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HOUSING AND BASIC NEEDS

HUME 101 F: FOURPLAY Chavarria, Jayselle Daniella A.

Ticzon, Leian Viktor L. Balmaceda, Anna Maridel A.

Cruz, Kim Patrick

October 17, 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

II. Introduction to Basic Needs………………………………………………………………………… 3

A. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs………………………………………………………………… 3

a. Physiological Needs……………………………………………………………………. 3

b. Safety Needs………………………………………………………………………………. 4

c. Belongingness and Love……………………………………………………………… 4

d. Esteem……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5

e. Self-Actualization……………………………………………………………………….. 5

III. Introduction to Housing………………………………………………………………………………. 6

A. Adequate Housing…………………………………………………………………………………. 6

B. Assistance Agencies………………………………………………………………………………. 7

C. Factors in Considering in Housing………………………………………………………….. 8

D. Causes of Housing Problem……………………………………………………………………. 9

E. Government’s Action to solve housing problems……………………………………. 10

F. Financial institutions, Industrial Sector,

Government, and the Filipino People…………………………………………………………… 11

IV. Sources………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14

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INTRODUCTION TO BASIC NEEDS

Basic needs are those essential to a human being to define all the necessary resources for long-

term physical well-being. There is what we call “Immediate Basic Needs” which includes food (and

water), Shelter, clothing, and air we breathe. Some modern lists show the minimum level of

consumption of not just the immediate basic needs but also includes sanitation, education, and

healthcare.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Introduced by Abraham Maslow in 1943. It focuses on describing stages of human growth. He

used 6 terms to describe the pattern that allows the moving through of human motivations are

Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence needs

to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through.

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Physiological needs are the bodily requirements of a single human being in order to survive. If the

Physiological needs of a person is not met then the body of the person will not function properly which

will lead to an overall failure of the body.

Physiological Needs is said to be the most important and is supposed to be fulfilled first. Food

and Shelter are one of the most important Physiological Needs that a human being must have in order

for it to survive.

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SAFETY NEEDS

When the Physiological Needs are met the safety of a person must be assured. In wars, typhoons,

earthquakes, tsunamis, riots, etc. people may experience trauma or post traumatic stress. Safety needs

include:

Personal Safety - refers to physical safety and psychological safety.

Financial Security - the condition to maintain a standard living, now and in the future.

Health and Well Being

Safety net against accidents and illness and their adverse impacts.

LOVE AND BELONGING

This is the third level of Maslows Hierarchy of needs. In this stage feeling of belongingness is involved.

The need of belongingness is strongest in the childhood stage of a person. Insufficiency within this level

due to ostracism, shunning, hospitalization, neglect, etc. has a huge influence on a person's ability to

create and preserve significant relationships with other people. A sense of belonging and recognition in

a social group of an individual is very important. Many people become lonely and get depressed because

of the absence of this element. Records of suicides and self inflicted injuries are rising all over the world

all because of the lack of this element. Large groups or small groups as long as there is a feeling of

belongingness and acceptance that is what's most important.

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ESTEEM

Esteem is the feeling that we get when we are valued and accepted by our peers and the people

around us. Individuals often slot in a profession or hobby to gain gratitude. These types of activities

makes a person feel good about himself. Inferiority complex is obtained when there is an imbalance

during this stage of the hierarchy. People with low self-esteem may feel the need to seek fame and

glory. But fame/glory is not the solution to Inferiority complex. Accepting who you really are is the only

way and the most important thing that an individual can do.

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

This is the last level of the Maslow's hierarchy. This refers to individuals’ full potential and the realization

of that potential by the individual. Maslow described this stage as the desire of an individual to do

everything that he can within his/her ability. For a person to achieve Self-actualization one must

masterall the previous stages of the hierarchy. "WHAT A MAN CAN BE. HE MUST BE".

Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Introduction to Housing

A necessary measure to the progression of human life is adequate housing. Housing is an

essential means for the survival of human beings. Housing provides security and shelter from the

weather and climate. It provides a sense of personal space and privacy. Housing offers itself as a ground

for social gatherings and the like. More importantly, housing serves as the bondage to a human family.

Adequate housing is deemed as a basic human right. It is given that the right to housing is the

right of every woman, man, youth and child. Everyone has a right to acquire a secure home and a secure

community with which one can leave peacefully without depriving himself of dignity. This right to

housing, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is as follows:

“Everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for the health an well-being of himself

and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and

the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other

lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”

The inclusion of such property in the universal rights emphasizes its importance to human life

and human development. But not only does adequate housing pertain to the development of a human

being, it also associates itself to the measure of development in a nation or country. Adequate housing

is involved in development planning and building of a better nation, giving accent to urban

development. This backbones economic growth and which leads to poverty alleviation and inequality

reduction among citizens of a country.

Adequate Housing

The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), in the General Comment 4,

accounted for determining the scope of “adequacy” for the purposes of the Covenant. The factors which

are to be taken into account, strictly stated, are the following:

Legal security of tenure. Security of tenure means that all people in any living arrangement possess a

degree of security against forced eviction, harassment, or other threats. States are obliged to confer this

security legally.

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Availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure. To ensure the health, security, comfort,

and nutrition of its occupants, an adequate house should have sustainable access to natural and

common resources, safe drinking water, energy for cooking, heating and lighting, sanitation and washing

facilities, means of food storage, refuse disposal, site drainage and emergency services.

Affordability. Affordable housing is housing for which the associated financial costs are at a level that

does not threaten other basic needs. States should take steps to ensure that housing costs are

proportionate to overall income levels, establish subsidies for those unable to acquire affordable

housing, and protect tenants against unreasonable rent levels or increases. In societies where housing is

built chiefly out of natural materials, states should help ensure the availability of those materials.

Habitability. Habitable housing provides the occupants with adequate space, physical security, shelter

from weather, and protection from threats to health like structural hazards and disease.

Accessibility. Adequate housing must be accessible to those entitled to it. This includes all disadvantaged

groups of society, who may have special housing needs that require extra consideration.

Location. The location of adequate housing, whether urban or rural, must permit access to employment

opportunities, health care, schools, child care and other social facilities. To protect the right to health of

the occupants, housing must also be separated from polluted sites or pollution sources.

Cultural adequacy. The way housing is built, the materials used, and the policies supporting these must

facilitate cultural expression and housing diversity. The development and modernization of housing in

general should maintain the cultural dimensions of housing while still ensuring modern technological

facilities, among other things.

Assistance Agencies

As given by the Human Rights Education Association, the following agencies play major roles in

adequate housing advocacies:

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat, was instituted in 1978 after a

world summit in Vancouver, known as Habitat I, for the purpose of coordinating United Nations

activities related to housing and human settlements. A second conference in 1996, Habitat II, produced

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the Habitat Agenda, which directs UN-Habitat's promotion of socially and environmentally sustainable

towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.

United Nations Housing Rights Programme (UNHRP)

Launched in 2001 as a joint initiative by UN-Habitat and the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the United Nations Housing Rights Programme works to help

states to follow through on the commitments made in the Habitat Agenda to guarantee the realization

of the right to adequate housing.

International Union of Tenants (IUT)

The International Union of Tenants is an NGO that seeks to represent, safeguard, and promote

the interests of tenants. IUT's priorities include the realization of the right to housing in a safe residential

environment for affordable and fair rent; cooperation between tenants and the realization of their

rights to participate and organize; the elimination of discrimination with regard to housing; and the

spread of secure tenure.

Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE)

The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions is an international NGO that works to promote and

protect the right to housing through its programme areas involving housing rights training, research and

publications, monitoring, preventing and documenting forced evictions, fact-finding missions, housing

and property restitution, women's housing rights, and active participation and advocacy within the

United Nations and regional human rights bodies.

The factors to be considered in Housing.

1. Climate

- Varies from Hot to cold.

- Varies from Dry to Humid.

2. Location

- Area where the house should be built.

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3. Cost

- Budget allocated for the house.

4. Taste

- Personal Judgment on what aesthetically pleases the eye.

5. Lifestyle

Housing by definition refers to a social problem of assuring that each part of the society have a house

to live in.

Causes of Housing Problems.

1. Migration from Rural Area to Urban Area

- This caused a problem to housing because of population inbalance. For example people

migrating in the city (who actually came in the province) believes that a greener pasture is

evident in the city, but after failing in such, they tend to stick already in the city, and refuse

to go home, making them an addition to the population of the city.

2. Population Growth

3. Poverty

4. Industrialization

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Government’s Action to solve housing problems.

1. Creation of HUDCC (Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council) thru executive

order No. 90 (it is the highest policy making, and coordinating office on shelter.)

AGENCIES UNDER HUDCC

1. National Housing Authority

It is a government owned and controlled corporation operating under the policy and

supervision of HUDCC. The NHA is the sole agency to of the government to engage in

shelter productions.

It has 10 multi-level low-rise house projects in various stages of development for

informal settler families (ISF) living in danger areas in Metro Manila.

“We are currently constructing 6,404 housing units (from the 10 housing projects) worth

P3.4 billion that will be used in relocating ISFs currently living in danger zones,” said Vice

President Jejomar Binay who chairs the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating

Council (HUDCC).

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10 Projects of NHA

1. Smokey Mountain (Paradise Heights) in Tondo, Manila

2. Tala 2 and Camarin, both in Caloocan City

3. Pleasant Hills in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan;

4. Tanza, Gulayan and Tanglaw, all in Navotas;

5. MMDA Depot in Manggahan, Pasig City;

6. National Government Center Housing Project in Quezon City;

7. Disiplina Village 2 in Valenzuela City.

2. PAG-IBIG (Pagtutulungan sa KInabukasan: Ikawm Bangko, Industriya, at Gobyerno):

provides members with adequate housing through an effective savings scheme,

harnessing the four sectors of the Philippine society.

Financial institutions, Industrial Sector, Government, and the Filipino People.

3. HLURB (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board): a national government agency tasked as

the planning, regulatory, and quasi-judicial body for land use development and real state

housing regulation.

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4. HGC (home guarantee corporation): a government owned and controlled corporation

mandated through Republic Act 8763 to promote sustainable home ownership by

providing risk coverage, fiscal incentives to banks and institutions granting housing loans,

and home financing.

5. NHFMC (National home mortgage Finance Corporation): mandate of increasing the

availability of affordable housing loans to finance the Filipino homebuyers.

6. SHFC (Social Housing Finance Corporation)

a. Mandated to undertake social housing programs that will cater formal and informal

sectors in low income bracket.

b. Take charge of developing and administering social housing programs, particularly the

community mortgage fund and abot kaya pabahay fund.

c. DBM releases P1.2B for informal settlers' housing project

The project will adopt a Community Mortgage Program approach wherein

an organized community will initiate and manage their own project.

"We are continuing the relocation of informal settler families (ISF),

especially those living near the waterways of Metro Manila. With the fund

release, the SHFC can build more resilient homes in safer zones – such as in-

city and off-city relocation sites – and ensure the well-being of these

families, especially during calamities,” said Budget Secretary Florencio

“Butch” Abad.

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The following are the organized communities for this project, with their respective allocations:

Goldmine Interior Homeowners Association, Inc. (GIHAI) – P46 million

Alyansa ng Mamamayan sa Valenzuela at Caloocan Housing Cooperative (AMVACA) - P636.5

million

Dario River Alliance Housing Cooperative (DRAHC) - P514.5 million

Below is a further breakdown per project cost:

PARTICULARS GIHAI AMVACA DRAHC TOTAL

Land Acquisition P4,170,400 P112,552,500 P115,556,160 P232,279,060

Site Development P5,164,074 P68,182,125 P47,761,817 P121,108,016

Building Construction P36,425,526 P452,865,375 P348,842,023 P838,132,924

Other expense:

Administrative cost

P208,000 P2,880,000 P2,328,000 P5,416,000

TOTAL P45,968,000 P636,480,000 P514,488,000 P1,196,936,000

Figure 2. breakdown per project cost.

(Source: http://www.rappler.com/nation/58908-dbm-budget-informal-settlers-housing-project)

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Sources:

pea.gov.ph/index.php/programs-and-projects/land-development

reliefweb.int/report/philippines/10-nha-projects-underway-house-informal-settlers-danger-zones-vp-

binay

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Bilibid_Prison#Katarungan_Village

nha.gov.ph/

rappler.com/nation/58908-dbm-budget-informal-settlers-housing-project

www.hrea.org/index.php?base_id=149

(Human Rights Education Association)

www1.umn.edu/humanrts/gencomm/epcomm4.htm

(University of Minnesota, Human Rights Library)