;

\

Leykam

2000

The Mok�opaya Project (II): New manuscripts and the present state of things

Walter Slaje, Halle-Wittenberg

( ,�

Since I was invited by the editors to contribute to their felicitation volume celebrating the one hundred and twenty-five years of continuous studies in the field of Indo­European linguistics at the University of Graz, a few introductory remarks disclosing my involvement in this Institution for almost twenty years may not be entirely out of place.

My affiliation with the "Institut fiir Sprachwissenschaft" dates back to the late Seventies when attracted by the then actual denomination of "Institut fiir Indogermanistik" even housing an "Abteilung fiir Indo-Iranische Philologie" - which sounded fascinating - I took to studying the Sanskrit language enrolling myself as a student of Inda-European linguistics. Having been introduced to grammar and to the principles of analysing inflected words and sentences by Prof Hermann Mittelberger, holder of the chair, it was he who, after several terms of intensive reading and inter­pretations of Indian texts, strongly advised me to move on to Vienna with a view to continuing my studies there, thus shifting the focus of interest from the older (Vedic) language to 'pure' Indian philology with its famous 'Vienna touch' of Indian philo­sophy. The foundation of this - meanwhile traditional - occupation with Indian phi­losophy was laid by the late Prof Erich Frauwallner, among whose pupils Prof Her­mann Mittelberger numbered. During and also after my studies 'abroad in Vienna' I was always given all necessary support in Graz. So my relation to the "Institut fiir Sprachwissenschaft" remained an excellent one during the many years to follow, years when I derived much benefit from free access to the small but well assorted Indian library of the Institute, and during which I could gain experience in teaching. For I had indeed been offered the position of a lecturer in Sanskrit, when, as I should add, this position was already taken by my friend Dr Christian Zinko. He, however, upon realising my own and my family's material circumstances, which at times appeared unbearable, decided himself - and of his own accord - to renounce his share for several years in my favour. I consider this a token of friendship not often met with these days. The present volume, however, provides me with a lucky oppor­tunity to acknowledge my indebtness to him also publicly. Time passed by and things turned slightly 'Persian' in the Eighties, when the rediscovery1 of Uto von Melzer's literary remains in the University Library of Graz, having lain there forgotten for more then twenty-five years, favoured a fruitful cooperation with Dr Nosratollah Rastegar ("Iranische Kommission" of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna). This cooperation resulted in a long-term editorial project, which, as far as my infor­mation goes, is still continued as a very successful one.

It should have become obvious by the foregoing few lines that I do remember the period spent with the "Institut fiir Sprachwissenschaft" in Graz as nothing but an

1 RASTEGAR - SLATE 1987.

r 460 Walter SLAJE

extraordinarily happy one. Common projects, JOmt interdisciplinary classes, the distinctive and stimulating book-smell in the Institute' s library in the Mozartgasse, they all remain deeply engraved in my mind - comparable to psychic impressions ( vasanas, sal!lskaras), the existence of which was postulated by philosophers of ancient India.

This final remark about vasanas should, by the way, mainly serve as a device for bridging the gap at last: it was during the concluding period of my activities in Graz that I began to acquaint myself with the Yogavasi$tha, a text treating mainly the means to liberating oneself by actively influencing one's latent psychic impressions. It was here that I started a first campaign to collect manuscripts of this - with a view to Indian idealistic/illusionistic monism - extraordinarily influential text. The in­vestigation of the collected manuscripts, which was carried out in Hamburg, resulted in the discovery of the - from our present standpoint - most ancient version that has been preserved, namely the Kashmirian Y ogavasi$tha or - according to its self­designation - the Mok$opaya ('means to liberation')2• The development of criteria for a reliable distinction of manuscripts of the Mok$opaya strand allowed for putting my plan of a critical edition into practice, since a well-directed search for manu­scripts had for the first time become possible. Accordingly, a second manuscripts research-campaign was carried out with a view to critically establishing the text of the latter half of the work, the so-called Nirval)aprakaral)a.

W hat will follow now is closely linked to the first published report3 about 'The Mok$opaya Project', which was funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, from 1994 to 1995. Hardly anything substantially new can be added to the general remarks about distinguishing criteria and the plan of the edition made in this previous paper. The main concern, however, will be some new and important manu­scripts, only recently discovered or identified. Therefore the 'Appendices' published in 'The Mok$opaya Project [I]' on pages 217ff should be regarded as outdated and are to be replaced entirely by those of the present report.

It was a third campaign in search of manuscripts, carried out in 1997 and 1998, that yielded the unexpected results which in my opinion fully justify their publication. Mention must be made, first of all, of a private collection of manuscripts from Kashmir acquired by the Orientabteilung of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin4• Apart f�om

, some other valuable texts5, it brought to light several Mok$opaya-manuscripts

(S9-S10, N27-N28) and two manuscripts of Bhaskarakal)!ha's Mok$opaya-Tika (S6,

SLAJE 1994. SLAJE 1997.

, I should like to express my sincere thanks to Dr Hartmut-Ortwin Feistel und to Dr Gerhard Ehlers for their ready infonnation about the acquisition of the collection and for their helpful services when I consulted it in September 1997 and in February 1998, this second time assisted by Dr Jiirgen Hanneder. I should also like to thank Prof Alexis Sanderson for having provided me with his provisional concordance [SANDERSON 1997]. I noted e. g. manuscripts of the Samanvayapradlpal-sailketa of Devasarman (Acc. No. Hs.or. 12336) and of the Gha1akharpara-Gii\lhadlpika of Ku5alamisra (Acc. No. Hs.or. 11088 ). Both of these texts had already been published (SLAJE 1992 and 1993 respectively) some years ago. Though there is no good reason giving cause for the supposition that the Gii\lhadipika would be given yet another text-critical treatment. the more important San1anvaya-texts. however. certainly deserve such a one.

r \

The Mok�opaya Project (II) 461

N 17) covering approximately one half of the Sthitiprakaral)a (Sargas 1-33 ). My pessimistic remark on the occasion of what I thought would be the final volume of the 'complete' edition of all the remaining fragments of Bhaskarakal)tha's Tika (MT 1-111), namely that " .. . alles, was ... nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand erhalten blieb, in jedermann zuganglicher Weise ans Licht gebracht [sei]"6, has now of course to be revised.

The more so since yet another fragment of Bhaskarakal)!ha' s Tika appeared -miraculously so to say - out of the blue of another still uncatalogued collection. It was during a stay at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 7 in Poona in October 1997, when trying to track down the existing Mok�opaya-manuscripts according to the entries in the BORI's Descriptive Catalogue (N6, N8, N l 5, N l9-N22), that I also chanced upon some manuscripts apparently not contained in it8• Among them (N23-N26), also a fragment of the Tika (N26) explaining substantial parts of the Nirval)a­prakaral)a. This manuscript turned out to be the one identified by P.C. Divanji (1938).

I learned my lesson, however, from a subsequent visit to the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (New Delhi), in that the Centre meanwhile has so many micro­filmed manuscript collections at its disposal, that all future research could basically take the Centre as its starting-point. This is true in particular with regard to major collections with a large number of uncatalogued manuscripts. Since all of them were microfilmed, authors and titles of even uncatalogued materials can be traced with the help of a reliable and continuously updated data-base. Tracing the BORI's Tika (N26) e.g. was a matter of only a few minutes. It is due to the kind help of Pandit Satkari Mukhopadhyaya's proficient daughter Arafijana that another important manu­script (S7), purchased by the IGNCA from the private collection of a Kashmirian refugee, can be found added to the present list9 of valuable Mok�opaya manuscripts.

Yet a considerable number of manuscripts remains completely inaccessible though they have been identified10 and can be located in the Research and Publication Department in Srinagar. To date all efforts made for access have been in vain. An easing of the political tension will certainly favour an investigation one day. Since it cannot be foreseen when and if this will ever happen, I should like to bring the serial

' Cp. MT (IJ. Vorwort p. 9. I should like to express my sincere thanks to the present curator. Prof Dr S. D. Laddu. for excellent preparation of research-tools and research-materials as well as for the many good services rendered to me by his friendly staff. I feel also it needs to be reported that Prof Laddu emerged as the nephew of Prof Tukaram Krishna Laddu ( 19.02. 1883 -23. 11.1919). the first Indian scholar to receive a Ph.D. degree from the Martin-Luther-University of Halle­Wittenberg. his doctoral thesis (Prolegomena zu Trivikrarnas Grammatik. 1912) having been supervised by one of my precedessors occupying the Halle chair of Indology. Eugen Hultzsch.

' They could finally be traced in what proved itself nothing more than a printed title-list A Catalogue of the GO\·em­mellf Collection of Manuscripts deposited in the Deccan College ( ... XIX: Vishrambag Collection). year and place of publication not given.

9 Which can again be enlarged by ms S 1 1 through a kind communication by my friend Prof Raffaele Torella (Rome). who - on his visit to the IGNCA in 1999 - secured yet another Mok�opaya-ms. containing the M umuk�uprakarai:ia.

10 The Research and Publication Department. Jarnmu and Kashmir Government. Srinagar (Krnr): A Catalogue of San­skrit Manuscripts. Srinagar 1989. I have been provided with a copy of this rare catalogue by my friend Dr Ernst Prets (Austrian Academy of Sciences. Vienna). for which I feel grateful indeed.

462 Walter SLAJE

numbers of those manuscripts to the reader's notice, which - judging from the extremely short catalogue-entries only - appear to be important:

- S. Nos 4787 to 4799 (13 mss) catalogued as Yogavasi$tha but probably the Mok$opaya, mostly in Sarada script, some on birch-bark.

- S. Nos 4827 to 4828 (2 mss) catalogued as Y ogavasi$thapka but probably fragments of Bhaskarakal)tha's Mok$opayatika in Sarada.

- S. Nos 2419 and 4800 (2 mss): an unidentified Mok$opaya- or Yogavasi$tha­Sangraha 11• - S. Nos 2420 to 2422 (3 mss): an unidentified Mok$opaya-Sara.

- S. Nos 4801 to 4820 (20 mss): an unidentified Yogavasi$tha-Sara.

- S. Nos 4821 to 4826 (6 mss): Mahi:dhara's Yogavasi$tha-Sara.

So far the Sri:nagar collection, inaccessible at present. After years of searching, I do not really expect any other important finds in major manuscript-collections, though they might of course happen, above all in individual cases.

This, then, is an updated list of Mok$opaya manuscripts:

Manuscripts of the Kashmirian Yogavasi�!ha (Mok�opaya) Mok�opii.ya (including the Khilas) and Bhaskarakat,l!ha's !ikii.

Manuscripts of the Kashmirian Yogavasi$tha (Mok$opaya). Identification based upon variants characteristic of the Kashmir strand and/or the following formal criteria12:

Vairagya beginning with N/Ed I 2. Utpatti extending to N/Ed IV 18. Sthitibeginning with N/Ed IV 19. Nirval)a undivided into Pilrva- and Uttarardhas. Khiias (nanaprasnab) appended to the Nirval)aprakaral)a.

Sigla:

SI Complete. Facsimile edition by L. CHANDRA, New Delhi 1984: described m

SLAJE l 994:38f. S3 Complete. Sri Pratap Singh Library, Srinagar: SLAJE 1994:39f. S4 Incomplete (fikii.: Vaira;gya). Banaras Hindu University Library, Varanasi.

SLAJE 1994:40 f. S5 Incomplete (N1rval)a and Kh1Jas). Bodleian Library, Oxford: SLAJE 1994:41

with further references.

11 Dr Reinhold Griinendahl was kind enough to provide me with a Sarada copy of a Mok�opayasailgraha preserved in the Niedersiichsische Staats- und Universitiitsbibliothek Gottingen (Cod. Ms. Sanscr. Yish. 126. 1126 foll.). It totally differs in size and verse-selection from all the other abstracts that have ever come to my notice and depends doubt­lessly on the Kashmirian recension of the Y ogavasi�\ha. A thorough investigation of all the existing Y ogavasi�\ha­abstracts. of their possible sources, their interdependence. their contents and their extensions, is one an10ng the urgent desiderata of Yogavasi�\ha philology.

" Cp. SLATE 1997 :211 ff.

��I

The Mok�opaya Project (II) 463

s6

s1

SS

s9

s10

SU

Incomplete (!ikii: SthitiN 1-5). Staatsbibliothek Berlin, (Janert collection KA 1704). Incomplete ( Utpatti). Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi. Uncatalogued, purchased m 1995 from a private collection, No RAR/181.045/MOK. Incomplete (Sthiti IV 21,53 - Upasanti V 12,4). Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London). Wellcome Ms Indic (beta) 494,'foll 4r-57'. Incomplete ( Vairagya to Upasanti V 93,65 ). Staatsbibliothek Berlin Hs.or. 12511 (Janert collection KA 1511), foll. 687 (legible folio-numbers)+ 23. Incomplete ( Sthiti [starting with IV 19, 1 ]). Staatsbibliothek Berlin Hs.or. 12869

(Janert collection KA 1869). Incomplete (Mumuk$uvya vahara). Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi. Uncatalogued, No. RAR 181.045 MUM. [According to R. Torella].

N6 Incomplete (Mumuk$U). BORI, Poona: SLAJE 1994:33 with further references. NS Incomplete ( Vairagya to Upasanti). BORI, Poona: SLAJE 1994:33 with further

references. NlO Incomplete ( Vairagya to Upasanti). National Archives Nepal, Kathmandu/

Orientabteilung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: SLAJE 1994:34. NU Incomplete (!ikii: Vairagya). Banaras Hindu University Library, Varanasi.

SLAJE l 994:34ff. N12 Incomplete (!ikii: Mumuk$u, Utpa tti). Banaras Hindu University Library,

Varanasi. SLAJE 1994:36ff. N13 Incomplete (!ikii: Utpatti). Banaras Hindu University Library, Varanasi. SLAJE

1994:38. N14 Incomplete. National Archives Nepal, Kathmandu/Orientabteilung der Staatsbi­

bliothek zu Berlin (NGMPP - B 72/10 [= A 899/10]). 'Sammelhandschrift' of very poor scribal quality by three different scribes, put together incorrectly. Only 81 sargas of the Nirval}a (VI 158-239; � N/Ed, VI, uttarardha , 1-81), i.e. the part of "scribe I", represent the Kashmir version.

N15 Incomplete (Nir val}a and Khilas). BORI, Poona: Descriptive Catatalogue [DC] of Manuscripts in the Government Library, Vol. 2,9. Poona 1955, No 775

(Visrama 11/24 ). N16 Incomplete (Khilas). IOL: Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library

of the India Office (London 1894), Pt IV,A,VII, Nr. 2423. N17 Incomplete (!ikii: Sthiti N 1-33). Staatsbibliothek Berlin, (Janert collection

KA 221). N19 Incomplete ( Vairagya). BORI, Poona: DC No 779(Visrama11/217). Same scribe

as N6. N20 Incomplete ( Utpattilll 1,1-57,20; Ill 101,28c - SthitilV 11,68a). BORI, Poona:

DC No 776 (Visrama 11/224). Two scribal hands. 1 st hand seems to be identical with N6 (covering Ill 1,1-57,20); 2°ct hand covers Ill 101,28c - IV 11,68a �

N22. N21 Incomplete (Utpatti Ill 61,18-64,21; 114,26-115,16; Sthiti IV 19,31-57,1;

Upasanti, V 48,3 l c-53,35; 53,77-93,53). BORI, Poona: DC No 773 (Visrama 11/232). Folios 124-127 and 223-225 of the Utpatti erroneously embedded in the Upasanti (= foll. 108-124; 127-222).

464 Walter SLAJE

N22 Incomplete (SthjfjfV 22,26-61,8c). BORI, Poona: DC No 777 (Visrama W225). Seems to belong originally to N20, 2°ct hand.

N23 Incomplete (Nirval)a V I 2,49c-98, l a). BORI, Poona: Uncatalogued (Visrama II/116), 206 foll.

N24 Incomplete (Nirval)a, MS VI 132 [= turyapada vjcaro nama sargal;] to Kh1Jas XII [= prakta11ajanmapjtrkaryamfl;ayo nama sargal;]). BORI, Poona: Uncata­logued (Visrama II/117), numbering of foll: 670 (scribe's hand), 550 (second hand).

N25 Incomplete (Nirval)a and Khilas). BORI, Poona: Uncatalogued (Visrama I/419). 913 foll., dated sa: 1800.

N26 Incomplete (fikii: Nirval)a MS VI 195[=N/Ed VII 38],2 - MS VI 27 l [=N/Ed VII 144], l ). BORI, Poona: Uncatalogued (Visrama I/623), 208 foll. Kashmir­DevanagarL [Divanji 1938].

N27 Incomplete (Nirval)a V II 115,43b-215,17 followed by a Khifa-pra tisandhi­sfoka). Staatsbibliothek Berlin: Hs.or. 11354 (Janert collection KA 534 ), foll. 172-322.

N28 Incomplete ( Sthiti fV 19, 1-53,Sc ). StaBi Berlin Hs.or. 11724 (Janert collection KA 724).

N(x) Incomplete (Khifas. Text scattered. Khila-Slokas appear as inserted after Sarga 2,51 of the Nirval).aprakaral).a). National Archives Nepal, Kathmandu/Orient­abteilung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (NGMPP), Reel No. E 719/2.

�

< -...- -·---- -

Conspectus I: Mula-text and Khilas

(I.) SI S3 S9 NS NIO Nl9

Vai

(II.) s1 S3 S9 SI I N6 NS NlO

Mu

(Ill.) SI S3 S7 S9 NS NIO N20 N21

Utp

(IV.) st S3 SS S9 SIO NS NlO N20 N2l N22 N2S

Sthi

(V.) SI S3 SS S9 NS NIO N21

Upa

(V I.) SI S3 SS Nl4 NIS N23 N24 N2S N27

Nir

Khi S3 ss NIS NI6 N24 N2S N(x)

r Conspectus II: Bhaskarakai;itha's Mok�opiiya-Tikii

(I.) S4 NI I Vairagya

(II.) Nl2 Mumuk�u (Ill.) N I2 Nl3 Utpatti

(IV.) S6 Nl7 Sthiti

(V.) Upasanti

(V I.) N 26 Nirval).a

·-.Synopsis of the present state of the editions

Mula-text !ikii (I.) Vairagya (32 Sargas. - 1.200 Slokas)

Published: MT (I)

(II.) Mumuk�u (20 Sargas. - 800 Slokas)

Published: MT (II)

(III.) Utpatti Under preparation Published: MT (III) (*122 Sargas. - 5.000 Slokas) (Dr Jiirgen Hanneder)

(IV.) Sthiti (*62 Sargas, - 2.500 Slokas)

Under preparation: MT (IV)

(V.) Upasanti (* 93 Sargas, - 4.200 Slokas)

(VI.) Nirval).a (374 Sargas, - 15.000 Slokas)

Completed transcript (S I) Under preparation: MT (VI)

Khila Completed transcript (S3, SS) (14 Sargas, - 600 S.Jokas)

* = According to the vulgate (N/Ed). Extension of S not yet ascertained.

The Mok�opaya Project (II) 467

Bibliography

DIVANJI, P.C.: 1938 MS. No. 623Nisram (1) at the B.O.R.I. Poona. New Indian Antiquary 1,7 (1938),

s. 460-462. MT (I) Bhaskarakal).thas Mo��opaya-Tika. Ein Kommentar in der Tradition der kaschmiri­

schen Y ogavasi$tha-Uberlieferung. 1. (V airagya )-Prakara?Ja. U nter Mit­arbeit von Jutta V AI.ENT hrsg. von Walter SLAJE. [Materialien fiit eine kritische Ausgabe des Mok$opaya. 3.] Graz 1996.

MT (II) Bhaskarakal).thas Mo�$Opaya-Tika. Ein Kommentar in der Tradition der kaschmiri­schen Yogavasi$tha-Uberlieferung. 2. Prakara!'a ( Mumuk�uvyavahara). [Materialien fiir eine kritische Ausgabe des Mok$opaya. 1. = Arbeiten aus der Ab­teilung 'Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft' Graz. 7.] Graz 1993.

MT (ID) Bhaskarakal)thas Mo�$opaya-Tika. Ein Kommentar in der Tradition der kaschmiri­schen Yogavasi$tha-Uberlieferung. Die Fragmente des 3. (Utpattt)-Pra­kara!'a. [Materialien fiir eine kritische Ausgabe des Mok$opaya. 2.] Graz 1995.

N/Ed Yogavas1$/ha (Nagari-Version). The Yogavasi$tha of Valmiki. With the co�en­tary V asi$thamaharamayal)atatparyaprakasha. Ed. by Wasudeva Laxmana SASTRl PANS!KAR P. 1. 2. Reprint [of the 3. ed.] New Delhi 1984.

RASTEGAR, Nosratollah - SLAJE, Walter: 1987 Uto von Melzer (1881-1961). Werk und NachlaB eines osterreichischen Iranisten.

[OAW. 477 =VIK. 20] Wien 1987. S Mok$opaya (Ms), Vairagya- to Nirval)aprakaral)a without commentary. Sanskrit

T�xts from Kashmir. Vols. 8-9 (: Yogavasi$tha). Reproduced by Lokesh CHANDRA. [Sata-Pitaka Series 334.335.] New Delhi 1984.

SANDERSON, Alexis: 1997 An interim guide to the locating of the Kashmirian manuscripts in the Janert

collection acquired but not yet accessioned by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Typescript, 23 September 1997.

SLAJE, Walter: 1992 Materialien zu einer vergessenen lokalen Tradition der einheimischen indischen

Grammatik: Kuc;!akas Samanvayadis und die Folgeliteratur (Miscellanea zu den Wiener Sanskrit-Handschriften.2.). Wiener Zeitschrift fiir die Kunde Siidasiens 36 (1992), S. 105-126.

1993 Sarada. Deskriptiv-synchrone Schriftkunde zur Bearbeitung kaschmirischer Sanskrit-Manuskripte. Auf der Grundlage von Ku5alas Ghatakharpara-Guc;lha­dipika und unter graphischer Mitwirkung von Eva Slaje. [Indische Schriften. l.] Reinbek 1993.

1994 Yorn Mok$opaya-Sastra zum Yog�yasi$tha-Maharamayal)a. Philologische Unter­suchungen zur Entwicklungs- und Uberliefer,ungsgeschichte eines indischen Lehr­werks mit Anspruch auf Heilsrelevanz. [SB. OAW. 609 = VKSKS. 27] Wien 1994.

1997 The Mok$opaya Project [I]. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Institute 77 (1996) [published 1997], S. 209-221.