Opisthobranch molluscs of the Azores: results of the International Workshop on Malacology and Marine...

AÇOREANA, 2014, Suplemento 10: 139-147

OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSCS OF THE AZORES: RESULTS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP OF MALACOLOGY AND MARINE BIOLOGY (4–13

JULY 2011) (MOSTEIROS, SÃO MIGUEL, AZORES)

Manuel António E. Malaquias1 *, Gonçalo Calado2, João Filipe da Cruz2 & Kathe Jensen3

1 Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution Research Group, Natural History Collections, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB 7800, 5020-Bergen, NORWAY; [email protected]

2 Luzophone University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PORTUGAL3 Zoological Museum (Natural History Museum of Denmark), Universitetsparken 15,

DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DENMARK* Corresponding author

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on the opisthobranchs collected during the IV International Workshop

of Malacology and Marine Biology (4–13 July 2011) that took place at Mosteiros, SW São Miguel Id, archipelago of the Azores. Opisthobranchs were collected on the intertidal, and subtidally with SCUBA diving down to 50 m. Twenty-seven species were collected, of which the eastern Atlantic sacoglossan Ercolania lozanoi is here reported for the fi rst time to the archipelago. This new addition brings the opisthobranch fauna of the Azores to a total of 151 known species.

RESUMONeste artigo descrevem-se os resultados relativos aos moluscos gastrópodes opistobrânquios

colectados durante o IV Workshop Internacional de Malacologia e Biologia Marinha que decorreu na Vila dos Mosteiros, na costa sudoeste de São Miguel, Açores entre 4–13 Julho de 2011. As amostragens foram efectuadas entre a zona de marés e os 50 m de profundidade, com recurso a técnicas de mergulho com escafandro autónomo. Foram recolhidas 27 espécies de gastrópodes opistobrânquios, sendo uma delas nova para a fauna do Arquipélago dos Açores, nomeadamente o sacoglosso Ercolania lozanoi, previamente conhecido de outras regiões no Atlântico Leste. Com este novo registo o total de espécies de opistobrânquios referidas nos Açores totaliza as 151.

INTRODUCTION

Knowledge about the opisthobranch gastropods of the Azores remained

until the early 1990s scarce and sparse. The last decade of the 20th century marked the turning point of this paradigm. For this concurred the contributions resulting from earlier similar workshops organized by Sociedade Afonso Chaves and the University of the Azores (Gosliner, 1990; Jensen, 1995; Mikkelsen, 1995) and the work by Wirtz (1998). The beginning of the present century has been fertile on new accounts (Malaquias, 2001; Calado, 2002; Cervera et al., 2006; Chan & Gosliner, 2007; Malaquias et al., 2008, 2012; Carmona et al., 2011; Pedro et al., 2011; Cordeiro et al., 2013), making

these marine organisms one of the better known groups of invertebrates in the region.

During the IV International Workshop of Malacology and Marine Biology (4–13 July 2011) – “Sabrina, two centuries of marine colonization”, co-organized by the Sociedade Afonso Chaves and CIBIO-Açores (Department of Biology, University of the Azores) a team of international scientists gathered efforts to survey for marine invertebrates part of the SW coast of the island of São Miguel, namely the area around the village of Mosteiros and the offshore seamount Sabrina. Opisthobranch gastropods were one of the focal groups and in this paper we report on the species collected during the workshop.

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140 2014, Suplemento 10: 139-147A Ç O R E A N A

METHODS

Collecting occurred between 4–13 July 2011 around the village of Mosteiros (SW São Miguel Island, Azores) from algae and boulders in tide-pools during low tide and subtidally by snorkelling and SCUBA down to 50 m (Table 1). Animals were collected by hand after direct observation and by brushing suitable habitat surfaces. In the laboratory samples were sorted and specimens separated to morpho-species, photographed, relaxed, and fi xed in 96% ethanol or in 4% neutral formaldehyde.

TAXONOMIC RESULTS

Twenty-seven species of opisthobranchs were collected. Two were new records for the archipelago, namely Ercolania lozanoi and Thuridilla mazda. The la er has been already reported in a recent account (Malaquias et al., 2011) and the former is here referred for the fi rst time. With this new addition, the opisthobranch fauna of the Azores comprises at present 151 species.

List of collected species:

Order Cephalaspidea Fischer, 1883Family Aglajidae Renier, 1807

Chelidonura africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953MP-2, 1 spc., L = 9 mm; MPN-2, 1 spc., L = 9 mm.

Order Runcinacea Burn, 1963Family Runcinidae H. Adams & A.

Adams, 1854Runcina ornata (Quatrefages, 1844)

MP-1, 6 spcs ~2 mm; MP-2, 5 spcs, L = 2 mm; MPN-2, 10 spcs, L ~ 2 mm.

Runcina adriatica Thompson, 1980MP-2, 6 spcs, L = 1–2 mm; MPN-2, 4 spcs, L = 2 mm.

Order Anaspidea Fischer, 1883Family Aplysiidae Lamarck, 1809

Aplysia cf. parvula Mörch, 1863AM, 2 spcs, L = 10, 15 mm.Remarks: These specimens are likely juveniles.

Order Sacoglossa von Ihering, 1876Family Plakobranchidae Rang, 1829

TABLE 1. Sampling stations with geographical coordinates and biophysical descriptionsSampling station Station code Coordinates Description

Ilhéu dos Mosteiros IM-1 (SAB.2011.DI1)IM-2 (SAB.2011.DI7)

37° 53’ 20.0394”N25° 50’ 6.36”W

Large rock blocks, vertical walls covered with algae and sponges;

4–22 m deep

Mosteiros, PoçasMP-1 (SAB.2011.IT1)MP-2 (SAB.2011.IT4)MP-3 (SAB.2011.IT3)

37° 53’ 56.7594”N25° 49’ 17.76”W

Large intertidal pools, walls covered with algae

Ferraria F (SAB.2011.DI2) 37° 51’ 7.1994”N25° 51’ 14.3994”W

Rocky walls with boulders;10.5 m deep

Aquário dos Mosteiros AM (SAB.2011.DI3) 37° 53’ 51.72”N

25° 48’ 18.7194”W

Sand bo oms with rocky boulders covered with algae and some

sponges; 10 m deep

Mosteiros, Praia Norte

MPN-1 (SAB.2011.DI6)MPN-2 (SAB.2011.DI10)MPN-3 (SAB2011.DI12)

37° 53’ 55.3194”N25° 49’ 22.8”W

Shallow area 1–2 m deep with boulders and sandy bo om;

high abundance of algae

Banco SabrinaBS-1 (SAB.2011.DI9)BS-2 (SAB2011.DI13)BS-3 (SAB2011.DI1)

37° 52’ 35.0394”N25° 53’ 50.64”W

Sea-mount, crown at 30–52 m; rocks covered with algae, sponges and

hydrozoans.


141MALAQUIAS ET AL: OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSCS OF THE AZORES

Elysia ornata (Swainson, 1840)MPN-1, 1 spc., L = ~ 40 mm.

Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804)MP-3, 1 spc., L = ~ 12 mm.

Thuridilla mazda Ortea & Espinosa, 2000MPN-1, 1 spc., L = 17 mm.

Family Limapontiidae Gray, 1847Ercolania lozanoi Ortea, 1981

BS-2, 1 spc., L = 5 mm. BS-3, 1 spc., L = 4 mm.Remarks: First record for the Azores. Previously known from the Canary Is (Tenerife: Ortea, 1981; La Palma: Fernández Ovies et al., 1984), Cape Verde Is (Ortea et al., 1998), Strait of Gibraltar area (Cervera & López-González, 1996); and Balearic Is, Mediterranean Sea (Cervera et al., 2006).

Superorder NudipleuraFamily Pleurobranchidae Férussac, 1822

Berthella stellata (Risso, 1826)MPN-1, 2 spcs, L = 12 mm.

Berthellina edwardsi (Vayssière, 1897)IM-1, 2 spcs, L = 35, 45 mm; MPN-1, 1 spc. observed (not collected).

Order Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814Family Aegiridae Fischer, 1833

Aegires sublaevis Odhner, 1832MPN-3, 3 spcs, L = 12–16 mm.

Family Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891Felimare picta (Shul in Philippi, 1836)

IM-2, 2 spcs, L = 45 mm. MPN-2, 2 spcs, L = 40 mm.

Felimare midatlantica (Gosliner, 1990)IM-1, 13 spcs, L ~20 mm; IM-2, 7 spcs, L ~ 20 mm; MPN-1, 1 spc., L = 25 mm; BS-1, 1 spc., L = 20 mm.

Felimida edmundsi (Cervera, García-Gómez & Ortea, 1989)

IM-2, 1 spc., L = 40 mm; BS-1, 1 spc., L = 40 mm.

Felimida britoi (Ortea & Pérez, 1983)IM-2, 1 spc. L = 10 mm.

Felimida purpurea (Risso in Guérin, 1831)IM-1, 5 spcs, L ~18 mm; MPN-1, 2 spcs observed (not collected).

Family Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891Aldisa smaragdina Ortea, Pérez & Llera,

1982AM, 2 spcs, L = 20, 23 mm.

Family Discodorididae Bergh, 1891Platydoris argo (Linnaeus, 1767)

MPN-3, 3 spcs, L = 35–50 mm.

Peltodoris atromaculata Bergh, 1880IM-1, 1 spc., L = 63 mm.

Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)MPN-3, 1 spc., L = 30 mm.

Rostanga rubra (Risso, 1818)MPN-2, 1 spc., L = 9 mm.

Family Polyceridae Alder & Hancock, 1845 Crimora papillata Alder & Hancock, 1862

IM-1, 1 spc., L = 12 mm.

Polycera quadrilineata (O.F. Müller, 1776)IM-1, 2 spcs, L = 8 mm; F, 1 spc., L = 5 mm; AM, 3 spcs, L = 15 mm; BS-1, 1 spc., L = 10 mm.

Family Facelinidae Bergh, 1889Favorinus branchialis (Rathke, 1806)

IM-1, 1 spc., L = 5 mm; MPN-1, 2 spcs, L = 5 mm.

Family Aeolidiidae Gray, 1827Spurilla neapolitana (delle Chiaje, 1841)

MPN-1, 1 spc., L = 15 mm.

Family Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889Flabellina pedata (Montagu, 1815)

IM-1, 1 spc., L = 9 mm; MPN-1, 2 spcs observed (not collected); BS-2, 7 spcs, L = 8–15 mm.

Family Dotidae Gray, 1853Doto cf. koenneckeri Lemche, 1976

IM-2, 2 spcs, L = 4mm; BS-1, 6 spcs, L ~ 3 mm.



FIGURE 1. A, Chelidonura africana (H = 9 mm); B, Runcina ornata (H = 2 mm); C, Runcina adriatica (H = 2 mm); D, Aplysia cf. parvula (H = 15 mm); E, Elysia ornata (H = ?); F, Thuridilla mazda (H = 17 mm).



FIGURE 2. A, Ercolania lozanoi (H = 5 mm); B, Berthella stellata (H = 12 mm); C, Berthellina edwardsii (H = 35 mm); D, Aegires sublaevis (H = 16 mm); E, Felimare picta (H = 40 mm); F, Felimare midatlantica (H = 20 mm).



FIGURE 3. A, Felimida edmundsi (H = 40 mm); B, Felimida britoi (H = 10 mm); C, Felimida purpurea (H = 18 mm); D, Aldisa smaragdina (H = 20 mm); E, Platydoris argo (H = 35 mm); F, Peltodoris atromaculata (H = 63 mm).



FIGURE 4. A, Jorunna tomentosa (H = 30 mm); B, Rostanga rubra (H = 9 mm); C, Crimora papillata (H = 12 mm); D, Polycera quadrilineata (H = 8 mm); E, Favorinus branchialis (H = 5 mm); F, Spurilla neapolitana (H = 15 mm).



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank A. F. Martins, J. Xavier, and A. C. Costa for organizing the “IV International Workshop of Malacology and Marine Biology (São Miguel, Azores)” and for having invited us to participate. We are grateful to J. Brum, P. Raposeiro, P. Melo and F. Pires for their assistance with SCUBA diving and to J. L. Cervera for discussions on the taxonomy of some of the collected species. The “IV International Workshop of Malacology and Marine Biology” was funded by Direcção Regional da Ciência, Tecnologia e Comunicações dos Açores (ref. M3.2.2/I/026/2011), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) and Fundação Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento (FLAD).

LITERATURE CITED

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CERVERA, J.L., & P.J. LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ, 1996. New records of two uncommon sacoglossans (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) from the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. The Veliger, 39(1): 93-95.

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CORDEIRO, R., M.A.E. MALAQUIAS, G. MAS, I. FIGUEROA, J.P. BORGES & S.P. ÁVILA, 2013. New records for the opisthobranch fauna of the Archipelago of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6:e28.

FERNÁNDEZ OVIES, C., J. ORTEA & J. PEREZ SANCHEZ, 1984. Nuevos datos anatomicos y biologicos de Ercolania lozanoi Ortea, 1981 (Opisthobranchia: Ascoglossa). Cuedernos del Crinas, 6: 39-44.

CARMONA, L., M.A.E. MALAQUIAS, T.G. GOSLINER, M. POLA & J.L. CERVERA, 2011. Amphi-Atlantic distributions and cryptic species in sacoglossans sea slugs. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77(4): 401-412.

CHAN, J.M., & T.M. GOSLINER, 2007. Preliminary phylogeny of Thordisa (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with descriptions of fi ve new species. The Veliger, 48(4): 284-308.

GOSLINER, T.M., 1990. Opisthobranch mollusks from the Azores islands. I. Runcinidae and Chromodorididae. In: MARTINS, A.M.F. (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Workshop of Malacology, São Miguel, Azores, 1988. Acoreana, Supplement [2]: 135-166.

FIGURE 5. A, Flabellina pedata (H = 15 mm); B, Doto koenneckeri (H = 4 mm).



JENSEN, K.R., 1995. Anatomy and biology of Aplysiopsis formosa Pruvot-Fol (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa) from the Azores. In: MARTINS A.M.F. (ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Azores. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of Malacology and Marine Biology, Sao Miguel, Azores, 1991. Acoreana, Supplement [4]: 217-230.

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MALAQUIAS, M.A.E., G.P. CALADO, V. PADULA, G. VILLANI & J.L. CERVERA, 2008. Molluscan diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean: New records of opisthobranch gastropods from the Archipelago of the Azores. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: e38. (9 pages; online) [doi:10.1017/S175526720800016X].

MALAQUIAS, M.A.E., G. CALADO, J.F. CRUZ & K. JENSEN, 2012. On the occurrence of the Caribbean sea slug Thuridilla mazda Ortea & Espinosa, 2000 in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biodiversity Records. Vol. 5, e50. [doi:10.1017/S1755267211001023].

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ORTEA, J., L. MORO, J.J. BACALLADO & J. ESPINOSA, 1998. Catálogo abreviado de las espécies del orden Sacoglossa (=Ascoglossa, Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) de las Islas Canárias y de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 10(4): 85-96.

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