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Relier les fiches d’activité au guide: une grille pour se repérer

Type

de

fiche

Type

de

fiche

Intro

duct

ion

/ con

clus

ion

Cha

pitre

1: R

éfle

xivi

Cha

pitre

2: V

ivre

(ave

c) le

s la

ngue

s

Cha

pitre

3: D

even

ir pl

us

com

péte

nt

Cha

pitre

4: E

valu

atio

n

Concepts clés et paradigme A X

Approche communicative et approche actionnelle A B X

Éventail méthodologique A B X X

Situation et contexte situationnel A B X X

Compétences et développement professionnels A B X X

Théorie personnelle de l’enseignement A B X X

Besoins des apprenants et objectifs d’apprentissage A B X

Compétences générales A B X X

Réflexion sur les types de compétences A B X

Profils plurilingues et compétences partielles A B X

Compétence pragmatique A B X

Compétence sociolinguistique A B X

Compétence socioculturelle A B X

Compétence lexicale et sémantique A B X

Compétence à communiquer langagièrement A B X

Compétence plurilingue (et pluriculturelle) A B X X

Plurilinguisme et multilinguisme A B X

Rôle des connaissances et des expériences antérieures dans l’apprentissage A B X X

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Curriculum et scénarios curriculaires A X X

Approche arborescente A B X

Construction des compétences professionnelles des enseignants A B X X

Enseignants efficaces et apprenants efficaces A B X

Pensée critique et rapport aux normes A B X

Dimensions individuelle et sociale dans l’apprentissage A B X X

Réflexivité et autonomie dans la pratique professionnelle A B X X

Les utilisateurs/apprenants et leurs stratégies A B X

Apprendre à apprendre A B X

Biographie langagière A B X X

CECR et PEL A B X

Savoir-être et contexte mental de l’utilisateur/apprenant A B X

Cultures cibles et cultures d’origine A B X

Les domaines: le contexte d’utilisation de la langue A B X X

Littérature et utilisation esthétique de la langue A B X

Réception et production A B X X

Interaction A B X X

Médiation A B X X

Prise de conscience interculturelle A B X X

Tâches A B X

Tâches interculturelles A B X

Réussir une tâche A B X

Contraintes A B X X

Échelles, grilles, listes de contrôle A B X

Principes fondamentaux de l’évaluation A B X

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Descripteurs d’activités communicatives et de compétences A B X X

Traditions d’évaluation A B X X

Objectifs du curriculum et compétences linguistiques A B X X X X

Objectifs du curriculum et activités communicatives A B X X X X

Objectifs du curriculum et domaines/stratégies/tâches B X X X X

Responsabilités dans l’évaluation A X

Les binômes de l’évaluation A B X

Erreur (vs faute) A B X X

Expérience personnelle d’évaluation A X X

La question de l’objectivité dans l’évaluation A B X X X X

Évaluation et classement: quand et comment? A B X

Évaluation: de la compétence à l’action A B X

Évaluation: qui, comment et pourquoi A B X

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Exemples de fiches d’activités

Fiche A: Compétence sociolinguistique �

FICHE A Titre Compétence sociolinguistique Objectif(s) Prendre conscience des normes socioculturelles, pour pouvoir

les intégrer dans l’apprentissage/enseignement des langues Mots-clés Efficacité communicationnelle – interaction – compétence

sociolinguistique – compétence socioculturelle – approche actionnelle – contexte

Réf. au guide 0, III.2

Réf. au CECR 2.1.2, 5.2.2

Î Tâche A Étape 1 (b) Comparez deux langues que vous connaissez et réfléchissez aux différences au niveau de la dimension sociolinguistique. Exprimez cela à l’aide de mots-clés ou d’exemples. Compétence sociolinguistique

Langue ...........................................

Langue ...........................................

règles d’adresse règles de politesse régulation des rapports entre générations, sexes, statuts, groupes sociaux

codification par le langage de nombre de rituels fondamentaux dans le fonctionnement d’une communauté

Étape 2 (bb) ou (bbb) Discutez comment intégrer la compétence sociolinguistique dans votre enseignement.

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Î Tâche B Étape 1 (bb) Réfléchissez à des épisodes de votre vie et de votre histoire d’apprenant des langues – que ce soit dans votre pays au moment du contact avec des étrangers – ou quand vous étiez vous-même à l’étranger et écrivez un récit d’un (ou deux) de ces épisodes (entre 400 et 600 mots). Partagez vos récits avec un(e) collègue.

Î Tâche C (bb) L’interaction dans l’usage et l’apprentissage de la langue joue un rôle central. Elle est aussi liée à des facteurs sociolinguistiques, tels que le registre, les marqueurs des relations sociales, les règles de politesse, les expressions de la sagesse populaire, le dialecte et l’accent. Forts de l’expérience de vos récits respectifs, préparez une fiche de conseils pour vos élèves pour qu’ils réalisent une interaction efficace. Prenez en considération des différences culturelles possibles entre les interlocuteurs.

Tâche D (bb) Examinez un programme d’enseignement ou un manuel de langues et observez l’importance donnée aux facteurs sociolinguistiques.

Pathways through assessing, learning and teaching in the CEFR Parcours d’évaluation, d’apprentissage et d’enseignement à travers le CECR http://ecep.ecml.at

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Fiche B: Compétence sociolinguistique �

FICHE B Titre Compétence sociolinguistique Objectif(s) Être capable d’échanger efficacement des informations.

Réfléchir sur la compétence sociolinguistique à travers les pratiques.

Mots-clés Approche actionnelle – politesse – impolitesse – registres Réf. au guide III. 2, III.3, III.4, III.5

Réf. au CECR 2.1.2, 5.2.2

Î Tâche A (bb) À partir de la définition de compétence donnée par le CECR et des questions relatives à l’usage de la langue (5.2.2; voir aussi Fiche A Compétence socio-linguistique), faites des propositions de tâches à réaliser par les apprenants.

Questions relatives à l’usage de la langue

Propositions d’activités / de tâches à réaliser

Marqueurs des relations sociales Règles de politesse Expressions de la sagesse populaire Différences de registre Dialecte et accent

Î Tâche B (bb) Réfléchissez sur la notion de «malentendus interethniques» (CECR, 5.2.2.2, p. 93), en particulier à propos de la politesse par défaut et de l’impolitesse. Dans quelles attitudes concrètes peuvent-ils se traduire?

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Politesse par défault Impolitesse

Comment la politesse positive peut-elle, par contre, correspondre au principe de coopération? (voir aussi 5.2.3.1)

Î Tâche C (bbb) Lisez la définition suivante tirée du CECR (Différences de registre, 5.2.2.4, p. 94):

«Dans les premières phases de l’apprentissage (disons jusqu’au niveau B1), un registre relativement neutre est approprié, à moins de raisons impératives. C’est dans ce registre que les locuteurs natifs s’adresseront probablement à des étrangers et à des inconnus; c’est celui qu’ils attendent d’eux. La familiarité avec des registres plus formels ou plus familiers viendra avec le temps, dans un premier temps en réception, peut-être par la lecture de types de textes différents, en particulier des romans. Il faut faire preuve de prudence dans l’utilisation de registres plus formels ou plus familiers car leur usage inapproprié risque de provoquer des malentendus ou le ridicule.»

À partir des questions suivantes et de votre expérience d’apprentissage/enseignement discutez dans le groupe:

� Pouvez-vous imaginer des «raisons impératives» qui peuvent impliquer l’emploi d’un registre moins neutre?

� Pourquoi la lecture de romans peut-elle mener à la «familiarité avec des registres plus formels ou plus familiers»?

� Quel peut être «l’usage inapproprié» de registres plus formels ou plus familiers?

Pathways through assessing, learning and teaching in the CEFR Parcours d’évaluation, d’apprentissage et d’enseignement à travers le CECR http://ecep.ecml.at

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