangement in61. (a)- 6 5 is chronological, but in60. 1 7

-

37 (cf.

62. 315—28)thereare summaries of the landheld by the different classes. We

give firstatable of theholders inthe fifty- first yearas found in62, one of the

few reports of M enches whichare almost free fromfaults ofarithmetic . Thefigures under the different reigns refer toarourae.

Epiphanes. Philometor. Euergetes I I.x éroucot 1 143 3785 402

x cpcri rptmrosipnpo¢1ihax es¢vAax i rati ¢0601

X omjvtos lnnrisinrépovpmydx tpot

Total 10453

5 1243 428g

These sevenclasses fall into threemaingroups : (a)the x éroucoz or foreignmilitary settlers (b)the c ivil offic ials, comprising the x epai cpmnos, imnoeflhax cs,macaroniand i ¢0501 ;and (c) the nativemilitary settlers, including the X omjmos

lmrei s‘and the inrcipovpor. pdxmot.(a)KdrOLKOt. The first point to notice inconnex ionwiththis class, whichhas beenmuchdiscussed but owing to the scanty nature of the evidence very

imperfectly understood , is that their land isasubdivisionof the xhnpovx tmj ,andthat they incommonwithall the otherholders of cleruchic landarea03x01

N n

5 46 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

(cf. 5 . 36and How far this termmayhave altered itsmeaning in thesecond century isaquestionwhichwill be discumed later ; but inview of thevariousattempts whichhave beenmade to drawadistinctionbetweenx drou oc

and x xnpofixoz, it is necessary to emphasiz e the fact that inthe period where thetwo terms are found together the relationbetween the two is that of wholeand part.

Secondly, these x droucocas suchwere clearly G reeks in the wide sense

.in whichthis termis used inPtolemaic papyri (e. g. 5 . 208) in contrast to‘ Egyptians.

’The lists ofholders of cleruchic land do notmention their

nationalities ; thesehoweverare insome cases known fromother papyri ,andamongst the Kerkeosiris x droucoc wehear of Persians (80. Macedonians (80.

16, 81. 1 1

, 61. (b) 79, 105 . and Cretans (82. whilealist of x drou ocatanother village (7 9)mentions Persians, Macedoniansand colonists fromSamos,S idonand A labanda; cf.also 99 , whereaPaphlagonianoccurs. Theartificialcharacter whichthese nat ionalappellationshadassumed inthe second centuryB. C. is well illustrated by 82, whichshows that A sclepiades,aMacedonian, onbecomingax ciroucos was received into themx irevpaof the Cretans ; cf. theparallel case of Theotimus sonof Phileas (quoted onp. whounder somewhat similar circumstances ex changed the Persianfor the M ysiannationality.

But thoughall the evidence is infavour of regarding the ( dramaas suchasGreeks, and no doubt the really G reek element preponderated, there is noreasonto think that native Egyptians were debarred fromadmissionto thatclass. Egyptian names are occasionally found among the sch-outer, e. g.

N emev’

ifics"o v (62. M dpwv 6ml N ex roddzdts (62. 1

’

ApacheMdpe vos (61. (b)cf. Wilcken, 031. I I , no. 353, where Hereapn'pfis pays the ari rpavos xaroin w

(cf. 61. (b) 254, note). Nomenclature is oftenavery untrustworthy guide to

nationalityat this period whenthe practice ofhaving double names , one Greekand one Egyptian(of whichone is oftenomitted), was common,and when,asis shownby 247 , the term”

Exam: isapplied to persons bearing themost pronouncedly Egyptian names , while converselymany of the persons bearingGreek names were probably Egyptians. In

‘

fact it is only fromgroups of namesinconsiderable quantities that conclusions regarding nationality canbe “ drawn.

Hence, inview of the prevailing Greek character of the catoeci, the rare instancesof Egyptiannames could ifnecessary be ex plainedawayas examples of personsof G reek descent bearing Egyptiannames. But it is very difficult to believe thatthe offic ial classes fromwhichthe x e

’

rroucoc were often recru ited (v. inf!) wereconfined toGreeks,and it is therefore probable that Egyptiansmight becomeKd‘

routoc but zpso factoassumed G reek nationality. That acertainamountof incongruity was feltat the retentionofanEgyptianname byasai-mm: is

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548 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

A phthonetus (62. 30) wehave anexample ofaifibopnx ovrdpovpos whose 70arourae are accounted for, and Philox enus the son of Callicrates

,whose

grant of 80 arourae at Kerkeosiris dated fromthe reignof E piphanes, iscalled in84 . 93andybonxovrdpovpos. But of the dybonxovrdpovpov. instituted byPhilometor none is foundholdingmore than40arourae, and of the i xarovrdpoupanonemore than50. The ex planationof these irregularities lies partlyinthe loose employment of the terms i xarovrdpovpos, &C., partly inthe numberof

.

changes whichwere constantlymade withregard to the distributionofcleruchic land, partly inthe divisionof espec ially the larger ones,amongdifferent villages. How far the third cause is operative ex cept incases whereit is ex pressly stated to ex ist (e.g. 8 2. 61) isadifi‘icult problem. Onthe onehand there are afew instances whereanaccidental omissioncanbe inferred(6 6 . 84, note,and cf. 6 8 . 120and 64 . thoughnot withcertainty ; and itis impossible to suppose that the termi xarovrdpovposhadmucheffectivemeaningas applied e.g. to Maronson of Dionysius (8 5 . 59) if the 25 arourae whichhe ownedat Kerkeosiris equally in the 5 2nd year (61 . (a)39—4 1)and fifteen

years later (105 , introd.) represent the total ofhisholding, or to A thenionsonof A rchias (84 . 148)ifhe owned only the 40arourae situatedat Kerkeosiris.But on the otherhand it is almost inex plicable not only that the omissionof the statement regarding land owned elsewhere should be so common, butthat withthe ex ceptionof Maron, who received 15arourae, noadditionto theirholdingsat Kerkeosiris was, so faras we canjudge, evermade uponthe promotionof «s ome. fromthe lower ranks of cleruchs (v. The 24arouraeat Kerkeosiris owned by A sclepiades sonof Ptolemaeus (82. 19 ; cf. 62. 91)wereheld byhimpreviously,and the possessionof themevenseems to beaconditionofhis promotion. The offic ials refer tohis release fromhis old duties (32. 4)and theassumptionofhis new ones (1. but thoughA sclepiades was to

be enrolledamong the éxarovrdpovpot, no detailsare givenofan increased grantof land. Weare not inclined therefore toattachmuchimportance to the titlesi xarovrdpovpos, &c . when they conflict seriously withthe evidence of the con

temporary lists of cleruchs,thoughin some, or evenmost, cases theyhad

probably beencorrectas regards the size of the stapes whenit was originallygranted .

Besides the lists of x drotxotat Kerkeosiris,the present volume supplies some

details concerning landholdersat other villages whowere either certainly or probably x d‘

rou or. A t Magdola(83 . 74- 84)we find xMjpot ranging from20 to 50

arourae ;at the village whichis the subject of 7 9 theholdings range from32 to100. One of the cleruchs (7 9 . thoughar'pyrpdv, owned nomore than 40

arourae. Two largerholdings occur in the same list, one of 124195

A PPE NDI X 1. § 3 549

andanother of arourae (l. but to the entries concerning these there isappended amarginal note stating that the land was not reckoned as catoec ic(of; (pipe

-

rat i v rfit xarorx fac), so that the recipients no doubt stood onafootingdifferent fromthat of ordinary x droucoc. Large 106i of 320

-

500 arou rae arehowevermentioned in99 . 45 sqq.,and the owners seemto be Kd‘

rowor lnneis ;

but probably grants of this siz e were ex ceptional.Twonew factsabout the x érocx ot whichappear fromthese listsare ( 1) that

theassignment of grants to themwas not the result ofone or two settlements onalarge scale but ofagradual process spread over several reigns, (2) that thex ciroucoc were largely recru ited fromcleruchs ofad ifferentand probably lowergrade ; cf. 124 . 32

—3, note. Inthe 5 18t year out of three Ica'roucocat Kerkeosiris

whose tenure dated fromthe t ime of E piphanes one, Dionysius sonof Pyrrhichus(62. belonged to the class of those who were transferred fromthe ‘

thirtyarouraeholders (under the leadership)of Phyleus ’

; of the thirteenwho wereinstituted inPhilometor’

s reigntwo, Ptolemaeus whohad recently succeeded tothenape ; ofhis father A pollonius,and A sclepiades sonof Ptolemaeus, eachof whomheld 24arourae,had beentransferred fromthe ephod i (8 2 . 87 and two

,A rtabas

sonof Pantauchusand N ektenibis sonofHorus, eachofwhomowned 10arourae(82 . 94 fromthe ipnuorpfixax cs ; while of the thirteenKdTOLKOtappointed under

E uergetes fourhad beentransferred fromthe ephod i, three of whom, Demetriussonof Heraclides , A sc lepiades sonof A sclep iades, and Petronsonof Theon

,

owned 24arourae each,and one

,A cusilaus sonof A sclepiades, 10arourae (62.

139 The elevationof Maronsonof Dionysius in the 5 2nd year fromthepositionof dukax lms to that of x drocros, whenhe received 1 5arourae inadditiontothe 10 whichhe previously owned ,

hasalready beenalluded to. The referenceto the ‘

thirty -arouraeholders of Phyleus ’

is particularly interesting, becauseamember of this class ismentioned inP. Petrie I I . 38. (a)7 , wherehe is calledafi tnpoiix os, and wehave thus d irect evidence of the incorporationof someatany rate of the earlier cleruchs into the x cirmx ol,afact whichhasanimportantbearing on the relationof the x droucoc to the Kanpoi ixor of the third cent. B.C .

(v. inf .) What the significance of the transfer was inthis particular case it isimposs ible to say owing to the paucity of datafor determining themilitarystatus of the rpcax ovr cipovpm(v c

'

ws in bothinstances. Possibly itmay be

connected withapromotionfromthe infantry to the cavalry, for Tptax ovrdpovpotmfoiare known fromP. Petrie I I . p . 37 (c) 1 (cf. but this is amereguess, and the question is complicated by the c ircumstance that the animatorin questionowned only 183arourae at Kerkeosiris, thoughit is not likelythat this represents the whole grantassignedat the time of the original transfer.

Onthe processand consequences of the transfer fromthe (40501and lower ranks

5 50 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

of cleruchs to the grade of x drocxosmuchlight is thrownby 82, whichshowsthat the new x ci rocxosadoptedad ifferent nationality , thathe was tobe released '

fromthe dutiesattaching to the office whichhe previouslyheld,and was enrolledinone of thehipparchies, becoming ai xa‘rovrdpovpos. That in pract ice thetransfer ofacleruchto the class of x droutor' did notalways ensure the remissionofhis previous dutiesappears from124 . 36

-

9, where there isaregulationbearingon this subject ; cf. the distinctionbetween¢vAau r6v rr

’

o‘

v perafiefinxdfmvand¢vhax 17 6va’

iavrofls in6 6 . 83—5 ,and 8 5 . 76, where A rtabas sonof Pantauchus

is still called imuo¢1iltafafterhehad becomeax dr'omos.Those x dromoc whoare not stated tohave been transferred fromanother

class of cleruchs ( i. e. whowere i f 124 . 32)are generally descri bedas apocmltnpp ivoc (either ex pressed or implied) but the officer ( ima-rérnr orypapparetis, cf. 124 . 38)who presided over the 06111-11619 of d rama(cf. 80.

e.g. at 61’ '

Epua¢0\ov (62. at bid v vc fov sir robs xarofxovs in cl"

: (82. 66 ;

cf. 7 9 . 01 npooeckqmsivoc sis rainxar . in. bid Kpfrmvos (62. whoarecalled in61. (a) 19 Kpt‘mi vaor. The a'vyyevei s ‘

x droutoc (62. 5 8, cf. 88 . 9, note)who received grants inPhilometor’s reignformaclass by themselves.

(6) Besides the x drotxoc, four classes of c ivil offic ials owned xAfipocat Kerkeosiris inthe 5 rst year. These were one x epoécpmr os (in so. 21, &c. calledrptax ovrdpovpos x epa.)owning 3433, arourae, whose tenure dated fromPhilopator’sreign (6 2. 34 two ephodi , bothowning 24arouraeand dating fromEuergetes I I

’

s reign(62. 15 1 three ¢vAax i ra1, eachowning 10arouraeand datingfromthe reignof Philometor (62 . 107 and three imporfitihax es;also eachowning 10

'arourae, whose tenure inone case dated fromthe re ignof E piphanes(62. in the other two cases fromthat of Philometor (62. 100 The(fivhax '

irat and ipnpbrptikax es were police the former being responsible for thevillageand the land under cultivation,mconnex ionwithwhichtheyhadalsofinancial duties (cf. 5 . 159, note), the latter keeping guard over the desert, whichalong the southof the Fayumis intersected by numerous roads to the N ilevalley or the oases. For determining the duties of the ephodi, who wereinspectors, there is less evidence. Theyare generally coupled withthe guards,ashere ; cf. R ev. Laws x . 1

,x 11. 1 7,andaPetrie papyrus quoted inibz'd. App.

11. p . 189. Fromthe two passages in R ev. Laws itappears that they wereconcerned withthe supervisionof the tax - farmersand tax - collectors,

“and theyseemtohavehad other financial duties (cf. 96 . While the si z e of theirrespectiveholdings indicates they weremore important officials thanthe ¢vAax tmgtheir functions were no doubt similar, for inthe Romanperiod the M M :

takes the place of the d '

uvax lmsas the princ ipal police officer ofavillage.The xeptri¢ tmros is not found outside the present series of papyri,and foran

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5 5: TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

(in61. (a)53 called pdxmor inn '

isas opposed e. g. to uniform: Inni s)and imipovpmpdxmoc. Ithas generally beensupposed that the pdx zpoc were distinctlyEgyptiansas opposed to G reeks, thoughP. M eyer (Heerwesen, p. 64)has latelyput forward the contrary view, the obj ections to whichare well stated bySchubart, Quaestz'ones, pp. 5 8 sqq. The present series of papyri shows Meyer'sview to be quite untenable. Thatmost, ifnotall, of the 716c whoheld xlfipotat Kerkeosiris were Egyptians is indicated not only by their names, inwhichthe E gyptianelement preponderates toanoverwhelming ex tent, but by thefact that they were grouped underaMapx ia, that of Chomenis (e. g. 62.

had: is knownfrommany instances tobe the technical ex pressionfor Egyptiansas contrasted withGreeks,and would be wholly inapplicable toabody ofGreeksoldiers. But the possibility that there were some Greeks evenamong theimdpovpot p cixmoc of Kerkeosiris cannot be eliminated , for not only dowe findat Magdolapersons withG reek names who seemto be neurdpovpoi péxqwt(8 3 . but, what ismore important, in189 (cf. 120. introd.)

"EN ”mixmocare contrasted withA iyai rrnocpuixmorand M o; pdxmmA rabs or blacks).

These two instances of”

13a“ péxmot inthe reignof Ptolemy Alexanderor laterare not conclusive evidence for the ex istence of G reek pdxqtot inthereignof Soter I I but inthe M enches papyri no less than inthose belongingto the first century B. C.mixmotare found asattendants uponvarious officials(112. 81 , note),and thereare no grounds for postulating thatany great 6113085intheir positiontook placeat the end of the second century. The ifl tzi‘ whoowned landat Kerkeosiris consisted of one rprax ovrdpovpos, who,however,hadonly 5 arourae there, the rest beingat Tebtunis (62. 16 1 five elxomépWP“eachowning 19arourae,and two elxomdpovpot whoowned only 15and 5arouraerespectively, the rest beingat Tebtunis. The inrdpovpor pdxmot uniformlyowned65arourae ex cept one whobad part ofhisaMiposat '

Apecos~mini). Thus incm

case where it is not ex pressly stated thatapdxmosheld landatanother village,the xhijpotare slightly smaller thanwould be ex pected fromthe titles of theholders,and the same phenomenonoccurs withregard to the imdpwpotsettled by Chomenisat the village whichis the subject of 8 7 . Possibly thiswasanormal practice ; or the slight discrepancymayhave some connex ionWit)!the“

fact that 130arouraeat Kerkeosiris were dedicated to the god 5 0101313tumby the lmrei sand imépovpor udx tpor under Chomenis (6 8 . 19

- 20,cf. p.

But

the amount soaccounted for is less than the land given to the god,andc f. 61. (b)333, note,and p. 430.

The practice ofgiving M fipoc tothendxmoc canbe traced back tothe thirdcentury B. C . (5 . 44, note), but none of that class received grantsat Kerkeosifisbefore the latter years of E uergetes I I. A ll the Iraand thirty of the

A PPE ND I X 1. § 3 5 53

émdpovpoc X opnjmos obtained their land inthe 4rst year (62. four of theémdpovpoe in the 4and (62. In the 46thyear twelvemore whohadoriginally been located in the pepfs of Heraclides by Horns and Pesouris

were transferred and registered by Ptolemaeus and X enon, the scribes of thepdx qw z

,inthe same categoryas those settled by Chomenis (62. 25 2 while

five others wereadmitted by Ptolemaeusand X enon, but were registered undertheir namesand not under that of Chomenis , twoof thembeing withinashorttime deprived of their land (62 . 5186—

93 ; cf. Lastly, inthe 5othyearseven ju ixnwaof Chomenis at lbion r é u E ix oamwrapmipwv.were deprived of

theirholdingsand received landat Kerkeosi ris instead (6 6 . One of thesemusthave losthis at once, for in the 5 l st year (62. 294-

307) thereare only six , and of these onehadhis xAfipor confiscated in the 5and year(6 1. (b)1 15 cf. 62. 307, note). The effect of this confiscationwas to reduce thewhole areaof the land owned by the lmrei randhdx cnot of Chomenis fromarourae inthe 5 x st year to 448 inthe 5 2nd (62. 307, note),and the total

of the x Anpovxmj (whichhad been 155 53 arourae inabout the 48thyear ;cf. 143)from15 8 15 } to arourae ; but owing toanerror connected withthe promotionof Maronthe figure found in60. 18and 61. (a)1 5 8 is cf.

60. so,note.

These large settlements of native troops in the Payfimduring the 4I stand 42nd yearshave aspec ial interest, because at that per iod the countrywasmuchdisturbed . The papyri of the present volume (see espec ially 7 2 . 45)

point to the 4othyearas the date of the general clatffa, which15 also the dateof the revoltmentioned inaThebanpapyrus (R evillout, Ai l/anger, p.

and althoughnone of the documents was written in the 4 i st orand years,these grants of land thenmade in the Fayfimindicate that E uergetes I I

had by the 4 I st year recovered possess ionof that province, if indeedhehadever lost it. Probably the large access ions to the native troops who wereendowed withxAijpot was part ofhis general policy of favouring the E gyptianport ionofhis subjects, whichmoreoverhehad spec ial reasons for conc iliatingatthis crisis . Inany case the Tebtunis papyri indicate that orderwas re- establishedin the Fayfimin the 4 l st year, and add onemore to the difficulties con

nected withthe temporary transfer of theallegiance of Thebes fromE uergetes I Ito CleopatraI I , whichis supposed by Wilcken I . p. 785) tohave takenplace near the end of the 4l st year. The story of j ustin(x x x viii. 8)about theflight of E uergetes withCleopatraI I Iandasonof CleopatraI I , the 'murder of

There is no referencemthat papyrus tothe king. LLDeR iccimhohas examined it, reads inthe criticnlE1

t pod t fflm“

ripW V d.e for Revi llout's trm("w e 6& (M eht) I AGV dr unken“? (yap M y

daready beenconjec tured by Strack, Dynastic, p.

554 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

this sonand the subsequent invasionof Egypt, isamuchexaggeratedaccountof this (larger inthe 4othyear (of. Strack,Dynastic , p. and it is very doubtfulwhether E uergetes lost '

evenA lexandria. Another of the crimesallegedagainsthimby Justininthe same chapter, themurder inB.C. 145 ofayouthful sonofPhilometor, is open to still graver susp icion. This sonhas generally beenidentified withE upator,whowas undoubtedlyasonof Philometorandassociatedwithhiminthe sovereigntyat some period, thoughthe evidence forhis beingkingat the time of Philometor’

s deathrests only uponthe uncertaininterpretationofasupposed double date uponacoin; cf. Strack, op. ci t. p. 37 . But in

aGebeléndemotic papyrus in the R ylands Library ,recently deciphered by

Griffith, E upator isassoc iated withhis parents inthe sovereignty intheir 29thyear ;andhis disappearance fromthe dates incontracts of the later years ofPhilometor, coupled withthe retentionof the priesthood of E upator, indicateshis early death, long before that ofhis father, If this view is correct, the storyof theassassinationofasonof Philometor by E uergetes I I inB. C. 145 is pro

bablyamere fiction.

Wehave endeavoured inthis brief sketchto indicate the distinguishingfeatures of the three classes of cleruchs ; but thereare several points of importance to be noticed whichare common to themall. Where new cleruchsreceived grants”

without dispossessing the previousholders and the areaofthe xAnpovx uuj was consequently increasedat the ex pense of the Crownlands,the law was that arable land whichwas y ieldingarent, was notavailable for this purpose, but that uncultivated land (fmdltoyov)was to.be used.The precise character of the grant varied fromtime to t ime ; generally it wasdry land (x e‘pc os, cf. 61. (a) 8, (b) 226, 7 9 . but

,ashas been pointed out

(p . land belonging to the voyalherbsmadamwhichyieldedarevenue wasoccasionally employed. A contrast is sometimes drawn(e.g. 7 2. 181—3)betweenthe findhoyov whichwasaij xov for this purposeand that whichwas not (cf.P. Amb. I I . 68 Jun) rm? avjxovros fiq dyov); and the distinction probablydepended upon the permanent or temporary character of the reasons whichhad led to the land becoming uncultivated . The princ iple thatarable Crownland was not to be givento cleruchs, whichseems tohave beenlaid downindetail, thoughprobably not for the first time

,by several decrees inthe 32nd

year of Philometor (72. washowever oftenviolated by the offic ials whowere responsible for the assignments. Inthe case of the pdx qmc, of whomcertainly those transferred fromI bion(88 . and perhapsall (60. 27 - 8, note),received grants fromthe ianappévnwithouthaving their validity , so far aswe know

,called inquestion, the government seems tohave purposelymade

anex ceptionfromits generalpractice ; but the difficulties thatarose fromgrants

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6 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

inthat category (cf. 60. and thereare instances where continued failureto pay the dueamount led to the transference ofaafipoc toapersonwhowaswilling tomake the necessary contribution(cf. (a)1—8, note). Insome casesacleruchwasapparently threatened withthe confiscationofhisholding (e.g.04. (a) unless the fullamount of the guartabatax was forthcoming,or unlessthe komogrammateus was willing to become surety forhim(04. (a)54,note).Holdings werealsoliable tobe placed év saroxfi for reasons not connected withmonetary obligations to the state, e. g. those of the érrrdpovpog guilty ofarson(61. (b)285 and the cleruchsaccused of theft in5 8 . 25 cf. 61. (a)285. Therights of ownership ex ercised byacleruchwere thus very far frombeing complete. The xAnpovx cx i) y?) isapparently d istinguished fromthe ibrdxmros (5 .

and the ( dramafromthe iw njpoves (124. justas inR ev. Laws x x x vi. 12-

5

the x ltqpoiixor are contrasted withoi Xomoi aim-es ol x emmc‘vor &pneltfivar rl

napabefaovs. Under normal circumstancesa. uMipos descended fromfather toson; cf. 124 . 25 and 33, where the possessionofafipmis guaranteed to thelyyovot of cleruchs. Generally one son(presumably the eldest)succeeded, butin62. 59

—6 1 there isanexample ofax ltiipos being equally divided betweentwb.This does nothowever prove that cleruchs inthe second century B.C. could

dispose of theirholdings by will, for the third century B. C. cleruchs seemtohave beenunable todoso,althoughthe same princ iple of successionfromfatherto son prevailed . M oreover wehavehad occasion to point out numerousinstances inwhichthe government interfered in thearrangement of “filmWhenacleruchbecame impoverished and foundhimself unable to bear themonetary liabilities connected withthe ownership ofhis xAfipos,he was sometimesallowed to resignit (124 . 30

—6) and thereare several examples of thewapax dpnmc of land by cleruchs , probably for the same reason(cf. 80- 1and 339)This termdoes not preclude the ideaofasale ; but since the possessionofaxM jpos was connected withthe performance of certainmilitary or civil duties,it is notatall likely thatacleruchwasallowed todispose ofhis land unfettered

by government control. The wrapax dpqms of theholding of TheonsonofTheonto A cusilaus sonof A sc lepiades, for whichleave is stated tohave beengiven,is contrasted withanother napax épqms whichhad beenmade without thesanctionof the dioecetes (04 . (a) 55—6 and it is clear that the napaxomiflts

legalized by 124. 30- 6 were of doubtful validity before that decree was issued.

On the vex ed questionof themeaning of the phrase n’

is émyoviis theTebtunis papyri do not throwmuchlight, thoughHépoacm“ : émyom’irarefrequentlymentioned,and Max ebo'vcs rfir émyovfisappear twice (104 . 36and 105being contrasted inthe latter passage withMax ebdver 7 631: xarofxaw infer.

Possibly some of the non- catoec ic cleruchs whoheld x ltr'

jpor. invirtue of ciVil

APPENDIX 1. 3 557

offices were n’

js émyovfis ; but it is significant that Didymarchus who succeededto the x ltijpos of the x epaédumrosat Kerkeosiris styleshimself Max ebdv simply,and the omissionof 1179 &myovfis there is not likely tobeacc idental. That thex drouror. were sometimes recru ited frompersons rfis b uyom’js is shownby the caseofTheotimus sonof Phi leasatTheadelphia(P. Fay.Towns whose promotion,ashas beensaid

, presents someanalogies to that of the ephodus A sclepiades.

Probably the sons of x droncmwere r ijs émyom’js before they (or one of them)succeeded to their father’

sholding,justas the sons of the third century B. C.

xhnpofixnt were 7 139 émyom'jr before they became themselves q pofixm(Schubart,Quaestioner , p . Infact, so far as the present evidence for the éafyouocand persons rfis émyomj s inthe second century B. C. carries us

,weare disposed

toex tend to the émyovi; Karofxmvmost ofwhat Schubart considers toapply onlyto the Emyofi) xAnpodxwv. The principal difference whichhe finds betweenthem(p. that personsmi ght in the later period, but not in the earlier, belongto the incyomj throughout their lives , is based onavery uncertain inferencefromtwo papyri wri ttenbyanex ceptionally careless scribe

,and is opento the

further objectionthat there is no evidence to show that inthe third century B . C.

the class of persons called n’

is émyovfis ex cludes sons who never succeeded toaxAfipos. I t is on the contrarymore likely that inbothperiods there weresome persons n’

js émyom’jr whoat their father's deathdid not succeed tohisW ipes. For indeed the whole tenour of the new evidence about the x drouroc

afforded by the present volume is to show that they were practically thex ltqpofixor of the Petrie papyri underanother name. I t was inevitable thatso longasall the informationabout q pm‘Jxmwas derived fromthe FayOm,andall thatabout the x drouror fromthe M emphite nome or the Thebaid , the properrelation between the two classes could not be grasped,and there should beatendency to insist onthe differences rather thanthe resemblances. N ow thatthere ismaterial for forming ap icture of themilitary colony inthe Payfiminthe second centuryas wellas inthe third

,it is d ifficult to trace any essential

difference between the x ci‘rourmand their predecessors the Khnpofixm. Theex planation of the change of title probably lies in the widening of the termKhnpofikos, whichlost itsmilitary flavour when xAfipoc inthe Payfimcame to be

granted to civilianofficials,and therefore necessitated the introductionofanotherterm

,x drocx os, to denote the G reekmilitary settler. The evidenceat present

available points to the reignof Philopatoras the period whenthis change wasintroduced. The papyri of the present volume carry back the use of the termto E piphanes’

reign, whenwe findaq poGXor becomingaKdrouror (cf. p.

and the land of the éfibonnxovrdpovpos whose tenure dated fromPhilopator'sreign, thoughhe is nothimself calledaschemes, is included inthe total of the

558 7 5 3 1 11s PAPYR I

xa’ronrot ; while onthe otherhand amid the numerous documents inthe Petn'epapyri dealing withthe cleruchs settled under Philadelphus and Euergetes

sai-roamsare remarkable for their absence. The silence of the Petrie papyrionthe subject of Kd‘

rou wt is not indeedavery secure foundationforargument ;but until evidence is forthcoming to show that xa’rou oc ex isted inthe reigns

of Philadelphusand E uergetes I , eitheras distinct fromq pofixmorasasubdivisionof them

,there is no need to postulateawider difference betweenthe

twoclasses thanwhat wehave suggested.

4. CrownLand.

Of the sevenclasses intowhichthe land of Kerkeosiris was divided (p. 538)

sixhave now beendiscussed ; the remainder constituted the pumas,yr'i, ofwhichtheareawas regularly obtained by subtracting fromthe whole 4700arourae thesumof those six items. Inthe 5 2nd year (60. 45 , 61. (a)15 8)theseamountedto 22725; arourae, leaving 24273 for theflamltmj, whichfigure is carried ontothe 53rd year (61. (a)159)and remained unaltered up to the 4thyear ofSoter II(cf 7 2. 225and 339 with61. (a)165 Inthe 5 thyear the totalof the fiaadwlwas diminished by 20arouraeassigned toM enchesand included intheaovxtni(6 5 . 19, 7 5 . .The rent credited to these 2427513arourae is stated inand 61. (a)160 to be 123303artabae of wheat ; but in60. 97and 01. (b)243atotal of 1 23463artabae is implied by theadditionof the figures, the differencebeingapparently due toamistake inarithmetic whichcaused the disappearanceof 16artabae inone of the items ; cf.notes on01. (b)1 83and 248. That 12346!ismore correct for the 53rd year is shownby its being the total implied for the4thyear ; cf. note on7 2. 222.

This figure represents not what the Crownactually received fromthefineduxhyij,abouthalf of which,as willappear, was uncultivated and producedno rentatall, but what wouldhave beenreceived if the rents ( if the landhadbeenmaintainedat the levelat whichthey seemtohave beenfix ed inthe first

year of the joint rule ofPhilometorand E uergetes (cf. 61. (b)149and 195,notes),

or, whereasubsequent rise of renthad takenplace,at thishigher rate. Theresponsibility ofaccounting for this largely imaginary revenue, whichwasmoreor less permanentlyascribed tothe Crownlands of Kerkeosiris in the books Ofthe central revenue officeat A lexandria, fell uponthe komogrammateus if.asseemsmost likely,he was the official who drew up 61, 64,and 7 2. Intheircomplete formthose documents providedadetailed report of the whole 24275;arouraeand 12346g(or artabae credited to the gamu t, showingmuchof the rents due was forthcoming,and in those cases where there was

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560 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

Wiedemann,Herodotrawai tes Bur/z, p. 158)or coppermoney (omitted byan

error, cf.note on61. (a) The value ofwheat compared tobarley,as is shownby numerous instances, was 5 : 3, that ofwheat toolyrais proved by 240and 201tohave been5 2 the official rate of conversionof payments incoppermoneyinto wheat is nowhere clearly stated (cf. 6 8 . 60, note), and owing to thegreat fluctuation in the prices ofanartabaof wheat found inthis volumecannot be determined (cf. p.

,The figures of the four partshave naturally

as little reference toactual facts as the total whichthey form. The rents

of the six classes of land are indeed distributed under the fourheads wpoiv',xp10fis, dinipas, andatx oii ; but in the reports dealing withthe landactuallycultivated (the danwe

‘vov) the rents whichhelp tomake up the totals givenin

61. (a)161are different fromthose recordedas paid , thoughtheyappear insomecases

,e. g. 67 , 6 8and 70, under the yev ds (67 . 5 .note), where theyare described

(6 7 . 64)as éy 11h? rfis {modrjx '

qsandare contrasted withthe rents whichhad tobecollected (ly b} rofirov be? (luau-

1200111, 67 . The figures therefore in61. (a)16 1merely representafix ed estimate,and evenwhere they are brought intorelationwiththe rentsactually received noattempt ismade to revise them.Hence though91§ artabae of wheat paid inolyraout of the whole 3261—7;havetobeaccounted for inthe &mpypévov (6 7 . 6—7)of the 531d year,noolyrawas paidatall inthat year , while onthe otherhand the equivalent of 500artabae ofwheat was paid inlentils (67 . afact whichinnoway influences the totals in61. (a)161 . The value ofanartabaof lentils was probably the sameas thatofanartabaof wheat. Inaprivateaccount writtensome years later (132 6- 7)the relationof lentils to barley (20 : 13) is nearly the sameas that of wheat tobarley (5 : and the identity of the value of wheatand lentils would perfectlyex plainthe fact that in67 . 32 the rent of the barley - bearing land whichwasactually paid inbarley, vi z . the equivalent of 787gartabaeof wheat, is conveltedinto barley ,making 13125artabae, while there is no corresponding converSiOhinthe case of the lentils ; cf. 8 9. 29, note. Withthis preface we proceed toamore detailed examinationof the six classes offlavour?)

§ 5 . Tbe Land under Cultivation.The Crown land capable of cultivationand the rents whichitactually

y ieldedare placed in60. 98, 61. (b)249,and 72. 223 under the title &tflwh’WlTheabbreviationis nowhere writtenout infulland the genderand caseare i“any case uncertain; but there is little doubt of its being the perfect parfiCtPlepassive of dwdyew, whichinthe commonly recurring phrase dmpypfvov 6m) 103awavvayofi vov i f eixaofas (cf. 6 7 . 15 , 37, notes) is writtenout in70. 27ht“isnormallyabbreviated 61m( The technical sense ofamen; inthose passage-S

APPENDIX 1. 5 5 56 1

is difli cult. Inasense itmeans ‘ deduct,’ but where one sumis actuallysubtracted fromanother the words usedare &wavarpe’

r‘

v (6 7 . 47)or xaraxwp ew

(6 7 . Deducted fromthehypothetical surplus is acircu itous way of

saying accounted for in thehypothetical surplus,’meaning that the suminquestionwasaniteminatotalalreadymentioned. A pply ing this to&wnynévovasageneral ex pressionfor land under cultivationand its rents, thesemightalso,we think ,he said to be deducted in the sense of ‘accounted for,’and thisex planationwouldaccord very well withthe c ircumstance that drmyuévov onlyoccursasageneral ex pressionfor cultivated landand its rents whereanaccountof thesehas preceded inthe same papyrus, and is never found intheactualaccounts themselves. Inthe 53rd year (60. 55 , 61. (a)69—

7 8, note, (6)249)thetotal of the cultivatedareawas 1 139} arourae y ieldingarent of 464213,artabaeofwheat inthe 4thyear (7 2. 223)the corresponding totals were 1203} arouraeand 467019,artabae. The details were giveninthe earlier part of 6 1and 72,andinthe former caseare partly preserved (61. (a) 182- 221) but thereare ex tantanumber of separate reports of the komogrammateus upon the land undercultivation(6 6—70, 15 8 and of these one (6 7)deals withthe same yearas 61,andanother (69)withthe same yearas 7 2. Thereare some divergences inthecorresponding figures, thearrangement of the sections concerning land grownwithwheatand barley being d ifferent in61. (a)and 6 7 , withthe result that thetotalnumberofartabae is 16 less in61. (a)(cf. p. while thenumberofarourae in7 2. 223 (cf. 89 . 6)is 10more thanin69 owing to the inclusionofareclamationwhichtook place during the year (cf. 72. 223, note),and whichcreatesaslightincrease inthe total of theartabaealso. Weappendatable of the cropsandrents as shown by 6 6—70,

whichare complete or prac tically so, adding inbrackets inthe case of 6 7 and 69 the correspond ing figures of 61. (a)and 7 2where they are d ifferent. In eachpair of entries the upper number refers

toarourae, the lower toartabae ofwheat, towhichall the rents were ultimatelyreduced. A s wehavealreadyhad occasionto point out, thearithmetic inthesereports is often very faulty, especially in the treatment of fractions. Longadditionormultiplicationsumsare seldombrought out quite correctly . In6 8

there is probablyamistake of 100 inthe total of theartabae, whichshould be(cf. 6 8 . 4, note,and p. and there isaninconsistency of 100artabae

in the totals givenfor the 5thand 6thyears by different papyri (cf. p.

The originofall these errors of 100artabae seems to be the wrong figure

assigned to the 53rd year in6 8 (4542 instead of and it is probable thatfromthe 54thyear onwards wherever 6 is found inthehundreds columnof thetotal of the artabae it rs amistake for 7 . For the details concerning theindividual figures the reader is referred to the commentary uponthese papyri .

0 0

562 TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

none none none none

none

p ehavOfwt none

(pan-6M ) ; none

none none none none

dpdxau

x6p1'wt

xoprovom'év30

30

a3 33onpov 155 inone

Totalarourae 1 185} 1 139} 1 182} 1 193; ( 1 2035) 126315;

artabae 4847% 465 818: (4642135) 46096; 4665 165 4653?I

The totals of some of the other yearsarealso known thus inthe 49thyear1 230%arourae were sownyielding 507 1; artabae (66 . to whichareaddedthe figures ofareclamationof 78arourae yielding 203} artabae,making the totalof land under cultivationfor that year 1308} arouraeatarent of artabae(66 . Inthe 5 2nd year (61. (a)1 78, 6 7 . 4)the figures were 1 139} arouraeandartabae, whichare identical withthose found for the 5grd year in00 55

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64 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

These three groups, the aims, dMafi rm,and w p&make up thehappen,of whichthe totals are reckoned separately, e.g. 6 7 . 5 8. The fourthgroupconsisted of the royal, and was pasture- land like the land sownwitht pti,

but differed fromthe other three groups because it was not sownafresheachyearand therefore there was no questionofanallowance of seed (els fivnew:

of: xpnpan’

ferat, 6 7 . 59 Cf. 00. 82and 61. (b)302 , notes). The rent was regularly1artabaonthearoura.

The general principle of the rotation of crops is easily ascertainable.Leaving out ofaccount the land onwhichthe crops were not varied, i. e. thatsownwithx dp‘

ros' vouéivand the vopaf, approx imately two- thirds of the landwas inany year sownwithwheat or barley, the remaining third being devotedto lentils, aracus, and afew other crops. In other words the land was b!&vanaflnar c during one year out of three, whichagrees very wellwiththe systemillustrated by private leases, where it is customary to stipulate that i or iof theareashould be sownwithlight crops (cf. 105 . 22, note, we.

Aracus,grass, and n’

iM sare the light crops specified in106 . 22, but it is clear fromthe present series of reports upon the Crownlandsand from115 that lentilsand beans were included inthe same category . The rents of the land subjectto the rotationof crops in 6 7—70 vary from5 to 2 artabae on thearouraaccording to its productiveness. In00 some land is ratedashighas artabaeand the rent of some of the land év b um-de er reached 10artabae (61. (6)but thesehighrates above 5artabae do notappear tohave beenmaintained.

43 artabae on the arourais the commonest rent of Crown land inlatePtolemaicas inRoman times ; cf. 84 . introd. Under normal circumstancesthese rents wereafix ed quantity , like those of the wount,and did not changefromyear toyearaccording to the crop grown. An instance ofasliding-scaleof rents according to the crops grown inthe previous year is found in115 3but evenif the land inquestionwasflan-d ud itmay nothave beenat Kerkeosirisand thoughin the case of certainCrown land 8» émardaa(61. (5) 334-

97)3 similar sliding- scale occurs, the land inthat category seems tohave beenaltogether ex ceptionally treated (cf. The theoretical rent ofall(Cf. Po was undoubtedlyafix ed quantity ,and where for special reasons

theactual rent was less,anaccount of the c ircumstanceshad to be.giveninthesection dealing withland évavyx ptacr Thoughthe total of the rents

abe?hernia-0a; does not inthese papyri exactly coinc ide withthat ff {WWW(w. sup),acomparisonof the details givenin66 - 70 withregard to theactualrents indifferent years shows that the number ofarourae ratedatany particularrent (e. g. 5 artabae on thearoura) remainedapprox imately the same, whenallowances aremade for reclamationsand losses throughland ceasing to be

APPENDIX I . 5 5 565

cultivated. The permanent character of the rentsappears stillmore clearly fromthe process by whichthe totals for the current yearare obtained in66—70.

Starting fromthe totals for the preceding year the komogrammateusadds onthegainfromreclamationsmade inthe course of that yearafter the sowing (6 6 . 4- 19,

6 8 . and subtrac ts the loss owing to failure of cultivationor other causes(6 6 . 20 and the figu res thenreached (6 6 . 27and 6 8 . 19)formthe totals forthe current year (6 6 . 93and 6 8 . Where no changehad takenplace in theland , the total of the rents is the sameas inthe year before. This isactually thecase in 6 9 (cf. ll. 5 and 38, note), 70 (cf. ll. 4 and and 61 (a) (ll. 169—78,

note). 6 7 (cf. 11. 4and 89)is complicated byaninconsistency withregard to thetotal of theartabae, the figure of whichinl. 89, 4642 . is inagreement withthecorrespond ing figure in 60 and 61 (a) (cf. 6 1. (a)169-

78, note)and withthetotal of the previous year in6 7 . 4, while the ind ividual itemsadd up to465 815artabae (cf. 6 7 . This d ifference of 16artabae betweenthe totals of the landunder cultivationinthe 5 2ndand 5 3rd years in67 is probably connected withthe d ifference of 16artabae inthe figu res of the rents of the whole Crownlands,whichare in61 treated sometimesas 10330§and sometimesas 10346§ (cf. 61. (b)248, note,and p . Whether 465 895 , the figu re implied by 6 7 , is less correct

for the 5 3rd year than4642117 ,whichis implied by 60and 6 1 (a), is not certain

but if 465 8117, is right for the 53rd year, the d ifference betweenthe totals for the

5 2ndand 5 3rd years in6 7 is probably due toamistake inthe figures for the5 2nd year. 60and 61 werehowever writtenlater than 67 ,and in6 8 . 10 (cf.note) the total for the 5 3rd year takenasastarting-

point (454215, artabae)isless than the corresponding figure in 60and 61 (a)by 100

, probably amereslip ,

thoughthe error runs throughthe totals for the 54thyear in6 8 , whichareaccord ingly 100 too small (cf. p . 6 8 therefore tends to support 46421

3,as

the figu re for the 53rd yearagainst 465 8135 ,and if 46426, was the correct figure

for the 53rd year , there was no real difference between the total rents of the5 2nd and 5 3rd years.

Inthe foregoing table the rentsare ex pressed interms ofartabae of wheatwithout reference to the questionwhether they were received inwheat or not;In 6 1. (a), 6 7 , 6 8 ,

and 70 the figures dealing withthe rents are subjec ted to

arearrangement by the komogrammateus inorder to showhow the totals wereto be collected (abe? dwarr e’

r‘aflar

,6 7 . The terms inwhichthis process

is described are somewhat obscu re (6 7 . 15 , note), but what was done is asfollows. To the rents of the wheat- bearing land, whichwould naturally be paidinwheat, are added ( 1) the rents of the land sownwithlentils inex cess of

500 artabae ; (2)generally (but not in 6 7 . 28-

32) the rents of the land sown

w ithbarley inex cess ofacertain limit, 500artabae (61. (a) 198- 9, 6 6 . 41—2)

TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

or 360 (70. 27 (3) the rents of the land sownwitharacus inex cess of

39195,artabae ; (4)all the rents of the land sownwiththe &Mayévn(cf.

dhltors yévemrotsap[rls] nupdv Broncovue'vors), x dpros, x dp-ros 1:0q andall the rentsof the vouafand &avropos What was done in the case of land sownwitholyrais uncertain, since that crop only occurs once (66 . 36)inapapyrus wherethere is no rearrangement of the rents ; but probably the rents fromit werepaid up toacertainamount inolyraand the remainder inwheat

,as inthe

case of the land sownwithbarley and lentils. Theseadditions to the rents

under the wheathead ingare balanced by corresponding deductions fromtherents under the otherheadings. Inother words the rents of Crownland werenot only estimated inwheat but were collected inwheat, ex cept 1)the rents ofthe land sownwithlentils not ex ceeding the equivalent of 500artabaeofwheat ;(2)asarule, the rents of land sownwithbarley not ex ceeding the equivalentof 500artabae of wheat or other limit (71. sup) ; (3) the rent of land sown

witharacus not ex ceeding the equ ivalent of artabae of wheat. Up totheequivalent of 500 artabae of wheat the rents of the land sownwithlentilswere to be paid inlentils and generally up toacertain limit the rents of

barley - land in barley,and up to the equivalent of 391515 artabae of wheat

the rents ofaracus- land were to be paid in coppermoney , the conversions

of barley ,lentils, and coppermoney into wheat beingmade at fix ed rates.

onwhichsee p . 560. The object of this rearrangement of the rents was tobringthe total amount of themintoharmony withfix ed rules imposedhy ‘

thegovernment regarding the amounts of rents to be collected in other formsthanwheat. I t is noticeable that the figure of the rents to be paid incopper.

39155,artabae, coinc ides withthat found inthe yemcmbs ffawait"; (cf. 67 . 66andbut that in other respects (e. g. the amount to be collected inbarley)

no effort wasmade toharmoniz e the figures found in the yemnas ifmom:withthose inthe yempas inf or? cmdpov. The rules governing the collectionof the rents were thus by nomeans designed to producearevenue inaccordwiththe figures of the theoretical rents ascribed in the yev ds GE titoflrimto the Crown lands under cultivation, but the rearrangement of the rents

resulted inanagreement between the theoretical and actual rents inone

particular, theamount to be collected inmoney .

The reports of the komogrammateus whichwehave beenconsideringareallofapreliminary character

,having beenissued probably early inthe yearand

long before theharvest. I t remains to examinehow far the instructions con

cerningabe? (lunar-shrew were carried out inactual practice. In 8 9, writtenatthe very end of the 4thyear, there isanexample ofanaccount of the rents paidduring the year,and the figuresnearly correspond tothoseascribed tothe“and”

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568 TE B TUN IS PAPYR I

beenomipqtosandhad producedarent to the Crownof 49} artabae, buthad inthe reignof Philometor (cf. 62. 97)beenassigned toacleruch, N ektenibis sonof

Horus, incontraventionof the rule that xépaosand notandpmos was to be usedin suchcases. N ektenibis was allowed to keep the land upon payment ofayear’

s rent. I t therefore ceased to be fiaowai,and thearouraehad beenalreadyaccounted for inthemanpovxmj, so that it is difli cult to see why theyareapparently counted overagain, thoughthis is not the only instance of that kindofapparent error ; cf. 9. Withtheartabae the case is somewhat different, fortheyhad once formed part of the Crownrevenues,and since thehypotheticalestimate of these remainedmore or less constantand the difference betweenwhat wasand what ought tohave beenpaidhad to beaccounted for, there is noobjectionto their constitutinganiteminthe total of the theoretical rents fromCrownlands. Two rather difficult problemsarisehowever inconnex ionwiththe&wnypévova{ revs éx rpdptov why was this land put inaclass by itselfandnot included under theheading t

'

nrdhoyov like the emfpnros yw'jassigned to someother cleruchs (61. (6)213- 46, 7 2. 138

—84) (2)why is there nomentionin2 -

7 of the land of E tphemounis sonofAmortaeus, who in66 . 86 is coupled withN ektenibis under theheading C3D rrvvx e‘xptrat dnmrciv fx ¢6(ptov)ahave (cf.Theanswer to the first of these questions probably lies inthe fact that Nektenibis was requ ired to payayear’

s rent before the possessionof the ” rip per

was guaranteed tohim, while fromthe cleruchs in61 . (b)2 13 sqq. no suchclaimseems tohave beenmade,althoughinboththe dec isions of the dioecetes whichare there quoted theaIrons 8x ¢6pcov ismentioned. The cause of this d ifferenceof treatment seems tobe that the case of N ektenibis was dec ided by the generalinstructions of the d ioecetes (61. (b) but that of the other cleruchs by specialdecrees of the king (61. (6)2 15 , note). The absence of E tphemounis in61. (b)2

'

—7 is probably due to the c ircumstance thathehad paid the

, year’

s rent

(cf. 66 . 90,note), while N ektenibishad not done so,and the transference of Nektenibis

’holding to Ptolemaeus, whichtook place inor about the 5 2nd year(61. (b) 7 , note),may well be connected withhis failure to comply withthedemands of the State. But whether the fact of E tphemounishaving paid thea{ revs éxoo’prov wasalegitimate reasonfor omittinghimin61. (b)2-

7 isanotherandmore diffi cult question. Unless the total of the theoretical rents wasdiminished betweenthe 5othyear, inwhich66 was written,and the 53rd yearby the ex tent of the 49} artabae whichwere lost to the State throughthe finalrecognitionof E tphemounis’holding as cleruchic land, these 49} artabaemusthave still been included somewhere in the total of theoretical rents fromtheCrownlands. I t is qu ite possible that suchadiminutiontook place, foraparallelinstance is provided by the subtractionof the rent of the «Aijposassigned to

APPENDIX I . M 569

M enches fromthe findAoyov (7 5 . 50- 1 cf. 61. (b)207 , note),aproceeding whichmusthave affected the total rents of the Crown lands. But 7 8 , whichwas

writteninabout the 5 thyear, suggestsad ifferent ex planation. Inthat papyrustheholding of E tphemounis, whohad by that time beensucceeded byhis son

Heraclides,is one of several xAijpor whichare stated tohave been incorrectly

assigned fromthemdptpos yfi, but of whichnone ismentioned in61. (6)or 7 2.

The ex planationof the previous silence concerning these irregularities is givenin7 3 . 5 —

7 , where M enchesappears to chargehis predecessors withhaving wronglyincludedanamount equal to them’jpoc inquestionamong the land whichhadgone out of cultivationsince the 4othyear (cf. Thoughthe blamemayhave been rightly laid in the first instance onhis predecessors, it ishighlyprobable that M encheshimself continued to repeat the error untilhemade theapoodyyrhyarecorded in7 3 . That the carelessness ofhis reports ledhimintodifficulties withhis superiors is knownfrom48 . I t is therefore very likely thatthe previous rent of E tphemounis’holding (together withthat of the other xM jpor

and lend yijmentioned in 7 8) ought really tohave been included under thehead ing of 61. (b)2, but was actually placed under theheading of the {mo'Aoyov81m) 7 05 p. Zrovs ( i . e. somewhere in61. (6)1 10 where theaccount of it wasmislead ing.

In 60. 62 , sqq. the toarourae and 49} artabae referring to N ektenibis

are not inaclass by themselves , but, like the othermdpnws yij assigned tocleruchs whichin61. (b)2 13 is under theheading of fmo'hoyov,are placed intheclass of land évavyx pt'aer, whichin61. (6)formsaseparate category (11. 19The ex planationof this is that the phrase 81» ovyxpfoet is sometimes limitedto land about whichadecisionhad not yet beenmade, i . e. land of whichtheowners were 81: roi s crvyx ptdnoope

'

vms (61. (b) sometimes loosely ex tendedto land about whichadecisionhad beengiven (cf. 6 1. (b) 2 rap avvx ex prp t'vwv),evenwhere the result of the dec isionwas totransfer the land toanother category .

The land of N ektenibishad foratime been év onyx /Jinn in themore limitedsignification, but by the 5 3rd year it could only be called év avyxpfo-

cc inthewider sense of the term; cf. 8.

§ 7 . x ex wpume‘mz updaodos.The ‘

cultivated land at Kerkeosiris inthis category fromthe 53rd to the4thyear consisted of 16} arourae of whichthe full rent was 83 }artabae (61. (b)250,

cf. 1. 13 rd imyeypamte‘va i xdw'

pta, 80. 99, 7 2. but theactual rentmuchless (cf. 60. 59, 61. (b)1 7, 7 7 . The name indicates that the revenue

derived fromthis land,thoughpaid to the S tate, was setas ide foraspec ial

5 70 TEB TUN I S PAPYRI

purpose,apractice whichwas common in the Ptolemaic period, whenwholevillagesmight be inGroped (6 . 5 7 , note),and so importantarevenueas the taxuponthe fishing industry of Lake Moeris was the perquisite ofaqueen. Theparticular object to whichthe rent of the land belonging to the x cxmpwufmapo’aobos was devoted is nowhere stated inthe Tebtunis papyri , but some lightis thrownupon the subject by one of the new Petrie papyri , writtenprobablyinthe reignof E piphanes, whichisafragment ofareport uponthe landandcr0ps of asimilar character to the annual reports of M enches. Afteranenumeration of lcpd yfi owned by d ifl'

erent shrines concluding ytvovrat iepiir(dpovpac) the papyrus continues xal r ijs év npomdbmfa» rfmov for

“

fiaache‘ws Ire. Inthe reignof E piphanes therefore itappears thataportionofthe Crown lands was setaside for themaintenance ofhis children. Whenhissons came to the throne this landmayhave beenretained by them, inwhichcase its descriptionmight easily be changed fromrfis év npoodbcp 7 61: rlmvfor?fiaad e

’

ws to 1139 x exwp wuémps npoadbov : or else itmayhave remainedasapermanent endowment of the king’s children, in whichcase n’

js x exmpwuémnpoadoov ismerely ashorter formof 7 69 év 11,000d 7 6 1: ‘

réw v roii fiend ishIn 67 . 1 £1: simply occurs as avariant of «ex cop wne‘vns npooébov inaland - survey of another village near Kerkeosiris. Land in this categoryis heard of also at Tebtunis (7 2. 261)and Magdola(81. and theremay wellhave been someat every village. Theadministrationof it was inthehands of ofl‘i c ials called npoardrat (60. 1 25 , 66 . 6, Up to the 49thyear these 16} arourae at Kerkeosirishad not been cultivated ; they werereclaimed in that year by Ptolemaeus son of Philinus , acting under theinstructions of the spoa'flims Dionysius, but only to fallout of cultivationagainimmediately (66 . 4

—2 1, 61. (6)9 In the 53rd yearhowever they wereagainreclaimedand letat the low rent of 1artabauponthearoura, whichseemstohave beenslightly raised by the 7th. year ; cf. 7 7 . 10.

Thoughinboth61. (b)250and 72. 223 theareaof the x q u pwpévn” 60030?

is givenas 16} arourae, these represent only theareaunder cultivation(cf. 61 (b)9 “79 fUWaPF‘r’nS‘ 3"“lb K]€ xwp. 1m),and the totalareawas reallymuchgreater.The 16} arourae were part of 78arourae,all of whichwere reclaimed inthe49thyear throughthe ex ertions of Dionysius the “poo

-

rain); and Ptolemaeus(33 4 and in7 8 . 8 these 78arouraeareagainheard of inconnex ionwiththe nex wpwplmj 1rp60'

obos. But the other 61}arourae were not reclaimedasecondtime like the and therefore, thoughthey would , if produc ingarevenue,have been included under the x exwpurjl e

‘vq npdoobos, theyareactuallyaccounted

for in61. (6)127 -

31 under theheading of the dudAoyou or land out of cultivation

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572 TE B TUN I S PAPYRI

can see, insurmountable, ex cept on thehypothesis that there is aseriousomissionof M enches somewhere ; for it is impossible to suppose that the landofHermogenesand Petimouthesand the rents derived fromit could legitimatelybe omittedaltogether inreckoning the totalareaand rents of the Crownlands.

To returnto themeaning of the phrase év O‘

vyxpfa'et in61. (6)and 72, thelist of lands under thisheading was ineachcase preceded byan introductorysectionex plaining the process by whichthe items included inthe following listwere placed 2» a-vyx plaa. In72 this introductory sect ion (II. 1—16)isalmostentirely lost,and what remains of it does littlemore than show that it wasdifferent fromthe correspond ing introduction in 6 1. (6) 19-

43. This is fairlywell preserved, but the Greek ismore thanusually crabbed and obscure. Themainpoint ishowever clear— that land inmryxptaatheremeans land whichwassubject to the decisionof the d ioecetes (cf. 61. (b) 19and 43and 5 . 54, note)becauseadoubt ex isted whether the full rents of it were to be exacted. Whenthe dioecetesmadehis decision, the land was takenout of the temporarycategory of land i va'vyx pirret and placed inamore permanent one, i. e. thedrmype'vov if the full rent was exacted, or the t

'

nrdAoyov if thehope of raisingarevenue fromit was definitely abandoned.

In61. (b)and 72 the entries under theheading inw yx pfo'

etall refer tothe lossto the State throughthe reductionby offic ials of the prescribed rents. Thishadtakentwo forms. Where the land was poorand the renthad beenfix ed too

high, the officials eithermadeaformal contract withthe cultivators foratermofyearsatalower rent, whichsometimes was onanascending scale (e. g.

53 or there was no contractatalland the land was let fromyear toyear forwhat rent it would fetch, this being the practiceoftenfollowed inthe case oflandwhichhad gone out of cultivationbutwas reclaimed (61. (6)89- 109 cf. 74. 5

—7)The items inthe two listsarearranged in 61. (6)according to this distinctionbetweenland leasedatareduced rent withor withoutacontract but in72 thissystemof classify ing land év O

'

vyx pfa'et is crossed byanother,according toamid!the land is divided intowhat was placed iv O

‘

vyxpia'et beforeandafter the disturb‘

ance inthe 4othyear, onwhichsee p . 553.

These reductions granted by local officials inthe nome couldhowever beannulledatanymoment by the dioecetes,and thereare several instances ofefforts on the part of thatmagnate to raise rents to the fullamount (111005760rd bcdrpopov, se. roi s dwarme fpors cf. 7 2. 217 thoughasarule without 8110065 3Anaccount ofageneralattempt whichtook place inthe 47thor 48thyearto restore to their former level the reduced rents is found in 61. (b)23 sqq.

A rchibius, the dioecetes of that period, seems tohave issued anorder thatthe difl'

erence inrents was to be collected,but whenthis came tobe carried

APPENDIX 1. § 8 5 73

out certainoffi cials reported that theyhad received peti tions fromthe cultivatorsof the land inquestionquoting promisesmade to them, that the rent would notbe raised beyond the termsmentioned inthe contract whenthe land was first let

at areduced rent (11. 23 The constructionof the following lines is very

uncertain, butapparently the cultivators requ ested that other persons shouldbe found to pay the increased rents ( i .e. they threatened to strike),and theofli cials backed up their demand by declaring that inview of the compuls ionwhichwas be ing applied inorder to obtainthe full rents inspite of the poorquality of the land, some of whi chhad evengone out of cultivation, there wasaprospect of the rest ceasing to be cultivated. Upon this Amphicles,the rinoumuaroypcicpos, issued instructions that if the rents were not forthcomingthe land was to be re- let,aproceeding whichapparently wouldhave the effect

of further reducing the rents . F inally the dioecetes issued anotherminute,asking for alist of the lessees and the terms of thearrangementsmade bythe local offic ials, inorder thathemight come toadec ision, and it was inaccordance withthis order that the following list was drawnup . Theattemptedincrease inthe rents was thereforeabandoned .

Another instance ofanattempt to recover the loss throughreductionofrents occurred inthe last year of E uergetes’

reign, whenthe dioecetes decided toraise the rent of the landmentioned in6 1. (6)45 - 69 to its former level. Theresult of this 067mm; washowever the reverse ofwhat was intended , for it wasd iscovered that the land inquestionhad gone out of cultivationand the lesseeswere dead, so that it became necessary to place it not inthe swarmbut inthefindkuyov, inwhichcategory it is found inthe fourthyear ; cf. 7 2. 205

- 19and1 85 , note. A third example ofanunsuccessfulattempt byad ioecetes to raiserents is recorded onthe verso of 72 ; cf. 440-

72, note. The orig inal reductionhad inthat case beengranted byaprevious dioecetes ,and the final result of theproceedings was that the land was placed in roiis inrjorawypammre’mv immanenoonévots, i. e. the proposed increase was postponed indefinitely untilamorefavourable occas ionoflered itself.While the landmentioned under thehead ing iv ovyxpfaec in61. (b)and 7 2

consists entirely of land leasedat reduced rents , other landmight be i v ovyspfaufor d ifferent reasons. Thus themdptnos yr'jassigned to cleruchshad once been‘subject to dec ision before the questionwhether the cleruchs were to keep it

or to restore it to the Crownhad beensettled ; cf. 6and 9. Althoughtheultimate decisionconcerning it wasmade inthe 5othyear (61. (b)213, note), theland is inlater years sometimes said -tobe still inavyx pfaa, e . g. in60. 65 - 6

, 66 .

72and 87 . The inconsistency betweenthese passagesand 61 . (b), where theland occurs either under the nuditoyav or inaclass by itself (cf. 9 is due to

574 TE B TUNIS PAPYRI

the fact that i v O'

vyx pfaet, thoughstrictly equivalent to iv roi savyxprowouivou(61. (6) isalsoapplied to land describedas f div evyx ex prpivmv.

9. rd findhoyov.

Inthe 53rd year (6 1. (b)247)1001 } arouraeand 50043,artabaeare placedinthis category , the details be ing given in ll. 1 10- 246 ; but 43arourae werereclaimed inthe course of the year (60. 86 For the 4thyear the corresponding totalsare 936} arouraeand 4838} artabae (7 2. 7 1 Two special reportsconcerning the 61r6Aoyov for the 4thand 5 thyearsare ex tant in 74and 75 , fromwhichitappears that later in the 4thyear the timihoyov was reduced to891;arourae accounting for 4622} artabae,and in the sthyear to 858} arouraeaccounting forabout 4462 (cf. 7 6 . 86

,note). There was thusagradual diminu

tionof itsareaduring M enches’

tenure of ofli ce, corresponding to the gradual

increase of theareaunder cultivation(cf. p. This land y ielded noprofit tothe State (dxpmrrov, 74 . and was therefore of the nature ofadeduction’

fromthe totalarea(cf. p . The rentsascribed to itare the original imyeypauuimi x ¢6pta, whichwere nowwholly lost. Thereare twomainclasses, (1)theCrownlands whichhad for various reasons gone out of cultivationbut whichactuallyremained inthe tenure of the Crown (2) land whichhad ceased to belong tothe Crown, but whichwas retained under thisheading because the loss totheState revenues continued .

The first class is subdivided , like the land iv rrv‘

yx pfaet in7 2,intothatwhich

went out of cultivationbefore the revolt of the 40thyear (cf. p. and thatwhichshared the same fateafterwards

,and eachsubdivision isarranged under

threeheads. Theseare the ipfipoxos or land whichhad beenflooded,WW"whichwas too salt to cultivateand whichinsome caseshad beenwornaway(7 4 ; 5 2 dihhvpfbof Ii” Kai “17 6560Oat x dpw [7 6hi rrevexdi vrov and x ipdot Ofland whichhad become dryand some of whichis stated in74 . 56 tohave gotinto this condition because itadjoined the other dry land whichhas norentassigned to it,’ i . e. the undhoyov d¢0pov i x rds p rodaic ems (cf. 1)rather thanthedesert (cf. 60. 42 ndpareioflar)ré‘

udpr). The individual items under eachheadarearrangedmore or less chronologically , beginning withthe latest,and insomecases details are givenas to the special cause of the land inquestionhavingceased to be cultivated. The earliest date reached inthe d ivisiondealingwithland whichwent out of cultivationbefore the 40thyear is the 1 2thyear OfPhilometor (cf. 61. (b) 149, note); the land whichhad ceased to be cultivatedbefore that date is dealt withunderanotherheading, that of land i v i rmdmtaii v&nohoywp ip Betweenthe years B. C . 1 70

- 69and B. C. I 18—7 , when01 9133

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TE B TUN IS PAPYRI

had inthe interval betweenthese twopapyri beentransferred fromthe categoryof év rrvyx pfoato that of év t

'mohdytp ; cf. 7 2 . 185 , note.

10. Land év data-nine: Kai. iv dn'ohoywmii.The land inthis obscure category , whichis the first deductionmade from

the total of the Crownlands (60. 48—50, 61. (a)163- 6) but the last class tobeconsidered (61 . (a)165 , (6)346 amounted inthe 53rd year to 2617

13arourae

accounting for 1 73217

, artabae. Inthe 4thyear (7 2. 339) the corresponding

figuresare for thearourae the same,for theartabae loomore ; but the difference

is probably due toanerror (cf. 7 2. 222, note). The totals of thearouraeandartabae under thisheadingare composed of four items. The first three oftheseresemble eachother inbeing the odifi

'

erences betweenalowerandahigher rentofcertainpieces of land (cf. 61. (b)398, note). The first (61. (b)35 1

-

98, 72. 341

whichis described at length,accounts for 387 19,artabae, the secondandthird (61. (6)399—

4 14 , 72 . 408 whichare dealt withmuchmore briefly, for21}and 8artabae respectively . The sumof these three entries (7 2 . 4 27)is therefore4 17%artabae. The remainder requ ired to produce the total of arouraeand (adopting the figure of 7 2) 183217,artabae, viz . the whole of thearouraeand14 156,artabae, forms the fourthitem, whichis describedas duoltéyov roii fies] 705

tB (grove) x etflévob év ratirmn'

ir rdfcft] (7 2. 428—9, fromwhich31, (5)419—20 is

restored). Thoughthe figures inthe sectiondealing withthe fourthitem, Whid'is subdivided like the ordinary fmdAo-yav (cf. 9) into gpfipox os, &c. withtheadditionof some new classes,are not completely preserved , there is enoughtoshow that the totals for land 30 émara’aet xal e’v dnohoywm} were obtained intheway that wehave described ; for 72. 430, 434,and 435 accountaltogether forapprox imately 239arourae and 1305 artabae,making, w iththe 417artabaepreviouslyascribed to the first three items, 1722artabae. To reachthe totalarouraeand 18321

7,artabae, 1 10artabaeare left to beaccounted for by

the 22arourae described in7 2. 431—3and 436 ; i .e. theaverage rentascribed t°

these 22arourae was 5artabae, whichis not only quite inaccordance '

withtherent of the ( pfipoxos (alittle over 5 1} artabae onthearoura, 72.

but is

confirmed by the rent of one of themissing items (7 2. artabae.

The four entries composing the totals for land év &mcrrdo'ec Kai. év&rohoywl‘t'thus fall into two d istinct classes, (a) the difference betweentwo sets of rents

upon certain land , (6) uncultivated land withatheoretical rentascribed toit,like thatalready discussed in 9. There isanoteworthy similarity betweenih‘treatment of the land forming class (a)and that of land év avyx pfaa I“

bothcases thearourae are ignored and the essential point is the difl'erencc

APPENDIX 1. m 7

betweentwo scales of rents ; but under thehead ing iv ovyx pfoetare placed thereductions fromthe fix ed rents

,while the category év 377107 60 6 1ml iv dnohoywmp

is concerned withincreases, the various words employed being émye’vwa(7alnfraats‘ (7 2. and tinepBo

'

M ov (7 2: There canbehardlyany doubt thatthe rents thus subjected toan increase were the émyeypappe'vai x tpdp ta,and thatthe differences reckoned under thehead ing e

’

v ex tor tionmi. iv dnv ympqiarecorrelative of those under thehead ing Ev a'vyx pt'of t , the one constituting thegain, the other the loss

, to the State throughalterations in the prescribedrents. S ince the total of the three items inclass (a)only takesaccount of theincrease uponthe rents, whichinthe case of the first entry reachthe veryhighscale of 10 artabae onthearoura

,it follows that the presc ribed rentsand the

arouraemust beaccounted for elsewhere, justas the totals concerning theheading év rrvyx pfrrt

'

t ignore thearouraeand the rentsactually paid ,whichare or ought

to be included inthe category of land under cultivation. Theamounts whichrequ ire to be accounted for are ( 1)25 1 arourae produc ing 1355 artabae (7 2.

380—6) (2) arouraeatarent of 2 231,artabae (7 2. (3) 8arourae y ielding

3931,artabae (7 2. If theseareas were still be ing cultivated inthe 53rdand

4thyears ,we should ex pect tofind themunder the d-mjypévov. The land ofwhich

the rent is below 5artabaemay be identical withsome ofareas rentedat similarrates in6 7and 7 0 but since some of the rentsmentioned in7 2. 38 1

- 6are over5%artabae onthearourae,and thereare no rents in6 7 - 70higher than5artabae,it is not possible to identify those withanythingmentioned in6 7 or 70,

thoughin6 6 , whichdeals withthe 5othyear, rentsashighas 533artabae occur. I f

,on

the otherhand ,these areashad gone out of cultivationby the 53rd year, they

would be ex pected toappear under theheading of dndAoyov ;and since the landdescribed in 72 . 341

-

407 produced arentatany rate until the 3rst year ofE uergetes I I (61. (b)362 , note), itmust be looked for inthe fmdkoyov placed inthat category after the g1 5 t year. Here too it is imposs ible to sayanythingdefinite w i thregard to the land leasedat less than5artabae onthearoura; butthere is no itemin61. (b) 1 10-

5 4and 1 85- 6 whichcorresponds exactly to the

131arourae in7 2 . 381—5 ratedat or artabae, the nearestapprox imation

being found in61. 137— 8

, where out of 1 78garourae 130—2 were ratedat

5313, or 5 155 artabae. Our conclusion therefore is that the arourae and14 163artabae ignored in 7 2 . 34 1

—427 cannot satisfactorily be supposed to be

included intheaccount of land under cultivation, but that theymay perhaps bereckoned in the category of land év inrohdycp. A similar difficultyarose withregard to some of the itemsmentioned intheaccount of land i v inn/spid er, whichcould not be traced intheaccount of land under cultivation(cf. p .

There ishoweveranalternative to look ing for the lost 26811,arouraeandP P

578 TEB TUN I S PAPYR I

14 165artabae underanother category . The totals of the fourthitemunder theheading i v imordoi c Kai iv &nohoycopéi (7 2 . 428-

38)amount to 26111

3 arouraeand 14 1512, artabae, whichare sufficiently near to the other figures to suggest

thehypothesis that the twoare really identical. The general descriptionof thefourthitemis duohdyov 7 06 i s

'] roii rfi (i rous) x etp.[i vo]v iv forint ni t rdfih] (72.

428 The land was certainly uncultivated at the time when72 (and nodoubt 6 1)was drawn up ,and 11. 430—6 describe itsactual condition; cf. noteon61. (b)426. roii i ces roii tfli rovs would naturally be takenasanadjectivalphraseagreeing withfmoAdyov (cf. the commonly recurring phrase {mohdyov rofi

iws roii AOhave), notas qualify ing x etp ivov, i . e. the ‘unproductive land which

became unproductive before the 1 2thyear and which' is now placed inthiscategory ’

(se. iv imavdoet Kai iv &nohoywpei), the implicationbeing that the landhad continued to be unproductive ever since it was placed iv {mohdytp beforethe 1 2thyear. This interpretationaccords very well withthe fact that intheaccount of the ordinary frmiAoyov the earliest date reached is the 12thyearof Philometor, whichwas the first of the joint reignof the two brothers(cf. p. Since that year wasmarked byageneralvaluationofBamhmj, thereis nothing surprising in finding the land whichhad gone out of cultivationbefore that year and the rents previously assigned to it dealt withunderad ifferentheading fromthat of land whichsubsequently ceased tobe cultivated.This view of the dmo yov i os roii cfli rovshowever will requ ire somemodifications if the landand rents included under itare identified withthose described,but left out ofaccount, in 7 2. 341

—407 ; for not only was that land being

cultivated at various periods between the 1 2thyear of Philometorand the5grd of E uergetes I I but the imyi ypamt i vai x tpdptawere raised . While thePM”56

fmoAdyov rot? i ces rov i rovs canmean ‘ land whichwas unproductive uPt°

the 12thyear,’ implying that in that year it ceased to be so, theanalogyof the other uses of 8minconjunctionwithdnv ’

yovand the fact that the landwas unproductive in the 53rd year areagainst this ; and it would be verystrange if the only land tohave its rents raisedafter the 1 2thyear of Philometorwas just this land whichwas out of cultivation prior to that year. Theidentification therefore of the 2681

1,arourae withthe dmiltoyov ias roii tfl

seems to us not less difficult thanthe view that they were or ought tohavebeenaccounted for under some quite differentheading.

The result of our inqu iry so far is to show that the category i v interimm‘i v dnokoyumq'i probably consists of (a) the gains to the State throughtheraising of rents above the level of the imyeypapp ivaimpo'ptafix ed inthe1 2thyear of Phi lometor, (b)the land whichhad gone out of cultivationbeforethis year and its theoretical rents, whichmusthave beenfix edat somemUCh

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580 TEB TUN IS PAPYRI

anincrease inthe rents inspite of the statement in61. (5)359—60 that the newyewpyof wereappointed oneasier terms thantheir predecessors (cf. 81. (b)351,note);and the first three items under theheading i v imordo-aKai iv 61:vwmight be ex plained inthis way ,as being land subject toan i nfm’ams ofnewyewpyoc

’

withthe object of raising the rents. This theoryhowever does notatall su it the fourthitem, the timihoyov iws rofi tfi irous

'

, whichhas nothing todowitharise of rents ;and if iv i rrwrda'et is ex plained by reference to imaraaiivac,it will be necessary todrawasharp distinctionbetweeniv inwrdai tand ivdnohowave;andassignthe dro’ltoyov to the latter (v. sup.) I f i v imardai t couldmeansomething like ‘

inabeyance (whichis not far removed fromsome of its knownusages)itsapplicationtothe imdAoyovwould beappropriate enoughand, supposing that the increase inthe rents was inthe 53rd year no longer being paid(which, especially if the imyeypanpe’vai xodptawereaccounted for under theheading i v runways, ismost probable ; cf. p . they toomight well be iv into-ri cerinthis sense. But for the present themeaning of land iv inw rdoi tml ivdrakeyco

'

pq'

imust beadded to themany new problems raised by the present series oftex ts, forasatisfactory solutionof whichwemustawait further evidence.

A PP E N D I X'

I I

THE R ATIO or S ILVER AND COPPER UNDER THE PTOLEM IES.

THE papyri inthe present volume providealarge number of clear instancesof the conversionof silver into copper drachmae during the reigns of Soter II,Ptolemy A lexander,and N eos Dionysus. The ratios found are : 500 : I (35 '

5 , I 7) 495 : I (120. 108, 4871} 1 (112. 122, 120. 40, 5 1 -

4 , 128 , 2 475 3 i

(112 I l l, 462i r (17 5 , 460 1 (116 . 45 8 : 1 45mx

(120. p. 495 , 134 , 209 , (113 . 13 432} 1 41 2} 1 (131

p . 502 , 410 1 (189 , 400 : 1 (121. 5 , 64 , 69,

375 l I t is obvious that this new evidence conflicts inthemostmarkeddegree withthe universallyaccepted theory that the ratio of value betweenthesilverand the copper drachmainthe late Ptolemaic period, uponwhichare basedmore or less plausible views of the ratioof silverand copper, was 120 r. Thearguments infavour of 1 20 1as the normal ratio of value betweenasilverand

APPENDIX 11. § z 58 1

acopper drachmawere examined indetail by Grenfell inR evenue Laws, App. i ii.

pp . zoosqq. He there showed (1)that the demotic formulawhichwas supposedto prove it was probablyatranslationofaG reek formulawhichdid not proveany ratioatall (pp. soy and (2)that thearguments fromGreek papyri bywhichthe theoryhad beensupported were either wrong orat best inconclusive(pp . 2 10 N evertheless

,in theabsence ofany d irect evidence foranalter

native ratioand inview of the generalagreement uponthe 1 20 1 theory ,which

was considered by the leading authority on Ptolemaic numismatics , the lateM r. R . S . Poole, to su it the coins

,headhered to i t. I t is not necessary to repeat

all the objections there urgedagainst the 1 20 1 theory , for they stillhold good ,and the numerous conversions inthe Tebtunis papyri of copper into silverdrachmae at aratio three or four times ashighas 120 1 are practicallysuf’fic ient by themselves to put that theory out of court. But since the supposedratio of 1 20 1 between the value ofasilver and acopper drachmaand theresulting ratio of 1 20- 1 50 1 betweensilverand copperhave found their wayintoall books dealing withPtolemaic numismaticsand are therefore likely to

d iehard,it is worthwhile to revert to the positioninwhichthe problemwas left

by G renfell in 1 896 and , while calling attention to the errors involved in the1 20 : 1 theory , to show that the old evidence is really in completeharmonyw iththe new.

2 . TIre old evidence.

Firstas to the demotic formulawhichwas the principal basis of the 120 1

theory . The study of demotic has in the last few yearsmade considerableadvance throughthe researches of Sp iegelberg, K rall,and G riffith,and though,as inthe case ofhieroglyphics , the best scholars areamong themost cautiouswithregard to translations, i t is now poss ible togiveamore satisfactoryaccountof themuch- d iscussed phrase whichoccurs indemotic contracts bothbeforeandafter the introductionof the copper standard in the reignof E piphanes (R ev.

Laws, A pp . i ii. pp. zoo- to). The demotic names for coins are the kerkercorrespond ing to the talent, the debu t (previously called by E gyptologists uten

corresponding to so drachmae, the stater of four drachmae (atransliterationofthe G reek word ,miscalled by R evillout Shekel),and the ki te of 2 drachmae ;and the formulaconsists ofagroup of signsaffix ed to sums of coppermoneyex pressed inthose terms. A bout some of these signs, the firstmeaning “

copper,”

the thirdmeaning 24 and the fifthmeaning there is universalagreementamong E gyptologists and there is no question that the 24 refers to unities ofcopperand the 2 toaunity of silver. The dispute turns onthemeanings of thesecond signbetween copper and and the fourthpreceding and onthe

582 TEB TUNIS PAPYRI

unities of copperand silver ex pressed or implied . R evillout translated the first

doubtful sign‘ équivalence ’

or‘taux ,

’and , until the publicationofhis M llarzger,’the otheras tenth,’ i .e. dont le change enairainest 24 pour (cf. Rev.Laws,p . supposing that the unity to be supplied withboththe 24and the 135 wasthe deberz (or, ashe called it

,the argenteus This ex planation, if

correct, would yieldaratioof 1 20 1 . Butas was pointed out by Grenfell, thewhole phrase looks likeatranslationof the G reek formulafound inRev. Lawslx . 15 (Am/flinch) i ls revarar iipaJfiokoias x 6 ;and sincethat passagehasnothingtodowitharatio betweensilverand copper drachmaeand the relationof theobol to the copper drachmais one of themainpointsat issue, the demoticformulacould not bemade to prove the ratio of 1 20 1 ex cept byapetitz

'

o

pr im-{pa(cf. R ev. Laws, pp . 207 The view that the doubtful second signmeans ‘ équ ivalence ’has, we understand

,beenabandoned by demotic scholars,

and if for R evillout’

s earlier translationof the signpreceding 2' be

substitutedhis later translation‘ kite (cf. M flanges, pp. 104and the identityof the demotic formulawiththe G reek is stillmoreapparent.

Anotherattempt to ex tract the ratio of 120 1 fromthe demotic formulawasmade by Brugschon lines different fromthose of R evillout. Brugsch’sCx planationof the obscure second sign(A egypt. Zd isc/tr . 1889, p . 10)was that itmeant kite,and (considering the fourthsignto be ‘

tenth’)be translated thephrase ‘

24 copper kites :136 (silver This too brings outaratioof 120 : I

betweensilverand copper, but is in some respects less satisfactory thaneitherof R evillout

’

s ex planations, foracopper kite beingaccording toBrugschworth31 obol, the demotic formula,as translated byhim, is further removed fromtheG reek, inwhichthe ‘

24’refers to obols, thanit isaccordmg to the view Of

R evillout who referred the ‘24

’

to copper debens, whichon the 120 : 1 theoryare equivalent to obols. Itmayalso be observed that Brugschdid not believeinthe ratioof 120 : 1 becausehe found it inthe demotic formula, but foundthis ratio inthe formulabecausehe believed in it onother grounds. Thisappears fromapassage inwhichhe is ex plaininghow the demotic formula, i stranslated byhim, comes tobe used for ex pressing the ratioof 1 20 1 . Havingidentified the copper kiteand the xaoiJr, bothof whichare onhismoz ltheory worth3

13 of asilver drachma,he proceeds : daaber der griechiSCh'

ptolemaische ChalkusaufGrund iiberlieferterPapyrusurkundenmit Berechnungeflregelmassiganf Kupferdrachmenabgeschéitz t wird, somusste dieaegypfififiheKupfer

-kite gleichfallsauf 21} Kupferdrachmen. .angesetz t gewesensein Of

course if the xaovs was ever equated to 21} COpper drachmae, cadi t guaestw;there is at once evidence for aratio of between silver and top?“

drachmaemuchstronger thanany inference fromthe demotic formula‘24

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584 TE B TUNIS PA PYR I

introduced by the employment of different standards ofmeasurement (e.g. fortheartabaand themetretes)are so numerous thatany generalizations based upon

acomparisonof pricesare ex tremely insecure. Wehave shownwithregard towine (112. 36, note)that the price ofaxoiis, one of the comparatively few fix edmeasures, varies inthe papyri of the present volume from800 to 2663copper

drachmae,and withregard tooil (116 . 40, note)that the price ofacotyle rangesfrom120 to 240 copper drachmae. Anartabaof wheat is valuedat 720 drachmae

800 (112. 840 1000 (116 . 1 1080 1 200 (112.

1440 1500 (112. 1600 1680 (117 . 10 1 800 (120. 2coo

(11. 17 , 109 . and 4 silver drachmae (120. while in the penalty clausesof loans, valuesashighas even3000 drachmae (105 . 46, 110. 10)are found.

Withthe ex ceptionof P. Grenf. I . 22. 9— 13, where the price ofanartabais

1200 copper drachmae, the published papyri of the later Ptolemaic period giveno definite indication withregard to wheat. In P. Par. 8. 6 writtenafterB . C. 131 , where 6 talents 4ooo drachmaehave beenthought to be the priceof 100artabae of wheat

,nvpoii (afigure illegible inthe facsimile)

should be read formoii p ;and P. Brit. M us. 23 (B . C . 15 7 whereanartabaof wheat is estimated at only 100 drachmae,and Wilcken, Aktmstucéev—vii,

where the same estimate is found inabout B. C . 130 (Wilcken, I. p.

are instances ofanadaeratz’owhichwas obviouslymuchinfavour of the payer.The prices ofaims found inthe Serapeumpapyri of Philometor’

s reignrangefrom200 to 400 copper drachmae for theartaba(Lumbroso, R ec/term“, p. 7 ;

P. Salluz z i,S u i presst

'

inEg i ttonell’

std tolemaica1, R z'm'stadr' star z'aantica,vi. 1,

pp. 34 but the nature of the grain is not specified. A ll the evidence

regard ing prices being so conflicting, it is obviously vainto rely onthemforprovingaratio of 1 20 : 1 foracomparisonof prices insilverand copper (e.g.

P. Brit. M us. 35and P. Tor. 13, whereanartabaof olyrais valuedat 300 copperand 2 silver drachmae respectively)appears to su itaratioof 1 20 : 1 better thanamuchhigher ratio only onthe arbitrary assumption that approx imately thesame price ismeant inbothcases.

This valuablemon phcollecting the informationabout prices inPtolemaic papyri publishedPPto 1900 requires to be wi thsome reserve. The Parisand Leydened itors were very inaccurate“lbregard to the decipherment of figures,and since theaccounts in the Leydenpapyri were not published“1

facsimileand there seems no prospect of theappearance ofWilcken’s revised tex ts of them,muchOi ll”

evidence derived fromthat source is untrustworthy. M oreover, the learnedauthoress is notalways l bw“of the developments of papyrus cri ticism; e. g. on 23 P. Brit. M us. 50 is stillas cri bed tothe first 0ehmB. c .

, though1thas long beenknownto belong to the third oratany rate to the beginning of the second“

afact whichhasanimportant bearing onthe nature of the drachmae. What ismore serious is thath“systemof determining the size of the variousartabae,metretae, &e.

, is not onlyarbitrary, but,as is She“?by the present volume, oftenwrong (cf. for theartaba61. (11)386 , note),and thather treatment of gumrests onthe identificationof r vpésand aims whichis demonstrably incorrect ; for up on,was,andMwerealso included inthe category ofai‘ros (cf. p.

APPENDI X 11. 5 585

Moreover now that it is at lengthpossible to look at the evidence of

previously published papyri without being prejudiced in favour of the ratioof t 2oz 1 betweenasilverand acopper drachma, several instancesare foundto confirmthemuchhigher rate found in the Tebtunis papyri. A ratio of

45o: 1 between copper and silver drachmae removes at one stroke all thed ifficulties connected withpapyrus O of Leyden. That document isacontractwritteninthe reignof Ptolemy A lexander for the loanof 1 2 drachmae dpyvpfovimmjnov Hrohepatxofi’

voufnnaros,and the debtor bindshimself,ifhe does not

returnthe sumat the stipulated time, topay the 13114 6v withinterestat the rateof 60 copper drachmaeamonthfor eachstater. A taratio of betweencopperand silver drachmae

,and supposing that the stater wasanordinary silver

stater, the rate of interest implied by the contract was 150 per cent.ayear,whichwas out ofall proportion to rates of interest found inother loans . In

order to overcome this difficulty , it was therefore necessary to suppose either,

as R evillout suggested, that the stater was of gold, not silver, aview whi chis open to grave objec tions (cf. R ev. Laws

, pp . 2 1 1 or,as proposed by

G renfell,that the stater in question was of puremetaland ex changed at

ahigher rate than the ord inary debased staters of the period ,anarbitrary

conjecture not inthe least supported by the use of the termtip‘

ytiptov i r fmmov,whichsimplymeans ‘

coined silver.’

But onaratio of 450 1 betweencopper

and silver drachmae the rate of interest implied is only 40 per cent.ayear,which, since the normal rate was 30 per cent., offers no d ifficulty .

The other instances are stillmore striking, for they refer toactual con

versions of silver drachmae into copper. Twoapparent examples of conversionsof silver drachmae into c0pperat ratios of 450 1 and 45 5 1 inPtolemaicostracaare givenby Wilcken(Ost. I . p. whohowever did not feel sufficientconfidence in the natural interpretation of themtoabandon the prevailingtheory. There is now no reason to doubt that they are bothreal cases of

conversion. And as long agoas 1 870 Lumbroso withhis usual acutenessperceived (R eciterr/wr , pp. 4 1

—2) that two passages inex tant papyri pointed toconversions of silver drachmae. Theseare ( 1)P. Par. 59. 2—5 , where the correc t

reading is rdv Ad‘

yov réiv xahx éiv dnimxa(l. dnéa'xnxa (bpaxpds)ndpyvpfov

(bpap s)’

AS£ml nape ooi)‘

(bpaxnds) ’A,m'n'paxard ddd v (bpaxptfiv) 4;ml rd

eip cinov (bpax péiv)fi r, (rdAavrov)a(bpax pai) pp :and (2)P. Brit. M us. 29. 1 - 6,

whichshould be read ratirwv Adyar 5010769 Todfiros M ovfov rul ijv (bpaxnal) ’

B,

(Dadpfir t owbdva(bpaxpal) ’

Bp, (bpaxptal) '

Ap dpyupfov (bpaxpal) (rdAavrov)r,followedafteraspace by ’

A1roMaovfwt (bpaxnal)’

BE . Inthe first case the 8 silverdrachmae disappear in the totaland seemto be converted into 4260 copper

drachmae, givingaratio of 532§ 1 ; but Lumbroso,misled by the wrong

586 TEB TUNIS PA PYR I

reading 11 for 11, inferred aratio of 106 ( it should be strictly to1 . Theerror inthe reading was set right by R evillout (Lettres d M . Lmormcmt, p.

who inorder to reconcile the papyrus withthe 1 20 : 1 theory was obliged torej ect the ideaof there beingaconversionatall,and to suppose that the silver

drachmae were simply omitted altogether in reckoning the total. But thereis no longerany valid reasonfor recoiling beforearatio of 1

, whichisonly slightlyhigher thanone of the ratios found in this volume (500 1

,35 .

5 , and the probability that Lumbroso’

s ex planationwas on the rightlines gains support fromthe other passage. Here too Lumbroso was ledastray by the error 7 for rafter the signfor talent,and the ratioof 125 1 whichhe inferred fromthe supposed sum4100 copper drachmae+ 8 silver 3 talentsof copper 1s rightly shownby R evillout (I. c.)to be inadmissible. The calculat ionunderany circumstances presents some difficulties ; probably,as Revilloutsuggests, (rdAavrov) 7means not 300 talents but 1 talent 300 drachmae, beingthe sumof 4 100 drachmae for the clothadded to the 2200 paid toApollonius.

Inthat case the 8 silver drachmaeare to be regarded notas omittedaltogetherbutas the equivalent of the 4 100,

whichy ieldsaratio of 5 1 1,very similar

to that found inP. Par. 59. Another probable instance ofaconversionofsilver into copper drachmae whichhashitherto beenoverlooked occurs in

P. Petrie ll. 39 (d),apapyrus of the second century B . c .,belonging tothe

reignof E piphanes or Philometor. In1. 8 of that document dvd ’

B¢ Cleafl)irefers to the rateat whichthe 20 (not 8)drachmae of silver in l. 7are convertedinto the sumincopper whichis lost in l. 9. The unit of silver worth2500copper drachmae canhardly be other than the stater, whichis the regularsilver unit inthe Tebtunis papyri ; so that this papyrus indicatesaratioOf625 : 1 betweensilverand copper drachmae.

Lastly theargument fromthe copper coins (R ev. Laws, pp . 216 thatthe ratio of 1 20 1 su ited the only classificationof themby anumismaticalex pert, the late M r. R . S . Poole, need not detainus long. In the first place,evenifhis proposed normal weights of the copper coins beaccepted,his systemwould suitaratio of 30, 60, 240, or 480 : 1 betweencopperand silveralmostas wellas 1 20 1 . But themethod ofaverages by whichthese normal weight5were obtained is very insecure owing to the complications introduced by thefact that the coins were struck indifferent countries (Egypt , Phoenicia, Cyprus,Cyrene),and by the difficulty of determining the loss of substance ina("OPPercoin. Theallocationof the coins to particular kings canrarely bemadewithcertainty,and since no series of weights of copper coins

,even if the weights

of the various denominations were uniformand known, would really provethe ratio of copper to silver unless theyhad their silver valuemarked on

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588 TE B TUNIS PAPYR I

siderationof those whichcomeat the beginning. We shall endeavour in thepresent essay to bemore cautious

,andmay state that wehave no intentionof constructing acomplete theory withregard to the copper coinage. Thepublicationof M . Svoronos

’

promised Corpus will, we trust, supply the evidenceofalargeandaccurately weighed collectionof copper coins,and the enormousquantity of early Ptolemaic papyri found inthe last three years canhardly failto throw light uponthe coinage problems of the thirdand second centuries B.C.

Pending the issue of freshmaterials, our present task is thehumbler one of

lay ing the discussionof the subject onafirmer foundation, entering indetai lonly uponthe conditionofaffairs inthe period withwhichthe present selectionof Tebtunis papyri is concerned .

Wemay commence withabrief survey of theavailable evidence. For thethird century B. c ., the period of the silver standard before the introductionof copper drachmae, there is notmuchto beadded to that used by Grendin R ev. Laws

,A pp. iii. The new Petrie papyri provide numerous other

examples of the formulaAnwdpwa( ls rev ara'n'jpadfiohm‘ls as wellas of

conversions of copper into silveratadiscount ofabout to per cent. like theinstances quoted inR ev. Laws, p. 199 ; but they throw no freshlight upon

the nature of the obol, whichis the central problem,andas before, the ratioof silver to copper inthe third century B. C. canonly be determined by indirectarguments based uponthe ratiointhe later period. Fromthe side ofnumismaticssome new dataareafforded by the weights ofasmallhoard of c0pper coinsfound by Quibell (M ilneap. Qu ibell, Ramesseum, p . and by thearticlesof Svoronos on the coins of Philadelphus (yearn. internat. (fare/z. extremism. ii i.

pp. 83 sqq.,R evue beige de numism. Onthe otherhand the Tebtunis

papyri for the first time provide undoubted instances of conversions of silver intocopper drachmae, and there is good reasonfor think ing that other examplesof similar conversions at slightlyhigher rates ex ist in ex tant papyri of theearlier part of the second century B . C . (cf. p. though, since the possibility ofadifferent ex planationremains, we donot propose toLaymuchstress onthosethree examples.

We start therefore withanumber of conversions of silver into c0pper

drachmae covering the reigns ofSoter I I , Ptolemy A lexander,and N eos Dionysusat ratios vary ing from500 : I to 375 : I . The first remark to bemade is thatthere is now no longerany gulf fix ed betweenthe ratios of silverand c0pper

drachmae inthePtolemaicand inthe Romanperiod . E xamples of conversions ofsilver into copper drachmaeat 450 : 1are knowninthe earlier part of the Romanperiod fromP. Ox y . I I. 242, 243, 331 , 333, 337 , 338, 340, whilearatioof 500 : 1

occurs inP. Brit. M us. 266 (cf. P. Ox y. I I . pp. 187 and one of

APPENDIX 11. 5 3 589

(probably) inP. Fay . Towns 44 and 308. These ratios are nohigher thanthose found at the end of the second century B. c .,

and it is clear that thelinks betweenthemonetary systemof Egypt under the later Ptolemiesandthe Romans are closer thanhas been supposed. But while this introducesanew and ixnportant factor into the problems concerning the ratio of silverand copper inRoman times

,that subject is beset by toomany difficulties of

its own to be cons ideredhere.

'

To return to the vary ing ratios found in the Tebtunis papyri , the greatdivergence between them, whichfar transcends the 10 per cent. discount knowninboththe earlierand later periods, shows clearly enoughthat intrying tofind

one consistentand fix ed ratio for silverand copper drachmae previous inqu irershave beensearchingafterachimera. Inprivate transactions there was no fix ed

ratioatall, for d ifferent rates of ex changeare found eveninthe same papyru s(e. g. cf. 112 . 1 1 1and 120, 120. 40and 108

,and A s for the official rate

wehave only the evidence of one papyrus, where it is 500 I (3 5 . 5 , beingthushigher thanany of the private rates . Wemay ultimately be led onothergrounds to the conclusionthatafix ed offic ial rate of ex change betweensilverand copper ex isted for certain purposes in the third century B.C.,and even

inthe later period (cf. p . butmuchas our inquiry would be s implifiedbyhaving only one ratio to deal withinstead ofmany, wemust beginbyaccepting thehard fact that in the period from120—60 B. C. no uniformratiobetweenas ilverandacopper drachmacanbe traced .

Postponing for the present the d ifficult questionhow these variationsareto be ex plained, we proceed to consider the effect of this evidence upon thecoins. I f we candetermine what coinor coins represent e. g. 20 drachmae, weshall knowatany rate withincertainlimits the ratio betweensilverand copper

inthe later Ptolemaic period,and this information canbe usedasastartingpoint foraninvestigationof themonetary conditions of the third century . But

before entering uponad iscussionof the coins,it is necessary tomake clear

certainassumptions without which,as it seems to us, no progress canbemade.

The chief of these is that the relative weights of copper coinsareat leastanapprox imate ind icationof their relative value . Ourmeaning will be madeclearer by an illustration. LetabeaPtolemaic copper coinworth3: copperdrachmae,and banother coinofabout the same period weighingapprox imately10a; we believe that b is worthapprox imately 10 x . Unless thisassumptionis granted , it is obviously qu ite useless toattempt to deduceanything fromthe weights of copper coinsatall withregard to the ratio of silverand copper.

I t is possible that we ought to go furtherand regard the weight ofacoppercoinas the absolute criterionof its value. Thehypothesis that the copper

90 TE B TUNIS PAPYR I

coinshad no face valueatall,and that inevery transactionweighinghad to

be resorted to, would remove the difficulty of classify ing the fluctuating we ightsof Ptolemaic copper coins under different denominations by the denial thatanyfix ed denominations ex isted . Inthat caseacoinweighing 40 grammes wouldbe worthexactly 13, timesasmuchasacoinweighing 35 grammes and g ofacoinweighing 45 grammes. Suchasupposition would involve no greatd ifli culty in E gypt , where coins were prac tically unknown before the timeof A lexander, and the peoplemusthave beenfully accustomed to weighingthe prec iousmetals. But, if the copper coins were regardedas nothingmorethanpieces of bullion, theyhardly served the function of coins

,and if theyc irculatedat valuesaccord ing to their precise weights, we should ex pect to find

inpapyrimuchmore complicated fractions of the oboland of copper drachmaethanis the case (cf. pp . 593 M oreoverat the end of the Ptolemaic period it

seems clear that some fix ed denominations ex isted in sp ite of d ifferences of

weight (cf. p . so that we prefer to suppose that acertainamount offluctuation was throughout compatible withthe ex istence of denominationshaving definite values. The point onwhichwe wishto insist is that consideringthe ex traordinary importance of the copper coinage inEgypt it is onlymon

able toassume that the weightsare consistently the chief criterionof value. We

do notmeanby this assumption toassert that the copper coinage of thePtolemies was inno senseatokencoinage ; that isanother problemaltogether,and depends on the questionwhether the ratio of value betweensilver andcopper,as shownby the coinage,agrees withthe commercial ratio of the twometals. A s amatter of fact the importance of the copper coinageand thesmallness of the official discount oncopper paid instead of silver (cf. R ev. Laws,p . 2 1 7) still seemto be good reasons for thinking that even in the earlierPtolemaic period copper was notatokencoinage. But theassumptionwearenow concerned withis something simpler,and we should nothave been con

cerned to emphasiz e it so strongly if ithad not recently been implic itly deniedby M . Svoronos inhis proposed classificationof the copper coins of Philadelphusin the art iclesmentioned above. F inding sevendenominations of whichtheweightsapprox imately formthe following series 1

, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 ,he wishestoarrange the value of these inthe series 1

,2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7 , the unit being ineach

case the obol. This theory is put forward very tentatively by itsauthor, whopromises toelaborate it inhis forthcoming Corpus,and we shouldhave preferredto wait until it wasmore fully developed before dealing withit. Our ex cuse

for tryinghere tonip it inthe bud is that ithas beenadopted without reserveby M . Babeloninhis recently published Traz'té desmonnaz'es greeques et romaine-s ,

and thathe goes evenastep further thanSvoronos, byassigning to the supposed

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92 TE B TUNIS PAPYR ]

the papyrus whichsuggested it tohim(P. Ox y . I . 9 verso1 whereadrachmaof 7 obols ismentioned, refers not to the Ptolemaic period but,as ex plainedin the note upon that passage, to the Roman. There is,as we pointed out,some resemblance between themonetary conditions of the third century B . C.

and the Roman period , in bothof whichthe standard was silver, and thecopper obols were sometimes subject to adiscount. But the proportion7 obols to 1 silver drachma

,whichis the justificationof Svoronos’ ‘heptobole, ’

is found ex clusively in the Romanperiod . In the third century D. C. obols

at adiscount ex changed, so far as is known, at the proportionof 26 and afractionforastater, neverat 28,and there isabsolutely noground for supposingacoinof 7 obols tohave ex isted inthe early Ptolemaic periodatall. Withoutthe support of P. Ox y . I . 9 the whole systemof classifying those seven

denominations of the copper coins of Philadelphusasmultiples of the obolbecomes qu itearbitraryand need detainus no further, for theassumptionthatthe weights of copper coinshave not evenanapprox imate relation to theirvalue seems to us fundamentally unsound.

Having, wehope, shown reasonable ground for believing that the weightofaPtolemaic copper coinis themain, thoughnot necessarily theabsolute ,

criterionof its value, we need lay downonly onemore general proposition,whichmay sound likeatru ismbut is of real importance— that the right theoryof the ratio between silver and copper will satisfy the evidence of boththepapyriand coins, inother words thatatheory whichsu its one, but not the other ,

is wrong. Withthis preface we proceed toanexaminationof the coins.

4. TIre evidence of tire coins.

The weight of Ptolemaic silver coins, whichare chiefly tetradrachms, varieslittle,and the normafter the reignof Soter Ihas beenclearly established to bethe Phoenic iandrachmaof 3-62 grammes . We now know fromthe Tebtunispapyri that this was worthafter 120 B. C . from375 to 500 c0pper drachmae .

But what was the weight ofacopper drachma? Hitherto thealmost universalviewhas beenthat it wasapprox imately the sameas that ofasilver drachma.The name supplies themost obviousand strongestargument for thishypothes is,whichnecessarilyhas the first claimuponourattention. We need not,howeve r

,

lead our readers into,adiscussionof the various kinds of copper drachmae ,

whether onaPhoenician, A ttic, or E gyptianstandard , whichhave beenthoughttounderlie the copper coins. Inthe ex isting conditionof Ptolemaic numismat icsit is qu ite premature to talkabout normal weights of copper coinsas if theyhadany real ex istence ,and for our presentargument theactual‘ weights ofafew

APPE NDIX [ 1. § 4 593

coinsare sufli cient. If the copper drachmaweighed approx imately the sameas the silver drachma, the ratio of silver to copper was when375—

500 copper

drachmae ex changed for 1 silverapprox imately 375 1 to 500 1 ,and weareconfronted withaproportionaccording to whichthe value of silver ismuchhigher thanthat whichis knowntohave ex isted inany other coinage in theGracco- Romanworld. The nearest approachthat wehave beenable to findis 288 1

, whichappears tohave beenthe early ratiointhe westernM editerranean,thoughby 268 B. C. ithad sunkat Rome to (Hill, Handbook of Greekand R omanCoins, pp. 47and The d ifli culty of believing inthishighratiois increased by the fact that the silver tetradrachms of the later Ptolemaic periodare of inferior quality ,and that wheninthe Romanperiod silver gave way tobillonthe samehighratio is still found. Butastillmore serious objectionis that thishighratio leads toamarked conflict betweenthe evidence of thepapyri and that of the coins. The sums in copper drachmaementioned inthe papyri of the present volumeand the late Ptolemaic papyri inP. Grenf.

Iand I I , P. Brit. M us.,and P. Par.have this characteristic incommonthat they

aremultiples of 5 ,and 5 copper drachmae is the lowest sumfoundanywhereas an individual payment. There are some ex ceptions to this rule in thepublished tex ts of the Leyden(as inthe A cademy ed itionof the Paris)papyri ;but the readings of figures in the Leyden papyri , of whichthere are nofacsimiles

,are nomore trustworthy than those of the Paris editors

,whosemistakes cantoalarge ex tent be corrected fromthe facsimiles (e. g. inP. Par.

13. 27 for ay, se. bpaxpéiv, should be read fps). The rule alsoholds good in

the vastmajority of the Ptolemaic ostracapublished by Wilcken,and the fewex ceptionsare probablymoreapparent thanreal ‘

.

Ex ceptionsare found in0st. 11. nos. 135 1, 13 4, 1504,and 1507,aseries of receipts issued bythe same banker inthe 27thyear of Philometor or ‘

uergetes I I . Inthe first three the sameamount,867 drachmae, occurs inthe body of the receipt,and in the fourth10434 drachmae, payment ineachcase beingmade in( xau bs)of M ay!) (onwhi chsee p . But inthe banker’

s signatureappendedto these receipts,as frequentlyhappens inthe ostraca,aslightlyhigher sumismentioned ( 1000 drachmae intwoof the first three cases ; inthe third the figure is lost ; inthe fourthit is 2 talents). This phenomenonofamentionof two sums, of whichthe second isalwayshigher than the first, is ex plained byWilcken I . pp.

126)onthe suppositionthat the smaller sumisaninstalment, whi le the larger is the

total received by the her for themonthor year. This viewhowever does notaccount for the circumstance that withthe single ex ceptionof no. 15 18 , where 235 drachmae occur in the body of the receiptand 600, i f the read ing is correct , inthe subscription, thehigher sumis nevermore than 21 per cent.higher thanthe lower,and that inthe case of particular tax esanearly uniformrelationbetweenthehigherand lower figure is found. Thus inthe receipts for dr 6pocpa(omitting no. 15 18) thehigher sumis largerthan the lower by 10-5 per cent. on the latter (no. (n

‘

o. 35 2, dr épocpaand imporiprov),(no. (no. 1234, 61 6mmand impmfprov), 10 (no. (no. no. 35 5 ,

inwhchthe percentage is probably belongs to the reignof Augustus. For the "flip"; «wow thepercentagesare 1 5 lr-

9 (no 15 -5 (no 19-4 (m w t (m 20-5 (no

(no. or the tax M p t opew é'

rv theyare 15 -2 (nos. 135 1and 1354,and obably 1504,0 .mp ), 15 (no. 16 8 (no. 15 5 (no. The comparative uniformit o the di fferencebetweenthehigherand lower figures suggestsanother ex planation, that inthesehigher gatesare included

Q q

594 TEB TUNIS PAPYR I

The evidence ofall, or pract icallyall, late Ptolemaic papyriand ostracashows that acoinworth5 copper drachmais requ ired, but that no smallerdenomination is necessary ,and it is very difficult to believe thatany largenumber of coins worthless than 5 drachmae couldhave beenincirculationwithout leavingmore traces in records ofactual payments. Yet ifacopperdrachmaweighedapprox imately the sameasasilver drachma, sinceabouthalfthe ex tant Ptolemaic copper coins weighless than 5 silver drachmae,andtherefore ought to be worthless than 5 drachmae, the smallest being less than1 silver drachmainweight, the result is thatall these coinsare unaccountedfor inthe papyri of the later period. The argumentapplies equally to thecopper coins of the earlier period, when they were regarded notas copper

drachmae butas fractions of the silver drachma. Witharatio of only 120 l

or 150 : 1 betweencopperand silver inthe third century B c .,it is necessary

toadmit the ex istence of various small coins withvalues descending fromaboutobol downtoabout 315 obol (cf. R ev. Laws, pp. 225 , 334) and if the supposed

ratio of 375 : 1 were ex tended fromthe second century to the third, eventhe largest copper coins, those weighing over 100 grammes , would be worth16 8than i obol,and there wou ld be coins worthless than5 51, obol. This conelusionismanifestly absurd , even if it did not stand inflagrant contradictionto the evidence of third century D.C. papyri , whichmentionno sumlower thanI chalcus or g obol. I t follows therefore thatany ratioashighas 375 11 isaltogether out of the questionfor the third century ; and if it isaccepted forthe secondand first centuries, the result isan irreconcilable divergence betweenthe evidence of the papyriand that of the copper coins whichisall them0“unsatisfactory, because withregard to the silver coins the numismatical evidttflceconcerning the importance of the staterand the rarity ofany smaller denominations of silver coins is in completeaccord withthe statements of thebothinthe earlierand later periods.

There seems to us only one way out of the diffi culty ,and this is boldlyto deny the view that the weight of acopper drachmawas approx imatelythe sameas the weight ofasilver drachma,and to look foranother solutionmore inaccordance withthe numismatic evidence. If the we ight ofaOOPPC‘drachmawas quite different fromthat ofasilver drachmait is obvious thatWecannot deduce the relative value of silverand copperasmetals fromour knowthe (“Airy-6

.

andmiscellaneous charges uponthe lower (cf. rd “06m added to the pt ymt’ ‘9‘

1 1160-um1nnos. 2, 35 1,and 1232,and the charges formraydrycov, ram)mmml«mmW “

P. Par. 62. v. 17 Thehigher figures will thenrepresent what was actually paid into the bank.the lower what was credited to the tax -collector by the bankafter deducting the various ex trachi ll”,

and the ex istence of sums whicharenotmultiples of 5 inthe body of the receipts wi llnot prove the“Wof coins worthless than5 drachmae.

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596 TE B TUN I S PAPYR I

ratios inthe reigns immediately precedingand following tohave beenabout375 1 to 500 : 1

,weat lengthknow within certain limits the ratio of silver

and copperat the close of the Ptolemaic period. Taking thehighest weightof the 80 drachmae coins and aratio of 375 : 1 between silver and copper

drachmae, the ratio is nearly 26 to 1 ; .taking the lowest weight ( 15 8 )it isabout1 . A tan ex change ratio of 500 1

,the respective ratios of silver and

copper whichresultareapprox imately 35 : 1 and Starting fromthesepremises it is butavery short step to suppose that inthe period fromSoter I Ito N eos Dionysus the copper coins whichweighthe sameas the 80- drachmaep ieces of CleopatraV I I werealsoworth80 drachmae ;and if that be granted,then the ex change ratios varying from to found betweensilverand copper drachmae will result inthe same ratios between silverand copper

as those whichwereascribed to the reignof CleopatraV I I . The correctness

of this view is confirmed by the general presumption,infavour ofaratio of

silverand copperapprox imating to 30 : 1 , whichresulted fromour comparisonof the evidence of the papyri and the copper coins

,and it seems to offer as

satisfactoryasolutionof the ratioof silverand copper fromthe reignof Soter I Ionwardsas canbehoped for ; while withregard to the reigns of E piphanes ,Philometor,and E uergetes I I the evidence of the papyri , so faras it goes, pointstoaslightlyhigher ratio in favour of silver. That the unit adopted as thestandard of the copper coinage was so small that onlymultiples of it couldbe coined findsaparallel in the copper coinage of the Byzantine emperors ;and this imaginary unit was calledacopper drachmaprobably because drachmahad come tomeanthe unit coin. S imilarly the Romans oftenspoke of thechief gold coin (qu ite wrongly)as the denar z'asaurmr, because the drumargentmwas the chief silver coin; cf. the use of follis for the unit of whichmany went tomake up the real bag.

’

Onthe basis of R egling’

s identificationof the coins weighing 15 -8- 20and—10 gs. with80and 40 drachmae pieces wemayalso suggest the following

provisional classificationof some other copper coins regarded asmultiples orfractions of them(cf. Poole, Coins qf tke Ptolemies, p. x cli). Thus below the 40drachmap iece of 7-8—10-1 grammes there are coins weighing approx imatelyfig} , 3, iand 3 of it, whichmight represent 30, 20, 15 , 10and 5 copper drachmae,andabove the 80~ drachmapiece of l 5 o8- 20 gs.are coins weighing 20 - 24, 3 1

-

36,and 40- 48 gs. whichmight be p ieces of 100, 150,and 200 drachmae

,withstill

larger coins ex tending up to theheavy copper coins of Philadelphus of 100

grammes, whichwere probably worthat least 400 copper drachmae. Of course

these suggestionsare very tentative, for until the weights of afar greaternumber of Ptolemaic coinshave been published any discussion of normal

APPENDIX 11. 4 597

weights is premature. But it is worthpointing out that onthe view of thecopper drachmaproposed by Kegling it ismucheasier to classify the coinssoas to bring themintoharmony withthe papyri than it was whenthe copperdrachmawas supposed to weighapprox imately the sameasasilver drachma,for weare now no longer troubled withalarge number of copper coins worthless than5 drachmae.

One of the effects of the adoptionof this theory of copper drachmaeashaving no relation to the weight ofadrachmais that the debens, kites, &c .,

found inthe demotic documents of the late Ptolemaic period, if the prevailingtheory of their equ ivalence in copper drachmae is correct,mustalsohave norelationto the weightsassoc iated withthose names inthe period of the silverstandard. Thishowever is amatter of littlemoment, for if there were copper

talentsand drachmae whichweighed nothing likeatalent oradrachmathere isno reasonwhy the demotic equ ivalents for the Greek names of coins should notfollow suit.Our conclusiontherefore withregard to the ratio of silverand copper from

the reignof Soter I I to that of A ugustus is that it fellwithinthe limits of 204} 1

and To determine itmore closely is difficult, but it should be noticedthat if thehigher weights of the 80and 40 drachmae pieces ex press,as ismostprobable, the normmore exactly thanthe lower, the ratiowould not fall below25 1 evenwhenthe rate of ex change wasas lowas 375 copper drachmae for1 silver. Can nothing be done to reduce the variation still further ? To

accomplishthis it is necessary to openthe questionwhether inofli cial businessthere was anything approachingafix ed rate of ex change. In private transactions it is qu ite clear that there was not, thoughhow far the variationsdepend uponactual changes in themarket value of silverand cOpper,how farupondifl

'

erences infineness or weight of individual tetradrachms, or onotherconsiderations, it is impossible to dec ide. One possible factor inthe variations,the fluctuationinthe weights of the copper coins,may we think be ex cluded ,for the fact that p ieces vary ing inweight from15 -8- 20 grammes wereallworth80 drachmae indicates that the differences inweight betweenspec imens of thesame denominationwere not taken intoaccount. But putting private transactions onone side, is it probable that the offic ial rate of ex change was equallyunstable ? Unless we canshow reasonable ground for believing inthe ex istenceofamore or less permanent official rate eveninthe later period, the current viewof the regulations governing the payments of tax es insilver or copperand ofthe technical terms xahx ds ladvoposand xaos or? dMa‘yrjmust be profoundlymodified .

598 15 3 7 11s PAPYR I

5 . Tlze ofia’al rate of ex change.

Throughout the Ptolemaic period themoney payments to the governmentare classified under twoheads, apes dpwptovand was xahx dv (cf. Rev. Laws,pp . 195

- 200,and P. Par. 62. v. 16 and whencopper was paid instead ofsilver, it was, onbeing converted into themore valuablemetal, subject toan&AAayvj , or discount, of about 10 per cent. Unfortunatelyall the evidenceregarding this dhhayrj in the later period is ex pressed inobols, not copper

drachmae,and to obtainany clear ideaof what obolsmeant in the second

century it is necessary to go back to the period of the silver standard. Con

sidering the use of the termobol inthat period for the typ ical copper coinasOpposed to the stater, whichwas the typical silver one (cf. R ev. Laws, p.

itmay , we think, be takenfor granted that the obol is represented somewhere inthe list of copper coins ;and unless the weights of these werearranged onnosystemat all, itmusthave connoted throughout the period of the silverstandardamore or less definiteamount of cOpper. A ccording to the systemsproposed by R evillout, Poole,and Grenfell the obolwas placedat the top orhighup in the scale of piecesarranged according toweight ; but since thoseproposed classifications of the early copper coins rested upontheassmtllpfit’llthat the ratioof silver to copper inthe early period was the sameas that inthelater,and the ratio inthe later period was determined byawrong theoryof theex change value ofacopper drachma, the questionof the approx imateweightof the obolmust be consideredafresh. Seeing that the ratio of si lver tocopperinthe later period whenthe tetradrachms were not pure s ilver was not far 0530 1 , it is diffi cult tobelieve thatalower ratio (20 I )ex isted whentheywereof finemetal. 30 1 is already so lowaratio that it is unsatisfactory topostulate one still lower. Onthe otherhand, ifamuchhigher rate than3°Nbe supposed for the early period , the fallmust beasc ribed not toadecline inthemarket value of silver (the value of that commodity probably tended t°appreciate all throughthe Ptolemaic period), but to the debaser'nent Of thesilver coinage or toadiminution in the weight of the copper coins 0“

the whole it ismore likely that the governments whichissued debased ( 10mgtinsisted on its being accepted as puremetal, and demanded in its steadasmuchcopperas their predecessors had requ ired when the tetrach'ilChmwere pure. There are also other reasons, suchas the uniformity of ih‘& Mayé inthe earlierand later periodsand theabsence ofanymarked 31W“

tioninthe weights of the copper coinsafter the change fromasilver toaCOP?“standard, for thinking that the ratiobetweenthe twometalsas ex pressed inthecoins wasmuchthe same inthe third century B.C.and inthe later period. 0“

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600 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

contrasted withthe silver stater was sometimes the obol, sometimes the copper

drachma, or evenhow the older copper coins couldhave continued incirculationatall without producing themost inex tricable confusion. But thoughthenumber of copper drachmae inasecond century B. C. obol (whichwemay callx)must, so faras we cansee, be fix ed

,and 24 x toatetradrachmex presses the

rate of ex change implied by xaAsog lao’vopos, to determinea: is adifficultproblemwhichonlyaconversionof copper drachmae xahxoii 1000611011 intosilverdrachmae is likely to solve completely. Onthe onehand several considerationspoint to x being 75 , for inour discussionof the weight ofanobolwe came tothe conclusionthat it probably representedabout the sameamount of copperasthe 8o- drachmae piece of CleopatraVI I and the ratioof 450 1 betweencopperdrachmae ofmu d; lodvopos and silver, whichresults frommakinganobolequivalent to 75 drachmae, would perfectly well suit the solitary instance inthepresent volume ofaconversionof copper drachmae into silver inanofficialpayment (86 . The rate there found, 500 1 , is obviouslyhigh,and thementionofasilver priceatall indicates that the revenue in questionbelongedto the ”pas &p-yriptov category , inwhichcoppermoney wasatadiscount. Sincethere is nomentionofan (lunar) in the subsidiary payments for transport&C.,it is reasonable to conclude that it was taken into consideration inthe rate ofconversion, i. e that 500 1meansarate ofmore than24 obols forastater. Ifthe rate was 450 1 when 24 obols were equ ivalent toastater, 500 : 1meansarate of 263 obols,and this would be inharmony withthe known instances ofthe discount uponcopper paid instead of silver, whichvaries between2and3 obols onthe stater. M oreover thehypothesis that x 75 gains some supportfromthe conversions of copper into silver drachmaeat 450 1 in the paymentsof the Gynl

xhtov, or tax of 10 per cent. uponsales, inthe Romanperiod (cf.p. 588)Wilcken p. 72 1)isalmost certainly right inregarding Xmas ‘l

’

pds‘ 6117t

as equ ivalent to xabr 017 &Mayrj , butapapyrus (P. Ox y . I . 99)onwhichhelargely relies (0st. I . p. 736)shows that the dAAayrj (or emsémmas it is therecalled)is not included inthe total of the drachmaeapds &pytiptov, but is something d istinct ; and since in the numerous receipts for éyxdrdttov inthe laterPtolemaic period the &Mayrj uponthe Xmas 017 d Mayvi does notaffect the sumof copper drachmaeactually paid and seems tohave beenan impost uponthebank, not uponthe tax -

payer, the &Mayri is, we think, equally left out ofaccountintheanalogous receipts inthe Romanperiod for éyni xhtov inwhichthe rate Ofex change is 450 1 . In that case 450 copper drachmae to 1 s ilver representedinthe Romanperiod the rate corresponding to 24 obols forastater inthe latePtolemaic period ;and considering the general similarity of boththose periOdSwithregard to the rate of ex change, this is something of anargument

,

for

APPENDIX 11. 5 5 601.

making 450 1 the equivalent of 24 obols toastater inthe late Ptolemaicperiod also. Onthe otherhand , starting fromdifl'

erent premises there ismuchtobe said infavour of equating the obol to 80 copper drachmae. For if it be

admitted that the obol inthe second century B. C. representsadefiniteamountof copper, the chalcus whichwas 3 of italso representedadefiniteamount ;andsince definiteamounts of cOpperare generally ex pressed in copper drachmaeand theseare divisible by 5 (cf. p . if the number of copper drachmae inachalcus was divisible by 5 the number of copper drachmae inanobol wasdivisible by 40. Inother words the obol 402

' copper drachmae (x beinganinteger). The equation implied by xax xos laduopos 1

,stater 24 obols then

becomes 1 stater copper drachmae.’ Themax imumnumber of copperdrachmae inastater is 2500 (P. Petrie I I . 39 (d) cf. p. theminimumis1500 Hencea: lies between and 11

°F ;and since x isan integer itmust be 2, inwhichcase the obol 80 copper drachmae. M oreover if the

ex istence of coins worth80and 40 copper drachmae beaccepted , it is improbable that these numbers wouldhave beenchosenif the normal official value ofthe typical copper coin, the obol,had beene. g. 75 drachmae. But if 24 obols

1 stater 1s equivalent to saying 1920 (or 1800)copper drachmae 1 stater,’it is very difficult toaccount forall the stators whichonthis view were worthless than1920 copper drachmae or 24 obols. If toavoid this difli cultyalowerratio, suchas 375 copper drachmae to 1 silver, isadoptedas the equivalent of 24obols to 1 stater,and anobol ismade to represent 6ai copper drachmae, theratio of 500 I will be equivalent toarate of 32 obols forastater, whichseemsmuchtoohigh, judged by the knowninstances of the M ap). Whatevernumber of copper drachmae be takento representanobol inthe second centuryB.c., difficulties undoubtedly arise inconnex ionwithxahxor ladvopos ; but weprefer nevertheless toadhere tothe old ex planationof it for if that isabandonedand xads iodvopos (whichmust imply some kind of permanent standard)didnotalwaysmean 24 obols forastater but sometimes 26 obols or 264} obols,or whatever the number fix ed by the government fromtime to time or place toplacemight be, theadvantages whichwould be gained inconnex ionwiththegreat variation inthe number of copper drachmae seemto be outweighed bythehopeless difficulties thatarise inthe interpretationof P. Par. 62. v. 16- 21

and P. Zois. 1 . 33, whichonthe old theory of Xmas lmivoptosas equ ivalent to00pperat 24 obols forastaterare capable ofaperfectly satisfactory ex planation.

Our conclusion therefore withregard to xahxos lodvopor is that, granted

thatanobolmeansmuchthe sameamount of copper inboththe third centuryB. C.and inthe later period, the general theory is inthemainsound, thoughthe particular ratio betweensilverand copper drachmae implied by it is not

605 TEB TUN IS PAPYR I

120 1, but some ratio three to four timesashigh, whichowing to the lack of

direct evidence cannot be determined withcertainty . Xmas lodvopos does, wethink, implyadefinite official rateofex change inthe laterPtolemaic period,thoughit was very far fromuniformly regulating private transactions involving conver

sions of silver into copper. Owing to the doubtattaching to the figurewhichrepresents thenormal ex change ratioof silverand copper drachmae the resultingratio of silverand copper canonly be determined withinapprox imate limits,whichare still furtherwidened by thefluctuations inthe weight of the coins,butofwhichthemean is about 30 : 1 . Greater definiteness can only be obtainedthroughan increase in the evidence, first onthe side of the copper coins bythe collection of fuller statistics concerning their weights, secondly on

the side of the papyri by the publication of the newmaterial waiting tobe examined and— what is one of themost pressing needs inpapyrologyby arevisionof the tex ts of the older publications, especially the ParisandLeydenpapyri .

6. Summary .

We conclude witharecapitulationof the chief propositions whichthepresent essay is concerned to establish

( 1) The theory that inthe laterPtolemaic period the ratioofvalueofasilvertoacopper drachmawas 1 20 1 rests onnofoundationwhatever. Theargumentsby whichthat viewhasat different t imes beensupported are either false orinconclusive,and the theory is indirec t contradictionwiththe new evidenttof the Tebtunis papyri .

(2)The theories ofaratiovarying from1 20 : 1 to 150 : 1 between00dand silver whichwere based uponthe supposed ratio of 120 1 beweenasilverand copper drachmaare equally groundless.

(3) Inthe reigns of Soter I I , Ptolemy A lexander,and N eos Dionysus theratioof value betweenasilverandacopper drachmavaried , so faras we know,from5co z 1 to 375 : 1 .

(4) Seeing that similar ratios ex isted in the Romanperiod, itmayhttakenfor granted that theyalsoprevailed inthe reignof CleopatraVI I.

(5) So faras the evidence for the earlier part of the second century B.C

goes, it is improbable that there wasanymaterial d ifl'erence betweenthe ratioinitand inthe period fromSoter I I onwards, thoughthe ex tant examples $110wslightlyhigher ratios (5 121) 1 — 625 : 1)thanthose found inthe later period

(6) Considering the importance of the copper coinage inPtolemaic Egyptit is areasonable assumption that the weights of the copper coins, inSpiteof their fluctuations,more or less consistently correspond todifl

'

erences ofvalue ;

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I N D I C E S

I . N EW LITERARY FRAGM ENTS.

’A‘

ya;uimv 1. 4 ; 2 (a). verso1. 14.

370m: 1. 4 2 (a).versoi. 13.

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M ir 1. 1 2 ; 2 (a). versoi. 1 .

Q M 3. 7 , 24.

M o: 2 (d). verso1 1.avoi d “: 8 . 9.

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«Race 1. 5 ; 2flag. rectoz .

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«M u-rml . 14 ; 2 (a). versoi . 4.

6mm1. 14 ; 2 (a). versoi. 3.

drip 8 . 24.

6, rec/o3, z .

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a 2 (d). verso13.

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dorms}: l . 1 1 2 (e). verso5 .

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50mm1. 3 2 (a). versoi.1 2 .

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mm. 1. 3 ; 2 (a). verso i.1 2 .

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8mm1. 4 ; 2 (a). versoi. 12.b red 8 . 3.

fm’hkav 1. I 7.

2 (a). verso11. 7 .

Bapvqx v'nl . 10 ; 2 (a). redo8,(e). verso4.

5160 1160 (flasher)l . 3 3 2 (a).verso1. 1 2 .

301107 516511 1. 8 ; 2 (a). redo 4,(o). rec/o2.

(a). versoi. 15 , 16.

M 1. 5 ; 2 (a). recto1 .

dw vfim3 0 290

2 (d). verso 17.

d v 1. 1 2 (a). versoi. 9.apios 1. 5 2 (a). recto 1 .

8611100111 2 (a). versoii . 1 1.Ow e

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380: 3. 10.

( Inches 8 . 1 1 .

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11. 10.

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1. 13 2 (a).versoi. 2.

£116: 1. s ; 2 (a). versoi. 10.

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6amI . 10 ; 2 (a). recto8.oaim1. z , 13 ; 2 (a). W”

i. z , 10.

“ms L 10 ;

I . NEW LI TE RA R Y FRAGMENTS

110011586111 2 (3)mal e?! 2 (d).leads 8 . 25 .mmyn'nml . 18 ; 2 (d). verso

14.

xaramiew l . 16, 18 ; 2 (a).rain»4 . 184,margin.

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thinw 8 . 4.

1016 11 1. 5 2 (a). reelo z .

nayltml . 13, 14 ; 2 (a). verso1. z , 4.

top ifew l . 2 ; 2 (a). versol. 10.

1161's: 8 . 4.

1. 18.

xpou'mvmph2

unipws 2

Adxaeva8 . 30.halal) l . 8 ; 2 (a). rec/o5 .

Nikos 1. 9 ; 2 (a). red o6.

kamrév l . 1 2 (a). verso1. 3.

Aq ope'

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xoc 1. z ; 2 (a). versoi. 10.

Marian-

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M xos l . 3 ; 2 (a). versoi . 1 3 .

pm'nodae 2 (d). verso 14.

plyas 2 (d). verso 1 5 , 20.

l . 1 5 ; 2 (a). verso i .5 , (d). verso20.mm. 1. 10 2 (a). redo7 ,

recto4, (c). verso3.

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peed 2 (J). verso1 2.

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8 . 6.

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611-mp 8 . 24.

dpfiv (weir)8 . 6.

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l . 18.an 1. 1 2 (a). versoi. 8.

87 1 l . 1 2 ; 2 (a). verso i . 1 .

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2 (a). versoii . 3, 5 .

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xak fpfiokos 2 (a). verso i. 9.

x émw l. I 2 (a). versoi. 8.

xpmfis 8 . 6.

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INDICES

1 1117911161 5 . 2 1 2. 106 . 7 . Max . 13: 3111701451 104. 36 ; 105.

5 3°

11paa.1aw M r. 24 . 80 31 (a). 106, M 6421: 72. 462

230 ; 32. 25 2 ; 38 . 188 ; 72. 164, 196. Mm24 67 ; 33 13'

Hpaxheovrokc’ms (vows)24 . 34 ; 161. 9. mph-0M : 24 . 25 ; 92. 5 .

eep iarov pepis 24 . 86.wands 24 . 2, 20 ; 28 . 3, 5 , 6 ; 48. 6 ; 58. 42;

9 1000161 187 .81 (a). 32 ; 86 . 78 92. 5 .

32. 43 ; 38 . 42 ; 7 9 . 69.

6 1180101 5 8 . 10 31 (o). 318 3 8 . 90 ; 72.

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322 ; 89

911610; 8 . 8.

“0080302 88 . 18,29.

Ko(pio i'

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Kola-st u ds 88 . 1 2 ; 125 .

Kpés 82. 9, 1 7 .

Kpoxowmv 116111 24 . 26 ; 43 . 1 7 ; 8 3 introd.

118 . 13.

1

115080: 8 . 8 .

Annie 8 . 16, 30.

‘

Papaias 88 . 3.

111111186 11 80. 1 1, 16 ; 81. 1 1 , 16 ; 82. 18 ; 31 26pm7 9. 27 .

(e). 79 ; 7 9 . 1 , 29 ; 99 . 45 ; 105 . 1 , 1 1 , 5 2 ; 2168111“ 7 9 . 7 .

(e)VILLAGES.

°Av5popax is 24 . 88 79 ; 7 2. 79 ; 7 41- 39 ; 7 5 . 58 ;

)123 . 16. introd.,

103 . 2 ; laa; l8’i ;“minnow s 06112 112. 4 1 , l40 ; 15 1 ; 18 6 ; 222.

"Apems 116111) 81 (a). 1 16

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M eans 140.

'Ifie

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¢w Elxoamcmpo6pov 61 3341

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p f dpx ov 34 92 62 6 ! 63. 295 ; 8 8 5 3.'

Apa1v617 24 . 87 . (a). 27 ; 84 . 70, 194 ; so. 145 ;113

91 ; 30, 78 ;Bepemtls OeaW pov 187 . [Bu-win): 120 27°

365 ; 92 introd. ; 15 2.

3 1711111111 17 . 4 ; 89. 7 1 ;118 . 3 1 ; 194 ; 229 .

Aerator)naos 24 . 92.

‘

Eppoii M es 24 . 89.

eeoym's 17 . 5 ; 5 4 . 6 ; 31 (o). 167 ;

[ lav mil es 5 . 138 , 1 54.aways» 99 introd.

He'

pans 30. 16 ; 7 9. 1 1 , 23. llc'

paqs 1131 211170116: 104 . 1 , 10, 37 ; 105 . 1, 1 1, 54; 100.

1 , 8 ; 109. 2 , 1 1 ; 110. 2 ; 153. 1119081

104 . 2, 10.

noxe'pmmpepc’s ll . 2 ; 13 . 1 ; 14. 2 ; 24. 91;

29 . 3 ; 30. 1 7 , 24 ; 31. 1 2, 17 ;85 . 1 ; 38 . 1 ; 40. 6 ;14 ; 31 1

, 25 , 1 2 7 ; 33 . 7 ; 104. 3;

105 1 9 ; 109. 10 ;

c x eflofipcs 120. 23, 70 ; 140.

c x cooipw 9 . 2 ; 10. 2 ; 13

81. 1 2, 1 7 ; 82. 19 ; 38 . 1 ; 89. 1 ; 40-5 5

1 ; 50. 1 ; 5 1. 2 ; 5 2. 2 ;

V. OFFICIALS

7 4 . 2, 3 1 ; 7 5 . 3, 15 ; 7 3 . 1 , 6 ; 7 7 . 2 ;7 8 . 2 ; 84 . 2

,200 ; 8 5 . 3 ; 89 . 2 ;

92. 1 ; 101. 5 ; 105 . 1 , 10 ; 103 .

8 ; 109 . 9 ; 110. 7 ; 111. 7 ; 120. 28, 5 6,80 ; 123 . 1 1 ; 133 ; 18 8 ; 141 ; 15 3 ; 15 9 ;134 ; 137 17 4 ; 233 ; 25 4 .

Kepreaifi us 38 . 13 ; 5 8 . 2.

Mayais 24 . 88.

Mayo-“

11a80. 1 ; 8 1. 13 note, 26 ; 82. 1 .

116143142 24 . 93.

Nappoiioes 26 . 19.

N ikon06h: 24 . 84.

Drohepais Eécpye'fls 14 . 14 20. 1 2 8 8 . 3 ;106 . 1 , 6. E 1

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zep'

ye'

rov r'

) p in-M oi “1013

ropoii 02. 4. D'r-oh. E t'npye'rov 160.

Tammi 182.

609

Tal i 31 74 . 39 ; 7 5 . 58 ; 83 introd. ; 92 introd. ; 121. 24, 5 1 ; 123 . 4 ;15 1 ; 18 7 . 90. 35 ,andnote ; 108introd.

,1 22.

Trims 24 . 83.

1 131—61 11 42. 4 ; 5 5 . 3 ; 5 9 . 1 , 14 (Tom-6m);31 (a). 5 4, 59, 62 ; 32. 16 1 , 17 1 , 1 75 ; 38 .

136, 143, 145 ; 34 (a). 132, 137 , 142,1 5 ; 7 2. 26 1 ; 98 . 70 ; 102. 2 ; 114 . 10 ;115 . 32 ; 113 . 39, 43 ; 117 . 32, 50 ; 121.

67 ; 138 ; 208 ; 230. Tefiw vims 120. 1 7,2 1

, 56 . Tcfiw vl'

fls 101.

Twapwevfiacs 24 . 8 1 .

‘Pcvfipts 24 . 82 70. 4.

(e)M ISCELLAN EOUS.“071111 1601 61641115 E t

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ye'

rou 164 .

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y. 6161pvf,8 3 . 2 e! saep . 15 0.

M oipes (Beépvf)02. 6.

aeptxoipamB 32. 40 et saep . 94 . 1

,note ; 93 . 24.

y 94 . 1 , note.

8 62. 85 , 108, 198, 229, 27 2, 28 1 ; 84 .

66 8 7 . 66 ; 93 . 38,marg. 94 . 1 .

e 8 7 . 67 .

Boppc‘

i 85 . 1 2 .

eqdorov 13 . 7, 1 2 ; 32. 35 , 92 , 1 19, 1 20,132 , 15 3 ; 84 . 140 ; 98 . 38,marg. ;15 2.

6 10701 2211, 16 111ml (acpi)9 . 1160 11. 61

167 ; 7 2. 79 ; 7 4 . 39 : 7 5 . 58 .

Kepx eoiipts 611171161 011 00. 26 15 1. Kept . 711661

94 . 1 . Kepx . 93 . 39,marg.

Kocpc 62 79. 89. 95 . 297. 299 : 84 .

203 ; 94 . 1,19 ; 93 . 8 e! saep.

)32. 54, 64, 72, 76, 1 28, 2 1 1 , 2 13,242 ; 94 . 1 , note.

111021710600 267 00 85 . 4.

Tfleprjoms 7 2. 82 cf. 31°1°wopo( )30. 43 ; 32. 101 ; 187 ; 25 5 .

Holépowos x fipa84 . 188, 195 .

1101 01161 , {16701a. 25 . 22 ; 92. 3.

(d)DEM E S.

Eéepyfaeos 90. 58. 21311101 98 . 5 5 .

V. OFFICIALS .

a’véxpcats, 6 trpésmis dmxpiaeat 80. 1 , 3.

dru ypadm'a, 01“pinrai's dncyp. 5 . 85 .

dpx e'

cpofios 80 1111100.

cipx qu ix cpos 112. 86 ; 120. 128.dpx eamparo¢6lta£ 7 9. 5 2.opx upvkoxmc'o 27 . 2 1 , 39, 68 ; 121. 3. based

610

7 0113 16m6 r ip 6px 14> vk 138 . 16

111116 n)v e’maraf eiavml dpx 1¢vhq l

'

fl'

pws

48 . 9, 1 2 . 6 11p69 15 011101107119mi dpx upvk ,

6 16601 01 27 29.

6px 1¢vkax ims 5 . 142 , 1 59 ; 0. 14 ; 38 1 7 ;15 0; 17 9. Kpdmos 41 . 1 N urcinop 40. 6 .

311101 61 91ml dpx 1¢vltax ims, Hpax kcibqs 230.

&pxomix oos 72. 447 .

300 1111161 ypappaflés 5 . 88 , 130 ; 6 . 1 5 27 .

65 ; 31 (a).23, 36 , 40, 2 18 ; 34 (a). 86 ; 7 2 . 146,

197 , 465 ; 7 9 . 90 ; 81 introd. ; 112. 28,

85 , 89, 1 16 ; 116 . 5 7 ; 121 introd .

'

000

pofipw (B.C. 1 70- 169) 196 ; 7 2.

1 13. u roxepo‘

ios (c. B .C. 149- 8) 99 . 7 ,

28 , 39. 3100 17111667 1 ( i) (B.C 1 19) 10.

1 .

’A11¢m61 (B.C. 3, 4, 6 ; (B. C.

1 1 7) 40. 2 ; 43. 2 1 . 312 012611202, sonof Posidonius (B. C. 1 14) 80. 2 , 6,

10, 19 ; 1 14—3) 289 .

'0poc (B.C.

1 14-

3 to c . D.C. 109)14 . 1 ; 15 . 1,20 ;

13 . 1 ; 23 . 1 , 1 1 ; 27 . 2, 1 1 , 2 7 , 85 , 91 ;31. 2 , 6, 10 ; 83 . 1 ; 88 . 1 , 28 ; 7 5 . 20,

32 ; 142 ; 15 7 ; 237 ; 230.

30011600171, 6 napd r?” B. 83 . 25 ; 210.

3131104161115 112 introd.

wmpm0¢vkax id 27 4, 13, 48 . mpeirow(pvham'a27 38.

yempa-rmpéltaf 15 0 188 .

yewpsrpia, npox tx csptapéms fi rl160 24 . 42 .

ycmp c'rpqs 5 8 . 10 .

ypappania, olapri s fai r yp . 30. 1 8 ; 81. 18 .

ypopponés 8 . 10 ; 80. 8 , 1 1 , 2 2 ; 31 (a). 1 10,38 ; 34 1 1 ; 7 2. 25 1 , 292 , 468 ;

7 9 . 91 ; 112. 1 2 , 38 , 104 ;

3001111161 yp. See 300 1211161.

7 p.wasp-762 236 268 .

7p. pox ipov 32. 25 6 33 . 192 .

7p.mmi xav ism-60 11. See 31110 161 171.

7p.haysw é‘

w07 introd.

yp.maypappafl'ms112. 103, 1 2 1 113 . 9.

611121161 25 1. 6111. 33071011116 7 27 31 .

6104103113 116610110300: 7 2. 296. Hrohepaios 7 2. 444. Cf.

61011117162.

I NDICE S

48 . 9, 1 2 .

3111016q (1161199) 85 . 2,1 5 ; 88 . 16. 3109

'

apxos (ofKerkeosirisand Theogoni5)183oAwu

'

npws 40. 14. 15 . 17 ; 18

1 ; 18 . 1 ; 19 . 1 ; 20.- l.

13 ; 39 . 5 ; 43 . 4 ; 5 2. 1 . [hippos 120611101 .ml eipp tfinham’ms, ‘

Hpu lteifim330611101 . lrpéiv. See Index VII . (e).311101 .ml ypappaflt

'

ls 16 11mi“ ?

32. 1 5 , 2 1 ;222.

23 1 , 232 ; 7 2. 153, 167, 168.0407

1101 ypappard s 124 . 38.

32 101 . 162 31602 11a90. 36.

81011111012, {mama-7116 101 173810111. 7 . 3.

8101111162 5 . 2 7 ; 10. 1 ; 63 . 46 ; 31 (a). 25,(6) 19. 39 ; 64 (d) 8.(b). 9 ; 68 7 1 ; 72

37. 459.462 ; 74.

7 6 . 1 7 , 19, 25 ; 8 9. 7 ; 99. 37 ; 16'l ;

17 8 . M m7 611 11111 0 11 1101 810111. (c. B.C.

149—8) 7 9 . 5 6.

’

At'

B¢oc (B.C. 124-

3)31 4, 23, 224, 28 1 72. 156. Brok

paias (1) (c. D.C. 1 18)124 . 20. 21min:0117 70102 1101 810111. (B.C. 1 14)7 . 7 ; 26. 5 ;

(B.C. 1 14—3)7 2. 241 , 264 ;

3, I I , 35 , 91 ; (c . B.C. 1 1 2)35 . 20; (nudated)38 . 8 ; 287 . Cf. 8101117002.

8101107211162 24 . 6 1 64 (a). 5 5 .

110017 11662 17 9. 21007 . 3001111106 7110110012112

112. 28.

1300707 262 29 . 1 .

311107 107 172, 131017110102 (C. B.C. 1 23)72. 449145 2 ; 124 . 19.

311802 1201822, 31110 7 6q 7 8 11 3118. 0018. 99. 36.

80 101197 26002,mv'mmv (B.C. 153- 2)01 (b).

70, 7 1 72. 48.

—O?)31 5 7 ; 72. 208.

'

A2‘

0M 6u02 (B.C142

- 1 1) 31 (b). 5 1 ; 7 2. 212. Cf.

5111177 62.e’mmhrés 3 . 14 ; 17 . 2 ; 31 22. 453

214 . nrokcpaios (B.C. 15 1 359;

7 2 354 E031“ (D.C. 1 24 31 6)35°

Cf.

311-mania24 . 68 ; 2 ; 189.

816567 1» 201107 8 n)v 30 107 07 61011, 3 2111

“111102 38 . 6. 11.0.0.q

286. 110) ;v 13. 17 ;23 ; 16 . 5 . 8cc 111 111116 5?

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612

11pe0fitfrrep01 214 . 11p¢0561 ¢p01 yempyév 13 . 5

4 ; 5 0. 2 1 123 123 .

upmmx érec 16111 lepév 117100680111 5 . 58 .

11p600801, 6 8111 1 6111 up. 5 . 88 ; 265 ;

64 811£¢iywv 10 110101 1711 ovparqyiav1101 102 up . 72. 2 5 .

¢10111112 ” pom-702 1101 £1111 6 11 0p. (B.C. 133

- 2) 61 46, 362 (611 012 1171611 012 (511012 72. 359. Elpq

10102 orp.ml 301 1631 up. (before B.C. 1

7 2. 242 .

'

A01111)11108172 ( D.C. 1 14) 19 .

(D.C. 1 13) 27 . 1 1, 18, 91 , 94, 98 , 109 ;

1 1 2)88 . 1 , 3 (undated)287 ; 25 416 11 67101111012 01177 211601 1101 £111 1 6111

‘

Epp iac 1 1 4)27 . 18, 2 7 ; 88 . 1 .

11p00680w iepé'

w”poem-171161 12 5 . 5 8.

2171600802 x exmpw pém), 11p00 102 162 x ex wp. 11p.,

1 0 111171116c 34 7 2. 2 59, 275 .

Awm’mos son of Ptolemaeus 30. 1 25 .

117100162, A10m'10 102 sonof P101. 31 1 2 1

7 4 . 43 ; 7 5 . 62 ; 7 7 . 7 . 11po0101 172 152x ex wpnrp. 81. 19. "pom-61 172, A1om'101o2 sonofPtol. 66 . 5 . 101 x exmp. up. 111x 11p11161 12

-7 6 . 3.

07100102. See 1171600802.

upon-01 772 120. 1 2 2 , 1 29. r pm. 1 132 “x en

p10711'

wp2 11po068ov. See 1171600802.

npoxapwfle'

nu 131101013 110111 167101 0: 1 5 11 Kpm'é'w82. 9.

wpox ex u pwp c'

voc 1711 rr)r ycmptrpfav 24 . 42 .

11p0x e1p0°

ypd¢o2 112. 1 16.

1177611 01 (M101. See ¢ 1'

1m.0 11 010710 24 . 63. 01

'

117302 1 012 011 01 . 5 . 85 .

0 11 016y02 18 6 . 3001111102 0 11 01 . 128 . 5 .

00 0107 6111 7 2. 326 ; 8 9 . 1 2 ; 111. 2 ; 15 9 .

0 1p01 17yla, 81656311011 10 11010 mp. 1101 102

11po0680112 7 2. 25 .

0 1 7101 7762 5 . 19, 88, 14 1 , 144, 15 8, 162, 1 78 ,25 5 ; 20 ; 24 . 1 1

, 35 ;1 1 ; 117 . in110d. ; 121. 35 , 60 ; 180 ; 18 8 .

¢ 0v1'

02 mi 31111 6111 117200680111 (3 .C. 133—2)

46, 362 ; 7 2. 3 9. 1111710131102 0117

7 21072 1101 0 1p. (D.C. 1 20 101. 2 . Au00m'02mm): 1101 (c. B .C. 1 19)41. 1 1 , 35 .31110116 11102 0117 7 111172ml 01 p. (B.C. 1 1 8)48 .

33, 44. E lpqva'io: 1101 01p. (beforeD.C. 1 14) 64 01p. mi 3111 1 611

11710068011 7 2. 242 . 111011710102 01177 211172 1101

c rp. 1 14) 18 . 2 ; 15 . 15 ; (undated)28 . 1 42. 1 . “1 10102 0 1177 111172 1101010 1 172

Upmpn]11611012 134 .

INDICES

1 21 07 716101 3111 111107 71111 0 » 5 . 248. 1 11 07 71. 3111

xpeu?» 5 . 144, 1 62 ; 35 . 2 .

1mapx q( 34 (a). 139.

1 01115px 172 [ 1011710 11 30. 6G); 4 8 . 6.

10110px 1'

0 24 . 62.moypappareia24 . 66 ; 25 . 1 5 .

1o1royp0711101 ¢62 26 . I ; 27 . 2,85 ; 7 2. 189,

202 ; 7 9 . 32 ; 112. 8 1, 103, 1 2 1 ; 118 . 9.

’

Ap1'

0r 1mro1~ (P) 82. 1 , 5 . 1 1 1.

new”. 7 9. 1 3, 47 . Mappac 10. 1 , 9; 23 .

1 ; 81. 2 , 6 ; 41. 4, 2 1 , 29; 7 2. 332 ; 7 5 .

20, 33 ; 112. 60,83 ; 149 : 15 4 ; 289 .

'

Ow&¢p12 80. 1 , 2 ; 63 . 1 23.

400 ;

(121101 7 9. 56. 11p6 1 01 4 ; 30. 1 5 ; 81.

1 5 ; 5 4 . 1 ; 362 ; 7 9 . 44.

1511101110 7 11177101 1011 27 . 38.

4511101111 172 5 . 141 , 1 59, 188 ; 3 . 14 ; 22. 9,1 5 ; 60 23 ; 61

329, 343 ; 32. 106,107 ; 1 26 ;

64 (a). 42, 1 25 ; 33. 83, 85 ; 7 8 . 26 ; 81.

auyyevfic 7 . 8 ; 15 . 1 5 ; 3542. 1 ; 4 3. 33 ; 5 0. 1 1 ; 32. 5 8 ; 38 . 5 2

34 (a). 24 ; 3 5 . 20 ; 7 2. 24 1 , 264 ; 8 3 .

introd. ; 99 . 62 ; 101. 2 . 015301 0 16p 311

1 012 0 17 7 2160 1 110105110 11 {111150111

79. 61161 11101 1 032 0 117 7 1 11101 25 4 .

06y11q o2, 0101100113111161 011 33 . 4.mayparoypd¢02 42. 6.

0111101110162 120. 50 ; 191 ; 25 3 .

061 10512, 115102 1b“

0111 10511 7 9 . 88. 115102 15011111051 1 1 6311 1101 01111111

'

Apl01 111002 21.

6 ; 31. 6, I O, 1 5 ; 239 .

'

Eppé¢d 02 (P)62.

39 ; 38 . 39.

‘

Eaf u ‘

iw 83 . 6, 10, 1 5 , 2 2 ,

2 7 . nayx pdrqs 82. 1, 5 , 13 ; 99. 6, 26,

28 Ilrokcpa‘ios 80. 6, 10, 1 5 , 22 , 2 7 .

120. 2 1 (P).611111311 712 ycmpyév 45 . 5 .

1511114151 112 0 11 0067 019 186 .

600mm107p0¢6002, (D.C. 1 23—2)

31 (a). 25 , 263 ; 34 (a). 88.

Mammow fw 5 8 33 ; Wwwm'

rp “3

311 112. 87. (B.C.

123—2)31 34, 2 74.

6001 11 0705101 5 . 145 , 164. faraway“. 15 8101116011 7 . 3.

VI . MILITARY TERMS

8 9.

5 3. 56.64 ; 98 . 47 ; 120. 5 5 (P); 17 9 ; 214 .

41614 5 . 24 ; 234 .

x 21p101 1)2 115 . 2 2 ; 119 . 5 ; 121. 84 ; 138 .

VI .

020C¢0£0111 12 112 1011 9 0611200 0110 1 6m’A 0110p6w62. 43 ; 63 . 42. 01 212 1011 6 06. 01101 6111

'

A

7 9. 69.

01110p011po2 110x 111“ 5 . 44 ; 31. introd.

A1ov1'

10 102, 11po0k17¢6€w ¢ 2010A . 1 6 11 0px 1001p01 0

(1111710110111 132 1002 1101 01110112 11111112 7 9. 5 1 . 01

010 A . 112 1 002 110101110112 11111112 62. 67 ; 63 .

60 ; 34 (a). 3 1 .

1'

30opm10w0p011p02 62. 30 ; 63 . 34 ;111100 10710v 2 61 (a). 56 , 65 , 334 ; 62. 163 ;

38 . 1 38 ; 34 (a). 134, 146, (b). 20 ; 70.

66 ; 72. 232 ; 34 . 10 1 ; 89 . 49 el saep . ;

97 . introd. ; 118 . 5 . 018111

v102 1111. 98 . 5 8. 1111. X 0p 1'

)21o2 84. 90, 94.

1111. 31111162 64 (a). 1 47 .

e‘

xarow épovpoc 80. 1 1 , 16 ; 84 . 1 2 1 , 148, 15 7 ,187 ; 8 5 . 105 ; 99 . 50 ; 15 2.

See Index IV. (a) 11101110610,

3111111111 01 5 . 44.

1'

111 0p0vp11162 128 . See c'mdpovpos‘ .

émdpovpo2 18 . 1ntrod. ; 60. 30 ; 61 (a). 99,132 , 285 , 336 ; 32. 25 8 : 34 24 ;

7 2. 268 ; 84 . 198 ; 8 5 . 59 ; 8 7 . 2 5 , 5 2 , 74,

91 ; 89. 49 112012 ; 97 . introd. , 98 .

77 ; 112. 1 10 ; 118 . 4, 6 ; 113 . introd.,1 ;

119 . 30. of010X opfimos‘ £117 . c pm62. 963 . 20, 1 34 ; 7 2. 238 . £111 . X 0pr

'

)v102 60.

107 ; 72. 23 1 ; 7 3 . 13 ; 45 , 5 7 ,87, 222

° 3 7 . 25 , 47 ,

49. 85 ; 116 introd ln naxmoc 5 44 ;

38 . 34 (a).1 48 ; 7 6 . 117 . introd. 01 010 X 0)11

'

)1 102

31 (a). 5 2 , 105 , 130, (b). 1 16 ;295 ; 0181011071. 00 11( )102. 2 .

X opq oi 31 (a). 140 ; 32. 322. o} 8121

111011001011 1101"1161011102 60. 32 ; 61

6 13

xapoypd¢02 209 .

x pfl'a,£111 x pu é

'm1 2107715001 5 . 1 44, 162 ; 35 . 2 .

ol 11p02 x p11'

012 5 . 256 ; 7 . 2 .

5 . 2 14, 2 18 ; 24 . 35 ; 29 . 1 .

M ILITA RY TE RM S .

62. 286 ; G3 . 2 10 ; 143 . (01) 111002110101162. 324, 325 .

‘

Eppédnkw ,0101

' '

Epp . 62. 39°

63 . 39.

1)yqu'

w 79 . 2 5 .

5 . 45 .

3117151p 01 (51 353 ; 7 2 345 ~

0110416111 5 4 . 1

16 ; 32. 20.

1)raw6 100 106111 1101 137 .

11100px 1110'

2 67 , note.

111-11161 30. 30 ; 7 2. 2 74, 28 1 ; 84 . 1 2 2 , 1 31 ,167 ; 99. 5 3, 5 5 , 5 8. 1101 011101 11111. 13 . 10 ;

80. 23 ; 81. 6 ; 82. 14, 16 ; 4 5 . 14 ; 4 3 .

1 1 ; 4 7 . 9 ; 31 (a). 2 2 , 32, 80,

1 22 , 1 23, 2 23 ; 33 . 5 ; 7 2. 1 5 4 ; 105 . 5 2 ;106 . 7 239 . 01010A10w 01011 122 1 002 1101 .

11111. 32. 67°

34 (a). 3 1 . any0117 721 112

16 11 1101 . 11111. 61 (0 79. 112

1 0112 110e 1. 84 .

01 1 116. 212 1 0112 c’

v 141 Oevpvyx irg) 1101 . 11111. 7 9.

86. 11p00117u7111u'

vo2 or 11po07kn<j>81 12 212 1 0112

1101 .11111 . 62. 1 1 7; 34 (a).83 ; 1rp00

010 A10w 01'

ov 1 011 0px 10010010¢1§kam2112 10112 1101 . 11111. 7 9 5 1 . 010

241 ; 63 . 95 . 01010

Kp1'

1ano2 (a). 1 1 1 . Kp11 ¢iw¢ 101

61 64 (a). 59, 65 . 01010X 0p 1)vw211111. 62. 9, 1 5 8 ; 63 . X 0)11

'

)v102

111116px 1)2

1110111102 00740002

11111 011111 31 marg., 48marg.

01 1101 . 23 1 , 27 2°

614

01 111 173 1101 . 22 7 ; 7 2. 16 1 . 111 10

31391102 112 1101 . 30. 2 7 ; 61 (a). 39,(b). 6, 262 ; 32. 47 , 87 ; 38 . 44, 74, 1 1 2 ,1 25 ; 34 (a). 67, 3 1 ; 84 . 97 , 1 16,1 5 2 ; 8 5 . 5 7 ; 124 . 32 , 39 ; 15 1. )111 0

313011012 66 . 83 ; 7 3 . I 6 ; 8 5 . 105 , 106.

11p00'

11k17pp 1f

1102 112 1011 1101 .010Kpfravo246. upookq¢81l2 122 1 1711 1101 . 61 2 1 7 ;

1101011111162 105 . 2 , 13 124 . 40.

1161011102 80. 7 ; 30. 20 31 (a). 42, (b). 224 ;32. 5 1 andmarg., 99, 1 50 ; 38 . 47 , 83,1 28 ; 34 (a). 35 ; 74 . 63 ; 7 5 . 7 , 1 1 , 8 1 ;119 . 31 ; 245 . 1101011102 111111112. See

11111152. 0'vyy111

'

1'

2 1101011101 33 . 5 2.

x 1d qpovx qp 1'

1102 5 . 36 ; 6 . 20.

d qpovx ia80. 26 ; 31 2 19, 292 ; 7 2. 148 ;124 . 37 .

q povxm)76 5 . 1 1 1 , 194 ; 30. 1 7 ; 31 (a).147 , 1 58 ; 32. 2 , 27, 3 15 , 337 ; 38 . 2

,

32 ; 34 (a). 13 ; 35 . 23 ; 7 2. 295 ; 82.

1 ; 1 46 ; 12 3 ; 148 ; 145 .

q pobxoc 5 . 90 ; 89. 5 2 , 64 ; 101. 5 ;Kp‘row, 11p00)11)¢0112 010 Kp1

'

1 0wo2 64 (a). 62oi 0121 K. 31 (a). 2, 5 , 10

, 31 ; 34 (a). 5 8Cf. 11111162, 1 01011110 .

Kp11621101 61 (a). 19 ; 64 (a). 59, 65 .

kaépx r)(paP)34 (a). 145 .

Xaapx iaX 0)11')v102 31 (a). 109 ; 62. 25 7 63 .

193. 01 15110 1 1‘

)v X . Xaapx . 11111112 1101 11110

poupa30. 29.

)u ixmos 31 32. 25 7 ; 33 . 193 ;112. 6 1

,1 1 7 ; 121. 28

, 46, 7 1 , 99 ;17 9. 110m11111112 (a). 53. 01110po11po2and { 1110410114102 péxmos'. See 01110110v 2andémdpovpom01 010 X opévw2 11p011 11krn1p 1

'

1101

1 002 pox . 64 (a). 1 29. 01010Kop r'

)111o2mix . 61 291 . mix . X 0p171102 61 (0). 332 .

01 01’ '

0p011 1101 H1006p102 1111002941660“ 112

1 1711 16 11 pox . 01111105111 61 62.

254 ; 63. 1 89. 01 01’ '0p011 1101 H1001

'

1p102mix . 7 2. 332 . (111116111 1102 111 1 6111mx .

0111110511 60. 26. 113761 1 101 pa'x . 139.

'Ek)u)v12mix . 120. introd. 139 . mix .

3001312017 ypapp01 1'ao2 116 . 5 7 121. introd.mix . 0111011611011 121. 34, 43, 83. mix . 10110

”111111101 1112 112. 8 1

111108 15 91102 112 1010111502. See

INDICES

“wax exkqpovxqpe'vov: 31 (a). 107 , 1 28 ; 32.

25 2, 325 , 326 ; 38 . 188 ; 33. 23.

md qpopéxmw5 . 46.

21110111, 01010H1 0k1pa1'011 11015 111111102 (1111 0410v ).See H10711p0

'

1'

o2.

13700q 0110111)“ 63. 40 ; 84 . 196 ; 85 . 7 1 ,

93, 105 ; 15 2.

1pm1101110p011po2 89 . 5 1 , 59 ; 98 . 76 ; 135 .

1p10110111 . 11111162 64 (a). 131 , 147 . 1111011011 .

“Mon 62. 47 ; 63 . 44. 1711011011 . x 1po1f¢

1111102 30. 2 1 ; 31 (a). 54, 333 ; 32.

161 ; 38 . 36, 136 ; 34 (a). 18 ; 84. 1 74,18 1 . 1pm110v1 . X 0p 1')11102 89. 65 . 01010X .

1p1000r 1 . 98 . 5 8.

¢p011p0px 02 6 . 13.

4111111152, 1p10110vr1ip011p02 311121012 62. 47 63. 44.

x 1p0 1'

411111102 62. 34 ; 89 . 63, 67 ; 15 2. rpmx dmpx la, 1506111) x 10. 137 .

X opqmaxm' 61 (a). 1 40 ; 62. 322 .

X 0p 7)m2 62. 284 ; 63 . 187 , 209. Cf. 1ln

01épovp02, éfl dpovpoc, W 111“, Fi x“ .

'

0p02, 01 01' '

0p011 1101 1110015p102 00001915011 11 ;112 1 6111 pax fpov 0171105 11 61 (a). 107 ;32. 254 ; 38 . 189.

Hcaofipw, at 85' '

0povml Ilsa-06pmmix tpoc.See

'0pos

'

.

Hrokepa'ioc, 01M Hrokepcu'

ovmi Ee’mvoc (fw dpovpoc)60. 32 ; 61 (a). 141 ; 62. 286 ; 68 .

no; 143 . (oi)flrokqmiov 62. 324, 325 .

orparwépmc 27 . 49. orpu'r."Ellyn: 5 . 168 .

arpar . c’

vmisauyyen'mf é'

w xafoix ow bra-far61 79.

ovpau é rqs 87 . I 3.

W ink &( iTOCKOl. See d rama:and bank .

avpnpoardrqc 7 6 x: bu) Kpc'

rmmunw ind» lam-for64 (a). 1 10. c lamp. 7 6»an} K. apockq¢0€vraw 61 (a). 5 , lo, 31 , 35 .

aflw cfcs, (Inpdp cvoc i v rfi ovwa'fa5 . 45 .

¢ep6pevoc i v 7 5 7 6V pax t'pu v 0mm60. 26.

upoakqtpée'w cc d c n’p pax lpaw

61 (a). 108 ; 62. 25 5 ; 63. 191 .

o'

vtrrparcvép cm124 . 3 1.

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616

8 7 . 100 ; 8 8 . 14 c/map ; 8 9 . 5 3 el saep . ;98 . 29, 40 ; 116 . introd. npa‘brov Icpdv 60.

9, 13 ; 23.

’

l¢m‘

iov 5 . 70 ; 44 . 8, 14 ; 62. 48 ; 8 8 . 29 ;

120. 26,82 ; 15 1.

npoxobu ko-rmfieiov 8 8 . I O.

8 8 . 4.

Eovx u'

iov x 01 ( pox .

INDICES'

Op¢nvov¢u iov 8 8 . 35 .

upoow xv)7 01160v 8 6 . I 7 , 18, 29.

wrpé'

orov lepdv. See Iepév.

Eovx u'

iov 13 . introd. ; 8 6 . 35 ; 105 . 41 106 .

28 ; 114 . 10, 16 ; 116 . 10 ; 121.

7 2 243 ; 25 3 . 2.mlmand ala-11141130!8 8 . 4.

(c) PR IESTS AND PRIE STE SSE S.

i 6ke Bcpem'x qs E t’npyc'f d oc, Tp6¢awa o

(B.C. 204- 18 1)17 6 .

6px up¢69 5 . 62 .

0,11c c 7 632 1051631

0 5 . 62 .

060769 9 0;)p 61 59, 6 1 72. 2 I O. flea-y.206x 011 121. 76 183 .

M ounds 61 401 7 2. 410 ; 118 . 1 1 .

lc'

paa“panning dukomiropoc 17 6 .

lcpcéc 5 . 6 .

5 9 . 2 , 14 ; 62. 10 ; 84 . 93 ; 97 .

2 1 ; 115 . 32 ; 121. 67, 131 .

M eédvfipov trunk. 104 . 6 ; 105 . 9 ;106 . 4 ; 109 . 7 . nrokcpa'ior (B. C.

204—18 1) 17 6 . Hrokqm'ioc 6 3111

xakot'mevoc '

Ake'

£av8poc (B. C. 1071c 1)l66 .

li p. A162 120. 1 28.

Icp.

'

Iom'ov 120. 26.hp. o vefin'mos 42. 2 115 . 20.

kpdaovkos’ 6 . 25 .

tavmptfpoc “pom!“M kmra'ropos, ku vov

204- 18 1) 17 6 .

<1»m(B.C. 145- 1 25)

18 7 .

xpmdgbos 61 (b). 401 7 2. 41 1 .

mww ¢6poc 28 . introd 115 . 20, 30 ; 118 . 4 ;

17 2. ram-act). 81207 00617110: 6106

p eyékov 7 2. 27 .

r pocmx ér cr ré'

w lepc‘

iw 117100680” 5 . 58.

1rpo¢6mr 182 214.

WM . Apcm140.

apoq). 826W Ebepycrc‘bv 6 . 3.

0al1p 5 7 . 4 211.

(d) M ISCELLAN EOUS.

wc’

pc 5 . 65 , 79, 80 ; 6 . 2 1 , 34.

ypappam’a5 . 65 , 79, 80 ; 6 . 2 2 , 34.

01min88 . 16 ; 8 8 . 1 2 ;

up.) 76 5 . 37 , 50, 1 1 1 , 194 ; 6 . 20 ; 86 . 7 ;60. 8

,1 5 , 40 ; 61 (a). 1 5 2 , 1 5 7 , 207 ,

324 ; 62. 2 , 4, 26, 3 10, 314, 328 , 336 ;

68 . 2, 4, 31 ; 64 (a). 1 ; 7 8 . 3 1 ; 81. 28 ;82. 3, 45 ; 84 . 92 , 1 54, 183, 1 85 ;

5 6, 104, 106, 1 16, 1 19, 1 2 7 , 143 ; 86 . 6,

14, 20,25 ; 8 7 . 37 ; 8 8 . 13 elmap ; 8 9.

5 4, 66 ; 98 . 28, 40 ; 123 . 16. 1103q } ;m’m..p.7 2. 1 28. 60mmI.p.74. 59 ;7 5 . 77.

kpalJpovpm5 . 60.

Itpai Opax pat' 11. I 7 .

lepbv {4303 5 . 78 ; 5 7 . 1 2 ; 61 268. itpfi

frpdfiara5 3 . 7 .

kpaz 1111600801 5 . 50, 58, 59, 80.

lepaoma 119. 32 .

33 . 13.

)mrovp-yt'u 5 . 66. Retrovpycml {wipes 8 8 . 3cl saep.

211016117 650 5 . 65 , 79, 80 ; 5 . 2 1 , 34 ; 8 8 . 2.

Zapatrlua119 . 25 .

VI I I . PERSONAL NAMES

V I I I. PE R SONAL NA M E S.

A father of Apollonius 7 9 . 74 .

A[. .]tmfather of Doras 108 . 39.

’

A36vcs 180.

‘

A-

yéaapxos epistates. See Index V.

3 705 909 sonof Theon83 . 5 5 .

'

Aya6ox kac father of Demetrius 7 9 . 29, 61 .

'

A6eppc{m12. 25 ; 62. 7 7 , 86 ; 68 , 73 ; 94 .

26.

‘

A6q tpc6: oeconomus 117 . 1 5 .

’

A6ep.pe6s sonof Petesuchus 8 8 . 41 91. 16 ;

97 . 1 5 .

’

A6¢ppm76¢s0)also called Athenais, daughterof Apollonius also called Pres retis 107 .

2 , 1 2 .

'

A017( father ofHeliodorus 112 . introd.’

A6qvats 6mt ’

A6¢ppo06tc daughter of Apollou ins also called Pres retis 109. 2

, 1 2,

18, 35 ~

'

A01)m'wv 120. 45 .

'

A017m'aw sonof Archias 84 . introd. ; 61 (a). 4,36 ; 62. 133 ; 68 . 104 ; 64 (a). 94 ; 7 8 .

2 1 84 . 148.

°

A9q268¢opos 72. 450.

A'

t'

ywrroc 82. 8 , 13.

1 110120000: 119 . 8, 1 5 , 34, 42 120. 29 ;121 43, 53. 5 5 . 64.

’

A xovm7\aos sonof Apollonius ( 1) 62. 108

68 . 89 ; 64 (a). 43 ; 84. 1 29, 134 ; 98 .

48. ( 2)90. 22.

‘

Axoum’kaor sonof Asc lepiades 62. 148 ; 68 .

97 , 1 20 ; 64 (a). 6 1 , 78 ; 1 20.

'

Axovm'kaoc ficfihwdn'lhaf 112. introd.

35 11000 11 1102 8011 Of Cholus 120. 5 , 1 23 ;128 . 10.

’

Axoval>.aoc father of D ionysius 112. 1 1 7 .“Karoli na: sonOfHeraclides 29 . 4.

“150110000: komogrammateus. See Index V.

1 1101100002 koynmis 100. 10.

‘

Ax ow btaor sonof Paos 5 8 . 8 .

rrpdx raop 100. I I , 2 1 .

'

Axoum’Aaos~ father of Ptolemaeus 117 . 40.

sonof tiphibis 121. 105 .

father of Acrisius 61 (a). 5 7 ; 62.

165 68 . 140.

‘

Ax pt’moc sonof Acrisius and father of Chomenis 62. 1 65 ; 68 . 140 ; 64 (a). 135 ;94. 1 2 ; 98 . 65 .

map“ father ofOrsenouphis 8 8 . 30.

121. 90. Cf. Index I I .

father ofDioscurides 99 . 45 .

'

Ak¢'

ea68pos sonof Soka[ 24 . 93 .

‘Akxmos sonofHarphasis 15 6 .

’

Ap ( )121. 139.

sonOfKalatutis 90. 5 .

'

A;u w ¢62 28 . 1 ; 133 .

’

Ap em6: father ofAmenneus 8 8 . 5 1 .

’

Apem6c sonofAmenneus 8 8 . 50.

‘

Apcm6s basilico-

grammateus. See Index V.

’

Apem6s father ofHaruotes 18 . introd.‘

Apem'6: father ofHorus 119 . 7 .

’

Ap¢m62 sonof Marres 97 . introd.’

Apcm6¢ father of N icon49 . 5 .

’

Ap cm6s father of Petermouthis the younger’

Ayme6 s father ofPetosirisAmulet 250.

'

Amvias 311107 61179 (fivhax tré' w43 . 5 , 20.

’

p t'as u x ctptxa‘os fl

‘

w x ex wpwpe'mv 1rp6¢ro8ov

7 6 . 2 .

’

Appam’as 120. 73.

'

A;mwm'a120. 96.

1 ,171o daughter of Apollophanes 8 6 . 33,

44’

Appa'ovtos 12. 2 120. 70, 88 ; 208 .

’

Appémoc father ofAmmonius ( 1)68 . 65 . ( 2)‘

Appo’moc sonof Ammonius ( 1)68 . 65 . (2)

'

Appo'

wws‘ father of Apollonius 97 . introd.

'

Appa'omoc sonof Apollonius and father ofAmmonius 62. 73 68 . 65 .

'

Appémos 6ml '

Ar ¢i'

s 24 . 88 .

‘

AppévmsonofHeracleides 15 1.

’

Appa'moc father ofHeras 15 6 .

uppémc sonofLacon116 . 7 .

'

Appémos brother of M enches 12. 14.

“11416 210: also called Petesuchus father ofM enchesalsocalled Asclepiades 164 .

7 17416610: father of Polemon61 (a). 36 ; 62.

1 28,134 ; 68 . 103, 1 18 ; 64 (a). 65 , 95 ;

7 8 . 8 ; 84 . 1 2 1 ; 245 .

‘

Appéms sonof Ptolemaeus 88 . 6 1 .

1 7416 610: sitologus‘

Appamoc sonofTaurinus

618

’

Appo'mor 7 216 1272 140.

’

Apopraios father of E tphemounisor Nephthemounis 61 (a). 50 66 . 86.

3 710664: sonof Nephnachthei 61 (a). 96 62.

237 ;’

ApoimsonofPikamis 61 (a). 95 ; 62. 23568 . 1 7 7 .

sonofPhilinus 61 1 1 72. 20,

38.

imopmporoypcitbos. See Index V.

’

Au ,mu 6r 62. 33, 228, 245 ; 68 . 46 ; 116 . 46.

’

Anpm6s father ofPetosiris 90. 1 7 .

’

Avepr ¢6c sonofPetosiris 84 . 162 ; 97 . 13.

‘

Am'mror 67..

AV‘WTOS sonofAristippus 81. 29 ; 8 2. 7 .

31141197 02 ovmrpoméms ro’

iv 8121 Kpt'

rmvor 61 (a).49 91 64 (a)‘ 931 I O9'

’Avm'ios strategus. See Index V.

’

Avr irrarpos 99. 46.

’

Am'u-arpos sonofArtemidorus 7 9 . 75 .

'

Avr t'

11'arpos father of N icias 88 . 75 .

’Ams god 5 . 7 7 .

’

Am’ov father ofHermias 189.

'

A110M 66mpos c’hatomiihqs 8 8 . 3, 7 , 10 ; 39. 2

125 ; 15 7 212.

‘

Anondbapos epistates 810. See Index V.

'

A1rokh6bmposhoywn'

p 100. introd., I .

father of Maron15 . 10, 1 2 , 2 1 ,

29 ; 16 . 8.

sonof Ptolemaeus 61 24 1

84 . 1 22, 15 , 16.

’

At ohko¢dms 131. 131 .

father of Ammonia86 . 33, 45 .

sonofDionysodorus 49 . 2 .

’Ano)txo¢dvqc sonof Poplins 8 5 . 5 5 .ma‘v 8 7 . I .

'

Arrohhawiami Kehkaww daughter of Heraclides 104 . 1 el seep.

’

Arrohhovq s 8 3. 82 .

unanimous father ofHermione 8 6 . 14, 22.

‘

Ayronémc 97 ; 85 . 1 86 . 1 ; 61

409, 4 1 7 ; 72. 4 19 ; 80. 24 ; 8 5 . 1 1

90. 35 ; 108 . 4 ; 106 . 34 ; 119 . 22 ; 16 8 .

’

Ano)0téwmsonof A 7 9 . 74.

1 110116 910: sonof Achilleusand father ofAcusilaus 62. 108 ; 68 . 89 ; 64 (a). 43 ;84 . 130, 134 ; 98 . 48.muonévmfather of Acusilaus 90. 22 .

u ranium: father of Ammonius 62. 73 ;ea. 65 .

INDICES

’

A1ro)\Mmos sonofAmmonius 97 . introd.

’

Arrohhcimos 6 117162mi s dvaxpt'o-cm86 . 1 , 3, 1 1

1 110116 6 16 1 father ofApollonius 8 5 . 103.

sonof Apollonius 8 5 . 103.

'

A1r0Ma'omos 6mi km: father of Ptolemaeusalso called Petesuchus 105 . 1

,1 1

, 54106 . 1 , 7 .

M anama.basilico-

grammateus, sonof Posidonius. See Index V.

'

A1ro)0\6nos sonofDemetrius 8 8 . 32 .

’

Au father ofDemimas 120. 18.

father ofDidymarchus 80. 3, 10,1 5 , 23 ; 68 . 1 24 ; 64 (a). 73 ; 145 .

’

A1ro)0ta'moc father of Diodotus 62. 68 ; 68 .

6 1 ; 148 .

’Au'ohhcimo2 father ofDionysius 64 (a). 5 1 .

’

A1ro)uta'mos sonof Dionysius ( 1) 62. 1 2 2 ;

68 . 100 ; 64 (a) 50 ; 7 8 . 1 7 ; 97 . introd.(2)7 9 . 1 1 , 5 7 , 60.

‘

Afronémos father of E irenaeus 99. 58.muonémepimeletes. See Index V.

’

A1ro)0m’moc ypappard s 64 7 2. 250.

'

Arrohh'oms {7706510 02 112. introd.’

A1ro)t)témoc sonofHeraclides 104 . 2,1 1

, 47 .

1 2 0116 610: father ofHermon8 5 . 148 .

’

Aflohht‘wwt sonofHermon120. 1 5 2.

fatherofHorion105 . 1 , 1 1 ; 15 8 .

’A1m)0ta’moc sonof Lagus 85 . 50.

'

Arrokh6u osmeridarch183 .

'

A1whho'wwc sonof M icion62. 59 ; 68 . 5 5 ;64 (a). 26.

umxmmfather of Nearchus 79. 38.

'

A1rohk6nor sonof N icaeus 108 . 6.

'

A110M 6mo2 sonof N icon90. 27 229 .

’

Au-ona'»mnomarch. See Index V.

’

A1ro)0toimos father of Numenius 85 . 1 1 7 .

’A1roM ¢imocagent ofoeconomus 18 8 .

716 0116 210: father of Pausanias 85 . 35 .’

Arrohholwtos sonof Phaedrus 8 5 . 1 2 1 , 147 ,1 50.

'

A:ro)utémc father of Philiscus 104 . 1, 9, 37 .

'

AM héms father ofPhilonautes 289 .

sonof Posidonius ( 1)68 . 9; 84 .

184. ( 2)82. 25 .

'

Arrohh¢imos 6mi [ Immpfirts fatherofAthenaisalso called Athermouthis 109. 2 , 1 2 .

’

Anona'oms father of Ptolemaeus 61 7 , 8 ;68. 8 1 ; 105 . 14.

2112 011621“ sonof Ptolemaeus ( 1) (sonofthe preceding Ptolemaeus 106 . 10

,1 1 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

620 I NDI CE S

'

Apo°

1f)ms father of Horus 68 . 8 ; 6 4 (a). 5 ;‘

Apmiimc son ofHorus 8 5 . 56.

’

Apaw¢$qmother of Phatres 5 2. 6.

'

Apaw617 Qd ddehcboc. See Index II .2 710q dad o-”dram. See Index II .‘

Apaéu son of Maron61 80.

121. 42.

‘

Apofirpnr son of Petosiris 18 . introd. 61 (a).74 ; 62. 194 : 68 . 15 5 ; 98 . 90.

'

Apflifiar son of Pantauchus 62. 95 68 . 80

called Artabazas 145 calledArtabaz us 64 (a). 33.

Aprep t'

dapos’

Apr ¢p180pos father of Antipatrus 7 9 75'

Apf ep¢'

6wpos father of Asclepius 15 1 .

’

Apr ep 1’

8¢opoc father of Charition8 2. 5 .

’

Apr ¢plbopos father of Diocles'

Ap-rep 1

'

8o1poc komogrammateusAprepmwpos upon-rap 21. 2 .

'

Aprep ¢'

8opos sonof Ptolemaeus 88 . 84.

'

Apvéms 24. 87 ; 61 (a). 5 5 .

'

Apva'm72 sonof Amenneus 18 . introd.

‘

Apvo'

nmalso called Apollonius father ofPtolemaeusalsocalled Petesuchus 105 . 1 ,

l I . 54'

M c sonofHarsie'sis'

Apva'1ms father ofHaruotes 61 (a). 100 °

62 .

242 ;

18 7 .

‘

Apvérrmson of Haruotes 61 (a). 100 ; 62 .

242 ; 68 . 1 82 ; 6 8 . 84 ; 7 8 . 18 ; 98 . 8 ;187 .

°Apuém2 father ofHorus 44 . 1 1 .

'

Apvém;s son of Marres 8 5 . 49.

‘

Apm'wqc son ofOrsenouphis 8 5 . 37 , 38.

‘

Apvéms grandfather of Petesuchus 5 4. 1 2.

‘

Apvdrmc father of Petesuchus 185 .

father ofPhaé‘

sis 7 8 . 10,18 98 . 16.

‘

Apvé rqs son of Phaesis 44 . 3 7 8 . 1 8 ; 149.

‘

Apvdmpc son of Phaeus 61 (a). 54 ; 62. 16 1

68 . 1 36 ; 64 (a). 132 ; 98 . 10, 59.

‘

Ap¢aijms 62. 50, 7 2 , 298 ; 98 . 62 129.

'

AaxAmnébqs father of M elanippus 68 . 1 10 ;‘

qmamc son of Arachthes 108 . 19. 64 (a). 5 2, 64.

‘

Ap father ofHarthonis 61 (a). 7 1 62 .

'

Aax )tmmibqs 18 9 .

188 ; 68 . 1 5 3. l oamc’

fli far ” was“ . See Index V.

“M ore father of Horus 61 (a). 82 ; 62. l ankmruibns frpoafl‘

zs f f): x exapmpe'mc 11700066011.2 1 1 68. 164. See Index V.

‘

Ap¢aams son of Horus 61 (a). 92 ; 62. 229 ;'

o )1mnéc father of Ptolemaeus 24, 82 .

68 . 1 73.

°

Aax 71w166171 son of Ptolemaeus ( 1)82. 4, 10,

‘

Apdx u‘

ims father of Kames 118 . 5 .

‘

Apcfiaiims prix tpos 112. 6 1 , 8 1 .

‘

Ap¢m‘ims father of Patunis 108 . 35 .

‘

Apcpaamc son of Petosiris 84. 97 .

1 7 ; 24 7 .

'

Ap¢amc father of Alcimus 15 6 .

'

Ap¢x oi1ns father of Semtheus 8 5 . 43.

'

Apx £as father of Athenion84. introd . ; 61 (a).4, 36 ; 62. 133 ; 68 . 104 ; 64 (a). 94 ;7 8 . 2 1 ; 84. 148.

‘

Apx c’

Bmdioecetes. See Index V.

‘

Apx t'

Bmfather of Kalatutis 121. 1 2 1 .

'

Apx 171lfu‘ son of Orses 88 . 18.

‘

ApXWnc father of Peteésis 8 5 . 62 , 66.

‘

Apxfiqmson of Petosiris 61 (a). 70 62. 186 ;

68 . 1 5 2 ; 98 . 84 ; 114 . 9.

‘

p amson of Stephanus 61 (a). 134 ; 62.

303 ; 68 . 2 24 ; 8 5 . 1 5 2 ( i).‘

AM 61: son of Kollouthes 61 (a). 7 2 ; 62.

190 ; 68 . 1 5 7 ; 98 . 25 , 94.

“pm-( ias son of Peteharphres 12. 5 , 10.

'

Amrhqmddns 7 9 . 7 ; 112. 1 13 ; 164 ; 165 .

“6 111172 16879 father of Acusilaus 62 . 148

68 . 97 , 1 20 ; 64 (a). 6 1 , 78 ; 84 . 1 14,

1 20 ; identical)105 . 16.

’

A0t 1fll351} 9 father of Asclepiades 62. 144 ;

68 . 1 17 ; 84. 1 1 8 .

1 6 01172 1664: son of Asclepiades 62. 1436 8 . 1 1 7 ; 84 . 1 18 .

’

Aax )tmndbqs son of Bacchius 112. 94.mummy.basilico-

grammateusO)10. 1 .

M amas“ father of Chaeremon68 . 10.

’

A¢nrhmmibqsagent of311101611 72 (bolalur i w43 . 5 .

’

AaxAmrm'bqs son of Heliodorus 88 . 74.

’

A¢rx)tqmddqsalso called Imouthes 24 . 84.

'

Ao°

t midqs x ex u puu‘

os n‘

w x exmpwyc'mv ”p60

odov 7 6 . 3.

1 6 11172 111817: 3011 and father of Limnaeus1 6 16142 16c also called M enches son of

Petesuchus. See Index V. s. v. Kapo

VI I I . PERSONAL NAMES

1 7 ; 02 91 ; 63 7 7 ; 7 5 . 9 ; 84» 1 5 3 ;

24 5 . ( 2)(at Magdola)83. 63.

son of Theon8 7 . 37 , 62 .

1 6 11141116: son of Artemidorus 8 5 . 1 25 , 15 1 .

‘Amjmfather of Papnebtunis 285 .

224 .

’

A-re

‘

isalso called Ammonius 24 . 88.

’

A¢86nrros 114 . 14.

sonof Hebdomion62. 30 ; 68 .

34 64 (a). 16 ; 97 . introd.1 416611177 0: son of Pinous 90. 29.

8 . 6.

A¢6¢f rts father of Maron121. 1 24.

’

Ax d\Ae6s father of Apollonius 64 (a). 4’

Ax dt)\c6s son of Ptolemaeus 97 . 27 .

“whimfather of Patesis 121. 103.

'

Axo&1m° son of Psenephthas 6 . 2 .

13611s father of Asclepiades 112. 94.

8 611c son of M usaeus 62. 1 20 ; 68 . 98 ;64 (a). 48 ; 84 . 1 5 7 .

BA N }: 8 9 . 26.

Bepcm'x r). See Index II.Bepm’xq B6ep-ye'ns. See Index I I .Bepmc’mv son ofDei ( i)120. 132.

8 17012 son of Kollouthes 8 7 . 49.

8 1:1v 120. 1 27 , 1 29, 13 1 .

8 16 112 123 . 13.

father of Chaeremon120. 1 53.

father of Chlidon120. 1 1 7 , 1 18, 1 2 1 .

father of Maron90. 19.

son ofPhalacrus (i)90. 13.

8 017109 2 24.

30631107 19 goddess 240.

Bp 101° father of Kalatutis 103 . 38.

Bponepds father of Zenodorus 61 (a). 20,

240 ; 64 (a). 82 ; 7 2. 1 78 .

Bpop epdc sonof Zenodorus 61 (a). 2 1 62.

79 ; 68 . 68 ; 64 (a). 83; 8 5 . 7 1 , 87 , 94;148 .

A son ofDiodorus 7 9 . 23.

A son of Diophantus 7 9. 25 .

A daughter of Pyrrhus 8 6 . 4.

Advbakos 180.

Aapc‘

ioc father of Theodotus 7 9 . 70.

Aape‘

ioc son of Theodotus 7 9. 70.

Acx dpnos alsocalled Petosiris son of Onnophris 280.

Am father of Bernicion120. 132.

q iic 89 . 26 61 (a). 69.

Away sonof Sentheus 91. 6.

Anna: sonof Seuthes 45 . 3.

q r'

rrpws 34 . 1 1 ; 37 . 5 62. 67 97 . introd.q r

'

fl'

pws sonof Agathoc les 7 9. 29, 6 1 .

q r'

rrpws father of Apollonius 88 . 32 .

q r'

p'

pws sonof Demetrius. See Aqm'flpwssonof Heraclides.

Any-17111102 epistates. See Index V.

Aqw'

rrpws sonof Heraclides 18 . introd. ; 6126 1 (called also 5011 of Demetrius);

62. 14 1 ; 68 . 1 14, 1 1 5 ; 64 (a). 69 ; 7 8 .

16 ; 101. 4.

q v'

nptos sonofHermias 25 . 25 ; 112. 1 1 2.

q r'

rrpws father of Hermon120. 154.

Armr'p '

ptos sonof N iboitas 28 . 3, 7 8 5 . 96.

q r'

p'

pcoc sonofPhilon99. 66.

q firptoc sonof Se 6 7 . 82 .

q r'momsonof Sentheus 97 . 1 1 .

q r'

rrpws son of Silanionand father of

Silenus 62. 5 3 ; 64 (a). 2 1 .q r

'

flptos sonof Thrax 86 . 6, 8 , 16.

Amupas sonof Apollonius 120. 18 .

A1[ father of Chaeremon118 . 1 3.

A 166papxot sonof Apollonius 80. 3 el .caep. ;

68 . 1 24 ; 64 (a). 73 ; 6 5 . 25 , note ; 145 .

Albvpos 62. 191 ; 8 5 . 137 ; 108 . 20 ; 109.

34 ; 120. 15 5 ; 121. 10 ; 168 ; 18 8 .

Albums banker 101. 3.

At'

dtmos father of Dionysius 209 .

Albumkomogrammateus. See Index V.

A ibupos sonofHeracles 120. 1 22.

A iaupos sonof M enoites 8 8 . 4 1 182.

N ew s sonof Ptolemaeus 104 . 35 , 36.

Albums sonof Soterichus 90. 2 1 .

Albumfather of tiphibis 121. 105 .

Aw8[ sonof Pasis 86 . 43.

Atdboros 97 . introd. ; 114 . 3.

A tébo-ros sonof Apollonius 62. 68 ; 68 . 6 1

148 .

Attidoros father ofHeracles 121. 1 26.

Atdboroc son of M icion 62. 59 ; 68 . 5 3 ;64 (a). 25 .

A1660p02 103 . 29.

Awampos father ofD 7 9. 23.

A tdawpos sonofE uctemonand fatherofLagus62. 103 ; 68 . 86 ; 64 (a). 39 ; 98 . 5 6.

father of Euphranor 7 9 . 67 .

Auibmpoe father of Maron48 . 14.

A tddwpos father of Philotas 7 9 . 67 .

622 I NDICE S

4 16607102 father of Thoteus 247 .

son ofArtemidorus 120. 19.

Amali e father ofHeracleus 104 . 35 .

A tomi c son of Ptolemaeus 90. 30.

Awn’mos 12. 1 7 , 22 ; 80. 30 ; 108 . 10 ; 109 .

5 , 3 1 , 33. Cf. Index VI.6 10760 109 son ofAcusilaus 112. 1 1 7 .

Awr6moc son and father of Apollonius 62.

1 22 ; 68 . 100 ; 64 (a). 50 ; 7 8 . 1 7 ; 97 .

introd.Acov6moc father of Apollonius, Persian 7 9.

1 1 , 60.

Acon'mo: son of Apollonius and father ofDionysius 7 9. 65 .

4 101160 109 dpxwomarotpflaf 7 9 . 5 2.

Ate-61m: dpxomixooc 7 2. 447 .

Atar i -mos son of Didymus 209.

Acon'

nnos father ofDionysius ( 1)81. 3, 9, 16 ;6 5 . 25 ; 104 . 35 ; 145 . (2) at Magdola8 8 . 5 .

Amm’aos son of Dionysius ( 1)7 9 . 65 . ( 2)n, 1 5 ; 62. 25 ; 104. 35. 47 ;

145 . (3)at Magdola88 . 5 .

v 6moc father of Heliodorus 61 (a). 14, 3462. 130 ; 64 (a). 91 , 105 .

Awn’moc father of Heracleus 284.

Awn’mmfather ofHeraclides 8 5 . 149.

Acad emy 8011 of Hermaiscus 104 . 34, 39, 46.

Aw s father of Horion8 5 . 100.

v 6mocmeridarch. See Index V.

Atom'mtos son of Numenius 120. 5 , 1 23.

Acon’mmson of Patron104 . 4, 34, 36, 41 ,

46.

Au w6mosalso called Petos father of Maronalsocalled N ektsaphthis 61 (a). 8 , 1 7 , 40 ;68 . 1 27 ; 64 (a). 107 ; 7 5 . 10 ; 8 5 . 59 ;105 . 2 , 1 2 106 . 1 , 6 ; 24 5 .

Aton'

nnos 6m1 Dnoofpcs sonCf Theonalsocalled Thonis 109 . 1 el

1110116010: father of Protarchus 62 . 1 25 ; 68 .

101 ; 64 (a). 5 7 ; 7 8 . 9.

1110266 10: son of Ptolemaeus ( 1)1171007 62 r i sx exopwpe

'ms See Index V. (2)atMagdola82. 2 7 .

A tar6mos father of Pyrrhichus 45 . 14 46 .

10 ; 47 . 8.

Atar6mos son of Pyrrhichus 62.748 68 . 45 ;

64 1 1 .

11101160102 father of Sarapion64 (a). 37 .

Atov6mos father of Zopyrus 98 . 67.

A wméaopoc father ofApollonius 49 . 2.

A tomdaupos father of Ptolemaeus 8 5 . 69.

Al'

os cipxméx cpos 120. 1 28.

A im(Actor)(fivkax ifl): 120. 5 5 .

A toox ovpt'

dqs 28 . I 121. 95 .

Awoxoupibqs sonof Alexandrus 99 . 45 .

W 0: 208 .

A16¢ ¢wros father of AApei

'aos 100. 1 1 , 20 .

Ao[ 01007 1117 1 132 29 . 1 .

Aopac sonof A sis 108. 39.

Aapas oeconomus 121. 34.

Awpt'mv (f)94. 26.

Ampéov sonof Cholus 128 . 1.

Aopt'

w sonof Irenaeus 9. 1 7 11. 3.

Ampimv father of Sosippus 80. 29.

Aopt'

u v 111111110"d v 81 78 .

Aapoc sonof Petalus 76 68 . 67.Aw i6¢os sonof Ptolemaeus 7 9 . 78.

Ac c ifleos father of Seuthes 7 9. 63.

sonof Aphthonetus 62. 30 ; 68 .

34 ; 64 (a). 16.

‘

Efieuos father of Ebenus 114 . 1 2.‘Eficvoc sonof Ebenus 114. 1 2 .

E Ipqvac sonofApollonius 99 . 58.

E lpnva'ios dioecetes. See Index V.

Elpqva'ios father of Dorion11. 3.

E lpq os e’

d oyurn'

n. See Index V.

Elpqva‘ios father of Hemera120. 89.

son of M elistion 100. 2 (calledKchwfl

'

s v), 6, 1 2.

'mp¢ims father of Epicrates 81. 6.

’E1ru pémc sonof Epicrates 8 1. 6.

'

E rr1¢6ms 114 . 6'

Ep06pfis 91. 9, note.

’

Epyc61 62. 19 ; 68 . 28 ; 64 (a). 9 ; 81. 25 ;

'

Epy¢ 6: father ofAriston121. 147.'

Epy¢6c father ofHarbechis 111. 1 174 .

’

Epyc61~ father ofHeres 121. 1 22 .

nap-W6:alsocalledHermias sonofPetesuchus110. 2 .

’

Epyc6: father of Penemasis 8 8 . 22.

sonofPsenesis 108 . 24.

‘

Eptyc6c father ofPetechon88 . 49.

'

Ep¢g6s sonof Psenesis 66 . 68 .

’

Epn61~ sonof Tothes 8 5 . 124, 1 29.

7&m( l> 2°9‘

Eppaiot 80. 4.

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624 INDICE S

‘

Hpae tc sitologus 8 9 . 1 2m. 2 .

c

I-Ipa'lthuos 119 . 45 .

‘

Hpéx x ews agent of Apollodorus, logeutes100. introd.

,1 .

‘

Hpée ws sonofDiocles 104 . 35 , 47.°

d x kaos sonof Dionysius 234.

‘

d o ro: sonof N icanor 8 5 . 16, 32, 42.

‘

Hpcwtcmsonof Posidippus 45 . 1 5 ; 46 . 1 1 ;47 . 9 ; 126 127 .

‘

Hpéx x cmsonof Sarapion105 . 53, 68.‘

d khu ros 8 . 10.

'

Hpax 71¢'wv sonof M elas 117 . 2 , 9.

‘

d x kqos father of Ptolemaeus 90. 1 5 .

'

d d qos father of Saras 90. 18.

‘

HpaxAiic father of Didymus 120. 1 22.

‘

Hpax x ijs sonof Diodotus 121. 1 26.

“pandas sonof Maron120. 1 1 1 .

‘

Hpax xfi: sonofPanteuchus 108 . 3.

‘

upac sonof Ammonius 15 6 .

]«q 1)ml '

H. 8 7 . 100.

11c sonof Petalus 1 2.

‘

Hpqc sonof E rgeussonof Eunicus

1 q s 8011 of Heliodorus 61 (a). 34 ; 62.

131 ; 64 (a). 90.

“11716672 father ofHerodes

‘

Hq sonofHerodes 80. 28‘

Hq s brother of M enches 12. 1 .

'

Hpa'161)s father of Ptolemaeus 8 8 . 77.‘

p sonof M ennens 120. 102.

‘Hpmvfather of Ptolemaeus 116 . 56.

'

H¢awr fav sonof Stratonicus 61 (a). 13 68

108 ; 64 (a). 104.

6 6011 184

6 107611112 94 .

6 :71:q father of M estasutmis (i)9 241207 011 freplxama. See Index IV

Oedflovhos sonof Cleodemus 99. 67 .

seam. sonand father of Darius 7 9. 70.

9 26601 02 apt): f f) 01110140q xal 6px 1¢vhax tflig27 . 29.

9 26607 01 sonofTI 7 9. 80.

father of Symmachus 15 2.

9 ¢6xnrro2 99. 68.

9 66¢OWO3 99. Inn-Odo

e6m80. 24 ; 8 2. 1 5 ; 8 5 . 96 ; 94 . 30 ; 109 .

34 ; 120. 20 ; 18 5 ; 264.

6 56011 father of Asclepiades 8 7 . 37 , 62.

9 51011 7 7104171117 26: 7 6167173111 236 .

968 6 father of Chaeremon64 (a). 5 7 7 8. 8 .

9 51»avpcipds 112 introd. ; 18 5 .

96616 6 «at 6 6mfather of Dionysius alsocalled Petosiris 109. 1 , 1 1 .

960» father ofHermophilus, 82. 14, 30.

ec'

ov father of Petron80. 3, 8, 16, 24 ; 62.

{12 ; 68 . 1 24 ; 64 (a). 74 ; 84 . 98, 107 ;

6 68 6 father ofPolemon88 . 14.

6 61» sonofPolemonand fatherof Agath'8 8 . 5 5 .

6 66W upox exetpwpc'mc 611i n)? yumcrpfar 24. 42 ,

48.

966111 upoxapo'ypdtfios (f)112. 1 16.

9 6mfather of Ptolemaeus 8 5 . 48, 79, 82.

ea» sonof Ptolemaeus 104 . 34, 47.9 6» father of Theon( 1)62. 1 18 64 (a).61 84 . 167 and note ; 91. 8. (2)atMagdola82. 29.

ee’

w sonof Theon( 1)62. 1 18 ; 64 (a). 6184 . 167andnote 91. 8. ( 2)at Magdola82. 29.

eoc( sonofHeliodorus 91. 24.

eofipts 121. 1 2 , 89. Cf. Index VI I (a).907 16: 82. 2 1 2 120. 47 .

eon6s sonofDiodorus 247 .

901 669 sonofHarbechis 90. 9.

ocre6s father ofKatutis 81. 9.

eorc61~ sonof Maron121. 1 14.

oc re6s sonofOrses 70. 66 ; 98 . 70.

9 67 161 sonofPholemis 61 (a). 8 1 62 . 209;68 . 163 ; 98 . 2

,106.

father of Thoteus 88 . 16.

eon6: sonof Thoteus 88 . 16.

9 01 662 father of Toutmis 80. 3.

901671 117 . 54, 69.

eo-ropfa‘ios father ofHarmachorus 247 .

eo-ropra‘ioc fatherofHorus 18 introd. ; 61 (a).68 ; 62. 184 ; 68 . 15 1 ; 98 . 82.

6 07 0711030: komogrammateus. See Index V.

ampu tat father of Teos 84 . 2 17 8 5 .

6 0

563

717 11701 father ofPetosms 84 . 103.ammo. 121. 1 5 , 33.

epqu fdac sonofApollonius 42. 8.

91168 120. 121 69.

V111. PERSONAL NAMES

S pitefather of Demetrius 86 . 6, 8, 16.

906 7 12 105 . 3, 14, 19, 60.

96m61 (a). 64, 1 2 1 62. 33, 62 ; 94 . 2 .

96msonof Kentisis 84 . 225 .

6 5 6 1: father of Petesuchus 8 8 . 46.

96mfather ofPsenesis 98 introd.9 6m:also called Theonfather of Dionysiusalso called Petosiris 109 . 1 , 1 1 .

‘

16paefather ofHermias 120. 2 2 .

‘

lau 'oas father ofHicatidas 80. 31 .

‘

Imr t'6as sonofHicatidas 80. 3 1.his: sonofHorus 91. 20.

father of Piusis 18 9.

7 71060172 6ml °

Ao°

xhq1ruibqs 24. 84.

7 7106641 father of Marres 8 5 . 40, 46, 5 2.

'

Ip 060772 11001 01561102 115 . 30.

‘

Iflo66qc topogrammateus. See Index V.

'

I1rop&1° father ofHorus 98 . 34.

’

b 096 9 father of Orsenouphis 82. 18, 4 1 .

111112012 paxmpodx ipos 39 . 23.

"11mm119 . 1 I .

final e: 120. 105 ; 121. 1 23.

‘Imrmv 88 . 9.

'

1¢n'

60ros 121. 19 209 .

’

lmd¢'opadaughter of M icion82. 28 .

sonof N ilus 123 . 2, 10.

’1012 goddess 7 8 . 15 .

102. 1 .

207767110 11agent of Apollonius r'

ryo6mm112.

introd.’

laxvpt’av father of Maron82. 1 1.

Kaharfir ts 118 . 1 .

KM “ father ofAmbesis 9o. 5 .

1162111e sonofArchibius 121. 1 2 1 .

Rake-ramsonof Br ius 108 . 38.

KaAae father of Marres 18 . introd.M uf fins father of Pasis the elder andyounger 61 (a). 90, 91 ; 62. 2 19, 227 ;68 . 167, 1 7 2 ; 84 . 87 ; 98 . 1 13, 1 1 5 .

100. 1 1 ; 108 . 3.

father of Philox enus 61 23972. 1 7 7 ; 8 5 . 92.

KaAAtxpéz-qc sonof Philox enus 62. 40 68 .

40.mmpérqs sonof Ptolemaeus 62. 45 ; 68 .

43°

8 . 1 2.

( M fume 241.

625

ma: sonof Cephalon189.

8 111162 sonofHarphaésis 118 . 5 .

Kara: sonof Petosiris 61 (a). 73 ; 62. 192,193marg. ; 68 . 154 ; 98 . 88.

Kaoim: fatherofPetermouthisand Petesuchus5 8 . 1 2.

Karat 108 . 9.

Kéo'rwp 108 . 14.

[£60v sonof Pnepheros 61 (a). 86 ; 62.

200.

Kamau( father of Petesuchus 121. 130.

Kar im: 8 5 . 2 .

Kar im: father of Katutis 8 8 . 18 94. 1 2 ;97 . 2 1 .

Kar im: sonof Katutis 88 . 1 7 94 . 12

97 . 2 1.

Kar im: sonofOnn0phris 8 8 . 40.

Kar im: sonofPausiris 8 5 . 84.

Kar in: sonof Sisouchus 94 . 10.

Kar im: sonof Thoteus 81. 9.

Kemfla: father of Pnepheros 96 . 1 5 .

Kenawt: also called Apolloniadaughter ofHeraclides 104 . 1 , 10.

Kc'

r ns sonof Horus 84 . 89 ; 8 5 . 60, 6394. 1 .

Kew‘

imr sonOf Horus 88 . 23.

Krw‘

im: father of Thonis 84 . 225 .

K:pa( father of Nephoreges 118 . 1 1.

Kepx ( father ofHarities 121. 1 10.

8 21110115 2 37 . 2 .

sonof Petesuchus 61 (a). 60 ; 62.

167 ; 68 . 142 ; 64 (a). 138 ; 84 . 101

97 introd. ; 98 . 67 17 4 .

Krtfiahlaw 108 . 36.

father of Calus 189 .

Kew iaw x ex upuu‘

os f t)? x exmpw'

pc'mv 1196006011

7 6 . 3.

Ketfiaht'aw father of Petesokon 61 16 ;6 7 . 96.

father of Petesokonouris 91. 13.

father of N earchus 80. 27 .modem-to: father of Theobulus 99. 67.

neonarpa. See Index II .Raine90. 26.

Komrv( )father of Salmon90. 8.

KoAAo664: 8 5 . 8, 1 2 108 . 25 ; 15 9 .

M 669: father of Besis 8 7 . 49.

Kohhq shoovpotptfihaé 90. 40.

KOM O'SGQS father of Harpsethis 61 (a). 7 262. 190 ; 68 . 1 5 7 ; 98 . 25 , 94.

626 I NDI CE S

father ofHorus 114. 3.

father of Horus the younger 61 (a).75 ; 62. 196 ; 68 . 1 56.

sonof Horus ( 1)60. 107 61 (a).88, (b). 290, 293 ; 62. 224 ; 68 . 1 7 1

84 . 205 ; 9 7 introd. ( 2)70. 69. Calledson of Phatres 68 . 2 18. (3) 1)8 5 .

1167016664: father ofOrsenouphis 81. 12 .

son of Petosiris 61 (a). 93 ; 62.

231 ;father of Sisouchus 8 5 . 89.

Kopayds of Alabanda7 9. 1 7 6!map.Kopavds son of N icon99. 5 5 .

father of Chaeremon121. 1 22 .

d ml' sonof Pechusis 61 (a). 133 ; 62. 29768 . 220 ; 84 . 5 7 .

116666 6 112. 80 ; 114 . 13.

Kuwai t father ofHorus 5 8 . 3.

Kdvaw (f)90. 44.

Karrpiar 189 .

Kdrv: 22. 7, 14 ; 185 .

Kdrv: father of Cronides 90. 42 .

X ér us father of Horus 84 . 4 ; 119 . 7, 9, 13,

35Kovhéir ( i)108 . 2 ; 119. 26.

Koii-rts son of Teos 121. 104.

Kpar im: father of Chaeremon61 (a). 38 ;62 . 136 ; e4 (u). 97 ;

Kpérow 24. 88, 89.

Kpt'

raw 86 . 1,1 2 ; 120. 13 ; 181 ; 228 . Cf.

Index VI .Kpovioq: 96 . 2 1 ; 108 . 1 1 120. 80.

ri parian: son of Cotys 9o. 42 .

Kpovtbq: son of Hermon120. 1 19, 1 5 1 .

Kpovlbq: rrpoovérn: 120. 1 29.

Kpdmrs dpx 1¢vhax irqaSee Index V.

Kai»: 116 . 4, 20, 50.

1111661: sonof Phatres 61 (a). 133 62. 229 ;68 . 2 1 8 ; 70. 70 ; 84 . 20.

A67 6 : father of Apollonius 8 5 . 50.

Afiyos (or Anya»: . sonof Diodorus 62. 103 ;68 . 86 ; 64 a). 40 ; 98 . 5 6.

Adm» father of Ammonius 116 . 7 .

Asmara: 122. 1 .

111011267 0: 7 9 . 1 .

Arorfl'

oltos father of Leon62. 7 1 68 . 63.

Acovfl'

oxos father of Leontiscus 240.

Aron-fox es son of Leontiscus 240. an

Mar in): sonof Stratonicus 61 (a). 7, 15 ;68 . 109 ; 64 (a). 101 .

11:6s M c'

pp tor RomanSenator 88 . 3.

Ae’aw sonof Leontiscus 62. 7 1 68 . 63.

A tpvaior father Of Asc lepiades 83 . 78.

1117120202 sonof Asclepiades 88 . 84.

1161101° 48 . 18, 31 .

A620: sonof Zopyrion18. introd. ; 5 0. 6,1 1

,

23, 38 ; 84. 105 ; 15 1.

A620: sonof Seuthes 7 9 . 64.

Aw fpaxos sonof Chomenis 98 . 63.

Aw ipaxos sonof Pyrrhus 62. 63 ; 68 . 5 7 ;64 (a). 28.

M 670: 5 8 . 3.

Map[ father of Patus 119 . 49.

Mapapiimfather of Maron96 . 8 .

Mapdt'aw sonof Phao( 121. 1 1 5 .

Mapqu‘

imc 83 . 102 .

MM 81. 8.

Mappfi: 62. 1 5 , 2 19 ; 68 . 25 , 5 8 , 144 ; 64 (a).7 , 29 ; 84 . 2 1 2 ; 8 5 . 67 ; 98 . 55 , 64 ;98 . 30.

Mappr‘i: father ofAmenneus 97 . introd.

Mappv'i: Mmro¢6ha$ 15 9 .

Mappv‘

i: father ofHaruotes 8 5 . 49.

Mappfi: father ofHorus 8 8 . 1 2 .

Mappij: 1310300716:ml «pear-riches 81 401

Mappij: sonof Imouthes 8 5 . 40, 46, 5 2.

Mappv‘

i: sonofKalatutis 18. introd.Mappii: father of Marres 84 . 44.

Mappfi: sonof Marres 84 . 44.

Mappii: sonof Maruthisouchus 42. 2 .

Mappfi: sonof P 8 5 . 25 .

Mappfis sonof Paalous (i)94 . 24.

Mappfi: sonof Paapis 61 (a). 142 ; 62. 287

Mappiis sonof Pakurris 98 . 108 .

Mappfis wa0r0¢6por 7 2. 26.

Mappl'is sonof Pet[ 118 . 1 2.

Mappa: father of Petermouthes (same asfollowing ?)8 5 . 1 15.

Mappa: father of Petermouthis 84 . 33, 214 ;8 5 . 18 .

Mappa: sonof P et ?)ermouthis 86 . 5 3.

Mappfi: father 0 Petos 18 . introd 84 . 2 1

(called father of Petofls), 207.Mappii: sonofPetos48 . 13 ; 84 . 104, 156, 160.Mappfi: sonof Petosiris 18 . introd. ; 5 6. 3

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628 I NDICE S

N e’apxoc sonofCleogenes

Nan-

0 2619 sonof Horus ( 1)catoecus 617 ; 62. 97 ; as. 8 1 ss. 84. (2)amt

N cmv‘

ifics father ofOnn0phrisN cmvi'fits sonof PanoupisN ear sonofPetermouthis 3andnote.

Natrcvi'fiu' father of Petesuchus 84 . 1 7, 203v

N ew cv'

fficc father of Pholemis 68 . 169.

Nancv‘

c‘

Bcs sonofPokrouris 61(b). 58Nun-amenalsocalled Maronsonof Petosirisalso called Dionysius 61 (a). 40 ;

84. 1 1 5 , 1 24.

Noam-61cmfather ofHorus 93 . 5 2 .

N eon-acme father of Petosiris 61 (b). 16 ;6 7 . 95 .

Nmopcbpqs sonofHorusN ¢¢0¢povms (elsewhere called E tphemounis)sonofAmortaeus 92.

uapmxoafather of Amounis 61 (a). 96 62.

237 ;Napopqyfic sonofKera( 118 . 1 1 .

c owot‘

xbw father ofPetermouthis 68 . 14.

N tfioirar 121. 97.N tflot'ras father ofDemetrius 23 . 4 86. 96.

f atos father of Apollonius 108 . 6.

N u dw p 99 . 53 ; 116 . 1 1, 53 ; 209.

d vop dpx 1¢vhax ffl7mSee Index V.

N u dmp father ofHeracleus 8 5 . 16, 32, 42.

N u dmp sitologus 128 . 5 .

N utrimr 224 .

e fac 103 . 5 .

Nada: sonofAntipatrus 83. 75 .N u darparos

N isansonof Amenneus 49 . 5 .

N ina» father of Apollonius 90. 27 229.

N ina» father of Comanus 99 . 5 5 .N ina» father of Ptolemaeus 8 5 . 146.

N ikos father of Isidorus 123. 2, 10.

Nikos father of Ptolemaeus 120. 32 , 5 7.N ikos sonof Ptolemaeus 97 . 20.

Novpr'

pws 118 . 5 ; 120. 1 1 2 209 .

Novpr'

pmor sonof Apollonius 8 6 . 1 1 7.

Novp r'

pms father of Dionysius 120. 6, 1 23.

l i ve» ,Hrohepaiosml 2. ( ‘ypappcrcir ra'iw pox :

pmv)61 339. Cf. Index VI .

sonofM icion82. 34.

'

Oxofvts father of Petesuchus 90. 33.

'

Ow6¢ptr 6 . 2 ; 61 (a). 5 1 , 56, 101 , 1 19, 134 ;68 . 49 ; 64 (a). 22 ; 67 . 85 ; 98. 1 , 4, 5 718 8 .

‘

0m‘

5¢pu father ofHarmiusis 108 . 37 .

'

Ow&¢pts sonofHorus 91. 9.

‘

0w&¢pcc father ofKatutis 8 8 . 40.

’

0w&¢pcs sonof M estasutmis 61 (a). 1 13 ;62. 259 3 68 . 195 ; 186 .

'

0w£1¢ptc sonof Nektenibis 8 8 . 18.

’0w&¢prc sonofOrsenouphis 108 . 30.

'

0w&¢pcc sonof Petechon97 . 16.

'

On6¢pts sonofPeteharpsenesis 18 . introd8 4. 5 1

'

Ovvd1¢pcs sonof Petermouthis 61 (a). 9462. 233 ; 68 . 1 76 ; 98 . 22.

’

0n6¢pts father of Petesuchus 86 . 139.

'

Ovvfi¢p¢s father of Petosiris sumamed Dekarpus 230.

’

0w6¢p¢c father of Phag'ates 84 . 39.

sonof Phattes 66 . 67 .'

0w64>p¢s sonof Teos 84. 2 13.head: 90. 30.

011-M:5 4 . I .

Orhoqvov( 108 . 1ntrod.

WW W»: 62. 1 7 ; 68 . 27 ; 64 (a). 8 ; 82.

38 8 8 . 35 , 45 ; 98 . 32. Cf. Index VI I (a).sonof Akoris 88 . 30.

dpx e'

tfioBor 90. introd.’

0pooo6¢u father ofHarnotes 8 5 . 37 , 39.

father of Horus ( 1)61 (a). 102 ;62. 246 ; 68 . 184 ; 98 . 1 . (2)at Magdola8 8. 7 (called Orses), 8.

’

Opawofl¢w sonof Inaros 82. 18, 40.

'

0pam6¢ac sonofKollouthes 81. 1 2.

‘

omemaqbrc father of Onn0phrisand Pa08!thu thes 108 . 30.

’0p¢rm6¢u sonof Paapis 81. 14.

’

0pmm6¢rs sonof Petosiris 8 8 . 5 7.’

0p¢mo6¢1s sonof SokonOpis 88 . 38.'

Op¢fiis 120. 31 , 94.

’

Op¢rijs father ofHarchupsis 88 . 1 8.’

0pm} s sonof Haronnesis 61 (a). 1 24 ; 62.

28 1 ; 68. 202 ; 64 (b). 26 ; 7 2. 237.’

0pm‘ir father ofHarpnoutis 81. 1 5 .

’

opaiie fatherofHorus ( 1)61 1 7 67 . 96

97 . 18 169. (2)at Magdola88 . 7 , 8

(called’

0po-ijs father ofOrses 62. 236, 238.

V111. PERSONA L NAMES

’

0pm‘;c sonofOrses 62. 236, 238.

’

0pa$c father of Pasos 61 (a). 1 23 ; 62. 27768 . 201 ; 98 . 24.

'

opai e father of Petesuchus 8 7 . 5 .

'

0po-ijs~ sonof Pokrouris 88 . 59.

'

Opo'?72 father of Psenosiris 88 . 24.

’

Op¢fijc father of Thoteus 70. 66 98 . 70.

'

Oa'ip u' god 140.

’apoapcc basilico-

grammateus. See Index V.

II father of Marres 8 6 . 25 .

Ila[. sitologus 169.

M 017: father of Marres 94 . 24.

[ 1061112 24 . 89.mamfatherofMarres 61 (a). 142 62. 287 ;

naamfather ofOrsenouphis 81. 14.

Hayxpdrr/c 116 . 3 I .

11q rrpds rfia'w rriéu . See Index V.

Baas sonofPsentamounis 88 . 53.

1111601: 224.

1108661: sonof Pasos 90. 10.

noose“father of Phaesis 98 . 13.

Hoflfifits father of psais 88 . 10.

Hadfifits sonof Teephraius 8 7 . 26, 47.Dawn: 80. 3.

Hate father of Hyllus 61 (a). 89 ; 62. 225 ;

Hankijfics 121. 68.

Hax iipp u' father of Marres 98 . 108.

naxappcs father of Petesuchus 84 . 1 1 2 ; 98 .

64.

Dunbar-os 120. 9.

1111116012 120. 43.

nd kapoamsonofHorus 86 . 15 3.

M v . [ 8 4 . 22 1 .

Ham-fink father of Pasis 8 8 . 20.

nayonp sonofHorus 80. 26.

névoqp sonofPhramenis 24. 92.

116m120. 6 1 .

naropoas father ofHarmal‘s 62. 291 68 . 2 13.

Called Patorses 61 (a). 144.

Damian: father of Nektenibis 82. 2 1 .

lldwavxor father ofArtabas or Artabazus orArtabazas 62. 95 ; 68 . 80 ; 64 (a). 33 ;85 . 7 7 14 5 .

ndnavxos father ofM enandrus 81 . 3, 1 2 , 16 ;66 . 25 14 5 .

llémwxoc father of Pantauchus 62. 34 ; 68 .

37 ; 64 (a). 18 ; 84 . 1 75 , 182 ; 15 2.

nénavxoc sonofPantauchus 62. 34 ; 68 . 3764 (a). 18 ; 84 . 1 74,

Hdvrw xor father of Heracles 108 . 3.

Haw ( )120. 98.

11aa00v[ ]o-nsonofOrsenouphis 108 . 31 .

Harrwfin'

ins sonofAsphis 286 .

Harwefir i'ms sonof Pasis 61 (b). 58.

nmfiramsonof Sokens 118 . 7 169.

B urma: 61 (a). 94 ; 62. 265 .

navomf‘oc sonofPachrates 121. 107 .

Harrowo‘i r sonof Sentheus 108 . 28.mit er 121. 28.

Hapfle'vws 61 37 (identical withthefollowingnapOe'mos strategus. See Index V.

I laofifitc sonof Phountis or t ouis 8 5 . 26.

1160 12 61 (a). 68, 138 es. 185 .

namfather of Chales 8 7 . 5 7 .

115mfather ofBiod[ 86 . 44.

113mfather ofHarempsons 68 . 14.

116mne’yac, son of Kalatutis 61 (a). 90 ;62. 22 7 ; 68 . 1 7 2 ; 98 . 1 1 5 .

1160 19 pu pdc, sonof Kalatutis 61 (a). 91 ;62. 2 19 ; 68 . 167 ; 84 . 87 ; 98 . 1 1 3.

name sonofPanetbeus 8 8 . 20.

name father of Papnebtunis 61 (b). 5 8.

father of Pasis ( 1)66 . 69. ( 2)7 6 . 1 5 .

sonof Pasis ( 1)66 . 69. ( 2) 7 6 . 15 .

11601: father OfPeteesis 61 (a). 56 82. 163 ;68 . 138 ; 64 (a). 134.

new sonof Petesuchus 50. 2 84. 100,

108, 205 ; 94. 27 .

name sonof Petosiris 85 . 1 14, 132 .

115mfather ofPhatres 84. 54 ; 91. 18 ; 98 .

2 1 169.

115msonof Phembroeris 8 7 . 3, 78 , 92.

new father of SokonOpis 61 (a). 1 2 2 ; 62.

275 ; 68 . 207.

1160 1: sonOf SokonOpis 13 . introd. ; 61 (a).103 ; 62. 248 ; 68 . 185 ; 64 (b). 28 ; 98 .

13.

11110511 sonof Orses 61 (a). 1 23 ; 62. 27 7 ;68 . 201 ; 98 . 24.

11206 2 father ofPathebis 90. 10.

11110612 pe'

yac, sonof Phanesis 61 (a). 1 18 ;Bacar purpdc, sonof Phanesis 61 (a). 1 2 1

62. 274 ; 63. 200 ; 185 (called sonofPhaesis).

Hard” : 4.

630 INDI CE S

nar i‘pmsonofAchilleon121. 103.

Hampcfic. See Hampnijc.1167 02 sonofHorus 119. 2 .

116msonof Mar[ 119 . 49.

1161110» 84 . 2 10.

nérpmsonofDionysius 104 . 34.

1161720 , sonof Ptolemaeus 106 . 5 3, 68 .

1161710 11 sonof Taas (f)81. I .

naraa‘icmalso called Petermouthis son of

Phembroeris 68 . 17 .Bar-17m: 90. 40 ; 108 . 13 ; 120. 49 ; 229.

nor-6msonofHarphaesis 108. 35 .

1111145112 sonof Moschion108 . 32 .

Darfmr sonof Sthotes 120. 1 7 , 5 6.

navoam'as sonof Apollonius 85 . 35 .

nm‘

c‘

prc 106 . 3, 14, 19, 6 1 ; 121. 16.

ncua‘

ipts sonofHarmiusis 62. 42.

navatpcs father ofKatutis 65 . 84.

nava‘ipcc sonof Senapunchis 89. 25 .

11260 12 father of Naaraus 108 . 26.

flaxpdrmfather of Papontos 121. 107 .nax c‘i s father of Pesuthes 61 (a). 1 1 7 ; 62.

266 ; 68 . 199 ; 98 . 20.

Rainm98 . 2 1 .

IIaa‘ims fatherofHorus 61 (a). 1 14 ; 62. 264

110811112 sonof Petesuchus 61 (a). 137 ; 62.

30 1 68 . 222 (called sonof Petes); 6424.

11116 111: 3011 ofPhembroéris 87 . 69.

I la-“i s father ofAcusilaus 68 . 9.

11062 father of M estasutmis 6 8 . 18.

De . pamc 62. 147.

nefiofipts father ofPetesuchus 60. 3.

nex u s: father ofHorus 106 . 14.

E thni c 119. 5 5 .

120. 133.

nquvi s 61 (b). 4 10, 418. Calledmu pas 72.

420.

umpac72.420. Calledq '

is 4 10, 418.amps. father of Penemasis 88 . 26.

umpc‘imc sonofE rgeus 88. 22.

newpamc sonof Penemas 88 . 26.

neppowcs (l. Hflcppowtc father of Marres8 6 . 53.

fliprokltor (1)so. 18.

11602411: 121. 1 1 , 7 7.R ec ei pts,

'

0posml 11. See Index VI .more: father ofPetosiris 83 . 3.

1110q sonof Fachos 61 (a). 1 1 7 ; 62. 266 ;63 . 199 ; 98 . 20.

Us 103 . 22.

I I father of Marres 118 . 1 2.

nc’rahoc father of Dorus 62. 76 ; 68. 67 .115mmfather of Heras 14 . 3.

Hermppt'vrqs sonofHarpaEsis 81. 2.

nmap¢p§is father of Aroteius 12. 5 .

Hampi revqms 84 . 2 26.

narcapqmijms fatherofOnn0phris 18 . introd.64. 5 1 .

1111 2162 103 . 34.

Barrio-ts 196 .

[ 161-26012 sonofHarchupsis 8 5 . 62, 63, 66 .

Denim: sonofHorus 80. 8 ; 82. 19.

Boniface sonOf Pasis 61 (a). 56 ; 82. 163 ;68 . 138 ; 64 (a). 134 ; 98 . 6 1.

nmfirmfather ofPetermouthis 68. 14.

[ Ia-aims father of Phaésis 91. 2 1 98. 6 .

nmficmsonofPhaésis 8 5 . 58 , 74.

11011601: father Of Phthaus 61 (a). l 19 ; 63 .

270 68 . 203.

Ila-cams sonof Psenobastis 82. 20.

Her-oly ra: 8 5 . I I I

84 . 15 5 .

Ila-emotions sonof Petesuchus 68 . 1 2 , 16 .

nor-W 661): father of Pnepheros 62. 23.

[ In-

emotions sonof Pnepheros 61 72

72. 49 (called Hweppowqt).Baum: 181.

1117 0t 8 5 . 1 28.

Her cu dm'ir 5 7 . 1 .

father ofHorus 98 . 44.

net-mew” father of Petenephies ( 1) 68 . 7 ;64 (a). 6. ( 2)at Magdola82. 16, 32.

nmmpciis sonof Petenephie's ( r) 63 . 764 (a). 6. ( 2)at Magdola82. 16, 32 .

Herq ac father of Petosiris 67 . 22.

“67 0013111 9 88 . 22 .

nerevoapw father ofHarmiusis 84 . 99.

sonof Marres 85 . 1 15 .

umppoéoqs sonof Pnepheros. See nom410150171.

[ 167 2711106012 82. 65 , 124 ; 88 . 42 ; 80. 6 ; 284 .

sonof achos[ Irreppowcr sonOfAmenneus 84 . 16 1.

nmppoaac the younger, sonof Amenneus63. 35 ; 64 (a). 1 7.

sonofKaoutis 5 3. 1 1 .

HmppoWwsonofMarres 2 14 ; 85 . 18 .

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632

Denvoopiims sonof Horus 8 5 . 2 1 29, 85 ,

nmxau sonof E rigeus 88 . 49.

nmxav father of Horus 81. 3 ; 62. 1 2 1 ;

84 . 30 ; 116 . 2 2 .

Her ex é'

wfather OfOnn0phris 97 . 16.

nmxav father of Petechon8 6 . 133.

I la-ex es sonof Petechon8 5 . 133.

Dnex é'

wfather of . s 70. 7 1 .Uncx i wfather of Teos 118 . 6.

Herex é'

w father of Teos the younger 18 .

introd.

111 father of PaOpis 68 . 22 2 ( identicalwithPetesuchus father of PaOpis).

Hmoipcs 6 1 (a). 5 8 62. 70 ; 8 8 . 67 ; 108 .

7 , 8 1 128 . 3.

ncm‘

ipcs sonof Amenneus 84 . 73 ; 98 . 65 .

[ 111-w ipes father of Anempeus 84 . 162 ; 97 .

13.

Hmo'

t'

pts sonof AnempeusHerompts c’rrrxahot'rmmAexdprros (or 83 Kriprros)

sonofOnn0phris 280.

Heroofpts also called Dionysius father of

N ektsaphthisalso called Maron61 (a).40 ; 62. 1 10 ; 84 .

Herorfiptsalsocalled Dionysius sonof Theonalsocalled Thonis 109 . 1 , 1 1 .

ncroo‘

ipcs father of Harchupsis 61 (a). 70 ;62. 186 ; 68 . 1 5 2 ; 114 . 9.

1117 007411: 8011 of Harkoiphis 18 . introd. ;2 2 84. 19, 35 , 204, 2 15 ,

ncroaipmfather of Harmiusis 8 8 . 24 149

247 Called Humps:111-rec ip e father of Harphaésis 64 . 5 5 , 96 ;97 . 1 7 ; 247 .

1117 01174111 father of Harsutmis 18 . introd. ;61 (a). 74 ; 62. 194 ; 6 8 . 15 5 ; 98 . 90.

Hemiprs fatherofHorus 8 5 . 1 2 2 ; 98 . 31 .

neroa‘

ipcc sonof Horus 18 . introd. 66 . 80 ;7 8 . 13.

ncrooiptc father of Kanoa61 (a). 73 ; 62192 , 193marg. ; 68 . 154 ; 98 . 88.

neroo‘

ip u father of Kollouthes 61 (a). 93 ;62. 231 68 . 1 75.nww ‘

ipw father of Maron64 . 19.

Hem'

ipts father of Marres 18 . introd. ; 8 6 . 384. 37 , 40, 2 20 ; 8 5 . 5

94 . 20.

Deroo'

ipcs sonof N eoptolemus 61 16 ;6 7 . 95 .

I NDICES

1117 002c father ofOrsenouphis 88 . 5 7.

umtprs father of Pasis 8 5 . 1 14, 1 32 .

BM W sonof Pechusis 88 . 36.

Hem'

ipcs sonof Pestos 88 . 3.

ncmipcc sonofPetenephiés 67 . 22.

ncroc ‘

ipu sonof Petesuchus 116 . 1 2 .

nmaiprc father of Phaésis 18 . introd. ; 68 .

69 ; 91. 23 ; 98 . 1 .

nmip u sonofPhibis 96 . 22.

nnootprc father of Phramenis 18 . introd. ;84 . 23, 26, 208, 2 13.

Hmipts father of Sokmenis 67 . 4.

neroa‘

ipcc father of Thotortaeus 84 . 103.

Demo?” father of T imothea84 . 2 19.

I la-par sonofTheon clmops64 (a). 73 ; 84 . 98, 107 ; 146 .

1117 01133 0)or Tothoés father of PhagathesDumper father ofHarmiusis. See111e father ofHorus 84 . 91. 24

° 98 .

37news: father of Marres 48 . 13 ; 84 . 104,

Heras sonof Marres 18 . introd. ;

(called Hermi e), 207 .[ In-81° father of Petesuchus 88 . 20.

111-ras topogrammateus. See Index V.

1111-1161 sonof Marres. See 11min sonofMarres.

18 . introd. ; 94. 26.

nex i on father of Komon61 (a). 133 ; 62.

297 ; 68. 2 20 ;111x 60 1: father of Petosiris 88. 36.

1111167111 father of Amounis 61 (a). 95 ; 62235 ;

111 1100062 8 8 . 29.

Hivdapos 90. 35 , note.

111106: father ofApollonius 60. 29.mam: (P)sonof Imiseumatos 18 9 .

umpire 68 . 30 ; 64 (a). 10 ; 8 8 . 60 ; 94 .

28 ; 98 . 38.

fln¢¢p€n father of Castor 61 (a). 86 ;220.

M ops: sonofKekeubu 96 . 15 .

1111141171611 father of M elas 102. 1 .

11,101c sonof Paous 40. 3.

11111411c father of Petermouthes or Peteirnouthes 61 (b). 72 ; 72. 49.

1111101c sonofPeteimouthes 62. 23.

1121960716 : 611-

wins 186 .

84. 2 1

VI I I . PERSONAL NAMES

Du pofiptr father of Nektenibis 61 58 ;7 2. 209.

nonpoapu father of01503 88 . 59.

Dohrpox pdflpt 91. 1 2 .

111111711» 21. 1 , 13 ; 90. 22

1101171“ sonof Ammonius 61 (a). 36 ; 62.

1 28 , 133 ; 1 18 ; 64 (a). 64, 94 ;7 5 . 8 ; 84 . 12 1 ; 24 5 .

noképov epistates. See Index V .

néflpos (Psonof PolemonsonofAmmonius)106 . 13.

Dohc'mw 6 oral Harmflxos komogrammateus.See Index V.

noh'pov father of Theon88 . 5 5 .

Hoke’

pov sonof Theon88 . 14.

1111117111» toparch. See Index V.

father of Chales 81. 1 1 .

11611110: or 11011111111 father of Apollophanesnopcyflijs sonof Apunchis. See nape-yc

'

fidts.

Dopeye'

BOu11117117 66811 sonof Apunchis 61 (a). 67 (called

62. 180 (called Doq qs)’

149 ; 96 . 78 ;Hdprts 127 .

sonof Portus 164 .

Hdpros father of Portis 164 .

Heartburn-os 5 9 . 1 , 15 ; 86 . 10 1 .

IIoca'dtmros father of Heracleus 46 . 15 ; 46

1 2 ; 47 . 9.

1100018152102 116 . 40, 53.Hooabémor father of Apollonius basilicograrmnateus 80. 2.

noaabévmfather of Apollonius ( 1)68 . 9 ;84 . 184. ( 2)at Magdola82. 25 .

111101 186 1110: logeutes 90. 39.

( 1001186 210: 117162p 120. 60.

1108711: father of Apunchis 18 . int10d. ; 61 (a).87 ; 62. 222 ; 68 . 1 70.

114110 par tsalso called Apollonius father ofA thenais also called Athermouthis 109 .

3, 1 2.

BM 90. 37. 431111630103 180.

1171011161hipparch61 (b). 353 ‘

1111611t (f)8 8 . 48.

llpc'mrpxos 98 .

npa'o-rapxoc sonof Dionysius 68 .

101°

64 (a). 5 7 ; 97 . introd.np6 (rapxosP)father ofHermias

nrox epatos 18 . 2 ; 28 . 1 ; 61 (b). 279 ; 72.

463 ; 80. 30 ; 99. 53 ; 112. 84 ; 119. 46 ;120. 25 , 90.

111-0117111201 father ofAchilleus 7 9 . 2 7 .1110117110201 8011ofAcusilaus 117 . 40.

111-ohmic : priest of A lexander 17 6 .

111-ohmic: father ofAmmonius 88 . 6 1 .

nmhpa‘ios father of Apollodorus 61 241 ;62. 84 ; 68 . 7 2 ; 84 . 1 2 2, 131 .

nrox epaios father of Apollonius ( 1) Apollonius catoecus 62. 88 ; 68 . 75 65 .

5 7 148 . ( 2)Apollonius ephodus 18 .

introd. ; 61 (a). 45 ; 62. 1 5 5 ; 68 . 13 1 ;64 (a). 1 22 72. 179 ; 98 . 42. (3)Apollonius yap-m8 5 . 22, 2 7 . (4)96 . 4.

nrox cpaioc sonof Apollonius ( 1)q po¢61a£61 7 , 8 ; 68 . 8 1 . (2)catoecus 62. 88 ;68 . 75 ; 105 . 14.

Drokqmios father ofArtemidorus 8 8 . 84.

nrokqm'ios father ofAsclepiades ( 1) 82. 18

68 . 7 7 ; 84 . 1 53 ; 248 .

( 2)at Magdola88 . 63.

111 sonof Asclepiades ( 1) 24. 82.

( 2)82. 24.

nrokepa‘ios Baodtnfis. See Index I I .nrox epa‘ioc basilico-

grammateus. See Index V.

nrohpai‘os fatherofCallicrates 62. 45 68 . 43.

nrox epa‘ioc father ofDidymus 104. 35 .

nrohepa‘ios sonof Didymus 101. 3.

Hrokrpai'

os father of Diocles 90. 30.

111-ohmic: dioecetes. See Index V.

nrokepa‘ioc father of Dionysius ( 1)Dionysiuscultivatorat Magdola82. 27 . (2)Dionysius r poo

'rdr f f): u xmpwm'm11710066011

61 (b). 1 22 , 1 23 ; 66 . 5 ; 74. 43;111-ohmic : sonof Dionysodorus 8 5 . 68.

111-ohmic»: father ofDositheus 7 9 . 78 .

B rahma?“ epimeletes. See Index V.

nrokcpa‘ios father ofHarmais 8 7 . 72 .

nrohpa‘ios father of Harmiusis 61 (a61 ;62. 169 ; 68 . 139 ; 64 (a). 140, 20

,

23 ; 84 94.

Hre pa‘ios sonofHarpalus 80. 6.

117 0112111111 8011 ofHeracleus 90. 1 5 .

nroltma‘ioc father ofHeraclides 7 9 . 77.nrox epaios sonofHeraclides 29 . 4.

nrox epa‘

ioc sonofHerodes 68 . 77.nroxma‘ios sonofHeron116 . 56.

nrox cpaios agent of komogrammateus 81.

introd.

634 I NDI CE S

nrohpa‘ios sonof M egacles111-0111111201 father of M eniscus 61 (a). 44,

7 ; 7 2. 247 .

B rokepa‘ior sonof M eniscus 61 (a).

44, 256 ; 62. 1 5 2°

64 (a7 5 . 1 2 ;

98 . 44°

111-0117111201 sonofN icon6 5 . 146.

Hrokcpa'ios father of N ilus 97 . 20.

nrokqua‘ios sonof N ilus 120. 31 , 5 7 .

Hrohqtaios ital S ivan, ypammr e'is pax t'paw

61 (a). 1 10, 339 ; 62 . 256 ; 68 . 192 .

Cf. Index VI .nrokcpa‘ios father of Patron105 . 53.

Hrol cpaios d tai Umaofixoc sonof Apolloniusalso called Haruotes 105 . 1 ctmap ; 106 .

1atmap ; 15 8 .

Urokepa‘ios sonof PhanesisDrokma‘ios sonofPhilinus 61 10,

Hrokmatos father of Ptolemaeus ( 1)( 2)96 . 1 2 . (3)99. 50, 64. 3.

nmx epa‘ioc son of Ptolemaeus ( 1)(a)so u ( 3)99 6.

flrokepaios father of Pyrrhus 81 78 ;64 (a). 27 .

nrox cpa‘ios son of Sarapion 62. 10 1 , 1048 118 5 1 68 85 ; 37 ; 98 5 5

B rokepa‘io: sonof Sentheus 61 (a). 1 1 5 ° 62.

26 1 ;Ilrokrp t

’

lfos sitologus 15 8 .

Ilrohcpai'os strategus. See Index V.

Hrokepafos sonof T008 24 . 83.

Dfohepafos father Of Teres 105 . 5 2.

Hrokqm’ios father ofTheon104 . 34.

nrokquains sonofTheon6 5 . 48 , 79, 82.

Dfiyx ts 164 .

nippcxos sonof Apunchis 97 . 23ni ppcxoc father of Dionysius 68 . 45 ;64 32 ;népmxos sonof Dionysius 4 5 . 14 ; 46 . 10 ;

v pos fatherofApollonius 61(a)2 7,295—6

l1v father ofD 86 . 4.

Hi ppos epistates. See Index V.

néppos sonof Ptolemaeusand father ofLysimachus 61 (b). 78 ; 68 .

(a) 27

M OM 8 6 . 34.

2111711111 sonofK0kku( 90. 8.

father of Petermouthis 28 5 .

Eapéms god 7 8 . I 4.

Sapam'aw 97 . 7 ; 116 . 56 ; 209 .

Sapam'msonOf Apollonius 01 48 7 2.

206.

2117101112111 6 1mpd r i s Bamh'rmqs 86 . 25 .

Eaparrfaw 77111719117 16: 112. 38, 104 , 1 18 , 1 19.

2117111111111» son of Dionysius and father of

Ptolemaeus 62. 101 , 104marg. ; 68 . 85- 37 ;as . 5 5

21171111110 11 father of Harmiusis 46 . 4 ; 98 . 1 7

(Pidentical), 18 5 .

2119111111111 father of Heracleus21172 11111111 father of Petesuchus 224

°

91. 2 .

21171111111» father of Sarapion 68 . 10 ; 84 .

185 .

21171111110 11 sonof Sarapion68 . 10 ; 84 . 185 .

211c sonofHeracleus 90. 18 .

21{ father of Demetrius 6 7 . 82.

211111141» father of Demetrius 64 (a). 2 1 .

Called father of Heraclides 68 . 49 ; 98 .

541

2111171161 son of Demetrius and father of

Heraclides 62. 5 3 ; 64 (a). 2 1 .

211113c father of Petesuchus also calledPeteuris 110. 1 .

2516111111: 80. 43, 44.

2¢pa{ 83. 76.

21110161 8011 ofHarphchoipis 8 5 . 43.

217181 151 sonof Marres 8 5 . 5 1 .

21 1{ 116 . 1 1.

2111111167 771: father of Sisoisand Pausma88 .

8, 25 .

26110562 84 . 29.

father ofDemas 91. 6 .

21110161 father of Demetrius 97 . 1 1 .

21 110161 father ofHarmiusis 91. 5 64 . 28.

21 116161 father ofPapontos 108 . 28.

21116161 sonofPetesuchus 7 8 . 10.

21110161 father of Ptolemaeus 61 (a). 1 15 ;21110162 father of Tothoes 97 . 1 2 ; 15 9 ; 164

(Tothes).20119 9062 123 . 3.

Ervfix ts 82. 43.

21711411111 father of Apollonius 85 . 41 .

2166171 father of Demas 45 . 3.

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636 INDI CES

T1 father of Theodotus 7 9 . 80.

T1716: 120. 26.

Ttpddrtos father OfHorus 93 . 28 169.

Trpddeos 81 1 1 2 7 2. 40.

d arparos sonof Sarapion105 . 7at saep.

T0077: father ofBriens 8 5 . 1 24, 1 29.

7 08131 father ofHarpaésis 8 5 . 75 .

T0062 sonof Sentheus. See

8 8 . 19 ; 14, 7 7.Toeoas sonof Cheuris 66 . 70.

sonofHorus 62. 1 27 .

father of Petesuchus 61 (a). 76 ; 62.

198 ; 68 . 1 58 ; 84 . 109 ; 97 . introd. ;

98 . 96.

T1100?» (corrected fromI la-crates (P))father ofPhagathes 96 . 24.

Todov‘

ic sonof Sentheus 87 . 1 2 ; 15 9 ; 164

(called T0017:Tosca. father 0 Sokonopis 8 7 . 85 .

T0617“: sonof Thoteus 80. 3.

Tp6¢a1mM otbdpoc of Berenice 17 6 .

1716aagent ofoeconomus 89. 1 1, 24.

Tépavvos priest 120. 1 28 .

"rul es sonof P218 61 (a). 89 ; 62. 2 25 ; 68 .

1 74.

01111768112 98 . 27 .

41111760171 sonof Tothoes or Petsaeus 96 . 24.

0117 117 17: father of M estasutmis 98 . 61 .

hydra: sonofOnn0phris 84 . 39.

84 . 2 1 2 ; 8 5 . 67 ; 84. 34. Cf. 211161 .

W I“? father ofHorus 61 (a). 7 7 62. 200 ;68 . 1 59 ; 98 . 98 .

111111 131 father of Haruotes 61 (a). 54 ; 62.

161 ; 68 . 136 ; 64 (a). 132 ; 98 . 10, 5 9.

111111171 sonof Sokens 61 (a). 80 ; 62. 207 ;68 . 162 ; 98 . 1 8 , 104.

6 11161 sonof Sokonopis 7 6 . 14.

1111165111: 61 (a). 103 ; 94 . 28 ; 200.

0115111: father of Haruotes 44 . 3 ; 7 8 . 1 7

6 115301: sonofHaruotes 7 8 . 10,1 7 ; 98 . 16.

6 11550 12 sonofHorus 98 . 26.

01151111 father of Pasos. See 01111311 11.1111151111 sonofPathebis 98 . 13.

«1111131112 father of Peteésis 8 5 . 58 , 74.

«111113111: sonof Peteesis 91. 2 1 98 . 6.

01113111: 8011 of Petermouthis 8 8 . 32 .

4 116111: 3011 of Petosiris 18 . introd. ; 68 . 69 ;91. 23 ; 98 . 1

, 5 .

011617 1: sonofPhibis 64 . 165 .

Qatapo: father of Apollonius 8 5 . 1 2 1 , 147 ,1 50.

4 11162 11001 1416110: 72. 26. Cf. 011-fi r.

“11111s (P)father of Bithys 90. 13.

Qahotis sonof Stotoctis 81. 20.

6 111113111: father of Pasos the elderand theyounger 61 (a). 1 18 , 1 2 1 62. 268, 2 74 ;68 . 200 ,

205 ; 185 (calledM ore father of Ptolemaeus 24 . 8 1 .

Qau 'as 80. introd.11111111111 strategu's and 3111 117100680 11andnomarch. See Index V.

Qaptiflys sonofPetesuchus 24 . 92 .

tarp? ” sonofArsinoe 5 2. 7 .

M p6: father of Harmiusis 61(a). 64 ; 62.

1 73 ; 68 . 147 ; 64 (a). 144, 6 2 1 ; 94 .

26 (Pidentical 9 8 . 6, 74.

sonof orus 61 (a). 78 ; 62. 202

68 . 160 98 . 100.

earpr‘is father of Labois 61 (a). 135 62 .

299 68 . 2 18 (called father of Kollouthes); 84 . 20.amps. father ofOnn0phris 66 . 67 .

«11111716: sonof Pasis 84 . 54 ; 91. 18 ; 98 . 2 1 ;18 8 .

41am( father of Mardion121. 1 15.M s sonofHorus 68 . 99 ; 64 (a). 49.Oopfipofipts god 8 7 . 108.

e fipofipts father of Paopis 8 7 . 69.

6 171671116711: father of Pasis 8 7 . 3 , 78, 92.

e flpofipts father of PetermouthisalsocalledPatsaisis 5 8 . 16 .

0171371017711: sonof Sohouo is 8 7 . 8 1 .111011171 sonof Peteésis 61 a). 1 19 ; 62. 270 ;

11161: father of Petosiris 96 . 22.

1111361: father of Phaésis 84 . 165 .

“ArmW 110: of Arsinoe Philadelphus187 .

M 1110: 61 74.

4111210 : father of Amphicles 6 1 72 .

38.

11117121111: father of Ptolemaeus 60. 5 8 ; 61

10,1 26, 1 28 ; 66 . 8 ; 6 7 . 92 ; 74. 45 ;

01111111“ 8011of Apollonius 104 . 1atmap.

452 66177101 7 8 . 73.

VI I I . PERSONAL NAMES

M arch: 8011 of Apollonius 289 .

od omérmsonofLeon18 . 10, 14, 2 1.

84 . 1 .

1111651 1111 father of Callicrates 62. 40 ; 68 .

40.

sonof Callicrates 61 239 72.

1 77 ; 8 5 . 92.

4117111111 7 8 . 86 ; 117 . 43 ; 15 1.

1110111 11 father ofDemetrius 99 . 66.

0111117 119 sonofDiodorus 7 8 . 67.

Qpc'

pms sonof Horus 61 (a). 59 ; 82. 1 75 ;68 . 145 ; 64 (a). 137 ; 84 . 90 ; 98 . 1 1 ,

7 2 .

071061: (corrected from1115 6111 11)father ofPascbis 8 5 . 26.

M 6111: sonof Nektenibis 63. 169.

6 11113111: father of Thoteus 61 (a). 8 1 62.

209 ; 68 . 163 ; 98 . 2, 106.

Oops-74301: sonofApunchis. See Hopq e’

fiéw.

110611012 sonofHorus 80. 25 .

«roams (corrected to071111311)father of Pasebis071111113111: father of Panther 24 . 92.

1117111711321: sonof Petosiris 18 . introd. ; 84 . 23,26, 208, 2 13.

11111711151. See Index VI .

Xatpfipwv 118 . I 8 ; 168:

111117113711» sonofAsclepiades 68 . 10.

Xatpr'mmv sonof Bithys 120. 1 53.

1111171131111» sonofComon121. 1 22 .

Xarpfipu v sonof Cratinus 61 (a). 37 ; 62.

135 ; 64 (a). 96 ; 84. 149.

11111706710 11 sonofDi[ 13.

Xarpr’mmv epimd etes. See Index V.

Xatpr'maw rrpdx rmp 34 . 7 .

111117113111» sonof Theon64 (a). 5 7 3 7 8 . 8.

Kukr‘

is sonof Pasis 8 7 . 5 7.

Xakac sonof Pollous 81. 1 1.

80. 1 1 .

Xapr'flov daughter of Artemidorus 82. 5 .

X ci'

vpts 62. 2 1 ; 68 . 29 ; 64 (a). 1 1 ; 8 6 . 5 7 ;as. 34 ; 207 .

X eiiptr father of Cheuris 62 . 2 14.

X eiiprs sonof Cheuris 62. 2 14.

x cfipw father of Petesuchus 66 . 72.X cfipcs sonof Sochotes 61 (a). 101 62. 244 ;

x eapu father of Teephibis 84 . 4 1.

1teu‘

q father ofTothOES 66 . 70.

10 181111 128 . 1 2.

father of Bithys 120. 1 18 , 1 2 1 .

sonof Petesuchus 8 6 . 42.

Xol éirts 118 . 6.

x opfim. See Index VI.Xopfimsonof Acrisius 61 (a). 5 7 ; 62. 165 ;68 . 140 ; 64 (a). 135 ; 94 . 1 2 ; 98 . 65 .

X opamfather of Lysimachus 98 . 63.

Kwuc sonof Petesuchus 91. 3.

xaxos (P) father of Acusilaus 120. 5 , 1 23 ;

X éhos (f)father of Dorion(f)128 . 1 ,

9 111117111611“ father ofHermon88 . 34.11112186117: father ofHarmiusis 285 .

‘I’mpya'm60. 20.

111111111166: father of Achoapis 6 . 2 .

‘I’o iims 8 5 . 30, 33.

11111117111: father of Ergeus 108 . 24.

‘I’evijms father of Briens 8 8 . 68.

1110 1317 11 son ofHorus 6 5 . 47, 8 1 .

11111161112 father of Psenesis 61 1 16 ; 62.

307 ; 84. 1 68 .

0111611 11 son of Psenesis 61 1 15 62. 307 ;84 . 168.

111111611 1: 8011 of Stephanus 61 (a). 136 62.

305 ; 68 . 2 26 ; 67 . 86 ; 84 . 45 , 222.

imam: son of Thonis 96 . introd.‘I’cvofida'u s 229.

1111 11086117 1: father of Peteesis 62. 20.

‘I’rvooipts sonof Orses 68 . 24.

{ fern-ami ne father Of P868 83 . 5 3.

1111114165 : father ofHermachorus 61 59, 60.‘I’omfis father of Marres 68 . 1 5 .

’01ms 5 8 . 5 .

‘

0p1'

11w 8 5 . 23 ; 116 . 48 ; 120. 1 25 .

‘npimson of Apollonius 105 . 1 el raep. ; 15 8 .

‘nplmson of Dionysius 8 5 . 100.

'

0pt'

ov son of T imothes 84 . 2 18 .

'opcs~ 61 (a). 38 ; 62. 82, 137 , 22 1, 226 68 .

42 ; 8 5 . 19 ; 94 . 34 ; 112. introd., 1 7118 . 14 ; 115 . 1 ; 45 , 46 ; 120. 134 ;164 .

'0pos son of Amenneus 119 . 7 .'opo1

~ basi lico-

grammateus. See Index V.

'0poc son of Cotys 84 . 4 ; 119. 7 , 9, 13.

'0po1

~ father of Haronnophris 61 (a). 143 ;62. 289 ; 68 . 2 1 2 ; 98 . 4.

638 INDICES

7 171101° father of Harphaésis 61 (a). 92 ; 62.

229 ; 68 . 1 73.

'

0pos sonofHarphaesis 61 (a). 82 62. 2 1 1

68 . 164.

'npo1~ father of HarSiESis ( identical withthefollowing ?)8 5 . 56.

'0poc sonofHarsiésis 64 (a). 5 ; 7 8 .

31 .

'0pos sonofHaruotes 44 . 1 1 .

'npo1 father of Horus 61 (a). 69 ; 62. 182 ;68 . 62

,150 ; 98 . 15 , 80.

'npoc sonofHorus 61 (a). 69 62. 182 68 .

62 , 1 50 ; 98 . 15 , 80.

'0pos father of 1108 91. 20.

'npoc father of Inaros 98 . 34.

'0pos father of Kentis 84 . 89 ; 8 5 . 60 ;

94 . 1 .

'0po1

~ father of Kentisis'npoc father of Kollouthes ( 1)61 (a). 88, 293 ;

13 1 (Pidentical); 97 .

introd. (2of ollouthes 114 . 3.

'0po1

~

711117162, sonof Kollouthes 61 (a). 75 ;'opos

° komarch. See Index V.

'0pos komogrammateus. See Index V.

'0pos sonofKounos 5 8 . 3.

'0pos

°sonof Marres 68 . 1 2 .

'0poc father of M estasutmis 61 (a). 79 ; 62205 ; 68 . 16 1 ; 94. 32 ; 98 . 102.

'0pos

~ sonof M icion18 . introd. ; 91. 10 ;

17 2.

Opes father of Nektenibis ( 1) Nektenibiscatoecus 61 7 , 8 ; 62. 97 ;66 . 84. ( 2) ektenibis Jrrrdpovpos 61 (a).85 ; 62. 2 1 7 ; 68 . 168 ; 67 . 8 7 ; 98 .

1 1 7 .

'opo1 sonof Neoptolemus 98. 5 2.

'0po1 father of Neporphres

'0po1 father ofOnn0phris'opoc sonof Orsenouphis ( 1) 6162. 246 ; 68 . 184 ; ( 2)at Magdola8 8 . 8. Called sonof Orses

'npac sonof Orses 61 1 7 6 7 . 96 ; 07 .

18 169 . Cf.'

0pos sonofOrsenouphis.'npos father ofPallamounis 8 5 . 153.hp : father of Panther 80. 26.

'

0p02 "007 04161102 72. 26.

'0poc father of Patus 119 . 2.'

0pos sonof Paopis 61 (a). 1 14 ; 62. 264

'0pos sonof Peltous 105 . 14.

'0pos xai Hw oiiptr. See Index VI.'0po1 sonof Petechon5 1. 3 ; 62. 12 1 84.

116 . 22 , 29.

father of Peteesis20pmsonof Petenephie's 88 . 44

father of Petesuchus ( 1) ( 2)'

0pos sonof Petesuchus 62. 1 27 ; 7 8 . 10 ;98 . 32 ; 97 . 14.

'0poc father of Peteusorapis 85 . 2 1 , 29, 85 ,

14 1.

sonof Petos 64 . 1 70 ; 01. 24 ; 98 . 37.

father ofPetosiris 18 . introd. 66 . 80

'npo1 sonof Petosms 6 5 . 1 22 98 . 3 1.

8 1711111°

sonofPhagomis 61 (a). 77 62. 200

08 . 98.

:0pos father of Phaésis:0pos father of Phaos 63 . 99'

0ms father ofPhatres 61 (a). 78 62. 202 ;

'opc s father of t ersis 61 (a). 59 °

03 145 ; 64 01) 137 ; 98 m.7 2 .

'0pos father of Phounsis'0po1

~ father of Psenesis 8 1.

'0pos sonof Skordes 90. 37 .

'opo1~ father of Tapentos

'0pos sonof Tarutis'0pos sonof Thotortaeus 18 . introd. ; 61 (a).68 :

'0pos sonof T imotheus 98 . 28 ; 160.

:0poc father of Tothoes 62. 1 27.”Ora: 1800

108 . 33.

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640

8 . 4 ; 16 . 19 ; 8 5 . 5 , 6, 1 7 ; 4 5 . 40 ;4 7 . 37 ; 5 6 . 33 ; 66 . 60 ; 70. 6, 63 ; 98 .

59, 69 ; 84 2 2. 23 ; 100 3. 15 ; 104 z .

1 2, 26 , 38 ; 105 . 20, 2 1 , 46, 5 8 ; 106 . 4,

9, 48 et seep ;

7 , 13, 16 ; 116 . 4 el seep ; 117 . 30 ; 120.

2 ct seep ; cl seep ; 128 . 2-

4 ; 124 .

1 2 ; 140 ; 15 6 ; 160 ;

206 ; 284 ; 241 ; 25 8 .

an? 85 . 5 , 1 7 .

1167110710, Hrohquu x dv xahxoii Mp .

104 . 2 , 1 1 ; 106 . 16.

11°66q 8 8 . 2 e! seep

fathom» 6 . 17 , 20, 85 . 5 ,18 ; 8 6 . 25 ; 86 . 34 ; 46 . 33

°

66 . z el seep101. 6 ; 104. 2

,1 2 , at

seep°

25 ; 106 . introd. ;112° 1 113 ° 3 1 71 1 5 ; 116 ° 47 :116 . 5 7 ; 120. 5 1at seep ; 121. introd.,

6

et seep ; 122. 2,

186—6 ; 206 ; 284 ; 25 8 .

INDICE S

"7 716301011 8 . I 7 .rpcéfiohov 8 . 3.

xflxwos 118 . 5 1 .

” 111161 14 20 ; 17 ;39 ° 34 : 4 5 47 ° 37 ; 5 0

18, 31 , 32, 42 ; 61 (e). 1 54, 2 12, 67el seep 67 . 72.

59at seep ; 8 6 . 9, 10 ; 100. 3 ; 102. 3 ;104 . 27 , 38 ; 105 . 3 cl seep ; 106 . 2 , 24 ;106 . 4, 1 5 ; 110. 9 ; 112 . introd., 82, 88,1 2 1 ; 118 . 6

, 7 , 1 5 , 16 ; 117 . 7 cl seep ;120. 40 ctmap ; 122. 9 ; 128 . 3. 4, 10 ;

212 ; 224 241. 11716: x . 61011106710 02 80.

41 ; 61 (a). 154 ; 7 6 . 8. atx oi; 11611111110.

See 1164110710 . x ehxoii 06 18 1117 1)8 8 . 2 e!seepx ehx ds Mmpos 8 8 . 2 e! seep x e’tx oi

'

: tr

(Bpex p 68 . 60 ; 70. 6, 63 98 . 59, 69 ;84 . 22-

3. x ehxoii Bpexpal I » c i t es 180.

7711111017 8111 «in. 67 . 66, 69 ; 6 8 . 7 , 78 , 8 1

60. 9 ; 66 . 30.

xpveutds 84 13 ; 7 2. 254. xpvmxbs e n'

See Index X .

xpw tov60. 106 ; 61 25 7 ; 64 8, 1 1 ,I 3 ; 72. 2431 25 1 1 3 541 25 5

X . TAX ES .

o'mmmm’m48 . 14al ( 60. 1at seep18o 48 . 1 7 .

«1 e'

rrl 15 11141 drqh'opere mihoymuai105 . 5 , 24.

cine-

trio 8 8 . 56, 5 7 .

611111";c 61 191

2 18 .

1111611114111 5 . 1 7 , 5 2.

11717 11711111)1171600802 5 . 1 1 ; 6 . 16.

dpflifiv 7 5 . 6 ; 8 8 . 5 8. e 6411'a8 8 . 41.

BW 7 99 ° 2 1 1 291 4 1 - 7F‘W

«321613111 86 9 ; 323 ; 3°

1 2 1, 14 1 ; 6 6 .

27 (71mdprdfins n‘

is 8 47 ; 110introd. ; 124. 44 ; 185 ; 283 . thud -

v 7 1'

f eprov 8 8 . 77.

64 2 ; 72. 107 ,

811-11111.«M 810791 61 0) 37 ; 78 . 449.

6 . 19.

18 111 27 . 105 . wpmmipete 16617 72 . 463.

1211410716 86 . 9 ; 66 . 74, 76 ; 66 . 53- 7 60.

47 ; 105 . 48 ; 124 . 35 282.

PM 65 . 9.

6717 11850111 (rd)5 . 59. 55170316111 (6)81 5 5116 . 1 1 (P).

ycopef pc'a68 . 2 e! seep ; 94 . 3 e! seep

ypepuem61 61 (6). 342 , 345 ; 6 6 . 5 2 el seep ;

61. 1 4, 19 ; 68 . 2 el seep ; 64 . 3 et saep ;65 . 9 ; 97 . introd., 8 e! seep ; 6 8 . 43 el

s

oav

ep. 7p. 6117 071015711» 87 . 1 7 , 23. yp. kph»2 1 .

X . TAXES

3 01011 100. 3 119. 54. 7 11 02 a. 88 . 10 ;89. 3 ; 125 .havdd da5 . 15 .

e’

wapoépcov 209.

61113016 99 . 10, 5 1 .

c’mypecpv'; 5 . 1 13 ; 27 . 100 ; 96 . 22, 54, 56 ;124 . 35 .

311-imp ” 91. I I ; 92. I t , 1 2 .

(3110 7 117 11162 5 . 63 ; 8 7 . introd., 10 et seep ;189 .

)18 . introd. ; 68 . 2 et seep ; 6 4 . 3 el

seep 95 . 2 , 7 ; 17 2.

eqoavpo¢ukanx 61v 81 3 ( 7 (Onaavpotfivkenfl

x 61 Pap) ; 66 . 89 ; 70. intr0d.

66 . 34, 39, 45 ; 98 . 2 et seep ; 94 . 3 et

seep ; 95 . 3. 8 ; 17 4 ; 268 .

1111111652,rpq oc

'mxov Q . See rpcxm'mx ov.5 . 14.

x dflapms 392 ; 7 2. 398 ; 92. 10 ; 93.

4 et seep ; 64 . 5 , 1 5 , 16, 30 ; 116 . 19 ;18 5 ; 17 2.

See r erpaxau u ooré.x ommd 5 . 59 100. 10 119 . 1 2 .min) 122. I 17 8—80.

1100-11121117 11162 81 393 72. 398 82. 10.

xpdafls 6 1730l 81 318 ; 6 8 . 90 ; 70.

introd. ; 7 2. 322 ; 6 9 . 35 , 41 , 43, 46 .

x pdafls 98 . 2 et seep 94 . 3 el seep ; 6 5 .

3. 7 ; 17 4

kaoypatbla103 . I 121. 62 ; 18 9.hc( 95 . 9.

1117 011707q 5 . 49 102. 3.

107 1111 1116, 3111 7 5 d 67 171671117 11 1101Roy. 105 .

p pm-7161 5 8 . 38. ” 17pm:mp. 29 . 1 5 .

11166101 5 . 1 5 ; 7 6 . 8 ; 119 . 5 2.

11111110740. 5 .

fawn} 6 . 26.

¢6poc 6 . 33 ; 6 . 7 , 32. cpdpos

(50101 17 111611 5 . I 5 .

xapmpd 140.

116 . 5 Cf. 209 .

x ecpw'

u x dv 121. 49.

x 0[. .]flx év 5 . I 6.

nepovm’a4 6 . 14 ; 116 . 5 7 ; 121. 95 ; 162 25 8 .

nepcmpévmvmin; 84 . 9.

nop¢vpcx 6 8 . 3 1 .

npa( 61. 4 et seep ; 98 . 10 , 1 5 , 24, 59 ;6 5 . 8 116 . 19.

1rpa11r6p¢ 1a17817 7 2. 463.

7 6 11 6001110111 5 . 63.

07 5411110: 41. 18, 32 ; 61 (e). 1 1 , 33 ;64 (e). 1 14 ; 98 . 3 e! seep ; 64 . 4 et seep ;

6 6 . 6 et seep ; 6 6 . 3, 5 , 26 ; 114 . 4 ;

119 . 1 2 ; 170 ; 172 ; 199 . af l¢ . yw p-

yaw95 . 9. w i th610111777 017 0) 9 5 . 8 .

o-re'

cp 8 8 . 59. 07 5111. 8 1254, 278 ; 64 6 ; 72. 246. x pvcmcbcmap. 60. 102, 104 ; 72. 297 ; 101. 5 ;124 . 14.

w yx u ptpe'

va100. 1 4.

06117 11512 103. 2 ; 18 8 . 06W . lev 5 . 5 4.

”0186 11 209 .

0011117 111611 (P)95 . 10.

81( (av-{ tbevos 810111171 013295 . 8 .

5 . 1 28, I 3 ! 61 35 . f. 0 0107 .

rcrpe xmaxoow'

) 86 . 9 ; 8 2. 18 8 3 . I

e! seep ; 94 . 3 e/ seep ; 95 . 3, 7 ; 172.min;mpur repémv 84. 9.

rp1x oimxov 11111116 11 81 319 ; 8 8 . 88 ; 70.

introd 72. 323 ; 7 5 . 1 ; 69 . 33. rpc

x oc'mx ov 8 9 . 37 ( I seep ; 93 . 2 et seep ;

64 . 3 et seep ; 95 . 3, 7 6 6 . 6 et seep ;17 2 ; 17 4 ; 288 .

642 INDICES

X I . SYM BOLS .

(e)WE IGHTS AN D M EASU R E S .

(6) Cos .

y, 9 . 9,a!T T

5 . 15 , e!

I apaxwi 8 4 ; 5 8 33

A 16 . 19,a1.5

‘ 120. 2 ,al.3 121. 3,a1

K uflaw-or 6 . 17 , 20, 23.

f erpéflokov 8 . 1 7 .

rpcéfiokow 8 . 3 ; 188 .

(e) N UM BERS.

6’&C. i &C. pessz

'm.M ISCELLAN EOUS.

7 11m“.WWW M uff"

L deduct ’112. 1 .

l divided into,’ practically equivalent to811160. 1 5 , el.

{ 8 1115 &C. {mdpovpog elxoma'povpos &C. 18 .

1ntrod. ; 61 (e). 56, el.

and casespessz’m.m,nhoardsand cases 81. I I 8 8 . 10,

e} .

6 updflpov, 1171617 09 81 (e). 1 3 ll . 4,a] .it 1114161and cases 6 . 16

,al.

11 11 90. 007210, el."

5 meaning doubtful (amen 6 6 . 42.

x 11. GE N ERAL I NDE X,GR E EK.

dfipoxor 31 (a) 7 5. 82. 87. 136. (51 425 ;62 46. 5 2. 56. 97 . 98 ; 68 43. 5 4. 56 ;64 (e). 25 , 26 ; 7 2. 434 ; 7 8 . 2 2 ; 7 6 . 1 ,

3, 26, 73 ; 61. 47 ; 6 8 . 5 d seep ; 106 .

1 7 ; 124 . 43 : 15 1.

M 9 ; 112 5 55 . 8 ; 24. 5 5 ; 27 . 75 ; 28 .

1 1 ; 74. 6, 2 1 , 35 ; 7 5 . 2 1

, 6 ,28 ; 15 1.

éywm’ w os 8 7 38. 74. 84. 94

6710121 12. 19 ; 80. 18 ; 81. 18 ; 86 . 1389 . 28 ; 48 . 25 .

67 116171411 5 . 3 ; 124 . 24.

67 110111 24 . 33.

&yopéfav 5 . 79, 80, 99 ; 6 . 22 ; 117 . 32andnote, 50.aypacbos 112. 104, 1 2 1 ; 118 . 3 ; 121. 22

,27 ,

5 7 ; 140 16 6 .

dypmms 105 . 5 , 26, 60 106 . 26.

A bpaxm'; 112. introd.

i c'

fiaxoimx os 91. 5 , e] .

i 556x 011: G)118 . 2, 9.

Tmax“: 1 5 . 1 53. Similarlym'yx . B. 164 .

rpcxolu tov 61 319, el.

52x 6“ 7 121. 35 , 7 2. Similarly x 06: 11

x 61: 5 224 .

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644 I NDICE S

évaypatbr') 104 . 42 ; 105 . 64 .

611117 217 1} 24 . 56.

dmymviaros 5 8 . 5 1 .

31.13.37m7 5 . 6 ; 96 . 27 , 44 ; 99. 38 ;

6108186t 35 . 3.

a’vabox r'; 25 . 19 ; 62. 332 ; 99. 46.

évafw '

yvfivac. See Index VI .évafqr c‘

iv 5 8 . 22 , 28 18 6 .

dumpe‘

iv 18 8 .

( imiflos 43 . 32 .

M xpw cs. See Index V.hookup/361m61 (e). 13 1 , 207 , (b). 74, 1 10,

1 16, 295 ; 64 (e).

63marg., 80, 99, 6 6 .

5 5 ; 7 2. 38 ; 99 . introd.,6,29.

(110207 13 10 183611111110111 24 . 47 .

dvawmms&méycw 284 .

dymraéew 105 . 4; 23, 38 , 44 106 . 2 2 ;106 . 6.

cim61 385 ; 72. 389 115 . 3 , 10,

1 5 .

6211111711161» 7 . 7dmwképmms 112. 82 , 88.

(1261110112 83. 5 ; 81 (6)- 97 1 7 2. 5 5 .

a’m6Boros 105 . 20 ; 106 . 2 , 24.

612111071166o 5 . 28 .

dyad -dew 28 . 20.

dvaovpe’dx w 25 . 16 ; 48 . 23.

611117 1061111 8 8 . 68.

&vacbe’pe 10. 3 ; 18 . 19 ; 14 . 1 1 ; 26 . 6 ;1 2

,25 ; 5 8 . 27 ; 61 (e). 168

, (b).26. 42. 97. no, 300. 314. 320.346 ; 66

79 ; 7 2. 5 5 . 198. 305. 31 2. 325 . 336.454 ; 7 8 . 6 ; 7 7 . 2 ; 6 6 . 6

, 58 ;121. 25 .

M fi ipflt 24 . 32.

om¢opa 167 ° 16 6 .

6111776 716 1 5 6 ; 42 ;

35 7 ; 7 2 35 2.

&w( 229 .

&m'p-yew&wpvr68w r02 8 . 48 ;621118 1727 02 5 . 48 ; 81 238 ; 72. 1 76.

61211107 08710:

( immpdtbqros5 116012 24 . 73.fine 6 . 32 , 36 ; 11. 14 20. 7 ; 24 . 26

,

6 1 ; 27 . 73 ; 61 2 2,89, 91 , 106 ;

64 (e). 5 5 ; 72. 68 ; 104 . 28 ; 105 . 1 8 ;

106 . 16 ; 164 .

Mme 6 . 9, 41 ; 27 . 46 82. 10 ; 48 .

26.

0'

q o 212.

6113m10. 3 ; 105 . 5 , 24, 42 ; 109 . 23 ;112. 2 el seep ; 116 . 14 , 1 5 , 5 5 ; 116 . 1 8 .

&vép 6 . 28 ; 82. 1 7 ; 88 . 18 ; 61 (e).104, 1 26 , 139, 145 , 336, 338

—9 ; 62.

44 etseep ; 68 . 42 el seep ; 64 (e). 4 1 , 1 24 ,

146 ; 66 . 25 ; 7 2. 2 28 , 230—3, 235 , 245 ;

100. 14 ; 104 . 15 , 29, 30 ; 109 . 3, 1 3 ;

116 . 3, 10, 1 7 ; 138 ; 124 . 10 ;

18 8 ; 224 . x er’5 1187111 13. introd . 24 .

53 ; 27 . 7 ; 41 ; 66 . 66 ; 6 7 . 8 1

7 1. 8—9, note ; 7 2. 9, 1 7 , 334 ; 7 6 . 2 ;

61. introd. 64 . 2 ; 96 . 1 ; 97 . 1 ; 108 .

1 ; 15 9 ; 170 ; 174 ; 199 . c’

vr’

drape?5 4 . 2.

6116111611 182.

6280710107 121 21. 6.

27 . 39 ; 61 2 7 1 .

11111511111 80. 8 1 7 2. 36.amp o 60, 73 ; 60. 10 ; 62. 7 ; 68

19 ; 64 . 10.

&mrm'a. See Index X .

(1201110807111? 5 . 137 , 153.

awavatpc‘

iv 60. 1 1 1 ; 61 (e). 23, 203, 2 10,

14 , 2 20—4 ; 64 (e). 85 , (b). 1 ;

66 88 ; 6 7 36 47 ; 6 8 4° 45 . 59 ;70. 2 7 , 33, 47 ; 7 2. 1 50- 1

, 18 2 , 2 1 7 ,236 ; 74 . 1 1 ; 7 5 . 25 .

a'vrawu'psms 81 347 ; 7 2. 337 .

&vrefdycw 105 . 36.

dw e'

x co'flac 40. 9 ; 41. 25 .

dvn( 120. 136, 140.

&mypacpeia. See Index V.

&wq potfnw 8 8 . 13° 15 8 .

aw iypacpov 5 . 1 29 ; 27 . 5 ,1 2

, 94 ;81. 1 1 ; 88 . 1 ; 8 6 .

27 ; 4 5 . 30 ; 46 . 27 ; 4 7 . 29 ; 49 . 18 ;50. 37 ; 5 8 . 2 1 ; 164—5 .

6111100 02 24 . 63.

dwamaperpe'iv 81 I 1 1 7 2. 39.

6111 1164 111 8 8 . 48 .

tim 48 . 29, 42 .

627 1107 111 12. 1 2 ; 138 ; 15 8 .

&vn'

os 48 . 2 1 .

X I I . GENERAL I NDE X,GREEK

627 1110161o 22. 1 7 7 8 . 31 81. 18 .

607 17 16511111 8 . 23.

dwkeiv 120. 142 .

«iv-11177 172 241.

6211116601111“ 105 . 37.61 111161070: 61 (e). 1 77 105 . 3, 18 ; 106 .

16.

11m» 123 . 1 2-

4.

511210211 5 8 . 7 , 10.

dflo 14 . 1 1 . 311 rfp 66502 80. 85 ; 81

98—100 ; 72

- 8 ;

37 ; 7 5 . 2 1 , 26 , 28, 37 , 4 1.851010109 21 22 , 39.

14 . 20 ; 46 33 ; 8 7 7 I 77.

651061 12 8 ; 81.

19 ; 5 4 . 2 1°

61 (b).29 ; 124 . 18 , 20.

651mm88 . 4 124 . 34.

a’miyew 5 . 25 7 ; 34 . 6 ; 80. 5 3, 98 ;203, 2 10, 2 1 7 , 22 1 , 249 ; 6 7 . 36,

47 , 5 5 , 60, 78 ; 6 6 . 40 el seep ; 70. 2 7et seep ; 72. 2 23, 308

—10.

&nam‘

iy 5 . 30, 66 ; 20. 8 ; 61 (b). 1 , 2 , 189,235 . 35 9 ; 64 (b). 1 2. 13. 66 8 2 ;6 7 . 67 ; 7 2. 104, 1 7 2 , 229, 253

—4, 296,

298. 355 ; 98 . 41. 5 3 ; 104 . 32 ; 124

35 °

&wmrrimpos 61 (b). 191 64 2 72. 107 ,2 18 .

éflakkéaowaac 104 . 31 .

«in-array 14 . 5 , 1 5 ; 27 . 108 ; 50. 34 ; 61

6116111770 12 43 . 7 .

&flepcvdxhrros 41. 24.

5 11-es 5 . 40 ; 48 . 42 ; 5 6 . 1 7 ; 106 . 5 .

(117016s 8 . 46 4 8 . 1 7 18 8 .

«im'pxwoat 121. 1 25 .

( iflmax r e'iv 40. 22 .

dm’x ew 24 . 24 ; 82. 4 ; 108 . 118 . 30.

&mfi ué rov 14 . 20 ; 64—7 . pessz’m; 96 . 26 ;

105 . 1 5—6 ; 106 . 10, 1 2—3 ; 15 1 ; 16 7 ;

222 ; 25 5 .

dmyvo( 161.

dvrxoas 104 . 3 1 . 61115 9 24 . 9 ; 27 . 79 ; 452 5 ; 46 . 2 1 4 7 . 2 1 .

éflofim’vcw 5 . 39.

duoBuifeeOm5 . 84 ; 6 . 44 ; 6 5 . 93, 95 .

611080 117 6201 5 . 262 ; 27 . 6 1 ; 61 (b). 27 2 ,2 75 .

645

ciwobc'

x 100a1 12. 23.

6110817711110 104 . 1 7 .

8110818611111 5 . 5 5 ; 6 . 33, 47 ; 22. 8 ; 24 . 43 ;

27 . 67 ; 26 . 6,8 ; 46 . 16 ; 5 8 . 23 ; 5 4 .

24 ; 5 7 . 10 ; 61 (e). 24, 2 7 , 29 ; 64 (e).87 ; 72. 333 ; 104 . 31

- 2 ; 105 . 32 e!

seep ; 106 . 26, 29 ; 109 . 1, 10, 18, 23 ;

110. 6, 8 ; 168 .

cia)116 . 19.

(11108201311 5 . 78.

&uoxaow -rdm61 22 1

, 233, 3 1 5 , 32 1 ;

6110111112111 88 . 18.

611641m104 . 27 .

611011311111 22. 14.

1111011111111 10. 5 ; 61 194, 377 ; 72. 1 10,

379«111-07107 1000111 196, 293 ; 72. 1 12,

463. 467 ; 99 42

0110107 107162 80. 25 ; 81 2 16,

347 ; 72 2 142. 293. 337 ; 7‘L 2 32 ;

152 0114 )120. 42 .

811101 111111 5 .

48 . 2 1 ; 5 7 . 8 , 5 6 .

6 ; 7 9 . 6 ; 121. 1 18 , 23 ; 280.

1111671110 12 81 276, 2 79.

62 0mm61 (6) 28 , 35 5 . 376 ; 72. 348.

378 ; 111. 8.

511157101710. See Index X .

61367171177 0: 5 . 27 .

6110016111111 6 . 1 1 , 2 1 ; 26 . 6 ; 85 . 7 ; 8 9 .

1 2 ; 48 . 9 ; 229 .

31mm; 112. 6 ; 206 .

11116 e 42. 1 2 ; 106 . 1 5 .

«111-cr ime 104 . 25 , 33 ; 105 . 34, 43 ; 106 .

29 ; 106 . 23.

111167 107 0: 7 1. 8-

9, note.

ar c-1710111001162 140.

119 9. 1 7&110¢op6 114 . 7 ;awox r')

611m( )112. 10.

646 I NDI CE S

apax os 61 (a). 38 elmap ; 62. 20 e! we} ;68 . 2 1 e! saep. ; 64 (a). 16, 29, 5 8 , 134 ;6 5 . 1 7 , note ; 66 . 47 ; 67 . 20 , 23, 44 ;68 . 3c , 33, 56 ; 69 . 28 ; 70. 18 , 2 1 , 44 ;71. 1 2 ; 7 2. 66, 306 ; 7 9 . 45 , 7 2 ; 106 .

22 ; 115 . 35 , 37—8 ; 16 6 .

apyvpcov, dpyvp1x 61. See Index IXopen}

apw'

rov

121 47. 93, 99 ; 191 ; 234

dppdfcw 18 . 23 ; 16 . 24 ; 24 . 46 ; 41. 23 ;4 5 . 35 ; 46 . 3 1 ; 4 7 . 32 ; 66 . 188 .

dppoMa112. introd. ; 121. 78 , 86.

67126: 117 . 35 .

67100116: 49 . I O.

dpovpa. See Index IX (a).dpvmftwappwa'r la44 . 9 ;aflfi') See Index IX (a).tipraficu

'a, &pfafit

'aa. See Index X .

50.aproe 88 . 24 112. introd., 16atme} ; 114 .

1 5 ; 116 . 8, 9, 1 5 , 35 ; 116 . 2 ; 119 . 16 ;

120. 103, 1 1 1 , 1 13 ; 121. 1 2 elmap ;122. 9 ; 191 ; 224 ; 25 8 .

5px ¢iov 5 . 263 ; 166 .

5px ¢00¢u 84—7 . passz'm; 15 1 ; 17 8 ; 222.

&px c'

M os 90. introd.

&pxfi24 . 73 124 . 3, 16. i f dpxfic 40. 20.

6px 1péx 1poc. See Index V.

dpxwmparo¢6la£ 7 9 . 5 2 .

&px ufivkamru'a,dpx ¢¢vkax immSee Index V.

15p s 7 2. 447 .

&oomz» 18 6 .

604 )102. 2 .

&mrcppu' 61 1 7—8 , 307 6 7 . 97 72. 3 19.

a'owopc'iv 61 (b). 34, 1 13, 303, 32 2 ; 66 . 5 6 ;6 8 . 83.

danopos 60. 5 2 ; 61 (a). 38 e! sc. (b).144, 294 ; 1 29, 142, 188marg.

,

193, 197 , 224, 230 ; at saep .

64 (a). 8 et saep”

note, 66 . 90 ; 6 7 . 6 6 . 34 ; 72.

258 ; 74 . 1 5 , 29 ; 7 5 . 40, 47 ; 68 . 14,1 8—9 ,

63 ; 98 . 16marg. ; 17 2.

&ovxotfidw'

qf o: 237 ; 72. 1 7 5 ; 124 . 26.

111ml“ 5 . 83.

dadx ikaa27 . 6, 5 1 , 58 , 74.

dacpakifm18 . 20 ; 26 . 18 ; 5 8 . 29.

a'ax qpowiw44 . I 7 .

&axox la12. 20, 23 ; 24 . 64 ; 26 . 18 ; 28 . 3,

20 ; 29 . 18 .

d uh}: 5 . 95 .

16 . 10.

as»; 88 . 8, 1 2 .

108 . 36 18 9 ; 281.

aflpwv 37 . 25 .m’mfflc 89 . 9, 2 1 ; 44. 7 .

1167 69,( is 7 6 057 6 60. 44 ; 61 (a). 1 56 ; 99 .

1 1 . £111rad t urd rdm’mid uct? 24 . 197.

dtbaw '

iv 4 8 . 2 2.

ddmbr'n24 . 76.

3¢cpa226 .

51550410: 224 .

27 . 62 i v ddn'

oay?) 5 . 37 , 90,

1 1 2 , 201 ; 27 . 5 5 ; 62. 3 ; 68 . 3 ; 8 5 .

3 ; 99. 7 .

dtbflqm6 . 23.

d¢wpiax ¢w 8 . I 9.

8 8 . 13.

dtfiv'

nu pos 104 . 28 .

a’dm’m5 . 2,10

,19, 49, 62 , 95 .

24» 74.

820202 24» 37 ; 60 7 ; 74 5 7 ; 7 5 . 75d¢pobimov 6 . 29, 37 .

dq ms 74 . 36, 70 7 5 . 56, 86.

Babwmkéfl): 262.

Behavior 5 . 1 20 ; 86 . 4, 9.

Bakam’

n112. 10 d saep . ; 117 . 13, 23, 60.

fiaAanvflx dc 117 . 61 .

Bapévew 23 . 5 .

Bapt'w 5 2. I I .

fiamku 'a5 . 3.

flavom'mv 104 . 5 ; 105 . 8 ; 106 . 3 109 . 6 ;166 ; 17 6 .

Bamkeés. See Index I I .Bamkucdc 5 . 105 (P), 189, 256. fiamkuui 24 .

14 ; 140. 16 Baa. 6 . 16 ; 40. 13. 7 6

302 2 2 62 5 54. 77. 87. 99. 1 74. 293 ;10. 5 ; 27 . 24, 59, 68 ; 28 . 16, 2 1 ; 48 .

8 ; 5 8 . 26 ; 7 5 . 35 5. 377 ; “ (a)- 63marg. ; 72. 348 , 378 ; 8 6 . 8 ; 99.

introd 105 . 48 ; 110. 1 2 ; 115 . 6, 18 ;

15 6 ; 183 . fiamkucbs' yuopyés' 5 . 200,22 2,

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648 INDICES

95 , 107 ; 26 . 3 ; 80. 6,1 2 , 18, 2 2 ; 81.

3 , 7 , 18 ; 82. 1 2 ; 88 . 2 , 13 ; 8 7 . 19 ;

89 . 29, 33 ; 40. 23 ; 45 . 23 ; 4 7 . 1 7 ;5 0. 16, 30 ; 5 4 . 20 , 2 5 ; 60

—64 (a). pessz

'm; 6 5 . 16 ; 66 . 1 1 el seep ;6 7 . 26, 39, 5 4, 5 7 ; 6 6 . 10 e! seep ; 69 .

20, 26, 35 ; 70. 19 el seep ; 7 2. 2 2 el

seep ; 74 . 10 el seep ; 7 5 . 34, 5 2, 69 ;7 6 . 2 ; 7 9 . 1 3, 1 5 , 47 , 50,

62 ; 60. 32

62. 45 ; 6 5 . 1 ; 99 . introd., 1 7 e! seep ;

104 . 28 ; 106 . 1 7 , 18 ; 115 . 23 ; 124 . 4,

29, 37 15 2 ; 167 ; 194 ; 210 ; 214 ; 280.

yvyvéo'

x ew 12. 2 36 . 2 37 . 2 5 6 . 5 ; 72.

193, 201 , 294, 44 1 ; 62. 2 ; 149 .

yva¢ ¢6s 6 6 . 45 , 5 1 112. 95 .

yvépq'

6 . 37 ; 27 . 32 ; 8 5 . 10 ; 104 . 28 .

ypémm10. 6 ; 24 . 13 ; 26 . 7 , 8 104 . 40.

ypappafl ia. See Index Vand Index VIIypappafn'w. See Index V.

ypappaflx dv. See Index X .

726202 6 l 6 ; 8 I 5 . 19. 24. 3 1 ; 12. 4. 7.2 ; 16 . 10 ; 21. 2 ; 22.

1 1 ; 24 . 26, 59 ; 26 . 5 ; 27 . 28

, 97 ; 80.

19, 23, 28 ; 81. 19 ; 82. 2 , 5 , 10 ; 84. 10,

13 ; 8 7 . 1 7 ; 40. 14 ; 5 5 . 4 ; 50 ;61 (e). 1 10, 1 5 , 80, 1 13, 1 26 ,I 28—9. 269. 384. 402. 409 ;62. 256 ; 68 . 191 ; 66 . 8

,1 1 , 20, 56, 5 8,

75 ;

306. 388. 42 1 ; 7 9 13. 47. 63 ;68 . 47 ; 6 7 . 3, 5 ; 99 . 28, 41 104 . 6,

106 106 5 ;109 . 8, 23 166 ; 209 .

722386 8 20 ; M 53 ; 27 7. 1 2. 48. 89 ;2.

7 6m62. 24 e! seep 62. 6 el seep ; 6 8 . 2 el

seep ; 105 . 15 , 16 ; 106 . 10,13 ; 15 2 ;

yvvamios 46 . 33, 34 ; 117 . 32 and note ;120. 109 127 .

7 0116 6 . 28 ; 8 9 . 16, 3 1 ; 41. 10 ; 104 . 1 5 ,16

,19, 20 ; 109 . 2 , 1 2, 34 ; 112. 48, 59,

64, 88, 105 ; 119 . 16 ; 120. 94, 1 2 7 .

Cf. Index I I .

5611111109 188 .

56w 313 ; 67 . 77 ; 6 8 . 91 ; 70.

introd. ; 72. 324 ; 7 6 . 2 ; 6 9 . 36, 40, 42 ,

44, 46 ; 98 . 26 ; 96 . 7 e! seep ; 97 . 6 ;115 . 28 119 . 9 ; 171

—2 ; 17 4 ; 210 ; 261.

bavifew 112. 66,1 23.

defram'iv 225 (251111111217 17 . 8 ; 50. 1 7 ; 67 . I 7 ;6 6 . 27 ; 70. 16 ; 106 . 5 ; 116 . 24 ; 117 .

1 2 ; 120. 79, 85 , 87 , 92 , 1 10 ; 121. 25 ;140 ; 18 8 ; 194 ; 231 ; 25 1.

51( See Index IX (e).5111111106112 5 8 . 27 .

Iv 5 6 . 5 6 ; 61 189 ; 66 . 10, 77 , 79 ;

67 . 67 , 70 ; 6 6 . 83 ; 72. 104, 187 ; 7 9 .

5 ; 99 . 42 ; 214 . 552111 24 . 29 ; 27 . 36,

4 1 , 63 ; 29 . 1 1 50. 1 5 , 28 ; 61 356 ;7 2. 350 ; 104 . 16

, 24.

812m» 116 . 2 ; 121. 75 284 ; 25 8 .

563011 7 5 . 74 ; 105 . 6, 2 7 , 60 ; 106 . 26.

81200111 48 . 28 ; 105 . 30.

5111111162. See Index V.

dexdpovpos. See Index VI .805 115 120. introd.

Befcds 39 . 32 .

Beppdrwos 112. introd.

510716122. 8.

55051102 22. 1 8.

5107162 120. 70.amméw 16 6 .

5161 17102, M umiepd. See Index VIIbefirepov 5 6 . 10.

f eafla‘ 7 . 3.

8:71o 18 . 1 1 , 1 2 ; 27 . 30 , 7 1 ; 81. 2, 7 , 1 1 ,

14 ; 44 . 13 ; 61 (b). 28, 2 73, 360 ; 7 2.

356

BwfidRAew 23 . 4.

51117 6111 22. 16.

Burq bax ew 17 . 2 5 5 . 2 .

5167 2100 12 27 . 102 .

Bu yopeéew 105 . 30.

Btdypappe 5 . 264.

&aypé¢av 8 5 . 6, 16 ; 69 . 30 ; 100. 2

,13 ;

102. 2 ; 112. 62 .

bmypacpv} 29 . 13 ; 89 . 1 2 61 (b). 37 , 266 ;7 2. 449 ; 6 6 . 9 ; 112. 8 1 ; 121. 2 , 45 , 48,82 ; 140 ; 18 8 ; 209 .

buiflems 8 6 . 10 ; 39 . 3 ; 125 .amip wts 61 5 1 , 68 ; 7 2. 16, 5 4, 6 1 ,Bmxa're'x ew 8 8 . I 6.

510116177 6111 47 . I 6.

w pc'

vew 219 .

5111112156112 31 365 ; 7 2. 363.

X 11. GENERAL I N DE X , GREEK

811111418v 24 . 33, 50, 78 ; 27 . 42 .

8111811111 111 124 . 9.

8111104210716: 27 . 35 ; 64 7 2. 25 2,

81610720: 5 6 . 23, 3 1 , 59.

8111715126111 27 . 40.

81071100810 12 7 2. 450.

81mfidkkew 50. 27 .

5101161111619 24 . 8 .

81am’1rmv 41. 27 ; 49 . 2 1 50. 45 .

Btdwpams‘ 8 . 1 5 .

81a1rpd00 ¢w 5 . 192 24 . 54.

81611e 121. 87 18 8 .

810711311011 8 . I 9.

51a0a¢eiv 6 . 45 ; 8 . 9, 28 ; 12. I 6 ; 15 . 1 7 ,

36 ; 27 . 83 ; 5 4 . 1 5 ; 105 . 39.

5111011112 41. 10 ; 43. 26.

81110 110 12 41. 30.

81110 11071159 48 . 36.

6111011696017 24 . 32.

5100 xop1u 0p69 24 . 5 5 .

Glad -rake“! 74 . 2 ; 7 5 . 16.

811107 01624 . 45 27 . 20 ; 84 . 13.

510171011627 . 104.

8111q 5 2. 16.

5m¢€p¢w 25 . 1 7 ; 5 1 .

81a¢6pqe cs° 26 1 .

8cé¢opov 1 1 5 ; 61 (b). 50 et

seep ; 70. introd. ; e! seep ; 74 .

67 ; 121. 7 ,23, 816¢. 0x 0m0p0v 61333

- 8 1 340'

510¢v( )120. 1 1 2 .

81077916001 12 25 . 3, 9.

5m¢wveiv 8 . 25 .

Baax u pc'few 112. intl'Od.

51560116110 72. 453.

81861211 5 . 1 18 ; 9 . 5 ; 12. 1 7 ; 21. 7 ; 24 .

44 ; 27 . 20, 5 8 , 73, 101 ; 26 . 7 ; 80. 10 ;

81. 10 ; 87 . 9 ; 89 . 1 7 ; 44 . 19 ;5 6 . 13, 39 ; 61 (b). 279, 384 ; 7 2.

388 ; 7 5 . 6 ; 6 6 . 10 ; 105 . 3, 6, 28 ; 106 .

2,23 ; 106 . 4, 5 ; 120. 34 e! seep ; 165 ;

16 6 ; 160 ; 209- 10.

5112117 62 164 .

85“ 128 . 1 2-

4 241.

Bwpedv 5 . 187 , 2 50.

649

8, 23 ; 16 . 6 ; 38 . 6 ;7 2. 25 ; 133 .

811£aymy614 . 6, 16.

81t'

px 10001 61 278 ; 7 2. 188 ; 105 . 5 , 25 ,

42 ; 106 . 25 .

8110 7 110001 22. 4.

811101011110b 188 .

81'

xa109 5 . 2 14, 2 16, 263 ; 11. 7 , 1 3 ;5 0. 25 ; 5 4 . 26 ; 105 . 41 109 .

210.

81111; 11. 14 ; 109 . 29.

816 13 . 19 ; 23 . 10 ; 38 . 26 ; 41. 19 ; 44 .

22 ; 4 5 . 27 ; 46 . 2 2 ; 47 . 25 ; 4 9 . 13 ;264 .

8101111111 5 . 6 1 . 111361 1rvp8v 810111. 66 . 42 ; 6 8 .

48 ; 69 . 2 1 ; 70. 37 ; 7 5 . introd. 11

9018 118» 810111. 60. 41 ; 6l (a). 1 54 7 9 . 8.

Cf. Index V.

810111110 11 7 . 4 ; 61 (a). 206 ; 67 . 41 68 . 54 ;

810111117 172. See Index V.

81011077 11161 24 . 6 1 64 (a). 55 .

810110807 1111 104 . 3, 1 2 .

81cv 28 . 1 2 ; 27 . 4 1 .

8161180019 61 (a). 33 ; 64 (a). 1 14.

81op1'

fc1v 105 . 33.

8161-1 12. 20 24 . 34.

81080179 11. 16. 811186 140.

810063 27 . 5 3.

86mg 14 . 20 ; 61 (b). 135 , 160,187 ; 7 2.

7 2 , 102 ; 84 . 1 5 e! seep ; 8 5 . 53, 68, 76,

92 , 1 29 ; 8 6 . 37 ; 8 7 . 36 , 38 , 6 1 ; 105 .

1 3 , 15 ; 106 . 1 1 , 1 2 ; 15 1. Cf. IndexIV

80116111 25 . 5 , 10.

80111115 11 24 . 78.

86011101 5 . 1 76.

8ox 1’

1112. 89 115 . 8 ; 120. 4, 5 5 ; 181 ; 211.80901169. See Index IX8paxm'7. See Index IX (11)and (b).8p6pos. See Index IX8131101119 5 1. 10 ; 104 . I 8.

86111100111 6 . 48 ; 24 . 7 7 ; 25 . 1 2 ; 27 . 13, 48

28 . 1 6 ; 40. 2 1 ; 41. 2 5 ; 50. 43 ; 5 7 .

u ; 37 1 , 375 . 402 ; 7 2 8. 37 2.

377 . 41 1 , 45 1 , 465 ; 74 6,2 1 , 35 ; 7 5 .

2 1

50 INDICES

£611 5 . 135 , 149, 2 19 ; 61 229, 233 ; 7 2.

163, 169 ; 7 9 . 5 8.

50117 017 5 . 41 ; 6 . 39 ; 18 . 5 ; 24. 46, 50, 64,

74, 76 ; 27 . 32 , 10 1 ; 35 . 1 2 , 19 ; 4 7 .

3 1 ; 49 . 7 ; 50. 13 ; 66 . 85 ; 105 . 47 ,z , 8 ; 124 . 8 ,

{B80pqx onépovposu See Index VI .37 7 17 1110001 41. 31 .

2 5 1 33’

W e 109 . 5 , 25 .

67 11111111: 5 . 262 ; 41. 29 ; 42. 7 ; 45 . 3 1 ;4 9. 14 5 0. 38.

e’

yxarakchrcw 26 . I 6 61 35 7 7 2. 35 2.

27 1117110 5 . 3 ; 7 . 3, 6 ; 27 . 23.

M om27 . 42.

39 . 29 280.

(31 6p 164 .

28114501 5 . 74, 76 ; 80. 25 ; 60. 2 ; 61

2 16 ; 7 2. 2 , 143 ; 64. 4.

«v( )112. 7 5 .

80101161 6 . 40 ; 40. 20, 25 5 0. 4, 25 .

301102 6 . 24.

22. 13 ; 7 8 . 15 .12819111 15 . 1 7 ; 16 . 22 ; 26 . 23 ; 27 . 42 ; 80.

4, 19 ; 81. 20 ; 32. 7 , 1 1 ; 5 6 . 50.

( 1809 24 . 59 ; 5 8 . 2 1 60. 44 ; 61 (a). 156 ;68 . 8 7 120. introd. ; 124 . 20, 32 , 39.

xar ‘

11801 60. 1 1 7 61 350 72. 340.

Cf. Index X .

1216: 105 . 10.

1111a0 1'a60. 5 3 ; 61 (a). 186, 198, 204, 2 1 1 ,

2 1 7 ; 374 ; 67 . 16. 37.48 , 56, 6 1.

79 ; 6 6 . 40 e/ saep ; 70. 1 5 e! seep ; 72.

376.

111162 24. 50.

efxomépovpos. See Index VI .( 1111610 32. 2 1 ; 119. 53.

12mm; 5 . 260 ; 15 . 1 3.

etc,

etc x 01 321107 02 109 . 27. 37 7 1 25 . 1 3.

11a0‘

311 47 . 34 ; 61 (a). 164 ; 140. 149 ;190.

1007 71681159. See Index V.

110117 1 111 5 . 33 ; 8 . 2 1 ; 20. 5 .

1007 070132. See Index V.

20 117011319 . 14 ; 24. 50 ; 41. 1 7, 26, 3 1 , 39.

cloa'yorydc 8 6 . 4, 10, 1 1 , 34.

105 1111 1111 86 . 24 ; 8 7 . 25atmap ; 15 1.

120311500001 46 . I 5 ; 105 . 36.

72. 462 .

( 2080x 6123 . 4, I I , 1 5 ; 15 9 .

120 1'

px 106111 230.

1700802 112. introd. ; 164 .

160111111511 27 . 25 , 76, 82 .

1200711100113 24 . 97 89 . 36 41. 22 66 . 80.

110¢ €p1 1r 124 . 1 4.

110¢ 0p1£ See Index X .

11111117 01 5 . 86, 1 74, 263 ; 6 47 11. 16 ; 24 .

46, 67 ; 8 1 ;5 7 .

5 ; 7 6 . 8 ; 7 8 . 7 ; 100. 15 , 18 ; 105 . 2 ,

1 7 , 5 6 ; 106 . 1 5 , 4 ; 109 . 3, 1 5 ,

27 ; 110. 9 ; 120. 141 ; 183 ; 210.

1'

116npo1 62. 60.

6161111111 24 . 30 ; 7 8 . 7 ; 81. 27 ; 84 . 6 51!map 18 7 .

{1319011111 104. 2 2’ 105 3 1

6118137100111 33 . 7 .

3181861111 24. 95 61 2 7 , 2 24 ; 72. 1 5 6 .

1’

1181o1111‘

1'

v 27 . 5 7 ; 72. 46 1 ; 89. 4, 31 , 69 ;174.

1'11xap1r1'f100111 105 . 30.

1111110001

1’m11v 6 . 451’

1111p01'

111v 189 ;31111710110 12 1 35 .

11111111361 1 1» 8 . 30 ; 38 . 10 ; 89 . 2 ; 40. 4 ; 125 .

171811111111 105 . 44 ; 106 . 23.

11115111 38 . 1 1 .

1111107 135 . 166.

{d opa See Index V.

1'

11h1111131111117112: 61 258.

1111110601111 82.

1110110102 5 . 5 .

3111151111117 5 5 . 6

{ 111-{mar 27 . 26 ; 28 . 7 ; 50. 14, 27 ;

{mkqpofir 10. 7 ; 24 . 16 ; 27 . 64 ; 36 . 3 ;46. 40 ; 4 8 . 1 2 ; 50. 44 ; 5 7 . 13 ;

32 .

1110011711 105 . 49.

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652 INDICES

1'

voix 1ov 112. introd.

130061111 1 111 17 . 6 ; 18 . 5 4 5 . 10.

1510w )112. 10.

emaea61 (e). 207 , 44 ; 66 . 91 ; 6 7 .

43 ; 6 8 . 5 5 ; 72. 192 , 204.

137 1'

k 3 7 . 1 1 .

1117 160111 92. 1 2 ; 161. 8 .

3111 111511 29 . 7 ; 48 . 33.

311-razor (I’)5 3 . 20.

6 11-0166 . 10 ; 26 . z ; 27 . 88 ; 85 . 10.

Emlyx évew 5 8 . 43 ; 61 36 1 ; 7 2. 358 ;188 .

1'

nux 1'a61 26.

31061111011 14 . I 3.

1fe( )124 . 42 .

15 . I 3, 2 2.

550701761 18 . 7 , 1 1 ; 61 427 ; 7 2. 436 ;84 . 65 11 seep 15 1.

1’

fo1'

p1a'1s 5 . 26.

8611101011612» 5 . 132, 197 , 203.

{fakpvpofiv 72. l l .

{M o-17110611 104 . 23.

1’

5aw k1’

1'

v 128 . 6.

ééewoorfkhw 22. 18.

1511701011111 28 . 9 ; 124 . 5 .

1600011 1111 50. 33.

éfaxofmx os. See Index IX (e).{féx ovsu See Index IX (e).1é1 ( )112. 2 1 , 46.

851210 1 5 . 56 , 8 1 , 1 19 ; 24 . 5 7 ; 104 . 18

2 7 ; 105 . 31 , 38 , 50 ; 106 . 23 ; 15 6 .

ifd fyx cw 25 . I 4.

1£q( 124 . 30.

5 1. 10.

15081611? 5 5 . 3.

350801 164 .

1£opokoye1v 183 .

10m?)120. 85 .

1’

1myy1’kk1 1v 5 8 . 32 .

81167 1111 104 . 19 ; 120. 86.

1'

1raypv1rv1'

iv 27 . 75 .

26 . I 3.

éwax okovaeiv 100. so, 2 1 .

81161 27 . 62 .

1'

1ravayxdf1w 6 . 46 ; 40. 1 8 ; 49 . 1 5 ;

39 ; 5 4 . 23 ; 183 .

1'

1rava1p1‘

1'

v 43 . 19.

1111111111101 8 . I 8 .

111dmapbw r r}: 209 .map1r 11v1’

1111px 1o'0a1 27 . 34.

3110v 120. 30.

1111113671111 27 . 47 ; 124 . 6.

111015711011 (1150671101)119. I 7 .

1'

1ra¢ 11'

ve1 27 . 7 1 .

111117 11» 6 . 4.

1'

11111x 1'

1

'

v 39 . 24.

1111'

px 10001 39 . I 5 ; 46 . 7 ; 4 7 . 6 ; 4 8 . 1 8 ;5 4 . 10 ; 61 (b). 369 ; 72. 370 ; 164 .

impure?» 61 291 .

27 . 33.

1’

111'

x 1w 12. 8 , 22 21. 3.

1117771100116: 28 . 4.

11 411 1 10 4 ;

7 2. 35 5 ; 105 . 3, 18 ; 108 . 4 ; 120. 133 ;209 .

1111301311111 5 . 38 ; 5 8 . 40.

1111131911111 6 . 39 ; 24 . 7 , 9, 15 , 72 ; 27 . 14 ;

28 . 5 , 1 2 ; 40. 1 2 ; 5 0. 1 2 ; 5 2. 4 ;

61 (a) 33. (6) 396 ; 64 (a) 1 14 ; 7 2.

1111801701111 15 . 6.

11146011; 2 1 ; 24 . 16 ; 99. 10, 5 1 .

11117 11117111: 61 2 73, 35 2 , 360 ;

( 1117 10117 1111 105 . 50.

1'

111y1'

yvu rfla1 4 9 . 1 2 .

1:111y1yv60'x 1w 124 . 5 .

11117 10 011

See Index IV (a).1111ypa¢1w 23, 29 ,ass 374 ; 72 377 ;mn 230)

See Index X .

11118117 7111 25 . I 8.

11118110 61 1» 26 . 8 ; 27 . 88 ; 5 0. 20 ; 104 . 24 .

111-18137100111 61 402 64 (e). 54, 63marg., 70, 80 ; 72. 1 2 , 41 1 .

1111818611111 7 . 5 ; 8 . z ; 18 . 1 7 ; 16 . 19 ; 24 .

4 1 , 47 , 5 2 ; 25 . 13, 20 ; 27 . 1 2 ; 38 . 7 ,26 ; 39 . 5 , 34 ; 41. 19 ; 48 . 1 3 ;46 . 23 ; 47 . 25 ; 49 . 14 ; 50. 35 ; 5 8 .

7 , 16, 29 ; 7 3 . z ; 7 8 . 8 ; 188 .

26 . 13.

1111010 11 15 . 24.

1’

111xal é111 1ov 115 . 4, 16 , 34.

1111111111211 6 . 28 ; 5 8. 16 ; 105 . 8 ; 109 . 6 ;166 ; 230.

X I I . GENERAL I NDE X , GREEK

1111x 01 1'

x 11v 17 . 8 .

11 11 1200111 26 . 1 7 ; 29 . 13 ; 4 7 . 25 ; 50. 6 ;61 71 . 8 ; 7 2. 8 1 ; 8 7 . 1

,2,

6, 9.

1'

1r1x 1k11'

11w 201.

{namepékamv 24 . 5 2 67 . 2 ; 6 8 . 2 ; 69. 2 ;

70. 2 ; 8 9 . 3 ; 119 .

1’

111x p01 1'

1'

v 24 . 66.

1'

111X011811v1 1r 5 . 25 ; 27 . 47 ; 4 8 . 20.

111111111109. See Index VI .11111 174111 5 . 35 ; 41. 8 ; 48 . 1 1 ; 124 . 28.

11111011101 5 8 . 36.

111174 112. 84.

1’

111111'

k10901 12. 1 2, 26 ; 19 . 14 ; 20. 10 ; 5 5 .

9 ; 5 8 . 62 .

1'111p1km'1611v, See Index V.

1111111111011. See Index x .

13117101001 24 . 60.

1’

1110p1 1'

1

'

v 7 8 . I 7 210.

111111173611 44 . 18.

1111111111110 5 . 140,1 56, 2 1 1 6 . 39.

1’m’1rkqé11 18 . 23 ; 16 . 24 ; 41. 23 ; 4 5 . 35 ;46 . 3 1 4 7 . 32 ; 18 8 .

e’mpc'm-u v 5 . 183, 185 , 249.

84 . 2 1 2 .

11110111111 81 (e). I .

1111017110010 23 . 6.

11110 17110: 110. I 1 .

1111011117 10001 24 . 25 , 40 ; 28 . 6 ; 5 8 . 14 ;61 2 14 ; 7 2. 140, 197 , 469 ; 81. 5 .

311101114111 24 . 2 7 ; 28 . 16,2 1 ; 48 . 20, 30 ;

61 (b). 90, 97 ; 72. 56, 193 ; 7 8 . 3 ; 7 9 .

20marg. e! 81. introd.,1 1!map ; 8 2. 2 e/ seep ; 8 8 . 2 e! seep 84 .

206,2 16 ; 8 5 . 87 , 132 ; 149 .

11110 1011110 5 . 1 89.

1111010111111 30. 25 .

1111011611 5 . 2 18 ; 7 . 4 ; 27 . 4, 13, 48 .

1111011101101 27 . 37, 56, 73.

5 . 101,1 76.

11110100001 104. 40.

111101 00 11 28 . I 9. 111 111101 110 11 80. 48

61 (a) 163. (6) 346. 430 ; 72. 336.439 ;99 . 34.

111107 01 110. See Index V.

111101 11q . See Index Vand Index VII (c).111107 01 11611. See Index X .

imme’khw 24 . 43 27 . 90 30. 4 82. 15 ;61 (b). 3 ; 7 3 . 5 ; 7 4 . 64 ; 7 5 . 8 1 ; 7 9.

16,I 7. 5 4. 56 ; 99 37. 43 ; 28 8

{mo-mm12. 9 ; 15 . 2 1 ; 16 . 4 ; 27 . 3, 1 1 ,

I 9. 83, 86, 91 , 94 ; 28 9 ; 30 z . 7.23 ; 81. 2

, 7 ; 82. 2, 5 , 10 ; 33 . 1 ;

61 (b). 285 ; 64 7 2. 259.

111101 6111011 12. 1 5 ; 34 . 3 25 3 .

érmokoypégbos 112. 8 7 .

& 1d rvryoc 8 8 . introd.

1’

1110’

1p1'

d11 111 138 .

61 38 1 , 399 ; 7 2. 384, 408.

111111100 1111 5 9 . 9.

11111 1121 111 8 . I 7 19 . 6.

1'

1111 1k1'

1'

11 8 . 48 ; 27 . 69, 89 ; 81 35 ;

11111 1781102

11111 1011101

11111 111011 5 . 69 ;

35 : 37 , 44-

5 ; 110 U ; 15 3

11111p1'

111 111 8 . 43 ; 7 . 4 ; 43 . 37 .

1n1rp1102 384 ; 7 2. 388 .

1111411711111 11. 19 ; 74 . 5 3 ; 7 5 .

1111x 11p1’

1'

r 8 . 38 .

1111x po1'

1'

11 28 . 2 1 .

1’111xwp1111 5 . 91 , 136 ; 32. 16 ; 81 (e). 49,

236, 243-

4, 278 ; 6 5 . 2 1 ; 72. 1 73,182 7 5 . 5 1 .

1117 0110v 61, én-rdpovpos. See Index VI .

1’

pydf1o'001 5 . 7 .

ipyakeiov 5 . 243.

1717 0010 5 . 8 ; 8 . 2 5 .

1'

p7007 1'

7p1o11 111. 3 ; 15 9 ; 18 8 .

inning 121. introd., 5 1 145 ; 25 2.

{pyov 5 . 1 86,250 ; 24 . 2 1 ; 8 7 . 7 ;

38 . 1 7 ; 47 . 4, 23 ; 5 0. 1 7 ; 106 . 20,24.

87117 1161 9 . 10,18 ; 11. 8 .

1'

p

( papa: 39 ; 61 1 5 1—2 ; 62. 49 ;

64 (e). 2 ; 8 6 . 222.

1mm¢vka$ See Index V .

1p1B1( 112. introd.

1711111110710: 108 . 26.

s or 116 . 2 2 117 . 1 7 e! seep 120. 54, 109.

5 . 239.

1’

pv5p1éf1 111 37 . I O.

7px 10°001 24 . 7 1 ; 4 5 . 18 ;

149 ;180; 190

- 1.

10x 01“ ,10x 61 ? 61 (a). 165 , 206 ; 87 . 4 1

68 . 54 ; 69. 27 .

3mm5 . 7 ; 6 . 3 1 , 3 ; 23 . 9 ; 24 .

654 I ND] CE 5

23, 63—4, 82 ; 25 . 6

, 1 1 ; 27 . 70, 8 1 ; 41.

9 ; 5 0. 7 ; 5 2. 9 ; 5 8 . 1 5 ; 29, 1 1 1 ,-

9 ; 7 2

35 5 ; 105 . 31 ; 124 . 32 , 39.

37 1 24 . 5 7 ; 80. 18 ; 5 0. 3 ; 61

303 - 1 ; 71 . 8—9, 11016 31 1ml ray 22. 10 ;

27 . 42 .

(Trainer, 366 ; 7 2. 364.

frog,m1" {roe 5 0. 28 ; 60. 1 17 ; 190 ;

7 2. 106 ; 105 . 2 11 111111 ; 106 . 15 , 2 1—2 ,

26.

15 7 8 . I 7.

w ( )116 . 18, 5 1 .

115801111» 88 . 1 7 .

1158011171111 25 . 16.

16017 01 27 . 44.

16610 1 88 . 16 ; 89. 10.

.wumpza12. 6,18 ; 8 3. 8 ; 84 . 2 ; 8 5 . 1 .

1601311 1? 14 . 4 ; 5 3 . 2 2 .

1611007109 27 . 100.

1 15mm}: 28 . 20.

16m124 . 4, 16.

115071111111 7 8 . I 7 ; 210.

1 1’mpoa'w1r1 'iv 19 . 1 2.

167111 1 111 5 . 26 ; 18 . 9 ; 30. 26 ; 38 . 4, 19 ;68 6 I 5 ; 61 (a) 22. 9° 97.64 (a) 85 . (6) 1 1 ; 7 2 56 25 2 37°

45 7160177101 14 . 1 1 .

1607 007109 (P)5 . 85 .

16mm9 . 14 ; 11. 9.

61 (a). 32 ; 64 (a). 1 13.

15rax 1°01 5 . 5 5 6 . 46.

30- 1 .

167 14 121: 80. 2 1 ; 31. 22 ; 8 8 . 28 ; 40. 2 2 ;

4 7 . 33 ; 49 . 2 2 ; 50. 46 ; 5 8 . 26 ; 124 .

22 ; 18 3 ; 264 .

167m}: 5 0. 1 2 .

115xap10'fl'

1'

v 5 8 . 9.

166891 120. 62 .

(M pif1w 80. 42 ;86111717 10001 27 . 5 5 , 73.

1’

¢avp10v1¢ 1

'

Xx 11v 27 . 631¢wpnfy 28 . 1 7

‘ 210.

11mm.61 6) 358 7 2 359(W eill. See Index V.

119081 111111 18 . 3.mamas. See Index V.

119681011 116 . 5 8 ; 121. introd., 3 1 , 39, 45 ;190 ; 25 8 .

See Index V.

6411» 5 . 37 , 39, 40, 65 , 90—1 , 201 ; 15 . 16 ,

35 ; 16 . 2 1 ; 21. 9 ; 28 . 13 ; 24 . 70 ; 26 .

2 1 ; 27 . 8,89 ; 32. 18 ; 36 . 7 ; 37 . 20 ;

8 8 . 8 ; 39 . 30 ; 41. 1 1 , 14, 35 , 42 ; 42.

1 5 ; 48 . 5 0. 1 2 ;

5 2. 7 ; 5 6 . 7 , 14 ; 5 9 . 6 ; 61 (b). 236 ,66 ° 5 7 ; 7 2° l 747 I 931 364: 367 2

467 ; 7 9 . 59 ; 84—7 passz'm; 8 8 . 15 11

saep. ; 90. 40 ; 104 . 2 , 1 1,20, 37 , 4 1 ;

105 . 4, 2 1 , 110. 3 ; 111. 4 ; 112 .

63—4 ; 116 - 2 1 . 117 x .no.

31 ; 119 . 23, 2 7 ; 120. 5 11 seep ; 123 . 2 ,

3, 5 , 7 1112179 15 1 ; 17 3 ; 18 7 ;241 ; 264 .

Ixopo 5 . 259.

{16m120. introd. ; 121. 36 e! sac/h; 122. 9198 ; 25 8 .

105 . 37 ; 226 .

f'lflwfw 5 . 92 .

( i v 44 . 2 2 ; 104 . 20.

5 . 7 7, 107 ; 5 6 . 1 1 .

{116mm35 . 4, I 6.

fun-

9716. See Index X .

{M 161 5 . 1 73.

(«plow112. 75 .

{43011 5 . 79 ; 5 7 . 1 2 ; 61 268.

6 71611. See 1 I 1163 .

67 1206111 27 . 79. Cf. Index Vand Index VI .177 1711133 7 9 . 25 .

681 24 39. 95 ; 1°

17111 11' 121. I 3 189 .

fil ix oc 27 . 78 .

13111'

pa5 . 5 ; 27 . 83 ; 4 8 . 1 1 ; 61

2 76 ; 8 8 . 3 ; 90. 4 11 saep . ; 91. 25 ;97 . introd. ; 104 . 32 ; 108 . introd. ; 117 .

44-

5 . 7 1 ; 120 98-

9 ; 135 ; 15 6 ; 164

189 ; 191 ; 210. 61111 61117111 12. 19 ; 17 . 3 ,

18 . 3. 11116'

6711710 1 5 8 . 26.

fipc'

npos 27 . 8 1 .

1711101111 105 . 35 ; 109 . 25 ; 110. 5 ; 111. 10.

imam: 104 . 33.

6111011 dpflifiqc. See Index x .

17111011 rc'

raprov. See Index X .

wapo[ (Gem)130.

611-7761 90. 24, 31 ; 112. 48 ; 121. 108.

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656 I NDICE S

1111019 1 11. 14 ; 24 . 78 ; 27 . 74 ; 28 .

l 1 4 ; 5 0. 25 ; 61 (b). 305 ; 7 2. 305 , 3 16 ;7 9 . 33 ; 104 . 38

—9 ; 105 . 33, 42 , 6 1 .

11110611 5 0. 40 ; 18 9 .

«and : 181.

11a1p61~ 5 . 66 ; 24 . 30, 56 ; 27 . 36 ; 29. 1 1,

1 5 ; 5 0. 1 2,1 5 , 61 (b). 35 6 ; 7 2.

124. 35 . 3711010107 10 24 . 7 7 .

11ac 27 . 40.movx fiv 104. 22 .

1111110191113: 61 (b). 370 ; 72. 37 1 .

1111111111111 5 . 199.

1111107111162 120. 77 .

1161111101 61 388 , 426 ; 7 2. 392 , 435 ;105 . 5 , 26, 60 ; 106 . 26 ; 15 2.

xalapovpyd'

v 120. 141 .

xake‘

iv 84 . 66,140, 188

,193 ; 15 1 ; 18 7 ;

222 ; 240 ; 25 5 .

xak1( 120. 5 5 .

1 11161, 1101611 641111 15 . I 6, 34 ; 18 . 2 1 ; 28 .

2 1 ; 38 . 8 ; 61 367 ; 7 2. 367 . 1111216 1‘

11 6 . 5 ; 28 . 10 ; 30. 1 2 ; 31. 13 ;19 ; 5 7 . 7 .

111114 120. 8 1 .

1167117101 25 2.

11811 28 . I 6.mydufpoc. See Index VII (c).xaq 1iov 43 . I 8 230.

111171111111 5 . 66,68 ; 8 . 23, 34.

xaprrdr 27 . 23 ; 105 . 46.

1100-61 8 8 . 2 2 ; 181.

kd f ( 8 5 . 45 .

xarafiainw 37 . 22 .

1111167 1111 92. 1 2 ; 181. 8 .

xarayfywaflm5 . 1 75 ; 38 . 5 , I 5 .

xardyvmoya5 . 4 ; 124. 24.

11117 07 617 1011 35 . 5

° 121. 8 .

«ar c -

767 171011 8.

max 1¢dka1ovG)119 . 6.

xafax kvf11v 5 . 94 ; 4 9 . 8 ,

xarax okovflnv 2 28,

230 ; 7 2. 16 1,165 .

rafakapfiéww 15 . 5 ; 38 . 18.

xarak1( )120. 85 , 105 191.

narakeimw 5 . 109 ; 8 8 . 1 1 ; 60. 6, 46, 50,

88,1 16, 1 2 2 ; 61 (a). 1 59, 166, 190,

395 ; 62 64 (a) 53 ; 66 . 2 2. 2 7 ;67 . 2 1 ; 68 . 31 ; 70. 20 ; 7 4 .

( 07 07 6

19 ; 7 5 . 49, 5 3 ; 11 12111 ; 8 5 . 1 2 ,

98 120

1 16, 129 ; 121. 1 19, 137 ; 222.

xarakoyifew 7 2. 447 .

xarah'ww 8 . 2 7 .

xaraperpd'

v 80. 2 7 ; 80. 27 ; 81 (a). 47—8 ,5 2 , (b). 2 16 , 237 ; 62. 140,

15 8, 294 ; 6 8 .

1 1 3, 134, 2 1 5 ; 64 (a). 67 , 1 25—6 , 1 28—9 ;65 . 1 7 and note ; 66 . 23 ; 7 2. 144, 1 7 4 ,

331 ; 7 4 . 63 ; 7 5 . 18, 50,

80 ; 7 9 . 1 5 ,

32 : 50°

Karat/1711111 61 (a). 1 88, 191 ; 83 . 34 ; 84 (a).16 ; 67 . 18

,23 ; 6 8 . 29 ; 70. 1 7 , 2 1

—2 ;

7 2. 306 , 3 10 ; 8 7 . 62 .

11117 11111611 5 9. 3.

xaraft'nw 61 442 ; 7 2. 431 ; 74 . 5 2 ; 84 .

16.

11117 01111111 5 8 . 44.

xarésrkous 25 . 2,8 ; 26 . 4 ; 27 . 103 ; 28 . 1 4.

xaraw0p16117001 5 . 7 .

xarawpou'vm5 . 190 ; 27 . 6 1 .

xarapr ifflv 8 . 7 ; 24 . 48.

ramp-11117161 38 . 1 2 .

1 111 011f 1111 33 . 8.

1010111111117 5 . 233.maaxomfiu v 230.

11117 110115 1! 5 . 134, 148.

taramropd 8 7 . 74.

(afao'rfkku v 41. 2 1 .

«armox dfiw G)5 8 . 35 .

xararax e'iv 19. I 3 ; 24 . 29.

124 . 23.

1mar11'v1w 7 2. 1 15 .

1 117 111 1017 01 27 . 58, 69, 100 ; 5 2. I 6 ; 8 8 . 68

note.xararpi x u v 41. 31 .

xara¢1p1w 138 .

11am¢v( 112. 2,60

,83

—4 ; 113. 2.

1101 1115117 17 43 . 2 7 .ma¢w 1611v 5 . 94—5 , 202.

xaréq o1c 61 (b). 305 ; 7 2. 3 1 5 .

xaraxmp1 '

1

'

v 24 . 68.

xaraxwpi‘u v 27 . 28 ; 32. 20 81

1 98 ; 67 . 18 ; 6 8 . 28 ; 70. 1 7 .

Ian-177 11610 5 3 . 28.

1101 177 617011 14 8.

xar 1pyéf1o€a1 10. 2 80. 5 7, 70, 78 81

10,103 ; 7 2. 62 ; 7 5 . 19, 30, 7 7 .

5 ; 105 . 32 , 38 ; 149 ; 15 4 ; 242.

xaf 1p-yao'ia81 88 . 9.

X I I . GENERAL

1 111 1717 011 112. 25 .

xm1'px 1a'0m24 . 1 1 .

1 111 137111 5 . 47 , 1 10 ; 5 3 . 25 ; 3, 226 ,233

—4. 2 54:

°1 67. 285 ; 7 2 I 59. 169.

1 7 1 , 239 ; 7 3 . 4, 29 ; 105 . 48 ; 124 . 2 5 .

1111101111211 5 . 1 80 ; 27 . 50 44 . 1 2 124 . 2 , 7mag ic,11117 011 11161

,1161011101. See Index VI .

11117 0707 148 .

xardxmoc 27 67 ; 81 (b). 253 ;

See Index X . 118 82. 18—2 1 .

1118p1'a8 8 . 13.

11110001 5 . 146, 163, 1 65 ; 27 . 7 , 50 ; 33. 5 ;5 2. 1 1 ; 61 2 14, 35 1 , 4 19 ; 7 2. 140,

111116: 241.

0

x ewpfmc 61 426 ; 7 2. 435 15 2.

1117111711139 120. I 25 3 .

111716711011. See Index IX1117107101 112. 5 , 1 2 .

11167 1011 112. introd 190.

M aw» 5 . 1 29 ; 24 . 2 ; 42. 13 ; 61 (b).29, 348 ; 7 2. 338 , 442 ; 7 6 . 9 ; 119 . 2 1 .

138 .mp6: 112. 14.

111111 34 . 1 2 125 .

1111v 7 61 5 . I 73.

1 111111801 208 .

1111180216111: 44 . 2 1 .

11118 1129 : 24 . 30 ; 105 . I 8 108 . 16.

1111015710 710» 190 25 0.

1 7 , 19, 24 ; 31. 4 , 19 ;5 3 . 25 , 28 ; 6l (a).54. 59. 62. 1 1 5 . (6) 74. I n. 237. 253.2 74 ; 62. 6 1

,1 18

,16 1 , 1 7 1 , 175 , 26 1 ;

5 7. I 36. 143. 145 . I 96 ;25

—7 1 78 1 132: I 37 1 142 7 (b)° 6 ; 70° 65 ;

7 9 . 2 ; 81. 18 ; 84 . 20 1!map ; 8 5 . 8,

1 21 301 331 5 9, 7 1 1 87

—8’ 93’ 15 2 ; 8 7 °

25 11 10112 ; 90. introd., 37 , 43

—4 98 .

70 ; 99 . introd., 7 , 49 ; 105 . 2 cl saep. ;106 . 8 1!map ; 107 . 3 ; 116 . 1 1 ; 117 .

-

5 ; 119 - 45 ; 15 8 ;224 ; 239 .

d qpovx d'

v,

11)npovx ia, x kqpovx utdc, d qpofixos‘.

See Index VI .1111151111101 122. I I 25 3 .

INDE X,GREEK

x vfixoc 120.

81 134.

1101110107 111 124 . 10 .

11011161 27 . 30 ; 99 . 59 104 . 29 ; 166 .

110117} 80. 4 ; 104 . I 5 .

xowwvutdr . See Index X .min; 122. 1 ; 17 9 ; 180.

11011 1311 120. I 4.

oaBIK 8 8 . 35 .

11016111110 01 (1101611111101 Pap.)181.

xoplf1 1v 6 . 47 ; 12. 1 5 ; 19. 2 ; 27 .

83 ; 47 . 30°

5 1° 15 6 .

116710 1011 112. 18 9 .

100111111111 1» I 2 .

x o0 x 1v1v1°116mSee Index X .

11601101 45 . 20 ; 4 7 . 1 2 .

See Index IX110141161 103 . 29 112. 49.

xov¢11'a5 . 199.

xovdn'

fu v 72. 445 .

x pdyfiq 112. 9, 1 2 , 42 , 46 ; 117 . 13 ; 122.

10.

x pdvov 39 . 31 230.

1171601 1: 8 3 . 42 . Cf. Index X .

xpare‘

iv 5 . 43, 47 , 73 ; 61 229, 233 ; 7 2.

163, 169 ; 8 8 . 7 , 2 1 , 26.

xpéf os

x pavyr') 15 .

“We” 941 16 1 I 67 1 I 9 11 195 1 I 991

(b). 1 7 11 seeps 11maps66 . 36 ; 6 7 . 6 , 28 , 32 , 98 ;11 saep. ; 69. 13 ; 70. 6 11 saep. ; 7 2. 53

7 9. 28 82 . 26 ; 8 9 . 9 1!map ;

90. 2, 32 ; 93 . 4, 10 ; 94 . 5 11 saep. ;

96 . 19, 2 1 ; 97 . introd 116 . 10, 18 ;

121. 38 122. 6 ; 15 9 18 9 ; 190 ; 208

214 ; 238 ; 262.

x pt’

v1 1v, 5 . 207 ; 5 0. 2 2 ; 5 5 . 4 ;

61 (5) 43 ; 124 5 . 451171101 12301. See Index VI Ia1pt'0 1s' 5 . 2 1 8 ;xp1r 1

'

7p1ov 7 . 2.

11711169 18 8 .

xpdm116 . 23 . 26- 8 ; 117 . 67 .

658 INDICES

xpox dbakoc 33 . 13. 8609 ( pox . See IndexVI I (a).

x poxfiakomtfieiov. See Index VI I

111-ac0m5 . 97 , 242.

«Tim5 . 5 2 ; 120. 9.min: 5 . 18 1 , 234 ; 27 . 5 6, 7 2, 7 5 ; 5 3.

23 ; 5 6 . 8 ; 66 . 75 ; 67 . 19 ; 6 8 . 30 ;

70. 18 ; 72. 307 .

x éapor 90. 38.

112. 42 , 47 , 7 513.

x vpu écw 1M 1 5 , 47.

110p (subst)5 147 ; 10 ;

13 ; 124 . 23 ; (adj .andadv.) 5 . 43, 5 1 ,t 34f r . 11. 19 ; 104.

41 ; 105 . 36, 5 2 , 62-

3 ; 110. 13 ; 124 .

25 ; 15 6 .

«016m5 . 224 ; 105 . 3 1.

xwpépx qc, xapapx t'a. See Index V.

5 . 59, 137 , 15 2 ; 9. 6 ; 10. 3 ; 12. 6 ;13 . 6, 9, 18 ; 14 . 3, 18 , 19 ; 15 . 4, 6, 8,

5 , 7 ; 24 . 24, 40 ; 26 . 1 5 ; 27 .

7 1 ; 28 . 1 2 ; 29 . 6 ; 35 .

38 . 3, 1 2 , 16 ; 39. 6 ; 1 5 , 19, 25 ;1 5 , 45 ; 43 . 7 , 45 . 13 ; 46 .

13 ; 4 7 . 6,10 ;

6l (a).1 5 7 , 40, 289,

369 ; 14, 63 .

24- 5 , 197 ; 64 (a} . 25—6 ; 6 5 . 1 7 , 11010 ;66 59, 7 6. 78 ; 67 7 2 39, 369,

454- 6 ; 7 6 . 2 , 1 2 ; 7 7 . 3 ; 7 8 . 5 ; 80.

33 5 82- 31 40 ; 84 - 3, 5 . 6 ; 8 5 . 4 ; 8 8

4 ; 92. 9 ; 93 . 5 1 ; 96 . 3 ; 5 1 ;105 . 1 2 , 4 1 , 46 ; 106 . 2 7 ; 109 . 2 1 ; 116 .

38 ; 120. 1 7 , 1 26 ; 123. 16 ; 15 1 ; 15 4 ;161. 1 2 ; 210 ; 222 230 ; 25 5 .

xwpoypappara'a, xwpoypappafl See Index V.

x copoymflmr' p 183 .

Xaépxwa0)34 (0) 145Map a. See Index VI .

Xaufiaww 5 . 5 1—2

, 2 13, 263 ;24. 99 ; 27 . 1 , 32 ,

28 . 18 ; 30. 1 ; 31. 1 ; 32. 20 ; 34 . 3 ;37 . 22 ; 40. 1 ; 61 (b). 5 , 2 28 ; 64 (a).5 4, 80 ; 7 2. 1 62 ; 104 . 33.

A650: 121. 13.

Xaoypacj fia103. 1 121. 6 1 189.

kaoxpcnic. St e Index V.

Xaxava'a60. 39 ; 8 6 . 43, 50.

Aaxav éc 117 . 73.avov 86 . 20 ; 112. 2 1 ; 117 . 13, 14 , 24.

M 95 . 9.

kc'

ycw 13 . 7 , 1 2 61 (b). 135 ; 84 . 202 ; 8 5 .

4, 1 12 ; 8 6 . 4.

M ia5 . 7.

M e'mw 5 . 106 .

M crovpyc'a5 . 66, 18 1 32. 4 ; 124. 40.

M crovpymfv. See Index X I .lu rcvpyutdc 8 8 . 3 clmap.

Awards 112. 14, 2 7 .

M ( 81. 30 8 2. 8.

Ari-yew 16 . 9 ; 24. 33.

1131111009. See Index IXkfippa115 . 23 120. 92.

A996: 120. 5 7.

lunatic 5 3. 1 1 .

AFN/cc 23 8 .

k.( )123 . 7and note, 8.

May 12. 24 27 . 34.

71486: 14 . 19 ; 84—7 . pan-1m; 94 . 1 105 .

14—6 ; 106 . 10

,1 2

,13 ; 15 1

—2 ; 17 3 ;18 7 .

“Go: 25 2.

209.

Avatar s?» 5 . 238.

kwvtpavmufc 5 . 242.

kind» : 5 . 239, 249.

A0( )124 . 41 .

koydpwr 20. 8.

Amie 5 8 . 5 5 .

).o-ya'

nw 5 . 139, 15 5 ; 6. 26, 36, 38.

Rayon-61. See Index V.

koycv-rutév. See Index X .

Aoywpés 68 . 1 22.

koyww'

lptov 24. 1 2 , 28, 38.

71670: 23 . 13 ; 24 . 19 ; 26 . 14 ; 27 . 16 , 101

5 0. 34 ; 61 363 ; 72. 36 1 7 9. 5 58 2. 3 ; 104 . 2 , 1 2 ; 112. introd.

,

2, 30, 38 , 43 ; 113 . 1 ; 115 . 1

, 1 2, 13

119 . 5 1 120. 1 27 ; 121. 139 ; 131 ;—5 ;

229 ; 241 ; 250- 2.

kc cbope'

iv 44 . 16.

M noypatfieiv 112. 34, 43, 74 ; 193 .

1041161 5 . 2 1 ; 8 . 4, 18 ; 27 . 73, 105 ; 28.

18 ; 4 7 . 18 ; 48 . 25 ; 5 8 . 48 ; 61 (a). 8,

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660

7 3 . 1 1 ; 82. 38 , 42 ; 84 .

165 ; 8 5 . 7 5 , 89, 1 13, 1 28 ; 8 6 . 44 ;

8 7 . 7 2 , 8 1 ; 8 8 . 54 ; 90. 43 ; 91. 5 ;

94 . 10,28

, 32 , 34 ; 98 . 30, 36 ; 100.

1 7 ; 120. 138.

perpeiv 10. 6 11. 1 1 13 . introd. 22. 1 336 . 8 ; 61 (a). 48 ; 64 2 1

, 24, 26-

7 ;66 . 6 1 . 88. 92 ; 7 2. 244. 2 5 7. 335 .

45 2 ; 7 5 . 7 ; 8 9 . 1 1 , 2 7 ; 93 . 3 e!map ; 94 . 4 el saep. ; 97 . 1 98 . 399 . 13, 26, 29 ; 100. 5 , 10, 1 8 ; 111. 10 ;

1 8 ; 15 9 ; 17 4 ; 210 ; 214 .

pef pr)( 99. introd.pérpqcm11. 6

,13 ; 105 . 41 109 . 2 1 210.

[151p 16 . 7 .

pe’rpov. See Index IX . e

'

v pérptp 17 . 7 18 . 7 .

pe’

x p.27 . 10 1 ; 5 0. 26 , 32 ; 61 13 ; 7 2.

1 68 ; 120. 1 43 ; 124 . 37 ; 18 3 ; 230.

71 1?c (withinfin.)12. 2 2 ; 14 . 7 ; 20.

4 , 9 ; 29. 1 7 ; 4 8 . 1 1 ; 72. 192 ; 210.

111781111631 24 . 5 .

7117661101 1 5 7 . 6.

7161109 164 .

7117710114) 38 . 22 .

pay (subst.) 14 . 14 ; 15 2 ; 16 . 4, 1 1 24 .

1 8 , 38 ; 38 . 4 ;

43 . 20 ; 4 8 . 1 5 ; 61 3 1 5 ; 8 9 . 1 7 ,20

,24, 43 104 . 7 105 . 4 e! saep. ; 106 .

5 , 2 7 ; 109 . 9, 19 ; 110. 6 ; 120. 42 ,

1 37 ; 140 ; 166 .

M7V (particle). See Jp ri».

116 1107 6 43 . 2 2 44 . 26 ; 5 8 . 30.

1161 46 . 1 8 ; 117 . 14 ; 164 .

71177 716110t 24 . 25 ; 92. 5 .

;u x pés 61 (a). 75 , 91 , 1 2 1 ; 62. 196, 2 19,2 74 ; 63 . 35 . 1 5 6, 167 , 200 ; 84 . 87 ;9 8 . 1 13 ; 135 ; 243 .

5 . 25 1 ; 8 9. 14 e! saep. ; 117 .

5 2 e! seep ; 120. 1 1 1—2 ; 169 ; 17 4 ;191.

71100o 5 . 1 2 ; 6 . 30 ; 60. 59 ; 61 16,

2 1, 4 1

—2, 45 , 8 7 , 108 , 1 26

,1 28 , 2 29 ;

6 6 . 8 ; 6 7 . 94 ; 72. 24, 163, 189, 199,203, 2 77 ; 105 . 2 , 1 2 , 5 5 ; 106 . 1 , 6 ;107 . 2

,8 ; 108 . 1 ; 120. 132 .

71100100 1: 5 . 1 1,102 13 . introd. ; 24 . 3 41.

18, 32 ; 42. 10

,14 ; 4 5 . 1 1 ; 61 13 ;

7 2. 1 87 ; 7 4 . 6, 2 1 , 35 ; 7 5 . 97 .

.1 105 . 5atme} ; 106 . 14,23 ;

120. 1 2 2 ; 15 2. 311162 7110060 10 9 60. 7 ;

I NDI CE S

61 (a). 1 5 4, 104 ; 62. 335 ; 7 2. 63 ;

7 9 . 8 , 2 3, 26, 28 ; 84 . 8,1 1 15 2.

p oem-61 8 6 . 19, 43 94 . 24.

“1001162177101 28 . 19.

;m‘

i. See Index IXpmua'iov. See Index IX (a).M ( 8 6 I 5. 36. 5°

71116710 10 166 .

74611609 121. 5 2 , 84.

MM : 19. 10 ; 24 . 35 ; 61 (b). 378 ; 7 2. 380 .

pomp6¢or. See Index V.

pdvov, pi )pévov 2 78 ; 66 . 77—8.

pdax os 5 . 1 83.

povauc( )208 .

floxovpés‘ 24 ~ 5 7

npacG)130.

pupixwos 45 . 37 ; 47 . 35 .

p i pe» 112. 35and note ; 25 0.

711410116c 229.

vaéfiwv. See Index X .

vavx kqpopéxmoc. See Index VI .vafikov 112. 7 2 ; 116 . 1 2 ; 120. 37 ; 121 .

50—1 209

we'

pav 5 3 . 9.

ve'

os 11. 7 ; 3 15 , 32 1 ; 7 2. 327 ; 105 .

40 ; 109 . 20 ; 120. 139.

vcérrepos 24 . 65 ; 106 . 13 ; 119 . 18.mm¢dpos 43 . 28.mrpuu'y. See Index X .m'rpov 120. 75 ; 182.

123 . 7 .

woeiv 24 . 7 7.voyapx e'iv, vopépx qc. See Index V.

wow} 60. 41 , 8 1 ; 61 (e). 1 5 4, 1 58, 192 , 22066 . 75 ; 6 7 . 3, 25 , 60 ; 6 8 . 34, 69 ; 69 .

4. 37 ; 70 2 2. 58 ; 71. 13 ; 7 2. 34.

36. 43. 5 2. 7 4 2 2 ; 7 9 7e! seep. 8 9 . 5 ; 106 . 1 2 ; 169 .

uop ifm6 . 1 , 48 ; 24 . 32 ; 5 0. 1 1 .

vdp wpa. See Index IXwipes 5 . 2 1 7 , 2 20.

nome.

’

See Index IV (a). row}8 7

vdrov 14 . 19 62. 190at seep ; 84- 7 pass1'm;

105 . 13, 1 5 , 16 ; 106 . 9, 1 1,13 ; 15 1 ;

164 ; 17 3 ; 222.

no. 22. 10 ; 23 . 10 ; 27 . 42 ; 1 13124 . 37 . 1111 424. 59.

X I I . GENERAL I NDE X , GREEK

1355 48 . 10 ; 5 4 . 8 ; 61 (b). 288 ; 138 ; 230.

11617 00 21. 8 .

van-011167109 115 . 7 , 22 .

56m33 . 1 1 .

ffmx dc 5 . 33, 2 2 1 ; 121. 100 ; 25 3 . ff”pinu p. See Index V.

56 01 118 . 4, 1 2 ; 121. 1 1 1 ; 17 7 ; 224 ; 226 .

£11516: 190.

51111116 8 . 26.

fékov 5 . 205 112. 5 , 9, 20,1 24.

o wdpovpor. See Index VI .686: 84 . 32 , 35 , 37 , 40

— 1 ; 8 5 . 91 , 1 1 5 , 1 20,144 ; 86 . 5 2 ; 121. 32 , 4 1 ; 15 1.

38 . 1 2 ; 39 . 20 ; 43 . 20 ; 5 4 . 7 .

606111011 5 . 64 ;071110111 24 . 26.

oe‘

iv 6 . 40 ; 104 . 2 1 .

03111301 23 . 2 .

ohu'a5 . 99, 101 , 1 35 , 149, 1 75 , 232 , 260 ;16 . 13 ; 27 . 1 5 ; 39 . 8

,1 5 , 19 ;

40. 1 1 ; 45 . 19 ; 46 . 9 ; 47 . 8 ; 5 2. 8 ;5 4 . 5 ; 104 . 2 1

,1 2

,13 ;

264 .

03108071e 5 . 135 , 1 49.

0211086510: 120. 27 ; 121. 1 29.

0111011071127 27 . 9, 23 ; 124 . 34.

olx ovopc’a8 . 28 ; 27 . 64 ; 30. 18 ; 31. 18.

Cf. Index V.

ot

x ovépoc. See Index V.

olx os 38 . 5 , 14, 18 ; 46 . 18 ; 5 8 .

63 ; 104 . 29 ; 117 . 10 11me} ; 118 . 8,

1 5 ; 120. 53, 7 1 , 1 16 ; 121. introd.,2 7 .

e’

f o‘

i'

x ov 109. 1 8 120. 7 .

alméc 5 . 184.

olvos 8 . 22 112. introd., 36 ; 117 . 2 2 ;118 . 2

, 9, 16 ; 120. 6 1—2,

136 ; 121.

introd., 35 , 7 2 122. 2 16 8 ; 17 9 ; 18 8 ;

200 ; 213 ; 224 ; 234 ; 25 3 .

ofvox dos 122. introd.43 . 44. 0369 1101 1 61 237 ; 7 2.

1 74 124 . 25 .

ofx eeOac 5 2. 7 .

dh’yos 17 . 9 24 . 40.

dkcywpc'

i v 27 . 43.

87109 33 . 16 ; 99 . 70 ; 105 . 6, 27. mi s871012 61 33. 3ko¢s t

'

nrfloyov 61

661

3261 328 , 335 1 337 1 343-

5 ; 64 (0)40, 5 8marg.

, 92 , 99, 103, 106 ; 8 9 . 63,67. 75 .amp. 61 (a). 16 1 , 167 , (b). 86 e! secp. ; 66 .

36 ; 6 7 . 6,65 ; 6 8 . 70. 6, 63 ;

7 2. 80 e! seep. 8 9 . 9.

dpakt'few 105 . 26 , 59.

648m 1 32. 1 34. 1 5 5 . 15 7. 163.169, 187 ; 7 2. 7 1 , 10 1 ; 7 4 . 38 ;7 5 . 5 7 .

22. 1 3 ; 37 . 6 ; 7 8 . 13.

611000v 40. 8.

5710105 27 . 7 7 124 . 13. dynt'as‘ 61

2 25 ; 7 2. 1 5 8 . 81 seeps u .

8, ; 5 3 . 1 5 ; 61 (e). 35 ,

991 1 891 (6) 98 100 1 73 ; 64 (a)° 35 193 ; 6 7 . 2 2 ;

— 10 ;

7 5 . 1 8 ; 7 9. 34 ; 8 7 . 34 ; 100. 18 ; 112.

86—7 ; 113 . 10 ; 116 . 1 3 ;117 . 9. 47. 5 5

—6 ; 119 29 ; 120 97 .1 1 2

7139 ; 121° 5 41 5 61 631 66 1 1 4 1 ;

122. 5 ; 123 . 1,1 4 124. 28 ; 140 ; 219 .

67101031121: 11. 4 ; 99 . 62 ; 104 . 1 , 8 , 37 ;105 . 1

,10

, 54 ; 107 . 1 ; 111. 4 ;

15 6 ; 164 .

dpokoyia99 . 62 , 70 104 . 44.

6M oyos 105 . 49.

67167 11101. See Index V.

6111711107401 81 293.

103 . 34 ; 112. 5 .

8mm24 . 65 ; 28 . introd. ; 32. 22 ; 38 . 13 ;

39 . 28.

81109 120. 49.

850: 2 1 .

011100 17 8 .

6117 6111111

6pc1v6: 61 (b). 160 ,18 7 ; 7 2. 7 2 , 102 .

0p069 19 . 1 1 ; 23 . 7 .

dpl-

yarov (171175)112. introd.

010109 27 33. 53.

5111111 5 . 184 ; 112 . 27 ; 117 . 65 ;

5pm60. 42 .

13, 2 1 .

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564 INDICES

45 . 29 ; 46 . 25 ; 4 7 . 27 ; 48 . 23 ; 5 0.

36 ; 5 6 . 9, 15 ; 5 7 . 8 ; 61 (b). 2 7 ; 7 9 .

5 5 ; 61. introd. ; 104 . 165 ; 16 7 ;

163 .

110101 25 . 18.

11610: 116 . 2 2 , 29.

1161 111130: 5 . 1 70.

1167111 (Alexandria)5 . 28 ; 27 . 103 28 . 14 ;

33 . 5 ; 61 (b). 97 ; 7 2. 5 5 ; 17 6 . (A1sinoe?) 21. 5 ; 5 9 . 4 (P); 8 6 . 2 e! saep. ;

120. 73, 79, 84, 1 10 ; 121. 3, 4, 42 , 50 ;1111116111 1119 1: 5 . 1 38 , 1 5 4.

wol f-mum32. 9, 1 7 .

110111 1116: 5 . 25 7 208 .

110161 12. 1 5 ; 36 . 2 ; 5 6 . 5 .

1tap1iar 5 . 196 ; 112. 7 2 121. 50 ; 195 ; 206 .

116m: 7 5 . 6.

uop¢6pa112. introd. ; 117 . 38-

9and note ;120. 3.

flopcbvpun'

; 8 . 3 1 .

w ands- 24 . 1 5 ; 25 . 23 ; 92. 3.

1ro11'

7p10v 8 . 2 7 120. 4 1 127 ; 231.

1tar1'{c1u 50. 4, 24 ; 365 ; 72. 362

1101 5 0. 16, 1 7 , 29 ; 106 . 2 1 .

1rpa( 209 . Cf. Index X .

“pawn5 . 248 ; 19. 9 ; 24 . 19 ; 27 . 79, 104 ;39. 13 ; 42. 1 7 ; 5 0. 3.

npaypcmia5 . 143, 16 1 , 1 79 ; 24 . 29 ; 61 (b).2 15 ; 112. 1 10 ; 113 . 6 ; 124 .

45npaypaffl'

ow ‘om8 . I 6 37 72. 448.

1rpaypaf 1x dc 5 8 . 18.

1rpax rop11'a27 . 106 4 5 . 9 ; 126 .

117101 1611110: 72. 463.

updx rmp. See Index V.

11306811102 72. 294.

was“ 5 . 22 7 ; 109 . 26.

1rp6¢m115 . 8 ; 117 . 1 8 ; 119 . 48 120. 74.

117160011 117 . 14 (P), 75 ; 191.11p60

'

011v 5 . 30, 96 ; 6 . 44 ; 6 . 24, 32 23 .

8 ; 3 5 . 4 ; 37 . 19 ; 5 7 . 7 ; 61 (b).282 , 377 ; 66 7 7 ; 6 7 75 ; 6 8 83 ;7 2. 379, 466 ; 100. 14 ; 105 . 48, 50 ;1M 43

-

4.

117110867 1710: 18 8 . Cf. Index V.

1rp6min-mv 13 . 20 ; 5 0. 39 ; 5 3 . 24.

1rpo( 117161adverbial 82. 44 ; 8 3 . 2,

29 ; 94 . 2 , 10.

”pod-

yaw43 . 27 .

1rpoa‘yvo1'

1'

v 23. 1 2 .

1rpoa1p1'

1'

v 112. 3 1 28 . 6 .

1rpoavrava1p1'1'v 61 (b). 2 19 7 2. 147 .

npdfiarov 5 3 . 7 , 18 ; 64 16 ; 72. 232 ,

239, 26 1 , 289 ; 6 7 . 63 ; 17 9 .

117008016 5 . 22 5 .

npoyeope-rpe

‘

iv 64 . 65 e! saep. 6 7 . 25 ct saep .

15 1.

wpé-

yovos 7 6 . 14 ; 124. 4.

wpéypappa24 . 28 ; 25 . 1 7 ; 27 . 62, 7 1 , 107 ;

35 . 8.

wpwpd¢1w 11. 14 ; 13 . 16 ; 38 . 24 ; 39 . 1 550. 1 1 , 23 ; 61 (a). 1 1 104 . 38 , 40 ;

105 . 16, 34, 40, 43, 6 1 ; 109 . 3138 ; 15 6 .

1171081710311 8 . 44.

1rp061010y10p ¢51 8 9 . 2 17 4 ; 288 .

wpdbopa42. 1 5 .

1rp018p1'a23. 8.

1rp01 118186va1 27 . 59.

1rp01x x 1i ¢r€a1 5 . 2 24.

1rp01v1xvpdf11v 81 274.

1rp01111ypd¢1 1v 80. 82 7 8 . 1 1 .

11p01¢11'

va1 120. 96.

1173601011 27 . 8 1 .

117200141120001 23 . 1 1 40. 10.

1171601710: 5 9 . 9.

1rp011'

va1 6 . 5 ; 24 . 53 ; 27 . 82 .

11710107 60111 5 . 58 ; 27 . 54 ; 5 3 . 8 .

See Index V.

1151011110001 11. 15 ; 14 . 7, 16 ; 24 . 75 ; 27 .

74 ; 29 . 1 7 ; 30. 23 ; 42. 13 ; 4 6 . 1 1 ;

50 4 1 ; 60. 35. 44, 97 ; 61 (a) 156,

(b). 248, 305 , 348 ; 64 (b). 5 ; 66 . 2 1 ;

7 2. 22 2, 305 , 316, 338 ; 7 8 . 16 ; 7 9. 33 ;

105 . 2 2,28 , 33, 43 ; 120. 38 at 12111 ;

121. 135 ; 140 ; 164 ; 230.

npoke'

yew 27 . 44 ; 105 . 2 7 .

npovoe’

i v 6 . 7 ; 16 . 23 ; 24 . 44 ; 27 . 36, 67 ,69, 102 ; 26 . 1 7 ; 40. 1 2 ; 48 . 35 , 44.

”4106418011102 28 . 1 8 .

1rp61ra1m02 63 . 33, 38 ; 64 (a). 15 , 19.

1171011511 111! 66 . 76, 78.

wpoaayyda’a16 . 2 1 38 . 8 ; 48 . 16 ; 136 .

wpooayyfkkew 5 . 40 ; 38 . 13 ; 48 . 24 ; 44 .

23 ; 61 47 , (b). 89, 91 , 2 16, 2 20,

290 ; 64 a). 1 26 ; 66 . 1 1 ; 72. 143, 148 ,

443 ; 7 3 . 2 ; 7 4 . 4, 1 1 ; 7 5 . 1 7 , 25 ; 264 .

npoadyyekpa18 . 1 2 ; 19 . 1 1 24. 3 1 ; 39 .

35 ; 7 3 . 2 ; 7 6 . 16.

X I I . GENERAL

11710067 1111 5 . 5 8, 235 ; 19 . 6 ; 4 7 . 1 5 ; 5 8 .

20 ; 60. 69, 7 7 , 86, 99, 1 1 1 , 1 20 ; 61 (b).I : 2: 339 49: 55 , 65 : 981 1899 2641

35 2 , 38 1 , 399 ; 64 2 ; 66 . 10 ; 6 8 .

18, 70 ; 72. 35 , 56, 104, 187 , 200,2 1 7 ,

282, 342, 384. 408. 45 1. 466 ; 7 4~ 33 ;

7 5 . 44.

”poo-0707 1} 20. 6 ; 7 2. 449.

”poaamkapfiéww 25 . 1 2.

t poaamfi évm99 . 5 .

npooampe'pew 15 . 20 ; 16 . 3, 2 2 ; 24 . 35 ;26 . 22 ; 82. 2 1 ; 86 . 8 ; 61 (b). 286 ;64 (b). 1 7 ; 7 2. 263.

11p00’

111r08106va1 105 . 49.

upon-

717 1110001 25 . 1 2 ; 81 65 , 95 , 105 ;6 8 . 70 ; 7 2. 65 ; 8 9 . 7 ;

40, 70, 79, 109 ; 116 . 5 3 ; 121.

102 15 4 ; 165 ; 18 6 ; 190.

11p00‘51( )120. 1 18 .

1rp0081'

1'

0'001 23 . 6 ; 29 . I 6 ; 5 9 . 8 .

11730086 30001 27 . 82 ; 38 . 4.

”poo-81861101 5 . 98.

1141008011111 24 . 4 1 .

1rp0080x6209 .

11p0018p11'a24 . 39.

1rp00'

18p11511v 24 . 30 ; 27 . 95 ; 48 . 9 ; 5 8 . 1 ,

26, 53 ; 375 ; 7 2. 378.

“pawn-M 1000: 5 8 . 5 2 .

1rp001£ wpi¢rx 1w 81 (b). 196 72. 1 13.

11p0011r11'01

'

1

'

v 27 . 80.

flpwmme'

kku v 27 . 95 .

11'

p00 1'

px 10001 37 . 4 ; 6 7 . 92.

See Index V11npoofx cw 24 . 76.

1rp00'

1'

7111w 27 . 109 ; 5 3 . 24 ; 104 . 14, 16.

1111001101111 24 . 45 ; 27 . 107 ; 49 . 1 5 ; 5 8 . 5 .

1rpoax 1¢¢ika10v 127 .

wpookapfiéww 61 (a). 2, 5 , 2 1

, 31 , 5 2 , 108,1 29, (b). 2 1 7 , 241 ; 62 . 8

, 1 16, 189marg.,

2 54 ; 63 19, 95. 190 ; 64 (d) 46. 62.

83, 130 ; 7 2. 144, 1 79 ; 7 9 . 5 1 ; 105 .

112. 53.

1111601174111 , upookédnms 07 50111101. See Index

1rp00'71011

'

fcw 61upoako'yw pds 124 . 29.

99 . 39.

11p00’

p11p1'

1

'

v 92. 9 124 . 41

11p60'

0802 5 . 74, 140, 1 5 7 , 2 1 1 ; 6 . 30, 39,

42 ; 72. 2 78 ; 99 . 30 ; 124 . 41. 3111 7 6 11

INDE X,GREEK

1rp0068mv. See Index V. 110121 162 11710068001‘

5 . 89. apyvpuu‘

) 117160080: 8 . 16.

11m”p60 . See Index VI I (J).1rp(60

'

0802P) x 1xmp1a711'w; 117160 . 80.

1 26 ; 61 (b). 9, 250 ; 1 56 7 . 93 ; 7 2. 2 24, 260 ; 7 6 . 4 ; 7 7 . 4 ,

7 6 . 6 ; 61. 4, 19 ; 63 . 49 ; 84 . 25 , 2098 7 . 7 , 5 3, 59. x 1xmp10pe'vq 83 . 50 ; 8 7 .

9. 17 114666 080: 64 (b). 16 ; 7 2. 263. 17 81:

85 ; 24 . 28 . 1 4 ; 3 8 .

3 ;1171607 07110 5 . 206

,2 2 5 , 2 29, 264 ; 61 (b).

2 24 ; 7 2. 156 ;1111007 600 11» 5 . 6 e! saep. 8 . 41 7 . 1 24 .

69 ; 32. 1 2 , 13 ; 22 7 , 230,

236 ; 7 2. 160,165 , 1 73 ; 124 . 33, 38 ;

183 .

1171001 01 112 20. 5 .

npoc rérqs. See Index V.

117100 1 17190 1: 5 . 63.

” 66 1-mow 5 . 133, 203.

upommdo'aew 3 8 . 26 ; 45 . 29 ; 48 . 25 ; 47 .

27 ; 50. 36.

1rp00¢1'

p11v 27 . 14, 45 38 . 10,18 43 . 13,

44

1rp6¢r¢opoc 66 . 1 5 e!map .

”poadwn'

iv 27 . 109 124 . 2 1 .

1rp00x 0p1n1'

1

'

v 27 . 5 7 ; 81 360 ; 7 2. 356.

1rp61'

1p0v 5 . 8 ; 6 . 40 ; 24 . 5 7 39 . 4 ; 61 (a).13

—4 1 pas-sim, 107 , (b). 20, 45 , 1 1 2 , 202 ,

2 1 8 ;1 18

,1 24, 189 ; 64 (a). 5 7 e!map ; 65 .

1 7 note, 25 ; 6 7 . 91 ; 7 2. 40,1 2 2 , 146,

446 ; 7 3 . 9, 29 ; 7 7 . 5 ; 80. 8 ; 84 . 1 49,1 50, 2 18. 2 2 5 ; 8 5 8 6

93 . 6 ;

1rpov1rox 120001 81 (b). 354, 35 8 ;0

7 2. 346, 353.

1rp0<p1'

p11v 29 . 7 ; 81 (b). 363 ; 7 9.

1 7 99 . introd . 48 ; 112. introd.

”M arcia, 1rpo¢fims. See Index VI I (c).1rp0x 11p1

'

f11v 24 . 42 ; 27 . 2 2 32. 9; 100. 1 2 ;124 . 9.

1rp0x 11poypé¢os 112. 1 16.

666 INDICES

”poxpfifa238 .

upé cpoc 27 . 25 , 76.

117261102, «pan-ou 5 6 10. 1171631 01 lcpdv. See Index VI I 11738 1 6 1 41116 9. See Index V.

wads 41. 3.

1n'

1M 5 . 34.

”1111061110801 15 . 8.mfip'yoc 47 . 1 6.

1167111102 29 . 1 5 .

1rvp61‘ 9 . 6, 16 ; 7 , 10,

1 2 13 . introd. ;19 . 7 ; 25 . 20 ; 4 8 . 9, 1 4 ; 4 9 . 13 ; 5 0.

16, 31

- 2, 42 5 4 . 2 1 5 7 . 5 ; 5 8 . 2 1

, 4 1

60. 106 ; 61- 64 (a). passz'm; 6 4

25 , 29 ; 65 . 1 7 ,note ; 6 6 . 14, 29 ;67 . 6 cl saep. ; 6 8 . 6 at seep ; 69 . 5 , 7 ,2 1 70. 5 e! saep. ; 7 2. 53 el saep. ; 7 5 .

introd. ; 7 9- 8 8 . passt'm; 8 7 . 4 ctmap ;

8 8 . 13 ; 8 9 . 9 ctmap ; 90. introd.,2 ;

91. 2 at 98—4 . panim; 95 . 4 ;96 100. 8

,19 ; 105 . 2 cl seep ;

106 . 1 5 ; 107 . 5 , 6 ; 108 . 3, 4 109 . 3,14, 16, 20 ; 110. 4 ; 111. 6

, 7 ; 112. 5 8

1 13, 1 19 ; 7 , 13, 14 ; 115 . 3 el saep. ,

116 . 1,6, 8, 32 ; 117 . 1 21men; 119 . 2 e!

seep- s 120 44, 46 , 7 2, 96 , 101 , 103 ;121. 140 ; 123 . 6 cl seep ; 124 . 14, 18

,

42 ; 185 ; 149 ; 169 ; 171—2 17 4—5 ;

18 8 ; 208 ; 210 ; 224 ; 229 ; 282 ; 28 8 .

111111210 5 . 23 1 .

5088107161 119 . 46 ; 229 .

7368801 44 . 20.

1506101417 111 42. 16.

73690 6 1 7 9 . 1 7 ; 244 .

5171-1111) 130.

{515117 1 111 4 8 . 23.

7566 121. 10 ; 18 9 .

flow? 27 . 79

,666 1: 108 . introd. ; 120. 9.

13010 61101, 171110 00, ( 11110 1701 , 1'

pp5 0'6111 8 . 50 ;

10. 8 ; 12 . 2,

18 ;17 . 16 ; 1 1 ; 21.

1 2 ; 25 . 7 ; 26 . 24 ;27 .

5 5 . 2,1 1 ; 5 6 . 18 ; 5 7 . 5 8 . 6 1 ;

5 9. 2, 9 ;

06111109. See Index I Xomodx fpoc 39 . 26.

0avp1'7rnc 5 7 . 4 ; 211.

( 7 11117 06 12. 1 2 , 26 ; 19. 1 5 ; 20. 10 ; 5 5 . 9.

0M : 40. 7 .

013100111 5 9 . 1 1 .

0 1207111 41. 2 2 .

0174101111111 6 . 42 ; 18 . 14 ; 14 . 1 2 ; 15 . 26 ; 16 .

9 ; 19 . 4, 9 ; 25 . 28 . 14 ; 80. 3 ,

81. 20 ; 8 8 . 1 7 ; 89 . 1 4 ;

5 2. 1 5 ; 61 38 , 2 1 5 , 22 2 , 2 26, 266 ,28 1

, 408 ; 72. 141 , 15 2 , 160, 4 18 ; 7 9 .

14, 48 ; 106 . 2 7 ; 188 .

06111710» 21. 9 184 .

0 1( )119 . 3 ; 128 . 1 2—4.

aibqpoc. See Index IX01mm9 . 13, 9.

01v86v 182.

01107 017 111 5 7 . 1 2 .

0 111 1162 5 . 1 1,102

,185 ; 24. 3 ; 61 37 ;

7 2. 449 ; 8 9 . 2 ; 17 4 .

0 110 116111710: 120. 1 25 .

0 110107 1211, 0 11 0107 10, 0110115701 . See Index V.

011 0: 8 . 6,24 61 (a). 205 ; 66 . 4 1 6 7 . 39,

66, 69 ; 6 8 . 7 , 47 , 78, 8 1 69. 20 ; 70.

36 ; 80. 9 ; 89 . 30 ; 117 . 45 ; 15 9- 60.

01ro¢6p02 84 (a). 3.

0110011011 45 . 39 47 . 36.

84 . 1 2 ; 40. 9 210.

0 xwdf1w 5 . 60.

0110111100 45 . 4 1.

0 116718011 70. 40 .

010W : I 8 . 15 ; 41. 7 ; 4 8 . 2 2 .

01101 161 8 8 . 5 , 14, 18, 22 .

061 5 4 . 4 .

0 11681) 112. introd.may 4 8 . 19 ; 188 .

01:11pm27 . 72 5 4 . 7 ; 60. 1 2 clamp ; 61 (a).168, 182 , 2 19, (b). 9, 299, 305 , 325 ,

329mars. 364. 396 ;98. 1 14. 329. 338. 340 ; 66 . z . 28. 5 5 .60 ; 6 7 . 3, 9, 58 , 62 , 90 ; 6 8 . 3, 20, 67 ,

7 5 ; 69 . 4. 70. 3. 8. 56.7 1 3. 4. 15 ; 7 2 305 . 316. 362 .404 ;7 8 . 8 1. 7 ; 82. 88 . 1 cl

saep . ; 8 5 . 70 ; 8 9 . 5 ; 107 . 4 ; 170.mu'pya22. 7 , 8 , 1 7 ; 61 (a). 186 , 188-

9,

2 20. (6) 299. 35 5. 361. 387 . 391 ; 06

58 ; 6 7 . 16,18

,20

, 59 ; 68 . 26 , 28 , 68 :

69 . 37 ; 70. 16. r7. 5 7 ;

348. 35 7. 391. 396 ; 96 7 ” Sam; 10518 ; 106 . 16 ; 108 . 4.

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668 INDICES

0001111117850 15 . 4.

000160711160 18 . 8 .

0001'

px 10001 34 . 4.

0001x 110 12. 4, 5 .

0001x 171 41. 8 .momma61 33.

0011016001 24 . 1 1 27 . 16, 35 , 76 ; 8 8 . 2 ;

44 . 14 ; 61 (e). 164.

00010 1073110 24 . 5 1 .

001170110 24 . 30.

0610301 119 . 2 2,25 , 30.

24. 5 7 .

00411f110 82. 2 .

0001 0111 11169. See Index V.

06110312. See Indices V,VI

,and X .

0001 1100110 8 . 5 ; 14 . 9 24 . 13 ; 27 . 98 ,108 ; 19 ; 81. 13, 19 ;8 9 . 35 ; 40. 13 ; 5 8 . 2 7 ; 5 4 . 2 2 ; 105 .

4 1 106 . 28 .

000111110 5 . 246.

0010 11110 5 . 187 88 . 10 ; 105 . 47 .

w vrp1'

x 11v 4 8 . 26.

001041176110 24 . 10 ; 45 . 2 1 ; 4 7 . 13 , 1 8.

evnvyx évew 22. 3 ; 23 . 14.

00017101 1610001 124 . 3 1 .

0¢payic 105 . 13, 1 5 ; 106 . 2,8, 9 ; 1 64 .

0¢0p181ov 120. 7 7 .

0¢ up1s° 117 . 20.

0x 1860 5 8 . 58.

6776 0 16 1 . See Index IXe xomo-pds 12. 7 ; 61 (b). 333- 8 , 340.

06> { 11v 5 8 . 1 1 .

06110 5 2. 13.

0101101 11160 95 . 10.

101010 5 . 30.

relaurwple 27 . 40.

1 1110111 00. See Index IXfar 5 . 1 7 1 .

16511 61 (b). 420 ; 7 2. 429.

)120. 1 2 2.

11100110 5 . 8 1, 108

,144, 162 , 248 ; 6 . 26 ;

26 . 3 ; 27 . 45 , 65 ; 35 . 2 ; 61 (e). 1 1,

165 , 206 ; 67 . 42 6 8 . 54 ; 69 . 2 7 ; 7 2 .

13 ; 104. 42 105 . 64.

10431) 5 . 7 7.

10x 61° 27 . 67 .

1 111000 6 . 49.

1 10 0001110801 104 . 20.

1111-010 120. 1 1 131.

1 1112» 97 , 35 ; 61

403 ; 7 2. 4 1 2 ; 103 . 2 ; 105 . 4, 20,24 ;

18 9 .

11101 14 . 8. 121 1 17m: 38 . I I 49 . I I . Cf.

Index X .

"Rowdy 5 . 26.

1 1“q 140.

r1mpméc 180.

r1rp0x 011¢x oorfy. See Index X .

rerpdc 105 . 10.

1 1 14103301010 See Index IXru n?» 210.

113c 5 5 . 8 61 (b). 18 62. 7 7—8 , 80,

82

165 , 195 ; 6 8 .

49 ; 6 9 . 24 ; 70. 42 ; 106 . 2 2 ; 115 . 1 2.

rfipnmc 27 . 23, 34.

1 1860 1 5 . 225 ; 14 . 9 ; 24 . 7 2 ; 42. 10,14 ;

60. 48 ; 61 162-

3, 13, 20, 44 ,

2 20,298 , 301 , 66 . 76 , 91 ;

203 , 45 5- 6

,

468 ; 7 4 . 62 ; 7 5 . 80 ; 7 9 . 4 ;105 . 6 1 120. 106 ; 210.mu} 5 . 20—1

,8 1

,185 , 194 ; 11. 16 ; 27 . 58 ;

33 . 4 ; 105 . 46 ; 106 . 32 ; 109 . 3, 14,

1 5 , 24 ; 110. 9, 10 ; 112. 7 116 .

1 el saep. ; 117 . 1 11 101/L ; 119. 24, 26 ,28 ; el safp . 136 ; 140 ;169 - 91 ; 212 ; 221 ; 241.

16109

101515 1! 24 . 7 5 .mav ( 34 (a) 139romipx qs, rmrapx c'a. See Index V.

rowoypapparfl'a,maypappafléc. See Index V.

7 61m5 . 83, 130, 260 ; 6 . 9 ; 24 . 60 ; 27 .

5 , 6 1, 8 7 ; 26 . 5 ; 33 . 8 ; 61

358 ; 7 2. 353 . 445 ; 81. 3, I 6 ; 8 2. 1 2 .

35 8 3 . 42 1!map. 96 . 5 , 24-

5 ; 164 .

1 61 1 61 226 72. 1 59.

rpdfnfa27 . 58, 70 ; 101. 2 112. introd.

rpamfc'ms' 101. 3 168 .

rpavpar ifiw 39 . 3 1 230.

rpa'

q oc 138 .

rp1'

¢1w 5 . 183.

rptax ds 140 15 6 .

rpmx orrdpovpoc. See Index VI .rptfiax dv 230.

rpc’

crroyov 112. 3 ; 121. introd 208 .

rptx oc'mxov. See Index X .

X I I . GENERAL

rpaéfiokov. See Index IXwho: 5 . 3 1 , 100

,143, 1 5 2 , 16 1

,238 ; 6 .

44 ; 25 . 3, 9 ; 27 . 23, 98 ; 28 . 4 ; 5 3 .

1 1 124 . 26,28 ; 210.

rpodu'

) 27 . 56 ; 5 8 . 8,13, 1 5 . 1po¢f7.

See Index VI I (b).rpodfiflc 5 1. 8 .

1pv( 82. I 8 .

rpu'

ryv; (i’)29. 1 1 ; 120. 8 .

rpc’

rymoc 120. 1 20,1 24, 135 , 140.

rpéfmos' 117 . 74 213.

rvyxdmv 13 . 23 ; 16 . 2, 23 ; 23 . 6 ; 24 . 38 ,

65 ; 27 . 43 ; 26 . 8 ; 39 .

4 ; 23 ; 43 . 41 ; 45 . 34 ; 46 . 30 ;47 . 3 1 ; 5 3 . 8 , 24 ; 5 4 . 26 ; 105 . 2

,1 2 ;

168 .

1611) 181.muss- 112. 1 7 ; 116 . 16, 4 1 .

fifipt’

fu v 16 . 7 104. 2 2 .

{mac'mv 12. 13 ; 19 . 1 5 ; 20. 10 ; 5 5 . 10 ;5 9 . 2 .

67 1139, 85 bywas 27 . 60.

wpaywyéc 5 0. 8,14, 2 1 , 40 ; 64 . 28 , 1 10

,

136 ; at saep . ; 106 . 1 1 ; 240.

ébpobox c'

iov 84 . I 3.

6bmp 24 . 7 ; 4 7 . 24 ; 49 . 7 ; 5 4 . 1 71 32. 1 35 , I 5 1

- 2. 1 5 5 . 1 5 7. 16 1 , 163,169 ; 7L 8 ; 7 2. 7 2 , 75 . 82 ; 74 38 , 53 ;7 5 . 5 7 , 7 1 112. 4 ct saep . ; 122. introd.adds 15 . 1 1

,2 2 ; 16 . 8 , 1 2 ; 24 . 64 ; 32. 2 2 ,

24 ; 5 2. 7 ; 61 (a). 2 1 , 44. 5 1. 5 7 , (6)2 56 ;

7 5 . 140 ; 2 1—2 . 28. 38 , 40, 44.83, 1 20,

135 , (b). 8 ; 6 6 . 87 ; 72 . 248 ;7 9 64. 66. 7 1 , 79 ; 5 5 ; 90. u ;

99 . 4 1 ; 103 . 2 7 ; 116 . 56 ; 120. 1 2 ;

121. 106 ; 18 9 .

p lf epos 25 . 1 , 8 ; 48 . 34.

90¢opfids 5 . 1 7 1 .

1'm( )112. 1 26.

131101106111 24 . 26, 28.hdpx ew 5 . 9, 13, 5 1 , 83, 228 ,f r . 8 . 7 ;14 . 9, 16 ; 24 . 60, 95 , 97 ; 25 . 13 ; 27 .

8, 42 , 87, 1 10 ; 30. 1 7 , 24 ; 44 .

2 5 ; 4 5 . 19 ; 46 . 8 ; 4 7 . 7 ; 19 ;5 0. 4 ; 5 1. 1 1 ; 5 4 . 5 ;5 7 . 1 1 ; 60. 1 7 ; 61 (a). 148 ; 62. 2 7 ;63 . 32 ; 64 (a). 13 ; 68 . 69 ; 7 2. 2 2 7 ,284, 461 ; 7 6 . 2

,1 1 ; 7 6 . 5 ; 6 6 . 3, 37 ,

I NDE X , GREEK

5 4, 5 8 , 6 1 ; 99 . 35 ; 104 . 1 5 , 1 8,22 ;

105 . 5 5 ; 107 . 2 109 . 29 ; 124 . 6 ; 165 .

1100'

23 . 4 ; 42. 5 .

$111,166v 61 (b). 408, 416 ; 7 2. 4 18 .

{nu pw xapmciv 12. 24.

t'

r111p1 101'

v01 24 . I 4.

{mi x ew 5 . 2 13, 2 16 , 263.

n‘mypc’rqc. See Index V.

t'mmxn’

ioom5 8 . 19.

61107 716411 1» 24 . 7 5 ; 33 . 1 1 ; 35 . 1 1 45 .

24 ; 46 . 20 ; 4 7 . 19 ; 60. 70 ; 61 (a).10 ; 66 . 5 7 ; 67 . 7 2 ; 7 3 . 4 ; 7 5 . 4 ; 7 6 .

7 ; 8 6 . 16.

fifloyp0¢6 36 . 26 ; 4 5 . 28 ; 46 . 24 47 . 2 7 ;5 0. 36 ; 112. introd.

, 7 7 ; 165 .

{moamvévm24 . 46, 58 ; 27 . 1 5 , 23, 78 ; 26 .

15 ; 5 9 . 6.

furobi x 1090¢ 6 . 37 .

{moaox e‘

iov 8 6 . 1 5 , 43, 50—1 240.

1311003w 92. 13 ; 181. 8.

611-066m; 61 (a). 2 1 2 ; 6 7 . 5 , 50, 64 ; 6 8 . 5 ,

76 ; 70. 5 , 62.

611011610 108 . 19.

1311011110001 5 . 53, 79, 135 , 149 ; 14 . 14 ; 15 .

1 ; 16 . 4, 7 ; 26 . 20 ; 27 .

19, 86, 92 , 95 ; 28 . 8 ; 29 . 13 ; 30. 4,8 ; 31. 4, 8 ; 32. 3, 1 1 ; 33 . 1 ; 36 .

4, 8 ; 4 8 . 1 5 ; 61 1 70 ; 7 2. 83 ; 8 8 .

9 ; 6 9. 4 ; 99.

6110104130111» 15 . I 6, 35 ; 16 . 2 1 ; 26 . 2 2 ;36 . 8.

61 391 ; 7 2. 396 ; 105 . 49 ;163 .

1311610701 , imcfloyov 10. 4 28 . 7 36 . 7 60.

7 el 61 (a). 1 5 7 , 1 1, 104 el saep.

62' 37 1 4 I“ 2

;1 5 61 335 5 6 3 ° 35 , 4 1 1 461

5 8, 66, 69, 73, 92, 102 ; 64 (a). 40, 5 8mag , 92. 99. 103, 106. (6) 3. 4 ; 65 . 1 7note

,2 1 ; 1 1

,20 ; 67 . 91 6 6 . 1 2 ;

72. 63 e! saep. ; 7 3 . 5 ; 7 4 . 2 11may ; 7 7 .

6 ; 7 8 . 8,1 2 ; 84 . 8at seep ; 8 5 .

107 , 133 ; 8 8 . 14, 38. 5 5 , 59, 62 ; 8 9

63, 67 , 75 ; 106 . 18 ; 15 1 ; 15 4 .

budpmpa30. 10 ; 31. 10 ; 41. 19 ; 45 . 30 ;46 . 26 ; 4 7 . 29 ; 49 . 18 ; 5 0. 37 ; 5 3 .

2 1 ; 5 6 . 8, 1 5 , 30 ;

wronmnaf owaffieiv, Womzw f owéfboc 5 60

Index V.

{mopmparoyd dov 5 8 . I 2.

1311611117101 72. I 4.

670 INDICES

{110116w 45 . 38.

{0160x 1019 10. 7.61101600100 5 . 145 , 164 ; 6. 8 ; 7 . 3 ; 27 . 28 ;29. 16 ; 30. 1 1 ; 31. 13 ; 32. 6 , 2 1 ; 41.

20 ; 44 . 24 ; 4 9 . 1 7 ; 5 3 . 20 ; 264 .

{ rank }: 5 . 139, 1 56, 2 10,223, 244 40. 2 4.

131101 1611101 27 . 32 ; 7 5 . 36.

01101415310 24 . 67 .

Ex o¢afww 16 5 .

Jumper 24 . 10 ; 44 . 18. 601-{poo 44 . 27.

61111110 1 5 . 25 1 .

figbw rém24 . 7 5 ; 61 (b). 4 1 2 7 2. 424.

M 16: 15 1.

54m5 . 138, 1 53.

¢a1mv 13. 19 ; 24. 77 ; 43 . 31- 2 ; 5 3 . 27 ;

5 4 . 2 1 .

¢ax dc 9. 9 ; 13. int10d ° 61

45 1110111 , 96, 316 ; 62.

64 (a). 22, 136, 25 ;66 67 2 6 8

32 , 42 , 46 , 8 1 , 94 ; 69. 16 70. 2 1, 30,

35 ; 7 1. 1 1 ; 7 2. 66, 328 ; 8 7 . 5 5 ; 69.

10 e! saep. ; 93. 19 11sa¢ . 94 . 6 11101A ;9 7 . 4

—6 ; 115 . 1 1 , 36—8 ; 116 . 6 , 7 , 46 ;

117 . 45 ; 121. 1 1 122. 7 ; 123 . 1 2-

4 ;16 9 - 70 ; 17 4 .

M ac 15 . . .I O

¢0p0yyow 15 1.

“1141011011 43. 19 ; 117 . 22.

qmoqkoc 61 (a). 5 1 , 93, 134 ; 1 20,

clamp.

° 64 (a).(P0, (6) 25 1 29 ; 66 45 ; 6 8 ° 50 ;

69. 22 ; 70. 38 ; 90. 1 1 96 . 7 el saep. ;115 . 14, 2 5 ; 119 . 39.

156011 119. 42 191.

epipm5 . 45 ; 5 4 . 8 ; 60. 26 ; 61 (a). 1 1 1 ,288 ; 62. 25 7 ; 63. 193 ; 7 9 . 41marg., 47marg. ; 104 . 30 ; 124 . 34 ;

25 3.

(q'

) 104 . 4 11 sa¢ .

¢01lp1w 104 . 29.

40m; 105 . 3, 1 8 ; 106 . 17.

(1:4q 6 . 2 7 .

4)w 124 . 1 7 .

(511016410 1115 31. 2 1 124 . 36 .

4111096110 010 30. 20.

whom7 3. 3 ; 124. 7.

5 9. 8.

151102. 500 Index V.

4141600501 7 9 . 84.

(61161 11101 23 . 10.

(1103120601 5 9. I O.

(poimé 112. introd.

(bdrm: 5 . 5 14 . 4.

¢opoxay£a24 . 5 5 ; 27 . 46 ; 29. 1 2.

“pa: 6. 33 ; 6 . 7 , 27 , 32 ; S2. 232.

¢opr iov 5 . 195 ; 105 . 24.

¢pfap 86 . 36.

¢povrffcw 10. 6 18 . 4 ; 38 . 9 ; 27 . 2 1,60

,

92 33 . 2, 7 .

¢pom’

s~ 6 . 1 1 ; 24 . 60 ; 29. 12 ; 83 . 17.

¢p06papxoc. See Index VI .¢poup1i1r 25 .

.

22 ; 92. 2,6.

¢0( 81. 30 ; 82. 8.

0144338 . 23 ; 4 6 . 24 ; 230.

d)l 12. 2 1 (I’

) 27 . 54.

150101150 27 . 38.

¢v7ka¢ i f qn See Index V.

¢vkax crutdmSee Index X .

11161115. See Index V.

111° ¢6M ov 50. 29 61 (b). 365 72.

362 ; 105 . 32 . £ 016 06k 25 . 12 , 2 1 ;36 . 3 ; 61 (b). 5 , 62. 2 ; 63. 2 ;6 7 . 2 ; 6 8 . 2 ; 69. 2 ; 70. 2 ; 72. 194 ;7 5 . 5 ; 7 8 . 4 ; 80. 2 ; 16 7 .

¢vr1fa5 . 204.

xalpm6. 16 ; 10. 1 ; 12. 1, 1 5 ; 13. 2 ; 14 .

2 ; 15 . 16 . 2 ; 17 . 1 ; 18 . 1 ; 19 .

2 ; 20. 1 ; 21. 1 ; 23. 1 ; 26 . 1 ,

1 1 ; 27 . 2,1 1

,85 , 91 28 . 1 ; 30. 2, 6,

10 ; 31. 2 , 6, 10 ; 32. 1, 5 , 13 ; 33 . 1 ;

34 . 2 ; 35 . 3 ; 36 . 2 ; 37 . 2 ; 38 . 1 ;43 . 2 ; 5 5 . 2 ; 5 6 . 5 ; 5 7 . 2 ; 5 9 . 2 ;

100. 2 , 2 ; 107 . 1 ; 110. 3124 . 1 142 ; 166.

xakxn'

w103 . 33.

x dkx cm119.

51 .

xahxdc. See ndex IXxakxofic 90 ; 181.

xapzcwaa. 12. 26 ; 19. 13 ; 20. 4 ; 5 5 . 6 ;5 6 . 16.

x épts 124 . 7 , 2 1 . xdpw 6 . 37 ; 12. 6, I 7 ;

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

672 INDICES

xmparwptis 106 . 2 1 . 407 1461 86 . 45 , 47 , 5 1 .

xmparoypatfiia237 . 4mm} 5 6 . I I .

xa'opa5 . 93, 98 , 180, 188 , 2 1 7 , 2 20 ; 6 . 27 ; 4'v 33 . 14.

124 . 1 2

x wpe'

iv 27 . 8 1 .

x ropc'

fu v 19 . 10 ; 5 0. 9 ; 7 2. 46. x exwpwpém)wpdoobos. See 1141600801.

xmpiov 120. 9.

xwpt'

c 19 . 8 ; 61 (a). 186 ; 6 7 . 16 ; 6 8 . 26 ;

70. 1 5 .

41111861 7 3. 6.

wwboyp0¢13v 7 8 . I 7.

11641p 6 . 23.

112. 23 121. 70.

MM : 164 .

X I I I . INDEX OF PA SSAGE S DISCUSSED.

(a)A UTHORS.

PAGE

AnthologiaPalatinaix . 588 AnthPlan. iv. 2. 5

Appian, Sy r . 50

Diodorus x vi . 3FragmentaHistoric . Graec. ed. M ullerI I. pp. x - xi

Herodotus ii. 69Hesychius .r. v. dpnéHomer, I liad ii . 94- 2 10

] ustinx x x viii. 8

(b) IN SCR IPTION S.

Canopus 38, 63 ap. Petrie, I llaimn, Kala/n,and Garob,C. I . G . 2694 32 p. 29Ephem. E pigr. iv. p. 2 1 5 1 2 7 RosettaInscr. G raec. Insul. iii. 327 33 Strack, Dynastic, Inscr. 68Louvre woodentablets 4 1

- 2 Iuser. 105Magdola(unpublished) 346

151100161 1; 138 .

(60120001 8 8 . 8.

dm’; 8 . 20 ; 39 . 34.

15 . 2,25 ; 13 8 ; 230.

6mm: 5 4 . 7.

611° i v 26 . 2 .

300061 0 1 5 . 53, 70, 197 ; 7 9 . 36, 38 ; 124 .

3 9, 37601115 . 2 , 2 5 ; 5 6 . 27 .

5 01 1a. 36 . 25 ; 49 . 1 1 ; 50. 14 ;

NovumTestamentum,1 Cor. iv.

Philostratus, Epz'sl. 60 (23)Plato, Pbaedo91 CPolybius x x viii . 16

xxxi . 27Septuagint

, 3 Maccabees u. 28

Strabovi ii. 378x vi . 745x vfi. 8 1 1

I NDE X OF PA SSA GE S DISCUS SED

(c) PAPYR I AN D OSTRACA .

Alex . 6

Amb. I I . 3 1 . 10

35

43

—2

68

89- 4—5

90

9 l

I 47- 7 47 1

A rcl u'

v I . p. 80 50

n pp° 287-

9° 45 1 50

Ashmolean Mahafl'y, yR oyal In: A cad. xxx i. pp. 197 sqq.) 5 2

IS. (3. IJ <91 ,3 87

41 1

132

644 2 10

Brit. M us. 3. 1 7 4 1

23 584

5 85

35 5 841 25 . 233265 . 232

-

3266 . 5 88

267 .

3 14 . 2 10

C. P. R . I . 1 . 16 38

Fay. Towns 1 1

1 2 1 26 546.

42 . (a)i. 15 428

44 5 89

47 507

4 1 2

99- 13 38

101

308 5 89Gen. 2 1 449. 45 2

-

3G renf. I . 1 1 . 11. 5 93

LeydenGHO

Ox y. I . 9. verso

37 9

99Ox y. I I . 242

243265 ° I 3

-

412 7 7282

33 I

333

337

338

340

387

70:6Petrie I . 25 2 , 4

x

674 I N DICE S

Petrie I I .

39

39

39

42

46

47 33Rev. Laws x . 1

x 11. 1 7x x iv. sqq.

x x iv. 6

x x v11. 1 1

x xxvi . 1 2—5x x x vi i. 2—5xxxix. 13 sqq.

x liii. 1 2

Iv. 1 7—Ivi . 13

M 1. 6

Ix . 14

111. 1 5Revillout, M i langes, p. 295Spiegelberg

,Demol. Pap. Jar

burg . B ib] . p. 44 4 1 1

Tor. 1 18, 54- 5 , 165 , 5 1 1

1 . vn. 8 638 5 6

13 54- 6,160

, 5 84

Wessely, Papy rorumScript. Grace.

Spea’mz’

na, 30. 5 4 1 1

Wilcken, Akfem/flcke v—vn 5 84

Wilcken, 011. I I .

Zois 1 . 33

(d)UNPUBLISHED PAPYRI .

36

I 30. 2 76 446

Petrie 36, 5 2. 1 26. 2 24. 337.

Rylands (demotic) 321 5 54