A NOVEL FREEZING PROCESSA NOVEL FREEZING PROCESS

CryoDesalinationCryoDesalinationFOR THE DESALINATION OF SALINE SOLUTIONS

Such asSuch as

DESALINATION OF SEAWATERDESALINATION OF SEAWATER

TREATMENT OF E&P PRODUCED WATERTREATMENT OF E&P PRODUCED WATER

CONCENTRATION AND RECOVERY OF MINERALSCONCENTRATION AND RECOVERY OF MINERALS

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BACKGROUND OF NORBERT BUCHSBAUMBACKGROUND OF NORBERT BUCHSBAUMCHEMICAL ENGINEERCHEMICAL ENGINEER

GULF OIL CORPORATION: GULF OIL CORPORATION: ViceVice--President Corporate EngineeringPresident Corporate Engineering

HOFFMANNHOFFMANN--LAROCHE:LAROCHE: Director of EngineeringDirector of Engineering

THE LUMMUS COMPANY: THE LUMMUS COMPANY: Manager Project Engineering Department Manager Project Engineering Department

Manager Proposal DepartmentManager Proposal Department

Manager Process Group: ChemicalsManager Process Group: Chemicals

Process Design EngineerProcess Design Engineer

SCIENTIFIC DESIGN CO:SCIENTIFIC DESIGN CO: Project Manager Project Manager

Process/ProjeProcess/Project Engineerct Engineer

PATENTS: Distillation, Crystallization, ChemicaPATENTS: Distillation, Crystallization, Chemical Process Improvementsl Process Improvements

EDUCATION: EDUCATION: The Cooper UnionThe Cooper Union

Brooklyn Polytechnic InstituteBrooklyn Polytechnic Institute

Harvard GraduatHarvard Graduate School of Businesse School of Business

CONTACT: CONTACT: 713.723.4624 e713.723.4624 e--mail: mail: cryodesalination@comcast.netcryodesalination@comcast.net

web: web: www.cryodesalination.comwww.cryodesalination.com

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FREEZING PROCESS ADVANTAGESFREEZING PROCESS ADVANTAGES

-- LOW CAPITAL INVESTMENTLOW CAPITAL INVESTMENT

-- LOW OPERATING COSTLOW OPERATING COST

-- LOW ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTLOW ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT

-- LOW CORROSION DUE TO LOW OPERATING TEMPERATURELOW CORROSION DUE TO LOW OPERATING TEMPERATURE

-- LOW MAINTENANCE AND LABORLOW MAINTENANCE AND LABOR

-- NO FEED PRETREATMENT REQUIREDNO FEED PRETREATMENT REQUIRED

AS IN MEMBRANE AND THERMAL PROCESSESAS IN MEMBRANE AND THERMAL PROCESSES

-- NO CHEMICALS AS REQUIRED FORNO CHEMICALS AS REQUIRED FOR

MEMBRANE TREATMENT IN RO PROCESSESMEMBRANE TREATMENT IN RO PROCESSES

SCALE PREVENTION IN THERMAL PROCESSESSCALE PREVENTION IN THERMAL PROCESSES

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FREEZE DESALINATIONCRYODESALINATION

CRYODESALINATION by NNB

COMPARATIVE POWER CONSUMPTION

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

FRESH WATER MEGAPROJECTS FOR POPULATION CENTERSFRESH WATER MEGAPROJECTS FOR POPULATION CENTERS

DESALINATION OF DESALINATION OF -- E&P PRODUCED WATERSE&P PRODUCED WATERS

-- COAL BED METHANE WATERSCOAL BED METHANE WATERS

-- MINING WASTE WATERSMINING WASTE WATERS

-- ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD) ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD)

CRYSTALLIZATION OF MINERALS (POTASH) CRYSTALLIZATION OF MINERALS (POTASH)

MINERALS RECOVERY FROM GEOTHERMAL SOURCESMINERALS RECOVERY FROM GEOTHERMAL SOURCES

CONCENTRATION OF BRINES FOR GAS STORAGE CONCENTRATION OF BRINES FOR GAS STORAGE

LINKING LNG VAPORIZATION & DESALINATIONLINKING LNG VAPORIZATION & DESALINATION

DRINKING WATER FOR DRINKING WATER FOR -- OFFSHORE PLATFORMS OFFSHORE PLATFORMS –– MUNCIPALITIES MUNCIPALITIES --

-- AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE -- RESORT HOTELS RESORT HOTELS –– EMERGENCY RELIEFEMERGENCY RELIEF

FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONSFOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS––CONCENTRATION OF JUICES, COFFEECONCENTRATION OF JUICES, COFFEENNBNNB

THE FREEZING PROCESSTHE FREEZING PROCESS

FREEZING SALT WATER PRODUCES SALTFREEZING SALT WATER PRODUCES SALT--FREE ICEFREE ICE

ICE IS PURE WATERICE IS PURE WATER

IMPURITIES ARE EXCLUDED FROM ICE IMPURITIES ARE EXCLUDED FROM ICE

ICE IS FORMED AS SLUSH ICE IS FORMED AS SLUSH

PAST FREEZING PROCESSESPAST FREEZING PROCESSES

UNABLE TO SATISFACTORILY SEPARATE ICE FROM BRINEUNABLE TO SATISFACTORILY SEPARATE ICE FROM BRINE

WE HAVE DEVELOPED A NOVEL TECHNIQUEWE HAVE DEVELOPED A NOVEL TECHNIQUE

TO SUCCESSFULLY HARVEST ICE AND SALTS TO SUCCESSFULLY HARVEST ICE AND SALTS

TO PRODUCE PURE WATER TO PRODUCE PURE WATER

NO LIMIT ON SCALENO LIMIT ON SCALE--UP ECONOMIES OF SCALEUP ECONOMIES OF SCALE

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SEPARATING ICE -BRINE BY FLOTATION

Ice floating in BrineIce displaced by

Flotation Fluid

Brine

Oil

Pure Ice

Pure Ice

Brine

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SCHEMATIC PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PILOT UNIT: PROCESS PLANT

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PILOT UNIT: REFRIGERATION PLANT

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TREATING PRODUCED WATER NNB

SAVINGS IN TRUCKING CHARGES

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WATER RECOVERY % = TRUCKED VOLUME REDUCTION %

SA

VIN

GS

, $/1

000 G

AL

LO

NS

$ 50/1000GAL

$100/1000GAL

$200/1000GAL

$300/1000GAL

TRUCKING COSTS

SMALL SKID TO PRODUCE WATER AND ELECTRICITY

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CRYODESALNITAION- ELECTROPROCESS DEVELOPMENT STATUS

CRYODESALINATION HAS

- PILOT PLANT IN CONROE, TX

- CONCEPTS PROVEN

- PROCESS IN FINAL DEVELOPMENT STAGE

- SOME ADDITIONAL WORK REQUIRED

- IP SECURED BY US AND CT PATENTS

US#8,696,916 B ISSUED APRIL 15, 2014

PENDING: #61,843,181 AND

PENDING: WORLDWIDE PCT WO 2012/021402 A2

PILOT UNIT: THE FLARE

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LAB DEMONSTRATION

CRYODESALINATION RECIPIENT OF

2013 ST. ANDREWS PRIZE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

PRESENTED BY DAVID CHENIER, PRESIDENT CONOCOPHILLIPS-UK