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P O U T I C A L C T A T B , S C E N E R Y , A N D I K H A B I T A N T S t

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A D V E N T U R E S

A M O N G S T T H E C A H L I 8 T 8 A K D C H R I d T I N O S .

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E D W A R D B E L L S T E P H E N S , E s q .

I K T W ft V O LV M B B .

V O L . L

L O N D O N ;

^ U n r A K l i R U C o . A V E M A R I A L A N E

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I<ON oI«: o i i ^ i c s í 4 R iv j íía T y ir , p w k i f r s ,

í T , JO H H ’ é »«v * * ! .

A' . U ^

PREFACE.

I t would b e d lS cu lc to e x a sp e ra te d ie icaportaucp

o f tb e cootcet w liid i is now carried on tn SpfUii.

Th&t mig;hc have b een , b u t i t ^?a5 oot

perm itted to be, eim ply a dvU w ar, involving in te -

ro^ts o f u o g rea te r iD ^ n itu d e chan cbe success o f

one of tbe tw o ssfpirant« to t}ie Spiujiab tbrone.

T h e in ten n ed d lio ^ po licy of wLat a re te rm ed the

** free gov em m cn ti o f W estern E u ro p e ," lias g^veii

to th e s tro g g le a new atid n rnost consequential

ciiaraetor. E ug land , F ran«? and I 'o r tu g a l, have

eonim ined them selves to the contest,—a c d th e fiji;t

has expended blood a n d treasnrc to an enorm ous

am ount, iu th e hope o f secu ring the ascendancy o f

one of the ooDtending paxtte».

a 2

T h e tn u iD p h o f D o n C a rlo s w o u ld th e re fo re h e i j o t m e re ly th e d e fe a t o f Q u e e n Is a b e lla j i t w ou ld be th o d e fe a t o f t i ie c om b in ed pow e rs o i' h e r a llie s . W iie th e r such w i l l be ih e is^ue o f ;L e «Crife. I ta k e n o t od m y s e lf to aseert. H o w e ve r , i t is n o t o n ly poss ib le ,— b u t p ro b a b le ;— and th e p ro ­b a b i l i t y is in & c t g a f f id e n t to f ix th e se rions a tte nQ ou o f E u ro p e u p o n a g a tn e p la y e d fo r so deep a s take .

T h is u id ja p p y fe m ily < jua rre l h a v in g th u s o u t- ^ w i i i ts p e n in s u la r im po rta n ce and a a u m o d a se rious E u ro p e a n c h a ra c te r ; i t w i l l be h ig l i l y in te - re s t io g to tra ce th e p ro c e s s a n d re su lts o f ite la s t (a n d as i t appears to m e ) m o s t e v e n tfu l c a m p ^g n . T b e co n te s t in th e B a sq ue p rov ijiceB e x h ib its a perfocC phenom enon in th e h is to ry o f w a rfa re . T h e peasants o f one l i t t l e c o m e r o f th e k in g d o m lia v e n o w fo r fo u r ye a rs b id d e fi- anep to th e pe rseve ring ; e xe rd o u s o f th e re g u - L t r ly o rg ;a u lie d G o v e rn m e n t o f th e c o u n try__sup­p o r te d as th a t G e ve rn in e D t bas been b y the resources o f tw o o f d ie m os t p o w e r fu l na tio n s

in E urope. T h e follow ing pegos— the re sn it o f

persoitid experience d u r in g som e raootlis’ rr^tv^I

and residence am idst th e m ust stiirlui^ scejies iii

(be m ountain »trifc, vrill, 1 tidnk , ftiiinsh an easy

Molulion o f the problem , lie fu re I crossed the

Pyxeneei? I coufeas I w as o ften atnazoH a t the

& tra n ^ d u n d o n o f rhis oTontful 6triig^le« an d the

facility w ith v h ic h a scw ity h an d o f G nerillaa g ra ­

dually sw elled io to a w ell orgiaolzed and roost

form idable arm y. I w ont am ongst th is eiD ^iIar

people— lived w id i diem — shared Li th e ir (oils

and priTatiocj^— a n d took m y p a r t in th e ir dan­

g ers (Uid am uM m ents, til l w hat surprised rac

fore, surpruM« m e n o longer. T h e reader »ho

m ay plea&e to accom pany m e th ro u g h the follow­

in g p ^ s , w ill And a fu th fu l tran sc rip t o f first

im p rf^ io n s , daily observations, g radual enlighten*

m e n t and final conTiotion. H e w ill th e re find

erid eu ccs o f the n a lu ra l resource» a n d m eans of

defence e s is lh ig w ith in those P ro rin ce s , sufficient

to p ro long the c ir i l strife to an l o d e f i D i t c period

o f Uieir occupation b y a hardy , honest, generous,

A d

io tc liig en t a o d noble people, u i wl»om th e Jor«

o f lib e rty a o d tlie con tem pt o f d e a th in ¡(b de­

ton«?, seem inadnctiTe;— w ho straogG ly com biue

tlic g rea tea t love a n d ap titu d e bo th fo r the la­

bours o f the huabandm ao and o f th e so ld ier;—

H hw e tastes a re s im ple ao d in the m idst

o f n a t lrc liu n r ie s i^ -w lio sc hab its o f jaC icnt a j d

j>er6oreriDg resistance o n ly increaae w ith ob-

‘itac les;— and , above all, whose entbusiasm in

th e cause of th e ir per*ecat«d Sovereigu» so de­

velop and em ploy those various qualiUos, a s to

s h a t o u t th e rem o test p rospect o f th e w ar in

S pain «being b ro o g h t to a n y o ther te rm inadou

th a n th e oom plele trium ph o f th e ir beloved

C a r l o s Q u i n t o .

C O N T E N T S

VOL. I.

C H A rX E K I.

I > » m e n &oiq tbe W eeuniostcr Leg:»».— locitco ien t u » »paoiih tour. — Dtfficdltri« a u d F rm c li D m ai^kn .’^ A H w )oe <iQi£( Tor paanog <bc (n n tl« r .— A coom lkaad oiglii

S o e id e n ts 0 0 che C ro n tie r . '— T b o d fs c e u i i i i i uSp»io,__F o r o t d im (« r8 .-~A n’i«aJ u V « » .— R c p u e over

t »<jpp«r party . . . . * ............................................................. '

C H A PT ER II.T t t f va lley » o ( N a v a m . — T l te lU o B ld M M a.— K a i r e d M

ItodU.—C u ld v k tio o o i ifac «oil.— H ie C u U w DM tioe.— T be bndgc of B«inbie.— I^av sm ee u d T ir ; .—C t t iu i accoarr«> mmub— F ordA caiim f o f Irua.*^brV U A O «xperimeBi oa

a r d lk r ; , i s d vog io e« w g ...............................................

C H A P T E R m .

tAOB

D«lt* n f tb« R io B id w io a .^ I is c d c in i io o sn d p ro J tic e .^

I .u x u r ia jw o f th è ^oiL— R .d o s o f F u é n u ra b i« .— R n r e * t of

G ene»» ! E v ^ a n - h i g i b u m l c « c u a « ;— b i* l ib r a r y « p t u r e d .

- K n i J r u a a a o f c * D « C » r i w .— J > f c n e « 8 e f F u c n u r a l ^ i . . •>e

C nA l*TRK IV.

R o y t l to u r o f i a i p « t J « i ._ B M » b i i e ì a » ik r e c e p t io n o f D o n

l U y a l n ip b r m w t b c i — R w y d r o * d fo

n u i p g s M c o W v w a « , - N « v « r T a i e a r e b i t e o i u r e . ^ P ^ d o n o f

È « e » i t — D e f e n c ^ o f E « w ì l a .— l i x p e J i c i o n «o A a A w a r i * , .

— C o D i« T i i io n o f 9 b to o C T — A p fX à r t i i c e o f dii* Bftopfc—

F c o t Ì e * » r r i « n . - U a t U ^ o f U « 8ock— C iic n U ^ « n u m a -

c c o w fc— B a « iu e s y m p ^ ih y u a à s o f l l n i n » .— lU c r u i i s fro as

A i r a ^ n — P r o r i o c U I w i c i i « . — A r w g o w w c h i f i c i e r i M i a

8n J c a j M b i l i t i e » . .....................................................

C I I A P T E R V .

S o jo u re a t E « e l k , — R e c c p tìo n b y D o n < 'i ir lM .— E i c u r .

H o w iro u iK l E » iè ll» .— C u l t o r i o f o i i i » a n d » b « « . — A g r i .

c u lu fT f o f < 3 u ip « * c « .^ A ro y a l b i v o u i a — O p « r» c W is in ib e

i n t e r i o r . ^ V i r t e u i i c u r e i n N i r « « , — A »p® ci o f t h è A m a .

.17

A«C H A 1 * T E R V I.

o n I U v c r » ^ A C I t r is d o o F a r a f . — C & r l is i i t o ih p « M i w ^ R c t r w t < if tb e C h r if t« iir t * .— A p p c a r t f t c i o i «b« F ro n c i* r ,— A v l u u i e r ^ d tu « o .^ M a v i t j T « v e s u a n in u c y .—

A m i l i t t r y h t ^ u l — A tp^ ^oD iifl d t * c r » f .— A F « n c b p t .

r i w i t ^ I I o r r o r a o f d t i l w a t . — T r t a l» o f «he Sitten o f Mercy.........................

IO .............................G6

C H A PT E R V II.r*sB

C h jís r m o l y i w i n 9 Í * i f f e w . - A n o i l i c t I . « í i< 7 0 i t £ . - T b r T a r i « . C o iD » * « « « t— « K T c « i p * l ^ . - N í O o n a l »ira.

- < n » e í í a v u T C ^ — A B i«h t w a rc b — C h i w l í t o f tb c

E n g liii li t í s v e l le r» .— D íc te ü «

r i e s ^ P u ^ m o f «be p jcw re aq u c .— A te leg rap iiie £u)»^,« # n o c y — U m o f p i i l t r t r f n j ü a k e » w > l r « « U e r i . - A sm id e n

d)»iléiij?c .«-D M ff?r o f piKkftc b 4 b i« .— P a « p o r t* ia

a o d r r t o c € — A m o o i J i íh « n a T c h — A r c r ^ b i t ì T e C * r b «

P i i i * n d * l ■ deobm tfg iiioo .— lu te U iè - e « «

ta jT C « .— B y re o on i» i« t j© a - . . ■ ■ > • ..........................

C H A PT E R VIII.

RoyaJ eo B \k »7.— A u m a m b i RíWUfc—T r i^ d l io g

< v m p « m o o * i o N a í a r r e .— C o f a c u l tu r e o f A la v a .— Expc<li*

n o o » l i l e A u n r i t a .— r ie a * u i« » o f a « J in w ia d e — l¿ a b Í H c »

Qf a f r o o n « t o * n ^ T h e b e i d e fieW i o f d i e B e ra c í f c — T M

p l a i a o f A iqu 'ií«» .— I i » b r i d ^ o í b a t t ì i# .— D effttn " f C o t -

a » « ^ > - D ? t« a t o f l o n f i u o .— V K C o rio u . m a in w c e t i c « .— Tb<*

c w d e o f G u e v a ra .— P U n o f «be í o r n e u . — g o v « r n -

> * ín i w e rk s .— " T l ie O r a n d in o ib c r a n d h * r «tjWrT>B."— P íe*

lu r e v iu e re v ic w M C a c b » r x — F iK a m p m e o t a t A rlab& ik—

R oyaJ O n n o l a i o o U M g n á r a j o n .—C a i l is c p M ^ w in th r« e

y«arfc...................................................................................

C H A PT ER IX .

R e c f p t io o a t D o r a n ^ — C h u rc b o o á c b i t h e m o o n iiiJ H .

— U a s g u e b a b i r a , lo y a lry , u i á ontliO Biasiu.— G h ir a c i e t o f

D w i C a rle e .— A ^ u k u r u in th « p r o v in c e ^ — llaab d J id T } o f

C M n p u tfg B .x H u tb k in d r? o f K ic a y .— riro c e e q u e a c a n e r j .—

A n i o a ^ o a á v « to u le . '^ . 'H m v a l o í L o rd U a o e t ^ t . — R v y a l

Tí

97

P re p » T » iio « j f o r th e sl«(re o f B ilb»o .— M atiu fiic -

r u r e o f « n u» . — o f £ n a i i& ,— S u k a b « ( » o i EiCNir.—

C h r iw ifw P r s e u r o a .— H u sb ifM Ìj; ii> D u r i n g — T e m c e t o f

t h e R io l> e h a .— A r o M u r r a t P l t c e n t l ^ — M i i o o i c t u » o f jiioa-

k « i . — A c o n r e n c i n tb « r i v e r .— C o n v e t i t u J p o l ic y ) ire liJy

l i u v r i o u s t — A m i l i t a r j ho« in t»J.— ( 'o n r e u t o f S a a ik M « ? i*

— I t ) « O fiat« P r £ « s ^ I r o n w oA > t t liU nrin ,—C io n o n .W l

fo u n d r y ,— B « iu r r « c C o o o f A r t iR C T y .— N i t i o u a l c o n r r tM f t ,—13«*^u« « l iv u c r e n s t ic « ,— A fi« D « Q i o t a r t i U « r ^ M o u o u in

mechajiicjs.— P o w d w -« ii la « Toloca.— A u “ to f im s l n w c b o e ,”

— S h ifp MortJif praeiice,— h'aiional C y a o u t K eisercisc.— C1adÌi(orìal and AoMMDian vrotniinna,— N ir u n l bnm m i« .— T h e CBLidi.*-Cnis«r(iia i i i e « . — Tlio p e w m of re iu ic .— NuùoDkl « r h ib i i io u .—S&^cUory laerw».— A itia< e ay a n V ^ g tr t i— A T iJ ii je W B ttn y .— B iscayan wiirf>lkSty.— T b e p o » t i7 o f « a t ................................................................................ » i q

C H A PTEK X.

S ix r a d o f B illao .— C iirìtrino srroog liold«.— S eeu try « rw io J D ilb a a — M o rta i h a u c iy opcned.— T h e betnhdrd-

z o c o t— S b tr p - ^ o o in i^ a t MaUgaB— C^irlJic |>roiocn»rl)ng.—

M o w i t t i n b « d - iD a lc )) ig .-^ c « f» es in a c a m p — A m » d o f T > ^ S e h a t t ja n ,— O o c d « p tn p g u y o n l}je h illa .— R c q iM e i v f t i »

F re n c Q o n iw u l,— R c M o n # f v r « s i J c o c a .— “ Af. J W - « r -

r a w i r , '” — B r e a c l i i iv b u t t e r i « o p e n c d — D e n h o f B r i ^ i e c

C i n J l « ^ I > o n J u a n M o o w n e g ro w o o a d e J .—^ u h u r b * in

flan>«&— V g lu o r c a n f o r it i« 4 « i« u li.—i ’o n d ìi jo n o f i ? » b f .

« Ì « g ^ . ~ A u ^ ì i l aa sau lL — C o m M i w ith in t h è w a l k — I U .

p u is e o r Uje « o n m o g p a n y .— M o u n i i ^ th o k m c b — R « i r c t i

o f th è a a sa ìL u i» .— l > « d n»co c « n 't « i i— C o n tp u rac ìT o v a lM

« f M « i.— B o iu W d m e o t c o o t i n u e i — B c p o n o f k iU cd a n d

» o u c H b d .— B t s u i y o f t& e e o o a tr y .- - a i r ì8 i in i .> duacTO rg.—

?A<3*

C firisiino p fs c ü ca ,— A l ìg h t fa» C ru ik sh w ik .— A

à te -p ro o t m a g £ ^ . - T h f l m agM Ìn.^— lW «»yan e p -

p o * e n . - A » « t ì « « i m l * J . - B « a y a n r i m e » » o d

........................................................................................................

C I I A P T E H X I .

lU d w e iA e r ,— f W n ù f t w Z » ro o d io .^ T lw sieg« « I -

Jouroed .— R<prfCpT» o f a bom b*nlrb«iit— r « m « irn |k « « r* } „ g ._ A Scotch p w c r l* illttK raw d.— A C h riit in o baUetìfl.-—

" T h i# i» tu o b*d r —To« moog a ea« J—Ctmirij» cbImt«- nic*.—Parrt*«ji blund^.—Son>e of thè garrìioiL—Baiti« o i tJw to w h p k k fc — N e re m b « in D iiw y .— “ T o b o rse Tor

.. ...........................................................................................................

C I I A P T E R X I I .

Th»; l ìe f« tC M lr te i— A tB c k o n fW r te tfcn d ira t.— S o t-

rvTKl«r 0Í B « n d « ^ — A c a r r i a ^ atole « w a y ^ A i;arrìM n ffeep le-rhaM .— l^ c a k g«m e c t a j i f i i— M ìlj 'a ty &irc«d W n s .— C a r l i « i»oi*-Ìi»t«r?ei»<itPii.— F r v " c h n u d e * : ; .— A iS tc k o n

S u i M tuoèi.__ 'l i t e outw<n’k4 slorcasd .— o p t a r e o r s n m it-

K o rb ,__ A d v a n c « io ib o b r i s ^ h .— L <ir4 R « r i« l£ jb forM itosC

__T b r c o n re o l A c b a o fe o f a p p a ra i— A fte r (be

__T m s r a t» P o r C arlo& /»& (ufi« l aoldSm^— A s ia r t-

M «oe.— U m a n i ty o f ib e C arlijrh — A o a o ia ic u r 4rtll*

levo,__E f f i p t o f a co«g«2 Ìna.— F o c n u e B uH >iÌD ging.~C aw

{ò? a oou it o f ho n o u r.— Jad R n tc o t ]>osSponid< < . . . . S30

C H A P T E R X I I I .

Poal(kpQ of th è B rìtish «bl p»*— Erom BU> Uau>^Don M. 6 a jn ourtWrert.— Cbr>8ii(V> al^J«ity; C artlu inerej.— M tre««diw àe S tir itk^ — A itack o o Ludianabhdgv.

f AOK— o ( i b e b r i d ^ * { i ^ — M iltC a rf

fcrfiés«« a d le e d i ie * .— F o s b c f r a n c e o f d i e C m IÌ tO .— C b r ìs t ì s o

lukewàJiBiwei.— A C h jù d n o diU m isb— S g o ìk iv fn u E r u i .— ‘^ G m i j o j ui9(o l i t e cd io p l "— F Ì x b t j o n e c c l ” — L o rd

I ta n c le g h '» dapggr»— C a s c s m L s S t n g r e . .......................................2Af»

C I I A P T E K X I V .

N e w b rw c tÙ Q ^ b t t te r i c s .— G o o d a d v ìc c o v e rru le d .— T h e

s tu o li f o t n BOI e e d u c o L — L r g i o id t e h i^biU « o d p o a M q u e o c c t.

— E p Ù A 's p la o * e b ia g v i i .— E a p A te rA a p p r t« c b ÌB g .— D o o

C u s o r ' i a o iM c c itie flL w .C a n p m i n h a n d tno«Ìi&—

b i j t ^ p e a ? — P a y u i^ a c a m p v ìa ìc — W h a t ù l ì & f — P c « iù o ii

o f i b e b a u e r te * .— C a n a l ù c t w f i w U otcìaA ce-—

A prw ilA Sble b reach t — A do lp h e d 'A r g r ib o t.— T b e echool

u f ih e M < A — C o u n t U o rta n t '» g s lla n c ij .— E rp e c d ic u re of

p o v d e r^ R e c k l tM iK s « o f i)>e g»m ea«v— P a f tp e t w o u iu h . , 273

C H A P T E R X V .

E ip w t ( ‘r o r e in fo rc e d . a o d a p p r o a c h b t ; b ; ih e c r a A — G ovd

Dioro o f t b c C b n s t in » 8 .-^ !> a jn p ii ( e ra t i i r e .— C h n e t in o G n o d -

U o q o c o G c ^ “ T h e w a y t h è C ar)ÌB t» t a r r y I t ” — P r c c e b b ;

m * « ( F r a d i c e .— G a r r i i o n r« a d in |;& — D e f^ in j; a W o c k a J i ,—

U r e ie b , a e n u l t» a n d s e n k . ^ B g u i t ' a p o l ì e ; a n d p r c p a r a d o n »

f o t E t p v t e r o . — P ea« B o t» r e l ie v e d i n t h è b - t t e r i i s .—'A d r i c e

%o 4 h i i to r ia i t .— U<M o f L a C m « .— l i e l i y a a r e (U ugeiV Q s. , 2 9 4

B A S Q U E P R O V I N C E S .

C H A P T F .R 1.

1 arrived a t B ayonne tb e Ord « f S ep tem b er, 1S36, p repara to ry to a to u t in the B asque provinces onei Nfivaixe, ae corr^spoudect o f the M o rn in g Post» accred ited to tk e co u rt o f D o n Ctnlos. A u n g le in c ^ e n t o f m y jo n m e y overbind from Boulogne perliaps A csn vcs to b e m entioned in connexion w ith the object o f m y : i t occurred a few hours previous to m y arrival.

O ku d iligence w as croasing she Landes a t sunrise, am idst heavy ^ut»ts a n d thunder showers. W e w cri“ in th e m id st o f an im raeoee w aste, w here Iieath, furze, wild m in t and fv ra w ere th in ly scattered oxi a m ossy surface, rem ind ing the tn»Tcller o f the

V O L. T.

b leak es t parte o f C onnem ara or DarCmoor. W hile slow ly e t r u ^ l i n g d iruugh the* aaiidy, iaiK)ry, m iry road> wc observed approao b lo g a d rove o f e ig h t o r te n o f tb e m ost w retched look ing trav e lle rs I ev e r «iw , des tin itc o f e i th e r cwils o r w dstcoate , som e w ithout hats, som e w ith rag ijed w allets, th e ir w cathor-heaten and neg lec ted r isag e s (wbichapj>eared to have only b een w ashed b y tb o ra in fo r tb o laat w eek , and th a t v e ry ineiFectnally) p resenU ng an esfpre* ion o f de­basem ent th a t I iiavc n o t seen equalled ev en am ong tlie poverty -stricken <Teaturea who an n u a lly arrive in crowds from the far w est o f th e E m era ld l«le to rea p th e harvest o f E u g land . T h re e couple w alked in such uncom fortable p roadm ity th a t i t appeared certaiji tlic ir w riits w ere jo in e d b y som eth ing « tronger th a n th e t ie o f boon cotnpaiiiousLip. T h e o thers s trag g led sing ly , a ll followed b y tw o well- m oun ted eomforEahly defended from

th e storm b y th e ir heavy eloak^.M y fellow p 'u sen g e rs **xclaimcd w ith ooe T<iice,

" V oitd U9 J fu /la u f " A n o th er p a rty o f a dozen, si- Tnilarly o lad a n d a tten d ed , w ere m e t a m ile fu rther o n a u d a tliird drove, am ounting to n e a rly tw enty, a b o u t 3 m ile and a h a lf beh ind th e sccnnd. A gam a n d dgain th e p & ^ n ^ r s exclaim ed ** VoUd iet J i tg la i f f” I t waa n o t alone o f f o r f e i t o r pauvre* m iu ra h lti, o r o f Chrislir»o*Carlist D esfrieu js , th e y epoke o r th o u g h t, b u t o f “ Le» An^lais.^

T h o « w ere in d i» d tUe E n g lish rccn iits o f the boosted W estm inster L eg ion , escaped ñ’Oia th e Us^i o f G enera l E vans a t S t Sebftdtiau iu tbp hope of fiudlog im p an ity amoQj'St tlie C a rl^ ts d t U ertiani, subsequonüy diiuoLssed b y Col- M e rry as irreclaim ­able thievet» and drunkards, n e s t abaodoood by tbo B ritisk C o v e rn racn t smd its C oosul a t B ayoune » seok food and sLolter b i à F re n ch prison, a ü d to be ñnaily d r lre n back to th e ir own coun try in a ma»« n e f tlie m ost d isgraceful th a t ro ân e d G allic policy conld Bugge«t T h e exclam ations o f m y follow traveller* c lea rly ind icated the succee« o f th e exbi- b itlou . S im ilar im p re m o r^ w ere doubtless cre­a ted iu the m inds o f all “ tru e P renchm cn ’’ wbo traroU ed o n or sojourned u ea r k ffrand cheminy b c tw f« a B ayonne a n d G^aas, n o t ooco and away, b u t th rice o f a m orn ing , c r a s long m th e au tbori- tie« could mfd^e thU godsend o f E u ^ ls b abftiPmenr U st day afte r day, and do¿cn afte r dosen, d ll th«'y em ptied the ir prisons o f liie *200 W estm inster hé­roe«. W hat L o rd Palm erston eouJd liave expected to g a in lo r th e houoHr o f the Ilritish nom e in tho m ilita ry eyo« o f 2 xi B e lk France (ever sufficiendy disposed to th in k lig b d y enough o f i t ,) b v perm it- t in g such a parade of .d\ th a t could by possibilltv a ttach 1« th a t nam e, o f uosoldierly , dishonourable, a«d contem ptib le , « a s m ore than i could com prc-

s *2

b e n d ; ao 1 shall n o t a ttem p t any eT plonadoc o f d ie

p b e n o m e D O D .

T h e F rench poUco w ere a t th is p e rio d k eep in g a T efy puncdiiona w atcb a lo n g th e SpcmisK fron tier, én á travellers w ho w ore suspected of witjhing to en­te r th e CwUbt torritoriea, w ere p laccd u n d er stric t iu r v ñ l ta n c t , w hich req u ired som e good m aiiogcm pnt o n tb e p a r t o f friends, and n o t a l i td e personal ex- ertioD, to evade o r su rm o u n t T h e p leasures o f sue- cesd in such exciliO}^ drcuciw lances a re , how erer, w ell w ord i tb c risk . W ashington I r v b g , in one of b is adm irable b rigand sto ries in troduces an E ng lish trave lle r w bo had p en e tra ted th e A pennines and b r» 7 o d a ll tbo fb a g e rs o f th a t slQetlo climate» sim ply

because i t vras th e o o ly p a r t o f th e world w here one m ig h t hope to experience a n ew sensation .” T h a t op in ion how ever, wa» delivered before d ie com m encem ent o f the p re se n t w ar in S p u n , od ier- MTSC tb e v e ry observ ing au th o r w ho has trave lled ill úu it k ingdom also, would n o t h av e le ft i t w ithout honourab le m ention. I can say , fw m m y ow n ex­perience , th a t tb e K nglishm an who m ay w isb to drive aw ay ennui b y a s ig h t o f a ChritHno gam e of fo o t-b d i a t B arcelona w ith C a rlls t p risoners ' heads, or sup on h o n o rs a t the café o f th e F uerto deJ S c l a t M adrid , (w here o f th e ir ow n eaptidn-ge- uera is m ay bo bad , ^ sp e c if e<l in the^ar^¿ , a u ju tte

y r ix ) w ill ce rta in ly acqu ire a ii additional ap p e tite by tbc w ay, i f lie w ill tsjke the tro u b le to enti*r Spaui b y 5hn P y r e o e « w I did. A g a y y ou n g B re - tou , tbe C oun t d e C — , who had h e ld a com- znisMOD in tb e F rpnoh L an cers and hnd l>een page tn C harles X , accom panied m e from B ayonne. A t four o 'clock iii tb e ofli'rnoon of tb e e igh th o f S ep ­tem ber, w e wiilked le t i i iH y o u t o f the Spaniali and promen&ded in the dirpotion o f iS^ Jeatt dt L u z , ¡eaviiig to good fHends w itbin tb c whU» the ta^k of forw 'arding o u r lQggat(e> coniidcntial paper«, &c. W e view ed the p a c in g d iligence as uncon- ccm ed ly ds {x>aaibie, like people w bo w ere j u i t ab o u t to tu rn back and w hen i t waj< f u t ly outo f b i ^ t , m etided our paco to overtake o iir R asqae gu ide , whuee louff lege and slow ewingij)g ste{w k ep t ev e r in advance w ithout tbe l e ^ t ap p aren t ef­fort. W e overtook him b y incredible exertions b u t i t was o f n o U6e, h e woitld n o t w alk n ea r us. W c spoke to h im ab o u t th e jo u rn ey , b u t be on ly shook h is h ead aud w id “ chito r (busli) and w alked on. In ab o u t a couplc o f hours, ju e t as i t w as ge(tii)g dark , we lost u g b t o f h im , a n d £o odd to o u r com­fort we cam c upon a couple o f g rim dcuanU n who w ere looking o u t fo r sucb w ntrab jm d travellers, an d wbo, i f they though t we in teuded g o in g farther th a n S t. Je a n d e L u z , w ould havo taken care to sec us safely back to the c ity gdard-bouse fo r tlie

B S

n ig lit, a n d pcrliap« fcvoiir u» n e s f rrom iD g wiíJ» an oscort to C ab i« a lo n g n i tb th e d eserté is Irora S t. Sebastian.

W hen the H w a n ie r dlsoppesred, o u r B asque ^ i d e appeared again , a n d beckoned «w in to an A u b erg e w hore tw o or th r rc Mvagn looking eom - radoR o f L b la y iu w ait, a u d s trip p ed us o f o»r surtouts, urobroilas, hats, c ra ra ts , coats a u d fino flowery w aistcoats. T lie y n n o m ag ed a ll our pockets am i d irld cd the spoils am ong$t thc'm . O n e sovage p u t on oil o u r coaOi a n d tr ie d to p u t on our hats, b u t tliey w ould n o t fit his sliock head, a n d afte r vain efl'orts h e cram m ed tliem in to m y (now h is) su rtou t pockets. T h is fellow oow in­sisted o n th ru s tic g m e in tn hi« Jacket^ (a fifmsy b crrag aa ñ y ia g opon a t tlie ueck ,) elappcd his hoyna (for all tb e w orld likp T a m o’ S ban tc r’s b in e boLuet,) on m y head , and hav ing m ade the C o u n t ftSBume a sim ihu córtam e, d isappeared with o u r elotheii. T h e y th e n thruRt a m orsel o f b reed and oh^ese dow n our th roats, and laid before us som e c m ordinaim an d som e e<i« ¡fe cte. T h e w ine we found W6.% viuee;ar, a n d proeoeded to qua­lify i t w ith the brandy , w hen the g u id e seized and spilled th e hesidache d rau g h ts ab o u t the floor, and l>rtured ns o a t r a u d f v ie afone. AU th is w hile the A u b e i^ is t w asm aaofuvriug th o c an d le ; now sbadinjr i t w ith h is hand from tho wiudow, now p u ttin g i t

oac> anri now lig h tin g i t aga in b y som e iiicom pro- beueiblc chem iatxy. B etw een each bileand sup , I w as ftirobling » bnt.ton th e Baj<qu« ja ck e t, and « m ld ’n t find th e b u tto n holes*. 'I here w ere a o n e ! T h e a ilen t g u id e ou a snddeii »eized th e d irk -like bread ku ife w ith one haj^d, g rasped m y b reast wttJi th e o ther, and im m ediate ly m ade ha lf a dozen b u tto n holes for m e, and we a ll sal­lied o u t reg u la r F r« n c h B asque in o u ii t^ e e r s .

T h e P y ren ees appeared in th e da><k like a w all before u?. I t fo rtu n a te ly cam e o n to ra in and blow, so tlie BaAqncs eCruck o6' a t once from th e h igh road in a <lirectjon th a t w e could jnc re ly perceive led to th e h ig h est a iid ste rpo^ t o f th e rau g e . U e w ere w e t th rough i d th re e m inutes, a n d foniid wc had no th ing fa rth er to iW arfroia tlie w eather,— sav ing the rheum ati«ni. W e w ere m arch ing lu d laa-file &shton Hinong;&t »Uiite'walled fieldii a n d house«, slippery w ate r 'cou rses, ro u g h stiles an d sh ing ly brldli^ruiids w ith occauoLal slougk bottom » for ab o u t an hoor, th e B asques ch a tte ru ig luud ly , b u t w henever we opened o u r m ouths ev en to u tte r a pious rjacu la- tiou , we found i t sh u t w ith a low b u t im perative • •c h iio f^ W e a t le n g th arriv ed a t a low m aize- tha tched cottNge, a n d on a signal a ll ontet‘C<i> W hen th e door a n d w indows w ere seem ed, atid th e fire blow n u p , I perceived a y fetch, ( th e deatli fetch th e y cali i t in Irehu id ,) ab^?ady sittin g a t the

u 4

fire Lt was the M vagc w ho ra n of? w ith o u r tw o roaCs. fturtout«» hats, and g»y flowered w abtcodts, an d who was now recklessly p rep a rin g som e rashers JLud eg g s , a su s te d b y a v e ry old and a very yotuig i r i i m a u , b o U i w ith b rig h t b lack eyes a o d ea r- tin g s , sAveml gold ru ig s o f a ll fashions o n eoeh baud , aud tlie ir Iiair tied u p in B asque haodker* ch icft, so p ic tu reequely b rig an d , W c shWcrod w ith cold aiid w et, a n d o u f savage cuat^bearer th rew h is spoils over o u r shoulder«, w hile we snatcKcd a hasty sup|»er and grat^fitU y received from the bauds of d ie hostess the cau ile trie which w e n o lu n g e r th o u g h t o f odulteraU n^ w ith wine. T h e fo tch -sarage tb e n rubbed ut» of o u r coats agHui, aiid th e p ltn su res o f the m arch Nsere re> new cd w ith additions and rariaCions.

'J 'be u ig h t was p itc li dark a u d we coukl n o t COQ* cpivc how the f rs t g u id e fotind h is way> luiless it w ere h y ins^tinet* 1 wax n ex t, aod (m y leader having n o sk irts to Ids ja ck e t,] 1 Cdught a t tlie souod o f b is tram ps a u d p lashea; tb e secoud B asque followed to p ic k m e u p w hen 1 fell, tb e th ird doing; the sa iae fo r m y com |iauiou. T h e w ind rosv and blew off th e ra in , a n d b l e w open a s t a r o p two, so we could sec tb e m oun ta iu we w ere clim bing . J sUpt, n n d i st<i])ped b y a fu rsc-bush , tb e p rick les o f whlcJi se rved as v e ry suffiuieot memorancia to p ick them o u t of m y hands au d lege n e x t cby. A trac t

o f fen i now o c c u r r ^ a n d 1 po lled m yse lf u p by tbom w iih g re a t succcss, til l 1 g a s p e d a b ria r b y mUlflke. A ehoep trac k g lis tened in tlie sCar- iighc j I ir ie d a stop or tw o o n i t , hui) slid back tw en ty : a t leng th 1 reached the sujnm it, a u d OiiDed to view the b rillian t effcet o f th e d is tan t P h a r t de BiarrhitZy w hen a sudden gii«t »w ept mo off, ajid back agidn in to a rav iue . P roeocding u w re cau­tiously I wcatlicreci th e ridge , a n d contrived to descend on the o th e r side . T h e m arch now becaaie a m onotonous p i n n i n g tram p th rough h e a th and furze fo r ab o u t a m ile, varied on ly b y a tr ip w hich gave m e a v io len t craiup. T h e gu ides h a lf pullet^ m y le g off, a t tlte sam e tim e com manding; silence w ith th e ir e te rna l “ C k U o ! C h U o I ob&etved a sud­den h a h and consultation in low whisper»— D ouanf!" A naw fid pause occurred, whichvai» brokeu b y the w elcom e assurance “ V a c a , (a cow,) c h ito ! "

A t le n g th we reached the bottom , a rav ine in w luch a d ark to rre n t rushed . 1 could n o t ford it, n o r s tep i t , n o r le ap i t , b u t t^ e gu ides 9craiuhled it, at)d g o t m e over I doD*t kuuw how. I p rayed to b e allow ed to drink , b u t the gu ides could n<it hear rao, (iiATiiig lost ray voico,) a n d the w ate r was o u t m y d ep th below the bank , so J prococdod, oiiduring the torm ent« o f D ives, till a shallower stream alfotded m e so rae lh ing “ poitr hoirt," 1 clim bed a «econd slippery m ountain , on the surface

o S

of w hich ti>u^b B eut^ 'rasfi, polished ru>ih tulce and dw arf w iry wes ahcop’s-fcscue grass, a ll >«?emed leag iiM W> tlrp r ire loe o f footing;. I fell aga in dad f t j^ io ; EJy Cramp rc l 'u rc d w iih v io lc n c c , a u d tlisre I la y k ic k in g au d p lu ji |p n ^ a a d aoaliicm atjaiog th e m oun ta in , rill th e gu ides g o t alarm ed, n ic OTj ray fe« t a n d bo re toe u p and a lo n g like «1 d ii ld in th e ir grasp for five m iuulcs, a t the end of « h ic h th e y se t rao dowit beside a Tock, excla ira lng in trium ph , Eepafia / ”

Her** w c w ere in d u lg ed w ith the lu x u ry o f a few m ia u te s’ repose. T h e soil w as now a ll rock, 80 th a t tlie ra ia ra n off a i f a i t a s i t fell, and w e lay eontparwtively h ig h an d dry . B u t we mmui ai- ta iued th e sam e tem p era tu re o f flic m ount^D s, for o u r B asq u e ja ck e ts w ere v e ry th io , a n d w e felt i t nece^psary to k eep m oving to k eep a live . R e- c o o ra e iid n g o iir rou te , w e stum bled on a co rp se : b u t ’tw as on ly th a t of a deer. T h e gu ides fouud w ith th e ir Bngero tb e buU ct-hole w bieh ended its ca reer about a m onth ty o , T L cre i t la y a f te r i t t last a a d frtiitless escape, so m uch lost venison— too h ig h ly fiavourctl fo r a ia a , a n d n o t y e t discovered b y th e c a g W s an d w o I t c s . A ll th e r e s t o f our jo u rn e y lay dow n-hill, or ra th e r dow a to rre n t, for th e m onntaiji-side w as a continuous watercourse, ev e ry square y a rd of w hich is tr ib u ta ry to tb e R io Bidassoa, p resen ting g re a t facilities o f descent io

‘2

t varieiy of powtion«. O n a Buddeu I foiiod mybelf alippiag down a o leau-w ashed slrAtiuo o f prxmiliv<‘ slate pock, Uiiee porches long, wLicb shone lik e a looking-glass in th e s ttr l ig lit aft^r 1 li*d passed i;, though b lack to th e e y e ab o v e ; a t th e bo ttom a sm all bed of soft ailuviiim ab o u t a foot d ^ p , broke m y falL T h e gu ides soon p u lle d m e o u t and p laced m e betw eeti them m lndian>i^le fatihion again , so th a t w hen 1 slipped o r fell, I wait stopped b y m y predecessor.

a rrangvm eot wa» particu larly useful in the <1 w arf bW ktliorD diittrict w hich followed, ' l l i e stems w ere so sm all and so low th a t T oould n o t see theio« b u t eac^ Iiad an expansion o f b ranches on the fish ijig 'hook p r io d p le , n ibb led bare b y th e bares an d gonu» so th a t m y boots o r trowners wore €»ught a t ev e ry second or th ird step . H av ing cl«dred th e sum m it, a n d tUe ad jo in lug steep , wo a t la s t fouuii oureelvea safely w alking in M m ething like a re g u la r stream w ith banks on bo tb ¿lides, and firm g rav e l a t the bo ttom to p rev e n t our slip­p ing . B u t diw w as tiK» good to last hm g, ^ d the souod of a w ater£ill a few y ards m advancc in tj- B u ted th e occasion o f the ^ i d e s abcu)doni)^g i t , Ui clam ber am ong th e ^ d c rocks ; ^ n . Thexe, how ­ever, w ere ra th e r s teep , a n d th e crevice« for fiJigers and toes too shallow a n d fig* ap a rt fo r safety, so the guides b ro u g h t u s dow n to tho riv er i^ptiu,

n C

w b i ^ h e re on ly afforded w u n d , sm ooth, alpppiug BiAnes, m ore slippery tb a n th e Cram |»>M oui^tain; so I walked knee-dee]) fo r safety«

N e x t cam c tb o forest d is tric t, in which th e shades of n ig h t lay so deep , th a t I could n o t db tingu ish iLe spocie« o f a sing le tree , althonf^h from the haudbful 4^ leaves w hich 1 p lucked in vexation from som e boughs th a t tbo gu ides le t slap into m y fkce« 1 concluded th a t w o passed u n d er ches- nuc, holly , otik, enicira» box, w ild eborry , crals lieecb, and various sjiecies o f fir trees. A broken nondoscrip t b ranch cam e againe t m y hreaKt, ajid vbJijfcd m e to pause fo r wiuit uf b re a th ; ano ther, n tucb sm aller a n d sharper, f o r t u n ^ l y h e ld its p o in t Ro us to ta k e m y nose exactly betw een the eyes, a n d m ere ly knocked m e m e i , w ithout in ju rin g m y sigh t. S tep p in g forward, w hils s tooping to avoid an expected rep>eCition of Huch a til t , X a t last unfo rtnnate ly overstopped th e forest b oundary , and slipped dow n a predpltouR b a n k ; tb e sensation w hile M in i g w&s b y n o m eans a g re e a b le ; b u t i t wa«4 o f sh o rt d u ra tion , fo r a fea thery b irch tre e reci'ived m e safely, an d tlio o n ly dtfficuHy w hich o f o ^ ^^as on th e p a r t o f tb e gu ides, as to how th e y should m ake th e ir w ay to tbo spot, a n d ex trica te m e from th e position in to w hich I had fallen, like a wedge betw een the branches of its forked stem.

B u t I cannot pos&ibly describe a ll th e Incidents

characterisric o f tlie jo u rn ey , a iid i t is i)e tw r to leave the emuJous trA reller to ex)>oriciice aome o f ihe charm s o f novelty . Soffice i t to fwy, th a t in about tw elve liours afte r w e w alked o u t o f H ayonue, WG a ll luopeil in to Vero» th rough the tiul-m ce ot a m ill, and in ab o u t b a lf an hou r mote^ sueoeeUod in rooMJig tlie P w ro n a of the Po«ada a n d makiikg OUT w ay th rough the p ig s a n d inulos on th e ground- floor to th e d u n c ra above, w here, w hile »upper and beds w ere preparing» th e C o u n t a n d 1 m ade a varie ty o f in iereetjrig discoveries,— v ìi. tb a t our hand« w ere fu ll o f tborns and covered '^ilL blood, o u r fsujcs also ta ttooed à la ¿fUi/A'e,— m y rig b t leg im m oveable witli a se ttled cramps o itf trowsera tom» tlie ir i>traps h ao g iu g q u arte red , au d o u r bool» cu t an d slashed in tb e oruaiuecCal 6t)'le o f Spanish open>«ork. O u t papers w ere w e t th rough , our eoata bor«t i n tbe sleeves b y tb e forcible en try o f B a ^ u e sboulderst a n d o u r hata , w heu w ithdraw n from the pockets, w ere m oulded aud crum pled up in to b lack pocket^bandkerch ief^ M y fe e t w ere swelledj— m y boots would Dot com e oif, a n d 1 cuuld n o t afford to le t the gu ides c u t tbem opeu , as m y b a g jp ^ ^ was a t th e o lb e r side o f the F yrenee», a n d I had v e ry lit tle hept^e o f os*er seeiug i t a g m n ,a n d sandals ou ly a re to b e puTcbased a t V era ,— mi I wa« p u t to bed in m y boots. I Cried to sleep , b n t 1 vms too m uch fatigued , and th e floor was fu ll o f hole«, and

tbf) iaerrim €)it o f tb e t b i e e g u ides, th e patrona, &ud the th re e senoriuis, o v c t th«Ir su p p e r in th e lu tchcn below , asceoded fo r h v u rj a iid bauisbed sleep t3!I broAii d ay lig h t cam c to d rive them t« rcpo«o. T h e n , and n o t til l theti, d id I ta s te th e sw eets of sleep.

C H A P T E R I I .

T h e r& lkys o f N nvaire p reseu t to the e y e of th e trave lle r boine of tiie m ost sp lendid sccnery in the worlH, a n d a re a t th e p resen t i D o m e i i t rendered d oub ly in te resting , a s b e in g the th e a tre o f & contest on w hich so m nch depends, n o t m ere ly fo r S p ^ u , b u t for E oropo . T h e re m ay b e seen th e g ratify ing «poctaclc o f a p«oplc figh ting a t onco for loyalty and liberty , fo r the p rincip le o f leg itim acy and tbe «xerci&e o f p iac tica i freedom ; fo r the rig h U of the ir w v ere ig n a n d tiie ir ow n conscilutional p r in le g rs . B u t th e scenery , like the subject, is too extensive to b e denIt «Hth en tAatêe, an d w etl m eribt a separate íleKTiptíoii. T h e vnlley o f th e riv o r of Bidasnoa, along w hich I rode th e day after I crossed the fron tier, from i u sources above V e ra to its m outli a t I ru u a n d F uen to rab la , afîordi a rich ly character­istic specim en.

T lie r iv e t banks con tract in m any pinces to p re -

cipices, tLeu ex|iani^ again in to p«tcliea o f uUuvion, liigh ly cu lrivatcd , a o d exh ib itin g rich crops of lAaisc*, (sLe luU ian com <if N ortJi A ioerica, and " h it iv ,rqu t" o f F ran co ,) vines, m e lo n s calabashes, potatnos, an d legum e»; the riv*er m«bc« rc^)idi/ over scattered r<)ck}^ a n d tb e m ountfun side» arc th ick ly »studded, h r ro w ith oaks, a n d tb e rc w ith cheHiiut trees in fu ll b ea rin g ; th e road 5 ^ q u e a tly sh n o k a to a roogh eseaiter b rid le trac k fo r m ules, a n d w ould b e a p e rfec t ataircase i f furiushed w ith a balustrade to p reserve th e w ayfarer from « » m h lin g O v e r its preeip itons b rin k , w hich ovcrliangs o ^ n the stream a t a daageroua heij^hL K el w eirs and salrnoQ n e ts a re seen in each rttcky gnp below , while ev e ry ch in k andiisRure, around a o d a b o re , a rc filled w ith la x u rian t b o s tree s , a u d b rillian t Howeriug broora a n d heatb . F o r rn ilcs th e valley th u s exhibits the a l to rm te aspects o f g arden , o rchard , forest, f i i r m

a u d furtre»<8. I n h undreds of p laces the pasaee inig;ht b e defended b y tw e n ty reso lu te m en ag;ainst a Lost o f in v a d e rs ; o r b u ilt u p in a few n u n u te s so effec­tiv e ly w ith loose rocks rolled dow n from above, s la t a C bristino arm y o f 2 0 ,0 0 0 m en w ould b a re n o choicc b u t to rc lu ru aa th e y cum e, o r sb iv and be shot, o r cruahed from tho p iie d -u p m agazine of rocks above, i f th e y coiitu iued tb e ir m arch along th e bod o f the to rrenL E v e n R odil, w hen, two years before, h e led w liat was tiien a ii overNvhelming

IIATKED OF BOniL. J7

C hrisdno force to b u m aiid p la n n er V era atid slaughter the C a riis t inhabitaiitii, d id n o t re o tu re to en te r the T o l l e y b y tb e riv er road. H e led his arm y over the b a re ro ck y n to iin t^ u aC th e source of tlie Bidaaeo!», a n d re tu rn ed to tb e B aatau b y a Mmllar o jn s i i track , liav ing cfleeied nofh ing b u t the destruction of tb e C apaohin convent^ th e ma&Micre o f a few pehNuite» too infirm or too foolldhly eonftdiog iu h is «deoieney to fly w itb tiie rest, pkntsng* iji th e nunds of tbe surviTurs a b itte r rem em brauce o f b is eicecrable v e n ^ a n c e , th a t can only be e S ^ e d w ith life. T b e b leak and blackened nspoet o f tb e eonveot, w here th e w eary traveller and houselesa ou tcast o f a m erciless d v t l w nr once found a hosp itab le slielter, would o f itse lf b e enough to rouse tb e sym palbte» of a people wbo fo r cen­turies h a d looked upon i t a s tb e ir g ran ary , tb e ir bospiud, the ir houM o f p ray e r and house o f r e fu g e ; b u t d ie C apucbins a re now tbem selves “ abroad ,'’ m oving heaven and ea rth i^;sunst the p erp e tja io rs

o f the ou trage ; and poworfid schoolm asters th e y arc { — som e o f th e m hand le th e m u sk e t and bayonet in the battalions o f NaTarre as woll as i f th e y had nev e r w on i a bood. B u t the w om en, alw ays tb e m ost inve tera te partisans and freest in ibe ir poli- licftl bivecUves, a re ever th e m ost effective proach^rs »ud teaebers; and from the s ty le o f execration in ' ^ c h tboso o f V era jo in e d a t th e m ere m entlou

rrf th e nam e o f K odil, atid th e m describable tOQea an d looks w hich b e tra y so fo rd b ly a ll tl ia t even Speuiaii curses c a a n o t g^ve v e n t tOy 1 have o o t th<* slig lucet doubt th a t e r e ry m odier’s son in tb k valley la ^ re a d y im bued w ith a i a f i r c i o n t h a iw i of Chiu»t3no ru le to Li t bi» ow n life a t lea;»t>

I have hea rd and rea d m uch o f Spaiwdi idlenesSf b u t as fa r as m y observ&doo goes, i t doc»< n o t ju s tly a p p ly to d ie b a s q u e pensan try . K v ery available iDch o f g ro u n d o f tb e BidabM a r a lle y i« cultiTated w itb the hoe. A ttached to each lit tle iarm-hoi>«e along th e etcaJif'r trac k (w hore ca r <ir cb a re tte n 's i n ev e r &eet>, and w bere a ll m u st be c n rr ird o n m n W o r m e n 'f t backs) is a lim ekiln , a u d iii ico st in»Giuces n o t ft sm all one, to enab le them to p rep a re tha t valuable u a o u re io r th e ir n a lze -g ro u n d . I saw i t laid o n n e a r S aline w ith an onsjiaring hand. T h e liiaestone fo r th is purpose is b ro u g h t from a q u a rry over th e h ills opposite Uehobla, a t tb e very m outh o f the v ^ e y . V arious m inc-holcs a rc to b e tseen w bere th e y have d riv eu in to the sla te rocks 1q search o f copper o re, and tb e m iuernl bearing!» strew ed ab o u t the roaH ind icate th a t the search was n o t m ade l a yain. A s we crossed th e riv er w ith ©or m ales in a fe rry -boat ( th e gu ide-rope o f which condsled of p la ited v lne-slalks), a C arlis t doium itr s tepped down to th e land ing-p lace to look afte r his porti<ia o l 'a tM rs o f s ta te ; b u l instead o f »word or

hc carried in one btncl n hoe, w ith w hich h e had b een dreasbi^ his m aize p lantation , and in the o ther a se t u i oi^hr-UneH r«ady baited for tb e eel âeberv. I^ itü e miU& overhang th e bank , tb e phite- like wheels o f w blcb «pun horizontally as the w ater- ^ n t splafiliod tbereuD-~thu& enab ling th o np rt|rh t axLe-ehafi: to tu rn th e m ilb to n e wltho^tt addi* tiooal ^;ear, and m ak log tb e m ust u f th e fall.

Aa we descended, th o d ia ra c te r uf tlie valley, thv r i r e r a u d the rood, changed a ltoge ther ; smooth stre tches of the r iv e r occurred, and broad>bottomed ô ' i t t e n i a w e r e to b e ^een wafiiu¡^ produce o r m anure along or across it. T h e fron tier line lies a lo n g die S paoisb ^ d e of tlte riv er fo r tw o o r th re e miles, and b rin g s the F re n ch dmarte in to action in a m ost outré a o d ioconTeoient position , ri^;ht acro«% bo th is a n d tb e h ig h roud o f th e valley. F ren«^ wines a o d brandy^ cloth, lin e n and lea th e r, a re how ever w an ted in tb e )irovtnces, and find the ir w ay in the dark w ith g re a t fitrílity, p ay in g a sntall dnCy a t th e C arlia t castom houses a lo n ^ tbe fron tier, w hich 1 w asaasured , th e Spanish eontra- baodîsts enake i t a p o in t o f honour and o f patriotism n u t to e ra d c , T)»e b ridge g f B ehobia form ed the connecting lin k o f tbts ou tly ing m a lp a r ía te rrito ry w ith F rance, a n d was tlien held o n the Spaniyb 8kle b y about 120 C hrislinœ , w ho uccnpied h a lf a do^on old houses form ing the fam ous dchateable

9tdtioQ, la íéU d u poTU de T h o CHrUtuiMbad on ly four p ieces ot' a r ti lle ry to r ila defence (ft four, o 9ÍX, on e ig h t p ounder, and a m o r tv thnt tLrows forty^eigbt pou n d shells) anei th e Cftrlist a r ti lle ry a t I rn n i f b rough t a n d plantedo n S t M o rd a l ab o re il, liave batter<*d th e old wftlia ijito tlie riv er in the space of t« n m inu tes. R u t die Frt^neh authorities forbid a u y artU U rv p rac tice upon th e fro n tie r o n th e p ic a of the p o in t o f natiunol honour, besides th e y have v e ry «xce lle iit q u arte rs fo r a p ^ l i t corpi o f o b ^ r ra t io n in soroe h ig h sub­stan tia l houses a ttached to th e ir üida&soa H otel, wbicL is called fo r d lstioctiou sake la <pt*nu du p o n í; and the ir windows th e re m ig h t b e b roken by th e over sealons C a rlis t balls, a f te r pasNitig th rough th e caternf: o f th e C hristinos. T h e long wooden b rid g e w as a l^v o ritc prom enade fo r bo th parties, F re n ch find C hristino . Indeed i t was ra th e r a m a tte r o f necessity for tbe garrisoQ i f they s\oúld ta k e th e a ir a t a ll, to k eep th e ir o ld house« betw een them an d tlie C arlist m ountalneor^. 1 sqw several o f the fMiit6at/x laden w ith the g re e n m aize sQíIIch fo r forage, pass u n d er the b rid g e to th e C arlist consum ers a t I m n and i 'u en ta rah ia , desp ite tlie double giinrd o f F re n ch an d SpfinUh function­a r ie s ; a to lerably s tro n g iod lcatiun o f th e sueees,^ul perCinAciCy w ith w hich labonr in th is vallev seeks a jid Bud» lU rew ard a t m arket, desp ite o f the

Q u rs , d n iB i .i rw n p e u , WuiwierlwM, t n i l i e o d f r "

o f the Bp>iftWiiii w ithorities profosaeUly in tlie oppo­site b w r c s t H o w o re r, a riv er is a bad l in e o f d e ­marcation betw een a productive nataou and a coo- suoiiuj^ one. CoiDtnerci’ o r contraband easily drives a bftat and six Lbroiigb i t B o tb F rance and Spain reoofpii»« tlic p rlD up le o f “ th e summ itx of tbe w ate r p a r t in g s " fo r tb^ ir oommoii fron tier line aloug th e tope o f the ry rp n o c « , a o d have ac ted on th is n ilo d lB lo te rea t^ ly w herever th e g ro a iid a t each d d ^ IB good fo r nothing;. T h e exceptions, however^ are (att m ig h t b e expeetcd ) tout iru centrairt, a s w ide a san d e r in th eo ry and proetiee as L o rd I 'a lm erston’s p rincip le o f uon-in terveu tion and h is w arfare in G uipu^cua a u d Biscay.

T h e N avarrese seem m ade fo r th e ir m o im tu ru . C lad and arm ed in the lig h tes t and rim plcet m aiiuer, they sk ip along tbe rocka Uke dccr. T h e y w ear b ine cloth bonnets, (rim iiar to fh a t o f th e F re n ch B asques w hich o u r gu ides wore^ b u t ex tended (renche>w ise b y a hoop o f willow,) short

w itb Itneii trow sers in siiTDraer. T h e w ho accum panled o u r niiilea as a g u ard

o f honour, seem ed ra tlier to p re fe r ru n n in g tb&ti w alking. H is 'p ac e exc ited m y adn^iratlou, for be jgot over tbe staircases, u p or dow n h ill, as i f his k g s w ere i^priiigB and the rocks In d ian ru b b e r ; b u t uearly a ll whom we m e t seem ed to possess the

sam e happy elsiitiH ty o f it« p . Scvornl Ja c n a tc t ira a t th is courier txor, g o in g ao d cum in^,

ca rry in g th e ir c o a b over one «boulder, a n d the lf ^ n e c tub fashion, ov^r th e o th e r ; tb e bayuDet (w]duh h as a useful sUde r in g to secure i t on ch^ m uzzle) is woTo a t the r ig h t side in a b road s tjap round th e w aist. T w e n ty l a r t r i f i ^ tubes of tin a re borne iu f ro u t, a ttached to th e sam e w aist belt, a iid secured from a ll (langer o f w et o r explosion b y a fiü ltug dap o f lea th e r. T h is was the arrange* m eiit o f Z iim alacarr^p ii, and ] eould eaiiily believe th a t one eoldier ao accoutred ia a s effbetire for m o*intajtieer w arftirr ns tw o b n r th e n e d in th e sty le o f th e K reuch troops o f the lino , w ith k iw psack and le n g th y cross b e i la, cartouche boxes and bayonets, «words w hich tliey nev e r use, a n d stocks which rea lly deserve th e Jiamc. A s 1 observed in m y ride tb e tw o «¡lecioa of soldiera a t opposite sides o f the r iv « , i t s truck ine w h a t a veisS sav ing o f w eight i{ w ould be to th e la tte r , i f th e ir b e lts w ere marie a Uctie longer, and th e ir sw ords, bdyunets aiid ca rtouchc boxe$ allow ed to tra il on d u tv a n d parade. A heavy knapsack w ould h a n g a Bai«que or N avar- rcsc iQOuntaineer, and a stock w onid cbokc h im or be b u rs t open b y tb e free p lay of tb e m uscles aa»d v ein s in bis tteck, w hich ex perience tb e fu ll beiieSt o f siu i w ind and ro in a ll th e y ea r round, A small bag; o r n e t s luug over bis sliouldcr carries a h h e

w a n » or c a r « for. I l ia g ro a t superio rity of m ore- n e n t bow^vor, appeared to b e th e resu lt ol the simple a n d juU tcious w ay iji wiiieh hiB fe e t w ere a ttire d in s lig h t «inTaa sandals w ith h em p en »ok* tha t ju s t p ro tec ted tho toe« a n d h e e ls l»osely tied over tb e inslop a n J ancle ,— tb w leaving tb e wliolc p o w ^ o l a n d com plex o ^ a n to p la y w iib a ll ibe efEcioncy w hich uasurc co u fe rreJ o u iu» beautifu l OTipftnisatioD.

H av in g m ade a do lour above Saline, s a d over ih o ce leb ra ted MounC 8 t M arciai, tu avoid the in­te rference o f th e h’reiw b D^voJt* o f the riv e r, and i'K ristino g arrb o u of th e b ridge, w e He«cended ioM In tn , a sm all tow n ta le n b ly c lea r o f suburbs,

on a liUl side w hich rises g e n tly from the rieli tra c t of a lluvion th a t lies a t the moulK of t ^ Hver« I t I» surrounded b v walls (ra th e r «lli^ht iodeed , beiu ;; m ere ly tliOA o f its court yards aiul giirdeDs,) h u t p ie rcod a t ev e ry approachable Uon w ith loopholes fo r m usketry . T b e gates are s lenderly fortified w ith g a l le n n , a k o p ie rood w ith crenelles wiiich afford to lerable po iitioos fo r a defence h y i o ^ t a y ; b u t instead o f rouekcts and hristlijig bayonets, w e oo ly saw balf-a-<lo2eii pair o f b n g h i b lade eye« levelled a t U9> an d bearti tbe joyous laugh ter o f as mai^y {(iris wlto w ere go ing to tbe fouDtaiUf each w ith h e r p ic tu resque c r t t c f t t

*>n b e t head. A s w e re tu rn ed from the Cantiterio's

ofCo?, w b itbc r we v ^ n t to ohbiin o u r paysporcs« a | aeu u n el appeared th e re : poBftibly h o had b e e n oo parade , o r a td io n e r , o r a t a dance before the CoMi de V illa a few yards & rther on , b u t h e m ig h t ju a t »s w ell (e j:cep t fo r th e honour o f th e thing;) hare b^on aw ay alto g e th er, tor n o t on ly was th e whole tow n devoted ly C arlU t, b u t also th e w hole country a round it.

T L er^ w ere o n ly tw o points from w hence Irun h a d a n y »urpríze to feor, B ehobia and Paisssge« — w bieh w ere w atched w ith jes^ous core n ig b t and Hay b y sm all advanced parties , and although n o t above a m ile a u d a h a if from th e i / ie d n jxmi^ I ru n was co n d d ered secure agm nst surprize . T b e C hristinos latf^lv p lan ted tb e la rg e fo rty -e lgh t pou n d m ortar on th e b ridge, w ith the licj>e of b e in g ab le to seod a few shell» to d is tu rb its r« p o se ; h u t o n try in g th e experim en t, th e y found th e y conld n o t even reaeh the « w r w th a t lies m idw ay on th e boiik o f th e rivo r, w here the Car> 1U( p o ftiiia WQR sta tioned to k eep them in che<^ B u t th e tow n its e lf w as to le rab iv well p rep a red lo g ive a N**ami recep tio n to any hostile forcc tha t m ig h t, b y th e chanees o f w ar, have been ab le to d rive.back th e o u tly in g purties. L o rd Jo h n H a y ’s ste«m -boa(s w ere so n ear, th a t th e inhablt«nta could o ev e r b e ceruiiu th a t th e y m ig h t n o t ^ e th e m ¿11 som e ñ n e m orn ing in the ir Httle bay , h u t th a t did

n o t appear to trouble them m uch, reco llecting iia th e v did, tlie sm all 9 \icc«s th a t a ttended his lord­sh ip 's previous e a a y ther*?. lu the ü ra t placc tbc strong C ^ o de V ifla had b een iusulatcd, and (he windows b u ilt up , 90 a s to b e red accd So loop-hole». T h en , each house in the F la za H eoi and lu the p rincipal a v e m i^ com m anding it, was converted into a separóte forta llce b y » truug boards p laccd in the halennies and p ierced fo r m u sk e try ; b u t tJie roaiti s tre n g th of the place consisted in a sm all star*fort recen tly e rec ted o n a hill to l i e aouth-w est, w hieh com m anded n o t only tb e tow u b u t tlie sbore, and a ll th e approaches, wheth<^r f ^ m tb e tw o bos- tUe stations bcfore-m eodoned, o r ( if i t should »0 happen) from tb e ir ow n friend ly positioas of T olosa und FueotafablA- T h is had b een hasitlly tlifown u p sloce E vans’ v isit to th e viclniCv, and con tabs ed six platform s fo r heavy « innoü , w ith in - t^rm odiate parapets en trenched fo r In feu try . F o u r guna o f e igh teen pounds’ calibre w ere already plan ted , and rendered i t a position n o t to be en­countered w ithout peril, T h re e deep covered wayx com m iiuicated n i th d ie Cn$a de P'illa, and two o th e r fortified h<mses outside th e town, W e found H shed fnll o f carpenter* and bhiclismiilis, iii tb e repa ir o f tw o additíonal b;itterliig pieces whieb appeared to bave b een long on the iuvafid

V O L. I .

J is t 1 th e re saw a d isab led p iece, supplied w ith a woodoD LDuujiion, an d 1 w as ai^iired ** i |j w ould w ork weU.” A youoj^ N avarrcse officer, willi whom I was dbcussing; th e atre iig tb o f ihe p lace , g av e m e a siiigular iilu s tn tio n o f h is ideas o f m ilita ry science, b y d e c la r irg “ tLo^ D o u Car- i o a w ould do rouch b e tte r w ithou t these w a l l s and fo rts and sku lk in g p laces. Z um alacarrogul c u d -

q u ere d w ithout such th lugs. T h e G ulpuscoanc ia d e e d m ig lit w an t them ,"' but^ (said h e w iih em- phnsifi,) **the N a ra rre se a re ab le to fig h t w ithout them ,”— **Lojt .Vovorroi irtrt ivAif f f t t l patnpo P' ( T b e N avarrose a re bull* in the field.) H u w erer, the G uipuacuaiu seem ed tv b e lie ro iu th e ^ u e o f a rtille ry , and I found in several w orkshupa the sold ier artizans basil y engaged in p rep a iiu g w aggonx, fram es, M'heels, omcaxaiition b o ^ for ficld-pieees a u d b a tte rin g tra in s , g ra j« , cnn iiler- »liot, &C. O n e o f th e four e igh teen pounders m onn ted in the fo rt h a d a lread y seen service, and hav ing b een riism ouuted b y the frac tu re o f its m unnions, had b f«u illow od to reposp in peace o iitil i u coun try requ ired i ts a id once agalu , when i t had b een rendered cffecdve b y o very sim ple ad d id o n o f a s trong clasp, b ea rin g p ivots o f wTftught iron , w hich th e A rd lle ro s declared would anftwer th e purpose ju s t as well. T h e v w ere

AND ENGINEERING. 27

Caking A sim ilar m ctliod w ith one o f th e two others, w hich wer?. y e t requ ired to com plete th e defeDcee, roainCajniiig tiw t th e y w ould h ist as long as tlie g u n s , an assertioa w hich I could uol g iinsay .

c 2

C H A l 'T E K r r i .

T h e iow n o f F u cn ta rab ia is d tfto n t from I ra a ab o u t tw o m iles to seaw ard { a ll the way belween lies 3 ricli ira c t o f aJhivial soil, t r o o u r g with g ra in a u d legum es, in its**lf a sufticienc g ranary fi)r ibe garrison o f bo tb tow ns, i f th e y w ere shu t o n t from o lber 8upplif*e» or i f tbe m iracle could com e to pass, (w hich Ev-aDg a n d C o rd o ra w ere eilly en o u g h to boast th e ir abiKcy to ach ieve,) if a li th e re s t o f tb e harvest o f tb e B asque pro­vinces and N avarre could be destroyed in tb e fieU s. T h is I js u r ia n t pli^D is g rad u a lly csclud iog aiid u p tb e Uttle b a y o f F u cn ta rab ia ontlie Spanish side . I t wag, when I walked through i t on tlie lO tli o f S ep tem ber, a p erfec t mag^iiine o f inaizo a n d a lu b ia s : d ie stem s o f the form er serv ing as supports fo r th e clim bing teudriia o( th e h itte r, and bo th g row ing to g e th er w ith a lu:^uriaDc>e th a t rivalled, i f i t d id a c t ju rp a « , a n y th in g th a t tb e carse o f G ow rie could c i -

K ib it Potiatoe^ aUo are g row n there« and thougb tb e y thrive o d Mmllnr fuindy goila h ig h e r u p the rlvert tb e y do n o t appear to a^reo w hb tbe s&ltne im pregnadoE w blcb all th e g;round a t its ¿¿bovche- m m t coctain«. InHcod, tlie t im e r s a re n o t conionf w ltii the nacutal richness o f th e »«oil, b u t ar<» Jay afte r day add ing to i t b y l>oat-]oad}t ot' o^anure and sea'StuS, (d redged from the num oroiis canals w ith wliich tb ls Wvdl trac t ia uiteraectod in all directions) and p ro d u d n g all the beiieficlal eficcts o f w arping b y d ry m anuat labour, th e g radual ag en cy o f which appears » liave elevated th e su rftcc M its p resen t securc he ig h t abcive th e level o f the sp rin g lides. E x ce llen t crop« o f to m a ta s melons, calabashes, p im ento and tobacco, a re also to b e sef^n here and o n th e hills around, w hich p re se n t m ore the pearancc of gardens than farm s, sprinkled over as th e y are w itlt app le ajid poach trees, and subetaii- ^ a l co ttages w ith v ines creep ing u p in to a ll the U lcouie*, w here seeds, fruilfl, a n d forage a rc 9l<jred to d ry or ripen iu a blazinif sunshine. T h e fisherm en also eulivon, a u d doubtless, enrich the scene. T h e lit tle l>ay w ith in the b ar p re se n t; a ficcure harbour for tb e ir purposes, com nninieatiiig as h doQs w ith a]l the she lte ring canals, aud the h igh road from I ru n to F u en ta rab ia w hicit runs »cross them . T h e scene o f ag ricu ltn ra l Indus­try which tb ls d istric t presen ts, is on ly to be

r

equalled b y w hat T uscany affords, w bere th o game g w d custnm prevail«» of le ttin g th e land on tbe «sisy tfr sy s te m ; th e I&ndlord p rov id ing the cip it« ! req u ired fu r stock, m anure , repairs , &c, th e te r s o t find ing labour, a n d botli »hanng tb e ® op in equnl propordou9. H ere , how ever, th e farm er is in roost cases tJio p rop rie to r o f th e aoii, a u d rea p s the frn it o f h is ow n labour, w ithout a n y draw bdck for re n t, }»aviijg ho ld pow cssion o f liis la n d from tim e im m cm urial, and d u im in s ' a concu rren t t it le o f qih bilicy. T h e num ber o f houses in tlie B asque pro­vinces, bo th iu towDS and in th e eoiuitry , wliich exh ib it coats o f an o a scu lp tu red in etono a tte s iin ^ the ir h ered ita ry claims to hera ld ic honours a n d dig­nities, is h ig h ly characteristic.

A h 1 approached F u eu la rab ia and saw the dp- fenceless coodition o f th e place from w hich E vans had re trea ted so sham efnlly , I was struck w ith s u >

p rise . 1 could scarcely bcHeve th a t a n y one with such pretCTsious to sk ill m th e m ilita ry ar(^ and supported b y a force o f 6,000 m eu, had sh runk from tb e a ttaek o f such a h eap o f n iiua as i t presen ts. T h e tow n is b u ilt o n a rocky clifF, a t th e side of th e bay , a n d w « oucc m agrificen tly fortified, as m ay b e perceived b y tlie rem ain in g cu rlw n o f c u t s tone w hich fiices the approach from I ru o , a n d serve? the Uttle garrison fo r a ball-allcy , b u t w hitJi K vans did n o t face as h e descended from th e h ills in h is m arch

from P a e w g « . I d fac t h e cooM o o t see a n y thiD^ b u t ru ins from b is j> osifioT i. T h e re i* u o t a RiDgle l«&tlon left standing round the tow n. 1 b e crura- b led wallf» are ev m b ru w n , iu m any p laces to the ir very foundatioua;— » d m em orials f t tlie re su h of F reac li and EuylisU iu tirfc ren ce iti tb e a f tiirs u f th e I’eninsuln. K otw itbstaodiug the g re a t <atc form erly bestow ed on tbc w ater-dofeuces ot the tow n, n o ih ia g n<3w m w n of them b u t the marbhy traces o f d itd ies, and the tow u h ^ p ro a c h a b le a t a ll wden d ry -f lW . I ’herc w scarcely as m uch of its ancieu t uppor work» le ft fw w ould serve to b e l t e r a m arksm aii. T h e destroyers d id n o t spare even the parapet wall o f tb c hallsiU ey. T b e ouly outw ork, aa E vaus s a w p la o ly enough, consist:» of a s lig h t w all, recen tly b u ilt on th e ru lo s of tb e old raiopartt, piercifd « ith holoa fo r m u sk e try ; and th is i l o f so rox^h , y e t unsnbstantiol a construction, th a t m any a form er in E n g la n d w ould n o t th in k it good enough for h is haggard . 'I 'h e » d e a t whicli E vans ap p e tro d is the m ost acccssiblo o f ali. ^ l u r c the fosse is n o t filled u p w ith the ^ I c n c n r td n , it11 peaceably p lan ted w ith m aize,— uuüze is also pbintod 00 w hat rem ains o f th< ram p art prom enade a b o v e ; and any o f tbe W estm uister heroes who ever had the slighteet treadm ill p ractice, m igb t have m archcd s tep b y s tep o p tbe rubbish , w itliout b reak ing rank , till th e y cam o to vault over th e wall

c i

iit th e top> (and tiie m ost seriouR d a n ^ t iLeu would be> tha t) i f a dozen o f them la id ho ld of i t togctberi tbey would p u ll i t dow n upon th em se lv es; ) b u t at th e angl<es, w berc th e g re a t biu^tioD« h;iTc fallen abroad a t an a rg le o f furty-fi?e degrees, oven D ii- cr<fw*9 troop o f horao could bave g o u e u p an d over all a t a stage gallop. T b e re a l defence o f tbe U ltle ru io ed tow n -waa— firgt, th e prcscnco o f *250 soldier peasants w ith in , read y to staud b y each o th e r and tho cause o f D o n C arlos to th e d ea th ; and second­ly , tb e 9ym |iathetie cow ardicc o f 6,000 u erceuarica w ithout, w ho w ell k new th o ir G enera l’s w aiit of ab ility to l^ad, and the ir ow n sta te o f dem oralization a n d diaiücliiiation to follow, l l i s excuses o f w ant o f scaling; la d d m ond breaeluD g cannon, a n d bis m ilita ry fo reú g b t, o r & r-9Íght, o f tlio dauger o f beiog token in flank b y 3 0 0 m en tw o m iles off, a l Iriu i, a re , to an y oue o u th e 9]>o^ tborougbly ridieulous. T lie place is a ll one breocb a lready , and , in Uie fallen fragm entii of it» form er grea tness , p reseu ts a series o f s e e in g ladders a s ftivourably p laced as any body w ith tb o *180 o f h is la n d s au d leg s could de­sire ; and i t Í9 plain, th a t i f h e bad led Ids m cu boldly to the escalade, th e y w ould have been p er­fec tly sheltered from tho canoon o f d ie lit tle dcadel b y ibe in terposition o f th e houses ad jo in ing the ram parts. J>caving a p a r t a ll the m oral obstacles on the outside, th e only m aterial difficulty which

p re ie n ttd iU clf A e re (w .d o f w hich iu W m ess I cannot refûso to G e n c n ^ E vaiis the benefit,) was tiie 8lipptr>- sla te o f grò a n a on th a t occft- sion, th e day b e in g especially «elected fo r th e p u r ­pose b y particular d c d re of L o rd JoL u H a y and the g o lb n t G enera i, w ho le ft S t. Sebastian tL a tm on iing in a reg u la r Spanish shower w hich te leg raphed i t- « I f iu fa ll operation a l l along tL e boigbœ of G ua- daloupe. T h e excuse of th e m ovom cnl b e in g a m ere rncttnciftance e n / v ^ waa tlie m ost ridiculous o f all, for so in te n t was E vans o n s it tin g down be­fore the town, th a t h e b rough t b is m ilita ry librar}' a lo n g w ith his cam p fu rn itaro from S t. Sobantiau.

1 sab^equontly saw betw een th ir ty and forty volum es o n the tab le o f M onsieur L tzo ire , the* en^pneer officer w ho presided over the powder m ill and m agaziiie n ea r Tolosa^ a n d who }iad the honour of m ak ing a p rise o f them in a O ipuchiii convent oil th e bills, whore tlkC gonem l had fixed h i i head q u arte rs for th e tim e, and donbtlcss calcu- h ited ou f it t in g dow n a t h a case, like m y U ncle Toby» to p lay o u t au am ateur g am e o f the siege of F uen ta rab ia . V e ry useful books th e y are— “ V au- ban on Fortification, folio edition w ith plates,*' scarce ; “ T ra ité Complet de V A r t de JPort^catioity pvblié p a r auicrité, Faria , 1 7 4 5 ;”— Tra i té de P htftiqu t, pcrr A ntvine R ibcu /*— ** A trea tise on the D ifferential C o I c u I i l s , ” a n d several o f less m iti-

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Ukry anii sd e u ti£ c prct«j)&ioti&, b e s id e other« whii b ranch iu to 2i>tiUs L e ttr ts and the reg ions o f nen- lim a a t anH im ag inadnn : a ll o f whicL M . L iaoh p rw ed h igh ly , and referred to freq u en tly m te rn » ' whicli iudicntcH tlia t hia r«wn*ait$antv ¡11 th e m atter was ratJiCT filronger a n d m ore lasting tkao that w hich tlie G en e ra lin d u Jg cd iu tow ards K u en ftirab ii ' T b e issue o f th a t <ky proves c lea rly ( i f p roo f y e t b e w anted o f w hat a ll h is to ry eo ]>lainlj ¡Ilustrate«,) th a t i t ia n o t on th e coodldon o f waUK, liow ever a rtfu lly or artlessly constructed , tim t tlie iaauo o f a c o u tw t depends, b u t ou the sp irit w hich the com­b atan ts b ring to level o r uphold them .

I visited F u eu ta rab ia tiie d a y before D o u Carlos en te red i t iu S ep tem ber. S carcely luid I arrived when a rum our flew th rough th e H ttle tow n o f “ FA

vunCf" ( th e k in g is com ing ;) th e to w iro n en ran up to the s teep le a n d ac t d l th e belln w ldrling in deafen ing peaLs. T h e hom es w ere em]>licd of th e ir iniiabitanta. M en , wom#^n, and children, ran <»nt w welcome him a n d to congra tu la te each o ther on th e honour of the vLrit. A woman seized a g u n , loa<led i t iu double qu ick tim e, a u d fired i t off closf b y m y ea r. T iie ch ildren m arched and boat tim e on the ir CAps fo r drum s. E v e ry b o d y w as read y for d ie parade , an d a ll wu'i animFitiou and delight^ till, alas f i t was ascerl^iinod i t w as u fiJse annuiicladoi) aud th a t th e y m u st w ait ano tlie r d a y ; and tlicn

every body c re p t alow I y hack , and w en t ab o u t the ir businesfi will) a lte red co jritrnaiices. A fte r Tiewiog the to«/n and exam m iuff th e att<'ng»li a n d eoio- roaDdiug p o a llo n o f the litUc d ta J e l , I ow n I felt inclined tA m ake som e allowance in favour of Evant»’» rctirinff policy in th e absence o f h is bat- t e r k i g t r a in ; fo r ftUhoiigb b e m ig h t do w ithout i t

very well on the outside, h e would ce rta ib ly stand in som e n eed of i t w ith in , e re h e could have denU «lefinidvely wich the garrison. 'J 'he c itade l or ceii- t r d k eep is a ll th a t r e m a n s o f tbe m agnificent castle o r palace b u ilt b y C harles the F ifth o f G e r­m any, o f w hich the ru ins a ll around exh ib it traces o f considerable streng^th and grandeur. T h e citadel, w hich stiQ S t a n d s en tire , d o n b tle « owe« its presor- v jtjo n to th e ex trem e solid ity w ith w hich i t wa'i conRCnieted. I ts bom b-proof roof in fo rm ed c f stone arches five fe e t th ick a t the crown, pre< •ienting a lev e l fioor above, o n w hich four gu n s of »ix poundt», e ig h t pounds» tw elve pounds, and eig liteen pounds calibre, traversed freely . A tiled rouf was recen tly added to p ro tec t th e arttlleros from th e w eather, b u t considering th e danger from bom bs, 1 th ink th e y w ould have been safer w ith ­o u t it. A t th e base o f th is fo rt a re bastions '»trctcliing in to and com m auding th e P laza R e a l s«id th e m ain s tree t. T h e en tire p resen ted o u close inspection, a ratJier form idable colleclion of loop

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holes fo r t i e recepcion o f an assailing party , aided as t i e dcadcl was fo r d is te a t effect k»y th« Fuerte del Par/ju« a t I ru n , the fortified station al T orre A lio be tw een i t ^ d th e m ounlsiins, b y t i e old fo rt de Itpter a t th e m ouiL o f th e bay , inouot> iiig th ree la rg e guo4 as L o rd Jo h n H a y m ay re* m em ber, and, lastly , a stro n g m oveable force in the }>r<»vince8 alw ays on th e a lerts t i i s portion o f the coast did n o t ap p e ar p arlicu ia rly invili a g to visit«®] from S t. Sebaatlan a n d P assives.

KOTAL TOÜR OF INSTBCTIOy. 07

C H A P T E R IV .

D l r i n g tb o m onth o f S ep tem ber, D o n C arlos and b is staff w ere dmly occupied un a to u r th ro u g h tb e provinces, in jp ec tb )g the troops a t e v ^ y station, m ino tely examijiÍDg tb e condition of each fortress« tb e re iadve positioDs o f th e opposlug frou tier posb^ and th e w orks in p rog ress a t eocb of tbe royal manufdctorieft. H e wa? accom panied b y h is nephew , the Infenti* D o n S eb as tia n ; th e uuiTersa] m inister, Sefior E rro ; ib e S ecre tary o f sta te ao d dispati^h, S oSor S i e n a ; th e S ecretar)' o f war, Seftor M o r io n ;

A e V icar-G enera l, D o d Ju a n E c h e v a rria ; the cora- m a n d a n t-^ n e ra l o f G oipiiscoa, G u ib c la ld e ; and a crow d of officers, c i?il a n d m ilita ry . T b e weotber was delightfu l, a jid th e fields w ere a ll alive w ith the peasantry te n d in g tb r í r crop?. T b esc , as tb e r o p i tnuD rode along , th rew b y th e ir w ork fo r m iles a i each side o f tb e w ay and hastened to raee t i t or •Tin along w ith th e cvrtége^ shouting w itli euthu'^lasm

** V iva N eio iro Seiifrr / ” ** Vina Carlo4 Quinto O n tL e m ftrning o f th e ID lb h c eutóroH Iro n amWat saluWs from the fo rt and th e occlam alions of ib e whole* population , fo r the very ch ild ren aw w arm partisan« o f ^-N uestro Señor E l andlittle h*>ya a tid g irls uuc^rem oniously pushed away t i^ i r big; b ro thers (th e soldiers) to g e t o s ig h t of h iu i. T h e f'ort¿gc partook o f a h ea rt) ' brealcfiwt a t the: Custom -kouse, afte r w hieh tL e com pany took horse fo r F ueu ta rab ia , w here D o n Carloe b ispected the llCtle e itade l a o d s lrn d e r fortifications which enabled its g srriso n o f *250 to retdst the a ttac k of iw en tv -four tim es th e ir num ber, u d e d b y seven B ritish vessels o f w ar in the bay . H e lo ft F u eu - to rab ia a t noon a n d took tb e m oontain road to L ez o a n d K « o to n a , th en ce b y O y ^ u o and A stigarragft to H ern an i, w here b e slep t. N e x t <iay h c reach ed T o lo sa w h h h er 1 followed aod ju s t a rriv ed iu tim e to p resen t m y le tte r» o f in - tjw iuctkon to S eñ o r E rro a n d o th e r officers of the court, previous to th e ir d ep a rtu re w ith the Ring» an d to outke arrangem ents fo r accom panying h im In

Ids fu rth e r p rio re ss .O n th e m orn ing o f th e I 6 th S ep tem ber, h e left

T oloea, and con tinued Lis to u r o f inspection south­w ard, am idst th e euthiiB>QstÍc vi&o« u f each v i l l ^ e h e passed th rough . A ll covctcd h is p resence and conteuded for the honour of hia re á d c n c e ; b n t the

N'avarwse w ere mo%t pressiug, and in sisted th a t i t WM then th«T tu rn . A fio r com plelijjg h is su rvey o f th e GuipuscDftn fron tiers and p k c e s o f bep im u e d U s ro u te tiu th e r b y l-eg o re tia . V illa I'ranco» S r^u ra , C egam a, and eoutlaued i t nnchecked by the opproach of n igh t, over tb e dangcrons Sw rra de Sian A d ria n , a h n stch o f the 6tee|) and rocky C an tabrian ran g e w hich defied tbe progTCT* o f the conquering Sa^'aoenR of «Id. T h e truck w as so im perfectly marked» (havijig, Iu m any p l a o ^ been B w ^ t aw ay b y to rren ts,) and th e darkness beneath the shade o f the fore«t ehesnut« and encinas woa so ex trem e, tiiat the guide« lost s ig h t o f i h e ^ t b , and aU exueps the In fa n t D o u S ebastian w ere obliged to d ism ount a n d fee l tb e ir w ay th rough the forest. A fter a pauiful m arch th rough heavy ru n , loose rocks, nnd m ire, th e y a rriv ed la te a t n ig h t a t I tu rm en d i w here the royal escort »lepL N e x t day th e y pursued th e ir w ay acrow th e \'a lley of tiie D orunda, Uie S ierra de A ndia, and the Ames<xag, and arrived safe a t lU te lla . T he»e n ig h t niarchos 1 found w ere m atter? o f course to th e K in g and hU su ite . H e w as certa in ly w ell schooled in adversity on his f irs t arrival in tb e mmintaint» w hen h e was chased b y the troops o f I to d ll a n d L ope« fo r six m c « ti« continuously, o flrn in im m inen t danger of heiiig captured, a o d was ob liged to change hla rou te and resting-p lace , n ig h t a f te r n igh t, till the w ildest

soliCnd^'B o f tbc A m ewoad becam c ^uDiliar to LIhl

1 wad aUo on the road to E ste lla on tbe n i^ h t o f tb« I filb , and traTclled across an o th rr po rtion o f the sam e m o u n tu n h a rrie r wIdcU scp ara trs (!!iiipuscoa> fr<#rD N avarre , acconipanicd b y a u officer atlncbed to tbc R oyal service, « b o was ma]uD(if tb e b es t of b is w ay to jo in tb e CuariA R w l', cUus 1 wa.« afforded a to le rab ly f u r o p p ortun ity o f becom iog aeqiia in ted w ]tb tb e difficuldos a ttaeb ing to D igbt travelUo^,^ in tb e B iw quc |iro rin ces, evon o n a Camino (a roya] road) to tb e eonrL T b e a ^ n t san d descents boooured w ith tiia t title w ere o r i^ - n a lly ab o u t u io e fe e t w ide, form ed o f a paveiDen^ m assive o n tb e o u td d o , b u t »tznalJ w ith in , and stayed from slid ing dow n tbe hill b y crops aCretcbers o f wood. A t e i th e r aide tb e to rre n t formic a bed for I tte lf, in w bicb ( if b y m iracle aD en tire ly feir day le s re s i t em p ty ,) tbe m ules laden w ith th e wiuee o f N avarre , th e brandies o f F rance , o r tbe fisb of tb e B ay o f B iscav, find i t m ore conven ien t to Tnarch; fo r the bou n d ary p a re m en t, loosened in m ost pbiees from its p ro p er l in e s preseiib» a series o f s tum bling blocks, num erous enougli to w eary tbe m ost en d u rin g patieucv, an d spo il tb e »weetest tem per o f toan or m ule.

T b e l ig h t departed w ben w e bad a t tu n e d a b o u t a q u a rte r o f tb e oscent, a n d I proceeded band-in-g loyc w ith th e N ara rrese g u id e fo r tbe

A G l t l P C S C O A S B IT O C A C . 4 1

reDialndcT of di« n igb l. W e w ere very fortu ­nate, M h e on ly lost bU patli and stum bled w idi rno in to ihe side d itch th ree t im « . T h e Tnuks> too, u*ok guDHnr liberties, b u t in aucii a know ing wav tlia t ihcy ne ither h u r t them selves or u*. M v com panion rode Lis liorsc tL e whole wny, to k eep h im up> a n d tL e uiijDal bad n o t a «cratch uo h is ku^es, w hen h e d ism ounted a t E charrl- A rm nax w here we passed th e n igh t, and w here n ex t m orn ing th e M tdico o f iLe P ueb lo lifted np h is hands and eyes a l tb e id e a of the rider’s tem e­rity . H c had the com m andant o f a battalion uuder hla lance t ju s t then , as th e p en a lty o f s sim ilar a ttem p t o n the w n e road ao hou r or two before we descended— horse aud m ail hav ing ialleu In tv a rav ioe and esperieoced severe in juries before Uiey could b e extricated.

O n our descent) w'e passed through a bivouaf' o f 100 GuipuBcoAns, d r a i^ d from th e lines abov^ S t. Sebastiao to ta k e tbe ir tu rn of service, in the K ing’s body gufird a t Estella. T h e poor fellows had in th e darkness o f th e fo rest lost tb e ir giude and the ir w ay as well as th e ir com m andant, and w ere dispersed along tlie m ountain w de shouting for each o ther, jo k in g as usual, s in g in g th e ir proviocial 90uga, endeavouring to strike lig h ts for th e ir cigars am idst the heavy ra in , aod sing ing still. T hose troops 'vere serv ing (io to m ) aa th e K ing’s body

giiftKls. T t c y lutd beeo m arch ing a ll day, and « e keep in g i l u p a ll n ig h t w ithout th in k in g of res t, m e e t D o n C arlos a t E ittella, u n ti l fiu rly stopped th « difficulty o f th e ronte— a dUcancc o f s ix ty roil couutang the s ig -sa g traverses o f th« S ie rra ;— th is «'aa q u ite an o rd iaa ry affair. N e x t day, we r iv ed safely in com pany w ith D o n C arios and su ito a t E ste lla , am idst tbe r i n ^ n g AQd w hirling oS a ll the bells iq a l l th e steeples, an d th e sa lu tes of couple o f field p ieces w liidi stood in the p r ia dP U m .

T lie towns in N avarre a n d the B asque p v in c ts p re se n t a a iu g u b r aspccl to au E ng lish ey T h e houses a re uuiform ly constructed on tbe archai p lan o f aeconiioodating th e quadrupeds of the establishm eut o u th e g tound floor, T h e ho au d m u les en te r th ro u g h the sam e hall door, or ra tlie r ga tew ay w ith th e ren t o f th e iam ily , and occupy the Iro n t p a rlo u r in peace a n d eom fortas the if sL ire o f th e hoiise, uu le^i w hen i t m ay be w anted for a shop, and theu th e back parlour is g iv en o p to th e m instMid. A ll the doorcases and window-fram es are w ithout excep tioa constructed of e n t s to u e , an d the la tte r in th e basem ent sto ry are uuiversally secured b y stro n g and tastefu lly wroug, iro u bars w hich stand iii th e p lace o f g)^s> and w ith siieh a clim ate (and su d i a popu la tion ) a» S paiu p o s s e s s e s , a rc doubtless m uch prcferablfi.

T h e walls too a rc h n iit so substan tia lly tlia l thoy ^eemuU«nd«d n o t m ere ly for tu o e b u t cCcrnity; tliu5 each houtte is copablo o f sustsiiidiig a lim itedonly b y tiie f r a ^ l i ty o f tlie irou-otudded door, and pautUed roo£> T h e la tte r is gen era lly la id double, se i f tiles w ere m ore p len tifu l than m ortar, b u t u g;T6nitdc « i l l epocdily gaio access, a n d b rin g the lictle garrisoQ Co term s. H ouses a re yet ou fire in alm ost ev e ry trifilug a S d r o u the frontiers, b u t i t seem s to do tlie whU» n o b a rm ; aod as soon aa the tide o f w ar flows som ewhere e b e , tb e ow uer cats down a few tre<29 and d igs up a few dollar^!, csJl^ some carpenters and tiJera toge lber, a n d fits u]) hU fam ily m ansion again in a fo rto igb t, fu lly as good 88 new.

E ste lla is situated in one of tb e m ost sheltered basics in ^ ftv a rre ? i t is perfec tly surrounded b y m onntaius, ao d of course iodefensible against any force whi«;h can p la n t d tw elve-pounder on tb e ad­jo in in g beigb(B. T h e Cbristinos abeudoncd i t to Z a - m ab carreg u i a f te r b is succcsses iu the B asque pro­vinces, a n d h e inutiediaiely levelled the few m ural defences i t possessed, tru sting to th e m ountains for b is fortresses and to b is good generalship to render thccQ a v ^ b l o for all h is purposes, df«tisu te as b e wa« of a rtillery . H ow ever, before h is dea th the Carlists becam e b e tte r supplied w itb cannon, and they have been g e ttin g up fortifications in BstelJa

Q g^n. I t is now surruuDcled a sligbcp icrced w itli loopholes for m nske try ; and ité gat a re surm ouott^d w ith additìonéil p3ra|>et8 and oeilce. T lio sou thern b ridge, looking tow ards t\ C hristino liu e , is b u ilt u p and uimiLirly batt m oo ted ; the uld H om ati w all a n d tow cre a re p u l u requisì (ion b y th e a id o f platfbrai? v itìiiD , and an out lying; g u ard w atclies tb e p ic tu resque height» hu overhang i t , w here m ay y e t b e sf*rn th e remain* an old M oorish castle^ su rm ouoted b y a gìganà^ iro n crucifix pla!s(ed in Christian tr iu m p h on the ru ins. E^CclL'i th o u g h ly in g v ith io tw o hours ' loaK i of the Chrifttinos, (and w itìùn the ir view o n tb« 14 th Sep(en)I>er w hen th e y pillaged lii« country | has nev e r sincc b een en te red b y them . I t i> lUie a « 'ire ra t- tra p , v e ry easy to g e t dow n in t b n t im poièib le to ascend o u t o f iji th e faoc ofi a n ene ioy w ho poetesses th e coun try , aud could actua lly bu ild them iu a t a ll th e passes th i m ig h t a ttem p t to m ake th e ir e x it b y . i n tb« m eantim e a sm all fo rt inrendeci for artlQery b e e n erected a t the n o rthern side o f the to 'ii crow ning th e wall o f loopholes, w hich w heo p lan t w ith cannon wilJ g i^e the piwdeufiors th e (?viiir o f th e tow u from tlieoce, and p rev e n t ic% occupatii b y a u enem y : b u t th is fo rt w ill its e lf n eed to be supported b y th ree o r fo u r o thers to form a circle oi defence on tho several sum m it» aruuiid th e towoi

«TC i t can b e looked oo as a «ecurc poaicioo. T lie on ly pieces o f artiU ery io F.Mella during m y visit w ere the tw o b r a » four pounders th a t s d u te d us, ihe famona A rm b a anrt T b eb an o <*st a t Seville, aod taken b y Z m nalacarregut in th e decisive double victory w liicb ho o b t ^ e d n o d er the walls of V itto ria . T h ^ y w ere too sm all for b a tic r in g with a n y effect the lionses a n d ca&ernoa fortified along th e C h rb lin o Kne, a n d w ere tlierefnre allowe«^ to gland in the P laza S aotiago , w here th e arlillery inen w ent th rough the ir field exercises ev e ry m orning, aud on festiva] days fired a salu lc , u n til th e y w ere ordered on r r ic e o f a m ore serloas aj^pect before Bilboa.

T h e m orn ing a f te r m y a r r i ^ l (S unday , Ittlli I v>itne«Bcd th e assemblag;c of a body of

troops destined fo r an expedition ostensibly in to L ow er A rragon , b u t really in to the A s tu r ia s un* d er tbe c o n d w t o f tho R rigad ier-G eneráis E lio and P ablo Sanz, to a tten d the coosocrdüoD o f a banner u iider w hich th e y w cro to m arch lo ocbleve uew succesAe« io th e path s th a t G otacz had upeued. T h e gniard o f the K u ig also paraded in the P laza M ay o r uo th iug th e worse fo r th e ir s ix ty mQea ratab le, hav ing g o t a few hours’ &leep aluce th e y arrived ID Ta IhHbj w hich th e y w ould have en tered m one «crotch i f th e darkness and '*'Wit o f guides had not effectually checked ihem . Z u d alaca rreg u í i^onietiines m arched his m en os far to su rp rise the

€uem y, b a t tho C hrisd n o s p rofit ro Httlo b y Carl exam ples (b a t (he la(Cer s lep t soundly a t on ly Stfveu mile» from the ma&Kes o f the u n d e r Irrib o rrcn . T h e troops fo r iL e e iped l( appeared iu m arch ing order, ab o u t 2,000 infant a n d 150 cavalry. T h e y w ere review ed by K in g , w ho aftervrards en te red a t th e ir h ead iiti the g re a t C hurch of S t. Ju a u , a u d a tten d e d a t t) 9olemo consecradon o f th e ir banner a u d the form anoe o f h igh mass. T h e K iu g ’»* liand {a p risoner» a t OehaDdiano b y Zum alacarregui, a t once transferred in to th e H oyal service as »h>ii th iu g to o f o t J a c c io to w arfare,) took a n effeetii p a r t in the cereiD uuJal: th e y p layed v»i&h consider ab le tSäte and form ed n very at(rac(ive portion of tba accessories to the court o f D od Carlos. A n odi{ u a s ce leb ra ted o n th o occasion, in honour o f the I R l e w d V irg in , whose espec ia l gu idance and pi t« c d o n wjtfi im plored fo r th o arm y , o f >vhich, accor lUg tu Spauish e tiq u e tte , she w iu s^olinted to bee C c fu ra li is im a ; and an aj^proprlate serm on p reached b y P a d re G iel, superio r o f the o rder of Jesu its , h itc ly han islied from M adrid . T h e Ice fa ther a t tr ib u te d a ll the ill snccoss w hich hafi a ttended th(^ arm s o f 13on C arlus to th e w ant: o f iiü lh o f those who w ielded them , and warmlj exhorted his h ea re rs to tra» t im plicitly to th e never' fa ilin g g u a id ian care o f ^ ia ie r Doiorosa fu r thostf

who loved and honoured ker. T h e soldiers des- tio e d for th e espedW on piud the d eepest aCten- doii, receired th e ir consecrated banner afterw ards »t Ijai^d« o f th e K in g from hU belcony witli loud acclaroatioue, and m arched ftway wiOi ligh t and ravrry k e a ru , confideut in tlie vratchful and all sufficient care g f ihc H o ly and m akingtl»e ro ck y vineyards refeouud w ith th c ii so n g s w hich echo t r o u s h t b a d i to ua b n g afte r they w ore o u t o f e igh t. I 'h e y w ore wild-looking, su n -h u rn t fellon's, o f a ll sixes and ages th a t could h and le a m u ^ e t , w ith whom fa tigue aud dan­g e r appeared to g o fo r D O t i i l u g . I t appeared a s if th e v w ere on ly g o in g o n a p a r ty o f pleasure* so g a y and carclcss did thoy seom when ouee beyoud tbe restra in ts w hich the presence o f tk e K in g , the court, and the chnrch im posed. T h e i r c lo th ing wftft n o t v e ry uniform , b u t th e y had a ll com fortahie frockKKiQtA, and seem ed aa i f more. aCtentiou to th e ir reg im enta ls w ould be tkrow n aw ay ou tkem . So m uch did th e y value th e li eaAC and freedom of rnodoD, th e y would ev idently feel dieix necks io prison in o u r soldiers’ s tocks; a n d tlghc-laced hoota wouhl b e to th e m the to rtu re o f th e garro te . T h ey were, however« m ore fu lly eqidppod than the cavalry w hich accompaDied them , w hich w ere of ai! arms, ju s t as tb e y could b e spared from o ther ser­vices, carbineros, loHrtTM, &c.

T w o very fttrik icg an d aoldierliko ch a ra tle ra seem ed to pervade a ll classes— p o in tt in which itro u g ly resem bled th e IrisL peoKUitr)', vii.) iboroMgh cobtem pt, o r Tether carelessness of g e r , a n d ft diiposieion to m ake sh ift w itL w orse: th e al)senoo o f “b e tte r . B u t vices and vir bo rd er v e ry closcly oo each o ther, and 1 cct n o t adm ire theu* com bined effect 1» tbe pearanee o f th e ir equipmf^nU, especially Ifl iiuoUi^ianM w bicb m an y o f tb e infiiutry ean^nasu e a ru id g e -b e lls p resen ted a t each ex trem ity rij and le f t w here th e m agazine pouches a re plf O f these severid w ore unbu ttoned , several had th e ir bu ttons, and th e ends o f tJie papered pat p eep ed ou t, exj)osed to ra in a n d fire. O n e Ut troop of «akvtdry m arched on th e expedition arr®< w itli lancee alone, a n d sp u rted a lo n g as i f th e y fe them selves a m atch for the Q ueen’s a rm ed w ith «words an d pistols to boot. C ou« how ever, W a lm ost every th in g . I t has supplied i place o f disdpluie> arm s, ju d equ ipm ents hidw a n d now th e a ira y is g radually attaining; a ll th< i t w ill, n o doubt, re n d e r i t d oub ly formidable, v e ry wometi a re wurriors io sp irit. 1 had an uneJ p ec ted iUdstratioii o f thia in m y r id e lo Lstcl H a v in g requested tl»e officer who accomj)ani<‘d to p o in t o u t tlie positions o f th e b u ttle o f I.e$c w hich was fo u g h t in tiie p reseocc o f D o u Carl

OO ibe tiiirH of O ciobcr, 18d4, wLen BOO Guipis* on^p'i aud N a v a m s e drove K1 P asto r w ith «00 Chrisdnoe th ro u g h th e tow o and u ito iLe mouD- taius. W e le ft d ie h lg li road a t V illa I 'rao c a , aiid took the m oun ta iu p a th l«adlD^ U) th e eceoc ot com bat a o d tb c cxecrable lU til a l r e ^ ydescribed- M y com panion was po inring o u t CO m e til« statioo o f tbo K in g and the line of re tre a t ot E l I 'aa to r th rough the m m ze f ie ld s w hen two w o n e o wbo w ere (Standing a t a cottage adjaeeot (calking to som e m ldiers w ho appeared to be, like ourselves, on tboir a iarcb across tb c raoitntains,) cam e u p to ub **Ah, Senur,” exclaim ed one, ad­d ressing tb e officer by m y side, “ we » e re juM ta lk ing of you a n d the b a td e . B u t, G o d blebs you ! you are filtered fo r the b e tte r very m uch since ibnt day when you rode on the ta ll jionarre in to tbetow n afte r Jaur<?gui and h is Chrisiiuos__yourface a ll 9«amed w ith tlie sm all-pux, a n d one eye «¡11 sh u t u p w ith it, m ak ing you look lao rr Hke a corpse than s soldier. B u t I know your voice. A b ? you ought to b e g ratefu l u» tlie V l r ^ n and 10 tills w om an b<?side m e, for saviog your life th a t d a y ; for i t « a s she tb a t rushed o u t aod w arned you to stop a n d bew are o f the am bush in th e inai?:r behind h er house, tb a t would have sko t you d«iri i f you bad gone ten s te p s f u r th e r ; and she i t

V O L. I . n

who sen t you back to y o u r m en, and told y u a iiow ro u t th«? am bush b y th e fiel<k.’'

So i t w as. T h e w om en of tb e riU age wer in tUe m W st o f the dnn^er, ex lio rtiog , cnooi a n d g iv in g inCelligence to th e K ing '» troops e r e rv m otion o f tb o onem y, a t tlic risk of Ui* Uvea. H a d th e C hrislinos b e e n v ictors the ir mr m ercifu l p o c e e d in g w ould h av e p robab ly been »et fire to tbe bouses o f a l l w ho Lad evinced s tro n g gym palby for tb e cauBO o f D o n Carlos. v i U a ^ w ho uD dcrtoak to show u e o u r rou te A tm m across tbe fields, p o in te d o u t tb e s^Hit u Ik b e rcoollected to have se e n m y com panion poit n looe on b is tall Rteed o n tb c to p o f a b rid g e wbl be w as ordered to defend , in advance of b is di^ aion,— a eoospieoona m ark fo r th o enem y, by w b ite h a t w ith a brood le a f w hicli h e w ore to fend b is y e t sufferijjg fea tn rc s from sun , wind

__having forb idden h is m en wbose cartri<w ere red n ced to th ree encb, to waAt« a single on a long shot. “ H e re !” said anotL er p a who accompanioA us, ** is th e epot w bere y old s c ije a u t feU> a n d th e re tbe flank man tb e com pany w as k illed b y th e shots tb a t roli yo u .” T b e y could b av e repeatííd to u s every cum srnnce o f the b a tü e i f w o oould bave lim e to listen to th e m ; b u l a b a g g a ^ mule

Oiir l*ÄTty bad gMi© afttmy, and w e w ere obbgcd to b iu teu oxt to seaich for it. O d a iriv in g a t the poyscla u f A touo , a little fu rtlic r on> nuliodv

t o kj)ow or care aD jth in g i ^ u t o u t niiile, our lu j^ a g e or ouraelvea, till we began tv a^k them ab o u t tb e ir rem em brance o f t i e b a ttio , and th e n tb e y w o n r e c t ^ t s c d m y com panion as one of th e leader« of tb e bravo Cuia* de K avarra who had giiined snch honour thftt day . l l i e y inquired affectionately afte r hi» whi(« h a l w ith tb e b road leaf; th o alcalde, w ho k e p t th e poaadn, InsiRled on open­in g a b o ttle o f h is host w iac, and before we had fininbed it, w en t o u t and found our m ule , w hich Lad been safely ropow ng in Lia stab le a ll the wbile-

T b « w ar in N avarre and th e Rast^uo Provlficee 1« no longer ca rried on for D o n C«rto» b y the natives aiw^e. I t is « d m a te d th a t (sevenfy thou- « n d have a lready fallen (on both sides,) *uice the

war began. Scarcoly a m a n o f fo rty y e a « o f a « isnow to h e seen in ihe C arlist ranks tb c re I 'h e g ro a t m ajo rity a re betw een seventeen and tw entv five. I n a r id o w ith som e friends n ea r E ste lla , we *poke t^ a oom pany of the valiant g . id e s o f K a- varre, whom w e m e t on the « y , a „ d whom one .,f

»«e , „ f t l „ ,1, ^

m e „ t .o n ^ A S e e m te llig en t WA o f d .«- b o < ,.dd y e t be tw enty , bore in W , Z U .

D *2

b u lie t > » ^ n d o f th a t day’s couflicU M y <?k>m- panion inqu ired fo r several brave fellows who ta d fo u g h t th e re . “ A h , h e w Head I” w as th e eon«(amt, re p ly . T h e y co u n ted s ix teen w ho y e t reiQained in rh e ir com pany o u t o f e ig h ty w ho suTvivcd that b a ttle . Z nn ta lacarregu i namoH th e m “ T h e Ouidw»* w hich w ords bore a m ean in g afte r hia ow n heart, aud signified the ftrs t to m nrch in to tlie fire, and le ad the Tcst to c h a r ^ « ith th e b a y o n e t

T h e C a rlls t ranks a re , how ever, v e ry effectively, SUed b y pasadoi from th e Casdlet», A ndalusia, and A rragon . D o n Bnnlici Garula. collected .300 re- e ru if i from th e la tte r k ingdom d u rin g h is recent fo ray , ( i t does n o t deserve a b e tte r terto ,} to g e th ^ Tfith fifty-tw<» horseis b u t th e la tte r p a r t o f his booty w ere so harassed b y th e ib reed m arch to w hich th e y w ere sub jected , th a t i t was found ue- cessarv to allow th e m to re s t and refresh fo r month# l>efore b e in g ranked fo r d u ty . T h e m eu cared n o th in g ab o u t rest, and w ere dolly drilled aod ex- ercit»ed in E atella , so th a t 1 bad constan t cp p o rttt '^ j n itie s u f becom ing a c q u ^ o te d w ith th r i r figures, ]| feature«, g u t and geaturea, a u d Z m u st say th a t a *| m ore ex traord inary Ret o f rec ru its I nev e r saw in my life. T 'hey alm ost defied elassliication, ev en with th e a id of the d rill-se ijean t, th e a rn iv ta ih ir and tb e arn )oo ier. T h e i r m uskets a iid bayonets were

A R H A U O K K S E 7 A D 1 E T 1 L S . ¿ 3

si I Qcw and brigh t, tbe ir ca rtrid g e b e lts sa t ligliUy, tJioir brown surtuuU tu n ^ com forttb iy aro iu id tbeoi, tho’ w itliout a o y prct«Dt»iuiiS tv & S t, a n d tL eir roveu bUc^ h«ada o f ha ir preserved Roroctbing like an ^|>earance o f uiiiforiDity desp ite d ie ir m an y R)i&(ied hvyfias, bats, Iiaudkerchief», torbai^s aiid "¡gbt-e*ps» and Li m an y c .w s , t i e ab w u c e of all head-^M r; b u t iu every olL er Item of' m ilita ry coocord they d i f e r moRt w biinaically, ap p earin g on pttfade in sbo&s, slippers, legg ings, boou» o r sandals. M on o f m ature ag e atood beside b o y s ; g iou ta {and woU m ade g ian ts too) overlooked sliort, broad »bouJdered p igm ies, wlii> rem inded one o f S co tt’s “ Black Dwa'-f.” Som e w ere fine loose-limbod fellows; otLers, com pact and s tro n g ly k n i t ; o thers, "w^agre and w iry. T h e i r featureR varied ao m uch, sb iy seem ed to be b rough t from th e antipodes. 1-ads witb (U)ipi; fjjc.* stood bide b y side » id i m en of uncfrtain ageg, whose c b e e k - b o n c R o f Calinuck breadtb astouifthed liie beho lder. H e re aqn iline featqree harm onized w ith fierce m uatachios, and ^ e re the o p p o ate M ilesian and beardleas oim cavity * f profile m ade th e beho lder n o ag lo e th a t iie wa® gW ing on an em ig ran t from th e coun ty Gal«^ay.

appeared ev iden t a t first s ig h t, th a t tlie k ii ig - ^ *>f A rragon was n o t peopled b y a »ingle race, • ^ b a b ly each ra lle y sends ford i a tr ib e a» dis-

D 3

lin c t ir» o r ig ia a s Ío f íé C u r« and » tature. T h e Na- ra rreee affect lo con tcran tbera (ev e ry king<l<». o f S pain looks dow a o n t i e o ther,) and to vod- yoy a n oRtiraate o f th e ir capacity in the foUowin^j s to ry :

“ A n A m á n e s e inulnteto cam e to n broke« bridge, w hich the an im al h e drove w ould n o l p a s , e i th e r for bcaCing or coaxtug. T ir e d o u t a t length tb e lir ire r e sc lu m c d , * G o d m ay h av e g iv en yoc m ore sc n w , h u t h e has g iv o a m e m ore s tren g th ,' ¡ a u d ta k in g ihe besv^t u p in h is arm:^, h e ca rried L in

across.”H ow ever, a f te r the first nnfiivourablc impreasione

subsided, tlie$e A rrag o aese created au iiite rsn t that was m ore lik e ly to Increaae iLaii dim inish. T liey had a ll d ark , tntelligenC and fcarlcRs oyes, baC wilb ro tlic r a cruel expression, an d w en t th rough the ir ejtercises w ith a d eg re e u f ease ^ d seÍf*po&<»e9elMi th a t ind icated c u ü S C Ío u s sCrongrh a n d abili ty , T hey m arched parcicuLirly well, and w ith th a t iude»- cribab le freedon!^ o f g a ll w hich an nounced tJjat th e y w ere ready-m ade soldiers, a n d ob liged the be­ho ld e r to ackbow ledge, th a t how ever appcaraoofii m ig lit b e ag a in st them , th e y w ere lik e ly lo do m ore effeclive Rcrvicc in the m ouutalii w arfare th w p rc tlle r m en . Iu fact, suu , w ind, rain a u d to il hJid a lready done iKcir w < ^ t on th e ir an g u la r form s and

6vanhy features, eeaftoning; a n d aJtcniiatiog; tLe human onlinai til l ho had bccom c all bone, nerve aod muscle, ev e ry tiling o f m ere graceful round* about fiesliiness ev ap o ra trd . T h e w eaiber-beatcn mouQtain e r r wbicb rem ù iied , on ly w an ted am u£> ket tn m ake him a w arrio r, and such w ere thc9c Arragouese. I on ly saw a sing le tm i t o f consritu* tlonal »enRitiveoese m aoifested th roughou t tbe ir ranks, w hich am using ly con trasted w idi tb e reck- )e» displayed by iLe A lg erin e jtom dos re ­viewed a t th o opposite aide o f th e P laz2L T h e latter in perform ing th e cvoIatloQ “ o rder arm s !” made E ste lla r in g w iiL tb e ra ttle o f tb c ir m usketry , while tbe p ru d e n t A rm gonesc , a lth o u g h th e y han­dled their pieces as lig h tly as hazel ox*^oads,hroqght tiie b u tts to g ro u n d w ith noiseless ease,__«vjdentJy m uch lees reg a rd leas o f m ilita ry effcet tban of th e claim s o f the ir defenceless toes.

n 4

C l i A P T E R V.

T h e progress o f D o u C arlos a n d h is mimsc th rough the provbccB , though higM y g ra ti/y b ig » the inhabitaTltí^ aw aken ing t?very w here a sp irit activity) an d n a tu ra lly lead ing to tb e establlshm i o f goi*d o rder and d i^np line in a ll th ljig s lia b lr io th e royal guroeUlance, w as y e t ra th e r uiifavoural to the trausaction of tb e p ro p er tohijiesí» tiia t app«i taiued to each ra in is tfria l bureau , whfch wh» inde«4. ra th e r to« serious a n d ex tensive to b e g o n e throu b y an am bulatory cabinet. l> on Carlos, therefo «U b is arrival a t E s te lla o n th e 17 th September»^ took u p b is residence to g e th er w ith S eñor E rro aod hiA secretarie«, in th e g re a t square of S t. Job) ( P la za San >TuanJ, w here th«y rem ained fo r tbc d ispatch of businew til l thp 8 0 th , when llie coixrt aga in cud tin n ed i ts progress a u d rode throiigb. A biva in to B b cay . D tJring its Bi^oiirn in Listell* I bo¿ the h cuou r o f b e in g p resen ted to tbc K io f .

wlio receivod m e w iih Kis asual a rh a n ity , cnquireci wilh cciiwa<^ablc mWTcrt iü lo t i c opioìoite en ie r- tsdiied Hy thè varioua cki58« o f s o « e ty i» E n g la n d T «p*« iog ÙiC p eu ò h ig conte^^ e s p r e s s a himì»elt h l j^ y ^ a ti f ie d a t m y arrivai, nsid hojwfd thìtx tk« w m p le w ouid b e fóUowed b y nurabete <»f m y coHrliym eu. H e declaroH Ü iat i l wouW g ivp biro die greatost p lcaeure tu afford Ùicai ev c ry p o s ib le

ovportuaity of ju d g iiig fo r o f tli« s ta «of thè province« an d of »'stimatiiig th è tVrUugs b y «hich tho |K)pulatioii w erc a u im a t^ . l a conclu«on h t k indly aw ured m e of bU readiiiess to d d m y « ^ w c L e s in a n y d q )a r tm e n t Co w hicb lo y a tten ù o n hità beeu d irectod, and re q n e a ^ d to b e inforinori of auy th ìng whìcli m igb t b e reqniaitó tft tLc pT<^r«* of m y ejiquirif* or lo tb e trKtisoiisi^iou of ajy corretjHJudeuw?. I expericntwU «ioiilar ob lig ing aanranees as weU aa roal assisiuncc from a ll iho secretori« a n d ofEcera of d ie court w i t l wliom I had a t any tim e oocasioi» W com m uuìcale, eapcdaiiy from ÜOÜ W encoslaua M a ria d e S ierra , Secrtttirìo

* E»ùido del Detpaclwy iiiM wbose offico m y bucine» at* w eiì a» inclioalion m ore froquently ied m e, fo r th c re 1 w w a lw a y i aure to fìnd evcry wd and in fo rm aron wliicb a fiav e llc r in m y po&i- ÜOD coulil d e^ re ,— afiorded w itb a degrcc o f k ind ly ■ti^ncion, w hich doubly enì»aiiceCÌ th è fiivour, and

I ) o

wliich perhaps a sCrang;pr only could fu lly appredtC«*i 1 ow n th a t in leav iu^ L ondoo I had i iu le vxpeo* ta u o n o f Huding; th e systcraaUc habit« o r proceed*

w hich characterise it« u ieu of bnsineiB, iu full operation am idst tlie w ild m onntm os uf B iscay and N avarre, b u t I feel i t a m a tte r o f ju u lc e to ail concerned to sta te th a t T w as ag reeab ly d i » ^ po in ted , and th a t a ll m v le tte rs , &c., could n o t liAV« b een forw nrded or d v lire rcd wich g rea te r care «r d ispatch in an y conntry tlm u th e y w ere iindor i l i a

adm in istra tion o f 8 e iiu r S ierra , w ith in the circ le a i th « B<»i<|ue proTinccR an d N av a jre . ] say within tb e provinecs, fo r w here th e y passed <mt o f his j i in ^ ic t io i i b ey o n d th e C'4)tli^ fruxitier, a u d « itb lc th e reach o f C hris tino i u f l u e u c e , i t is too notorioos t h a t t h e la tte r d i d n o t s c r n p U ( 0 e i a p l o y t h e m u s t

f e l o n i o u s a r ts to e o t o p a a s u v t on ly th e v io la C io D o f

p u b l i c c o r r e i i p n n d o n e e , b u t to p e r p e t u a t e t h e falai- ficatiou a n d p u b l i c a t i o n o f p r i v a t e ; in sb u e tiv e i»* s t a n c c A n f w b i c h fell u n d e r m y ow u observation.

W hilst tlie court reioaiiied a t listeU a, 1 rode out d a ily tliioug^h the su rround ing couu try , v ieitiiig the «evcral t^w ns and v i l l a ^ w bich lay betw een i t and tiie C hristine fronciers to the ex trem e som b of the C a rlis t possebsion» u i K ayarre . T h e various snb- je c ts o f obsoTTation w hiuh m y to u r p resen ted afcer «rM sing the K re n d i fron tier, on th e ftth Septem beri

w m each r o w ell d e ic rn j ig o f w ten tio » tb a t I must endftivour lo <io tli^m jujrtice b y Reparale

(iescriplions.A t pr««eot I re q u e s t tb e rofiHor to view witi» me

tlte ù c e o f tb e coun try , tb e cu ltu re a n d bu^baudry •dopMd on tiio ro u te w hich I p u rsu ed th rough Gui{)U8coa ao d N avarre , a u d w hich I am assured present a fair aven^^e p ic tu re u f th e en tire . T h e ftkvourite a rtic le o f cu liivation throu jrhout G uipn«coa

is mai7e, n o t from au y inab ility m the soil to pro­duce çood wbeaC a n d b arley , fo r I b av e seen both in tbeir baru» a u d marketM o f excellen t quality , hut frnm th e re a l «uperioriCy of m aize in the fodder w hich iC yields in addition to ite crop of groLi. E v e ry d a y d u riu g tb e m onth o f S eptem ber, (he peasants m ig h t b e se eu b u û ed in i ts culture, carefully rea p in g a u d b ea rin g off tb e ta ll succulent bm ichea and Dowering heads o f tb e ¡ilanttf «b ich had com pleted tbe ir fiinctiou^ and leaving tb e nuüa steme w itb th e ir heavy handfuls u f g tiün to n p e n a t leisure, T lu9 g reen forage so im p o rtan t to the Bosque farm er th a t b e sows succesàve crops to yield i t conijouously, w ithou t th e expeetation of deriving a u y g rain from th e la te sowing»; and tu «uoli a a e x te n t dues th is cu ltu re prevail, tha t It appears to bave excluded tb c raisdng o f hay crop» a ltogether. 1 h ioked p re tty sharply in m y rides over h ill an<l vallev, a n d though 1 saw

D 6

h few pad(lc»ckSf &ome ex tvusive r iv e r botiom s aiid rocky &iid vrootly pastures, w h rrc the ob«Gicl«s to tillag;e obliged tb e ownore to abandon th e g ro m d to tb e n aru ra l g row th o f gra»», 1 did n o t sc« a idjtgle m eadow. T lie maizf^ graiTi is coorse, and em ploT f^ alm ost exclusively in th e feeding o f cattlci pip5 a n d p o u ltry ; ir foriub v e ry beavy b read , and e s e e p t in 8caa<m8 of scarcity o r in very secluded m o u n id n o u s districES, tlie inbabita iits do n o t con­sum e i t in rhis ahapn. I t hold« w ith th e m nearly th e sam e r&iik tb a t oats d o w itb us. T b c soldier peasan try a ll receive tb e ii rations in wh<?atcn bread* ei:cellen t in itself« b u t im pcrfcctly la ised iu tlM haking;, ow ing to the absence of good barm and tile w an t o f sk ill co supp ly i t w ith on effective sul> atitu te . T b e ra tio n loaves w ere m ade o f ooarw w hole m eal, the troops p re fe rrin g i t in th a t sta te ; b u t o thers, proparod of flour alone iu sm all flat or tw isted rolls, w ere lit m y estim ation r o far supe* r io r to an y b read I hnri ever tasted , th a t w hen 1 i^ u ld ob ta in one to p u t in m v pocket a t th e com* m en cem ent o f a day’s rid e , 1 felt ^ u ite a t caae ab o u t m y d inner. T h is fine w hoot is chiefly grown in N a w r c and A U va, a n d e.\changed for the maize o f B iscay and O u lp u sco a ; so tlia i d ie C a rlls t p r o vincfii a rc q u ite independen t o f th o re s t o f S^paiu fo r the m ain articles o f enbsh tence fo r m an and

T h e n e a t and careful s ty le o f farm ing

wbicb pervades the eu tlre coun try is deligh tfu l (o ihe o f an Eugllbli Cravcllcr. N o t a woc<l is to b e

seen am ongst th e crops, a n d n o t a percli o f arable ground allowed to lie unoccupied.

T b e rich tra c t o f alluvion ex tond iug be tw een llie tAwna o f Ifiu i aod FnentcrbbL i, (w here tho m aize euldvation is seen in ite g rea te s t |>erfecdon,) has b e e n already described. U eside the h ig h r o a d from Iron to I le m a n i a n d T oloM , a few patches of tu r­nips, n h ea lf aud flax appear, and th e couulry b ^ n s t o he iLuily sprink led w ith v inej'ards. P roceeding Booth« ard ly from T rJo sa to V illa p T a n c s i , tb e la tte r are more abundan t and cover tb e s id e j o f the stony hllJs ID terracc9> w here th e t o l l i s suppo rted b y walls which m ark th e siiccrasive a t e p e u f laborious c u l t i ' vatioH in th e s ty le th a t oiicc h u n g th e rocks iiAcient Je n u a ln m w ith gardens, a n d whicli, a t the p^R cut day euab le tJie inlutbitanc« u f L isbon lo

gather a rich h a r v c » 4t from th e steep am phitheatre ftrouiid ihe ir coagnilicent bay . O n th is road 1 alxi nier, f o r tbe lirs t dm e , a syste tnadc m iz tu ie o f orehards and tillage g rounds in w hich w ell p runed ^pplc trees e»tood a t reg u la r d istances in fields of • ^ ^ e , both ap p a ren tly iu d ie h lg liest condition. T ho S ierra d e A ndla, a series o f h igh, steep , and * e ll wooded m ountam s, (m w blcb the oak , chesnut, “sh, and oneiiia, pred<iounate,) separate Guipn!»-

from the k ingdom o f K avarrc , and p resen t llie

Q'2 A B O Y A l, B IV O U A C .

f irs t induationfi o f a iiy m aterial d ifie ren w in xht ftystcm o f ferm ing. T lie TJiUeya w blch He betw eea th is €Xtf*n»ive w id iLo Ktili laoro foTmidahl* TOcka of tiie Amescoiis, alForcl som e rich pafeturagej b u t %h<‘ q an u tity o f b o r iii^ ca tlle , Rhccp a u d gofttt w hicii I b«hpld brow sing o u a b erb ag e (liat con­trived to sp ru ig up am idst a surface w hite w ith th« solid rock of a m ost obdurate flin ty m ateria l, quit« surpri?<ed m e. T h e cow8 Eitid o x en a re d riven t® th e lowland« iu the w io ter, b u t tb e h a rd y sheep, gouts, a n d pjffi a re o ften w in te red ia liie nuiujitaina T l ic la tte r prov ide fo r tbem aelvea, and ta tto n on bcoch nu ts, acom a, &c. w hich th e y fiud in a b a n - <laoc© llie re . h a te n n iv c sHeds a re e re c te d in each pastun4^ w licre tlie y 6nd re fu g e from ib e suow in severe seasons. A a o u r p a rty dU niounted froot th e ir m ules am i horses to p ic k th e ir s te p s over the la s t rocky s p o i o f tb e S ie rra th a t sh u t us out from th e tab le-land o f N tivarre, a C a rlis t officer pob ited o u t to m e a ra n g e ol' these bootlues which seem ed to b e l i t t le b e tte r th a n a d isa rrang rd portiod o f th e InliospitabLe loountjdn. “ 'F here ,” said be “ is <me o f th e sheds iu w hich wc w ere o ften glad to find a she lte r fo r th e K iu g , w heu H odil and V aldes w ere pn rau ijig him day au d u ig b t on b i «

first arriTal.”T h e co n tra st w hich everything; ro w pn-sented

(S e p t. IWit)) was very striku ig- T h e re was u o t s

0 P S H A T I0 N 8 IN T H E IK T E U IU IU fí:}

(ilougbt u f w arfare in one o f tk e se cenerai mouii- u io s or valleys. T lw enem y w m beatón o u t o f aighi, and tbe pesutant^oldicra in pdbsiu^ to th e ir quarte rs or bearing; di«pdtcbes th rough th e country« did not even tfcubie each o ther w hen they m e t w ith ** ^ u ie n vio« f AU w ero fiiendfi w ithin th e frontiers, aiid «oilLSle troubled b y “ the pressure from w ithout” Uiat I found them ac tive ly engaged tn w orks o f in* ternal im provem ent ; am ongst oUiers m ak ing an «x- cellent road for a r tille ry tb rougb tho V al d e A ndia from tbe V en ta d e ü r b a s a northw ard to th e lead­ing road Irum P arap e lu n a tu S alvatlcra and V itoria whicli runs tb ruugb the fe r tile valley o f th e n o n m d a . A long eouTHC o f Bucc«sshjdg;ivcr tb e Gtrlii^ts eon- fidcneo, and changed th e po licy (which was once essential to the ir ex istence,) o f d ism antling fu rtsan d cutQijg o lf comm unica tioiLs b y th e destruction of bridges, roads, àio. On a fpni c í i i ! T b e irS)'8lem of surveiiiante in th e in te rio r was also re ­if ie d in proportiou to th e security they felt. In *^y route throiig;U tiio en tire o f O uipuscou and K a- varre, from th e u o rlb eastem p o in t o f F u en ta ra b ia to Lo» A rcos iu the aoutbwost, I was o idy once stopped b y any one in au tho rity wbo deoiandcd ^ know m y business. T h is occurred in crossing ^ S ierra de A nd ia in the d ark , w here a n officer

tbo C arlU t D u u an c (one o f whom is placod on e&cb m ounlain track to reg iiU te tb e tran sit duties

0 4 VISE CULTURE IN KAVABEF.

accru in g lo eacli p ro rin c e ,) su o n re c o g n ise a n fo iia c r com rade o f hi& am ong tlte p a rty , aod nvásieA oii o u r a «am ple b o ttle o f i t e w ine o f N a v a wfifi a p re lude to o iir jo u rn e y tliithe r. N avarre tí iuderH tL e v ineyard o f the C arlists, a n d sKoy con- ic n a DiaofiiUy w ith ib e s».ublM>ru bilbs fo r ¡»poW of ea rth to Mick tb e fru ltfn i twljpi in . In Tiding am ongst th e v ineyards n ea r histólla, i t was tru ly deUghtfui to witnps» tho resultó and to co n tem p la» ib e e n e rg y and p e rse v e ra r ce t l a t led to them .

T b e rocks have first to b e ro lled h ith e r aiid ihU her, a n d p iled n p o u t of th e w a y ; th e n th e gricly sub&oll has 10 b e loosene.l b y p icks and fo rks ; after­w ards loaHa o f m anure h av e to b e e a rn e d up flighB o f rocky s t^ r s in double pai^niera form ed of m atting» rcsem W ing immeu&o pswrs of b re o c li« tie d a t tho kuecs, as th e y a it as tride the poor mules. T b e task o f uiipoviug th e S tran d iu fro n t o f Somer­se t H o u se a n d cu ltiva ting th e u n d er stratum» wonW b e child’s p lay cofuparcd W w hat I didly found th e N a v a rro « cheerfully accom plishii.g, and h ea lin g off a u enem y in to tlte bargsuu. A round E s te lla th e w heat an d b arley g ro u ad s sp read widely also , a n d the olive cultivation begins. T h e in ii t is sn^oll com pared w ith w hat is to b e fouud in ilie south o f S p ^ u a n d P o rtu g a l, b u t i t is n o t fo r waut o f in d u stry and a tten tio n . <Jom, w ine aud r>i\ cu ltu re a re to b e seen fo r m iles ab o u t tbe town

lyiii^ iu ptc}i*fs a t a ll elevations o n d ie s te ep aides of tbe im m ense 'JiorseUioe ra n g e o f the AmcM*>!is, which bounds tiie h o m o n in n early tw en ty points of the coinpasi, fo rrab ig >»iib the trac ts o f uatívc hea li, furze an d fern , a g a rm e n t o f as m any co lon« a» are pain tod iu JacoV a c o a t t h e som m it, com - posetl o f one msaa of wd^od perpend icu lar ro ck (on which ValiJes’ arm y m arcJicd f*'r tv»*o dayfj a n d a night before th e y could reocb a safe road lo de- w end), p resen tin g a wLiinsicnl resem blance to a «tendiug coUor. T h e w heat fallows b eneaib are beautifully cleaii, a ll ro o t w eeds beb^if carefu lly hoed n p b y h an d au<l b u rned iu heaps o n th e field. In ahorE» liie in te rio r p resen ts au adm irable p ic tu re rtf order, peace and cum fort, far beyond w liat I had been ta u g h t to g ive th e p e n i le o f a n y p art o f Spíúü cred it for. T h e Iron tier p resen ts a very

different p icture.

6 6 0 P E B A l l O K S O H T H E F R O N T IE R .

C H A I> T E R VI.

T h e sojourn o f D o u C a r l » and h is co u rt aC tf t tc l la saiTonlcd Dm a n o p p ortun ity of witncauDg o n th e s o u t h e n t fron tio r som« o f tb c effects o f the w arfare, from w hich the tfuergy o f the G trlis ts liad happU y f r e ^ th e g r« a te r p a r t o f N avarre. Aeeoro- paniod b y a eoap le o f officers I rode over tb e >tc^ne o f th e mo«t rec en t conflict, w incb t^ p ro a c h c d w ith b a m ilo of the tow n,— heard the delailR from num ­b ers w ho w ere ac tive participators o n the iJ tL and 1 4 th in sla iit, nod w iv th e re b y enabled to form » to le rab ly j o i t estim ate of tbe value ^ e troops upon bo th sides *et o u themseh-es« and the s ty le u i which th e y carried o n the w ar a t the m om ent. T h e C bristioos, o u tb e m o m u ig o f th e 10 th .September* advanced from th ro e po in ts o f the ir “ circle oi u i- v o so tu re ," a s tb e y te rm i t , In a s mDoy column«, each ta k in g a d irec tion w bich w ould re-un i le the cn iire a t E atella. 1 w asaasu ted th a t the ir nnm bera

amounted alW ifedier to 15 ,000 foot, 1 ,000 howc u d tw enty-tw o pii^ces o f caim on led b y lTribam*u and O tso. O n e colum n advanced from I-axaga, p lun­dering the villages io i ts F oute; sn thin colum n w ere •bont 2 ,000 o f th e A lg c r b e L e ^ o n draw n from cwtonmcnto a round I’am polu i» , w bo have alway« evinced a parlicu lar cxpertuess in th is b ranch of warfare. T h e ceu tra i co lum n cam e onw ard from L frin , plU aging th e villages o f D ica«diio , O te i ia and Lnguia, w hile th e th ird or w estern cnlum u marched o u t o f L odosa th rough M endavia, rifling llie inhftbilant* of C ognllo , Jxw A ruos a n d A rranLi. Betadim eDR from th e th ree cu lutnni also effect J& l I y stripped th e tow ns a n d villages o f M u ren s, M orexi- tin. A lio and A re llan o of a n y m oveable o f value wlueh they could la y th e ir hands o u ; p la te , lu ien , eWth, leather, shop jfood» o f a ll kindii, hor^tee, m ules, ttttW , aheep, p ig s a n d g o a ts ; th e y b u rned six lAonsei (two io MiireuR, tw o in A re llana, a u d one oear th e fo rt iif S an O rego rio ). 'I 'h e y atcicked ^his la tte r place a t uooi> w ith a ll th e ir canuoo, fo ar pound field p ieces a n d h o w itz e rs ; b u t though only d e fe n d s b y a sing le waD, an d w ithou t a rtillery , tie jr could n o t m ake th e least irajtrew iou o n i t ; P v ily ow iog to ita com m andijig position ou the ium tnit of a h ill, and p artly ow ing t*» th e very bed ♦ngioperiiig o f the C hris tino artillerym en , w hich is j&deed notorious. H e re th e colum o from Lodosa

68 n i c r n c A T o r t h e C H R i & n s o t t .

was m e t an<l boM lj a ttacked b y D o n P ablo Sum , w ho arriv ed w jtli ab o u t Ü,ÜÜ0 m e n only , and wítíi^ o u t a n y u u iü o ü d rove them b ack to L o s Arcos KÍS iu th e cTening; in a niueC disgracefu l rooU I .io n tcn an t A do lphs D 'A ^ y w bo led u com pany o f tb e C a rlis t F o re ig n L eg io n o n ly fifty-four in nunkbor, o h a ^ c d n t the p o in t o f th e bayonet 1 ,6V0 Spauiah ChTÍaidnoíi n f th is colum n, and chased (hcni du rin g a n h o a r and a q tia n e r , tiU b e Litd drives them four uillea from S an G regorio . T h e W» F o re ig n L eg io n s did n o t m ee t in tJkis a f ^ r , ch<»ec ill the service u f D o n C arlos w ere in th e west o f th e b a ttle , and L eb eau 's A lg erin es w ere on the east. O n th e seennd day , th e un ited furce»> o f the- th re e C Im stioo colum iis drove b ack th e tr if iin f furce w ith whicIi l^ ih lo San?: had succeeded in ehecking th e ir w estern a u d «(U-aoccd an fw as the Ultle > o o d on the brow o f th e IdlJ n'hick overhangs th e conven t o f Y rache , aud looks down in to EatelJa. B y this tim e D o u F rancis G arcía had c<»mc up w ith a reioforcem enC of 1 ,^00 Corlists«* M th e Chrintinos abandoned a ll id e a o f peoeiralÍQ ^ fu rther, (though tlieir a rran g e m en t ev iden tly con­tení p la ted the p lunder o f F ^ te lla a lso ), a u d re^ trea ted to tlie ir l i n e s I d all h as te w ith w h a t booty they had a lready collected i^^ leav in^ ab o u l 600 men h e n c o m h a t : o f thcso , s tx ty M'ere prisoners* I 'h e CarliátS) upon tlie ir »ide, xutfcred a grciss

kw of nhont 2 0 0 ; o f w hich tb e y c c u n t c d forty-one killed »fiH tL irty-seven pnRonerii.

T h e eoim trv n ea r O tc iza presum ed the first indi­cations o f npigliboiir))<K»d o f an eoem y. Fallow fields bearing tliick crope o f tlii&tles> sCtucIc th e eye, andprcflcntf'rf m a ttf r for m elanftholy reflection. T h f ftrm er Lad fled th e horrors o f d v i l warftirr*, o r oiore likelv bad alrc^ady M ie n in th e strife . H u t those wvre exceptions, fo r sevoral Holds arouud O iefza were w^ll filled « i th rip en in g rrtaizo or r in c s whicli still ev b ced tiie g rea te s t care» for up to (he d a y of ih? Chrisiino foray, th e husbandm iin had iiiduJged tlie hope y f rw ip in g th e rew ard o f h is to il. T h a t tow n had ^ e n tm w red on Ih c first day , th e 13th, b y tho « n tre colum n from L e r tn , d ie fo rt o f w hich lay full in view on ly tw o leagues off, in a v e ry «frong po^tioji on tb e top o f a conieal h ill. Ju u t before wo fodc Into th o v jllago, a rep o rt o f fresh m ovem ents o f the enem y liad arrived . L eb eau ’s A lg erin e L e ^ o u **efe moviDg westward across th e co u n try from r.arraga to Sestna aod C alahorra, re a d y o n th e one liftnd to oppose th e e o try o f G om ez in to N a v a rre ; while on the o ther th o y agau j mena4^ed L os Aroos and the coun try beyood> preparing;, i t w as said, to come w ith horses and m ules a rray e d w ith sacks, P®niere, &o., to ca rry off g r^ in , crops and w hai- erpr hjuj m eans or le isu re to c o n w y to ^ f i r lines on the prev ious Inroad. T L e inhabitants

o f O te iza w ere tUeri>fore bu sy in rem oTing touatA i Egtell« a ll ih n t t i e C hrirtiiK » had left, ai\A w e a w nobody ex cep t a few w om co, a trav e llin g monk, a n d tw o o r th ree soldiers o f ti»e P a riid a keeping wiitcH from th e brow o f th e h ill over th e bar# and ueg lcc ted tra c t o f conn try tb a t lay bclw oe» tLem a n d T.orin. W c first stopped a t the ho iW o f th e Firicvy a m a c o f g re a t conBideration in » S pan ish village, w here h e is physic ian , su ^ e o D and upotliefary» and in w hich hia house ib frequcn tly^j the T ery bo*t. A * a description o f one m ay suffice fo r a il, I shall se lect h is . K o t a cha ir, ta b le , be<l, p la te , kn ife o r napk in was left. T h o €hrisU D *i^| had em ptied the v e ry wanliing-tnbis a n d the only p iece of so ft goods th e y spared wus a skeiu of tliread , w e t in th e process o f b lcochinK ; th is they ta n g le d and th rew aw ay. T h e y b ro k e tho rioorsaflJfc; w indow -irons, rip jied u p doo r eases a n d old wall« in Bcarch o f h idden csish o r p la te , b u rned all the w ooden fu m iin re tJjey did n o t thinJc p roper V> incum ber thfioRelves w ith , th rew th e discarded py ts a n d pans iu to tbe draw -w ell in the bam, spilled th e m edieine a o d b roke th e bo ttles u» sh o rt, th e y d id n o t leave a p il l box in tb e Louie. T h e y d>on h ^ a c to s e t lire to the village, but w ere in te rru p te d b y P ab lo 8 au z a n d F . G arO * before th e y q u ite consum ed th e second hod^e. AU th e inhab itao ls had fled, ex cep t a farm er’s w ife who

was n rar h e r coufD em eut,— to o i ll to b e rem oved, ami » b o die<l n e x t d a y of th e effccW o f th o ir b ru ta l ridcncc. T h e doctor viu» bC ib^tella d u rin g our vnit, b u t bis la d y receivod w ith tru e Sp^iiisb sp irit M d hosp ibd ity ; she was n o t in the l e ^ t cast down or pot o u t o f h e r w ay, a n d show ed ok round the Cbm riao im provem euts’' in b e r abode, w ith mor«* of fortitude and prac tica l philosophy th a u 1 could have supposed possible. S he d id n o t w ant our p ity , but she could well apprecia te o u r sym pathy i a h er m dignadou; and hav ing m ade u s s i t dow n on th ree cbairs, (b ro u g h t from a v illage th a t lay o u t o f tbe lioc of m arcli on th e ItSth and 14th) sh e prepared *onie cliocolatc fo r us, laughing; a t th e absence of her own cups, m ill, Coasting fork and a ll th e aids o f

cookery, w hile ev e ry to n e and gesCnre said plainly euongh , “ I shall see a day fo r a ll th is t" Wo a « p a r i^ , ren d e riu g *‘ m u c J u j t g n x c i o J ' to th e Seaora« vlm iriiig h e r happy r lastic ity o f m ind, a u d en»y- ^ the doctur noCwitlistauding hJs em p ty houne. A ftontier viUag;o in a civil in S pain is an E^icellent school for housekeepers. A la d y lb e re is afforded so m any o p portun ities o f p ra c tid n g lo be “ n iis ti«* y f h e rse lf th ough C h iua fiill," th a t a t

she roay b e fa irly pronounced “ fiD isbed/'^ 0 0 Cfirloa v isited th e w ounded th e sam e dav the coDvcnt o f Y rache , an d h ig h ly gratified

bravo fellows b y bia generous sym pathy and

72 A MILITABY HOSPITAL.

th e bouQ ty bo dispensed. H e visited ev e ry de- parODcnC accom p»iiied h y th e In fa n t D o n Scl tiau , G eo e ra l U ra n g a , tL e V ica r-G en e w i Uo« Eehavarria» C o lonel D o n F rancio M e try aod Don,

V illavieensio hi« cbamberlaiTiR, a n d the caf'*

ta iu of the R o y a l G u ard , Ocbao. A n affectii scene took placc jn s t th e n . A w onndcd gren« d ied in ib e a rm s of b is wife wbo bad firrived T isit Lim, a n d the poo r w om an w as incousoUk D o n C arlos eodeavD nrcd to com fort Ler b y a n addi* tlonal pTcsent o f te n doilars, T b e w ounded ui«p a i d i f th e y coa id on ly see tb e K iiig every dsy th e y aliould soon g e t wcU.

In th is Ciinvent, w blcb bad b«on oonrertecJ in w : h i» p ita l fo r tbe fron tier, I saw a ll tbe wniuided couv- fo rU bly provided w ith separate beds a n d a^ id iH onaly a ttended b y th e S iste rs of C h a rity uitnc to t i e coovent. T h e re w ere 120 j n x t fellows ecrft- veyed hi (her afte r tb e action , seven so sever w onoded th a t tb e y d ie d sooo after, b u t eertaiol] u o t f» r w an t o f good care, fo r I n ev e r saw soldi« in K ng land b e tte r p rovided for, an d tLey cxpr< tbeinsolvcs p erfec tly satisfied w itb th e ir »ur^ and b is trea tm en t. T b o y ©ccnpied the en tire a u d gccoud floor o f Uie g re a t <]uadranglo, built around ft fonnGiin w bicb waH perjie tua lly pliij*^ in tb e oeu tre . N o t a m an lay on the g ro u o d floci^ A lm ost ev e ry one tb a t w e spoke to was w ouude4 m

the Of O n e m iserable fellow fu rlsed aA g u ia r e}(coption. H e «'as »hot th ro u g h th edieeks for tbe th ird tk o e ; j e t ao d i h th e perse-venng »pirit th a t an im ates a ll nu iks, 1 should nntbe Burpriftcd to learn th a t, o d g e ttin g w ell agfuQ> helud rcn tared iu tu a fou rth b a ttle , a lthough h e willuudoiibtedly have hin p ese ta (lO d.) a d a y for lite.llieso peusiuns D o n C arlos iud iscrim lnate ly allowsfor wounds and db tliigu lshed bravery,

I saw an Eogliehinan in th e hoepltal, w ho assureda » iliat he was sufferiitg v io len tly from th e rheu -iBactsiD, although 1 nev e r saw a m an w ho looked inbetter healcli! l i e said th a t h e had b een broughtto St. Sebasdun as se rra n t to C a p t ^ —___ who,

he g o t him there , m ade him serve iu tlieand also gave h im n o w'ajfcs. I n gratitude,

Itf galloped off with th e cap ta iu ’s h e r « to th e C ar-1*«^ aud Mas p laced as a L an c e r in th e F oreign

ao tii tw o P olacks o f tho sam e com pany>t into th e ir beads to gallop off to the C hris-when h e was d isiouunted le s t h e should follow

‘heir example. H e com plained grievously o f this“ •rtrust, Btill m ore o f som e arrea rs o f pay whJcli•e ro doe to h ira , declared h is in ton don o f request-

passport as ouoo aa h e was ab le to walk^ ^ e w if d i th rough F rance , a n d b is convictiou of‘ e propriety o f allow iug tbe Spaniards on both

«8 to fight i t o u t w ithout b is assistance. M ean- ''OL.i,

7 4 A p n r . s m p a t i e n t .*

tim e, I have d o do u b t th a t h e fociiid Chc r l k c u m a t i M ;

very convenient an d sa lu tary . 1 sew ano ther p** tienC o f a d ifie reu t stam p, who la y deaperutetj^^ c u t u p a o d unab le Co m ove a lim b, b u t whoM darit ^y es glow ed like coaU o f Arc, w hile h e re la ted how h e w ho bad b een a serJeanC fo r to n years in the F re u ch a rm y had« on jo in lo g th e Curljbts, for wao( o f h is papprs, b eeo offered Chn ra n k o f coi " M on iH e u ! N o n f 7 'outou Hen P ' H e Lad b e a p riva te e ^ i n I Zn fiict h e w as se rv in g as suck 1 w hen h e w'ai w ounded.

T h e RcLsqiie a u d Navarrosri w om eo a]>peftr »m a k e excellenc nurses. N o fa lse notions o f clelii in torfero w ith tb e ir indispenpable &ervlcet: they kuow th a t th e su rgeon roust am pu ta te an^ a rm s '^ tlia t h e ^anCs Chctr assistance, and tiiey ren d e r i t cheerfully . N ot know ing th a t th e y have nerves, they scM ora iuuiC, aod th e w ouuded at« a tten d e d a ll th e b e tte r fo r th e ir hardlesst. Tb* S iste rs o f M ercy a n d o ther monjeui whose role« p e rm it th e m to TisiC and :ict«ud tb e sick, d e ro « cbetcselvee to the Cask w ith an ea ru esto o tt and

elBcncy w hich omnoC b e su ffiden tly adiziired. Mai»? o f these a rc cducsited and h igh ly iu te l l lg e n t Wh«* i th e y ta k e charge o f an hospital, ev e ry th in g is sure ]| to p ro fper. T h e ir conscientious reg u la rity ooA ^ bcnevo leu t a tten tio n , cffeci, perhaps, m ore for the« p a tien ts , th a n g rea te r sk ill secuuded b y m e re mere«*

nary aUcnHaoce can accuoiplLsh in E iiglanrf. S u r­geon, apoiLecary a n d jm tien t a re ^ 1 confideut in Uie walcbful care of th o S is te r o f M prey . She adzttiuisters (lie cop o ( b o p e n ith onok& od,aDd iha t o f rerignatioii w ith Uw o ther. S lie b rin g s to the Gufcrei^s pillow every atUuoablc ea rlidy comfort an i spiritual consolation ; and in short, i f a cu re be posable, efiectx it. T hose excellen t w om en ca r t- ftilly atteuded the hospital a t Yniche» and w ere of incalculable beuefit to tbe suffercra ia th e ac tiou of tl»e iJJth S eptem ber, before m eudoncd 5 b u t as doy broke on the m orn ing o f th e 14th , tb e y found tb a t the eaem yw a» iu force descending the Iieij^hts;

a fresh com bat was in progress a t th e ir unde- fruded gates, ao d th a t th e ir frieitd:« w ere gtvijig *»y before them , l i e C a rb s t soldiere w ere a t tbat m om ent ca rry ing th ree w ounded com rades lo t ie bospitaJ, b n t tb e L an cers o f th e enem y e h a j^ u ^ ' ^*71 in num bers, obliged tb e m to fly aud lea^ e iliem ou tbe spot, w here tb e y w ere d e lib era te ly cu t I® pieces b y th e C hrlsdno cavalry . T h o Carlints »1 the h o ^ ita l saw th is I w r id b u tch ery g o in g on sJniost under th e ir windows, and all wh<i could leave tbeir b^ds, rushed dow n Co escape b y a postern, ^■ p^ ting fiimihir trea tm e n t ev e ry m om ent a t th e ^ o d g o f tb o ferocious victors. 1 'h e Siatere o f ' ercy still stood b y the beds o f th e h e lp lc » and

calmly aw aitiag th e ir fat**,— perhaps to be

76 T B J A L S O F T H E S I S T K R S O F M m C Y .

b urned alive witL d ie w , fo r d ie ChrislinoB, whercTet' d ie y pKiKseil durin jf th e fo ray w ere conm im iog all J tb e C arlist p ro p e rty th e y Lad n o t tim e to pluiidi QTid csirry «fF, a u d did n o t spare th e L o a a « tb»t beld i t F o rtn n a te ly d ie CarlLjt generals» F nu ids G arw a and T ab lo Sanz L astcning u p a t th e mo­m e n t w itli roinforcem ents, p reserved th e LosjiilaJ, and a ll its innuiie« from th e unpeudiog; Hcsiructiaa.« M y v isit occurrw i on ly s is days aflcrw aids, w hen I w as a pleaflfy! specta to r o f th e q u ie t b a t cease le« l devotioL o f the good sb to r8,a n d th e atteu iion , order a n d neatness w hich th e ir w atchful k indness ciibured th roughou t th e eslAhlishmeut w here 12 0 poor fel­lows la y en d u rin g ev e ry varie ty o f pain. TL« g ra titu d e an d confidence o f tkc sufferers w ere no6 les« ohvious and deligh tfu l, au d I Ic^ft the cfjrt’ v en t w ith th e conviedoo th a t d v i l w ar had a ltoge ther e x t i o ^ a h e d C hristian charity in th il “ red land.” M a n was indeed d o b g h is iitnioii to b rio g a hell upon e a r th ; b u t th e re w efe yet lin g e riu g on i t Rpirita o f a fioer, p u rer, uobler o rder, whose exam ple and influence still preMfv«d a portion o f the blessiugs d esigned fo r i t b y Lea>*e*i*

eu R i m N O S Y S T E M O P TAB F A B E . 77

C H A P T E R V II .

I t fu llj' nppeared from the m ovem ents of the Cbriu(ui<»^, both on ihe uorchern and sou tbern froii- liers, tiiat the ir po licy w as coofioed to ]>lundcr and devastation; hopeloss as tlie y w ere o f p en e tra tin g " ith any o ther effect in to th e te rr ito ry occapiod by the C arüs» . O n (Le sam e day th e y issued froiu ^ i r »uutliern lioes, a so rtie fo r a s im ilar purpos»*

made from S t SebasciAn, and G en e ra l Evans had l i e honour o f cn a c tiag “ w ar to ü ie cottage” aad burn ing n few b am s uiuler tL e pro tec tion of the iort. D u rin g the eaancnade 1 was lid iiig along; the ^<*d from I ru n to I le m a n i, w here I liappeued to n^eoi ao illustration o f th e morale o f tbe forco.w hh "'hich E vans was a t tl ia t m om ent endeavourb ig Ut ^ispoose th e b lessings o f peace and good o rder in ^P^û> aûd associated a s th e cannoaade wa.s w ith ‘be rencontre» I tL iak 1 shall o e re r f o ^ t them.

Guipusooau foot «oldier m archeJ a b u g , escorting e 3

7 8 ANOT/ÍEB í.lUÍIOíJlTfi.

a n ug l} ' iinâhareii fellow w ithou t COAt» 1liâ t o r shoes, a n d d ir ty boyond a n y th li^to b e seen in Spuíit» b u t w hich, from m y of sim ilar spcctacloe in droves o n th e h ig h roads uf rm iic e , 1 recognized a t ouce to b« a d eserter th e W estm iujiter L eg ion . H e tu ld m e tb a t h e wag a iiadve o f C ork , and bad b een serv ing in Su S«> bastian u n d er Colonel SKiw, b n t n o t lik in g th^ treauueD t h e received, b e cam e aw ay. B u t bow h c cam c aw ay, o r w hat h e had doue w ith Lis armM* “ hp disrem em bcred qpiie.” A ll h e k new wa^ thai b e had b een u ea r sta rv iug , had sold b is jackcl to ob ta in b read . l>eforc th e Roldicr took charge of him , Lo supposed th a t by -an d -b y he would sooa be b rough t safely Lâck to S t. Sebn£tian, aod fdr> ih c r, h c w an ted som e tobacco ! T lie poo r wretcfc actua lly did u o t koow int^» whoso hands h e had ia tlen , and« i f th e B osquet eould bave understood I ium« wuuid L ive efiectuallv am d em n ed himself. I ^ v e h im the hefet adv iec 1 eould th in k of, aitd a frauc tob<icco to h e lp )iiiu to re to en ib er ii« vi& w hen Lc reached I ru o , to re q u e s t Sefior G arcia W send h im hom e to K o g l ^ aga in th rough T ra n « w ith tbe re s t o f b is eomrtules« au d to say as Httl« ^ possible ab o u t Lis expectations of re tu rn io g to St. Sebastiao.

F rom th e cxortjoue o f the C hristinos on th« sou thern fron tier to help them selves, i t was easy ^

T H E C A H L I S r C O U M I S A K I A T . “ i*

th a t (bey Lad lit tle iiop« o f rece iv lo ^ any frnm M adrid lb tLe auC uioiul ca jopaiga. A fort­night previous, thoy Lad lev ied » uuutributiou of 7,000 dollars on tLe tow n o f M cndigornA , in whlcb they kep t a fo rt ^ r r i s o u ^ by four c o m p a u i^ of 100 men eacb. T b ese prudrnC w r i o r f i used to shu t themeelvcs up v e ry safe ly in ib e ir citadel every oighc, w b ik t tLe C a r l is ts wLo wiU ru n a l it tle risk {*f jpjod w ine, en te red iLe tow n in tbo dark tn parties o f a du2en to b riog iC os rations, leaving C4iiy in re tu rn tLe o m a l o rder a n d rec e ip t o f the SM tvtary o f W ar in tb e nam e o f D o n Carlos. T h«y fe lt tL at i t w ould b e q u ite an in s iJ t to tbe CMiKc to th in k o f p ay iu g laouey for it.

O i l the 25tL o f S ep tem ber, I jo in e d a p a rty to visit Ciraoqni aod Ma£i(?Pi, and the new fron tier fo rt ot ^ l a B arbara, eroctecl tn commiiud tb e road irom M»*mligorria a n d P u o n ta U U ey n a to Lstella, ®u a liUl overlooks tbe C hristine lin es forQUles around. W e rode along the fine old H om an rcwd tjircugL LilU on w hich n o t a p la u t excep t tlie ^ine and olive w ere lo b e seen, ( th o harsh jprayclly **>¡1 being absolutely I>are o f gra&s,) tiU w e cam e to Ciraoqui, 0 larg;c v illage in a stro n g position, *>n ^ «op o f a liill, garrisoned b y th e A rragonese ^f<»e m entioned. F u rth e r on w e fouud 150 o f Uie KoriMgu Lcg^oa uuder th e eom m and o f G en e ra l Zftrategui. H e re F re n c h , G erm ans, ItaUans, and

X 4

]*urCugu«se m iji^ led Iu s tr ik in g coatraats. TJgk eyp« and fa ir l>air prodommoCsd. T h e m.ijorit w ere of g rennd ier statuxe» a u d a ll w ere cliaracCera

b y an a ir o f m ilita ry cxppncncc— h a lf fcrocity , half wjnchaUauxt— ind ica ting tL elr eapabilities not in tb e lipid b u t in tlie h i i x iu a c , and tb e u«c o f k eep in g up a v ery s tric t discipilne Up p re ^ rT e is fu ll efficieuLy a ll th e ir la te n t destn lc tivendH till i t conld b e le t Iookp on tb e C h ris tin e bdttalic L was assured Oiat wben 5iirly before th e enem y m en behaved m ore bravely . W e n e x t proceeded up th e b ill to th e fbrt^ consisting o f alflTgc Rtoue b o u e of a aiagle s to ry a i id a sleep iiig loft b i tb e tiled siirro u rd cd b y a w all p ierccd n i th loop holes, and t fiwse. M a n t is w ere com pleting an addlUonal bfii^ fion a t th e corner overlooking P u e n ta la KeyuHt an d a p la tfo n a for cannon on tbe spur o f tbe moun- Ctin w hich faced M enrligorrla . I t ix a n iiaportsn t sta tion , a n d w ith a tw en ty -four pounder monnted oil tb a t eio ineuce could com m aiul n o t on ly th e val** le y o f th e r iv e r A rg.i, be tw een tbosc tw o (owus» b u t a n ew fo rt w hich th e ChrijtUno? w ere prK'tioj^ cp p o d te on the w estern b an k , b u t a b o u t 900 feet lower. B esides overlookiug th e tw o planes before m en tioned , itaffordii a view o f a dozen o thers in the bauds o f th e C hris tino^ itid u d iu g Artajoua? LeriD* aud a corner o f L a r ra g a w hich lie* alm ost Ind<le* b y an ad jacen t b i l l W o saw j u 9t under us the

place where tb e bnicnto<l C ap ta in E e jD a killed b y a wirdc Irom P u e o la U R ey n a , w hile w orklug t i e cannon h e ItaH hunscif, unaided, cast am ong tbe b ilk w iJi w hat bra<w and copper k>Cs and keities bo could collect^ a t a tim e w hen Zum alacarrogni W not a uiiglft p iece o f ordnaiice, und had wo rwnpy ty purebase a n y . T h o C briaiinos took *xn uol lo pass SanCa B arbara a few days p re ­viously w hen tbpy crossed tlie A rg a to p illage ibe Carlist iponrier adjoiuitig .

R eturn ing toward« E ste lla b y moonlij^lit, we P***ed the A rragouese sen tinel a t C iraoqui, doing Jufy in h is own fine head o f h a ir instead o f a fm i/w ; hat be did n o t m ind it— “ H t w ten t i ^ p o kermoto f" siMti he hi exp laaatjon— “ T h e w eatlicr i» m verv fiop?" W e m et a battalnm o f th e gaide« o f N avnrre itm beron , ta k b g i l o rood to tb e fron tie r, accom- ptoied by G enera l FraOt^9 G arcia and k is staff, ben t

9a expediiiou sicroes the A rg a to raise recruits, *od levy retribn tivo contribu tions in A rtajona. Ttc* battalion waa m arcbing b i double file along

road, one a t each side , fo r th e benefit o f the ^ p ^ h en t fritone patlm 'ays, s in g in g m errily to th r fcvoiiritc NavaTrcse a ir w hatever w ords they pleased. K very province has an a ir o f its ow n, and

» c h of them ends w ith a k in d o f Yodolcn ' ^ « 6 , the singers have little difficult) m adap ting *^y words, foolish or w itty , th a t m ay occur a t the

t 5

63 A N I G H T . V A R C H .

m o m e n t— som« exW mporUo Tory c l e w ly . On« fellow so n g to \6% g u ita r , ano ther had a (rian| a o d ihey strum m ed and jinglcH w ith g re a t gwsd w ill, w liilc ev e ry loan wichlji liearu ig ^ehon is o r 4aughed a t h is fpllnw’s jo k e , bis co«l h an g in g on hl^ a rm or O i l liis m osket, as i f h e feh th e b rig h t m oooUght too su ltry , T h o poal:^ of#>T^ a n d Ifloghter w ere , how ever, d iow oed tiie moiM* th e y passed, b y the eh lrp ing o f m illions of locostk and ^agshopporR in th e vines around. T h i J ' vuUiiDg a u y day^song of bird^ Í ever hea rd in (he fields o r woods o f Isngland. P easan ts aud (heir wi>-es rid in g double, followed, jo in in g in th e chonu. A s I looked back , 1 cuuld hard ly b«;Ueve tb a t f h w revellers w rre m arch ing on a n igh a ttack . T b iy could scarcely have b eeu m ore careless i f g o in g t* w altz in d ie P la z a B e a l u n d e r the baleony o f Do« C arlos, w ith th e patrio tic S eñoritas o f tJi< villa* B u t a ll was safe, fo r d ie y w ere w ithin the ir o«* Im cs w here ev e ry soul was eo th u ^astlo a lly Carlif^ F o r m yecif, I rode th rough th o m idst o f the nifrry batta lion w ith g re a te r ease than ever I m ade my w ay th ia u g h a B ritish re g im e n t b i e ith e r s tree t or highw ay, T h o re w as n o siilklnoas, o r m u tte riu g iu su lt, o r ferocious jou tliog o f m y puzzled mill«? while she th readed h e r w ay th ro u g h th e arin*^ crow d; although h er rid er’» on ly s ig u of natiot was the b lu e boyna h e woro. In d ee d I eould

C H A R A C T E R O P T H R B A R 2 U E S . 6 3

b«TC u t íd p a ie d tíie e x te n t o f tb e activo a» w ell as fMiUteiiess I experienced in m y to u r 3 al-

ibough from tb p q u an tity o f p ruden tia l advice tra n i- Biitted t4> m e b y k in d trieuds relative lo a “ tbou- •and aod o n e ” p e c a u t io n s indispensable to be adojited, I füiuid d w t roaiiy people in E n g la n d and r » n c c considered tb e coun try a t tL e otKcr side of tiie P y renees as ra th e r a dang;erou9 p o rt o f tbe world. Kow tbia ii a g re a t m istake, a?« far as I h M an opportunirj' o f penetra tln )f a n d o W r f i n g ; aud we X proceed fa rth e r in m y narrative, 1 w ish to set tbp Sceptical reader's m ind a t ie« t o n th a t poiut.

D uring the t'onr m onths w hich I spen t in N a ­varre, A U va, B i ^ y , a n d Guipu&coDf 1 nev e r m et with tbe sligh test inau lt o r in ju ry , th ough qn ite urtam od, Crequeutly traveU ing a lone, and n u t p a r­ticularly on m y guard c ith e r by n ig h t o r day ^ i n » t b e in g robbpd and ea ten , a lthough 1 heard BoiQe very nervous ta le s c f wi>Ive¡^ an d bears ferodous as M in a and R od il, uud of a b an d o f fo rty robbers w ho liad m ade hundreds stand aod deliver in the m ountain» of ü oipuspna, curing n e ith e r for O irlos o r C hrifltina; w ith a full, tru e , and p articu lar ¡ ^ ^ u n t of )iow tb e peop le hud h u n te d and taken them a ll ju s t before I a ir iv e d ; and how tb e y had «nercífully beaten the forty thievea to d ea tb witl» «w ka; a n d how th e fair a n d felse cap ta in o f the bri^auds was discovered to b e a la d y ; a n d bow

E 6

sb e p leoded tïtn t » h e was n o b« tt« r thftn she ahoa h o ; a iid Low sbo was thcrcb}* saved from bum rouy execution an d comiDttled to prison to abide lim e,— wL«nce I suppose tbe Btory will u o t b ring Ler forth fu r n iü e year^ to com«? ; all fo r tb e edlficati o f iravoUcrs ! S peak ing m ere ly frora w y own porii‘noo, I cflQ say tb a t a a E n g l UIi m an m ay travei v e ry safely and p leasan tly tb ro u g h tbe B asque l* r^ v in o « and K avarre , p rovided h e k e e p bi» eyes ainl ear» upen a n d h is m outh abut« a n d docn n o t i p o rd n en tly t>et h im self u p to cnn trad lct ib e p opinion Oiac E ii^ lislim en aro aU drunkards, wbo M'iU M il th e ir ahlrt«, sboes or ja ck e ts fo r a b o t t l e d w ine : and tb a t EngU«b w om en w ill se ll tb e ir cbi^ d rc n for a rea l (‘¿ frf.) a pieeo, o r the equ: thereof, in a^tiardicnie. T b e liigber olasseft vi CarlistR wh<i bave trave lled and seen otJier sam p le of IftÿlüJtes th^n tbose le t loose upon tbe oou»t B ilboo, S t. S ebastian aud P a s d a |^ , ta k e a w Lat diiFeront v iew o f o u r natio iud obaractcr, a asceudiug to iLe b « t inform ed, D o n C arlos dccU«« chat no tb iug w ould plea&e h b n m ore th a n to E n g lith gen tlom en freely traro llH ig th rougb tbe coun try and ju d g in g for them selves i f the p e u ]^ M'ihbed to be ru led b y M a rla C bri» tiua and M eudi- »idjal? and i f th e re bo th e sligh tost chance ^ e i th e r o r bo tb (with I ^ r d Palm erston to aiti) t'om* p e llin g tb e in to do w hat tb e y do n o t like, f lo ''^

CPCT, I should n o t roeom oiend a n y o f o u r specula- ÜTC sratoamon, po litical ecouomiâl», theore tic legis- latorA, o r abstract geutti^es o f a n y class, to ven tu re on Ù BaiMjue pereg rina tion . A traveller rausC ii&bitually have au ey e to the ¡^rsctical to g e t o n at ail eomfoftahly th o r t. 1 crossed tlie fro u tie r w itb an eye to the p ic tu resque a n d an o ar to FnonCara' hian echo«*, rcflej?tiüg ou tbe cousequeoces o f the «bang« in the S pau ish law o f succession, Lord Pblwereton’s n o n -in ttr re n tio n hoax , a n d sucb like

Ù prnpoi/ m a tte rs ; b u t long before I re-crossed tb? Bidassoa I had learned to becom e alive to tbe W »en t iustead o f the nbsent— to look to roy d inner »nd m y saddle b i^ s , m y m ule a n d h e r s]ioes, aud to stand b y to p ledge h er (SaJton Myle) w bile »be

A^ to drink in^f» th a t wna h er ow n aJfajr, aud Dot being a L eg io n ite boffope she n ev e r m ade a • « a a t o f herself. T b e trave lle r w ill find t h e views fr'im the top» o f the m ountains tru ly u iagniâcen t, He » il l v e ry p robab ly discover th a t b e lias puued n splendid ap p é tit« b y the ascen t, w ithout *ny likt'lihood o f g rrtttfy ing i t in such etherea l '^^•ons, u iJcss h c discovers som eth ing to th e p u r­pose iii his own knapsack. H e will also find very ^ e d i l y tha t th e re is h u t one d in n e r bou r iu every P>y»afiay which, b k e a hiw o f th e M edes nnd P e r -

ifl, when onco passed, irrevocable. T h e variation o f la titu d e in tb is m erid ian (for

6 6 D A N C 5 E B 6 o r T H E P I C l t 'R E S Q U E .

i t canno t prop«?rly b e called rim ner) la froiD twelr« til l one o’clock, w b atc rcr b e the lo iig itude of d»e pkiccj 9<> th a t llkc p ic tu resque uud lo a ^ if ic e i i t hud b e tle r alw ays bo reserved fo r a deit*eri. A s tat d angers, tìn*re a re really nim e, If, ds I said befor* tLe tourist w ill oo ly k eep Lia e tm and e y e s opea. B u t ail exam ple is w urlii fi cobiran o f advice.

T o th e suuU i-tast o f E ète lla o n extraordii sharp 9pU ntiry ritlge o f rock r ises in pinnacles, « le c f wbicb» overhanginjf th e tow n, is surm ounted by an iron crucifix ab u u t d x te c n fee t li%b» o rnnm ented i w ith scrull-w ork a n d visible a t a ooiifeiderable <1Ì> ta rc e . I t n a e p laccò th e re to com m em orate ti» crow 'uing v ic tory guJned b y th e an c leu t Chris&ws K n ig b tt o f NavTirrt* over tb e M oors w ho had bulk a fortress on tb e very spot, th e ru in s o f wKicL are still to b e seen. O f course I clim bed n p l* exam ine i t and on joy a v iew o f tLe Auiescoas aixl th e ad jo in ing co u n try , b u t ecaiccly Lad 1 s trad ie i m y se lf w illi ti»e a id o f th e cross (passing m y arms ro u n d it» and ho ld ing o u a g ^ o s t th e effort« of t)»e trcQclicrous p iuaaclc-squalls w bllst ad jn stm g *” >' telescopi?) w hen 1 L eard a do*cn voices below» slioutiug ou t, ** A h n jo f Ah<^o P* (D ow d ! D ow n !) aj)d looking tow ards the base o f the cliff. J beheU th e guards a t th e n earest c ity g a te po in ting abo*i* a dozen m iiskete a t m e, the ir b r ig h t borrWi fiashing iji m ost undesirable c o u v e ^ c n c y ***’

pye, which fo rtu u a tfly was w ide aw ake. I felt iKai I wad doiiig so rrrtjiiu g wrong- ( i. e. dattgorou») up lie rc , RO I iu s tac tly squa tted o u t o f s ig h t on a Httle tabular s{>aDo a t th e fi>ot o f th e cross, and contented m ysolf w ith a panoram ic view , die foregTounri o f which Mas ra d ie r d istan t an d did ne t includ«; th e cit)* g a te . 1 found ou m y deeccnt, that I had beeu uneoiiscioosly a c tin g ih e forbiddeti part o f a C hristino Cclegraphic sigoal (pcrhapt» inyrting them to a ttack E stc iia fo r w hnt I knew ,) and tba t d ie g u ard dpspairing o f “ u a k in g tn«*

(as th e y say in IreJaud) b y an y th in g could u tte r a t such a diittfince» w ere on the

P*Hut of signaliz iag m y descent b y w hat a m ilita ry friend calls “ a p la ton ic fubillade.” W hUe tbe ChrUtinos h e ld E ste lla , these rocks w ere the cauNe

much annoyance to chom, T h e O ir lis t m arks­men w ere alw ays o p ther« t firiog in to tht? city , and daily picking; o ff m en on du ty a t th e gates or

parade in th e sqnares. B efore a coluinn could “* fch , ihe roorn iag w ould b e lo»t d islodging th e P®*taferou* p a r tid c from tL e lodge d ia t o rcrliung

rood j i f th e captors abaaduoed i t a t u lgh t, ‘Here was every p robab ility o f th e C a rlls t pca-

rep ea tin g th e dose n e x t m orning. I f tb e « n itin u s left a com pany outride th e walls to keep

f* * ^ » io n o f tlie plfice, th e re w as a to lerable cer-

tiu n ty o f ha lf o f them b e ic g sho t before siinrise* ,

UTifi tb e o th e r ha lf afte r iUT b e y g o t o u t o f th e difficulty b y ahandoo in j

E s t f l l a aud the K ock o f th e M o o r togetU cr, a n d ,

trtivellers w ill a c t w isely u i foregoing tho a p p e a l « ! » ' •.f any th io (i like a a a tte m p t to ta k e poshes«wi of e i t l i c r . A prcpo4 o f rou^^ket biirrels, I 'v o s fonocrly a s trong ad v o « ite o f the K npbab p rac tice of brow nuig, a s peculiarly adTauUigoous i a “ t i e s u rp m in ^ system ” o f m ountain an d forest w »rftre w hich th e CarlistA carry o n ; (a m arch hav ing fre­q u en tly b een di«covercd a t n in e m iles’ diRtaace by the reflection o f th e ir b rig h t surfaces), b u t s in « m y p ilg rim age to th e foot o f tb e cross o f Esteil»J have becom e an a lte red m an , a iid m ade i t a point to exp ress m y adm iration o f tl^e brilliau t cfFeclof the polished barrel. I s incerely hope n o m eddling reform er will a ttem p t an altera tion in tiiis respect, for 1 owe m y life ou an o th er occasion lo tb e balf- ijua rte r-m inu te 's pre;>aratjon w hich th e flash of a b a rre l affotdcd m e one n ig h t in D u ran g o ore the flash o f th e pan followed to netile m y accoun t,and save me ihe tro u b le o f tak in g a n y fu rth e r proeautiouR. A r th e io tndont is h igh ly illustrative, 1 shall ta k e tho lib e rty o f re la tin g i t b o re , and th e n resum e my narrB tire wich m ore reg a rd to th e o rder o f events.I w ai goinff ab o a t tw o bourB afl<-r dark to sec a

frl«rKl a t tbe poaoda one in O e-wb<ir ju s t before we ae t o u l w ith \ l l l a H ea l fo r fhe

of B iiboa. I l i th e r tu th e t4>wu had b een ex ­ceedingly trnnquil. 1 h a d nev e r heard an suigry word in Lou»e or s t r e e t ex cep t wbac a poor ^m plc ton , who fftnciod him scK an A lcalde, u sed to bestow on tho lu tle m ucbievous buy» wbo defied bis au tho rity il l for fijn. T h e re wns n o t p re r ie u s ly n g u ard to hu seen, ex cep t a t tlie palace door,— th e sta te draving.room a n d in th e s tre e t o n S undays and fe«)ivaJ days, to accotnpr^ny the K in g tiieuce to chtircb aud b ack i ^ u u . B u t now th e bustle o f prepantdon was beard, cannons, nm m unition and «niJlery M'agg<iiis from O iia te , ra ttled th rough the Jnarket place, bound fo r th e siege , o r b a ited for the nighr » ¡ tb th e ir guard» in a n y of th e public butidltigs ib a t could accum m odate them . H ow ­ever, not a tip sy or d iso rderly m an was visible, and nothing tiia t I cou ld see ind icated tJie neces­sity of tak ing finv pnrticuJar p recaution . T h e 8tr<?cts w ere pery q u ie t ab o u t the hou r 1 sallied from •oy lodging iu G o im CaiU, a n d I bea rd ho th ing itirn u g ijji ^ pfyig s tre e t b roogb t m e w itb in '^ew of th e dim k ro p w hich m arks tlic c o m e r of the Ca*a rfe V illa , w hen , for tb e firs t tu n e in the

jirovinces» I h ea rd tb e vw ee o f som ebody ^«•'Telling and scolding. “ L e t tbem fight i t o u t ^ tw o ^ n tUeroBelves,” though t I , as I approached

tb e Spot w here som ebody w as, like Isaac She g n im b lip g a u d g rtin tu ig m h is g izzard audibly.

“ l ‘h a t fellow’s sw earing iu linsqueiise, and couJd do n o good b y in te rm edd ling iti the row. N’l nft ?— L e t tbem figbt i t o n e !—

T h e y w h o 1q ^ n r r e k in i ^ p p o « ,

M a ; o f ip n w f jR • U o o d ; ^

* * D e m v n i o / h o m h r * ! / p ty rq u e « f o « « u n a v t i g 9 ^ ^

waa m y cxclfimdtiou '¿ji I cam e opposite the Isop , * and ca u g h t a g lim pse o f a sen tine l tak in g aim \ ^ rae w itb bi» ]>ayonot W m y breaitt. “ Demortio * ' re to rte d be, low eruig b is p iece to a position in w h k i ) *,I SQW w ith d e lig h t ibAt b e vrts on ly g o in g to r o m e th rough . “ >V'by tb e dev il did’n t yon fcply » ' a ll m y challenges / I gave you w arn ing a i^trcert longdj offj a n d h e re you cc m r Ut b e sh o t as i f ytrt had n o t ca rs to h ea r ^ u ie n v i v t i f ’ 2 a^j^oag^ th e fellow’s w rath by a candid coiifession of my stup id ity— it b e in g tb e first tim e T was evcrtbai* longedf &c., a n d find iug tb a t 1 was tio t a p rac tie^ jo k e r, bo k in d ly wished m e p^gsa uaied buenf^ A rriv in g a t m y friend’s lodging, I was serioiiiJy asauied th a t 1 had a m in tculcus escape, and ll'»* th e m an o u g h t to have abut, o r e t c h e d roe a t least, fo r approaching lum w ithout speaking . K ver after­w ards I m a Je i t a p o in t w Jieuever I heard w j* th in g lik e a quarrelsom e iu tc rroga tion b y o ig h t« d«y— w iietber in s lree t, field, cam p, o r b a t t e r y ^ »

siflg out ill the first placf*, “ f ' I f ib e scold*ing continned, I chim ed in w itli “ VoinrUario {being iQ aiv«wor tn tbe snpprtsed (question, Q uf

; and i f tL at did n o t socisfy m y invi­sible i n t e m ^ t o n , I reapuiided fo r tb e th ird &od last rime a t tbo to p o f m y voioo, ** C arh* Q uinto f ” a phrAse, like ()]>ea s e s a m e ,o f ioagic&l im port, which I would advise a ll trave lle rs to rooolloct wbo (undke H a ss v i B aba) would re tu rn from tJicir tri^vls to debCriba th e w onders tlicy onconnter. Aa tu a pa£»|>orty th a t w ill b e th e le&st o f a tra> ^pller^s troabicg in tho domlntonR o f D o n C arlu s: all are frirnde w ith in tbe frou tie r. T was on ly * n « requested to show m ine on m y travels in the iftttrior, afid th a t waa on th e r r t r c a t from Dilboa, *bon i t wiks very p roperly ju d g e d to be a p o in t of ^ m e im portance t<» ascertalu who was en te rin g D uraiipx T h e difficulcies a ro to leave rraiice>

10 en ter i t ag-jin. T h e trav e lle r w ill, in all M o b i l i ty u o t have a n y p articu la r r e a b o u to coH' g e l a t e h im self on h is re tu rn to tlie “ land of Hbtny and p o lite n e « ” a t Behovia. H e w ill moxt Wi^ly tind hin'iself w aited on b y tw o or th ree very ^ ’ *1 gentb'TQen in cocked* hntii, swords, yellow - belts and w hite ubouider kuuta, w ho w ill s i t in bis ®“**nber ligi«nln|r to b is conver?alion and accom-

him i f bo leaves i t fo r a m onteitt, w berevor be ?o —will sup a t b is oxpens«^, and m o u n t p ia rd

a t l ib bed-rooiD door. N e x t m o rc lu g lie will conducted in scat« to B ayona« , ( th e gen tlem en witk' yelluw belts a n d w hite !»houlder*küuts u ittiüg < th e cnach box, aleo a t h is expense,} in th e vieir au ad m ln u g pu]>ulaüoQ; a o d th e re i t j i u t depciHÍK^ o n th e good plnaRUje o f M onsicn r Ift S on-P rt^e to allow h itn to s tay tweoty>fuiir hours to settle aiTairs, ur a rran g e h is in s ta n t d ep a rd iie I d the v u J '

posts o r dU iyeriu for Ceilmd w ith tho additit p leasure o f eu jo v io g a iúuiiUr g u ard o f honour th e way. I n thiK la tte r ease, i t w ill be tim e for hiA to stop pey in g , a n d th e n pcrlm ps th e y m ay “ aW -*; don Lim to the care of P ro v id eu c« /'

B u t CO co ndnuc the m oonlight m arch o f O eo e n ¿ ;F ra n d s U a rd a , w ith bis G uut* de A’a o a m t Soo*a ñ o r th e y had pn^sed us, th e y w ere Jo ined by th< F o re ig n L eg to it d t M añeru» aud th u s strcngthcD«d, G a r d a contSuucd h is rou te to th e C iirU tioo cowi o f A rta jona , crossing the A rg a a n d th o enemy’s linos b y tJifí b ridge o f M end ígn rria , aud reach ing hit deatinaidou w ithout a n y serious oppoeicirtn. l*he«*^ he was speed ily jo in e d b y forty recru its, m any * *j whonv ic appcRTs w ere w aiting fo r LU safe-condi to {«üve the C h riitin o lioes an d pass the furCsand g uards w ith th e ir arm s, withouC in c u rrin g neediest personal risk , o r, w h a t these poo r fellows think m uch m ore of, expo)>big th e ir fam ilies to vengeful reaction o f th e C hristine autliorit

wbo look n r j e ia rp ly a f te r tb e coniK^ctìoos of p6SrìotÌe em igrants aerosa th o CarliM frontior, and ipitefull^ p m d ic ir nome« OS cbc b ead o f d ii li&U for cootrìbudun:^, I n the p re se u t iiu^lance the recrniu and thc lr frìoniis baH the pxciisc o f a U ttli ^ t l c force to collect aod b rb ij ' them w lthm the* CarlUt lio e s ; aod th e th in g thuR b e in g clearly iiMvitible a n d according to th e e tiq u e tte o f c in l «ar, l i e C liristino comznauiLiDte m t c d co n tcn t with tbeir iQ luck. T h e expedition re tu rn ed the same nigbl to M aòeru and C h’aoqiil« b rb ig b ig w itb them

a supply for th e now levies, in th e shape of 3<W arobas o f whe&t (about seveiJty-five bondred » ^ b t ) , and 150 caiiiarait o f w loe (about 320 i*Jlonsi). A «»light skirm ish occurred in recrossliig

R io A rga , iu w hich one CarliRt jioldier was aud tw o C hrlscinos taken p r i s o D e r s . T lie

"ew fort oil th e h ill above M a n eru (S a n ta B arbara) *s»dtDlrably phtced in com m and of th e on ly road from M end igo rna aud P u e n te ia K ey n a , &o a» ^Swtnally to check a p u rsu it from tb e n c e ; but

C h ris tb o s w isely a ttem p ted none.T h e adm inistration o f B o u C arlos waa a t tb iR

P^nod (S ep tem ber,) pardon la rly en e rg e tic in ge t- '•ng n p th e RiDewR o f war, w ell kuow lug how m uch ^ ^ n d e d ou th e liealthful condition o f the m lllla ry

and tl>e J u n ta o f N avarre decreed th e poy- fDetit o f a con tribu tion of 10,000 dollars b v the

tuwii o f as & p r c U m i D a r y . T his , like t l \ tbc oti>er coa tribatious o f N&varre and tlie prCh viDces, W08 fu lly nnricrsti>oH to b e on ly a l«an» ti> b» r e p ^ d w beu D o u C arlos a r r i v e d a t M a d rid . T ) i ^ -jt h«l70> 1 u n d en to o d , b een {>aid clteerfully go far; ) • Hud as tbefirsi: o f l)ie la tte r, tite& rm y rcceiT«4(R a m ootb’s p a y ; b e in g several th e n in arrear. sam e J u n ta also p roposed th e e n a c a se n t o f a iiiii** d a l m easure to e x t « u d over the villages o f tb<;k g re a t valley, (ik e M en n d ad o f E stc lla , al>out th ird p u rt o f the k lugdom o f Navarre») designed

tk c collcetion o f fu tu re eoiitribut accordiog to a scale o f tb e pus^eawuus of p roprie to r. A m ain fea tu re o f tb ls arrang ;e iia i(| waii, th a t p rev tuus to th e di!4])Osal o f a u y cattk o r horses, th e ow ner ehoulH g ive no tice to m e n t an d v b t^ u leave to se ll, su b jec t to ccrttfX claim s fo r th e sorvice o f the s ta te . T h is f in a a * ^ ' reguU tioti th e p easau trv stroDgly ob jec ted to. 1>* th e first piftcc th e y said i t w as contrM y to their custom s, (and tliey liave a spcciaJ diRlike to new* fuugled w ay s):—-in th e n ex t, ti ia l th e re was »• occasion fo r th e innovation, th e v hav ing a)wny*' w illing ly contribu ted to the n tm ost o f th e ir ability w henever tb e y w ere d irec tly app lied to iac t, h a v in g m nch m ore ground uuder culti'Co m ee t the d a ily dem and f<ir 4 0 ,0 0 0 ration» the«

(hey w ould tro u b le them selves w ith the tillaff«^ *

time of p«*Me):—thirdly, tliat i t wouJd be yirtually up the control o f their propertv and the

luanagcmcnt of tho ir fields ini© the haodii o f the K bg, oomrary to tbe individual privjJegcs o f the NavArreso tbne o a t o f m in d :—and fourthly, (the aroug:est o f any). “ they don’t like il, and won’t W e it?'’ T hey therefore, summoned a council (iu fe« appointed a committee) tn support thcif view» and to present o respectful memorial to the K hig f spUuaiory o f their rights and privilege«, wbicb I «J^erstand Kocivttd ^ a v e bud gracious consider- «•ou at the hands n f his M ajesty and his M inister, ^ o r Erro- Lord Palmei’Ston and his unfortunate fnends at S t. Sebastian realJy formed very erro­neous notions o f tbe capabilitiee o f these peasantry to undcffland tbeir own alTalrs and defend their own fielrli aud fiockft. A s far as 1 could see, they were ^l^y a* intelligent, as free, and os comfortable a« ^ peasantry of England, and perliaps “ something '’•ore. J t ig probable they do n<it se t «0 high a

on their lives, for they expose tliem without ^ la t io n where e ither th e ir own independence nr

King’s hereditary rights were invaded ; ajid and mothers still cheerfully enrolled tbeir

youngtr sons on the lis t o f as tlaimant&®f the first id k muskets, notwithstauding (he elder

*^feady fiillei» ¡n the tam e cause. B u t there bounds to tho m w t hcroic eacrifices. T he

2

m ost iig b Iy -p ro fess in g “ life a n d fortuno m en” of O ld E o g la n d j u m b l e W th e taxes. B yroo siiowi a very csai^t know ledge o f iium an n a tu re iii hk w am iu jj a d v ite W K in g s and M nibW is, whiei holds q u ite as good in ti»e m erid ian of Ee»tt*Ua w • o f M issolongbi—

" Kil} a tnan’a C aaB j atJ<1 be m ty m o tk i t ------B u t k « p yoüf hAods oui o ( H i l« e c h e # pocket!"

C H A P T E R V I I I .

D ox Carlo« and t í a cc a rt d ep arted irom l l ^ U a on Friday the GOlh of S ep tem b er, a n d con tin 'ied his tour northw ard to B iscay , TÍMtiug ev e ry tow n aod village on hia w ay, and u is p o e tb ^ th e raiionB public wurki; iu p rogress. H e was accom puiied h y the Infan te D o n SchastioJi, to g e tlo r vd ib C oun t D 'O rga, coloncl o f cavalry , and th e C o u n t d e S im t, i*oth graodcos o f th e f irs t claw w ho arrived recen tly

L s te lla an d w ere appoin ted ebam b«rhúns to the S e ñ o r 'ro le d o ,a s o n o f d ie D u k e d’Infantado«

*Tid l.ieq tenan t-co lonel o f cavulry a b o arrived and joined the escort. A nxíong to bccom e m ore foJly «cquainted w ith ih e fee lings o f tiie peop le tow ards

Carlos, I avaiicd m yse lf o f CJie oppo rtu n ity of porsontJ obsen 'a tion afforded m o b y th is tour, ^ d baviüg strapped m y portm an teau on a friend’s

I m ounted a fine m ule w liich I had ju s t P ^ K a so d in Kbtella a u d jo io c d the royal cavulcade

V O L . I .

9 8 M r T U M N I N E B T E 1 .1 .A .

on tb ^ rocui to the far-fompri Baiòìicti o f S an Gre- gorìo ; fbuaded o n tb e aum itiit o f a coniDiAndii b il l in com m em oralion o f the m iraculous dcliv«r^ ance o f S pain (thxougb bÌ9 in tcroei^ iou) from p la g u e o f locusts— tJie sfo ry o f wLicli is pain ted it* l a r ^ o n tb e walle o f tb e e le g a n t U ttle cbuich.

T h e eq u in o x hod pasRed over v e ry calm ly wilh iwo o r th ree n ig h ts o f q u ie t m eteoric lig h tn in g aai a couple o f abowers tlia t seem ed t o em pty th e sk y ; I b u t w hen we se t fo rib , the sun a n d tb e eartb wer* ju 9 t aa to rrid as ever. T h e g a rd e o s a round the towi w ere d r in k in g u p tlie w ate r o f irriga tion witba«t wai^ting a d rop, an d tb e stubb le in th e w heat fields was b laz iag ludusCriuasly w itb lit tle o r no belp from llkc peasants, whose ch ie f care seem ed to b e that th e fire shou ld n o t rcach th e ir neigbbours’ crops. T h e a ir, earth , a n d trees w ere alive w ith th e h u » a n d g lit te r o f insccts. T h e m nsquitoce w ere bnsy in th e ir vocation, making; ** w ar to the lance t o d

ev e ry body’s s ie sta : tb e g re a t d r a ^ - f l i r s dartin g to aud fro o u d u ty 08 m uxqulto bftwk^ p rese rv ing tb e balancc o f pow er on thw constita- rioHal q u es tio n : th e fa t C apach in locusta w ere r tl- t l ln g th e ir shoulder-blades a g ^ s t th e ir hoods aod m a k in g an inconceivable ro ck e t ; th e ir cousins t ie grasshoppers w ere flu tte ring abou t, tw ice as loog a n d stroBg and l ire ly as th e ir b ro th re o o f KnglaAdj sp o rtin g e leg an t b luc-speek led wing-faiis»

«t>d«<ir9(Lrjug to p«*Tsna<le d ie truveller tiia t d iey w«re bulterfiie*; b u t, afte r a scam per u f d ircc or four yards w ore g lad to se ttle ag a iu . T h e little li2ardj in brow a, g re e n a n d gold , lay baakijig on

5Conc9> spwulACin^ ou tb e se izure o f som e a a t w Udy>cow, til l o iii shadows ^ r e d th fm in to tlieir crevices. T h e hom eta w hU zcd a n g rily p a s t us (iaabig: wasps or hoiiic-flios, and a ll wlio liad e re r ielt the annoyance o f e ither, w ished tb e m G od- ipoed. T h e la tte r w ere so poatiferous a t E ste lla , tU t before I could s i t dow n to w ritr , 1 was ohbg^d to chase every one o u t o f th e room and sh u t them out. T h ere a re tw o species, b o th ap p a ren tly re- •ciibiing the B ritish honsc-fly , b u t ooe is provided with lancets tb a t c u t as d eep as those o f o u r red torie-fly. I .e g io n so f bees w cro ab road . TJio p ar-

challenged th r i r riTale am ong th e Tineyards •a ihe valleys, each e x u ld u g over th e m erits o f

crop o f g rapes and graasboppers. B u t in tru th , ^ k tte r W e u o grass to hop o n n ea r E ite lla . ^ k s and red ea rth on ly s tr ik e th e ey e am ongst the

and v inej'ards, a n d an extensive m onotainuus ^ on the west, ex ten d in g to Y ra d ie a n d V ilJa-

^11 n o t grow e ith e r . I t is a m ass o f coarse WP*uni, in terairatified w ith rock sa lt, w h id i, dis- ^ v iu g wjib every show er, th e m oxm t^u is g ra-

‘*6lly crum bling dow n in to tb e R iv ers E g a and ' ^ r e wlueh flow ro u n d th e tow n a t i ts base. O n

titc sa lioe soli a t the accessible siHe o f tbia rnonn- M n , w heat a u d m aize on ly a re fo an d to tLrir«, A dvancing N . a n d N .W . froro F-stella the w ine aud oU tc cu iiu rc graduiilly g ive w »y to th a t o f cor», and ih e w heat, oata, and barley s tubb les fa r s u ijjM * in ex te n t, th e g ro u n d u n d er m iuzc. P rocecd in f 1 nortiiwftfd th ro u g h th e p rov ince o f A lava, th< proportion of w heat is stdll la rger, th e orlpnttl m ille t appears, th e olive d is a p p e a r , aud th e r io 4 k ou ly seen m favoured spo ts wherf" th e m o u n t« * « recede till they leave free spacc fo r su n a n d lur *• a c t a n d induce tb e alm ost a rid soil i t ro q u u « . B u t th e valleys o f the B asque proviuoo« a re i a ge­n era l m uch narrow er tliao those o f K avarro , aud the no rthern w inds th a t sw eep over th e B ay o f Tliscay cio tbe tb c ro ck y tops o f tb e ir m ountains w ith chiUy mUi£ ea rly in au tun in , u u d er w bich tb e grape will g row u idecd , b n t is ra re ly m atu red . T h e moua- ta iu eer, s tin ted in bia w ine and oil, redouble* his ac tiv ity to ob ta in bucli a h a rv est as w ill procure hnfl bo tb iu ex cb an g r. T h e p a tien t in d u stry w ith whiA b e adapte th e crop to the boII a n d tb e clim ate, is truly adm irable a n d ensu res ito ju s t rew ard. Anoed w ith h is d igg ing forks nnd hoe, h e ascend» t)*® bleep roountM ii side to cu ltiva te h e ig h ts whei« o x en could find n<i footing, and ploughs w ould be useless \ re s ig n in g b is ta sk oo ly a t th e line wherf tb c so il oeasea aod th e rock b c ^ n s . T h e hard f

ilex and eiicbi& hero con trive to find sUwidjng-room aod ft coT)g;<*nial dlm ate» and » h e re the inounT&in h not of m oit ohdum te itopa&Mbilily, ^ r d l e i t runnd v iik a forest.

On tho rond, we lea rn ed tb a t th o long tallied-of expedition to A r r a ^ n n n d cr P ab lo Saiiz and Joaquin E llo bad received a new dcRCination con- u q n en t on som e uoexpccfod C hjibdno movement* in tbac province, and tb a t V illa R eal liad a few diy* before d irec trd i t to tb e AslnrioA. T h ith e r they had aocordliiglv gone* w itb four battfiUoris o f in/an try and tw o ftcjuadroud o f cavalry, m arching on Oviedo. T o coun terac t th is new m ovem ent of Ihc A uxiliary I .e ^ o o a t S t. S ebastian had been rttfpatchcd to G ih o n ; leav ing th e garrison o f th r former m in ucli w eakened as ononiinige G u ibe- Wdes’ a ttack un tb c U t o f O c to b e r \

N ocb«ij3g b efo re 8 1 . S « b u d « Q d a r iitg ih l« a ffa ir, I ehail m tt

arw tapi iv d«»cn)>e i l . H o v r v n , ih e t^ l lo r u g ’ r-rori

^ p e s « f tn i]|Q m o f tb e C i r l u i A rt ille ry , C a p u ln Sa«ycr» i s t««

«W a^rCcrigóc 10 b e « fiibh« ld .

Chi.% 18S&“ Y w « r d ( 7 itiAck»«! th« cocroy, H tc pi«ce> ' - f w i i i l c r ; .

actio(i con ün u ed (o r tv n k i ^ h »u ra , d u n o g a ll im m

iIm q tw o n iy (k tecf e o f cao iw rn w e re m d M v o u j i n ^ u> h i i n>>.M y o f ih r e e ^ k c b b e i i^ w e o , a n d c i t j- iu n ilp n )

i SM(Ad, e re loci^ r e d u c á fo 01»«, b y ih e w « jii o f arrilleryiH en ;

^ t n I m>u7 a ft«r the B rin ^ n ío e o f (hem t o d one

feU un<2cr tb c C O n to o c e r t p c s b o t—fm u o f eJiecn <1tW.

^ » y ^ f , I M U « o u n d cü s lig h tly in th e Tace» a n d r t a i I 7

1 fouad o n <iur arriv id a t th e Uttle (own of Lee Arcos« th a t i t bod faxc^ i>ectcr t i a n t i e n io e o iben w tic h bad b een en te red b y tb e th re e p lu iid e m ^ C hris tino colum ns a few days before, in cDnae- queiice o f the A lca lde , A yuu tam ieo to aod principal iitbah itaa ts g o in g o u t to receive and in fac t xubroit

*ccid«ni, Tai^ «wMVfii—ui vrgeaAt*nu^orvH ota ( u k « n in in ib « a ft iJ l^ ry b j 0r<j«i4 o f iJte O e n e n l, m (

l i r e lo soiti^ p o w d er b y nii^takp a o d b U * u p ih r« « b o x e a n f c«JU)M

ca n riiig ie i, a fte r w b lcb v e fo m u i n o rse ire« a> Ci<l(oi«s:— tw o o f iA K

d« ad ) a F r e n c h a e r ? t n i o f f t L --------w o u A d ed (h ^ w ill p ro b ttd y dW

•l»o)i a n d b appy e c o o fh lo etca(>e w ith iny ieA cbMk

b^im ed a n d he«d tin n e d . B n tb i j blow*up w as n o th in g ^

lb « c o rm e q u e n m ] c o a p v c d « U b on* ih a t >iapp?Qnl tw « bo o n

•fte r, A ( ib a i litn« T «an k i« p iiig u p ih » tire o f j u ; (wo pke«**

* i ih m y w rapped up , « b r a a rweBty>f6ur>p«und s > i^ « f tbe

enem y Tell « ) a r ^ box fuD o f ibeni, w iii«b I h a 4 p r r p v e d ft*

(b# CbrUtirinft. T b r ir 'e I n jn t in ih « b a it^ ry i b tii « ¡ (h e a i rc«cbia|!

ID», a o d ite t (o 100 o th c n pi2ed io iNe box . S ee ing ib«

f i t i i o f one had u k c o f ir r , 1 (brew m yself dow n m m y fat« , and

rcm atoed in ih a i p o e U o a u n t i l aO ib » boxfbll Sad T h e rv »rcre la n l e v e n l d u c b a rg « ! |^ tb « t ia to m j . te n o f m H •

lim e . lo a ^ m » th e n p i'o a f «h icK all th is r a u w d i s tlie h a i i ^ t

and» abuve aU, m y in tc rc ^ tiu g e r u a t i o n S e e i u x th e «hell tall«

e v e ry body « W v e ry na tu raU y r a n oui, a M ib e c a e s y iJ te n fb t n e blown u p a h o iv ire d tinoa. £ 4 b*en/ p 4 t ¿ t I w s^ ib e b M t« ^

o f 4oy, fc« c re ry o n e o f tho«« w]io fled w as And 1 « M no*b u rc in tb c lc a i t . T o {«How iip tli i» blow, • baJl e o e in g in d i r o « ^

• a eiub>a«un: k n o ck ed ib e n o p o u t o f s^y b a o d i, a o d a t th e ao'oe

t in K s a d r »hivor» o f • h an d sp ik e w b k b a co rpora] U'toi*

AJI (b is paaaod in a EDOiBent. I can n tw r c you (b a t ye«iepJay

waa tb e b a p p ie ii o f m e n !" • • •

10 them as th e y approached. J x a Arco« n a £coi)üer U>wH withuut wolU, v er^ 'm ueh esp o sed to th e action end rcsetion v£ civil strUe, hav ing m ore tliau once been ú poseoasion of th e C hriâ tinos slncc th e y were s n i t^ d o u t of its «ásem e w itb p im eiito b y Z jju a - I« * rreg y i o n th e a W F eb ru ary , 1 8 3 5 ; so th a t b o th parties widely overlook the inev itah le submÍ»»Í0De it coakes a lte rn a te ly Co each , con ten ting cheovelve« with tbe exaction o f coutribuCioos a s a n equiTnlenc. O n the la te enCry o f th e C b m tin o s , tbe town escaped b y speedily acceding i a th e ir dem and of

D on JüâD E chevarria 's r e n t ," a w ell know u sum of abouC 7(W. y e a rly due Co h im a s oue o f tb e tw elve beneH m rics o f tb e sp lendid cathedral o f L os Axcob, aod whieH tb e C brlstioos dec lare ju s t ly forfeited to tbe Q u een in v irtue o f Lis rcbcUi/HJs d ig n ity of PregideDt o f the JuD ta o f K nvarre . T b e inba- b itin u , w ho a rc d ed d e d ly C arlist, w ould, I was *»flired, pay iJic re n t over t^ a in to D o n .loan*x>twiilisiandjag.

T lie fortificaCions iu progress a o d a lm ost com ­pleted a round tb e churcb o f ¿ a o G regorio , w ere the BubjeeC o f D o u S ebastiao 's e^pedal exam ina« Qoo. T b e sicnacion is one of tb e s tro u ^ ^ C ChaC ^ u Jd w ell bave b een selected , o n th e sum m it o f « narrow range o f hills p e rfec tly com m anding boüi

and the b ig h road from L o s A roos to Sorlada P iednuniliaria, M endaca an d Z un iga . D o th e

F 4

104 TIIE BATTLE TIELI>6 OT THE BEBl^ERA.

n o rik sprcafls th e rich va lley w bere tbe serlwM b a ttle waa fu u ^h t in 1834, w ben tb e Cbm tijKif 8uocee({od in turnlDg tb e position o f Itu ra lde , and b rough t Z u iaalaca ireg iii w iib aU l ib reserve into ac tion to re tr ie v e tb e day. T b e o , S an O regoiM an<j the coun try around i t w ere iu tbe iiauds o f th« Q ueenU destroy ing tro o p s ; d o w , a ll th is fine db« tr ic t reposed u n d er the pcaccable sw ay o f TX« C arloa. an d a s tran g e r co igh t trav e l th rough It by day a n d ni)2;hc ait »ecnrcly as iti E ug land . I did n o i even hoar o f snch a th in g a* a ro bbery in the B asque province» or Kavarre> excep t when tbe > Q ueeit wat» graciously p leased to fiend an ov'0> w helm ing forcc to p illage th e defeuceless vilb^et»*' by w ay o f Hlustrarion and ea rn est o f tlie blessiny» * o f a liberal governm ent.

I n Dur progreee vre rode over four battle*iield«y for ev e r associated w itb tb e m ilita ry gcniu» aini trium phs o f Zum alacarregul^ and a fifth« (th e MK'ne o f th e trip le fo ray o f the 14 th u lt.,) w ben Irribe rr«»^ a ttem p ted in vain to storm the B asilica of G re |ro rio . 'l ') ie scenes of Z unia lacarregui’s com­b a ts w ere M endacd, Z u n ig a and rhc bridge A rqn ljas, a t w hich la tte r {>asi tw o im p o rtan t battlei wore fo u g h t; tho first ag a in st an im m ense C hristli^ force from L us A reos supported b v artillery led on b y C o id o ra in person on the 15th of D e­cem ber, I t i i ^ : tbe »econd a ^ i n s t equally snperiot

forcTR of in fbn try w ith caimoii iroiQ Uio garmon, com m anded b y L o rc n io , o n d ie I6 tli o f February, 1 8 0 5 : b u t tb e CfirlUt ^ r^ c ra l had cboeeu b is positions so w ell a n d stood b is g;round wiib such in trep id ity , tKat cach a ttock wsis repulsed with «Dormouíi lot». D u o Carlo»« w as p resen t a t tbe eomb«t w ilh L orenzo . T h e s ite o f these sdnguinary b ttlle s is h igh ly piclnreM joe, a o d a.s rlcb l a natural hetudes as :tny v b ic b th e rom antic k ingdoiu «»f Navarre couM fiimÍRh fo r tKe scene o f eonlesls, <w eaeh of w hich tiie Hbertios o f iU* peop le de­pended. T L e l i td e riTer E g a h e re w inds its wav

th e g ro a t valley o f tlie B e ru esa ejistward to 'Efitella, th rough precip itous cliEa, co r« red as far *» the oye cao rctich w itb a n everg reen forest o f ^ » a arbu ius an d lan re l, whose interlacvd brandies forbid all passage o*cep t along th e raule- tracks worn in tbe fkce of th e ro ck s, io the fissnre«

which d te trees a rc roo ted . 'I l i e sonthern “ ountidn sweeps back in th e form o f an antphl* theatre a t the >*pot w bcro the road to Z iu ilga des- cw»ds to tbe river, au d tbus, fo rm ing a Mocper

b o th m ules and m e n are ob liged to íravCT» x ig .zag lil l th e y a rr iv e a t it$. baí«*.. O n ^he brow «tnnds th e H erm itag e o f Ar<jUÍjas« downed w ith its belfry . B elow , (be r iv e r recedes

the bill^side in a sim ilar sw eep, and 3eav**s ^ tw €€o a small boartHslmped p la in or paddock of

F 5

loo D R t l ) ( > E O F A R Q U I J A S »

ih e richest verd u re , sm ooth as a bow liiig-| a o d ju s t 500 ynrds q c t o s r . A t its Dorthcrn poiní» th e lit tle b rid g e ( th e T b e rm o p y la o f K avarr^ stretclieg its doob lc arcb &ud Tude parapet aero« th e riv er to afford a pcissag;c fo r a t»ÍC|;le m ule or tw o m e n a t a tim e. T b e bridg;«, the berro ilég f, tbe tiine*worii m ule-track, a d isb in t co n v en t and w*»e encinas on th e heigh ts, tbe g ro w th o t th ree centurieir : b n ro t to a b lack shell b y ih c b ivouac fires b n l «ill in u n tu n in g ; a lu x u rian t head , a re th e on ly “ wctfk* o f a r t '' witLiii view, T h e re in n o t even a wheel- r iit to b e seen, ' l l i e b ridge could n o t nllow the narrow est cor to pa.ss, a u d a ll the a r t o f m ule o ru m tf fercr could n o t com pass th e progress o f itsw h e d s u p the ro ck y staircases. Z um alacarregni, ititloei» could tran sp o rt o n cars tb e tliirti^en-lneh m o r t a r f

b e cast in th e B asuin over the h ig h est m ounw o tracks, to besiege towns in G uipuscoa and Biscay? b u t h e bod the w hole population o f ev e ry village h e poMed th rough , m en a n d oxeu , day and night, cheerfully t n ^ l n g w ltli all th e ir hearts ae d hcadi, in Ids service : w hile on th e o ther liand the C br*- d n o GeneralSf {who could nev e r c ith e r purchase lo rtn rc th e peasan try in to the peiform ance of such m iracles), w ere ob liged to b e co n ten t w ith w hat the m u les a lone could effect in th e transport o f fie^< piroe< over m onntaln patlis. Z uroa lacarrc in i hail n o a rtille ry a t A rqu ljas, b u t be took possCB'»

'2

of (iiie pl&m, tbo b r id g e and th e Bteep wooded rocks which overhoDg th e riv er o n th e no rth , w ith a few battalions; aitd , Dotwith»UudiDg a ll tb e efforts of C«d<iva’9 artille ry p lan ted a t th e H erm itnge above, and 5000 m eo to follow w here i t sw ep t opeu a roari for them below, tiie y eould n o t force a passage to Z i in i ^ O nee, tw o batta lions o f C hristino oar- bbeers succeeded iu form ing o n the p la in , and made a desperate posh to cross th e b ridge. T h e fnremosi r£»nks succeoded, b u t th o y w ere charg;od wldi tbe b ay o u e t b y tb e ipiides o f N avarre , aud drircn back in g re a t d isorder, F o u rte e n w ho w ere cut off from th e ir com rades on tb e narrow nor- them bank w ore in s tan tly k illed , as n o q u a rte r was then g iveu ou e i th e r side. C ordova, bolflcd a t the bridge, oanscd a ttem p ts to bo m ade b y fording, 'vbich Is poe«ible cv eu in D ecem b er, ju s t ad jo in ing tbf p la in ; h n t th e cool and w atchful C arliats who lined the rocks a n d tree s a t tb e opp< «ie side sbot down every m ait as soou as h e clim bed u{>tbe bank, aod afte r fo a r hours’ firing , C ordova gave u p the point, leaving 3 6 0 k illed and ca rry ing o ff aa m any wounded. U w as seven w eeks afterw ards tba t Lorenzo a ttem p ted ib e sam e pass, w itb superior furces and ail th e dear b ough t e j f p e r i e n c e o f C or­dova’s defeat. H is a rtille ry , nbto p laccd a t the H enaitage, was b e tte r 9orvci\ a o d did g re a t e x e c » -

tion on the p l^ a s below , w hile a thousajid o f lus t' 6

108 D R F E A X O F L 0 k E K 2 0 .

bnal m en descended the palb , forniod in colum n ca til« plM u uud rushed on w ith th e bayoncL Z u m ^ la c v rv g u i seeing hla loen n&vcr vpposiie the bridge, rode dow n the bank ou h is w hile charger aud placcd him aelf an d )d& staiT m advaooc o f iu Tbi« decided (he b a ttle . E ac h peasan t would ra th e r ^ c a tbousdnd C hriatiuos t h a n “ uuck T hom as" Id h is w x a tL . T h e y w aited steadily iof tlip ad v a n riu ^ co lum n , and p o u r ^ in a r o l l e j that k illed ib e lead ing uffiters and threw i t in to suck contusion tb a t i t speed ily g av e w ay ; w b e rc u p « L o re u zo re trea te d to Loe Aroos lik e h is prede- ctfflsor» leav ing 200 k illed au d b ea rin g off 3(»0 w ounded, pursued t i l l night*faQ b y the victor w bom 00 C hristino G eu e ra l ev e r v en tu red to on- u iu jite r on th e little field o f Ar<]uija» a th ird time« T h is sm iliug p la in , oo w hich th e eyo looks duwn w itb ad m iration as tbe peacefu l c e u tre o f a silent landscape b rillian t w ith everg reen beou tj', is tbf g rav e o f a thousand m en ! O n ly one h a lf of »1® old B ridge o f B a ttles uow rem a in s ; the o ther wjis so iae m onths a f te r blow n u p b y L acour, under tbe orders o f Z o m alaa irreg u i, who, w itb Lis charsse- teribtic p rudence, th u s p reserved ( h e towns of Z un iga , O rh ieao , M oliuas d e S a n ta C ru?, and ^ i j t a C rua d e Cim{>ezzu from a n y surpri«» w hile h e ca rried th e w ar eU ewhcre. I t afterw ards Te|Bdired w ith tim ber, ^*il¡cb afforded our

> 1C T O R I O U 8 R E M I N I S C E N C E S . 109

m ules a q iiiU 'as good a s before,while d ie £ jc ility o f i ts rem ova] afforded a guaran tee tha t QD enem y wh<» m ay occupy LO0 A rcos wi]l not w lect tb is ro u te as llie m ost conven ien t iti conunuation o f a iiy fo ray h e m ay lia re com m enced in the valleys o f the K ivera o r Rcriicsa.

As the liin jr rode <jver the even tfu l sce>iie, hia afimiration of the g a llan t c o u Ju c t o f it* defenders broke forth cn th iu lastlcally , a n d ho po in ied o u t to Don Sebastian, CoI<mol M orry a o d all around h im , ibe sjiot« distiogulaLed b y various cvontfiil tu rn s of ihe tft'o b a t t le s ^ th c po in ts occupied b y bira»elf, hy Zum nlaearrcgui, nnd L o re n z o ; Ibe IIcnnitage>*herc tbe niurderou)« a r tille ry o f the eo e m y was optioned, p o u ring death in to the ra n k s o f h is people, «»d dif* path u p w hich Uie m ultitudos o f w ounded ChfiatiQos w ere ca rried tb ith e r from tbe plw u while another lin e o f fresh m«n was constantly deaeeuding to ta k e th e ir p laccs, an d sustain tlie *ctioo. E v e ry inch of th e road is associated w ith incldoiits o f hero ic in te res t, an d j | is impof^eible for a C arlist to view i t w ithout entbusiasm . A s for

(stranger as I wat» to Sj>ain a n d its w arta fe ,) 1 <»uJd u o t h e lp r id in g b ack from Z u n ig n (over an «*«rah le b ill o f loose stones) to oblsiin a view of

en tire from tb e s ta tion w here Z iim olacarregui ^ stood during both battle«.

k ing &lepi a t Zuuig.-i, and w ith h is su ite p ro-

cccclpH n ex t m oro ing (S a tu rd ay , O ctobor 1 s t ) , by O rbiezo , th e F ran d aca ti lo o aastery o f P ero la , An- to ñ in a and A toiiri to Mae»itu wLere b e vigtcNl tbe m ilita ry hosjiital o f th e proTÍnco o f A lava, tbea con tain ing 1 5 5 w ouuded and foriy-fivc infirm and gick. H e th e n (OontinaDd ht« ro u te over tb e mooT^ tainn, ond th io u g h ü u e re n o , crossing th o ffrtUe valley o f th e Borunda» leav ing S alva tie rra and E rid io o n b is r ig h t,— L an g a rlta and l,a c e o on K» left, ’t i l h e arn T ed a t N arvaja , w here he* «lept, find r»>inaincd on S unday . O n M onday h e

proceeded to in sp e c t th e sp lendid fortification which had ]>een erected on V illa R e a l’» p laü , b y Brig»- d ir r SylreaCre, ch ief eng loeerf u p o n tbe* base o f tho old tow ers o f th e L ad ro n es <ie G u ev ara , pcrcbed on a hill w hich bound« tb e va liey o f th e H uruuda, and p resen ts a m a g o if ic c n t^ e w over an im m onse extent o f level coun try betw een M to r ia and SelTRtierraj O u th is g re a t p la in , nnd o n th e ad jo in in g hiils, i t i» said th a t n ea rly 150 town» a n d vlllaged m ay b« coun ted from Guevara«

T h e frtrtreas consists o f five series ot tower« battlem en ts, tb e ce n tra l ones ris in g pyram idally W a coniidorah le e lev a tio n ; th e e n tire rem in d lu g the E n g lish specta to r o f one o f the ta llest and pftrrowesl views o f W indsor C astle. T h e C arljst troop* call i t “ L itt le G ib raU ar/’ T b e p lan is a long quad­ran g le , w ilh round tow ers a t the ang les. I t is l>*iil*

OO the heig^ht o f th e rock in apod ition 6d defensible by die Datunil ad v E in a i|^ o f th e ^ u n d , tb a t the engineers o f «very sg e , from th e first crecdon to the compictloti, liâve d û p rn s rd w ith olt cerem onm l outworks, w hether fosse« <bawbridge o r pnllisade. I t wouM indeed b e a difficult Owk to s in k a r y ditchcs in the solid rocl<> atid th e garrbion finds all the w ater w hich the sk ies afford, l i tü e enouj^h fnr it& own purposes w ith in th e walla. T h o low er lowers a rc Already m ounted w ith fou rteen piece» of trtillery o f ran o u a c d ib re from iw en ty -fo n r pound- e r i downwards, M vend o f w hich w ere obtsdned at th e cap tu re o f P l e n ( ^ ; o thers, o f heavy m etal were ly ing in read iness to b e sJxuig iu to th e ir em bra­sures as soon a s the ca rriages w ere read y to receive ^ e m . T h e constm etion exblblce th e g rea te s t Attention to solid ity au d ce e tn ess o f arch itec ture, with an econom y o f space w hich excites adm iration. T h e ex terio r walls o re o f e a t s to n e , o f v e ry efficient » lid ity a t all elevations. T h ese as w ell as tho in­terior gûJlerieaare p ierced w iib loop-holes a t every slep, and no th in |r U n eg lec ted to ren d e r the superior ®t*ges o f tb e fortress separate and com m anding «tadels w iih respect to those below,

"Ihe troops ast<emb)ed h e re w ere review ed o u t- Bide the fo rt b y th e K in g , w ho also loUiutely •Dspected th e arn toary a u d xtores o f tho garrison. T h e ir B iscayan inu.skets (w hich nre accounted tho

lieaC iu th« gcrvice) w ere iu d ie o«atC4t ord«r ; am m unitioii fo r a l l arm k v'os in ahu jidauce; iiuoie- ruus eacks o f u g re a t Iier^> o f homo-mafUahof» w ere a p p a re n t; b u t w h a t M p ed ally attracted m y atren iion , wn** a ¡urge a i r j giiar<^-rivom kitchen, w ell lij'hcefi th ro iigb tb e im m ense walU, a u d decid* rd ly th r n ea te s t I bdd seen sìrice 1 en tt'red SpalOi ’F he K in g exam ined ev ery th ing , a n d spoke to everybody w ith a d eg re e o f intcroRt a n d aflability w h i ^ w as Cmly gradfyiuj^f and seem ed highly p leased w ith tb e progress o f th e w ork &Ìnce hit» last T is it T h e e n tire is indeed a noble moniiinc*nt o f w h a t enthosiastic loyalty can ci^cct in tbe ab«etie« o f o rd inary pecun ia ry sdm uU to exertion ,—depri- TRd o f wbicbf th e revoh itinnary edifice a t M adfld appears to h e fdst fe lling to p ieces. I t ^*ouid be dlf< lic u lt to gue«s th e nnm bcr of hundreds o f tho iuards o f poiinds w hich w ould figu re in Mondizab(U’f> e»ri- m ates for tbe execution of such a jo b ; atid m y readert w ill p erhaps b e som ewli^t «urprlsod t<i learn that filnce i ts com m cnofm cnr, on th e lt) th D ecem ber, IBQJ, i t lias n o t cost l>on C arlos o r h is governm ent a p ese ta beyond th e reg u la r rations, pay and clothingi d istribu ted to th e troops a u d w orkm en {wlio a rc &U v o lu ù teer soldiers also) p rovided b y tb e four Jun tas a s usu&K N o th in g fo r m a te ria ls ; no th ing for the s it« ; nofliing fo r p lans, and prem ium s, a n d contin­gencies, and CiCras, a n d dam ages, and ordnancf,

“ T H E O R A K D M O ' Í M R B . " 1 1 3

aiid acorn. T lie s ite woa wrebted froin th « C lir i^ tiiios:~>8Concs and tim b er w ere on th e s p o t : fu rn i­ture, fram e-« ork, iron , c u t stone, tools u i d a varie ty of useful ra a tc r ia is w ere a t hand in th e severaJ govenim ent sto res preserved for p u b lic purposes from tb e houses and p roperly alundonod b y C lirk - nno ñig^tires, as tb e conquering CVrllst a rm s pone, tf«tid iuio t i e strongholds o f tb e ir enem ies. T b e ordnaueo also, had been very app ro p ria te ly seu cd by thp strong h an d from C Lrlstliio forts and tu rn ed g a in s t cKeir cow ardly eoJumn«; m ak ing tkem leave ito higk road w hich leads from V ito ria to P am peluna («'benevcr th e y v e n tu re d o n a so rde from e ith e r) a t » very respectable d istance froo i C3uevara. JSouje of Ihe braea g u n s o f tw en ty -fbnr pounds calib re, cast In the royal f<iundry a t Seville, la te ly taken a t P lencla

platitcd here , a re o f th e firs t q u a lity . T h e y »ill no doubt pn ive bigikfy efficient iu th e liando of ^•ilr p resent possessors, If ever tb e ir old m aster« ven- lure to look fo r them in th is ca^cW’s ne&t. W h ik t in - •p ieim g tl,« ar,ii) C arlüs cast h is eye on an old

jf un-carriage, w hich h a d borne tb e fauioua eightoeD- poiindersurnam cd ALueia o r “ tlie G raodn io ther,’’ by

w ldiers, from »w and iufirm ltiea. W iib ^ heroine au d a 7-inoh m orta r, Zuinalacarregui ^wntnenced ids s ie g e o f tc iia rr l-A rra n u ? . She

nit twice ttt tbe m outh , and was each tu n e cu t

b n t,a s th e pow der n ex t b iased c u t through

1 1 4 “ T H E G l t A N D M U T H £ R A N D H E R C T I I 1 .P B E 5 .

cracks in b c r aides, Z uinaU carrcgut wnA obliged to b ind b e r round w ith n^^ea before b e could t ^ e tW tow n. W itb tbii> battering; Crain a n d & few v>h\<k h e gaiocd in b is p (^ re s} t, b e nevertheleM ContrivW tu ta k e a k u TrevL^o, VillalraDeii, B e rg v a , K y b i^ XolosA BJ)d OcbandiaM o; w bea having; acoum ulsM i a lo le r tb ie p rc« cn y , th e cow urdly garrisoiM of Escella, S a lva tie rra a n d th e B astan fled h vfm t “ th e G randm otheT a o d h er ch ildren ." I n g ro tefd rem em brance o f tb e se rr ic e s sbe b a d done the state« tb e k iug f w ho n e v e r forg;ets a n old friend , desireé tb a t h e r ca rrii^ e should b e carefully prc«etrod II tb e arm onry o f G n e v « ^ T h e G ran d m o th er b e r s ^ is a t p resen t safely buried in a dcbatcab le neigh­bourhood, b n t b e r resurrectiou cao b e effected id

b a lf ao Imiut uhoüld b e t w rv ices bo wfinted jo tbat q u arte r, (fo r i t i? believed th a t abe is s till capaM* o f ta k in g a tow n or tw o o u h e r o w r account) hnt th e fac t iii, tb a t tb e quao rity o f ex ce llen t a r tü i« y o b te n e d throiiifh h e r e:certÍ0D8> enable« tb e C arW ordnance office to dispens«? w ith b e r service«,M sh e i« allow ed to re s t iu peace. ^

D o n Carlo* hav ing ta k e n leave o f tb e Coron»®' d au te S opeiana and a n um b er o f officers o f d i*tiucti# ' \ w ho had com e to m ee t b is m ajesty a t the io r t and u m t h e re ñ e w , rode dow n the h ill to v iew tbe u iW' ta rv factory established in rhe t ü I h ^ a t it® bns«i** , tbe oU palacio o f tbe C oude de O n a te , fo r th e m « ’»* J

Í

I

&cUjrc and re|>air o f f ire -a n c i , bayonets, trum pets, dnuas, cttxrUgos fo r a ttJ lIe ry a n d th e various Im plt* neo t» apportAjniuj^ to th a t service. T h e y w ere also tiieu rnakiti^ a la rg e clock fo r th e fortress sbere. The wyrkmcD particu la rly p rid ed tiiemselvc« o n the cone of tlieir drum s, a u d on th o new touch*iio]e pieces, which tLey screw in to dam aged caunon. T h e trocps wbich Lis m ajes ty rev iew ed o n th e h ill side were the {ir»t nd th ird ba ttn lionsof A lava, a I>attalion of guides of th e ¡same province a iid a squadron o f A b - ?e*e Lancers, uuder th e com m aud o f Col, M oreno. A* they w ent th ro u g b th e ir evolntioDS o u th e hill side, witli th e fo rt in tb e b a c k ^ o u n d ,— the salvos of artillery sm okm g and thoiiderinj? around ,— rererberatiDg from a hieudred valleyy a u d ravines

a new d is c b a r ^ caugLc u p a n d pro longed th e ecboe»,— liie n b o lo afforded a com bination o f sigh ts and sounds which p roduord a n im pression I shall never forg;et. T h e A lavese iu feu try a rc q u ite *ild*Iookiug; enough to g iv e a b rig an d iae cham cter

any landscape th e y m ig b t mArch o v e r; b u t the in m otion w ere tb e eHscneo o f d ie e rm n t

PJct4jj^ui,^ as, rid iijg uj» a lo n g th e rid g e o f tbe , t ip y w ere seeu ag tunst th e sk y w ith the ir

f lu tte rin g iu the b reeze, o r rush ing “ ft body dowQ itfl side as i f charg ing an enem y

I t seem ed as i f tlie inequalities o f the ¿Tinuid they scampoped over m ade n o d ife reu c e t<»

tb e w iM -lookiu^ cintmaU tb a t bore tbeoL ¡is th e y w ere in an am usirt^ v a rie ty o f capa, jacket» a n d Crowsere iLM still bespoke th e prevalence wf “ the good o\A p lan” o f m ak ing ih o tr tu i le tc n the field o f b a ttle from th e spoils o f tlie ir cneioies,I cnuld alm ost fiiney tb a t I beheld f litting b e fore me the figuFos o f t)ip old LadroncR o f ü a e r r a . But th e L adrones h a re b een sw ep t off the hl!U of A la»^ H O i l , w h at la m ore to th e purposo, th e C 'hrU ti» T-idfones o f M ad rid and W estio lnste r ba^e bccft cliased aw ay too. T h e A lavesr liavt? t b « f owo agaijt, a n d th o y are w ell ab le to hold iU

T h e king^anii h is su ite no:rteros»ed th# c o n iilry , pa& ung th rough M a r l f ta , lo review th e cam p a t the «Id V e n if io f A rlaban , dcstroyeil b y the o n th e h ig h road from V ito ria lo S alinas, w here the

iuiit sw«ep of th e g en ily sw elling p la in o f the ru n d a affords an o p p urlun lty of encainpliig a t ^ cncraiice o f ib e im porW nt pass dcNceodiug: »n*o l i i e o y and Guipuiicoa. H e re we found th e itiiri hfttlalion o f N avarro , the second o f A lava, aod »• th ird rro v ls lo iia l, w ith tw o brass foar-pouud pieces (tak en a t th e defea t o f O sm a a t M to ria )» w ell m ouiiteil on carriages o f ISrillsb fashion, dra*S b y six hor^ea a n d a tten d e d b y arotm m ltlon funiiU jed w ith aoats fo r tb e a rtillery -m en- I b e * troup« w ere com m anded b y B rig ad ier üoni» p resen ted a r e r y M)ldler-like array . T h ey

bigh sp iriu , cheered D o n Carlo« cntliuûastically , and «ippeved to w ant n o th in g b u t active employ* meut, wliicb, how ever, tbe g arrison o f V jtorU waaloo wise to s i^ r d them a t its owu expense. T b e k iti^ anri suite then proceeded down tbo pnss anri th rough the town of Sjilioas, íin d l they reached Esooriaza, where tb e y rem ained fo r the iiígb t. A s tbe p re­sence of th e royal co rtege in a m ounta in village

few com forts o f b ^ a u d board fo r other trtreUer«« I proi*eeded w itb a frleud to the reai- dence c f tbe Srfarquia d e V aldcsp ina in M ondra- gOQ, w here wc rcccivcd a hospitable w elcom e which iefc us no cause to e i iv y a k ü ig . H e re we fooiid iKseuibleri, G enera l B erastcg iii, P re s id en t o f the Deputation (o r Ju n ta ) o f A U va a n d C om m andant ®f the A rm y uf R eserve ; S enur A guiluz , P resid en t of the D ep u ta tio n o f Guîpuscoo» and IntcnfU ot- General o f P u b lic V ig ilance ; S eñor M odct^ P re - «Hent o f tiie Ju n ta o f N avarre, (Juvernor g f the Supreme T rib u n a l o f tb a t k ingdom , a n d C ounsellor of S tate ; alao B rig ad ier U rb lstondo , ch ie f o f V il­la Real’s staff. T h e M o rq n is is P ro sid eu t o f the l^eputaiion o f B iscay , and, w ith the th ree other presidenIs was engaged in th e execu tion o f o royal liotamission of iovestiga tioa a n d oi^'aiiixadon of ^®*^JVces fo r the m ore effective m ain tenance o f the ^roopa, and a m ore ac tive and energe lic supply of tvery braocb o f th e public service. T h e claim s of

1 1 8 C A K U S T P R O G K E S S IN I H R E E Y E A B S.

the fortificatJonR to a liberal supp ly o f labour (it it n il the bills req u ite to m ake ihcm b ito forts) were cheerfully cuiicedcd, for th e y arc uuiversol fnvouriwir and th e peosantry o f M o i i i i r a g D n w ere a t th a t mo- m e d t ftcttiog uu exf^mplary pttCteru b y traiisform iiif \- th o lit tle m o u n t o f S an ta B a rW a , w hich ovcriiafi|» th e road above th e ir tow u, in to a v e ry cominandlBj? crow n redoub t. B u t w c w ere called b y th e Mfirqu» from th e h ills to 8up|*er, o r ra th e r to a feast. “ Yo« have arrived on s lu ck y day ,” s ^ d our h o s t ; “ Thta day th ree y ears , th e S t A o f O ctober, liiOS, (four days a f te r th e dea th of F erd in an d ), I fulfilled the com oiisdoo w hich D o n C arlos se n t m e, b y prc^ cla im ing him in D ilboa, a t th e Lead o f tw o hiuidred rncn. K in g o f S pain a n d L o rd of B iscay , Aia^a and G uipuioofu W e have had som e hard fg h tio g since to m aijnaiD h is title» and I have bo«Q burnt o u t o f house a n d hom e; b u t w c a re g e ttin g on to M ad rid notw ithstandiug- H e has now 30,»00 m en a t arm s a t h is back , and is a lready lia il|^ eathusiasTicaily as eovereign u i tw elve hundred

tow ns a n d villages.”

C H A r X E R IX .

On t i e Cth O ctober, D o n C arlos and hjft »ui(« drived a t D uraitgo a m id it tho jo y o o s acclaniatioas « f tio v h o te populatioD, tlie m ajo rity o f whom ran 001 aiid aJznost overw helm ed him w ith th e ir h ea rty »elccime. 'I h e p ttro u as , in w indows and ha) conies buB^ with shawla, c u r td n s a n d g a v dxaperiea o f all »louTi and patterns, seem ed to v ie v i th each otJier

Atcracting h is a tten tio n . O n e oM lady i a h e r burry hung o u t a chemue f N e re r d id a p rin ce

gratefully re tu rn th e kindness o f b is people, knew a thousand a o q u m ta n c e s in th e crowd,

^ ODdcavoured to convey to caeh sorae to k en of iendly teoognStion. W hat a good-Lum oured joa t-

Co g e t Dear Lim I and w h a t a m ed ley o f volun* ^ drum s, fifes a o d tabo rs th a t seem ed to p lay •11 the m errier fo r w ant o f elbow room ! Nobody ^ ^ o e d lo the m usic of the K in g ’s fine bras* band,

f «very OHO was chccriuff o r abou tu ig “ V iv a Carlos

1 2 0 C H U m ' H J X V g t C I N T H E M O U K T I I S S .

/ ” o r inak ing som e o th e r m usic of hU own; — th e n d ie daDcere w ith th e ir ftrncy drebses Hid

an d ta tn b o rin es!— b n t I cou lrfno t see oni flf th e ir fine steps fo r th e spring*lide o f ft crowi d ia t BtiU Titehed on betw een us. T h e reception k« expcrieucvd was how ever on ly a ponliauatw* w h a t h e had m e t w id i a ll ftlong h is touW fro« F ^telb i. W e w ere n e v e r b eyond th e suuini o f ibe church beilfi w hich ra n g him o u t o f one n l!* ^ an d in to ano ther. T h e a c t of r in g in g these te E n g la n d on com plim entary ociasions is a vpry com m on-plaon aOalr, and execu ted in a very pro- aoic s ty le ,— b u t i t is a d iffe ren t th in g ifl the B asq u e mountaiuR. l l i e g rea te r p a r t o f the pfltis w hich lead th ro u g h them cnxt on ly accommodet* » s in g k horse a t a tim e, so, w ishing to 9 ^ coun try and avoid eoibarrfwsing th e royal coring«»I rode h a lf a m ile o r so a liead w ith a few ir'ienM wbu happened to b e sim ilarly disposed. '1*^« ^ s la n t we c a a g h t s ig h t o f a church ir\ tiirn iog a h ill, o r ra d ie r fts *oou as th e aleeple-scniW "! ca u g h t s ig h t of « sing le horsem an, its bells ««** w h irling a n d c lan g lu g as i f th e y w ere k e p t i t u p m errily w ithou t inlcnnission K in g reached the oburch«^oor, » h e n the was d ese rted b y old and y o u ag th a t th e y n i i ^ shou t “ V iva C arlos Q u in lo !"' a t h is side, and w ord or a look in rep ly . O n h is departure,

w ere se t & i^olug again s s veh^raeo tly su before, w ithout th e aHg;htost p retension» to the production o f a n y th in g th a t could b e te rm ed a Kanconic chim e {indeed i t w ould b e ra th e r difficult, con«dcring th a t th e m ajo rity a te buLioccd b v

cuan(orpois«s o f wood, stoDc and iron , and ti>at they are »pun rouoH b y liand In rio g in g , w itli more or lesa «peed accord ing to th e good w ill o f tbe w birler; b u t tb e ir tones a re sep ara te ly r e r y fine, approaching to the q uality o f th e Chines« goug, and the eeboiug effects in tbc holiovt's o f tb» Mlia, ra jy iiig s in g u la rly a t ev e ry s tep o f o u r ronte, »fforded us a constan t sourcc o f adm iratioit. W ith i^^pect to tlie recoption w hich th e K in g m et in ^ « ry tow n and village» i th o u g h t little o r oo th ing of liie Tespcctful ranks w hich th e A lcalde, the Curé, the ch ief m en o f tlie place or th o m onka of the adjoinLig conven t p re se n ted ; theeo are m atters ®f etiquette and m atte rs o f course, t j r e n tbe young and beautifu l S eñoritas w ho cam c proine- •Wibng along t i e p a th in fu ll dres? to m ee t E l l O y ,

'^e ir rich b lack aatln inautU las throw n so g ra ttfu lly o»er tbeir ta ll com bs, th e ir ftitis p layed w ith anoh ^ air, and tlieir Bas<{uiñ(u (w hich now a ll Europf^ ^ terop ts to im itate} m anaged— I can’t find a m ore appropriate word— m ore graeofuUy s till;—all struck

« il j ajj m a tte r o f fashion as m uch a s c r i- o f loyalty , F o itn n a lo ly tliere w ere m ore

»OL. I.

certa in teals. “ W hen y o u v ia t you r a c < ^ u ^ tancesy'* w rote I .o rd C hesterfield to h is son, “ don’t p lace a n y dependence o n th e k ind rncoptjoii y « i m ay receive from the r a s t e r and im streas of the liousp, b u t carefully a tten d to tlie w ay y o u a rt trea ted b y tlie servants a n d th e ch ild re n : thns yoo w ill sp e rd ily diacovor the re a l estim ation you are held in .” T h e ru le holds eq u a lly good in the m ountains of N avarre , A lava a n d Biscay^ w here it wa« tru ly convbicinj^ to w itness th e eu thu^asm oi tlie p easan try a n d tlie d e lig h t o f th e children, • th e y crow ded ro tm d th e K in g . A t P ic d ja m il le n ^ ; the s ig h t w as m ost in trre s tiu g . T b e wofnen n n - • b raced liis hands, fe e t a n d horse, un til b e really h a d euoiigh to d o to p rev e u t th e sp irited ac iou l from tram pliiig on them . E v e ry w here th e childre* o n h is ro u te from the neighbouring; villages— w ith th e ir sa la d a a ( ta m b o u rin e s ) --^ in e « i tb p'l*«** assem bled to w elcom e h im w itb dancing,— th e n run­n in g o n before th e cortege and tu rid jig every two Of th ree m in a tes to shou t ** eiww’’ fo r th e ir own 1 shall n o t soon fo rge t tb e diiti'nffue a n d forucioQ* a ir w ith w hich o n r advanced p a r ty was ehsaUoQge^ b y som e l i t t le half-naked ch ild ren b e lon |pug t« * v illage from w hich the C hristlitos had la te ly caroe^ off th e ir spooos and porringers, breakfasts d inners. O n e audacious u rch in slood on a h«4> stones in o u r p a th and domaDdcd o f the anncd and

decorated Senoret ogidclr*,^** B um Carlisti^ A laughing brigad ier-geueral ausw ered , F iv a r b u t Uie child, disUltiog perhaps “ th o c u t c f o u r

p a rsu e d h k ia U ir r c ^ to ry w itli “Carlos Q u in io f^ w hereupon wo a ll paid h im and hftcaaee ihe ju s t trib u te to “ c n n o d a tc ourselves » i t t g w d emj>basis and diw rotioD .'’ h i short, T found patrio tism a n d loya lty fee lings “ th a t cam e boBe to the b u ^ c 5 9 a n d bosom s" o f a ll a ^ ; and I cao uow m yse lf fu lly fee l w h a t th e ex tenc o f his power IS ID these m ountains. I n E u g la n d people

lilde id e a o f iL In d ee d d ie K in^^s character « v e ry m u c h m isunderstood amoDgst us. I n the

provinces h e is w ell know n to b e o f a row t ^"H ly, eoDMderaie a u d conciliating di«poaitiou, «vei* attentive to th o feeHags a n d in te rests o f all ^ w » d liim» wliom i t seem s to b e b is s tudy to m ake

*PPy« H is a c ti, wnrds an d g es tu re s seem to spniip fpQyj consd tudonal bencvolenoc» so ^ H would be difficult fo r h im to say o r do • l ^ h diiiig, I h a re nev e r w itnessed o r hoard of ^ o g l e ac t o f fuiHteter o r ofitentatiou o n h is p a r t ;

ID th e q u ie t u rb an ity o f h is m anner and the iclty o f hie dress, ho m ore resem bles a plain

^ l i s h gen tlem an tlian a S pan ish G randee . H is ^ ttK^ are decided ly E ng lish . C onfident o f

^ '» e P t t l resp ec t a u d sym pathy , b e d id n o t atti^mpt icit Vulgar adm iradon on hia jo u rn e y b y tbe

g lit te r o f a siuglo o rra m c n t, b u t wore a ll th e way an E n g lish baC and very com fortable aurtouU The sam e taste p r e r ^ l s tliroiigbouc h is litU e court, where ACArcely a decoration iR to b e seeii, ei.c<ipt an inch « tw o o f the ribbon o f the O rd e r o f K nightboix l o f St. F erd inand , o r the G old K e y o f a cham berlain . ,

D u rin g o u r progresa 1 ava iled m yse lf o f every { oppo rtu n ity o f exam in ing in to th e ag ric u llu n J ^ operatioQS o f those partd o f K avarre , A k v a and ^ BLsiaiy ihroiig li w hich we took o u r w ay. I n a rid» • from E ste lla to D u ra n g o th e g rea te s t pos^U » ; varie ty of soil p revails, b u t ever}'w here th e L u> bnndm au was fouiKl tu rn in g It to account to the be«t o f b i i ab ility . T h e esceptaoiis w ere few and ■ fa r betvreen, a n d so s tr ik in g aa in a maoiser establish tb e ru le . IIU p lough Is indeed a ¡^oor in s tru m e n t, possessing b u t the rud iraeiils o f a share an d inould-board w ith a sing le s tilt, b u t tb e ground b e drives i t th roug ii is easily s tirred as deep *» suffiees to g ive him a generous crop, wliicb am jJ j repay" h is labour. I eaniio t speak o f the giMjdn«» ( o f the m ille t crop b y com parison, b u t th e w heat awi b arley a re equa l to any th a t E u g la n d cdu p ro d u ct' w ith double k b o u r . T h o la tte r is cbiefiy rcservff^ fo r feed ing m ules and horses, e sp ed a ily iu Biscay« w here the cultivation o f oats fU b o(T. B u t the loaize b p lan ted everyw here and eaten e v e r y wberej n o t th a t i t Is a g r ^ n p referab le e ith e r fo ra m arked

eUe crop or for d ie t, b u t i t stands a s a friend in Deed M'hich w iil th rive aoioiigst m o u u tu n mietè, rocky sleeps aod low land raarshcs, sa lt o r freeb, w tcro the pIou|;h could n o t go , o r w here otbcr coro would perisb 5 aitd , w hether ita g ra in ripen or not, w ill ce rta in ly afford a lu x u rian t crop of ibrage. A s 5ur as I saw in ray rìde» few potHtoe» were pliinted in N avarre a n d A laya cx eep t in cot­tage gardens. T h e se a re ren d e red good fo r no- tU ng b y the oatioual oookcry, in w hich th e y are treated as m ere tn rn ip s— p ee led ao d stew ed in company u i ih m eat. I p revailed on a few o f tlie Mtlroft to f ry th e Ir ish m ode o f cookery (hoilinj; tliem en tire in th e ir co ab ), b y w hich th e y are t r a o ^ formed in to an agTccablc and n u tritio u s d ie t, as some millions didly ex perience ; b u t w ith a ll our

they s till cam e to tsible w e t and taste less ; so I gave up the po in t, a n d ag re ed w ith tb o inhabitants ® holding to th e cu ltu re ond nse o f tb e ir fine white w heat, which, w hen w ell p repared , affords tho m ost ex q o i^ tc b read . T h e y do n o t, indeed , w onom ise in th e ir bak io g , ao d for w an t o f p roper W m m ake i t tw ice a? heavy as tb a t o f E ngland OF r ra n e e . H ow ever, i t affords tb e soldiers snb- i t a n t i a l ra tioos ; tb e y lik e i t w ell, a n d receive us m uch of i t a o d o f b ee f as th e y eon p O t t i W y consum e (* ith a little to spare in exchange for reg e tab le« ) j

th rive well on both , a re w ell con tcn t witho 3

bo th , a o d w hat m oro cnn b e desired iu sucL a ease ? I a tb e coun try ad jo in in g the coai^t, th o m il u much cooler, a n d produces r e r y fine poatofte . A t tbe siege o f B ilboa, w e foand the p c a ia u try cu ltlv ad r^ an d cooking; them to perfection.

O n descend ing froin the h ig h t&ble land ef N a?arro a n d A lavd th rough th e renow ned p»8i of Salinas, a lo n g tb e banks o f the r iv e r Deba b y tbe g re a t road Irom A U va in to G uipuscoa, n ew featares appeared . H e re th e tu ro lp a n d clover e a itu re bf^&i> au d tb e w beat was disooQtiniied. N o t a p lough was to b e s e rn , a ll tbe w ork b e in g perform ed w ith the spade-fork a n d hoc ; a n d i t ia su rp ris ing to (ob­serve th e q u a o tity o f ^ u n d whleU oven one laan cAn tu rn u p w ith a p a ir o f th e form er, workijtg b o th togetlier, one w ith th o r ig h t hand a n d foot, and tb e o ther s im ilarly wi(b the left. B u t w hen a dozeu m en club th e ir forks to tu rn over a field, ihe superio rity of thia m ode o f culCore is seen most s tr ik in g ly . S tan d in g in a lin e , th e y s trik e the® dow n perpend icu larly ,— th e n pu ll altoer’th c r, onA tu rn oTor a v>d tb a t w ould astonUL a u English p loughm an. S tep p in g back, th e y rep e a t the ir com­bined m oyem eiit) a n d tb iis a field ia rap id ly and deep ly tilled . T h e h eigb t? o f A rlaban above onf road exhib ited on e i th e r hand th e ra re s ig h t of p astu res ev e r verdan t from th e coustan t supp ly of m o b tu re from tbe loW 'Sailing clouda ( Q o t a b l e lA

H Ü S B A l i D R Y O P B I S C A T . 1 2 7

the dispatches o f G en e ra l E y an s as ** th e f c ^ ” ). T h e vioes, no l o n ^ ^ ab le to rip en a-ficld, crcop u p ths cottage balconies a u d h an g io i«6U>ons. F u r ­th«? on, n e a r th e tow n o f M ondrngon, roses grow lu rn rian tly , aud the narrow valley for Eoiles seem« one garden. A t tlie u p p e r cn traoce b y th e cam]) of A rlabau , a few b a m e d houses m a rk th e ro u te of tbe A ng lo-Spanisb forccs o q tlielr^isasCrous a ttem p t to p en e tra te tL b fortress-vallcy . B elow a ll wax smiling security , peacc, a n d p len ty . O n arriv in g a t D u rau g o 1 esam in ed w ith m inuteness th e sty le o i garden cultivation w hich prevm led a r o u j i d .

M aize w as th e stap le article , gen era lly suppo rting a crop o f cUmhuig aliibias. T u rn ip fields in te rvened , and «ereral o f the la tte r a l s o exh ib ited rich crops of clover sp rin g in g u p to aucceod them . N o t a fallow was to b e s e e n ; and som e fields p resen ted the ex tra ­ordinary com bination o f m aize, alubias, tu rn ip s aud clover a ll g row ing fre e ly to g e th er, th e m ai«e and turnips k ee p in g th e ir p ro p er distaJices— th e alubias <diaibing as usual— a n d th e you n g clover covering every inch o f soil betw een . I n addition to all this, I haye seen pum pk ins and calabashes carefully plAnted o n th e d ry -bauks or bo rders w liere paths croescil a field, affording th e Mr, lig h t, and w arm th «esectial lo th e ir developm ent.

T h e arom atic h erb ag e of A lava p resen ts a rich field fo r the ra iig e o f tlie honey-bee, and houses

c 4

actua lly fai] o f h iv « conatructcd o f large boUow logt o f cirab«r bu ilt in to th e wall, w ere to b e « e n p«rclied in m ost p ic tu rcsque sitoaCioos under crags, whicli rosé over bead like steeples, o r slood o u t like lio rsos re a rin g m d read y to s la r t from the cliff. P o r t io n s .o f thcee ru g g ed rocke aud tiio ir h c r b e ^ p resen ted m ost Éàutastìc profiles and figiires o f m en and anim als. A fine you n g French m u le on w bich 1 code» seem ed very mucL pu&sled w ith ib e appenrance o f tJie country» as tb c steep a n d QWJTOW m ouuta in tracks som etim es b rough t us to a sharp tu rn over tlie edge o f a to rren t, someCiin«» to a na tu ra l wall o f roeU» up w hich we w ere u> clim b as best we m ig h t ; som elitues d ie strand descended to dip road— (1 say dftt^ndtdy fo r all above was crum bliog sh ing le th a t strew ed tb e ruad like a sea-side scene, ex cep t th a t tho fragm ents w ere n o t rounded ,) som etim es d ie road d ipped inla tho bed o f tb e r i? e r . A t dtne« i t le d through a rav ine w here we could u o t see m an y fe e t b e fw i u s ; th e n a little fu rth e r o a , a sp lendid ¡>anorama opened arom id. Som eiim e* a p a tb led r ig h t over d ie he ig h t o f a m ountain (like tb c R om an roads in W ales, to p rev e n t am buscodes) which afforded d»e m<ist splendid v iew s 5 b u t these aro p rec ise ly tbe land coarks o f th e bees as tb e y jo u rn e y over the provinees, w here th e y assem ble iu sucb inquisitive crowds tb a t i t was impossible to ad ju st a telescope

ìD ih e ìr com pauy. M y mule» who had a n ey e to tlie p ic turesque, k e p t m e conetan tly o n tJie yui cit« ? She saw a thousaud strange i»hap«s in the fentasiic rocka and rootit around a n d above her. Som etim es slic w ould sp y a score o f w olrea rusliing liowa ou us am ong tKe long sla te fragtnenU cW bed with fern ; som etim es a hugt? boulder o f rock w ith iu g arm ent o f s h a g ^ heath lay r ig h t o n tb e road like a lion in th e p a th ; w hile the ro a r o f a live r uodc^Tound (over w hich a m £Ù zc^orered field hjtd quietly slid dow n) added new te rro rs to th e sigh t. She s&irted a thousand tim es o n such discoveries, but nc7cr stum bled. In d ee d 1 m ay say I dally owed my life to b e r care , fo r although in b e r alarm s and side bounds h er b in d f e e t som etim es slipped over the edge o f a precip ice, sh e alw ays held fast w ith her tw o fore ones; th u s g iv in g m e tim e to j iu n p off (or ra th e r ow)t a n d assist h e r to g a iu terra Jirm n again. M y fellow travellers as w ell as th e ir m ules and horses w ere accustom ed to theae th ings, and passed a lo n g m errily w ithou t m ind ing th e p lc lu - tesqoe, luaking; th e w oods and Tulle^'s r in g w ith the splendid chorus o f “ V ìva D on C a r la and the

which the G u id es o fN a v a rre s liig ou m arch- i» g in to b a ttle idrs, w hich uo d o u b t have w ou iMioy fields for the k lug . E n thusiasm carries the day iu S pain as w ell as ev e ry w here else.

T h e w eek before th e ro y a l c o r t ^ e reavJisd u 5

Diir&ugOf V bcouoS H iüielagh a n d CouuC M o rU n haH a r r ire d tb c rc . T h e y w ere rece ived b y ihe K ing o n Uis €Olry wiUt Ids usual courtesy a n d k iiidoen , a n d th e la tte r w as speedily p laced ou th e Rtaff of th e C ^n e ra l in C hief, V illa E eid . T h e form er, wbo had com ineiiced a to u r o f N .ivarre and th e Uasqae P rovince« , rem ained tinatQol)«d, d ll G eu e ra l F ^u la took the coram and aS the siege o f B llboa iu tbe beg inn ing o f N orcm bor, w hen b e accom panied him us a vo lu n teer A yudau te . L o rd KaiielajS^b avowed th a t hi» ch icf o b jec t in com ing to th e co u rt o f D oq Carlo#! w as to e iid ea ro u r to p re ra ll o n his minislpy tonboligh tho cruel D ec ree o fD u ra o g o ;— ilie enact- m e a t o f w hich liad created such a s trong preju* d icc th rough the n r itis h em pire, against botli h o cause a u d h is adm inistration . S evera l ijitervi«ws tixtk p lace, h n t the u tm o s t th a t S eñ o r K rro c o d I c I

be prevailed o u bi accede to , w as, the ex teusiou o( th e benefit o f the L lio t convention to a ll BriiisJv soldiers a u d marincfi sc rv in » u n d e r f.o rd Jo h tj Hay» and ac*tually in the serv ice o f ULs B rita n n ic M ajesty . F in a lly on the I2 lh o f O efober, orders w ere se n t by the M in is te r o f W ar, to the com rnandftnis on the coast-line to respect all prisoners w ho m igh t be tftken w earing the B ritish cockade. IT ie following m anifesto (subsequen tly published) explains very clearly th e dijttinction tnJien b y ü ie Carlist« beti^ ien th e tw o classes o f Brítítdi troops.

12

« R O Y A L D K C K E E .

«* 'F h c K in g o u i m aslcr, b e u ig dewroua o f d rtw - u ig a ju s t disiiiicCion be tw een the reg u la r foreigu troops a o d tbc m ercenaTy ad v en tu rers who, i a con­sequence o f crim e« agsuust society, ore ob iiged to fly to tlie s tandard w hw li revolution raises iu o ther couDtties, a n d now d irec ts ag a in st S p a i i i a n d williug to g ive a p roo f o f liis b en ev o len t princip les and h igh sentim ent», hrtth o rdered a n d dotli decree

u foUov 'S i—“ T h a t th e officers a n d m en o f th e R oyal EugllsJi

M arines, who, obli^'ed b y o rder o ftiie iigove iu jD cn t, ta v e com e in com piiancc w ith th e ir d u ty , possibly against the d ic tates o f th e ir ow u conscieuces and free w ill, to tlie coasts o f G u ipuscoa and B iscay, \a d w ho m ay M l b y th e fo rtuue o f w ar in to t i e k inds iii the troops o f bis M a jes ty , shall be respected and beld ax prisoners o f '«'ar, tb c decrce o f D u ­rango published before the rec ru itm en t, app ly ing nlone to ad v en tu rers w ho abandoniog th e ir own hom«s a n d reiiuuneiiig tlie law? o f th e ir coun try , come voluDtaxily to e s te n d an a rch y a u d g iv e a fo- reign assistance to a caasc w ith wLicb th e y have no concern.

(S ig n ed ) “ n . E rro .”

“ V illareal, J u ly 15,

T h e la tte r d a te appears to req u ire som e c sp la - g 6

nation . N otliing had b een hea rd o f tbi¡» decree, p rev ious to L o rd K anelagh’s ag ita tion o f tho tion in the b o ^ n n in g o f O ctobor, a n d the above did c o t appear iu tiie pu b lic jo u iu o ls un til th e 2 4 th uf M arch 1637, tw o m onths a u d a h a lf a f te r tb e retir«?- m e u t o f S eñ o r E rro .

T h e C ouncils u f w ar a n d o f d ie iD lerior speedily iu rivcd a t D u m n ^ and , as w ell as a ll th e other fuccdouarios assem bled tliere> earnestly engaged in th e active urgaoizatio ii o f th e ir several depdrt- loen ts. T h e L ie u ten a n t-G en e ra l M orcnoeaceeeded th e la te C oun t V ille in u i vb P re s id e n t o f tb e council 4)fw a r . H is asFOÓates w ere M ajo r-G en e ra l M asâ- rasa , M ajo r-G crera} O iabanco, and M ajor-G cnersi M artine« . T b e cuuucll o f th e in te rio r waB com­posed a s fo llow s:— Sc*fior A suarez , Pre»>Ídex]t* T h en follow S eñors M oran , M anzano, M odet, L am aspardo , E cya ldo , Lavanco, ao d the M arquis d c Valdeepiua.

0 (1 th e n til o f O ctobcr, a new brass loortar, cast a t O ila to , w as b rough t to D u rsu g o fo r the iuspcc- uon o f t l o K ing . I t was considered tbe b es t piece o f w ork w hich the H oval foundries had tu rn e d out, aud cerUiliily did grcac c r rd i t to tb e artist, ¿ícñor K stebau K cbebaster, cm sld e rin g the m any difficul­tie s h e had to con tend w itb in tb e foroiadon o f so heavy a p iece c f w ork, i t w eighs 7 6 urobas, cach of 26lbs. KugUsli (17 c w t 12 qrs. t 6 lb .) and U 14

pulgadoa (1 8 inches Englisl») calib re. T h e execu­tion of th is p iece o f ordjiancc speaks sufficieutly for tLc progress w hicli tb e CarlbCs liave m ade in the Eirt o f bntiss-foun<!iDg willkin th e W t tw o y^arS; since tho tim e t i a t C ap tiuu K ey n a (w ho had never seeo a caiuiOQ-fnundty) first tr ie d h is h an d a t it, and tPUisforiDed th e ir bras» po ts and candlesticks in to small morlftre a n d howitzers.

W h ik t these worka w ere iu p rog ress a t O fiatc, and correspondiug preparation» w ere everyw here m aking i a silence fo r tl^e siege o f B ilboa o r Vitorifi, ( I beliove i t w as n o t decided till th e 18 th O ctober, tha t tL e s tren g th o f th e C arlist a im y should b e brought ag a in st th e form er) 1 m ade a to u t in eona- paijy w ith a M en d am ongst tlie R o y a l fiiclories o f arms and am m unition, wWcb, o w iog to th e dctacbed positions o f th e works, req u ired several days to exa- n io e them biitlsfactyrily. T h e artisans, for tbe inn&l p art, w orked in th e ir ow n houses, m ills, and forges, w hich th e engrossing claim s o f th is eventful content had o v e ry rh c re c'OQverted fr<nn the fulfil- Qient o f tb e purposes o f poaeeful industry , to th e fiAricitfion of w eapons and m uuitions o f war. T b e ir pruductious w ere, how ever, o f a v e ry superio r elais in every th ing re la tin g to sm all aru is, in w hich, in* doed, th e y Lave had considerable ex p e rien ce ; the artiiUQ» o f E rm ua, E ib a r, E lgo ibar, a u d P lacentia having bccQ constaa lly engaged iu the m anu^icture

VM MAKUFACTUKE OF ARaiS«

o f m uakett, bayonets, aw ords n nd p isto ls to supply th e H oyal arm ies for generations j>a5t T h e feel­in g s aud in te res ts w L k h n a tn ra liy sp ru n g o u t o f th e ir coDuectioQS a n d couatanC in tercourse w ith t h t au tho rities a t M adrid , te n d ed in th e b c |^ n iiiu g oi the w ar v e ry eoneiderably to re ta rd th e sucee«se« o f D o n C arlos in tiiis d istric t, fo r th e Spaniards do n o t easily forc|>) tb e ir h ab its s iu i a s so c ia te in w hatever cause th e y Lave b een a d o p ted ; a n d Jt was on ly th e <»Yerwhelmin^ force o f pubU c opin ion m h is favonr th ro u g h o u t B iscay a n d G uipuscoa w hich prevailed on tUe stubborn artisans o f tho valley« of th e R io D e b a to c h a n ^ th e ir hauds, and snpply th e arm y o f D o n C arlus instead o f tbat o f C bristioa. A s I rode from D u ra n g o to E rm u a , a lo n |; the ex­ce lle n t road w hich w as cu t th rough these m ouu ta lo l b y th e M arqn is d e V alde^pina ju s t before tlie w ar broke ou t, 1 saw a s tr ik in g illuq tration o f their te u a d ly to th e u ite res ts o f th e ir th e u em ployorg. T h e ftunily re» d eu ce o f th is noblem an » t th a t period was a v e ry fine building« o rcc ted in 1730, a n d b iow n th ro o g b o u t S pain as E i P alacio d e E rm ua, situated io the cen tre o f a lo n g a n d imrrow valley rich ifl p»tor% l beanCy. T h e ro ck y lu lls erow ncd w itb fo­rests , look dow n o n the n ea t v illage clustered around th e church w hose cupola and sp ire rise ^ c e f o U y if> th e m id s t; the lit tle r iv er D e b a which leaps dowu from m ill to n u ll to toiD th e arm ourers’ la thes and

blow th e ii forge fires, w inds throngl» th e palace g&rden, anti ha tkea l a scu lp tu red waUs. P i c t u r ^ u e combinadoDS o p en a t ev e ry stóp, h u í , a l a s ! D o ­

t t i n g of the palace, save tlie walls, teowiD.O n th e U tU o f A u g u st, 1834, a p a rty of

Urbanos from th e ad jo im u g tow n of E ib a r, hastened to fulfil th e denunciadons of R od il, a n d am viii|^ aC E m u a , p lundered and Üien se t fire to th e palace aud five o tbef housefi, also tb e p ro p e rty o f die Marc^uis d e V aldespina. A collection o f po in tings (perhaps the m ost valuab le possessed b y a sub ject in Spain ,) in c lu d in g soioe ekrfs < f ^ c r a o f T idaD , M urillo, an d one precious P ie to ” b yR aphael, w ere a ll coosnm ed or destroyed b y the C hiistinos. ! saw tJie rem aijis o f one, “ T h e tak ing dow n from th e Cross,” b y T itia n , w hich in the g eu e ra l confusión bad fallt*D from tb e walls, and m ight h a re escaped i f one of th« incendiaries bad n o t w antonly m ode th e si|fn o f d ie eross witii hia s « w d ou the p ic tn re b y slashing tiiro o g h it right and ic fu A n e x te n s ile E b ra ry also perished in th e ñam es, am ougst w hich ih e ow ner had t» deplore m an y au c len t maiiuseri]>ts O J id a collecoon of vrorks in the B osque h iognage, inc lud ing voloable uatíonal a n d h isto rical docum ents, som e b y the first A m erican d isoovcrers:—am ongst o thers, “ /> i Ä ’-

di Actas de Juntas GmeraUs Vizcaya,and “ X a C ronolo^ia de log S e v r e s <U V ixcayn,"

ed iied b y th« K in g D o n P ed io , a n d p r in te d for h im a t the K oyal p ress a t T j r i n . T h e eoltd cen tnd cupola and sp ire (buU t b y d ie m unificent ancoeCor o f th e M a rq u is i a th e sam e sty le as th a t w ith w hich h e crow ned the ad jo iu ing cburch) ed il re- zDiuoH, au d \ooVs o u t p roud ly over th e m assive'* alia. T h e ow ner (who possesses th e g rea te s t lauded p ro p e rty in ih e p rov ince) waa n a tn ra lly au idous t4> reliu ild h js palace, b u t w isely postponed th is pleasure tiJI the re m n a n t o f th e C hristioos sbouh l b e expelled from its cap ita l (only seven lel^¿ues d is tan t) , a task in w hich b e w as n o t a lit tle in te re s te d iu h is capacity o f P re s id en t o f th e C a rlis t Ju n ta .

A u d w h atb ecam o of th e p lundering incendiary U rbanos o f F.ib«r i T h e i r ev il s p i r i t R od il, being d riven o u t soon a f te r b y Z um alacarregui, tb e y were lefs a t tbe m ercy o f those th e y h a d ou traged— were forg iven— grow asham ed o f themselves^—and havo e v e r wjice b e e n hard a t w ork in th e ir ow n fires on acco u n t o f B o n C'axlos,— lab o u rin g iu th e ir voca­tio n to rep a ir tb e laifichief th e y b a d b een d o in g to th e cause,— as 1 found o n coiitijiuing m y rou te a m ile o r tw o beyond E rm ua. T h e a m u g e m e n ts o f the Queen*a G enera ls lu th e formaUon of th e arm ies w hich succesuveiy invaded th e B asque provinces and N avarre , afforded tho C arlists a good opj>ortu- n ity o f d iscrim inating a u d dea lu ig w iili t l e i r foe*. T h e y had one class en listed from the re fu se and

despcndo«d of society, in c lu d in g C arlU t deserters, who « r y e d both fts m ilita ry a n d police; w ere cloüi«d, msiiitaincd au d arm ed iu tb e m o st com plete sty le , reeciveda p ese ta a d a y (about four lim es d iepay of a so ld ier o f tb e Une), w ere p e rm itted to plunder, im prison, & c., a t d iscretion— and , w com­plete the p ic ture, w ere allow ed to carry bayonets with j a ^ c d pointa, w hieb g a v r iucurab le wounds. These ruffians w ere rap id ly p icked off b y tbe KaFarrcse sbaipsbooten* who alw ays p a i d th e C R p e - cial com plim ent o f i^m ing a t tb c m io préférence, »tkI, when ta k e n prisoners, w ere nev e r a<lmitted to d i^ a c e the ra n k s o f the C a tlis t peasan try (who, indeed, would n o t have gerred w itb them ) ; and, previous to the ÉUot convention, w hether In tb e field or afte r i l , th e ir doom was fixed. N ow any tlial a rc cap tu red , o f th e few w bo y e t su rv ive tbe ctnpaig iia u f Zuroalacorregui, ar«? k e p t a t hard labour o n th e roads a n d fortifications, and in tbe rep d r o f t3ie conveuts, & c. destroyed b y R odil with the ir especial a^ is la n c e . T b e C hristino troops o f tb e Une w ben taken prisoners, w ere, ever aince tbe c ^ tlu re o f t c b a r r i A rrannz by Zum aln- currejpii (even before tb e E lio t couventioo) p e r - outted to serve i f th e y w ished, iu tbo CarÜst ranks ; and sincc th a t trea ty bave b een a a w ell lodged and fed 96 th e ir captore, w hile w aitiug to b e escliaugcd according to its provisioiia. T b e th ird class, th e

1 3 8 E C O N O M I C A L A D A P T A T I O iJ .

Urhanos» b a?o Iw eu gen era lly s till m ore f a v o iu ^ y tr€*tcd , a s i t was coiisidered th e y w ere fighting agauisC D o n Carloft b y com pulsion a n d p a r c irea ^ skof£f^ b e io g fix ta re s uud p arts o f tb e v ill it T b « e of K ibar w ere th e m ost m is c b ie ^ u a i a ib c ir wey th a t I have y e t board of> a n d th e ir le n ie n t trcatxDeBt o u subm ission m ay b e ta k e n as fa ll p roo f o f th« wuse a o d pacific pu lley pu rsaed b y D o n Carloi tow ards tb e popalations o f othcrlwwtjIelowoBwhiek

b av e & lk n in to b is bands.I saw io ibw T alley a n ingen ious adajitalioo of

Datural reaourcea. I n fo rm ing the new roail, a q u ao tity o f th in flag s tra ta liad b fcn q u am ed th ro u g h . T h o se th e peasan try b s d fixed oo e<ig« round tiie lr new fields ad jo in ing tb e road, a u d as tbe y a lle y is in m an y j a r t s ra th e r narrow , these liag^ w hich a re alm ost as th in as to n slates« economised space m ost conTeuieotly- T b e y b av e n o t a very ru ra l appearance, fo r tb o y transform tKo eu o lo so r^ in to som eth ing lik e card b o x e s ; b u t an K o g li^ cyo is g lad to fiod o n y th iu g o f a s la ty stru c tu re w repose o n b y tb e w ayside, a f te r d ie endless exjtaus« o f tiles w bich Spanish roofe p resen t. 1 d id n e t see a sing le sla ted house th e re , a lth o n g b I h a re no doubt tlia t tiiose th in flags w ould answ er tb c purpc«® v e ry weU, and b e m u d i U ^b ler than tb e load of pan tile s b i d upon tlie rafters. T b e peasauCry wcf« a ll a-field as I rode along , U irM hing tlie chestnai

crccs witii loog; saplings, w hile the clu ldren g a th ered up the £ruity aod the w om en cstrricd hom e th e fa ll haskois on th e ir heads. C hestou ts bo iled and roasted are a i th is season found o n e^ c ry d inner table, arid appear to furm a v e ry m ateria l artic le of whiter fixtd in th e n a s q u c provinces. T h e O c to lw sujiRhiiie s c o r c h i D g u p tbe m(uz«> foliage. E s e e p t in the d eep aud shady valleys tlila crop au d i u d ing ing tr ib u te o f a lub ias w c rr a lm ost ripo every­where, and th e & rm ers o f I jiscay w ere incessantly reapiog a n d thm sh ing . T h e b a rn flirfir o f the Urbanus o f D uraisgo was th e s tre e t before th e ir owu d o o T sw ept clean, and t h e y could n o t have a better while the w eather continued fine. T h e four streets o f the tow n ru n in para lle l lines from the a& rket-ploce to th e B a rrie r P laza a t th e o th e r end. These a re a ll nea tly flagged w itb Mind stone (iirouglioul^ a n d from one n d e to the o th e r laid With such a atrand fall th a t tlie ra in is conducted to » shallow open aew er in tb e c e n tre (in to w hich aUo ^ 0 p ro jec tin g roofs p o u r i t eoa nmore.), w hence frequent nitn ierous sm all ho les conduct i t in to covered sewers b en eath . T h e w idest s tre e t is ju s t five yard* a n d a half, b u t as v e ry few cars ever pe^ietrate beyond th e ¡a v e d m a rk e t p lace cx ecp t in

lim e, the flogging lasts f o r ever.H av ing inspected tli< several stages o f th e g iin

*“ d sword fab rlta tio n in w hich the w orkm en of

E ib a r w ere eo gaged , (w L erd o , as f v ns 1 could jo d g e , th e y d isplayed every proficiency aliBinabls in ( l i t abscoce u f a team pow er a n d the reu 2»(leM iM Chiuery i t in rootiuo in EogUuid for tlie im p ro rem eu t o f ev e ry to t)— 1 continued m y route to ri&cendo« a lo n g tb e h an k s u f th e riv er I> eb^ T h e ag rieu ltu ra l asp ec t w hich th is steep a iid narrow w U ey presents^ speaks h ig lily fo r th e am ouu l of intolUgeooe a u d p a tie n t labour en g a g ed iu its co la- vatiun. T b e n a tu ra l slope o f th e eu d ro surface for miJcs above and below P laeen tJa, k the greatest o f a n y 1 h a re ever seeu under eu lto ie ; so ^reat, iudeed , th a t th e raoun la in show ers w hich faU in to rren ts , T?uuld waah cho soil and itA crop ia io tlie r iv er i f the farm ers had n o t taken th e precaution to th row i t in to U ttlc U 'rr^e » a t ev e ry few yard«. T h e se seem , from the o p p o ^ te side , to p resen t a countless su cce^ io n of w avy steps> u p w hich iJie specta to r im nglues lie could w alk teria tim , atid w hich are in rea lity so close, th a t to r th e most p«rt, th e arab le surface is on ly four o r five yardi atiToss, and in som e place«» a m an s tand ing uu the edge o f one s te p , could toueh th e uej^t above hmi w itb h is w alk ing stick . T h e orlgpnal surface of th e slope is now here ti> b e seen, T b e p re se n t is a ll M tificlal, and, v iew ed io profile a t sharp tu rns of th e road, afford» a s tr ik in g a lte rna tion o f facets, oue se t n ea rly horiion la l, th e o th e r n early vertical

like the w lbonctte o f a saw or o f a staircaac. In m any parts , the « traía o f re d ironstone wWch pnmpo«c these roounUijns stands ao u p r ig h t diaC the farmer sparc8 h im self the trouble o f bu ild ing artifi­cial walls, t n d hav ing ad ju sted th e soil oo tíieir several edges or land ing-p laces, sows h is m a iié thereon, or leaves i t to th row u p a nfvPiral herbage for the ca ttle th a t tra re rae these ridges w ith a ll the «aíce íéo f wild goats. T h e g en e ra l frotilal aspect bears a w him sical resetub lance to the w a ry p a tte rn that C onstable has im pressed u|*oo th e p a ten t calico b ind ing o f hia oew ed itions, and w ould pro- hably rem ind a fislierm an u f th e ripp les o f a sandy ehore a t fu ll ebb. A Sonth-dow n ftirmer would feel sorely p n u lv d s t tb e » g b t, and , perhaps, re tu ra home in a s ta te o f su rp rise ad m ittio g o f n o Increase even i f h e w ere to find the face o f the c life of lX)ver cu ltivated to the. sum m it.

A t P lac en tia we found the C ata R e a l converted into ih e raag n z in e of t i e c a tire m anufactu fing dis- Erict u n d er th e su perin tendence o f D o n M anoel de Congosto, D irec to r-G en e ra l o f th e fabrication of

b y whom the varioua sto res w ere throw n open to our inspection. W e saw th e operations in every departm ent p ro c e d í n g w ith th e m ost satisfactory rf“¿ u la rity , each artic le m ade or repa ired aeeonling lo approved p a tte rn s , th e n exam ined and proved with jea lo u s care. T h e reg u la tio n m usket is th a t

appruved <»£ in 1628 and c c n S m e d b v D o n Carlo* ia 1 8 3 0 ; tb e barre l o f a ca lib re Heiwcea Ihoee of E ag U iid an d F ranco (&cvent«9n bu lle ts to tlie pound), secured to tb e w aluuc i t o d i b y th ree b r« s claa]>s aoH spriogis : th e priming^ p a a is aUo brai% th e well-rouQded b u t t g;uard is sieel. T h e w ork « beau tifu lly tu rn e d o u t o f }ianH, and w lien placed side b y sido w ith an F n g lis li m usket, appears a very lu p e rio r artic lc , T h e S paniards iufiDitely prefer itf docÌQJÌn|t; i t carries fa r th e r^ w il i b ea r more bardsb ip though m uch lig h te r , a u d lasily> will fit an y m an’s sho u ld er; a ll m atte rs of m om ent in Spfr* D i s b w a rt^ e . T h o b ay o n e t is ad ju sted o n the oiu?«le b y a sUdo n n p T h e en tire cost is »Ix dollajn; » p rice ra th e r h ig h w ben com pared w ith w bat our B irm inglnun m illers w ill g n u d u p a b atch ai« for ex p o rt to A frica, viz., n lo e shilling's ea e h ; v e t still m oderate w heii couiparod to '* lia t o u t in tk u try mus- k e ts cost, v i^ , thirty*Cwo >4}ullin^ each«

T b e w orkm en could tu rn o u t 1000 m uskets tmà bayoueld p e r m ontb , w hich a re in snch dem and for tlie A stu rL u , C ata loo ia, A rm gon and C asille , tb s t a v e ry suutU stock rem ains in s to re a t a n v time, 'l'ho m ost conspicnons lo t oit hand Miis labelted ^¡e»a n xo m p u e ilo " (E n g lish repa ired )— a very ne­cessary p recau tion ìjcfore u n n g th e spccies o f article 9cnt to S p d a as a sam ple o f B ritish m anuià« ' tu re , a n d w bich (w hether p laced io tb e b inds of

I

i

Spanish ChxisUnos o r W tfstm liister auziU aries) s$em to liave been constructed on $ucb destruc tive d « m o c n tic (jrm dplcs tb a t th e y kave »uccessfuJly kickcd tl)em*elve9 aud tb e ir m asters h o n de covilat. T h e 6ictori«M in coim ection w ith PJacenCia could tu rn out 3000 m uskote p e r m onth i f a t fu ll work, for th«y mu&ier 400 a rd M c a ; b u t tbe was th a t the line v s of w ar w ere defic ien t i a th e proviuceS) and m tboir abaeuce th e m oat im p o rtan t capabilities lay uucnlrivated. D o n C arlos, l a tbi» a a d tw enty ttlie r instaucea, reaeaib les a m an v i tb thouaauds

poujids a t h is banker’ , noab le to lay ikis hand OB paper, p e n , a n d iu k , to w rite a d raft for t h e m 80 h e coQ teots h im self w ith r e p ^ n n g tb e dlR ,600 m usketa se n t o u t b y L o rd P alm erston , According a« th e y in to hi« luuida.

A t the u p p er e n d o f th o tow n I fuuud a w ork in progress of a n a tu re th a t ra th e r su rp rised me. An A ugustiu ian cous'ent (which, for w an t o f room ^ th« honk o f th e r l r e r , h a d actua lly l>eeu bu ilt iu •t'* bed), bad last 'w iater b c e u sh^tken dow n Tcry «uciremonloojily b y th e heavy floods w hich rag ed th ro jgh the channel, b u rlin g a lo n g h u g e boulders ^ foreign aspect b ro n g h t from tb e d is tan t sierra»». T h e good Paslres, n o th in g d au n ted b y th e w ar of ♦lem enu, th e w reck o f raoiiasterles o r th e th rea ts o f Uturiz and M e n d k ab e l, im m ediate ly proceeded to febiiild the ir dw elling w ith additious a n d im prove-

m onis. T lie c n tíre (wliieb form ed a little r i lk o f iisclf) appeanKl alm ost finishedf a n d stood h«iMl to flood, Uk<? a n Ímui«;use floating; b ath , furuísbed M ihc how w ith w b a tin ih c steam ere on iho M Isw- u p p i w ould b e te rm ed a SQag‘-room , a ]>rojectlng pcÁnted cakson to abide the w ear a n d tear o f tbuM quadrup le allied levellers, storro, ra ía , floods t a i ro ck ^ ñ tr m ore dnogeroiis than the deiDOcrtCi M adrid i a t lea^t, so th e A ugustin ia iu soeured to tb iak f fo r th e y w ere g o in g to eoa«Íderablf ex­pense io tb e re-ed ifieatlou o f th e ir convcnt. I ha¿ m e t w ith m an y liistancos o f con tem pt o f the Queen*# au tho rity , and confidence in th e stab ility of the pow er o f D o n C arlo s; b u t th is practica} iJlua&’auon was th e moat couvincing o f all. I p lace Uttle rele onoe o n m v own capabilities o f esíÍm atio|^ the chancos and cbangos o f th is civil w ar, b u t I tn ter- ta in a g r « i t re sp e c t fo r th e an tb o rlty n f the holy fa the rs o u s iid i a controversi^il po iiit. I d id n o t lie« n w ord o f the ir preacbit)g> b n t th e ir practice *'W quiti^ auffiden i fo r m e, ao d 1 departed w ith a b e lie f th a t th e or<ler fo r th e dissolution o f monas* te ries conld n o t easily be carried in to effect in th® loyal tow n of P la c e n tia :— also th a t the water-pal®*® o f th e A ugustin ian« m igh t b e safely insured a t » v e ry trifling p rem ium ,— “ tb e daugers o f th e waves

and rocks alw ays escep ted .”C o n tio u in g o u r coursc to V ergaro , we inspected

I

the m ilitary bo«pilal fo r G u ip n ico a eituatcH tlierf, tben coutaininsr \ w w oonded a o d 5 0 sick. I t was by no m ^ iia eqna l to th a t o f Y rach e in Nararrc*. There was n o separate classification of ease« q d r in g su rg ica l treaO neut, so th e o ther patien ts’ nerve» w ere o f coiiree freqooutly trierf b y ib e p c r- T iraance of operations w hich had b een b e tte r kep t out o f sight. T h e floor o f th o B otica w as pieotltTjlIv stpoved with leave« o f tlie Cynofflossum, Iledrrm ea

roots o f the 7m fih< /v , th e ¿»«¿a»bm th iiw m arat a 'ld a m u ltitude o f na tive herbs re- cently gath.fred to dry . T iic re seem ed n o w an t ol raedieal m aterials, b u t th e surj^ical d ep a rtm en t was ''«ry dcfectiye. O n e poor fellow had received a iitt^uUr w ound ; a ball p ie rced b is left eyo, con- cioued its course a n d finally lodged honeath tho m aullary m uscle, w here i t could p la in ly b e felt, h a lf *ay betw een th e e a r and eyebrow , T h e Jioticario ^ p rudently le ft i t there , and th e p a tio n t was p t i t n g woU, w alk ing abou t, a o d feeling v e ry Ih lle

«iconvcnitiuoo ex ccp t w hen h e a ttem p ted to tta n n g c » hard crust.

^^nic friends, resid en t in the to » m took us to th e ^ « v e ii t of ita u ta M ariji, whose nu n s liwl em brol-

ered a uniform coat for D o u C arlos ( th e firs t worn y i'lm io B iscay) w bile th o tow n w as actua lly

^ tfae hands of the C hristinos, ju s t p revious to the ir«‘At a t D e»carga,— a d anw rou« ijidu leence of

’ OU L

I14t» C O N V E N T o r S A N T A H A B I A .

patrioibm, w hich E sp a rte ro vouLd» Lad h e Aiio> vercrl i t , have p robab ly tep iu d b y getting th « r house on fire. H e re w e had Ú¡e p l« w u re o f se e ii^ tw o v e ry fiü^ ehiJdreu of Z um aU carregui, rcsidiog for th e ir ed u ca tio n ; D o ñ a Ignacia« the belreae of th e dukedom o f V ito ria , e ig h t a u d a ha lf y ea rs old, ä iid h e r sis ter D o ñ a P e p ita , a g e d seven . A iliird g ir l M ich eiJa , o f th fec y ea rs o f a g e , w as w ith her iDutiier. W e w ere h e re aL»o io troduced to a beaiH t i f c l g ir l o f six teen o r »«venteen, D o ñ a V ic^rta CostAU, whocQ E o d il had io a « tvnge mood o rdered lo be th iow u in to th e b u rn in g bouse r f h e r fether w ho w m suspected o f C a riiaa . p a r ty o f d e a tru c liv « engaged m th is w ork w e« d istu rS ed b y som e C arlists w ho arrived to the rescu e ju s t in tim e to »ave th is in te resting gvX from a dreadful death . S he g ratefu lly j-ecogni^ed a n í u d Í 7 Í d u a l o f o u r p a r ty at» one w ho had been th e m ost active am ongst h e r d eliverers on that

eveotfiil day.W e a e x t p roceeded to O ß a te w bere D on

M ontenegro , th e C om m andan i-G eneral o f Artillery» wa* engaged in g e ttin g h is gu n s m oun ted in ^ E n g lish sty le . T h e U n iv e rs ity there was iu fscc the O rdnw ice D ep artm eo t,— the e o tire basement s to ry (w ith th e exception o f th e chapel of founder,) b e in g occupied as sto res a o d workshop*»

T h e carriages w ere tu rn ed o u t in a very n ea t and

workmanlike maDder, and tb e e n tire CfttablUbment d i^ U y ed very MtisfecCory proofs o f wliaC could h e eSeeced b y a tléc tío Q , ecouomy> a n d good contri* Tsnce, notwith«bindÍDg th e poverty o f tb e C a rlb t E icb cq u cr. T h e re c ta r o f tb e U n iverw ty , D»jn Nicliolas S anz, has ( a t the p resen t period wheu war absorbs alm ost ev e ry m iud i a tb e provioccs,) few collegiate du ties to ^ t l i l , b a t b e has constant and cupinus occupation a s sole ed ito r of tb e (raccia Oficial de 0ñaí4. H e sb o ^ cd us h is p rin rin g offiM wbidi conUtined th ree w oodeu presses and a small font o f F rench typo. A yon n g com positor nam ed Ahadia had> UDtaugbt, execu ted th e wood^cui of tbc shield of SpftiD w bicb appears in th e title . The room a n d presses w ere m uch Indeb ted to him f « th*i d isplay o f an ex tem pore ta len t o f house and furniture p a in tin g ,'—au d the « n ils b o re testim ony to b is conceptions o f th e hero ic and olegiac, b y * ^ g n s o f a tom b fo r Z am alacarreguj.

O n m y re to rn to D u ra n g o , I found th a t the ueg? of B ilbao was reso l7cd on, tb a t a ll th e dis­posable a rtille ry from O ñ a te a n d A rlab an was ® ^cred n p a n d o n tbe ro&d tb ith e r, a n d th a t sup­plies and m iuiitíons from th e fiictories and foun- *^>«3 w ere concen tra ting fo r th e a ttack . 1 rode to the n ra re s t a t E llo rio , to vievr the iron-foundry

w hieb h a d b een closed in th e absence of fiiatetials d u rin g m y prev ious to u r, b u t the road,

H d

covereiJ w ith Rcoria a u d blag from th e fiimaca fo r a m ile o a tk e D u ra n g o iddo, iadicatfrd tiie e x ten t o f th e previous worlcing;?, a n d p resen ted » Tnag:nificeiit ¡rou-bonnrf siirliic« w hich M ac Adam could h av e in v ic d b a t nev e r snrpasaed. I now tound the furnace a t w ork and the m en busy 1q io g cannon halln a n d skeils o f e?<»ry calibre. Tbe b itte r o f th ir le ec u iches and sm aller onca o f th« incend ia ry g cn n s seeraed to h e o spedal favourit« . \V hfn a t fu ll w ork th e y could cast 10 0 halU a day, b u t >*ere th e n on ly accom plU hin^ RiTiy-four »r s ix ty -o igh t p e r diem , th e ir a lten tio c b e in g turned 10 th e repa irs o f Tarious p ieces o f heavy artillery w hich req u ired new m unnions (o enab le them to perfo rm ac tive service. T h e y w ere engaged on five p ieces o f various calibre from e igh teen pouniJi upwardji, a n d I could n o t b u t adm ire the s ty le lA w bicb th e y accom plished tbe jo b . T h e old stump waK ebiselled c lean oIT, and a s trong tap screwed

round th e square h ead o f w hich ll)e m etal was cast o f the req u is ite d u n e n s io n j^ i^ th u s the old piecc was a p u j i enabled ro ta k e ib e field w ith an arm “ b e tte r than new .” H oards of oannoii*t>aIls w h i^ h a d b een cast and p itte d fo r preservation in more dangoroiis tim es, w ere aga in ro lling in to day ligh t; an d only w aited to h av e Uieif feces washed in the barrel-m aebine attsiched to th e water-^fheel which blew the foiindry bellows, to b e euabled to f^pesr

OU du ty in the batteries. T h e foundry cbajnber ra ther sm all fo r the ^ v a u t a ^ o u s use o f char«

eofti w hich th e y w ould o therw ise p refer, so coke vas osed instead . T b is fu^l th e w orkm en usually ipoke of as carhoji de piedrfi Ingltsa^ and traveUers very easily im bibed th e uo tiou th a t i t caui€ froui E ngland; h u t on lu<|uiry how th e y could posaibly ohtiuu it, w}ien, a n d th ro itgh w b a t ports , 1 found tbat i t cam e tb ro u g b tbe;>uerftu of K ey u o sa and O viedo;— th e o r l^ t ia l coal havwg: been taieed trom bitum inous miue8 ic the raountains o f tbe Asturia». Ic appeared th a t the cogoom eu ¡nglestj.

added b y w ay o f com plim ent to o u r ante(U* iuFian p rio rity o f p repara tion ao d use o f it,— jiu t as o w d r u ^ i s to dig^iify a eim ilnrly car bona* ceouc^looking a rtic le w bicb tliey p repare fo r cus- tfimers troubled w ith a cold, b y th e nam e of“ Spanish.'’

T h e C arlista w ere ratJier choice in th e ir use of cannon ju s t then , bo ing in poasesdon o f o inny good pieces taken a tV le n c ia , L e q u e tio and o ther placce within the previous y ea r and a half. T h e y could therefore alford t<» b reak u p a ll which w ere sus­pected of being radically defective, and recast them into b a lk a n d »hells, as I found them dolog a t T.Uorio- H a r in g th e free ra n g e o f a g re a t e x te n t ^ coast and m ountainous co u n try , (th e eceues of Ibrm er ex tensive operati<ins o f E n g lish , F rench

H 3

!1 5 0 Q C S U B R E C T I O t r O f A R T I L L E R Y .

«ind G éroifiu as w ell a s Spauiah w a r^ re ,) th e y wo occaaionally d ragg iiig to l i^ tc g re a t guos o f all ag;e^ aud slses; som e from th e dep ths of riven, w bere th e y had b een abandoned lo a h a s ty pas-

; soioe from w recks o u th e coast w here tradU tio u ium p reserved f h r m cm oty o f the loss o f vessels o f fo rce; and som e froio qaicC ^ v e s am idst the m ouutiiio passes, w here N apoleon’s convoys had beeo pounced upon b y G u erillas , w hen the artik Ic ry (b e io g w touch im p a tta to th e IÌght>foote4 V i c t o r » ) had b een sp iked a u d buried o n th e spot by th e m . M a n y o f tb e w had U iu a t re s t fo r gene»* tio u s in tb c abseuce o f a n y sufficient indiiceiDcnt » those am oug w luwn th e sto ries o f ** ihe old ware” silll survired» to fish fo r som e a u d d ig for other*;— hu t th e B asques a u d N avarrcse a re b o th tradU tio u ary and m artial races, a u d w hen a cause suffi­c ien tly good and g re a t once rouses them fr<«n their repose, tb e y w nkeu up to som e purpose, w hen all th e y cau d o o r iu fle r or rem em ber fo r its advance- lu e u t is vo lun teered forthw ith . T h e foundry a t KUorio liad unfo rtu iia te ly no t i l t ham m er wherewith to b reak u p the clum sy carronades a o d old lf»ug fo rtre is guns, whose honeycom bs ind icated the pro­p r ie ty o f issuing; a new edition of th e m etal ; so *he peasan try d rag g ed them a couple o f leagues further u p th e m ouutaius o f A badiano above hirm ua, where four foundry forge-m ills a re to b e found on the

b«ikg o f t i e Uttle r i r c r A tria , e r g a ^ in tb a t om- nibua p len itude o f oecupalions w hicL so w ell en title Spanish forffos to tb e ti t le oifhreria. As I w ished to see th e ii fabrication o f iron and arm s in all ibt stages, I rode u p d ie bills w ilh o o o th e r g u id e than the thunder o f th e til t hamiDera and n iy om i curiosity, a rm ed ou ly w itb a few word» o f Ba&- quense. B a t these pca«aots a rc as ob lig ing as they are uidustrious, a n d a ch ild m ig h t w ander alone 'through th e ir province w ilh perfec t safeC}'.

T h e B isca jan s a re indeed a h ig h ly in ie lligenr, sodable, and am iable people. T h e y p o sse « a ll the natural ac tive po liteness o f th e I rish peasan try , w ith­out any alloy o f se rv ility— th e sagac ity o f tltc Scotch, w ithout a sym ptom o f its degeneracy in to ’cu teness “ ^ d the Htcady se lf-respect » h ie b characterises tb e *^)per classes o f F .oglaud, q u ite free from tlie leaven of S a io u stup id ity . I have se en them frowii veoge- fuQy when ta lk in g , o r ra th e r th ink ing , ab o u t tbe Chriiiiuios; b u t 1 hav« nev e r y e t hea rd an w jgry word am ongst tbem ,— excep t, indeed , b y a sen ti­nel, tow ards m yse lf one night« a t D u ran g o , w hen 1 was very n ea r b e io g sh o t o t ; n o t b e in g aw are tlia t any one « a s cha lleng ing m e, as 1 have already narrated, T h e y differ hew evet so m u ch Jo one m atotial resp ec t from th e Irish , th a t I cao eeorceJy believe the la tte r b av e a n y fid i c lu m to a com mon origin, (although i t is po lite ly conceded b y tlie

II 4

B isu d y u a , and nutivcs o f Ire la n d a re b y v irtue ol l]ie ir b ir th -ri^ h t f r e e o f th e corpom tlou o f Bilbao»i)«iog en title d to trade , se ttle and open shop in tbat capita],— a p riv ileg e th e y do n o t en jo y in tbe n in 'd itcn t liberal inetrujtolls o f K nglnnd), viz, their rem arkable sobriety , n o t'^ itbsta jid iug the sbundane» o f w ine and ag u ard ieu te iu tb e coun try . E verv w bere 2 experieoc(Hi th o g rea te s t coobideration and k in d D e a ^ m u e b m ure, indeed , tim n I rx p e c te ^ bearijig as 1 d id tb o in im teal nam e o f E iislisbm ani assooiat<^d ta i t wat» to tb t i r sad tx p c rien ce u itk every (b iii^ ferocions find dastard ly . W e o o ly a j '- p ea red oo tb c ir slioros to p illage and d es tro y ,--o iir oo ly ap p a ren t m otive—

" T h e i L i i l f i l iU lii ig ’ w h i c h in ib e K w s m o n em isli.'*

1 could bave forg iven th e m i f tb e y booted m e as J rode a lo n g : b u t tb e y a re a peop le o f m ore reAec* tiu u , d iscrim iiu tion and g en e ro sity tlian LngliRbjrieD a rc inc lined to b e liev e ; a u d tb e y show ed far more n>nsi<leratiou for u« chan we did for tbe ja . Io tbeir s e l f 'p o s s e ^ d di»pa^lo iia te conduct tb e v boar a s tro n g ronem blanee to tbose na tive gen tlem en tbe N o rth A ioerican Ind ians, w bo nev e r allow them* selves to b e tra y su rp rk e o r vexation , and in ibis resp ec t tbe BUcay:ins stand a t tb e m oral anci' podes o f the ir ne ighbours a t tb e otbi’r side of the P y re n ee s . T h e y m oy b e recognised a t onco as

— rllE IR NOBIUTT. IW

men tn d ^ o d e m e o , altLough clad as tb e m ouotalu iron-millors w ere, in l i td e m ore llifui linensLirOt reachijig to d ie ir shoes, to shield tbero from tbe scpaxkii. B u t I was forgetting— the p o as in try of B iicay are all nob le , w ith th e excep tw n o f a triflihg iium her w bo lia?e im m i|ra tc d from otber prorioees sineo th e M orcsco war» ; au<l o n dn eonmcmiiou taken !n 18 ^ 0, th e re w ore in B iivay 54,000, in G uipiiecoa 50,000, iii A lava 12>000, anH 1Ü the k ingdom o f N avarre 18 ,000 nobles.

T h e N uTarresc ap p e ar Co b e a m ixed race. T h e y are n o t nearly 9o w ell look ing , am iable, o r iu le lli- ^ent Q9 the Baaque«i, and , altboogb Zum alaenrregui preferred m aking th e ir valleys the Rcat o f war, y e t I 4m avsurtd the G uipuscoao» m ake b e lte r soldiers. I b o B iscayans bad n o t im til th e la s t s iege of Bilbao^ been aifordeti sim ilar opportun ities to dis> cÍDgiúsL themselvcA, b a r in g on ly had tb e VVe*l- minster legion to b e a t a l A rlaban , a n d a few od ier affairs such as the cap tu re o f B erm cn, G uetariu , P len n a and L eq u c tio to a e e o in p li^ ; b u t the best leaders h u re alw ays been elsew here. T h e v ’•ere tl»e first to oroclaim D o n C arlos, and have ®’ e r since boeu w ork ing (as w ell as ligh ting ) to supply blm w itb arm« o f all kinds.

I fniind tbe artizans o f A b ad ian o o s en tb u u astlc hs tbe rest— fnlly alive to d ie im portance o f th e siege

thorCTDuval o f C uartel J leo l (th e court, or royal H 5

Ì 9 4 A F F E C T i O N P O R A B T l L L E S y .

q u arte rs) from D u m n g o to B ilbao . T b e y w ere per- sooally acquain ted w ith aU th e g re a t guo9 io tbe m t- vi C P, ao d iu iju ired anxiously w h e th e r T erm caan, <rf the royai fb and ry a t S ev ille , and T en eb ro sa of l*aar> peluoa, w ere on th e road / T h e y know to a nioeSy tlieir calibre aod eapabilltíeis aod 1 fbuod lliem laiDcnriiig over th e & te o f a tw pnty-fonr- p<»under taken a t P leu c ia and condemDed to the tilt ham m er to furoisli food fo r th e iu u a d iy a t EUorio. TKf* hoinm er o f th e m ill bad a lready siitF^reddislocatDou in th is »{)eeics o f w arñire, although it» beam was e f th e g w a te s i g ir th o f p in e tb a t B i«*y could fujni^b ; so, w hilat i t wa* nndergobig; repair«ii) lili» ariD o f th e service, tho condeioned ^ cn a were oHlig;od to travel a m ile fu rth e r u p a camiiwJ vohex^ fario, as tb e y good«bum ourcdly called it, wherein rock, r iv e r a o d m ud, con teuded w inch should de­p riv e i t roost effectually o f a ll p reteusious to the ti t le o f a road, a n d w hieb, a¿ th e Irish orators wouW say , “ G o d and s a tu re n e v e r io tended fo r the con­venience o f a rd lfe ry .” 1 found the riv er far pre­ferab le w herever i t was available, a u d left itf Muoolh p eb b ly d ep th s w ith re g re t w hen obliged to follow the rciad-tracks up iw rocky sides, lest I «should lose m y w ay or find m yse lf in deeper w ate r th a u w<iald bo ag reeab le . J wa.s not at a ll Surprised lo ti«le over a a e igh teen-pounder, abandooed pro-tem pore Io a ru t, and w as oidy

p u f iln j to acco u n t fo r tb e £act o f its hav iug g o t eo fer up th e hiU. A)] t i e forge? a t O labarria , O ia- sara, E ro teila anH EetAripa w ere bu sy a t variox« brandies o f th e m anufiicture o f iro n ; from the reduction c f th e rich o res o f Zam arosto and B ara- cahiy, to tb e poTfcet stee l fo r th e fin e sworda of l i iU r . T b e ch ie f o re th e y u se is the com pact black oxide w ith the lustre o f graphite» of w hich a chaise o f tw elve arohas (ab o u t th ree cw t.), poujided aod ftjscd w ith charcoal aloue b y th e a id of bftllows, y ie ld six arohaa of fine iro u from th e tilt biimiser. I t req u ires bcCweeD th ir le eu and four- leen arobas o f th e red ox ide to produce th e aajue quantity . T b e y use n o coke In those mounlains* depending en tire ly ou charcoal w hich X fouud them prejjariug on th e spot. 'P h e y w ere , how ever, seudble to the ad v ao tag e o f a good supp ly o f the fcrm er for tb e exeen tiou o f S eary w ork, an d w ere already ejcultiug in th e prospect o f tu rn in g «he l a ^ e foundries o f B ilbao to th e use of the ftdRaJkce dc*partmenl. T h e y em ploy n o lijue or lim estone in llie reduction o f th e fiue free ores they use, b u t in fonned m e th a t o the rs a t a di^taoce did req u ire it.

A 9 som e o f tbe ir R asque tcclinicalitles were UDtranslatablc, I sa t dow n am ongst th e m for som e b o jrs to w itiiess a l l the ir o p era tio n ^ and cuuld not b u t adm ire the in g e n u ity b y w hich th e y accom-

H 6

1 5 6 M O U t T T A O M E C H A K lC » .

plishefi jio m uch w ith sueb sim ple m ad iiu e ry . T b o m ouQ tàìn 'Stream tu rn s th e tUt-hamm<»r and blow* a p a ir o f bellows ; an d suck b e ik w s I £ a c b k fomxed of several cow -hides na iled a n d oinsped tv g e tb er so aa to fnrm on tnorm ouR Ica thom air Hotrlc. T h is Is lo o d ^ a n d cliitcbed a round »¡tii iro n plates, ao d bo th w hen «et in m otion pu(T p a n t a n d g rn n t and w addle ou tL e floor like Lugs scaly eroccdiles or d ra^uns of W ao tley I O iie forg^ h a H a p u r o f sqnarp-box and piston boi Iowa (uuc a c tin g like o u r cy lu idrical pistoca, alone, b u t an arran g em en t fo r tbc presauru o f loo^c loaiberii at* btigs) ; liow rvcr, che d rs^ o n 's b rea tb blew q u ite as fiercely, aud sofleued tbe m e ta l ju s t aa well. iron , from tb e arm ouiles a t E tb a r, Krimia« PIa- contiB, and E lg o tb a r, i& alsu se n t to th e w forge«, — stam ped togoilier, hcatod , a n d tb e u bam m ered in k tw ink ling ù ttu spades or frving-pan». Tbc w orknico bo re tb c iirc like s a l^ a n d e r e ; while (he contraiit betw een tb e ir g r im a n d savage appear* ftnco as well os tb e ir savage creacm cni o f tLem- eclv««, a n d the ir k ind a tten tio n to tb e stranger, wa» so s t i ik in g a s to excit« m y a tten tio n continually. 1 lonnd m yse lf lea rn in g 13a»(]uenBC ev e ry day tbrongb tb e m e re p leasure of ch a tlb ig w ith tJicae peo p le ,-^ a langn.igc w'bicb muAtpuz:<le a Soniersetdbire man. H e w oubi g e t oit ra th e r slowly i f obliged to say “ E a” w hen b e m ean t N o."

P O W n p R - M I L L A T T O i . O S A . 1 5 7

I also yigited tb e royal gonpow der m ill and oiogaxine nesir T olosa , w bere 1 w as n o t a liCtW amused a t tho proceediDg;» o f the Fuctiosoi. I t is a tru e s a y b ^ tb a t k m u st b e a gc*od w orkm an who cdD g e t th rough b is w sk w ithout tools, and th e re 1 saw &otaetlnng closely approacLi(ig;to u i illusim tion which b tere^U fd m e exceed ing ly . T h e skeleton of an old b am t* o u t flour'inlH on the b an k o f th e liltle river L lz a rah a d b een refitted in a s ty le o f econom y and absence o f o rn am en t tb a t w ould have cbarm cd Ibe h ea rt o f .Toe H u m e to l>eLold. T b e w hole busi­ness o f refin ing , ^ in d iu f^ , pounding;, m ix in g and sUcaptiig w as carried on In th re e email room s ou tbe ground floor, w ith th e aid of a very prim itive apparatus. 'I ’be erysta lllaa tiou o f llic id lre from the im pure solu tion was occom plU bed in w ooden trnughs, in the m ost su ltry w eather, -ftilLoui even tbe presence o f a slip o f lead &9 a s ta rtin g point. T h e p u r iic d sa lt was pounded w itb wooden m allets, then d ried Li tho a ir a n d reduced tj) pow der b y a baud>quern. T b e p in e charcoal (b u rn t In die niountiuns b y adepts >vho nev e r hea rd o f D octo r W abon^ the la te Blslkop o f Llandafl*, o r h is ca;«t-iron cylinders) was also pounded , sifted and m ixed b y band. T b e subsequen t operations o f g r in d in g aud stam ping d ie tr ip le m ix tu re w ere perform ed b y the assUtancv o f tike riv er L m r a ; w hile the concluding “ lies o f b r e a k l D g up, sifd iig , so rting and drying»

'S '

I **

w ere done b y Land in th e open a ir, o r ra th e r in tLe opeo rajisb iiie , w hich accoinpHsLed threc-fourthx ni tb e w ork i t s c l f ^ th e safest gunpow der stove in the worhL 1 saw tw en ty m en a t w ork th e re a s busy as bees, and eacb os e a rn e s t a s i f th e ñ ite o f the a rm y d epended on bid exertions. T o u r o tb e r powder m ills v e r r also a t w ork in B iscay a n d N aru rre , bnt am ongst tLem could scarccly k eep th e troops sup« p lie d ; i t w as bln2ed aw ay so liberally a t tb e lines of S t S eba£(ún a n d tb c RiTcra.

] subsequen tly v isited tlie m agusine on tbe b ill io tb e v ic in ity , w here ca rtridges for all arms a n d a ll ca lib rcs o f m ugketry , E n g lish , F rench and ¿»panish, w ere m ade up . I exam ined the varieties u f g rap e , can ister a n d sp lit sho t whicL M ons. ] j i o i r e was p rep a rin g w ith r ig h t good will *8 rationi« fo r tb e heroc? o f W oatroinster, th a t h e inigbl in som e so r t re p a y tb e in v u lu n ta jy courtesy of tb e ir G eo e ra l, w bo L iti le ft b im a hasty legacy of llis m ilita ry lib ra ry as h e r a k e d th e siege o f F u en t­arab ia. H e re also I bebeld th e new infernal ni4- ch ioo i n r e n t ^ b y tb o ftioie ingen ious amíitenr, in th e shape o f an e ig h t-in ch shell w ith five sepa­ra te m onths, w bicb I u a s in form ed possessed in perfection a l l tL e am iable characteristics o f tL« ligbt ball, tb e scink p o t, and tbe g reoade. T b o y said tha t fo r te n m in u tes afte r i t dciccnded in to «* field or s tree t, house o r b a tte ry , i t ensitted aflam e a s b icx tin -

S H A R P M O n X A R P R A C T I C F . 1 5 0

giitthobl« as the ciTicii'nt G re e k iire , aod an intole* raWe »tench w hich affecicd the a tro n g w t stouwcli, and p u t ho ise a n d r id e r her» de e^ymhat w itb tbe vertigo- I t concluded its perform ance b y c n tc lin g ibe p art o f a reg a la r bom b-ahell, do ing as mucb miM bief in th a t character as i f i t h a d nev e r tm der- takeu to p lay a n y o ther. 1 saw in aiioUier p a r t of the bu ild ing a h eap o f th irtee ii-inch ahells, whicb had been p ro jec ted b y L o rd Jo h n H a y a n d G o n en d Kvans a t S t. SebosCiao aud Passages, a o d w hich h*d boen »v© d in soroe incoropreheosib lc w ay by the Carllfita who arc a ll alive to th is species o f roiH* iary econom y, aud tecc iv e a p reau u m ou every round ih o t o r shell th e y can b rin g to tk e if gcnnor«. I was afittured a t tb e ipagaziue tlia t these sheUs had been p reserved from explosion a f te r the ir projection by tlie d a rio g opera tion o f w ithdraw iug the fosc, which th o C a rlis t peasan try d id n o t hes ita te lo adopt w henever an o jjpo rtun ity oiTered. 1 really thought m y inform ants w ere qu iz* ing , a u d 1 laughed heartily a t the notion , w hich appeared ab o u t as feasible as d raw ing A o to o th o f a h u n g ry tig e r Z9 h e Is about lo b iio y o u r h ead off; b u t I have since been seriously assured b y officers o f experience in the service th a t the t l i u g i> aecom plLJied, in w hat­ever w ay i t h a p p e n s ! P robab ly th e WoRfmioster bom hardiers fo igo t to c b a ^ e the fu^es, or to drive them lu sufficiently, o r to c u t them %hort afterw ards

IflO

— o r perliaps th e y bave Bome “ uew «yatem»'’ like D r . O ’T oo le’s, o u wliich th e y leave o n t cUe bursiiog c b a r ^ a lc o ^ th e r ? B u t th e re a re th e shells, and h e re is th e fac t o f th e ir preaervaUon !

A s I bAw th e num erous bo2 es o f carlridgea p ack ed u p and se n t off from th e m a ^ z b o e to the a rm y o f tiie coeat fron tie r, and tlieu looked backou th e lit tle m ill a n d its rude uiauipulodoQS, 1 fe lt my- 8»elf eoU loquk iog :— “ T h e se peop le m u st succeed* for th e ir en e rg y a u d in d u stry IncreaM w ith every danger and difficulty. T h e y have g o t over th e g reat im ped im eu t th a t slopped Z um alacarrcgu i ou lits m arch to M acind afte r h e had bea teu Valdes. T h e y have now pow der m com m and ; aiid while th e y caii th u s c re a te iC am ong sticks and atones au d sheets in the open a ir, th e y can nev e r be Cf»n- <juere<l. T h e y o re n o lo n g e r ob liged to pay six tim es th e value o f i t to F ra n ce . E ac li m ill in a m uic to them , a n d ia b e tte r Uiau a d iv e r m iue , fur i t enables thorn to g rin d o u t th e ir own indepen> dence. K ach pow der-m onkey too holds u p hi** head like a <aipQiin o f a rc llle rr , au d seem s to feel a s h e thum ps the c l iA r c o a l , th a t h e ia ehargiog a b a tte ry w hich m ny dem olish a whole batOilioD of Chn»4tinos. Y es such a people m ust siic- c e e d ! ' '

T h e co n d u c t o f the peasan try , w hether rngaged in field ill eam p o r in fac to ry , like those juSE oien-

C O N D U C T O F T H E P E A « A N T R Y . 1 0 1

tionod, was th ro u g h o u t m y to u r an ob jec t o f especial in terest to l o e . O n tlieir proceedings« in t i i c t , the i^ u e uftL is ovcntfn l s tru g g le dejjeiid». W hilst theyare well affected» active , ind\utrioQ8 and ciinfideat, the K in g canno t lose b is cause»— ev en 1/ ev e ry for­tress w ere in tb e hands o f Q iicon Chrl»<cina a n d h er A lgerine and W estm inster alltea. I f they s ln k iu to a{}sthy or even Indifference, I t ib gone. T b ls is the sim ple v iew o f the <msc w hieb a ll m y ex ­perience tended to confirm« w hich ren d e red eacb Sun-burnt m u le teer and p o -y ta w tb a t I m e t oo tlie road-side, a v e ry respectab le and Influential person­a e in m y eyes, a n d aw akened m y e a rn e s t a t te u . tion ti> the ag g reg a te e f th e ir xayiuga and doings, habits, custom s, an d ev en amuecmenCs. W arlike as th e y a re , 1 n a s su rp rised to iiud so few m artial sports am ongst tbem . T h e y b av e n o boxing matches, H itig l^stick com bats, fenc ing o r ta rg e t shooting; b n t th e y a re u o t tb e less in lo re w ith w ar- f ^ e aud ea rn est iu iU exerciiie. T h u s when tke c&onuiiades a t tb e lines e f S t. S eb a s tu n a n d F a ^ Eaiges a re he&rd th rough G uipuscoa, p ro tec tin g aal- 1*09 o f th e garrisons« tb e v td if fU a r io s cnnnot rem aiu quietly w ork ing in a field, b a t snatch u p tb e ir m us- ^ t a , aud s<%niper over the h ills for m iles ' ‘j u s t to have a few sbols a t tb e C hristb io s," w hich they discharge w ith r ig h t good w ill, an d sleep a ll th« »ounder fo r ou th e ir re tiiro . T h e re is, how ever, h

1species o f n u r tiid i^ym nastlc oxcrrìsc prevailìog th ro u g h o u t tlw B asqne provi occs, very atrilcisg to E n g lish e}*eft, a n d so Ìn £ u e u ti^ in its resu lts in tbe d eve lc^m eo t o f com b a tiré u id o ther valuable ut* d o n ai proponsitiea, th a t I ahail g iv e m y rcfuier* á deecripdou thereof, ju s t as i t occurred under my ow n c y « in the P laza o f th e Uttle villago o f Ynr- recta, w ith in h a lf a milo o f Dcirang;o.

Ac four o’clock o n S unday aft«rooon, the Alcalde o f th e v illage struck bi? siW cr-hcadcd javelin ioW th e g ro u n d a t one co m er o f tlie l i td e g reeo Plaza in fro n t o f tbe churcli» and im m ediate ly a drum* m er accom pRoled b y aooChor in A ro m ental per* fo rm er bearing a p ip e a o d Cabor, appeared ou the scene a n d com m enced a slow m artial m ovem enti in w hich tbe d m e w as accen ted r e r y im posingly. 'Fhe A lcalde b im self was nn im posing pentonage* tall, tbin an d sodate, adorued w ith a conical brow n nlght-cap tu rn e d u p w itb bloek ye l?e t, a loose brow o spencer w hich w ould have h e ld ano ther A lcalde, brow n kner- b reecbee a a d b lack w orsted stock ing . T h e A lguan l w ho supported h im b y tit l in g beside him for three hours, was o n th e con trary , a fat, short, tall^atíve au­tho rity . I n e v e r saw such a contrast, excep t in the sketches o f D o n Q u ix o te a n d Sancho P anza . T b e ja v e lin w«9 a v e ry ao tlq u e a & ir ab o u t five feet loug, w ith a double a rrow head , the seedon o f which w ould form a erosK like w hat w ould resu lt from

nf R obin H ood’s o r th e D ouglas’s sboU io a wbere

*' T h e a e c e n d f p l i i th « f t n i i s M m m .' '

T h e m usic s truck up>and crow ds o f m en , wom en, and children» p ou red in to th e P b a a , an irregu la r pentagon, (o r querseaugle) CRrironed wltJi houses adorned w ith balconies and a g ra o d raided portico which ex tended th e le n g th o f th e church . T h ese were soon filled w ith tb e beau ty and ^ h l o n of the co a rt an d its v id u ity , w ho th o u g h t i t m ore suitable to th e ir sex o t ag« or d ig n ity U> look on, than to tako a n ac tive p a r t Iu tb e a th le tic evolu* tiuns wJdch tlie peasan try w ore ab o u t to en g f^ c in. G roups o f officers a u d civilians» secretaritfs, chamberldios, and tiie w hole ayvitiamiento lo itered on th e sod below ax i f to bravo the dau g ers o f tb e iccne, o r g a llan tly con\'crsed w ith the lad ies in tb e balconies calm iog tb e ir fears a n d a » u r iu g tb e m i t was n o t h a lf so dangerous o r cruel as a b u lM « it, iic . A dense crowd o f y o u n g peasan t soldiers stood in one ang le of th e P lnaa , ap p a ren tly In c x p e c a tio n vf opponents o f som e k io d ; the b arrie rs w ere w ithdraw n

the stone p illa rs a t each an g le , a n d tb c ceo tre o f th e a rena wiaa th row n open for com bat.

T h e d rum and tabor ( I b e g th e ir p ardon for this delay) repea ted th e ir p o in t of w ar e m p h a tica lly ; aud tho first dem onstration o f accivc opcratious was m ade b y a long file o f y ou n g w om en w ho marcLod

upoa tb e g reen hand-in-hand , th e file le ad e r actiQ^ a s fDgle-wom&D> and conducting fior band o f he­ro ines w itb a k in d o f sa lta to ry m otion resem bling tb a t w hich I .e B ru n äüd o thers have preMfrved t4 us in th e ir p ic torial descrip tions o f the tzietics o f the P riestesses o f Bûcchuâ a o d C ybele . A t tim e« it was n e a rly ¡deutical w ith tb e iiisp ircd m uvem eot of O rpheuSf dep ic ted in lîa iry 'H fàm ons Rcrics of p a in tin g s w bich adoro th e ch ie f baloou o f tbe S ocie ty o f A rts in th e A dclphi, and w hich their cotaJngue raUvnné ju s t ly te rtn s “ a a a t titu d e of «o> g u ia r e u e rg j .” A s th e Uue o f ru stic beau ty round th e Plétza, 1 could alm ost im ag ine tli^ t 1 beheld th e m aidens o f S pfirta g o iu g th rough their w arlike exercises a a d d a r la g the ir lovers to the com bat. T h e y w ere chid all in s tr ic t uQtioiial uniform»— n e a t b lock shoes, snow -w hite stockings« ra th e r sh o rt petticoats, sm all shawls o f varío iM colours, a n d w hite p o ck e t baiidkercblefs ; b u t no caps, bats, buo n ets o r artificial head-dress o f auy k litd , the buir b e in g unÍ7er«ally g;athered bnekward a n d plaited in one o r tw o w bicb h u u g down a t fu ll len g th bchm d, a u d sw itched ab o u t most cavalierly . A fte r a few circum volutions o f theèe Spartaii dam sels b i the P laza , the crow d o f loeu w ho stood in close eo lum a evinced a degre* of rcstlessjiess to accep t the challenge o f the parading heroines. V o lu n ta r io $ sto rted o u t oue afte r another

and br(Ae iu to th e Utie, se iz in g a a opponen t with ead i ta n d liU a ll w ore fe irly engaged «nd a marctiitig file o f double le n g th a t tó n e d , in wbicli 80 c<5«ially w ere tbc partí e i m atched tJiat i t «“a i 8 difiicolt p o in t to prc<iict to w hom th e victory would fali. T h e combiner! y e t riva l to re ra now made au o th er M lcm n pem m buld tlon to th e sam e moÄÄure; when the A lcalde, appar^Q lly q u ite satis­fied tb a t a firm Hne of baltio w.m form ed a n d all readv for action, gave a feígoal to th e lit tle baDii with his javelin , wiicn in stan lly th e d rum and ta b o r struck up a brisk qn ick step w hich se t th e wliolo s trin g of life (o r jives) w h irling w ith fearfu l rap id ity rouud• young a^L tree iu th e cen tre . N ow th e engage- rapnt begun io ea rn est, a u d tb e se c re t o f th e tactics, acted on b y th e “ u a lu ra l bo rn enemic»’' ou tlie plain, beguo to dcvelope itóelf.

I t would b e difficult to ex p b iJ i Uic m a tte r accurately w ithout dis^^am s, clevatious an d proa- tra tions; so, b e in g confined to defin itions io the Absence of any know n dexcrip tire te rm s, 1 can only 4ay tha t th e te rras of com bat observed b y each, '*'ith respect to the tw o eoem ics b etw een w hich he or sbe Ikfippened to b e p laced, w as to ho ld fast b y each other’» hands, to k eep m oving In th e whirlpool f x u d e ch/irge, siaA a t th e sam e tim e to in flic ta s *nany sound blows aa possible. T h e graeefuloess end en c f^y wieh w hich th is m anœ uvre was executed

Í 66 ETOI.UTIONÍ OP THE CViaDA-

WM tru ly ed ify ing to asCniDger like m e, who really 'v è i n o t aw are tb a t tb e bqroan fram e possessed sucl) flexibility a n d ondum nce. EaoU pair o f gla­d iators w hirled th e ir g rasped liand« in uiiison as if ab o u t to d ischarge a stone from a sliog ; and , having a tta io ed che needful velocity , flung them fon^ard, ‘-Hit tb e sajiie m om ent w heeling ab o u t in opposite directio iis a n d b ü r lin g tihemselvcs a t each other w ith a svaviter »a modo e t Jb rtiler in re th a t oouJd u u t fail to m ake a reciprocal im pression. “ We are n o t stocks a u d stone*,” emd CorporaJ T rim .

" H « a r t s k K n e e R io t , ; « i f l i n t Ì» n o t ;H e a n « « j« o o i H ee>, y e i « ree l u b«ni> " m .

iù ic h h e ro a n d hero ine wag reciprocally pbced betw een tw o enem ies o f the opposite sex , and ob liged in tu rn to encoun te r b o lb . AU w ere at w ar w id i tb e ir ncig libonrs in ttirü , and each proxi­m a te couple becam e a t e v e ry opportun ity

A péji of n m i c íoet, w h o « o u g b t r« n o w n ,W h ile d u ) e i n ¿ rw r a d lo b u m p o i c h o ib e r d o n : '

as G oldsm ith w ould h av e sn n g i f he Lad traveUed to th e B asque provijicesu

B u t, hark— tlie tu n e is changed ; tbe fife and u b o r have s tru ck u p a qu icker a n d livelier s tra b , — th e d rum beats tim e m ore loudly and im pe­ratively . A ll the links o f th e im m eose circle a re severed in an in s tan t ; tb e com batants th ro»

IS

aloft thoir bands, and w h irl a b o u t ecparalcly like

n»ad I ’T is now•<_______ ( h e o i n l i n n d Tun g r i3 « « n d f a n o u t ,

S*Moe foce ih o ir p a rtn e rs s te rn ly in a j ig , or, m elt- iDg iotu a w altz, craiKC ab o u t tlie P la z a a t random , like H orschcll's double slArs in free spacc, de- r tag in g o th e r systpm e a u d set-to^ w iili a w hisk of tbeir tail w bich cuts like a in a rap id Cwitl, and whips lire o u t o f Spanish ey e s i n a twinkliDg.

O i h e n <l«nc« i n t ro u iv l , c u i a o g c a p m a o d n r n i p i e « ^

A R icrvy <he j m u i d d id n o i b u n t wiO) t h e r r t U a i i ^ n e / '

W hat shouts o f m e rrim c a l t T h e y o u n g mK tree is ebaking w itli b u g h te r to i(s v e ry n w ts , and all i » leaves a rc d a u d n g sym pathe tica lly in ihe whirlwuid- T h e re ’s one ta ll fellow cu ttiu g a liora- pipe tb roogb the crow d au d ueing hia k n ees— T hat’s Q O t fair— call th e A lcalde ! T h e d um py g irl replies w iib b c r b road shoulder ! A ll’s r ig h t a g « n , See the poor lit tle m an escnpiug from th a t am azou —a triton o f th e m innow s t T h e child crosscs his patli and upseta h im ! T h e re goes m y p re tty lMUr*ica an d h er g randm other, ca reerin g in the ir waits like a d oab le sh o t against tb e Commandasiii de arma»y a o d see th e c ig a r is sh o t o u t o f h is lips ! ^ l a t excellen t tim e th e y k e e p w ith tb e ir f iu g e rs : ’T is a p ity th e y have n o t castanets to m a rk i t m ore Qierrily. H o w m »uy hundreds in m otion I T h e

1voTtox make« m y h ia d re e l w ilb tb e a ttem p t Cn reekou. S e e & dozeu o f tb e K in g 's gardr du ^itrpii RWfpl in to tb e cen tre o f che whirlpool. T b e cavaliers can*c walt^ for tlie ir spurs, a n d the women are cbarg iii^ tbem like CossacV« an d PandouTS. T h e re ’s a y o u n g officer carried o ff in the curren t ! T Iw r e s t ho ld on h y th e ash tre e a n d each other, till i t is n ea rly u p ro o ted ! T h e las&es will next ^(orm tb e steps o f the sanctuury !

T h e A lcalde w ho “ saw tlie m adness rìse” gnve a sign to the p ip e r -^

A u f w h il« th e y h e a v r a i n d e m b defie il.

CIm q ^ ^ b ì j h n i d t o d c lu c k c d ( b ^ p r id e ."

T h e slow m ovem ent w as recom m enced, the loud m irth of the crow d was subdued, c))e bull opened w ith the sam e jiolemu m oven ieu tas a t first, with tbe add itiou o f & file o f maW gladiacors, w ho omrched in separate ly , preceded b y a v e ry ex p ert m an. B y ib is tim o addicional erowH« bad Rlrolled dow n from D u ra n g o , a ttrac ted b y che lau g h te r that echoed from the rocks, til l th e re w ere as mapy specta tors a*« perfo rm ers g rouped a round th e I'laja» although the K in g s band was perfo rm ing in the tow n, a n d m ore co u rtly w altsliig was in jtrogteM before th e w indows of th e P alacio . Several o f f ' cers o f the to u r t au<l a r iu v — Spauisii, French, B ritish , G orm an , I ta lian and Portugiiese^—rtood near, cavalierly d iscussing tlie personal point» aod

merits o f l i e Hg;ht*hearted ikírtníehers» and tho national advantage« o f such a weelsly parade» nfTord* ing ae i t did, such excellen t p rac iics l opportuu ítíes to the rohm iarioi o f judg in ¡f cofrecti y o f the steadiness or le v ity , th e substoncc o r poT erty , the lirinDess o r feebleness o f understand ing , and th e dative capacity or Mttlcno»; o f tlte íi cotnrades, before th e y cominitCed tliem sclves b y enliptlog for life JQ tbe ir com pany. O n e o f the p a rty w as en ­tering in to a disM rtatioii on th e p robab ility of the custom h a r in g been derived tb rougb th e Phceni- wans from th e B abylonians, who, according^ to H erodotus, w ere in th e h a b it o f h e ld iu g review's tknd m aking exhibirions w ith bim ilarly instm etive desigTis a n d beneficial re&iilt^s w lien h e a n d his specuhtTons w ere both upse t b y a n uuexpeeted iUiisiration. T b e p ip e r had been p la y in g h is tliird air (tbe S a tnm aliau ,) unheeded b y th e hisloriau, and a s trin g o f fein iu ine eTamplea, robbing by, threw bim on hi» bands a n d knees. O th e r trains o f flying a r ti lle ry a u d lig h t chasseurs eqim lly em u­lous o f couquesl, now scoured tbe pb^in Li all directions, and lo4 Señores o ficiales rp c e ire d no quarter, a ltlkonjh th e y sbift<^d the ir quarte rs con­tinua] I y, and dex terously evaded scores o f shocks; still subdivislou9 o f lau g h in g g irU cam e cbai^ - ing by, tlieir w hite handkerebiefi» fly ing lik e lance pennons, b n t n o t one held o u t as a flsig o f truce.

Tot,. 1. I

A t lei’g ill, ^ i b th e sagac ity o f old taclidaiw , tbe officers form ed in to a hoUow square> a t tb e corner o f w hich a b rigad ier-goncm l h a d th e hardihood to pre^^ent h im self Romechin^ lu advaooe a s n toIdih ce e r 'b a s tio n ; b u t tk e firs t Cronp w hich gallopped b y , ca rried b im awsiy w iib tiie sam e caso tb a t &ii a c r t o f m arm ots w ould oTerruu a v tü d baU. The sq u a re was ev iden tly w eak and unsteady from the C llrio¿t^ ' o f tbose w ith in , to see Low ib e day went w ithout. T b ls w as q u ic k ly porceÍTed b y th e as- s^i&nli^, and i ts to ta l dcm olidou eosued . A plomp y e t ac tive hpToico (w orthy to have b e e o the wife o f K in g C odrus o r M onsieur A rcóle) daoccd O Pt

o f the ranks, and devoted h r rs e lf to d ie a s k of b rra k iu g bitii ib c hollow scjuare Oú the princip le of a boiabshcH . W h ee lin g bikck to g a in sufficient im p c lu s iu th e ousel, sb e collected a ll h e r enc^ ;»« , and then dashed fo r* a rd in th e s ty le so bappily de«- crih ed b y S co tt in b is ‘ L ad y o f th e T-ake’ {but the re a d e r m u st su b stitu te cam bric haudkcrcb icf for “ broad-sw ord”) in ib c com bat in the T r o s a a wber«

“ 7 i i h w sve>1ibe e r e s i o f tsw D y foftcn

r t l ^ l i i o n c i f d d i d C l(Q -A lp io c vo rn e i—

A U n e (b o d d £ e a c h btoaJ*B s«gn] b r i f h t ,

W a c b n n d i i h in f i l i k e b e a n i n f lig’b i ,

E f tc h ta r g « v u d a r k h « lo ir .

A o d » i t l i t i i c o ce ao ’* icd ^h cy sw in g ,

W h c u I te ^ v ln g to t h e l e o p c i c 'e win^<

T li« y h o r le d tb e m o n th « Im 9"

Thu« d id thi« disiQtereflted B asque hero ioc, and it was tru ly » u rp ris is^ (a witn^e« th e scnaatíou she created am ong chiefs aod nobles— scatteriiig hero«« of a hundred iighte, adorned aud p ro tec ted as tbey were b y ribbons o f F c rd in ao d a n d Isabella the Catholic, a t tb e ir butU iobole«. T a u g h t b y ex* poriecce, th e y now form ed m solid colum n, and (Los defied all fu rth e r attacks o f e ith e r fly ing or heavy ardllcry^ til l tb e shades o f ev eo b ig fel), wben the sage A lcalde ( a t the lostigation o f th e A lguazil, »Eo appeared to be viceroy over b itu ) p luckcd his javelbi o u t o f tbe g ro u n d a n d m arched gravely rojjnd the ash-Cree, w hereupou the d rum a n d labor cewcd th e ir labours, a n d th e enchan tm eu t b e in g ^ d e t l , ev e ry one w alked lefei;rely hom e.

“ A ll thi% 19 uo th ing ,’' said a friend w ho had bronghi m e to the scene , “ ootnpared w ith w hat I sa* a t SaUnas ju s t a fo rtn ig h t d n ce , w hen oscortiDg

C ourt h ith e r . T h e re was an im m ense crowd on tbe g reeo , a u d the w altzing a u d bum ping w ent

with proportional e p ir i l ; b u t th e re was a leader ^ the m en’s file w ho seem ed to b e insp ired w ilh the sen d m eu t o f the fire t V estris, ‘ J e su it Ic }>itu* ¿0 <¿(2A#e,’ a n d perform ed h \ H e wa*

^ peasant o f the b e tte r class» w ith silver tassel buttons o n b is vest, a u d a nearlet wwh round hi»

H is fivulijtions w ere d lstioguished b y such and sd e n ce , cocopae? nnd drollery , tb a t every

J 2

1 7 2 A V IL L A G E L E D A S T R A Y .

e y e in tb e balconies followed hiiD;-~r^vea tbe Al> cable fo rgo t in h is adm iratíon to ehang« tbv rooTemeiit. W beü tLis fellow w as tire d o f exhi­b í tiu g h is a irs a n d g races according to ru le , Le took to th e tip sy s ty le ,— tKuiaftirming b im sclf into such a b ea s t tb a ( the elTeec w » irresistib le , Mid everybody danccd d e ligh ted a round him a b n e . A heavy abower Lad folien in the m orning, aud the s lip p ery g round favoured hi$ ovolutious adjniraWy. H e skailcd as i f b e was floundering on a piece of ice , aud tliea fell hefidlong iUDougst tho crowd, w ho scream ed as h e ro&o, covered w itb picture*qu« patciies o f m ud. A t leug tli b e slipped for fwrKy y ards w ithou t b e in g ab le to g e t fa irly on his feel ? a u d » b e n I la s t »aw h iu i, was continu ing to slip down bill a long tbe v illage g rceo , followed b y the m u d o an d th e m u ltitude o f adm iring sp c c ta w rt; th e A lcalde lum sclf b rin g in g u j i th e rea r to r c « l them to a eense o f d ig n ity and e t iq u e t te ; but »a vain- A s long as I s ti id in tb e em pty P laM to lU tec , tb e fife a n d 'd ru m w prc beard following >u fu ll p lay , w bile contiuuoixs sbouts proclaim ed tlie successful p rogress o f tb e ballel-m aster.”

RetuTDiii^ a t du sk w itb the liappy m ultitude to D u ran g o , 1 expected to have w itnessed som« fu rth e r am userfient; b n t, n o ! the scene was neitber

E ng lish o r I r i s h ; th e re waa no drink ing , no re ll ln g ; th e gam e o f rom ps had b egun and ended

B i s c i T A r s i M F L i c i r y . 1 7 3

wjih the A lcaU c, tlic jav e lin , and th e mui^ic. T b c Ijeeu&e o f the C%dada w as past, tb e o tiq u c ttc o f p ro- meuitde wan resum ed , a u d a ll was Spaoiab courtesy and gravU y again , cxccpU n^ the cyca o f th e vom eti, which botli g en tle and » m p le , k e e p dâncmg; dny and n ig h t w ith a TiTacity th a t laug;hs a t o il cotitrvl, aod exoceds tb e pow er o f tfitber P a d re or A lcalde to uum sge or m odify. T h e la d y spectatorti in the church, arcade, and baleonieR, i m u st do them the justice to eay, did n o t m ake a n y exh ib itions of prudery , b u t laughed and w altzed (w itb th e ir eyes) 0$ muclk as tb e p easan t g irls d id in p ro p ria pfriorus in the l ’la&a Iwlow. T h e y live in a prim itive A rcadia o f th e ir ow n a n d atUl e s jo y som e o f the iia tnnd pleasures derived from th o golden a g e of innocence a u d ignorance, p e rpe tua ted as i t is by the reiig iuus obaerrauce o f custom s s tronger than laws aiid older than h isto ry . I t w uuld h av e b eeu refined c rue lty to have d istu rbed th e ir happinesx by tbe iu troduetien o f a n y exotic g ra fts o f the tree of know ledge o f good and ev il m annera, as i t re cultivated ill o a r chilly clim ate. E v e ry th in g in th e B iscayan m uuntæ ns is s im ple, rea l, o a t ire — can b e uoderst4>o<l a u d calculaled oil w ith ce rta in ty ; ^ d , as far as I have scon, an y im itation o f foreign habits would iu m ost cases a lte r th e n a tu ra l eha> ractor o f th e Basque« v e ry m uch fo r th e w orie. As It is> a t ev e ry tu rn a s tran g e r finds som eth ing to

i S

1 7 4 T H E P O I T R Y O F W A R .

afioiiro. A young; sold ier a t tJie ball had a Jarg^ p iece o f chalk k icked o u t o f h is pockot b y a flou­rishing; p iro u e tle o f a p a rtu e r in tb e S a tu m a liin m ovem ent. I ta Appearancc was w elw m cd w iib a loud Lu2sa , and 2 tu rn e d to an officrr fo r au espla- nation . “ O h ,” said h e , “ th a t fellow’s a litorary characier in b is w ay. H e ’s gen era lly on duty blockading; B ilbao, a n d as eooit aa th e cowardly ClirisduoH w ithrim w th e ir ad m n ccd g u ard within th e walla fo r th e n ig h t, h o an d h a lf a doxon wfigs w ill follow and w rite som e m oral o r pel id ea l abuM o f d ie Q u een on tb e tow n H e alw-ays carriessom e chalk fu r C hristina o u th e frontiers.”

C H A P T E R X .

T h e o rder for th e second ^ e g e o f B ilbao hav­in g ; been ^ ? e n , troops a u d ortlU ery w ere seen oioving tb ith e r from all availab le so u rcch a i i d c u d -

centratlng at Z om osa, u lo e E n g lish m iles and th ree -q iia r te n from tlia t tow n u u the DnrangiKroftd. T h ith e r V illa R co i w eu t o n th e 2 1 st O c to b c r to take tbe cum m and o f o])eraiion9. C u u a t C'asa- E ^ i a , w ho oocaaoaalJy suffered severely ir v m th e gout, a n d had since th e com m encem ent o f th is m ovem ert b een tlie su b jcc t o f a freah a ttack , did a c t leave D u ran g o , b u t S im on d e la T o rro was actively e n g a ^ d in th e blockade, T h is wm. a in u c b m ore serious n o d e rta k ln g tK*iu th&t w hich

C arlists ca rried o n u n d er th e coounaod of Z um alacarrcgui in Jxuie» 1835. T h e y w ere then iJi possession o f a ll the h e ig h ts a round th e d ty , and w itliiii half-m uaket sh o t o f tL e walls. Subee- ^n eo tly th e C hristiuoa oecnpied a ll the aiirround-

I 4

1 7 6 C H R IS T IN O STRON<> HOLI>S.

io g heigh ts an d conx'cnw, scvcrol o f w hich lli^y fn rd lied aod p lan ted w itb caiioou. T b e y nuw lield (O ctober, 1S 86 ,) the palace o f Bcgofia w here Z uraalocarr^gui received hia de&tii>woim<l — th e m ue*arched b rid g e o f B o lu c ta w here he h e ld b is head-qiiart«rs, rnile o u t o f tho city— the lieigLCs o f M o rro a u d ^ r a v a l l e s , aud th e ibrcc forUfied c o u v o D t s o f S anto MAmos, B arscua San N icholas de l D esie r to on tb e le ft bank o f the river N erv iou ,— those o f L o s C apuchicos, S t. Augustin« arid th e signal fo rt o f B a n d e r s do A rchanda on th e rig h t. A s soon as V illa R «a l appeared before tb c tow n, tb e y deserted tw o o ther » t a t i o u » , viz. the riv er forts o f L a S n lre and O lavcng^. I t was sold th a t th e C bm rinod bad eigh ty -elx p ieces of coDUon o f aU sizes, p lau ted for the defcnco o f the dty» w itb ia and w ithout. T h e C arlists coun ted twenty- oig;ht heavy batCeriog p ieces, W ell m ounted (in* e lud ing som e o f th e b es t th a t cou ld b e spared from tlie fo rtresses), e:tciu&ive o f m ortars. A inougst thom w as a tb irty -tw o pounder, w rough t of horse shoes o n tbe p rincip le o f th e b es t tw ist barrels, by a n iro n com pany w ho undertook to msuutActure ordnsmce on th is pLin fo r F erd in an d . I t had been b u ried 00 th e b reak in g o u t o f th e war, an<l oxi)y d iscovered a f te r tbe d ea th o f Znm alacarregul.

1 le ft D u ra o g o oo the 24 ih O ctober, to be sen t a t th e com racRcem ent o f the slegej and having

slept a t Galdocajio, rv Je u p the h ilb of S t D o ­m ingo a t suurii»? w ith V illa TlcaVa staff, « fm ei^og irom 3 sea o f m is t w hich ro lled in from th e R ay o f Biscay,— covorin^ the tow n aiid r iv e r w ith a dense roantle, th rough which th e cannon o f th e forlo thundered w ith eudlese reverberailons. W c directed uur course along the r id g e to a lit tle h u t erected very ru d e ly w itb lcK»e stones and covered w itb tile® for the accom m odatiou o f the G e n e ra l,— in a p o ­sition to overlook tbe tow o, the aurrouud lng valley and tbe w hole line o f operations. I t on ly cviitjiined a low tab le and th ree chairs from the n em cst co tt.'^c, which, wiLh som e straw to repose oo, com pleted tbe fu rn itu re . H ow ever, ü ie G e n e ra l, and h is chief o f Htaff tb e P o rtu g u ese B rig ad ier U ib lâ tohdo , bade TOe weicomc, a n d the la tte r po lite ly afforded m e all th e inform ation 1 conld d esire respectiD g the localities aud tb e arnuigemenCs o f the camp. T h e n igh t misti« Ruou c re p t up th e m ountain sides and «'afiittbed,— tb e w eather becam e beau tifu lly clear, and every th in g w&s beheld w ith a distinetoess which added to tho in te re s t o f th e m agnificent Scene, i cau w ell believe tlia t the hiUs and ralloys (tround B ilbao afford i^ome o f th e m ost strik ing i&ndscApe contrascs o f cukivatJoD an d savage n a tu re tha t Spajn pre^euts to g ra tify th e eye o f a traveller. A ll above ta rock, h ea th a n d sedge ■, rude , w iK t and « le n t—all below Is a vast gard en , inter»perse{^ «“i th

I 5

c o tQ ^ S f churcbes, convent« a n d palaces, iLrongh w hich w iods a riv er £sobHti<Ally aerpcnCino, one hou r fuL ac d sin r in g to tb e briidf aiion sinkuig tv a shallow ripp le , l o the m idst lies tb e most noble tow a,” ib e c a p io l of olusK ric^steep les g rouped o n e h h o r bank , rep o sin g in its s tren g th aod gjandcnr» onvironed b y shady p ad M i broad quays, form idable torCs» a n d rn c lu d n g witbin i ts am ple lines l<?ver h ills and slopes o f striking

verdure.I fouod tlia t during; th e n ig lit. G en e ra l V illa H«»l

h a d caused a m o n a r b a tte ry to b e construct«! above the C b u rcb of B e|^ons, a t th e r id e of n li t tk h ill w blch she lte red i t from the iire o f tw o batteries in tlic posseaeiou o f the garrison outsiite tlie town to th e south-w crtw ard, bu ilt on a double hlU m very com m andiug positions overlooking the bridge and road to D u ran g o . T h ese C hristine forts are nam ed th e b ig b e r and lowor M o rro 3 th e Car­lis t b a tte ry , the Tloturtt d e B egooa. H ere the ne’ br«9S th ir te e n - iu d i m ortar la te ly cast a t Ofiate, a u d tw o brass seveu b ich howitzers« w ere placed, uuder tb o com m and o f B rig ad ier C uello. I t ' was opened on tb e tow n soon a f te r aujirise, and con tinued w ithout interm ission til l s ix o'clock in th e evening, w hen a cban^^ was m ade in the pro­jectile« em ployed. S ix ty -e iifh t la rg e shell* and 18 6 g renades w ere th row n during; tlie day» o f wbicb

»□ly ooe fe ll short. T h e y w ete d irec ted n o t ouly ^ a in a t t b e forta, b u t » a i o n g ; a t th e house», nod as the towQ lay d isplayed like a m ap a t oiu* fee t, ( b e

iD d iv id u a l b u i l d i u g was im ioediiitely rccogriiscd without tbe a i d o f ft tclcacopc h y th e clond o f sm oke u td dnsC th d t roee « i tb th e exploeiou, w hile the CfOwda w ho covppcd th e hi*ighta declined the nam e of the Streep and freq u en tly ih n t o f tho U rbano mho occupied i t . T h e ^ re a t bell o f tbe convent Santiago w as atruck b y n sen tiu e l th e d isc b a ^ o took placc— t'v icc for a g reuade, a n d th rice fo r a bombsliell. ( i r e a t care «liS obviously bestow ed ou this branch of the dcfcnwvp operations w ith in , for» although heavy sm oke and f re q u e n t flames a ttended the explosions, tb e y soon d i s a p p e a r e d , and o n ly a th in r;ipou r arose to m ark the slia ttered roof. M an y of th e houses w ero un inhab ited a n d tb e ir fu rn itu re removed in expectation o f the long-tlireatened uttack,— few or noue rem a lu la g h u t U rb e u o s v h o were com prutnised w ith tb e C hristluos. N um bers of huuses aroiind, lu th e beautifu l vs^leys o f tb e rivers N erviou a u d A nsa, w ero sim ilarly d e s e r t ' ®d; fi>r th e cannona o f th e C hris tino forts w ere sw eeping tlie ir batiks, an d te a rin g th e sum m its of the S an D om ingu hills w hich w ere crowded * 11 Soldiers an d peasan try re jo ie ing in th e bom­

bardm ent,— eager to a s c e r t^ u th e dam age inflict- ed , w ithout ca rin g for the personal hazard«

I 0

T h e w hole €asr«ni l in e o f tb e tow n fort* ww ac tive ly 8nga$;ed i r addition to th e tw o forte of M o r r o , a n d th a t o f M iravalles, o a the m u ih . T h e p rincipal K ta c lo n s m ibe m t r o n c b c d l i n e a r o u o d the tow n a rc ,— tb e forta o f L arrin ag a , D e l Clrco, (in c lu d in g tlie C am po S an to ,) T-a 1‘arxa {An^Hc¿ T h e T re lb c e ,) and M alloua. T h e y w ere each try in g tlie ir p rac tice ag a in st the new C arlist bat­te ry — th e d istan t ones, o u td d e the town, with »heih a lo n e ; tbosc m tlie lin es ad jacen t w itb shot a lso ; b u t n o t a single C a r lb t vras h u r t a ll d a y !

M allona was p re tty w ell occupied on ita own acco u u t iu re p ly in g lo the a ttacks o f tw o o r three com panies o f iiifkutrv, sta tiooed a t (he nordicro and low est p o in t of the c ity , sh e lte red by aome detochcH boiLses ad jacen t to tb e cuuvei^t o f St. A ugustiu . T h e la tte r w as s tro n g ly fortified fnr u iuske try . T h re e o thers w ere fortified w ith cannon, in cum inaQdlng s itim tlo n s; fo rt B anderas al»o o n a considerable elevation, b u t ic, as w ell as tlie to u r o u tly in g c a m v e D t s w ere too d iataut Co do luiy- til in g effpctive fo r th e re lie f o f the towo-

T h e C a rlis t in fim try w ere indefatigable in the annoyance o f fo rt MnlloiitH « h ic h lu recnrn sent it* tw en ty -four a n d tb irty -tw o pounders through and th ro u g h the houses th a t she lte red th e m ; but scarce ly w as tb e flash c u t o f tbe cafiDou when tl»e fire of th e sbarj>^booters waa re tu rn e d through

tlie sam e em brasure. L a P a rra and F o r t del C irco are n o ^ t lowest oo tk e line« and os they «rere incouveuien tly d rcum stanced for rep ly ing to tho C arlist « U a rp ^ o o te n a t tb o po in ts th e y iiad taken u p , th e y w ere arouMJig them selves b y firing a t a ll w bo appeared o n th e hUls, «spe- eially a t th e G en e ra l aud h is etalT w ho were walking w itb m ost p rovoking nonchalance fnll Iq tb e ir v iew along th e r i d ^ o f S u D om in g o ; wbile the o th e r officers and am ateu rs w itb te le- ¡«copeS) w ere seated o n th e grass h e re and there , w atching the p o g re s s o f (he s]tot and Hhelbi witb intense In terest, a n d a lto g e th er iLsendible to the poimble effcet o a them selvca, ex cep t in connection witb th e a r t o f gunnery . T h e y ap jteared to have a g rea t eon tem p t fo r th e C hrisiino oiiillcryroen, nnd w hen L a P a r ra o r D e l C irco b lazed as tbem , observed w ith tb e iro s t a m u u n g ua iv 'e t^ “ V\€nt «5« i" (it*B com ing h e re I) T h e ir a im wa.s indeed ^^ry bad a ll day , th e wbiatUog over our heads, —Some g o in g c lea r OTPr the m oun ta in beside, aod, suck w as th e influence o f exam ple, tb a t I sa t O r w alked ab o u t w itb the various parties of p lea­sure <m tbobe in te restin g beigb ts u n d er tb e fire o f the C bristino b a tte r ie s from son-rise to sun*set,— contrary co a ll tb e ¡>rudential conaldem tions and resolutions “ In 9iich cases m ada and p ro v id ed ;” b u t

view c f tbe g ran d panoram a below a n d around

I : i 2 M O U N T A I N 5 E I > - M A E ( K G .

w as SO ouigiiilicenC and the scenes transQCting so strik ing nj]<i e rc o tiu l, I couhl sc&rcely w ithdraw m y eyes froiu them . O n th^ side of th e tuwu tlie cau- iiooade wsu» coulluuous, aid^d b y th e forts behind, a n d A gun^boat in th e r iv e r w hich jo in e d in demo* liah iug the housed th a t p ro tec ted tb c eharp-shootors} b u t the ir zeactiun eifected nod ilng fu rthe r. N ot a sing le C«irlbt w as killed o r wounded anyw here a ll day« though th e d ischai^e o f shells r^ainst th e ii b a tte rv was Inccssant. A t cT ery shot loud shont;« w c rr se t U]> b y th e g u n n e rs a o d the bat* &Jiou th a t guarded i t ; i f th o shell fell near, o f de­fiance ; i f d istan t o f derision. I nev e r saw m errier m en.

O n th e o th e r side o f th ? hills, (m ore dU tau t fr<im th e besieged ,) a ll w as active prepara tion . T h e roads w ore co re rc d w ith m u les a n d oxen d ragg ing up tra iu s o f artillo ry a n d an endless » triag o f currM w ith am m unitiuB aa d pro^Tsions from th e M u n g n » side , invisible to tb e h lg li C lirlstiiio forts o f M orro, w hich fired a t ev e ry m ule th a t appesu^ed on the D u ra n g o road, l l i e rem ainder o f th e a rm y *a* p rep a rin g its bivouac, s e ttin g fire to h ea th and forxc to d ry ao d w arm the earth , w hile fo rt D el C irco was ta k in g cognizance of th e ir rude at)3o of bed-m nking, b y firiog over tho hi) Is a t the smoke. A diviMon of the I 'o re lg n J.eg lon w ere in especial h igh spirits , hav ing b een accep ted aa volunteer« to

s c e v p j » a c a m p . 1 8 3

mount the breach*— wi t h th e tr acqumDtooees on the o pportun ity o f eom plotinjf th e ir wartirohe for tbe w in ter h i B ilbao . O n th e road m ig h t b e seen a family p a r ty C9C»ping from D en sto o r O luveaga Uy a d rcu ltuus ro u te ; tbe S eño ra w e a rk g a bonnet, aad seated in a saddic*cbair; th e la tte r a^ ^ m ilia r to the eyes o f th e B b cay a it m ouutaineers as the h c a d -^ a r ú atrduge.

Amongi^l th e pea&aot d r iv e n v c r e m any w um en who followed th e fo rtunes o f «hetr hn&bands or fatberf!, and waltied n p to th e sum m it lu ie n» riew d ie w ar below as e a g e r if as tho id le soldiers thci&selrcq. X b c la tte r now a n d th e n b rough t u p to d ie G o n era l's h u t tb e 2 4 pound shoti^ w hich had flown o r e r th e h ill from o u i a tten tiv e friend D e l Circo. DoscrtCTS from the C k riitln o Uiies o f K a- w r e w ere continually f trrm n g . E ig h te e u lancers* fully arm ed a n d w ell m ouuted , escaped from the ir F oreign L eg io n , p re»euted tbemselTCS to dw G eneral d u r in g th e first day . C h e erin g s lg h u and sounds w ere aeeo and heard everyw here. O q th e tow n side, som e com paules w ere descend* uig d ie beigb ts Ju tlio face o f th e cannonade, tu ri^lieve tlie ir fatigued com rades tu the »harp-i^hoot* io g neighbourhood o f S t A ugustin and g e l pos* sessioü o f the conven t i f possible. 'I ’b e valley w*-t<:hocd w ith th e ir shouts as th e y le t the oao- nonierg (lear how lit tle th e y ea red aboul then), inter*

1 8 4 AFIRITAL o r BON SEBASTIAK.

ru p ted iac^ssan tly b y the tUuoder of th e Insulted fo rt a n d its h undred rpverbem don» w hich tbea« val» ley s aeein fonned to prolf>ng. 0 » she M unguU side , tb e InfooCo D o d S ebastian appeared in sight, com ing to in sp ec t the p r c ^ e s s o f ih c siege. The bac terin j^ 'tn tin ju s t arrived from O n a te , was pro­ceed ing alung tb e sum m it road untouched b y tbe guiiS of the towu, (although in fu ll v ie * , and wilhim

b a lf ran g e ,) to descend in to th e valley a t Duo^to, and (ake u p powCiona w hence th e y ic lg b t cffeci- ively baO cr the w n v c n t o f S t A ugiistm aud makt* a hreacb In F o r t M a llo u a : w hich la tte r was j n d g ^ th e m ost praoticable sp o t in th e lines, though de­fended b y the heav iest o rdnance, aod th e con­v en t (full o f tirw ilen rs) in advance. M eanwhile tb e tw o M onlpncgros {D on Ju a n the Com m andanl- (»eueral o f A rtille ry , nnd h k b ro th er D o n Joaquin, G en e ra l lu sp cc to r o f tb e O rdnance ,) accom panied b y V illa R eal, bad gone d o w D tb e h ill in fro n t o f

th e enem y’s lines lo lay o u t th e g round . T h e h itte r, a tten d e d b y hi« friend S im ou d e la T o rre and several o f bis staff, a l s o spen t s o m e rim e in tb e dan­gerous m orlar b a tte ry . I observed th a t h e exposed h im self w ith a ll tlie te m erity w hich characterised Zuinalacarregni, a n d w a s a favourite with soldiers ac ca rd in g ly ; th o n g b th e y feared th a t B ilbao might de]>rive tb c cause o f Ids services too, i f b e w ent in to its fire a t th e sam e reckless ra le . Lnrd

R&iielagli nl»o sp e n t nome lionrs in th e b a tte ry , b u t be a r t i a ll the re s t happ ily esciipc<i th e sbarfK shooters o f th e C borch o f B egofia, as weU a® the heavy sbot and abeU» t}iat seem ed to ^ l io every spot c sc« p t n h e re th e y stood !

A m ongst tb e d istingubhed officers on th e heigh ts around and lu tb e b a tte ry below, w a s M ajo r-G en era l Ferdinand Z avftl^ the 5 rs t ( in eom pany w itb tb e Mar<|uU V aldespina) to p ro c k b n D o n C arlos in Biscay, the ce leb ra ted P o rtu g u ese L Ìeu t--(jeneraÌ CouQl M adeira» th e L ie u t .- ü e n c r ^ M oreno , the Curò M erino , w bo having ' n o field for ca rn lry operation*—attended m erely as a n am ateu r, C oun t M ortara, and C onn t B<io6-Valdeck, a Saxou voluo> teer o f distinguished bravery , m uch esteem ed b y E gu ia on whose «taff b e had served. T Jie w eather ’ 'as warm a n d clear, w ith scarcely a b reeze s tirrin g en tlie hills, a lthough a g eu tle cu rre n t constantly swept aw ay th e sm oke in the valley, and disclosed the whole scono o f operations. T b e effect o f the inoondiary shells occasionally obscured par­ticular part» o f th e c i ty ; b u t thi» was carried off in 4 few minutes» and the panoram a «•as a g ^ a d is­played. I t w as Imposi^ible to avoid fee ling deep reg re t a t beholding th e seeues o f peacefu l in d a s try and h igh cultivation w hich th is beautifu l valley >uid its w ealthy cen tre p resen ted to the eye a t every p o io t o f view, d istu rbed b y th e ru d e assault

o f w ar; b u t tb e spectacle was so ex c itin g tb u t it enebaiood th e atlcotioQ hou r a f te r bocr.

A t e ig h t u’cloek, r .w . the Fpeucli Consul resi- d eo l in th e tow n (M . L afittc ) 9ont o u t a Hag of tru ce w itli a le tte r to dem aud perm lH ion fo r sevon i iu b jo c l« o f F r a j i c e th e n in B ilbao lo p foccodby the riv er to Portn |pilB te w here a 6tcom -boat awaited th e m ; th e C arlb td liaTing c u t o if a ll intereoupie w itb the sea, b y ta k u ig possession o f th e riv er fort ad jo in ing th e C aoipo V aloncino (L a S a lre ) tlie d a y before, w bere th c re w ere s ta tioned tw o piece* o f cannon, one o f Bibs, th o o th e r of 4 lbs. calibre. E v en th e g u n -b o s t was afra id to a tte m p t th e pas- saj^e, w ith w ind a n d tide in h e r favour. In re ­p ly th e m essenger w as io form cd th a t G cu e ril V illa K ea l had n o t the hon o u r o f a n y official ac- quidjilancc w ith such a perso n ag e as the French C oosul i a n d th is b e in g th o lirs t in tim ation h e had rcco i?ed o f an y au th o rity in B ilbao w ho had any claim lo d ic ta te o r dem and in th e cam p of D on C arlf» , b e b e g g e d leave to dec linc en te r in g into a n y ofiieiai corrc^pnodence w ith h im . l o short, th e C<^usul o f F ra n ce d id n o t re c t^ o ise h im , and b e w ould u o t recognise th e C onsul. T h o bearer o f th e / J r t ^ T h 'cvivr was how ever inform ed that th e re would b e n o difficulty io p a n t in g pcrmias*®*' fo r th e « lid d tiz en ^ o f F ranco to proceed to their ow n couutry th ro u g h the C arlist territo riee hy

as D oo C arlus has uo qu arre l w ltli F re n c b m e o ; but a s tbe B ilbao am bassador bad seeu tL e Curlist batteries, Ite w m requested to aw ait th e re su lt on the heij^hts« w bile tbe anaw er was se n t back b y a p M S a u t . I t was easp rc tcd tlu it am ong th e ‘d ti* 2ena of France»” a iu ia u s to proceed }iome b y P o r- tDgolete, w ere som e w ho w oold m ake a po iiit to put ioto S t. Sebastiau» a£d inform G en e ra l Evaiii» and his friends o f ev e ry tUÍii|r th e y knew , a n d all tha t G enera l S an M ig u e l m ig h t wisL to com m a- ntcate. N o tb u ig resu lted from th is perm ission, and I was subsequen tly luform ed, th a t those who loigLt have w ished to d epart th rough th e C arlist camp» w ere e£ectually d e te rred b y th e ir know lcdgd of the very g re a t p ro b ab ility th a t th e m om eut they Were outside tb e walls, ft ftliower o f C h iistiuo b u lle ts wtKild cu t short th e ir progreas.

H avijig ob ta ined a few hours* steep ia a pcasan t'f cottage on the heigh ts, I was ou th e gro ttnd again before day ligh t uu th e m orn ing o f th e 26 th , to w it­ness the effcctsof the iuceudiary bhells; b u t although tbc n ig h t w as beau tifu lly calm , n o th in g was dis* ceroible iu the tow n excep t a deuse o f smoke. T hey had b een reserved fo r p ro jecdou in tbe dark, tbat the effect m ig h t b e m ore s tr ik io g ly terrific iii the eyes of th e U rbanos. T h r i r f ligh t a n d descent were m deed v e ry g rand , b u t tlie an tic ipated reeuJt ^ th e combustdon was u o t a t a ll yeritied . T h o

U rbano» an d G arrlaou w ere rfoiilitleas v e ry active in q u en c b in ^ w hatever f la io « b roke out, b u t it aluft appeared th a t Cl)0 in re o to r bad b ^ n too san* g u b e a n d p rem atu re m eelebraCing th e ir virtuH , aod th a t too lit tle cn rc h a d b een tol<en b y b is uupe- riora in asce rta in ing th e ir ac tu a l puw ers bcíore b rin g in g them to tb c s i o ^ . T h e effect o f tl»e la i^ e bom b waí¡ iremeudous» b u t th e I 'rb a u o s were iode ta tigab le . i 'if t^ e n inhabio in ts w bo cflectid llie ir escape ev e r o ig h t w ere received b y O faeral V illa K ea l w ith the considerate k ludness whicb dis­tingu ished b im , an d w ore provided witii quarter* til l th e te rm iuaticn o f tlie siege, w hen th e y were se t a t lib e rty . T h e y declared th a t tbe d ty waa a lread y ha lf ru ined , th a t th e garrijion had no dciu< to sacri See theinaelves fo r e i th e r Q ucoo or Coo- stitutioii« and w ould b av e e n d e a v o u r^ tu have m ade term s d u r iu g th e n ig h t, i f the U rbanos had u o t k e p t u p th e ir sp in ts b y eshurtation*, esam pl^,

‘ U . L Ì2 0 ÌK , • F r c o c b E o g in e e r o fficer, w h o eo o stfa cted ib«»c kicflfMÜ«T7 sbeU i, b « d W n d u> ih e n a k o f C o lc«e I by C t r lU u . on íu-xotm i o f ih e ir f s it f i i o b it pyriH^cbiùc h u ( o n (he fa ilu re o f h ú fiv * -ib ld fire-knU , h « fe ll o u t o f • i i b »be » o t Jio h t itv M id b e in g tnuch ■ •u io y e d b y iK ^ lo u h m jo ri e t " n u t t f r r tu * ^ , " (« h ie b h « h »d h in M lf o r t j i iu i r d b ; h u ínce«- MO( d<«ruccW e a ic u r* o c « i co p ro n tx ii« u d l « w l « v e t f ihi(>g h i f pc«^«crilci,> qoiU pd i f « i) io n Jy a fte r »be r e l ie f o fB U b »o 4 t C liri*im n>. L e tte r* fro m the 5i e c r e u r ; i c W a r in Uura»*

JO , t<W ro«ed C olonel L j » i r f , " •»»ve b ee n rv tu m ed b y ih f F ®* '* m is u r » , w h o k a e w n o SHch « p e r s o n ; k u t w lie o » '• '« d i e t e d to " th ey w e re W i* s r« d

prcnlsM , w ine, b randy , bravados—^ n d finoHy a

Ik lle m oney.T w o new batten«» in the valley had been com­

pleted d u iin g tho n ig lil, and th e fire was cominenood (as w on 08 the daw o ren d e red tl^e p a rap e t a n d em ­brasures d is tinc tly vwible) b y th a t p laced in fron t of F o r t M a ln u it T h » b a tte ry w as com posed o f a ih ir tj- ilx -p o o n d e r, a si» tecn*puunder, au e ig h t- pounder aud a scvcn-m ch howitzer- I ts efforts wero direetpd b o th against th e fo rt a iid th e convent, which la tte r was filled w ith sharp-shooterR who k ep t up a brisk fire ag a in st tbe C arlist in fau try an d a rtQ - lery. A t e ig b t o’clock d ie second b a tte ry opened its fire on the tow n. I tco n ftis led o f tw o g u n s of tw en ty - four puuodSf one o f s ix teen pounds and a earronade of t>venty-four pounds. I t lay closely u n d er ihe heights of S t. Domlngo> o n th e aide of U libarrL T h e two tw en ty -four p ounders w ere fired togctber, and produced a g re a t Bcnsation as th e y ra tlled th rough th e forts*. I t w as fu rth e r from th e tow n than th a t w hich was designed for ofTectuig th e m ain Hreaeb, b u t i t h a d a b e tte r view and a w ider selec­tion of objects, a n d a te a rin g etFcct o n P arra . D u rin g th e ir erection a t n ig h t on ly a « u g le m an was w ounded seriously. H is litte r pageed ua before day-break on b is way to the lioepitaJ a t Zam udio, about th ree m iles off. T h is w as th e only perBoo y e t h u jl b y tb e C bristino g u n n e rs ; b u t we could

p erce ive tb a t tL ey w ere improTing; In th e ij aim : several time» d u r in g tL e rao rn ing of t i e *JOsh, they soa tt« 'od tb e G en e ra l’s s ta ff <>n th o lid g e o f S t D om ingo , tL e w ind o f th e biUls w bippm g off cape and gÍTÍng th e ir owuern a bodily siiake in pawiflg. O u e lodged in th e fiice o f t i c h ill, j o s t over m y left sh o o ld e r; b u t nobody w as h a r t, a lth o n g h the bilk fa r and n ea r w ere covcrcd w ith the encanjpuwok; i f 1 m ay b e p e rm itted to ap p ly th e te rm to a b iro u ae wbicL d id n o t ex h ib it a second h iit o r a sing le y a rd o f canvas.

A t te n o’clock in tb e m o n iio g w c couW obsCTTS ¿ram th e lieighta, t b i t som ebody had & llen in the m o rta r b a tte ry on the R o tu ra d e Hogofia, and we hea rd w ith g r ie f tL at the B r i j ^ i c ^ C uello had been k illed . H e was deep ly reg re tte d , b o th as a soldier aod a roan o f she m tisl am iable dii«po9TtioD and gen- tleraaiily condnet. H e was com raandant-general of th e a rtille ry o f N avarre , and had d is tb 'fu ish cd liírn- se lf fo r sk ill and b ravery d u rin g tb e la te w ar iu P op- tuga l, in h is capacity o f G en e n d o f a rtille ry o f tbe forces o f D orn M igueL S in ce h e en te red th e scrrice o f D o n C arlos, b e hnd proved hi9 ab ility b y tbe battery tlio t took th o fo rt o f Z ub iri, b i N a ra rre , w here, having effected a b reach , b e storm ed the p lace n i tb h is own artilleros, a n d was tb e th ird w ho e a te re d a t th e as­s a u lt T iis d ea th was caused b y his s tepp ing out o f the R o tun i, to watch the effect o f a shell directed

U . J U A S K O N T E K E O S O W O U K D E D . 1 9 1

the l>eaT7 g iins in F o r t Larrinaga» (w hm c poacion va& such aa to sw eep (lie lin e o f road b y w bkh the ammaTiidon cam c Co th e m o rta r b a tte ry ), vlien tb e response, o cbaoce shot, w hich b e hftd gone in to the v a y of, l^ ilW b im o n tb e epot, the first siaia iu tlie cam p ! 1 had en joyed th e p leasure of bis society w h ils t a t KsCclla, and experienced a deg^ree o f «¿ttention and kludness o n Ills p a rt, whicb, though a perfec t s tran g e r to N av a rre , had m ode nic feel q u ite oC hom e iq b i» M>ciety, and w hich I was conscious flowed en tire ly from th e c:cabcrant goodness o f bearC h e was endow ed w ith H e wns ¡niceecded iu th e com m aud o f tb e b a tte ry b y O b ta in Plaza, assisted b y C aptain D ’F.rhouort. A t noon, the ( ic n e m l o f a rtille ry , D o u Ju a n M ontenegro was borue o u t o f the b roach ing b a tte ry , wounded by a cannon ball in th o lo ft a rm : ano ther brave

whom 1 h a d in a sh o rt acquain tance lea rn ed to adniire and esteem . T h e CarlLst g en e ra ls Have no «'Cccure ! So m neh is to b e done, and w itb so little meani^ tlia t i t is indispensable th e y p u t the ir f*wn haocls to tb e work, o r see i l done u n d er the ir own eyes. T w o o f the m ost experienced m en in t i e oriluance d ep a rtm en t w ere now k o r * d e eonti>aty ^ d the ba tte ries m u st b a /e w orked u n d er g rea t

‘ H i i i f id e t ' Im i bflcp td o v e d a pension a llo cu d tb e ra n k o i ^ •n *e 4 Z ie • g r id e e^ Q w a lin t to o u t ^ l« jo r> Q co cn l.

12

I f

1 9 £ S ( T B U R B 6 J t r F L A M B S .

rfisa^Tantage«. In th a t before St< A o g u a tir, CafH bdn K ochcfoucanlt com ouiitded, and h iis every m om ent w idening the b reach a t F o r t Malloii&. But lie and h is m en w ere severely expoA^d to heavy iJiot, bliells a b d m u sk e try ; the la tte r from the con* v en t w hich hud been filled w ith sharp bliootcrs for h is annoyance. T h e o ther b a tte ry o f U llbarri « u w orked b y C olonel U rru tia an d C ap ta in Trovo.

T h e K o tu ia d e B ogona had th ickened Its lire m th e absence of a supp ly o f hu*gc shelL% and probably the d ea th o f poor C uello also interfered w ith th e ir arr^uigem ents, b u t th e y soon beg«n U pou r forth la rg e and sm all hri»kly ag a in . T h e town fbrw rep lied w ith g re a t en erg y , b u t n o additional eJFcet, oxoept o u th e low er ssde w here they sco t a num ber o f shells in to n lar^re bu ild ing on the bank o f th e riv e r, cousisliug o f tw o house», nam ed the C asa d e G oyorri, nod C asa d e E ndorica, to deprive the Cirli?.t iu fan try o f so m uch she lte r iu their attacks on th e co n sen t. T h e U tte r d riven out, jo in e d in se ttin g th e m ou fire. A t half-past five i*.K. these tw o hoosea w ere In flam es, aud soon shed a dangerona lig h t ou the breach ing battery« p ro tec tin g i n i ^ t r y , a n d th e road lead in g from the he ig h ts b y v^hleh th e C-arlist c an n o n arrived» and b y w hich am m unition m ig h t o therw ise liave been sen t in safe ty . S evera l o f CaptiUn K o chefoncau lt s « til ie ry -m e ti fell, o r w ere ob liged to leave th e bat-

w ry aovercly w ounded b y th«? b u rs lin g abolís. H e was how ever b a tte riiig I 'o r t M ailona ro dusC, and Uie brcach was a t th a t hou r pronoun cod practicable (&l(bough tLe ascen t o f the h an k to a rr iv e a t U is « t is k for a m an w ith both liands a t iib e r ly ,) w liere- upon th e tL lrd provi&iuual batlaJioii o f C astile jieiit n request to th e Gen<*raJ to h c allow ed to sluiro with lu étrartfféres tb e dan g ers a n d g lo ríes o f tLe assault. T h e artillero»« n f M allonaw ere scon an x io u ^y to rep a ir th e broach w ith sand b a ^ as faét a s i t was m ade, b u t i a vaiu.

A t s ix in ibo crening;, orders w rre g iv en for ihe as sau lt T b e vo lun teers p repared fo r tb e attack , and desecnded tho h ills in th e dusk to ta k e u p a position before F o r t M alioca* u n d er th e cum oiand of R arou d e L os V alles w ho vo lu n teered to Irad tbe stormiDg p a rty . I t consisted o f th ree com pa­nies aud a h a lf (ab o u t 150 lueu) o f tb e F o re igo L e ­gion, and double tJiat num ber o f th e Provisional battaliuu o f C astile. F ive eompaDies Iiad beeu sent, under D o n M auucl B asterra , (A y u d an te to ü e iie ru l V illa B ea l,) to m ake a diversiou uu the left against th e co u re u i of Be¿jona and also smtiinst the towD a t th e side o f F o r t L arrinaga . T h e f^rst» fifth, nnd six th battalion of B iscay, w ore or­dered to be ia readiness to support tb e storuiing; pafty . G en e ra l Guerg^uc» who eom m anded th e luie> also desceudcd Uie hfisfljts to sf'e sbe reinforcem ents

V O L , I . K

1 0 4 C O N D I T I O N O I T i l l B T S T E G E D .

p roperly disposed. I t was a «eriftii» uiidertakijig, fo r th e re w ere w itb ia the w alls a rcg iroeD t of 800 IW a n c « deep ly compromiBed b y th e p a r t tb e y had taken a g a iu s t th e ir coun trym en in ib e two I t w as know n tb e y w ould fig lit like dev ils . N ext 150 P ese leros, deftperadoes o f tlie first Wood, end lastly , five battaUone o f tb e ÜD«, of betw een 800 and 900 m en each , 6ay 5000 m en inc lud ing the

b tt le gnrrisons in the on tly ing fo r» .A f t e r tb e d ep a rtu re o f t b e stormmg: p a r ty 1 co d -

d jiu ed s il tin g on tlie hUl w ith tb e G en e ra l nnd ]m__all w atch ing w ith deep a n x ie ty tb c prc^fresi

o f ev en ts in the Talley. T h e m oon did n o t r»e, a n d a dense dew-mifet chilled th e sm oke o f tbc canuonade t i l l i t fell like a sb e e t o n tb e tow n, the riv er and tb e fields a t th e base o f SU Domingo. N o d iin g w as hea rd o r seen til l half-paft eeveo, e s e e p t tlie ru sb in g f llg H to f abells and tb e roar of th e C arlist b reaeb in g cannonade a g ^ u e t fo rt M al- lona a n d i ts n e ighbour T.a T a m u (T h e former w hen I hdst saw i t , before duak, was one rum ,— ila sha tte red erdxiano# ly io g s ile n t a n d e ip o sed t« v iew ; b u t i t stood like a prom ontory , the lu'^ert p o iu t in tb e chain o f forts , — m erely c o n o e tW b y a narrow ptissage along the liiie o f defence» w hich w as easily c u t off; and so m ig h t b e ren ­d ered useless to a foe w ho succeeded in slurm - ioi7 iu T h e C hristino w orkm en w ere a ll day

geeo from tbe h e lg k tt buny incosssuitiy beh ind tbis waU, repa iring and reeonstructiD g, e ridcn tJy ex- pee iiog tbo aCCaek b y assault.) A t Lalf-pu.sC s«vnn the sm oke partia lly clcarcd a^vay, a n d flashes of m usketry on tho o x trerae r i^ h t, b risk ly ausw ered from the tow n, to ld as th a t th e decepcive a ttac k jind commeuced. T h is cca»ed, a n d Id a few m m utes another fire a t th e d la tao t ]K>int o f l^arrluaga on the le ft cum m enccd, w ith sbouts ctf ‘‘ f t 'r a C a rh t Q uinioP’ “ / i r i f ta / a 4 a ltu f ' (U p Co th e assau lt^)— nuswcred from th e chu rch o f B cgotia b y m uekctry and from th e tow n b y lig h t balis aiid g rap e -sh o t in addition to the fuj^ilLidc o f th e U rbauos. T h e shells from the d is tau t furta o f M orro and M in *

added to the g ran d eu r o f che scene . T h ese d istracting attaekft w ere renew ed o u d iifc rcn t poiittat till fo rty niiiiutea p a s t te o , w h e n a b rilliau t fusil- inde, ID thft d ireetion o f th e llttio fo rt o f L a P arra , h e a l e d to us th a t th e assau lt had eoiomcncod ui earnest, and chat th e s to rm in g p a r ty was m aking It« g raud a ttem p t to eu te r by th e breach . T h ith e r n isbed the garrisoD , an d soon th e ba&tlon w as illu - oun u tfd b y d a r t l D g fires u p and dow n, w hich p la in ly told tlia t th e assailants and defenders w ere in con­f l i c t— f o e s e aod parapet. ' I ' h e five c o m p a D l e » again approached th e tow n , a n d th rew in th e ir q u o ta of fire and til l th e l i n e w as b rillian t a t cyery&ngle a n d a ll t h e fo rts a n d ram parts a t our side w ere

K 2

h rig h tly developed. B u t i t a t th e poioCL a I ^ r r a , tb a t tlie qu ick crossing ani{ a t h a t n ice tin g fire® clca rlv ind icated tb n t th e fureign legiooariea and cLe pruvudouaU o f C astile wore ongtiged in tl>c a s s a u lt ; so th e crow d on tlie JieigLu e ^ e r l y coD oecuated a ll th e ir poncn i o f s ig lil and hco ring to aRCcrCiin tb e ir p ro g re» . Soon tb e inwM for Carlo* Q u iñ is / " redoubled ; the flaslies ¿tre tcked tow ards tlic tow n and gleauied up in m assire glow w ith d a rk square spaces b c lo v and h c tw e en ; w bile t»trauge bollow echoes cam e softened to our e a n , a n d tb e fiery abowers of |;rd p ^sb o t w ere seen no m ore a t a n y p a r t o f th e rampSTt U p to th is period the C a rlis t ba tte ries had coih tin u cd to th row sh o t an d shells, add ing to the sm oke tb a t rose from th e Leav}' fusillade, till a t last w r coutd di*tirg;ui«h n o th in g fu rth e r, except th a t the firing w ithin d ie u a lk . A fte r the sharp contcsr o f m nske try a t L a P a r ra bad oouU- iiuod till n ea r half-past elvveii, i t ceased u t once, and a f te r a b u rs t o f loud aud triu m p h an t v ivas," a dead iiilenee prersuled o u ev e ry side, w li ic l i le ft ua In the g rea te s t uncerta in ty . A soldier now a rrived , who b ro o g b t the g ra tify in g in te lligence th a t tb e assail­an ts bad e u te rc d a n d token p<isscs&lon o f tb e town; — b u t h e had t»een no th ing o f the troops to sup- p o r t tbem - A second arrival, a lancer, cam e U> cou- lirm tbe trium ph o f the storming; p a r ty j tb e y bad

carried the ir pu ln t, desp ite o f a ll oppofticion> atnd he heA heard rh e ir chccrs wiiliin L a P a rra ; b u t he alflo know notliiog o f ib e reirforcem eotK . /iy u - danUs d i Campo w ere dispatchcH Co ev e ry <]ti>U‘(er to leara the cause o f dc'lay a n d to bu&ieo th e con> ccrtod m ovejoeiit. L o rd R a u e b g h and C ount \ ’aldeck w ho liad b een down to the spot to watch the rosnis, a t leag tti b rough t ii i te lU ^ u c e o f the reverse th a t had occurred. T lie s to rm ing p a r ty iu tiie ab&rnce of support a t the decisive tn o n e u t, had beeu ob liged to re tiro a f te r perfo rm ing prodigies o f valour. T h e Urbaocis, to do them juslIPG) had fought like b rav e m en w ho liad every th iu g to lose, aiid w ho w ere u o t lu th e least inlDmidated b y the bom bardm ent. D u r in g the a ttac k th e y oscliauged some very bad laugui^^e w ith th e ir ai«suilauts acroHs tbe fosse, w’h ieh could b e pLiinly hea rd on the hill5, accompaDied by tb e ir s iugu lar war>lioop— half*hiugh half-uhoiit. *‘H o o ! hoo! hoo-»>o!*’ w hich goca fu r­ther, and eaLpres^e^ m ore o f lively defiance and aar- easnc ttiiim pli than an y th in g o f the k in d I ever hcurd, except a t a u Irl^h fair. T h ese shouts, th e crie« of the w ounded w hich ro«» am idst the w hizzing and s in g irg o f balls a u d buUets o f all sl2es , tlie rush of shells, g ren ad es and fire-balls, form ed an opclicstr:» o f discord tiia t 1 sluill nev e r fo rge t. S eated upon t i e heigh ts <if S t. Dom iD go, w e occupied, it Wore, the upperm ost bench o f an am ph ithea tre w here

K d

every sbarp soim d nxte to us from (be vaUey witb s ta rtlin g precision . Ic was quice v b rio u s w betiier a b u lle t lidd s tru ck or con tinued its w ay, nliisCiiog; M i t w ent, til l i ts fbrcc was s p e n t A Dum ber o f o tber pbenom eD a o f sigLc a u d sound , w bicb b y day escaped us, also sCruck on o u r senses w ith slngiilftr d tsdnctness.

N ezc moriiiDg I lea ru ed tb e particu lars o f tbe assault, w bicb w ere b riefly as follows:— the storm ing parCy b y som e m istake loaC tb e ir g u id e in the Hark and p roceeded d ll tb e y cam e to & raviD« in fro n t o f L a I 'a r ra , insteail o f forC M aDona (wbere th e lirs t and g ro a t breneb » a s m ade, aiid w iiieh^ th e y had becD ordered to g o ,)— w blcb la y m ore to chelr r ig h t. T h e re th e y a rr iro d a t half-past seven» utiseeu b y tb e eue iuy , e i c n s iv e ly fad g u ed b y the fa» d n cs tb e y earricd , woigbiDg from four Co si“ arobas (from 1 cwt. to c u t ) ; a n d exposed at overy ascen t o f th e uoeven ground to the crosb^iir«« e f forts w d battcrici^. H e re d ie y k ep t qoioC and w ell coucealed, re s tu ig for th re e hours, which u ideed tb e y req u ired afte r tiic ir la tigum j? march o r e r v e r y s t e e p a n d b r o k e D grounds, u D ftW e to a>'ail th cm ack es o f tb e r o a d ^ w b i c h w o u l d have sm oothed tb e ir w h v . T h e m r n w e r e , l i o w e v e r , in

h igh spirits aC tb e id e a o f chc g lo ry o f ta k in g tbe cnpiCal o f B iscay from d ie C hrlstinos, and In ihn h aste o f the descent, eTen le f t the ir brandy beliiud-

M O U N T l S a T H E B R E A C H . ^99

A t liiklf-past ton o’clock th e y rooT«d forw ard W tLf M aaalt, w hile ih « U rb a n os w ere occupied b y i h t feinta m ade b y D o n M anuel R axterra oo tb e other poiots. H ow ever, tk e g u a rd o f I -a X 'aira, (k ep t on the q u i v iw b y tb e prev ious false a ttacks ou differ­en t pwntii,) caugh t s ig U o f tlie fo rce a d v a u d u g to the w ue one , nnd p on red in a heavy fire on them ere they oduld approach tlie fosse. Th<H*e who carried tb e fiwciues th rew th e m dow n on th e spot, and, w ith the in s tin c t of &elf-prescrpatiou, took to tb e ir arm», b la ic d aw ay a t U>e garrU e« , and finally leaped th e d itc h o r scram bled in to broach and em brazm e as b e s t th e y couW— tiie fiw dnes b e in g tw o or th ree perches off. T b e assault and en try w ore m ade w ith g ro a t gU lan try , am idst a dreadful show er of g rap e »kot p reparod fo r lliem , and a heavy fire o f m nskelry from th e fo rt guard. L ientcn.'int A dolpke D ’A i^ y , o f th e T o re ig n L e ­g ion, a tall and pow erful m an, (whose gallan t cou- d ac t was liigh ly adm ired d u rin g th e laM C hrisiino iiienjsion tow ards i:«lcUa) was one o f th e forerao5»t to clam ber u p tlie b re a d i and k ill tw o artilU rym en U thoir ^ n s , b y h u rlin g a conple o f pav ing stone» a t the ir boads. T h e fo rt g u ard w as th e n chased aw ay araidat loud shouts fo r C arlot ( ^ d n lo f w h id i a ttracted s tro n g rciniorccm euW of tb o garriftou te th e spo t; w hen th e few wbo l» d th o u e u t^ e d w ere d riven dow n tke breach ^ a l n a t tb e p o in t o f the

K 4

b a y o o c u A g a in th e s to rm in g p a r ty co llec ted Aud fo rm ed fo r t l ie afuuiulr, th e i r o u ts tn n d in g pom rad(^

p v u iio g in n d<^t7iictivr: fire» th o u g h e x p o s ^ a t c r r r y m o m e n t to o n e e q u a lly d a n g e ro u s from ih e ir

u w a bat.teriea w h ic h c o n tin u e d to p la y o n thi» {luiutf a ¡)p a rc n tly in rg n o ran co o f tb e r e a l a ssau lt o n T.A P a r r a , a ltb o u g li a laesaec i^er }iad b e e n ecn t to w arn ib e u i; b u t i t »eem a b e n e v e r rc a c b e d Cuj»uún

R oehefD iican lt |— p ro b a b ly k il le d b y tb e c ro ss fire^ T h e g a rr iso n now ru s h e d b t o th e fo r t, m a n u e d th e w alls a n d p o u re d a h e a v y firo o n th e ir asaailanU ,

w ho p ru d e n tly r e t i r e d a u d d rew u p i s a hollow sp a c e a t »<imc dU tanco fro m th e lin e s , slieltererf

froQi th e fire o f th e ( J a r lis t b a tte r ie s , a n d p a rtia lly fro m tb a t o f th e g a rr isu tt ; • - t h e r e tl ie y rem a in ed

to r a w hile , fiK ng a w a y , b e u g atiU io ho|»e« tlia t th e a rr iv a l o f re lu fo rc e m e n ts w o u ld e n a b le Üiem to

r e ta k e th e c ity . B u t tiie g ra p e s h o t a n d fiu illad e 4^ rh c gtU’riso n w as re n e w e d a n d co u tiiiu ed w iib

a r d o u r n o rc in fo rc e m e u t a r r iv e d (p ro b a b ly from th e d e la y la u s e d b y th e r c c o s s ily o f g o in ^ a ro u n d OTCi' v e ry b ro k e n g ro u n d , (o av o id th e bh<^t and sh e lls o f th e fo r ts ) ; so a f te r re p ly lu g to th e t i r e of

th e g a rr iso n fo r a b o u t tw e n ty m in u te s , d ie s to rm in g p a r ty w ithd rew to th e ra v in e w h e re th e v h a d found

s h e l te r p rev io u s to th e a tta c k , a u d th e r e h a lte d aud p re s e rv e d s t r ic t s ile n c e fo r a b o u t tw e n ty m iu iites p w re . T h e g a rr iso n b e lie v in g tb a t th e ir en em ies

}ia<1 m arched to renew the iu«aulc o n som e ot)ier puint, aUo ccascd firin g and k e p t carefu l «'atcli along ihc ir lin e . T lie C arlist* th e u silen tly re- turued) aud ca rried off th e ir w ouuded. T h e Barori do Io6 Vail o s rem ained to *ee the sufferers b rough t u p ou ihe ir comra<Ie8* siioulders aud sent lo th e H ospita l a t Z«nj'«i4io, w as rep o rted to Le a m o u u l tiie slain. N e x t m orn ing h e was received in the cam p as one risen from th e dead . Sum e of h is frieode w ere lu q in n n g a b o u t hi« b o d y : others had a lread y jp v en directions tha f m&sses should b e said fo r Ids so u l; and th e A lealdc o f a noighbouriug v illage refused to honour h is o rder lo r rocicw/i, on th e very justifiab le p le a th a t d ead m en could n o t ea t. O rw ni, th e b rav e com mftndanr o f th e Foreign L eg ion , w as k illed in fro u t o f tbe hreaeb. A m ougst those w ho eu te red i t and re tu rn ed alive, were L io u te n ao i C harles D ’A rg y (b ro th e r of Adolplie) and a vouiig F rcneh officer o f th e E n ^ i- ueors (C ap ta iu VilUerte), who 1‘ftd w alked down the h ill with tbe F o re ign I ^ ^ o n and atcerwardR w alked into the fire w ith them , a rm ed o r ly w itb bia sw ord ; hu taw o u n d e< l m an soon rosijfned h b m usket find « tftridges to h is use. I£e tbe ii dashod ou witb the rest, one o f th e biosJ effective of tlie party . Young» lig h t, a a d ngile, b e clim bed u p iu to the breach ou th e sbouldera o f a ta ll G erm an , wlio

K 5

kindly le n t h im a l i f t ; b u t b e was a w c e iy u p , wLcn h e wQii fe lled b y a blow of u C 'hnstino musket, T h e b sy o u e t was did n ex t m om ent a t b l i b re e s t; w beti a sh o t from ta li C /erm au, w bo bsd ju s t g ^ n o d tbe p a n p e t , la id tb e U rbono p rostra te , anO sa re ti tb e you n g cap tam fo r so o tb e r day . N ext m orning; h e rece ived a dow nrigh t scolding; froo i bis o ld G en e ra l S y l w l r c , w ho » ¡ked in tb e t r a e spirit ftt a (ilsciplitiariui, “ W bo ordered you to g o there, S ir? I fn igb t h av e vaulted y o a h e re t”

L ieu t« iia iit A do lpbc D ’A r ^ re lu ru e d w ith three m usket sho t hole« tfarough bta fro d ( and tro v se n . b u t ill a w hole sk in n e re r th e le a s for w hich i l b difficult to accoun t, fu r bi» n i u ^ e t wiut seen spUn* te re d to piecc^ b y g jap e-sh o t r s h e raised iC to fir^ w hile H])proacbiug tb e parapet. I t was tlieu that

d efau lt o f b e tte r w eapons b e t(X)k to stones, i m&R assu red th a t fu lly of the Foreign) L e ^ n passed the brea<^, aud I fu lly believe th a t i f the prijm ised re inforcem cuts had arriTori ia tim e, the tow u w ould ha7c fallen in to th e batida o f X)»n Carlos. W e luay fa irly esd toate the m orsl force ill operation a t eacb side b y tb e fat;it tb a t tbe Car* lints tbouf^ht i( on ly nceossary to send 1000 men (450 to »toroi tbe breaeli, and 550 m ore so support tbem ,) ag a in st a garrison (strong ly defended by reg u la r lin es and forts) o f betw een 4000 aiid 5000. K now ing th a t tb e ^ to rm lug p a r ty had entered,

those who rcm ú iied o n che heígbcs cuuld n o t believe li ta t i t was w h h iu tlw pow er o f Útc Chris- ttans t4> drive them o u t s g a m ; ao<l wHea L okI IlaneU gK aoH C oun t V aldcck re tu m < ^ w ith the actual new s o f the rep i^s« w hich th e F o re ig n L c p o n h a d Bostmne«!» th e y fouud the G cuepsl an<l everybody incrodulous.

T h e u e x t dny tlie bom bardoien t w as w n ttn u ed , b u t w en t w i ra th e r slow ly, g rea te r a tten tio n being paid to liw projection o f th e »^helli. H ow ever, c o íí-

sidem ble doubts w ere ex¡>rBíR»ed as to th e policy o f con ticu iiig , o r, indeed , o f hav ing adop ted siicli a proceeding against tlic c ity . I t o u g h t, iccordm g to all t i c conwderationfi o f hu m an ity and the ru les o f dv ilized w arfare, to bft on ly em ployed iu case* of stern iiecessilv, w ith th e yiew o f b rin g ú ig a

to a speedy te rm ination b y tlie m oral as well as m ateria l in jn rv i t in flic ted o n lI'G defenders p re­para to ry to UI assaiilL l u th is ca>e, ho^ 'cver, t h t bomHurdroeol ra th e r p roduo -d irriCatiou tiian in- tim idatio ti; th e p roperty o f friends and foes also suffered alike 5 no t, how ever, to th e e x te n t th a t was au tíripatcd , for M . l.ixo ire’g inccndiary ball« b y DO m eans realised the expcctaliooe form ed of them e ith e r b y C arlists o r C hristijio^ In d ee d , c « i- stn ic led as th e foriifications w ere, i t w as q u ite poa- eiblc to ta k e the tow n w ithou t a n y artülefy» b y a surprise and assan it well «npported- T h e only

K 6

ditcii i s n eitL et w ide n o r deep ,— > th e p arap e t m ígbt be onsily pasBed>~aiid, t b e ^ tw o obstacios over­come» the w ould be dcfcncclesR desp ite o f all tb e arliUecy oo d ie ram parts. A n in stn ic tlve iii- o idcn t o c c Q J T c d 1 q t h e course o f tlie assault,— t b «

stoTiniug p a r ty passed tb e dJtcb >rithout fascloes or lo d d c ra^^step p in g o d euch o ther’s »tuck-bayooetB and shoulders!

A l l officbl re]H>rt o f a ll tb e k illed and wouoded, u p to the d a te o f O c to b e r 2 7 , o’clock p. m. aiiDOuoccd tw en ty 'f iv e io&tnery k illed and w ounded. O f these foiirtoen w e re k illed and fifty- Hire woiiiided th e previous l i l i l í t, <>ÍgLt klUod acd D Íoetee ii w ounded b e lo n ^ d to th e F o re ig u L e^on^ and s ix killed a n d tid r ty -s is w ounded to the Casti­lian ProviMonali«, abh» e n g a ^ d ¡u th e as«aulu T h ere w ere besides six artille rym en k illed ao d sixteeu w ounded in th e batteries. T l ie la t te r w ere m uch an­

noyed tow ards th e side o f the conven t S t A ugustin , >^d i t w as th o u g h t th iit th e broaclunj^ c a i iu O P would have a b e tte r efPpct i f d istrlbn led anew ; so during; the nij^ht a couple of p ieces ( th ir ly ^ b ; a n d tw enty- four pounder^») w ere sen t th e first posiQon^n ea r th e convent, to ano ther betw een tha t baEtety and the secoud, erected a t U llbarri. T h e garrison o u th e ir p a r t did the ir u tm ost to r e p d r tiie extrem e u o rtheru fort, M allono, and to throw u p v^orks tv to p th e in g ress o f assaUajits b y t h a t rou te .

i f a n iQ ustra tion be rp q iu re d o f dit; feo lsngs w id i

w hich S p ^o ia rd s e n te r in to a oom hat, ju id o f th e m iseries whlcL m u s t a t te n d tl ie ir c iv il w ars, i t w ill

bi* f<iuud io th e fec i t b a t th e r e w e re sev e ra l so n s in th e C a r lis t a rm v w hose ia tb e is w «ro U rb a u o s in

B ilbao ( T h e la t te r e n ro lle d i d th e i r l a n k i a l l froro th e age« o f fo u r te e n to s ix ty . T h o y p la y e d a

d e sp e ra te g a m e , a n d lo o k e d o n th e p ro b ab le de­stru c tio n o f d ie ir p ro p e r ty in th e d t y a s a tr ifle cu iapa red w ith tb e co n seq u en eee o f dcfeaU l l e u c e

th e ir e n e r g y ; h c n e e Sfiu M ig u e l fo iu id ib c m th e m ost cfioc tive p a r t o f h ia g a r n s o n ! O n th e out&Jde,

a ll w as life a n d acL irity to hn>«ten th e Qiege a n d accom plish th e c a p tu re w h ile th e g o o d w e a th e r

iitsted. T h e co u n try was s t i l l c lo th e d w itb a ll th e rioh v e rd u re o f a u t u m n o n l y th e f ig - tre e s had y e t ib e d ih e i r leaves. T b e valieye w h ich c n r iro n e d

S t D o m in g o p re s e n te d o n « v e ry b a n d ev id en ce o f n a tu ra l fe r til ity a u d h ig h cu ltiv a tio n . T h a t w h ich

lay on th e B ilb a o s id e a p p e a re d lik e a sc r ie s o f g a rd e n s a n d c o u n try s e a t s : us tlic' s p e c ta to r lo o k ed

a ro u n d o n tb e o th e r s id e fro m th e an c ien t£ rm * V /iaa tb a t c row ns th e su m m it, hi?* e y e a lig h te d on th e t i l ­

lag es o f Z ain iu iio , D e r r io , L u c Ii o q , E ra n tlia , A tub« y o n d im , T ^ x o n a a n d A lg o rta , sw e e p in g in a lo u g oval v a lle y ti ll th e e y e re tu rn e d h y J ’o rtu g a le te ,

O l a v e ^ a a n d D e iii to , to r e ^ t on B ilb ao ag a in .T h e c o n tra s t p re s e n te d b y d ie m ou n ta in s , c lad a«

2 0 6 C H R tS T IN O D E 9 £ k 1 £ K i .

lh«y w ere in h e a th and furzQ above che line o f sn d chesCuuts» rendered tb e ftceoe sCillm oreim pre«- s ire . T h ese b e ig b ts h a re a ll tb e »¿Cural acccssoriea o f a good position fo r a sum m er eticampn)CDt,-'<b^ lo g furuislied w ith wood, w ater, bedding , juid brow»- k ig , and one ex ce llen t road lead iag from th e he.irc o f the C a rlis t resources, r ig h t th rough th e m idst o f tb e bills, (everyw here com m anded b y Ü»eiii,) to th e besieged tow n— tb e cap ita l o f B iscay. I tuy fo r sum m er, becau.se in w in te r i t U impogsibte for an y troops (and these m oan talneers a re am ongst ib e hard iest in the world) to rem alu there , e7}>06ed to s degT^e o f cold and dam p co iab ined w hich w sufficient io convert fingers and lo es íu to í<ñcl(«.

O d üi# *J7th, th irty -> ue deserterí< f ^ m ib e Chris- idno lines a t V itoria and N avarre , a i r i re d a t the cam p, iu fo u r several {sartice. l> u rin g lb « flight^ ibe ra in fell in to rren ts and coutloned &c i i i te n 'a b on th e 2 d tb , so (h a t th e a rm y began Co fWir tha r Bilban » o u ld escape b y th e m ere access o f wbit«r. T h e troops w ere sdll in tb e ir sum m er clo th ing , a»d alchougb th e y h a d b ltlic rto been v e ry eom fortabtt a n d e ife d iv e in tite ir ligbc linen trousers bem peu sa id aU , ic w as impo««ible th a t chey cud Id endu re ha lf a do?en bucb n ig h ts , (de«títu ie as tbey w ere o f a n y p ro tec tio u ex cep t w hat th e y cuiiM g et up in th e shape o f rude h u ts form ed o f brauches in terlaced w ith hea tli,) w ithout b e in g reduced tv a

couditÌ<iu Ui&C won Id obllg;« th e m to con tinue tkn if w inlpr’s cam paign iu Uie hoapitsil. T h e î28th was Low^Tcr, p e itia ily fine, und tiie G en e ra l m aüe llie m ost o f it, d ifec d n g th e fire o f ibe new b a tte ry (tbe 4ch) a^fotnst th e cc^y cn t o f S t. A ug u stin , wbieh S an M ig u e l had filled w ilh eharp-shooters wh<» se­riously lu iuoyed the h reach iu g b a tte ry . T h e re wtts,I believe, a n iü te iitioo of try in g an o th er assault, { « ith a ll the ligh ts w hich ex perieuce eould furnish aa to the causes of ^ l u r c on th e ârbC a tte m p t;) b u t th e heavy s tonn of ra iii w h ich se t in , sufficed w d crao g c ev e ry opera tion o f th is natu re .

D u riu g th e ea rly p a r t o f th e day , w hile the sun sbone V rigbl u u th e tow n u id th e b a tte r ie s iiumherH riuuuged the hiUs th a t overlooked thorn, lo w itness the progress o f the as usual, and b e sho t a t by I OS fn e rte s del C irco, L a P â m , aud C am po Santo, i canno t accouul fo r it. Hot tbe C hrîsüno g u u n e r t alw ays “ fe n d e d us” m ore par- tlcu ia jly ô t th e period o f C orporal T rim ’s love fie», tha t is to say “ o f a m orn ing ." T h is partiea lar rnurniug ( tb e 2 8 th ) , G en e ra l F en ia u d o Z avala (to whose k in d asHÌstanee t waa in d eb ted fo r the com furts o f bed a n d buard o n th e heigh ts o f St. D om ingo) was s taud ing along w ith B rig ad ier O rca- Mtas, w hile ü e u e ra l S im on d e la T o rre stor’d betw een them , in fro n t o f the G en e ra l’s hu t. Ju s t thoD a tw eiity -lb iir pou u d sh o t from D e l C irco cam e,

12

* ¿ 0 8 A S I O H T F O R C R U I K S I I A N R .

w itii adm irable p r e o s io o iu to tb e m idst o f the

group , g o iu g H gbt ill rough th e am ple c loak o f Za­vala, carry ing off lu ilf the s k lit o f that o f OrcasiCafs

a s tbe^' am icab ly flo ttered in tk e bree;eet shaking tb e p antiles on tho G en eral’s b a t behind. I t was a s ig h t for C ruiksbank, a s th ey looked at

each other, look ed a t (heir sk irts and th en looked over tho h n t for S i i s o a d e Lt T orre . H e M'as no­

w here lo be se e n . “ H e was a brave m a n !” said oiie: — “ A true C a r l i s t r e j o i i i e d tiie other-— “ T hank y o u I” said tlic m issin g gen era l w ho had ju s t stepped

aside a iD ouieiit before, to lig h t a cigar, aod ko hist h is sbiTC o f tbe shot w hich w ould cerUunly have saved him irom all further earth ly trouble*.

W h ile ia iig b in g over h is lof«, and adtniring the aim o f the C hristu io A rllllero , tb e C b ie f o f Staff

(G en era l U rbistondo) p u t L h Lead ou t o f the hut, a o d v ery properly desired th e y w ould a ll le a v e that^

and h a v e tb eir jo k e o u t som ew here e lse ; fur if th ey stood b«?fore th e h u t 90 d irectly , th e r e o f would

in ev itab ly b e brokeu and th e ra ia g e t tliroiigh. A s it wn^ the rain did p en etrate and th e bed siraw

soon becam e very w et and nneom fortab lei so I ear* ried off m y portfolio lo the E n n ita n a o f S i. D o ­m in go on tbe ad jo iu ijig su m oiit, w hich, having a wat4?rpri>of roof, had b een se lec ted as a sla tioa fi>r

t lie principal pow der am gazine. I t served as a

cooveu ieiit i e H v U i a for th e a ll tJie p^ftsanigirls duriiij» tiie h ea v y show ers, and afforded aii

e iw H c n t v ie w from ih c p o r t ic o ;— for tKc* h ills wer« crowdrd a ll day» d esp ite o f tb e raiQ> with visityrs from th e vil)ag;es lu sh e v o lley s w bo came

Co sp en d th e day w ith the besiegeri». I eould not but adtbire tb o coofideuce» ^ o d f j i th aud sc»ci- ability , w hich pervaded the csimp. T h ere w as a een-

tinel a t tbe door in d eed , but a ll w ho pleaiied w ent ID and o a t a t d iscretion :— how ever, c?c*ry b od y w as

prudent onoiig;h to refrain from eu ter iiig w h ile he had a u g a r io h is m outh. A s to ordinary causes

o f aiarm or a n x ie tv ( iu th e K ngliah acceptation o f the word) th ey seem ed so b e (^uke insensib le . T h e

E rm ituna was b u ilt up ou tw o w des w itii dwelling; bouses, th e en tire form ing a b lock b u ih ling , y e t they socm od to have no fear o f tlie cook cry fires at

the other sid e o f the waJL T h e door sti*od open towards B ilb a o for tb e sak e o f the p rosprct, h u t the

ChrlbtiJio halls a rd sh ells ncTcr en tered , althongh tho u ia p ir in e was v is ib le from llio ir h ill forts o f

M orro aud M iravallea , aud th e CarlisS artilleroi eculd p la in ly b e seea throi»g;hout the fonr days

w hich the s ie g e lasted, csirryiug their pow tler barrels from it dow n to th e mortar battery a t B eg o iia . H o w ­

ever S t. D om in iclc, {although fa llen from h is altar aTid m erely se t stead y on h is fee t Id the co m er , as » p o in t o f canonical e liq ttc tte ,) s t ill preserved the

iD agazine frotn «nther round sh o t or sb e ll^ very*

fortu n ately for m e, as during b t t e r tw o days I had estabMsbnd a com ibrtable w ritin g and drawiog; dftsk o f em p ty aram unltioo boxet» in tL^ open door­

w ay for ih e sake o f lig h t. T h e w om en look ed on w id i « y e s tliat p en etrated through and ibrou^h the

silTCT-paper leaves o f m y m anifold w riter, e v eo to ih« m eta l ta b le t: and w h eu th ey d iscovered “ the prind- p ie ,” w ere exceeding;lyc<»m pliiDenlary to M r.W edg­

w ood. N o t that there w u a n y ctocessity,'' tbey tru ly remarkotl *^of sen d in g a dohie b y a secotid

m essen ger th roagh tLe B asque provinces w hen a C arlist oorm ) hafi b e e u dispatched w iib th e lirst. A B asque cof /idatUe w ould d ie soooer tbati betray his

tr u s t B u t w h en the m ail-bag passed th e frontier aod

g o t am on g the acoundrclly C hrlstjao consul» and ag en ts in su ch fu reiga p laces as B ehub la and Bny- oone^tbere was n o k n ow in g wLat m ig h t happen.'*

T h e ch ildreu too , lin ed th e h e ig h ts to look on« w ithou t a though t o f d ie risk tb e y ran. l u tbe field

before tL e P.rmilasui stood a b ta u tifu l g ir l (whose

e y e s w ould L ave turned the jj;«© o f tb e O lym pic auriience from ibuse o f ^ lad a in e V estr iB ),lean iu go ii her cJi^t a m i, la sfntinelia, w ho h e ld h e r um brella

over h er head w h ile h e exp la ined the operations

g o iu g O D beiow , “ T h ere ,” said h e as I passed, “ the garrison i s g e tt in g ou t another g u n io M fdlona to b ea r aga in st our battery!" and then h e curscd

unineinioiii^ily I 1 k n t th e liappy couple my te les­cope ; o n w hieb th e »en tinel, a r e r y fine y o ung fel­low, p lan ted b is m usket as a stancUrd fo r the T b e g ir l a f te r a short v iew , declared th a t she could see q u ite as w ell w ith h e r ow n fy es , au d ae K^r compruiiou ecom ed lo p re fe r s ^ l u g ev e ry th in g te - dected th e re in , ray lele>Kxipe was re tu ru ed w ith mucha» ffraeias, and I le ft them to tb e ir hnppinesA. T L e peasau lry w ere wasLloff elotLes Id tLe siream V usual a t tLe IJ lib a rr i side , regard less o f iLg can- neoade, as i f tb< y could n o t b e h i t ! 15u t tb f C hrisiino ebarp* shooters w ere do ing considerable miBchief ib e re o n th e 2 S th . A t tlire e o’clock p.m. poor R oehcfoucault was s truck in th e brcaehiog Luttory b y tw o bell«, ooe th ro u g h th e bead , the otlier th rough tbe body, fired a t the sam e instau t, from th e conveu t of S t. A ug u stin . H U d ea th was

a severe loss.A n hour afterwards, w e beheld uu iu lerc*d ng

raoveraent o f tb c g a rr iso n ; a sa lly o f 5 0 0 C hris- tinos from F u erte M allo iia and the A r ^ u a l a t the riv«r-«ide, to storm tlie b attf riea a o d sp ik e th e guns.

iT iose w ere d efended b y tb e brave Guia* de A lavc, under th eir com m jodant I.ieu ten a iit'C o lo n c l G a r i-

dia, w ho received them so ga lla n tly tb a t th e assail* ants w ere ob liged lo turn and f ly for sh e lter to

tbe torts ^ a in .Ca^jtain D 'F .rbouart was w ounded th ere , but

«lightly . S rv c ra i artlUeros also suflereJ sccorely, b u t the loss o f tb c C brisU uos wa? so touch g re a te r in th b arm o f the aeriiCG th a t Sao M i­g u e l was obligod to su p p ly tikeii p laces w ith infan­try . 71 ie C ouo t do C o e tlo ^ D , a p ag e o f (lharle« X ., wbo oro$84?d th e fron tiers w ith m e, aod imzne' d ia te ly obtained a lieu tenancy iu the corps o f cngv neere (corresponding w itb biaartA inm ents in L 'E coie PolyterAniffuf'J was ve ry arduously e u ^ g e d from the conjioeiicem ont o f the siege lo the constm ction ai)d repa irs o f the batteries, b u t, tboitgli exposed at ev e ry m om eut, happ ily e s c t ^ d >vitbout a scra td i. T h e IV iuco D o n >Seba»tiao, w ho w as qviart«Tfd at Zam udio, was p resen t ev e ry A ftj on iJie bills, over­looking; the operations, a n d coustaiitly w ro te ex­p resses o f thpir pro/s7ess ti> tb e K ing,

T h e native l^usquo troops asaeoibled before B ilbao form ed a very respectab le fo rc e ; n o t perhaps in the E o g ib h o r F re n c h seuse of th e w ord, their uniform s being; o f various p a tte rn s in the «aioc com pany, few h av ing stocks o r stuckingH, a o d fower s till bav iijg th e ir shoe’s blaclcenod: (indeed, the m ajority w ore sandals in s te a d ;) b u t respoctzibte in essentials ra tb e r th a n sem b b n ccs. T h e y w ere per­fectly careless o f dan g er, w onnds aeid death, ye t doeile and ohed i e n t ; h ig h ly sensitive an d j ea1 ous ou the sub jects o f national honour and individual dig- n i ty ,y c t con ten ted ly bearitjg p rivations o f clothing.

lodging;, pay o r d ie t, a s tbc case m ig b t b e , wbicb wuuid w o k e B rilieb Croops fre tfu l, liisubordm ate, pestífero us aiid uaeleas (t’t'ie S u S ebastian). I li^7c been am ongst th e se â n e fellows dây a n d n i^ b t on the hill" w berc, iKough th e y w ere exp<>se<i to a ll wea­thers nnprotoctcd , a iid ex p e n en c lu g w bat I once befitd na I n s b b fg ^ a r describe a s “ tb e be ig b t o f inclcm ency, and n o usage to m end i l ,” i have never heard them g ru is billig, o r found them beeking to drown th e ir caros in ag u a rd iea le . I n c ? c r k3w a druiikeo or <^uarreisome n u n am ongst tbeui> and uever beard o f such a tb in g as a tic^g in g . I b rard , indeed o f a n iitteo Jed ro bbery a t E « te lb , a u d saw tlie m an w bo saw tbcm anw *ho heard o f oue ac tua lly com ruitted tliere (a b oyna bo ing snatched off som e­body’s bead a t n ig h t.) Siicli a th in g m ig h t occur in N a ra rre (fo r I lo st a pair <if spu rs th e re ) , b u t I belio re i t to h e im possible in th e m ouota ius of Biscay. 1 le ft m y knapsack, lay portfolio» m y cloak, m y telesc<*pe, m y pocket flask, &c., h i any b u t o r m agazine tlia l I found tnost convenient, Qod aobody m eddled wtili a sing le a r t i c b . 1ti the pauses o f -war sù\ w ere g a y as lark%— chatting , jok ing , card p lay ing , o r s ta g in g “ á ¡a ghria.'*

T h e B iscayan p a y sanas, you n g and old, w ent th rough th e cam p w hen ever thoy pleased, f e a rle a and nncluilleiiged. I t w as to th e m on ly ft la rg e as- »eiobly o f tn e n d s and acqutüutances w here they

2 1 4 B I S C A Y A N I N D E P E M D B N C T : .

v c r c &8 safe a n d free £rora in su lt as iu th e ir om r houses. T h e y a re , indeed , a tru ly honest, innoc^o^ and am iable people, aoil 1 fe lt couch m or« a t Lome aiDcmgyt them , e v e r Z c n i i l d among;st th e p ^ a *

sa n try o f F n g lan d . S eeing w ith w hat s lo g le n e a oi and tru e uatiooal fee ling th e y com batcd h i

th e honour and indepondcncc o f the ir na tive land, I could Qot help v iew ing th e deathH of all glalo b y the m ercen an es o f S an SebastJDn, a s so m aiiy murders, i i i s t i ^ t e d a n d v irtua lly p e rp e tra ted , b y L o rd l*al- m erston . I nm oiiluig^ to believe th a t h e plunged bi« co u n try iu to thl^ d isgracefu l ** n a v a l w ar£ire” in abso lu te iguorancc of th o in te lligence, xinity, power and perseverance whicL dlstiuguiuh th is peculiar people, o r h e xieror w ould have com toitt^d Itimselfio a n a ttem p t to force o u th e m th e yoke o f a nom in^

w hose personal w eaktiess tb e y d esp u e , and whose tavuge c lu l^ law m le ra th e y a b h o r: a people w ho know thoir s tre n g th a o d rlg lits so pcrfecdy, tb a t shey w ill n o t even concede to tb e ir ow u che- rialied a u d patrio tic the ^ t le o f K in g !

C H A PT E R XL

D t c i d e d l v b a d w eatiie r h av in g ren d e red th e c o n -

tinium cc o f th e fticg;e unpodsible, 1 lei); the heigh ts o f S t. D o m iu ^ o u th e *29th o f O ctober, anrf rode to D u n n ^ am idst a sto rm w hich ire q a e n tly obU> ged m y m ule to s to p le s t ^ e should be blown »way, ait w ell as to shake th e hail o u t o f h er ca « - D u rin g th e prev ious n Jgb t a n d a ll th a t d a y the Cfenoral was w isely occupied in rem oving b is ^ t iU lery , &c.j to Zam udio to u ndergo repairs . HU men too, n eed ed re s t, a o d w ere allow ed to ta k e i t , to the o o o v i e t i o D th a t as sooo an th e w eather cleared, ^1 would b e read y to reto iD w ith fresh v ig o u i and efficioBcy to tb e u e g e . T h e K in g had g iv e s tbe order “ B ilbao is to b e ta k e n !” T h e iactories w ere at work night ao d day, preparing ammunition and Supplies i so, although the tops o f a l l the mouotuos were covered with hail and the weather was io- t ^ e l y cold, ovory ooe wore the aspect o f activity

2 1 6 T U N P t t A L S A T Z A M U m O .

anH fleW nninafjon. D o n Carlo* re to m e d from K lu rn o tft D uraag;o on th o of O ctober to be n earer the scone o f action . D o n S ebastian arrived from Z am udio, ü e n e ra l V illa K eol from S u D o- m iü g o :— fi j f c n c r d l coufi d I w as held, aud a ll as acti­v ity a n d e n e ^ y . I t w as expected th a t b y the timo the w eallior cleared u p , the C o u n t C asa L g o i a

w ould b e ab le to le n d Lts valuablo a»<!«isuiüce a t th« s i e ^ . I l i s scieutific altain racnfe as a m ilitary w ere know n to b e o f th e fir^t c la s s ^^nd h is sjceew iu l a.'saults on P lencla, L e q u e tio and G u e ta ria the y ea r befo re , Lorf ehtaWislied Ms ftnae as “ th e man f o ra « ie g e ,” w all eyes w ere now tn rn ed on him. Frenh forces w ere O f d e r c d u p , w hile tw enty-tw o battaliona lay round th e tow n i o a doub le c o r ­

don, m iJn ta in in g th e blockade u n d e r D o n Cj>»wr .ind Sim on «le l a T o rre . F o u r a rtille ry officer* arriTod o n tb e SOth, to offer th e ir service« ( th re e of th e H o )a l G u ard o f M adrid , th e fourth from P rus­sia), an d w ere speedily em ployed. T h e funeral ob­sequies o fn rig iw lie r C uello and C ap ta in Rochefou- cau lt w ere perform ed in th e ehu rch o f th e Palace at ^ m u iÜ o on th e m orn ing o f tJke 2 9 th , before I re tu rn ed to D urongo . T h e bodies w ere c e i r i e d

from tho cam p aJoug tho r<«d w ith in i Ü l a r y honours,

and a tten d e d b y th e cum panies o f artilleros whom th e y had com m anded s o brave ly , as f a r as the ir duty would p e rm it T b e la tte r th e n re tu rn ed to tlioir

T H E 8 1 E Q E A 1 > J0 L 7 R S ¿£ Ü . 2 l 7

t&sk of removing; tbe last of tbe guru from tbe bat­teries, succeeded in saving every thing cxcept tbe a n d -b a g s . Tbe coDiiact of tho obsequies wan continued, under the superiutendeoc« uf Colonel Ldcy, Adjutsmt Geuerul of tbe artillery. Tlie remains of poor RocKefoiicault were deported and secured lo a uuffiu, of wbicb the key was tor'varded to hi9 father, the MarquU> in France.

Kaii, rain« acid very chilly weather still pre­vailed, and os it was found absolutely Impossible to do aiiytbiug effective ageüuht Bübua while it con­tinued, tbc troops were withdrawn, (on tbe 4tli Korcmber,) and eomfbrtably lodged in the vil- lagi>s arouod j^tlte wounded in Zamurlio and in the adjitcent cm ario i (or farm-houses), where tbey lact with every attentiou. The rrioc«> Don Sebastian, resided tbcre during tbe siege, and visited the hospital a s well os the camp every day; doiiij all LD bia power to relieve and cheer the sufferers. On his departure he presented every wounded private with a dollar, and every ofliccr with ten— sums which sound very small iu Knglisb enrs, but *hich cnuied very grateful sensations in BUcayan hearts, and were truly acceptable tn time of war, in viuter and in ao hospital. The losses and sufferings of tlie Christinos >vere truly deplorable, according to the accounts brought by tbose who escaped from the towu. It W03 s^d that 900 had been buried or

▼ou I . L

2 1 8 H O B B O B i O ? A BOM BARDM PNT.

carried to th e bospitals» iu c b d in g in th is amonoC n o t on ly artill^roe, n rbanus a n d regu la rs , b u t io- luibit&nCs wlio sufiered from the sbeilâ. T b e cxocu- tdon done b y th e la rg e m ortar we w ere u r e d , T«ry Aerious and ex tensive. I ts firo was k f p t up 80 w arm ly d u r in g tlic A rst d a y au d uig^bt, that th e arm s show ed sym ptom s o f g iv in g w ay ;— ibc dischdrgOB w ere, tbereforf^, q r a m a tte r o f precau­tion , n o t repea ted so conduuously« Sooid hm rible inci<Wnb> are said to have occurred d u riu g tb e boni' b a rd m e n t I «hall m ere ly m ention one. A fam ily of tw elve w ere sea ted a t d inner w ben n tbirtecn*ioch sh e ll b u rs t in th rough the rocif, cx]iloded, and left

no t one alive !A lthough tbe tow n was uuC ta k e a , 1 m ust do tbe

C arlist arm y th e ju s tice to Bay tlia t its efforts tended to raise its p e t^ n a l courage and capabiU* tic s considerably in m y estdmatluu. T h e artillerot w orked th e ir b reach ing ba tte ries in a very effecove sty le , considering th e bad pow der th e y used. O n the secood m orn ing (th e 26th)» Cuptsiin Hocbefou- cauU bad mude a practicable breach in ^ ’fa llona; and from th a t tim e till h e waa sho t b y ll)e tiraillctire of the convcn t o f S t. A ugustin , was occupied io wurks o f su jiererogatlon ;^ lism o u n C in ^ th s gu o s of the fort, k illlu g iC9 artilleros, w idenjug th e breach, and irtakiug a second a t L a P arru . I canno t epe«^ from experience of the excellence o f th e Spanish

S ty le of e u g io ^ r itig as displayed in the eoiistruo don o f the breaching bakCcricSf—tlkc parapets of wUcIi seemed d^ngerouuly low; bu t d ie mortar battery ou tbe Begooa side, o f which the French engineer officers (CaptAii) Villiers and I.icQtenant Count de Coetlegon) h;td the fortoation and repairs eoiomitted U> their pereonal carc, was so judiciously placcd and protected, that the officers of artillery siaciooed there declared they were as comfortable

if iu their beds. Rrigadier Cuello who com' n^auded, was the only person shot there» (having Unguardedly stepped beyond die bank to watch d^e effcct o f a shell ju s t ffred), although the Chrisdno aharpshooters who fiUed the adjoining church and atecple oidy a few perches o ^ fired lucessautly at ererybody that appeared. T h e re was still how- €T<?r, a wide interval betw een tho /acciogo gtylc of p ro jec tio n u n d th a t o f W im lw ich . C o n s id e r in g th a t

th e C a rlis ts k now li tt le o f night-firiug,~-nuthing o f S h rap u e l-sh e lU o r C o n g re v e ro c k e ts , a n d frum m otives o f economy em p lo y h a l f charge» o f tho wi>r«t g u n p o w d e r tn E u ro p e , i t is sn rp rls lu g how

m uch tbey accumpUsli. T hey a rc so habituated to Hud d ifficn itics in their p a th , t l ia t th e y w o rk aw ay

in the midfiC o f then^ a s i f th e y w e re inevitable ! I l was a m a tte r o f a s to id sh m e n t to m e th a t die d a n ­gerous p osition o f tb e c h u rc h o f B e g o n a w as n o t early taken a n d occupied b y th e C a rlis ts . T h e

L 2

walls w ere s tro n g , indeed , an d tbe d«)or was a t th^ ti>wi) Ride; b u t th e tb lrty -tw o pounder w ould b a re overcuiDe tb e form er, nnrl a p o t o f td r ^^ith some

b av e opened th e la tte r. Z um alacair^^m aiooked RCTcral vlw tlnate garrisons o u t o f such Ktrong holdth H o w o re r, th is position m ig h t have been stronger, au d tbe bom bardier« less a t tbeir eat^e, i f L o rd Jo h n H a y 's pU os had b een p u t into e:cecuCion w heu h e landed a t B ilbao w ith 500 m arines in J u n e 1835, a o d proposed to fortify i t ;— a n o fffr w hich tJie C hria tinos iu ih e ir visHom , re­fused to a ra i l tbeo iseU es of. I t was an o th er subject o f surpriiie tita t tb e assau lt was n o t m ode w ith all the djs]K3sable forccB ly in g arouiid tb e tow n, and in tbe day-tim e, o r a t le a s t a t day-broak, w beu all dang;er o f friends firing on each o th e r would h a re b een avoided. T h e Scotch h av e a very true Maying, dally proved b y S pan ish practice, viz.

N o th in g is easie r th a n lo m ake m istakes J” Some excellen t UluRtrations of tb e adage are afforded in a re p o r t addressed b y tb e C hii^ tino G eu cra l ArrM»^« ti> tb e Q u een ’s M u iis te r-a t-W ar, dated B ilbao the •J9th O ctober, 1806.

“ S eeing th e walla g iv in g w ay , and ju d g in g tl*at an aseauk eould h e easily made, the enem y a t ' t«m pied i t a t e leven o’clock a t u igb t, and attained ilje p a ra p e t; b u t, bav lng ch a in ed them w itb un­equalled in trep id ity , w e p rec ip ita ted them in to tbe

io66t, vvhf rc tb e y le f t ab o u t 200 m en e id ic r or wouuded.”

I n d ie f irs t p la c e , tb e a ssa u lt w as n o t m ade a t th e osteD sible b ro a c h w h e re “ tb e w alls w e re giv ing;

way,'* a n d w here tb e g a rr iso n d o n b tlc s ; e x p e c te d it , a t F o r t M a l lo n a ; b u t a t th e 6RiallcT fo r t ( l .u

I*arn i) to th e le ft, w h e re th e y w e re in so m e d e g re e tAken b y Burprwe (a^ t l ie D u k e o f W clU og tou to o k (be F re n c h a t B a d a jo z ) th ro u g h a o e m b ra su re , one

side o f w h ic h o o ly w as lu jn ro d b y th e b a tte rie s . N e x t, o n ly fo u r te e n O irlinbs w e re k il le d a n d lif ty -

f i r e w o u n d ed , a t th e a ssau lt. A ll tb e la t te r w e re c a rr ie d sa fe ly a w a y b y tb e i r co m rad cs soon a f t r r

tb e l^re h a d ceased , a u d n o n e le f t in tb e fo r t o r fM se b u t tb e dead, w b o m th e g a rr iso n co n ld c o u n t a t

le isu re , a n d w hose n u m b e rs th e ir G e n e ra l cau tiously re fra in s fro m giving* D u r in g th e w ho le ^ e g e , (w id ch la s te d th r e e d ay s a f le r th e asK ault,) th e e n d rc a m o u n t klUed» in c ln d io g j>easants a n d tboRc

w ho d ie d o f (h e ir w ou n d s, w as, us n e a r a s 1 could ascerlsiin , fo r ty , a n d th e w<iujided 2 0 0 , T h e w rite r

c o o tiu n e« :—“ T h is attaick, and those w hich followed deiring

th e w hole night» p reven ted (be reoonstruction of o u r ba tte ries w itb a p ro p er d eg re e o f solidity , so tb a t o n the m oirow n o t on ly w ere th e y utiable to fire, b u t tb e y w ere aga io destroyed."

Arraois m u st Lave b e e o dream ing tbe wbole L 3

n ig h t” o f fre sh a tta c k s . N o t a sh o t w as f ired w itiiin o r w ith o u t I h r toww from h a lf -p a s t e lev e n , w beu

th e sC orm ing |>arty waR repnU odf tiU d a y b re a k I w as on th e h ills a l l th e p rev io u s d a y a n d a ll n ig b t t i l l n c n x su n r ise aguiD , a u d d id n o t le av e th e h o ig b t O verlouking tb c tow n n n tj l th e assa ilan ts had

b ro u g h t u p th e la s t o f th e i r w ouoded , a n d th e w hole

C a rtia t ca rap (w ith th e c x o cp tio n o f seu tiD els) had s u n k to re p o se a f te r th e i r fa tignea . A U th e o th e r (fa lso ) a tta c k s w e re th o se p re c e d iu g th e rea l

a t te m p t to »ttorro a t half>pfi&t te n . A t half*past e le v e n , th e d in o f w ar w as e x c h a n g e d fo r th e m ost e x tra o rd in a ry s ilen ce ,— o b se rv ed o n th e p a r t o f th e l a t e assa ilan ts to e n a b le th e m to c a rry o i f th e ir

w ounded u n n o tic ed , a n d b y th e g a rr iso n to cotch th e firs t «onnd o f a s t lt l e s p e c tc d a ssa u lt o n Uje ^ e a t b reach o r e lsew here .

“ T h e n ig h t fo llo w in g ," c o n tin u e s tJie re p o n ,

th e euem y icacle b is dispositloos for a new assault, w hich we p rep a red ourselves to su su Jn ; b u t his Soldiers, d isheartened b y the e x jw ie o c c acquired the D i g l i t before, w ould n o t tnake t h e attem p t, anti a ll th e se v e rity o f th o ir officers could n o t compel them .”

T h is is a n u n q u a lif ied fiilsitv I T h e m c a , ^ h o

s e t fo r le ss r a l u c o n tlitiir lives th a n th e G en e ra l d id , w e re m o s t a u x io u s to m a k e a n e n try aij^all h a z a r d s — T h e fac t wo9> th a t s u c h h e a v y ra in s se t

b i, ftccom parie it b y s tro n g w io d a n d e x tre m e d a ik -

aess , th a t V illa Tictd w b e iy p o s tp o n e d th e a t te m p u T h e «oil a ro u n d B ilb ao a t th e e a s te rn s id e w here

th e C a r lis t force» la y , is d e d d e d ly clayey» and a f te r r a b , th e to i l ro q u ia te to c lim b th e s te e p rav b ie th a t l i r s h e u e a th th o p a n p e t o f F o r t M a liona

w ould h av e b e e n a t le a s t a s g « a t a s th a t o e c e w a ry to su cceed in c a tc h io g a eh aveo , so a p e d p ig ,— n o t ta k in g iu to acco u n t th e ad d itio n a l ite m s o f a mut»ket to <auTy a o d sh o ts to re c e iv e b o th b e fo re and behind» &s h a p p e n e d in th e p rev io u s a t ta c k o n a

m u ch c a lm e r a n d c le a re r n ig h t T h e n e x t se n te n c e in fo rm s us—

T h e n ig h t h a v in g o n th is a c c o u n t a n d th a t o f th e rsdn, p a ssed w ith o u t a n y hofltilitiea a g a in s t tb e w w u , w e s«ieceeded b y h a rd la b o u r in re -b u ild in g

th e o ld p a ra p c O a n d c o n s tru c tin g n e w o n e s ; » th a t th e d a y fo llow ing ( th e 2 B th ) a l l th e b a tte r ie s w ere a s so lid ly e s ta b lish e d a s b e fo re th e « e g e — firin g o n th o se o f th e e u e m y w ith so m u c h success

th a t h is w e re u le n e e d a t a l l p o in ts a t fou r o 'c lo ck

in th e a fte rn o o n .”T h is is ra th e r to o s tro n g ! F o r t M a llo n a was

n o t a u d co o ld n o t be re p id re d ; so th e b e s ieg ed

c o n te n te d th em se lv es w ith th ro w in g u p de fen ces lu th e b a c k g ro u n d ) o n w h ich th e y m o u n ted tw o field p ie c e s a n d blam ed aw ay a t th e Carlisti»’ b reach ­in g b a tte r ie s w ith a s p i r i t a n d p e rsev e rau co tru ly

1. 4

A dm irable, e o n s id e rá g th a t Ü ieir re g u la r a r t i l la o s

w ere e iib e r k il ie d o f w o u n d ed a o d thaC th e i r place w » a t th is p e rio d su p p lied by T oluuteore, H ow ­

e v e r, a il th e ir gallnn try would h av e a r a i le J li t t le if th e w e a th e r h a d h e ld a p and a llow ed th e lig h tly c lad C a r lis t b a tta lio o s to k e e p t i e hiUa. A gw o th e w rite r asserts—

“ A s i t en tered in to th e design o f tb o euem y to g4ut hift vengeance on the tow n, according to the p lans concocted b y such m en as the Bishop of L eon , E g u ia a o d tlie M arqu is do V aldespina, who had com e to w itness these horrors, &c.”

T Jie M arqu is d e V atdesp loa w as p resen t one day, accom pam ed b y h is son, and , as P re s id en t o f tho depu tation o f B iscay, i t m ig h t b e supposed tha t he had d v e ry sufficient m o tirc and a to lerable right to ta k e an ac tive p a r t in operations fo r b e s isp n g th e Oipitiil o f h is province, occupied b y au eoem y,UDiofluenced b y V am pire p red ilec tio n s ;__b u t theC o u ti t C a sa E g q ja , { fo rttiu a te ly fo r th e C hristino*) » a s con fin ed to h is h o u se in D u ra n g o w ith g o u t

Uie e n ti re s ieg e , o th e rw ise S e S o r A rra o s m ig h t h a r e n n sso d th e o p p o rtu n ity o f ro a k io g su ch a re ­

p o r t T h e A rc h b ish o p o f L c o o , w ho w as also a t D uRingi> a l l th e t im e , is p e rh a p s tJie least in c lin ed o f a n y ro an in S p a in to fiu d am ose- m e n i in a bom b ard ro eo t. T h e y m ig h t jo s t a s wcU

accuse D o n C a rlo s o f a ta s te fo r c ru e l ty , w bo w ouid

nol h u r t a fly I T h e A rchbiabop finds himst^lf draw n in to tb e vcirtcx u f a saagu iju try w m b y Lli a t ttc b m en t Co hU legttimaCo K in g , buc a ll h u hopes au d d eu res a re tu rn e d tow ards peace, charity and m ercy. In tb is yenomou»« c ir i l w ar every th ing is miscoDStrued a n d m iarepreaented. B o tb p ar­ries a rc m ak ing scrloos Diistnlces e r c ry d a y ; b u t the g rea test personal one w bich h&s y e t a ttracted CDy notice» is tb a t o f the* C hristino G en e ra l respcct* in g cho tem peram ent and tcndeneics o f tb c ommblc BUhvp o f L euu.

D u rin g tbU s iege no in te rru p tio n was a ttrm p ted from w itbouL E ^perteru was on tb e 25ch of O ctober aC H aro wich 10,000 m e n m arch ing towardis P ancurbo tn ct>-operat« in tb e moTementa a g ^ n s t Publu Sajiz in tb e A^turuia. O n tJie be w as a t Ona« on tb e *J7tb aC Villarcayo> ou tbe 2d tb a t ViUulazDr%; and iC n o t til l b e hea rd of the defea t of the CarlJst expedition u n d er tl;at G enera], th a t h e ru rn e d bi^ face Cowards Billwo. K ven chen h e did n o t ven tu re to approach the icene o f action n earer tb a n tb c vaJley o f M c im ; as ViJla R eal, tb e m ooiei)t lie had witbdmwri liis a rtille ry from (be m ountains o f S t D om ingo , ba^Cened Co L lodio and Z udope to m e e t lum , and by a series of excellen t p o r tio n s taken up in tbose wild m ountains, kepc b im m a rd iijig and counter- n ia rd iiiig io th e TicuiiCy of V alm aseda for a full

L 5

fo rtn igh t, w hilst K gu ia renew ed tbe siege w«L ardou r. I t was n o t til l d ie 2 0 th o f N ovem ber, tha t E sp arte ro h a r in g re e c ire d reliiforcom cnte o f OOOO troop*, was ab le to reach C osiro U rd ia les b y a forced m arch from ü u r i f z o , l«aTlng hi» artiU«ry beh in d . Reinforoom eiita u n d er C astañeda had iude«d OJTÍved b y sea from S an tander, a t P o rtu - g a le te d u rm g th e O c to b e r siege, co u sb d n g o f the ivro Sarr.Tgossa re a m e n tó (estim ated a t 2650 men, «pared from the Atuiturlas afte r th e re tre a t o f 1‘ablo

— b n t these w ere com jiletcly k ep t in cbeds b y D u n C asto r A n d e c b t ^ ; arid i t was n o t until V illa R e a l Lad w ithdraw n th a t th e y succeeded (ou th e m orn ing o f tLe 2nd N ovem ber), in RÜppSng in to B ilbao. W ith tb e ir asdscance tLe garrison u ex t day m ade stro tig so rties in Ib e directions of B egoña, L a B u y a a n d L a P e ñ a , d u rin g which they l>iirued e ig lit e ic e lle n l bouses in tLe form er b « u - t i f j l viU age. A sharp contest look p lace, b u t Ibey w ere even tua lly bea teu bock h y Sim oii d e U T o rre au d M anuel Saraza, w ith the loss o f from tw elve to fifteen k illed and , i t w as believed, o f a i i ly w seventy wounded- A v e ry youjig K nglisbm an (E n s ig n M e rry , nephew to D o n Francisco) wbi* on lv arriv ed from L o udon io S ep tem ber, was in tixe action ou I - a P ciia , tLe S rst o f h is fields, or ra th e r o f h is mount¿»Íus— an d was m uch adm ired by d ie A lavese for h is stcaditiess aod sagac ity . T h e

B A T T L K O F T H E T O O T n i 'I C K S . 2 Í 7

s)e«c was pestiferous, an d tke p o n d e r so la rge- g ra b e d , Ú M tiie touch-lioled o f hia com pany's miu»kets w ere coo tlaua lly bccom iiig cli^g;cd . T h e equipm ent ot th e C arllsts do«d n o t íu d ú d o n brush an d p icker, and nobody had a p in to 9\taxc. ForCuuately, you n g M e rry Jiad a H ttie parce l o f ludi&n Iftncewood tiM thpidt» iu hia pocket— and these b e diatribtttod au ion^ hi» m en, w ho jo y ­fully availed them selves of th e g if t (c lapp ing them in to th c ii m outljs as the ir banda w ere full,) by the aid o f which th e y b iased aw ay nn rem itting ly . O n such trifles often depend the fw e o f battles. N ex t day the euiferinfc» bloekndipg forcea, h a lf d ead with cold, w ere '•ithd raw n fru in th e iram cdiate vicinity o f th e town, o u t o f th o w ay o f sucli unprofiteble

skirm iahbit;.H is B rirauu ie M ajesty ’s brigs &irao>n and Ring>*

dovt w ere in th e riv er aa uaual d u rin g th e operaüoiis in O ctober, b u t d id n o t approach tb e tow n nearer than th e C onvent o f S u N icholas de l D esierto , whí'fí^, (w e enbaeqaently learned) C q )la in L a - pi<lge bad landed h is m arines aud em ployed them in com pleting itA fortifications, to w bicb h e con­tr ib u te d tw o th irty -tw o pounders, and four o f other calibres, from th e & ^acen. G en e ra l M i(;uel was n o t idle o u h is p a r t in B ilbao, b e in g day andn ig h t un rem ittiug ly o e c u p ie d in streng tlien ing thedefences; as h e k uew w ell enough tb a t d ie Carlists

•l G

liad ao t abandoooH th e siege, b iu w ould surely r e iu m w id i cbeir a rtille ry as soon as i t w as repaired , and tb e w eatber peroii(t«d. l a f u t tb e blockade was oo ly ra ised daring; tb re« d ^ y s for tb e CarlMts w ere in force aga iu upon th e heigh ts on tb e 9 tb of K oycoiber, b e teag u eriii|' tb e fo rt o f B a u d e ru de A rchaoda.

T h o g rea te s t chaui^es occurred io tb e weather duruig; tb c w eek o f repose a u d preparu tion . O u th e 2 u d N ovem ber, the clouds dcsccndcd to tbc vory ea rth a t D unu igo , aud fuliilled the ir mission o f a d u w so p cn c lra tin g ly th a t n c itb c r m an nor n ioun ta in could wjlbscand i t F o r m y ow n p art, 1 could n o t indncc tb e aeusation o f w arm th b y the aid o f a ll tbe clo tb iug I could p u t on , w ith ttia t o f a b razero for a foohtool m addltiou. Kveryl>ody eli>e looked q u ite oa m iserab le ; a n d 1 was alrao»t tem pted to ta k e m y sea t o a tlie b razero (D utch fashion), on ly i t w ould bave b eeo so scllish, an d so coutrdry to th e digiiiBed e tiq u e tte of S p ^ u . T b e •Srd was equal to on Engli^tb M uy*day io beftdty ftod m tld o e is ,'~ b u t tbe sudden change was rather en erv a^n g . I t w as th e e v e c f S an Carlus, and th e tow n was illum inated w ith caudleit plaocd in the open balcouieâ w ithout p ro tec tion ; b u t th e re was n o t the slighest b re e z e ;— th o flam e of eacb arose as hteadily as i f i t b u rn ed w itb iu the b es t patent chim ney glass. O n tb e 4 th tb c su n cam e out

“ T O K 0 B 8 B F O R B I L B A O .” 5 2 9

w ith a pow er wliicJi d ro re everybody in to ihe sh a d e ; and ou lUe 5 th i t conUnucd to shine w ith a il tJie intenRC h e a t a iid briUiancy o f w hat we should call a »eorching au tu m c, and I wa» g lad to w rite wJih my coat o f . T h e sod was s d l l dam p a a d th e roads w ft, b u t i f 8 u c i w eather coa tinued on ly a few days znucL m ig h t b e accom plished. H o w soon i l m igh t a lte r was e re ry b o d y 's opjtreheow on, ao th e y resolved to m ake th o m ost o f U { a n d s t tU cJ9u o f San C arlos (w hen th e K in g held the accustom cd lie td m anot a t th e Palaoe o f D u ra n g o ), h e g av e the in sp iring o rder to tokc hon»e for B ilbao.

C t t A P T E R X I I .

O n the m orn ing o f S atu rday tb e 6 lh o f K o?ftm ber, tbe K in g appa iiited C o u n t C (ua E g iiia ti> con<iuu( tb e fu rthe r progrcRs o f th e » ie g e ; 80, a lthough sUU ^ r irom w ell, th e oM G eo era l a t ouce le ft I1I0

couch, an d accompaQied b y L o rd R onclagh , C ount B ooe V aldcck a n d a se lect staff, took horse for G u eru ic a an d M m igu ia u b e re tb e g rea te r p a r t u f tb e a r t i l l e r y - t r ^ a was s till undcrgo ijig repairs. H is appearance a» O e a e r^ -m -C h ic f , i a p a n o d a d eg re e of hope a n d ac tiv ity to every department« T h e w ork w en t o n rap id ly u n d er hi* vigorous im ­p u lse , and on th e evt?ub)g of the 8 th h e am v ed above RUbao w itb tw o p ieces ( tw en ty -fo u r and e ig h t pounders,— h e w ould u o t w ait fo r m ore,) w hich b e p lan ted on M o n te A rchanda u t th e eoiirse o f tlie n ig h t, bearing on the signal fo rt o f Las B anderas w ithin h a lf m usket-Bhot. F ind ing that operations w ere recuauaeD cing w ith spirit, uot-

A T T A C K O W P U E K T X B A M U E R A S . 2 3 1

w ithstanding tiic w eather was s till unsettled , u id the rocui9 soaked,— I m ounted m y m ule , and a ^ n rode to tke cam p, ju s t h i tim e tu n itnesu Che G enera l’s first h riilian t snccci«.

A t diiyli|^ht, o n W ednesday ib o 9 th , b e opened Ills little b a tte ry ag a in st tb c fo ri, w hich Is situated in a m w t com raandiug position a b o re tlie river, ftverlookiog ev e ry p o in t betw een B ilbao a u d I ’or- tuga le te . I t had loQg been used as a s igna l station fo r vessels en te rin g a u d lenving tb c karbour, (as well a? for telegrapliiu coram uuiu itjons w itb S antander aod San-Scbo«<Cian) and was now ucdvely

ou owQ account a t daybreak , p robably cipecC ing succours from (be coast, (for B ill'ao bad n<iuc to »pare,) aud had g o t as ia r aa — “ T h ey have p lon ii'd tw o guns— ” w h e n E g u ia c u t tlie m a tte r abort b y a tw enty>four pound ball th rough tbft roof. T h e fo rt rep lied w ith its sing le g u n ; one m a a w as seen c«capiug, a n d was sho t tb ro itgh tbe h ead b y tb e w atchful guerillas wbo su riounded i t : five m ore cannon balls d c d d c d the business. L ieu t. D o n R icardo d e la lieo» w ho held i t » i tk th ir ty - one in fan try , four gunners, an d a!i e ig h t pouuder, m nde u p b is m ind th a t a defence w as hopeless ag a iu st such a m an as D g u ia ; so h e h u a g o u t a w hite pockct-handkcTcbief. T h is w as ra th e r to o sm all to b e seen th rough the sm oke, h o as t h e Carlist« continued to b k z c aw ay, th e C om m andant« very

w isely n m to hia bed , and tn k b g ; off a abe«t, re tu rn ed a n d shook i t over th e breastw ork till he a ttrac ted a tte s tjo n . A fte r a sh o rt p a rley , the g v r i - M n su rrendered a t dbcretloQ , m arched out, laid dow n th e ir arm s a n d iram ediately received p r o tectitwi o f tiie G en em l who, th e y w ell kuew , never abused b is pow er in tlie h o u r o f victory .

T h e C arllsU found in tb e fo rt a q u ao tity o f am- m uo idon , bUcuit« and rum . A m ongst d ie former w e r o l6,t)00 m uskct-cartridges and several boxes of tiiose abom iuable ^ l a s g lobe g reu ad es w bicb are ^ u ite as lM )Ie to explode, from tb e d ry in g and w&rping o f tiie fuse, before th e y leave d ie Itands of tb e g renadiers, as a fte r. T h e g iin , au eiglit-poua« d er , w as a b eau tifu l o ld piece o f D u tc h brooae,— d isdngu isbed b y rancb m ore e io b lazo u o en i tban e itlie r S paniards o r bloglU h th in k necessary. EgniA o rdered i t to b e in s tao tiy tu rn e d agaioiit the b en d of tb e riv e r, above D esic r to , w here tlie R ias N c rro iu and Saleedoo u id te . T iiis sufficed to m (^ e th e C hristu io gun-boata k e e p a t a respectable distAuee, from w hence th e y am nsed them selves, in com pany w itb fo rt D esierto , b y firin g a t tbeir lo s t friend L us B anderas, b u t w ithou t do ing the slig iitest dam age.

A s th e G en era l w as proceeding, a t half-past seven th a t m orn ing accom panicd b y th o 2 n d battalion of N a /a rre , to ta k e form al possession o f tb e furt, a

a y from th e b i lb o f ** L o t E i t m i f f o t f a ttrac ted hi» Ätwotion. L ook ing dow n to tb e lefi, b is qu ick eye caugh t the catwe of ihe new sensation. T b e C h m tio o garrison o f tíie C ^ u c b Ju o convent, w ho hnd taken ■larm a t the cessailon of tb e caanonaHo above, wer« in fo il Ú igbl across the p la in betw een the r iv e r and t i e hill, h o p iüg to cecape to P o rtu g a le te , w hile tbe G e n e ra l» ban<is w ere fu ll. H e instan tly shontod to big m eu , “ M uckacJuie! >2Í>ajo! corre f " and lb« whole batta lion rushed down she b ill like a to rren t, — tbe G en e ra l cheering them to th e cJiase. H is voice, w bicb i j rem arkably sonorous a n d commajid- in ^ , enable« h im ia ord ioary tim es to g e t th rough h is business w itli m uch few er A yudan tes th a n a m an of less impresMve physique w ould req u ire , b u t on the p resen t occa^on its pow ers w ere elevated to a sten torian p itch , a n d Hkc th e N ile in y ears o f g reat­e s t prom ise to the V alley o f E g y p t, ex tended “ from m o u n o iii to m oun ta in ." T h e C bristinos iiHitanily stopped, tu rn ed aud fled in different d irections, ¡>utsucd b y tb e Tictore, firing: aod fol­low ing tb e m u p indefatigably . H ad th e y in ib ^ first in stance Btoleii aw ay to B ilbao , th e y m igh t p robably bave th row n tbeniselvc« in to i t , b u t now it was im powible- O n e p a r ty took po6sesMOn of a Palacio be long ing to th e fk n ily o f M ooscforto in tb c v illage o f D cn sto , w hile o the rs dispersed th rough th e fieU s a n d along: th e road w bicb rujis

in ft d rc u it w ith th r r i r c r round M o o tc C a b r u aud L a s B a u d e n s to P o rtuga lc t« , Jioping to find boats to enab le them to cn iss a u d tbrow theuu^lves m to tlie fortified C hristino c o n rc n t o f S an to Mauie«, on ib e brow o f the opposite bank. I ts g v rb o u w ere w ell inc lined to a id tbeiQ la d ie a ttem p t, and weri* seen ru n n in g dow n to a n a in b er o f b<i«ls w btcb th e y had secured betw een SanU> M am es aud the oordn^e-factory o f A llia ad jo in ing . B y tb is time D o n C astor’s G ueriU as w ho occupied the helghta and bouses a ll along tlm t side o f th e riv e r, w ere alive to tb e chase a n d hastened to th e fe rry to iuterc«{)l tb e succour. G e tt in g u n d er cover o f tb e g a rd e n walls a n d hedges ad jacen t, tb e y kep t u p such a dangerous fire o n th e shoal o f boats ( i coun ted fo rty «seven m oured th e re ,) th a t the C hrisliuos w ere n o t ab le to effect a sing le U u n d i, and th e ir h u n te d com rades, ^ibaudoned to th e ir own resources, w ere obliged lo su rren d er a t dlscredoiu T b e p a rty wbo defended d ie Palaoio, co n sb tin g of fo u r officers and uxty*one m en , also capitulated a f te r a sh o rt resistiu^cc s in »bort C g u ia found h im self before breakfast in possession o f bo th g a r­risons consisting o f 2 ^ 8 m en , am ong whom w ere n in e oiEcers, (oue a su rgeon ,) and s tran g e to sayj a il c x c e p t one or tw o u iib u rt, tb o u g b so maiiy shots had been fired a t th e ruuaw ays.

T b e s ig b t from L ds B anderas was h ig h ly in te rest-

ing , and the b u n t duwQ tk$ b ill o d tlie vlew-lialloo losgnificent I I t «QS th ieugbouc h u o tin g radiCT tb u i varfiire, an d term inated w itb a s U ttle blood- she«^. A s a ll th e C liristinc« had th e p rudence to eu rrecder w hen clo6c p ressed in d ie hoiueK w bere th e y t»*ok refuge, tb o y w ore p e rm itted to reta in th e ii koups&cks aud clothin|s;, no tw itb s taud ing the w in try tem ptaU oos th a t assailed the Tictors (who bad a lready fe lt i ts sm art o u the beighta of S anto D om ingo a few days befo re), and in eoncJn* sien w ere safely m arcbed off to M u n g u ia -under eH(,<ort;— th e k ind old G e tie ra l g iv in g tb e o a few word« o f assurance and consolation, w b i ^ chceredoil tbe ir hearts considerably.

T h e C hrisdno d io se d u i no t, bow ever, e n d »£ harm lessly as i t b e g a n : th e C a rlis t troops, who had dispersed them selves th rough tb e houses in D uesto , iu eoarch o f the fugitives» o ften found instead of them , su n d ry C hristino -look in^ le a th e r lota$ o f excellen t wine» w hich th e y m ade prisoners on tb e ir own aceonnt, aud d raiik to the success o f D on C arlos so zealously» th a t th e ir inteUecCs w ere n<it afterw ards in tb e best s ta le fo r d iscrim inating be* tw een bis friends and enem ies; in short tJ:oy TOted the p o p u k tio u o f D en sto , Chrlsdno»— a n d ibeir eellars and la rders liab le to “ a forced loan»'’ as M endiznbel term s it, fo r ib e u»e o f the a rm y . I t appear« d ia t d ie deserters o f th e A lg erin e legion»

2 6 6 M I M t A R r “ F O R C E D L O A N S ."

th e N avarrcse, tlie A m ^ o n e s e and tb e C asdliaoi w ere chiefly engaged in tlie obasc, aiid feeling item se lvca q u ite fo re ig n ers in tb e new ly disco­vered la n d o f prom ise, w ere tb e p r in d p a l aolore iu the c o m m isw ia t w ork, w bich d id n o t cerUuuly proceed O D tb e c o - o p c r a d T © system , b u t every roan fo r h is ow n m outh . H ow ever, none except a few A rgeK nos, g o t acCoally in tox jcated , and n o personal v ioleoec waa offered to a n y one, ^ m e k itch en nicnslls, cloaks a n d b laukets , w ere also en lis ted and ordered oo active serv ice b y the vo lu n teer c<muaru>s, as sp c d e s o f aro iam eo t c f w hich indeed th© arm y stood in g re a t need . H ad th e B asque peasan t battalions, (i. c . Biscayans, A lavcse, o r, G oipuscoana,) on ly b een tlie re , 1 Qm coofideat ev e ry descrip tion of p rq * e rty w ould, as heretofore, h av e b een respected . T h e iiihfibitanti o f D eu sto , liad how ever, d o re0«0D W b e grateful fo r th e o iaoner iu w hich tb e y h a d b e e n treated du rin g tb e th re e yea»* v isitation o f tlie C bristinos: — tb e y ^ u r e d roe th a t the soldiers lived a t vlrDially free qnarte rs am ongst tliem , p e rp e tra tin g a t will ev e ry persoTuU v io lence, a n d th a t th e y could not have a freKb jo in t o r a l o a f in the house, w ithout ft claim b e in g m ade aud enforced b y d ie blllctted g e n try fo r lialf. R esides th e force io the convent o f L os C apucbinos above m endoned , th e re w ere tw o hund red m en quarte red in th e p l a i n f i f t y

C A B L J i T N O N - I N r E B r B N n O K . 2 8 7

tb e little fo ri o f O la rc a g a on tb e r iv e r bank , and ooe b im dred and 6 fty m ore m th e Louses o f th e inbabitantJ*. T h ese o u d y io g CToops b u iu t th e fo rt on th e u ighc o f V illa R ea l's arrival, and p ru d e n tlf th rew them selves in to Bilbao.

AmoQg;8t th e inciden ts of thin day’s w nrk, the follow iog deserves to b e p reserved as an i l lu s t iv tion o f th e straigh tforw ard s ty le iu w hich K guia acted, 'r h e cap ta in o f a D u tch ve^eel, w bo had cum e to ancho r io th e tiv e r over n igh t, was n o t a little astonished to find tb e C arlists !u posse«siou of quays, hills, s lgua l fo rt and all, n e x t m o rn ing ! F ee iio g him solf in ra th e r a atrauge position, he took hift sh ip 's flag, an d w alked u p tb e h ill w ith a few o f b is coiQpaay, to loam w h at the M oiuttain G en e ra l in ten d ed dou)g w itb b im a n d bis v esse l; — p ro testing th a t h e ou ly w a ite d to l^U h is w ater- cask«, an d b e o i l E g u la assu red him tlia t b e reli­g iously respected all n eu tra l flags, and i»bould n u t in* te rfe re io the sügihtcst w itb bis p rogress outw ards; hut th a t h e could n o t allow M m to b rin g a n y supplies to the tow n, o r a n y in te lligence from i t , sc p resen t; and tlia t i f h e en tered i t , h e m ust s tay tJicre during the siege. T h e S k ipper was r;iilier astonished a t receiv ing sncb rational aud considerate trea tm en t a t the hands o f o ue w ho was pain ted b y th e C hris- tiao lim ners as U ttle b e tte r th a n a dev il incar-

n a » , and o iakiog hi« b es t bow, hastened back, ju m p e d o n board and dropped down w ilh th e öde to P o rtu g s le te :“- n o l w aiting fo fill m any watep- ca&k^ b y th e w ay. T h o sam e «verting; a F reoch g u n -b o a t ly in g there , also se n t to claim tb e priH - l e ^ o f free paa3i^;r, n o t ou ly dow n b u t tho r ire r , to B ilbao ! T L ls K guia b lu n tly refused ;— assu ring th e officcr w ho b ro u g h t the m««sage, tha t hc was to o w ell aw are o f tb o fidct th a t F ra n ce did n o t trouble itse lf to m ain ta in even a show o f ueu- tfaJit) ' tow ards D o n Carlos, and tb a t i t had n o t the sligb tpst g round to cxpect iuch a coudesponsion a t

b is hands.T b e C hristino garrisone o f L a s Bftnderaa, Dcnirto

and L os C apachinos, w ere o f th e 4 tb ligh t in fan try o f V alencia- T b e convcn t is, o r ra th e r waa a fiac bu ild ing p lc a r tiit ly situ jilcd on a n em inence half w ay u p tb e h e ig h ts o f A rc h an d a j b u t th e C brifr tißO govornroeiit and g a rr lso r ha?e le ft i t llttie to boast of, e x c tp tin g fo iirteen te rrac e flight», jn d i- cloiißly b u ilt ag a in st the b ill wde, lead ing from tb e o o u /e o t tn th e villag;c o f D eiieto below . T b c garrisou had fortified tb e o u te r wall w itb loophole«, b u t find ing K g d a in possession o f F o r t B anderas above, T allan tly decainpeit w irbnut b ea t c f drum, ^ a n d fortunately fo r the C arlisO took w in g in the w rong direction- W ar is a gam e of b lunders, m

A T T A C K O N S A R T O U A U K S . 2 8 3

which h e w ho play* baHly, will aiw ays b ea t him who pU ya wor»e.

T b e arU llcry now cam o o p th e liilli h o u r aflor hou r from O u ^ ro ic a ; a ll Rct to rij^hb and rcaHy for active service. } ^ u ia im m ediate ly w heeled down a tw en ty -four pouuder to th e E sp iauaile o f Lo6 C apuchiD os a n d Ared a few sho ts across th e river a t S an to M dm es, to t r y the nerves o f its g a r r iso n ; b a t as th e y stood firm and re iu rued th e sohile> lie p rep a red over n ig h t fo r e n g a ^ n g th e m a t closer quarter«. T h e nc^c m oru iug {T hursday the 10th) a b a tte ry ortoed b y tw o G erm an eugiocera, C aptiuns B o th and S traus, w ith fourg^iinB, (tw enty- ibuff s is tee n and tw o e ig h t pniindere,) was opened o u th e <^uay opposite th is couvenr, one o f the strongest place« in th e im m ediate neighbourhood o f B ilb ao ; i t w as defended b y a garrison o f ab o u t 260 m en w ith fieldworks a n d a r ti lle ry w hich com ouinded th e passage of the riv e r. T h e y b ro u g h t au iroo tw enty-four |)0 uiider to b ea r ou tb e C a rlis t b a t te ry ; « tw en ty -four ponnd carronade, one brass e ig h t poundcrt one iron o f stune calibre, a th ree pound Seld piece a n d ao e ig h t inch m ortar w ere directed ag a in st th e hougcs and w alk th a t she lte red the C arlist iu fau try in th e su rro u n d in g fields; and an inccssant fire o f a r ti lle ry a a d miLskctry was kep t u p OD both sides from half* p as t seven til l half-past

tw o. A)l tbia tim e th e C a rlis t b a tte ry w » doing irreparab le d a m a ^ to the convene, ivLile its tire waa n o t im peded in a n y d egree b y tb a t o f tb e C brbunos, whose tw en ty -tou r p o u n d er waa a t le iigtli la id bare and ailericcd. A n im m eose b reach wa:^ also marie in t i e side w ail th a t overhangs tbe river, » b ic h dc- atroyed th e first a o d 9 « o n d floors, drove the C hristino aharpsliootcre iro m tb a t p a r t o f tb e coo- ▼eut, a n d A nally exposed tlie ir m agazine in the chorcb w lierc cheir ca rtridges hiy, lo the <lirect fire o f tb o b a tte ry th ro u g h a n arcb in the tran sep t that was Uius nncovered. T b e Citflisia osed n o g re ­nades th a t dfly, otherw iae the conven t w ould have b een ce rta in ly blow u up . A atrong sq«iare dork farm h o u ^ , tw u sto ries h igh , ab o o t 200 yards d is ta a tf ro m tbe convent, b a t conoected therew ith

b y a covert w ay, and hav ing its windows bu ilt up in to loopholes, waa also garrisoned b y th e Cbris- tin o i w bo k e p t u p a b risk fire a t a neighbouring w hite house, filled w ith D o u Castor'« guerillas of B isc a y ; these rep lied w ith eq«ml ardour, and » M o n tag u e a n d C apu le t com bat was m aintained for seven hours, til l a t len g th the C arlists tired o f this ineffective w arfare, rusbed acroaa tbe in tcrveoing paddock exposed to th e fire o f the dark bouse, and b u rs t th ro u g h th e o ew m asonry of th e w indows w ith shoulders, bands, a n d bayoncWr

killing: O M , wounding; tw o below, and ta k in g p r i­soners &«venteeo on U>o first floor w ho liad not tim e to escapc to tbe fo rt w itli tb e ir ra n te d comrades th rough thft Liail a lo u g th e co v ert w av. T h e latter m foon aa tL ey arriyed there» tu rn e d an e ig h tponnder ag a in st the Louse ^ d hcgan to ridd le it___fearlessly rep lied to b y th e m usketry of th e Bis- cayajis, w ho h a d tLussCruck tLe first clToctive blow,

,ADd as th e ir friends c ^ e in th ro u g h the open window» p rep a red t/> follow i t o p by an nsgaiilt on (Le fo rt itself.

T h e C bristino g u n n ers on tb e Land side w ere v e ry aotiyc*, h o t th e y could n o t d islodge the gue- filUs. T h e ir 2 4 pound carronade was, for tb e W l four bours o f the siege» b a tte rin g a tiled farm Louse to p iec< ^ T h e distanco was n o t cqoa l to the b readth o f K ussell S q u are , aud ev e ry sh o t threw up clonds o f re d or g re y du&t, y e t th e reejKtnsos of C a rlis t m uske try from doors and windows uever sbickened. A num ber n f sharpshooters w ere also d i s p e r ^ i n tb e iiouees o f th e q u a y o f D u esto on the eastern »ide o f the river, to d istract tb c a tten tio n of the garrison from tbe C a rlis t b a tte ry , while» a strong force o f the first battalioD o f C astile was sen t across in boats low er dow u tb e stream a t O laveag» to aid D o it Ca8for*a B iscayans io th e sam e endeavour l>y occupying th e banks o n th e w e s t U'biamano3U7ro

execu ted very steadily , the outposts o f th eV O L . I . 61

2 4 2 A D T A N C S t o T Î J E B B K A C H ,—

C hiistinos w ere a ll d riven in to a fiaherimw’« liouM below th e cODTeut, w hile a b reastw ork w hich th e y lia d o cc ap ied in d efend ing a « teep p a th u p tlie river b an k wan tak en , a n d u sed a i a guerilla redoubt ag a in st th e fo rt, ab o u t 160 y ards d is lan u T h e small field p iece a n d m o rta r o f tlie garrison w ere now d irec ted to dislodge these dangerous setüew » b u t n o t a sh o t o r shell had a n y e f fe « iu d isturbing them . A ddilional num ber« soon arriv ed a t th is spo t, an d th e G en e ra l w ho b eheld th e a tlac k from tite balcuny o f L o s C apuchiuos, r ig h t opi><»sitr, sent an A yondafltc w itb orders fo r th e rc-d istribu tion of th e ir force in advanoo, p repara to ry U> th e assault on the conveot. l l i c g reoadiera o f th e first o f C a s tik w ere d irec ted to d rive th e euem y from the b o iae ou th e strsiud u n d e r th e co n re u t, a iid also lo occupy a U ttle shelv ing patli w hich afforded the « ü y she lte red Udo o f approach to th e b reach . T h is com pany d ivided i ts e lf C ap liun D o n Jose O caiio w ith fonr o f h is officers and C oun t Hooa V aldeck, led oue p a r ty o f aix teeu u n d e r tbe sh e lte r o f the em baiikm ent w all and boats o n th e s tran d , tJirough m ud and mar«h u u d l th e y reached a n d took the bouse, d r iv b ig th e enem y before them . D ouble th a t n um ber followed a r d took u p the ir posts behuid th e w all a t the r iv e r side, from w hence tb e y b la ied away a t th e convent. A th ird p a rty of th ir ty m en kfd b y C *pU iu EspUla, L ie u te u a u t P o h to I*ai*»

aod s w n d C om ioandaut D o u S an tos P in tado , accvm paiiied b y L o rd RaDcIag)t and C ap ta in Pe* solo (A yudan t« o f B rig a d ie r Syly<«tro) nsccnd«d d irec tly CO th e b reach loade in the aide w all and rix'cr boBlion. H e re th e force o f th e g a rm o ii aw aited them , and tb e tu g o f w ar ensued.

C a p t Ki>piUa w » £ r« t oa th e pacb, w bicb, sto«p and narrow , oo ly allow ed tliem to arrive Ui sbig le file. A s lie en ;o red tlie foaec in to whiuh i t led , and tu rn e d to clim b ao etnbrasure h e w m sho t dead. A few soldiers w bo bad hasteoed u p afte r iiim also tb r e v tlietnselves iu to tbe fosse, upon w bich fo rtu n a te ly n o loop holes po iu ted , and ex ­changed shuts w ith tb e garrison over tb e parapet. T ^ rd K n n d a g h w as tb e first in tb e ac tua l b reaeb (a little to d ie lef^ o f the fusse) in to w bicb b e c l im b s r ig h t a bead over the sha tte red bastion , til l h e a tta in ed a s ta tion w here h e v a s seen b y all wbo w ere s till on tb e ir w ay to tb e assau lt; and tbcre cheering and w av ing h i i sw ord and cap lie b rought u p a score o r tw o CastiliaQs, a ll aiixious share tbe honor o f tak iiig th e fo rt w itb h i CabaJlero Incfhs. H o w ere r th e re was som e try lo g w ork sd ll U t b e done: the g an iao u reso lu te ly defeuded tb e ir pa* rap e t and som e sharp firin g took p lace a c r o e it. L ieu ten an t P aez , a Anc y o u n g m an, w as sho t down as h e attem ])tcd to e n te r over tb e parapet, a n d car> Tied uU witli a ball th rough the n eck au d auother

« y

• ¿ 4 4 T t t S C O N V E N T S T O H M E D .

in th e tb igb. H e d ied in ab o u t an b o u t afler. Tw o p rivates w ere also sliot i a tb e fos&o, and p c r h a ^ 2 0 w ounded. T il« toUÜ rc tu rzu a re '25 w ouuded o n tbw d a y ;— very few w ere b u r t clw w bere.

W M j t tb is h o t w o rk w na in p ro g r r ts , tb c o tb e r

parKv o f s ix te e u j^ e u a d le rs n n d c r C up tiiiii D o n J m c O iA u o sa llied o u t o f tb«; b o u se in (h e s irand

b e n c a tb f a n d a& cended to s to rm th e pust«;ni. T o e f ie c t tills, th o y b o d to w alk in f ro n t o f tb e loop­hole« o f t b e c o n v e n t a lo n g tb e to p o f tb o naxrow

w aii w b ic h fo rm a tb e p a ra p e t tow ards tb e p re - d p ic e . T h is f e a t th e y p e rfo rm ed , th o ir C a p ta in a t tb e i r b e a d , to g e tli i 'r w itb L ie u te n a n t D o n F r .

Z e n g o li ta B e u g o a , {wlio fe ll se r io u s ly w o u u d ed ) C o u u t V a ld c c k a o d tw o S u b fe n i ^ ^ s (D o n J . M- B u rca la a u d D o n S a n t i i^ o C h ic o ) . A vo lley

d ire c te d a g a iü i t tb e lo ck a n d hingr*8 u p e iied th e d<»or fo r tl ie m a n d also c le a re d tb e room w ith in ;—

w hen a f te r a few m o re «ho ts i n tb e passages, th e g a rr iso n fled b e fo re tb e m t i l l tb e y w e re sto{>ped by tbe « to rm iu g p a r ty w ho e n te r e d o v e r tb e foss«', led

b y A y u d a n tc P o * e to . T h e r e th e v an q u ish ed th re w d ow n tl ie ir a rm s ( r a th e r la te a c c o rd in g to th e e t i ­q u e t te o f S paiiidb w arfa re ) a n d tb e v ic to rs uja«le th e

ro o f o f tb e m a g a ^ iu e c liu rcb r iu jf w ith fo rD o n C a rlo s . H o re a sc e n e e n su e d w h ich i t w ould

b e d iffien lt to d eac fib e a s i t d ese rv es . E v e ry m an se iz e d b is p r iso n e r a n d p u lle d off h is knapsaek ,

co a t, v e s t , t r o u s e r s c a p a u J sIiocr in a T h e p o o r w re tcL es b e lie v in g th e y wCTe a b o u t to h f sacrificed , t r e a te d fu r “ L a F id a ," b u t th e C arlist« liad n o id e a o f in ju r in g th e m . T h e y w a n te d tb e i i

clotbtfs v o ry m u c h in d e e d , a n d to o k th e m a$ the fru itii o f h a rd e a rn e d v ic to ry n fte r f a i r co m b a t ;— thua th e y se ttle d th o s to rm iu g rtceo u n t to th e ir

p c r fe e t a a tb ia c u o n . T h e B a sq u e p eaw iu try a r e n o t a c ru e i p eo p le , h o w ev e r th e y m a y h av e b e e u d riv en

to r e ta lia te b y th e g ra tu ito u s b ru ta li tie s in f lic ted on th em . T h e o n ly i o s t u u c e in w h ich I h e a rd o f a n y th in g a p p ro a c h iu g i t i n th e p r e s e n t a f f a i r , w as

in t l ie ca i^ e o f a iv>ldier w ho s e t h is h e a r t o n th e

c lo a k o f th e C h ris tm o C o m m aiid au te a n d g ra sp e d i t v e ry u o c w e m o n io u s ly . T h e o ld officer re se u te d th e in s u lt v e ry u n w ise ly , h y d i s w b g h i s sw ord a n d

a ta iid iu g in h ia d e fen ce . T h e C a ilU t fo iled o t h is p r is e a u d d efied b e s id e , to o k to b is m u s k e t and b a y o n e t, a n d w ould d o u b tle ss h av e s la in h im , if

C o u n t V a ld e c k h a d n o t in te rp o se d sw ord in h an d , a n d e n d e d th e q u a r re l b y th ru s t in |f th e o ld g e n tle ­m a n a n d h is tw o L ie u te n a n ts in to th e c h u rc h , w here

h e p b c e d a g«»ard to e n su re th e sa fe ty o f th e ir co v e te d ap p u reL T h e s e p ea a a n t-so ld ie rs a r c v o ry

docile , a n d th e i r officers h a v e v e ry l i t t le tro u b le in m a n a g in g th e m e x c e p t in th e m o r a e D t o f v ic to ry :

e v e n th e u th e i r th o u g h ts a r c n o t o f v e n g ean ce , h u t th e y h av e a v e ry n a tu ra l d is lik e to th e ap p ea ran ce

>1 t)

ol* en em ies ( a o d A « / « en em ies) b e t te r cl<»tiied th i n

th(*iD selves«1 c r o a w l A e r i m w ith E ^ u i* a t l ia lf -p a s t tw o ,

o n h ia w ny to th«^ sc c n e o f ac tio n , a n d a& w e asccnried

tl\« iM ok a 6ucc«6£ior) o f M ngtiU r s ig b o p r i n t e d them selves— tb e ^ e to r io n s C asdH ans and B U cayans

s tn ffin ^ th e ip n e w C liiisc ino k n ap sack s , a a d g iv in g

th e m in to i h t c a re o f p e a sa n t w om en old a n d y o u n g ; th e fo rm e r d e c la im in g a n d p ro p b e sy iiig , th e U tte r tftu jfh ing fo r jo y . A U tte r on «rhich la y a w o u o d ed of­fic e r a p p ro a c h e d o s . H e rc c f^ n is e d a fr ie n d a m o n g s t

th e A y u d a n te s o f th e G enera l» a n d o n u t t e r in g h is n a m e , th e h it te r sp ru n g to h b s ide . T l io {H>or hifrido th re w h is a rm ro u n d h b n o c k a n d kiseeH h is che«ks

jn t r a n s p o r t th a t h e h a d liv e d to heholU h im . F.ffoia

w as d ie n e x t o b je c t o f h b a rd o u r . “ A h ! ray G e n e ra l , g iv e m e y o u r h a n d . I a m d y in g , b o t i t U fo r th e g o o d cause— a n d w e a re y ic to rio u s . R eco l­

le c t 1 w as o n e o f th e f irs t p a r ty t h a t e n te r e d 5— (tb e g re n a d ie rs o f th e f irs t o f C a s ti le ) a n d tb a t m y

n am « ia Z en g o ^ ita B eo ffoa .” T h e b e n e v o le n t old G e n e ra ] g a v e h im a l l th a t re m a in e d o f b is s in g le )iand , e h e e r in g 1d m in th e h o p e th a t h e sliou ld

\W a a a d e n te r B ilb a o w k lt h im ; a n d d id n o t leaTS b im til l h e saw a n A y iid a n te e n te r b is n a m e in tbe h o n o ra ry l i s t H e h a d a w o rd o f c o m fo rt and en eo u rag o m en t fo r e v e ry o n e , e v e n fo r th e p o o r p n -

sftners w bo w e re m arch ed o u t i a tb e i r a b ir tf , d ie ir

(to en h la c k w itk p o w d e r sm o k e , m á o y b k e d in g , a u d aU c ? id o o tly v e ry m u c li & t^gucH a n d aiix tous to h e a r xhevt A s ig h t o f th e . k îo d a n d jo l ly

ftico o f E g u ia d U sip a led tb e i r g loom . T h e r e waà

n o th o u g h t iu hift m in d o f v c o g e fu l re ta lu idoD fo r ChrisCÍDo e x e c u tio n s o n C ^ Ü s ts Gikeii b y a ssao lb T b e y e û d aoC hing iu r e p ly t o b is v o r d o f {tardón,

b u t th e i r e y e s d an ced w ith g ra te fu l j o y a n d th e y m areh ed o ff os c h e e rfu lly a s b e o tc n a n d w o u u d ed m e ii co u k i, u n d e r e sco rt to th e d é p ô t (it M u n g n la

w h e re o th e r c lo th es w e re p ro v id e d fo r th e m . H o w ­e v e r , th e d a y w as so w arm tL a t c lo th in g w as (Jm ost

a u in c u ra b ra o c e . F o r th e sak e o f d e c e n c y all w e re p e rm it te d to k e e p tb e i r sh iJ ts , a n d , v h o th e r

o u t o f c h a r i ty o r g c n e ro ù ty , m a u y w e re a lso a llow ed to r e t ^ a tb e i r h e a d a n d n e c k g e a r o f v artous sh ap es a n d v a lu e s . A few h a d s l ip p e rs o r san d a ls , b u t Q O t o u e a p o lr o f »hoes, ' l l i c s c w o re to o h ig h ly

a n d ju s t l y p r ic e d *in B isc a y to b e g iv e a o r ro l ia - q u ish o d i u tlio m id â t o f a w in try cam p a ig n . “ i t w o u ld be tre a so n to D o u C arlo« to Icc â C hrîscino

k e e p a p a ir t l ia t c o u ld >>e ta k e n from h im , '' sa id a y o u n g fe llo w a s b e lo o k e d d ow n w ith p le a s u re a t

hi« n e w pum ps? a n d rc jo lc e d íu th e w e ig h t o f a w ell

filled Is a b e lla knapsack* E v e n a C h r i ^ n o L ie u ­te n a n t , w h o se d raw ers b y som e m ira c lc ü û th fu lly a d h e re d to h im , m arch ed b a re fo o t w ith t h e r e s t ;— b e a r in g th e i r re v e rse o f fo r tu n e w itb a u a ir o f

M 4

2 4 b »«T C JP P B I) S O L b lE B S .

th o u g h tfu l stew Juiess a u d pau^DC c a p a b ility o f e n d u ra n c e — quiCc f r e e from e ith e r ap p reh en s io n o r

reckJcs&ness— w hich ra ised th e m e cn su lc rab iy in m y o stim atio ii. T h e y e r id e u tly lo o k e d u u d i6 a i& ii us

o n e o f th e o rd iim ry ^iabiUtie« o f c iv il w a r : th lr te e u h a d f ^ l e n , a n d th e su r r iv o rs se e ra e d to th in k “ '( w v

» e l l ’cw as n o w orse.’* T b e m a jo rity w e re v e ry y o u n g r e c r u i t^ ii l 'g ro w n b o y s who6o s tu ffed co tto n g o rg e ts dongU ng a b o u t tb c i r n e c k s lik e e x te n o r

craw «, in d ic a te d th e a t te n t io n p a id iu th e C b ri^ tiuo

ra n k s to tb e p re se rv a tio n o f a fuU fo ir f ro n t to th e foe . U o w e v e r th e C arU st sh a rp d io o le rs h a d fo r tb e la s t th r e e y e a rs b e e n m a k in g s a d i ex ten s iv e b re a c h e s in i t , (b a t tb e C a p ta in -G c n e ra U , a n d P o li­

tic a l O u e fa h av e b eeo i ^ n to iill u p tlkC g a p s w ith

th e raw m a te ria ls o f ffa t^b rea« ted b o y s a^id co tto n w add ing .

T b e u a m b e r o f p r iso n e rs m a d e io th e c o n v en t a n d houi^es a d jo im jtg am o u jited to 269^ on^ongst w h o m w ero th ir te e n officers o f th e M ilic ia d e l ’i 'o r t

o f o ld C a s ti le , fif te e n sa p p e rs a n d m iner« , a n d fifteen a rtiU ero « ; th e la t te r e x p re s se d a w u h to se rv e D o n

C arlo6 , a n d 1 b e liev e th e ir w i«he8 w ere g ra tified . H o w ev e r, a ll w ho w ere a b le to m a rc h w e re csco rted to M u n g u ia ( th e n e a re s t to w n in posstfssion o f tb e C a rlis ts , ^ o u t five m iJes o f f ) , w b k b th e y reach ed sh o r tly a f te r n ig iit-fa ll. A f r ie o d w ho w as pa5«ing

th ro u g h i t o n h ie w a y to th e cam p , a s th e pH*

s o t t e r s m a j c h e d l u h a l f n a k o e î ,— m a n y s l a i n e d w it h

h l o ü d , U ie s t r e e t s U c u p b y c a l a d l e s a n d w ù p s o f

s t r a w i n tH e L a n d s o f c i t i z e n s w k o c r o w d c d t o i L é i r

d o o r s , w i n d o w s a n d b a l c o n i e s t o b e b o l d t h e m ,

> > -4 le c U r e d t l â t h e n e v e r b e h e l d a n y t l u n ^ e q u a l

U> U f o r s & r t l i ü g u n c a r d i l y e f f e c t . P i t y w o n

s n e o e r d e d c u r i o s i i y ? a n d f e w o f t h e U r b a n o s o f

M u n g n i a a l l o w e d t h e t r a i n t o p a s s Ü jc l r d o o r s ,

w i t h o n t b r i u | p n j ; o u t a l o a f o r a p i t c h e r o f w i u e lo

c h e e r t h e d r o o p i n g c a p t iv e s «

T h r « e ^ e r e i y w o o n d e d w b o w e r e u n e q u a l t u t h e

m a r c h , w e r e t a k e n t o t h e C a » a d e S u n ^ n ( i b c

t e m p o r a r y » u r g i e a l h o s p i t a l f i t t e d u p o n t h e h e i g h t s

o f S a n t o D o m i n g i ^ a l l w h o r e q u i r e d i t i o l i t t e r s )

w b e r e t h e y r e c e i v e d e v e r y a t t e n t i o n .

1 s a w a C h r i s t i n o T - i e u t e n a n t t h u s b o m c u p t h e

m o u u l a i n t e r r a c e s o f i . o s C a p u c h i n o s l a i d o n a

c o m f o r t a b l e m a l t r c a s p r o v i d e d w i t h c l e a n s h e e t ? a n d

c o v e r l e t . A C a r l i s t H r i g a d i e r w h o b a d b e e n t o t h e

a t l a c k , w a s c o n v e r s i n g w i l h h i m a s I p a s s e d , k e e p i n g

u p l u s s p i r i t s a n d p r e d i c t i n g f r o m t h e ù v o u r a b b

s y m p t o m s i a b i s a s p e c t h i s s p e e d y r e c o v e r y . T h e

p o o r I - i e u t e n a û l ( e v i d e n t l y a g e n t l e m a n ) w a a

l a m e n t i n g t h e n e c e s s i t y u n d e r w h i c h t h e g & r r t s o n

h a d b e e n p l a c e d o f b o l d i n g d i e c o n v c n t t o c h e l a s t

a n d h u r t i n g s o l o a a v C a r l i s l e i w l i l l e , o n t h e o t h e r

I i a u d , t h e B r i g a d i e r w a s c o a s o U n g h i m w i i b t h e

a s s u r a n c e t h a l i h e y h a d b r a v e l y a c q u i t t e d t h e m í o l v e s

M Ù

ajjd tb a t eT erybody m u st resp ec t tk e m fo r t i e valiant defence th e y had m ade in discLarge o f their trusU S ueb was th e tone a n d fee ling w hicli I w m liappy to fiud prevailing in ^ e C arlisi eamp. H ow ever, tb e r r w ere n e t w an tin g one or tw o im ti- viduaU (w ho w ere n o t in th e fire lh a t day) to mako reu u irk i in th e crowd a n d g iv e advice in a v«ry d iffe ren t s p ir i t ; b u t th e forraer w ore prom ptly scouted as unw orthy of a soldier, aud the la tte r fell H uheeded on the ca r of tiie k in d lieart^d G e n e ra l: — tiie y w ere exceptions w hich established th e ru le, an ti 1 can n f c ly ^ p e a l tu tb e foct of th e ir general represfuon a n d rejeotlon an affording ib o b es t illus* tration o f th e im proved foeling w ith w hich the eotitest is conducted <hi th e p a r t o f th e C arlk ts . hJguia, w ho stud ied and fo u g h t u o d cr W elbngton , in th o P«!iijiBala, and who U a gen tlem an b y uature ua w ell »£ b y cducatiou,— was ev iden tly as b tt le in lo re w ith th e itr ip p in g att w ith th e s lau g h te rin g sys­tem ; b u t as tilin g s stood, he* wsw n e ith e r aeooont- ab lo for it, n o r for the deficiencies in th e ic ilit* ry chest w hich led to such unseem ly revi»t»is o f the p«nal cod« o f w ar. H e had ou ly b een a day and a hftlf in com inand before B ilbao , u p to tlie m om ent o f th is , h is th ird v ic tory (in tw o of w hich the prtsoiiers w ere preserved b y Inm in ta c t in the ir a p p w n tm en u ), and all h is energ ies w ere tasked to raise the sp irits o f tlie a rm y w hich had b een n o t a

licile d ep re u o d b y the ill success o f bo tb p rerious attempt»« fo r tb e r«ducdon o f th e tow a. is aw rict ciisdpU narian an d w ell convinccd of tL e io - evitable re»ulOs u f good o r bnd m a n a g e n e u t, especi­a lly in Unancial m atte rs; so instead o f h o ld ing o u t to b is a n n y tb e hope o f lioonso o r perm ission to p i l l a ^ i f th e y e itte red B ilbao , b e prom ised th e m (insteati o f tb e hn lres a n d th ird s o f p a y w hich tb e y ordinarily rec«Hved on account) tw o inon ths fu ll a u d reg u la r p a y from th e date o f en try . T k e a rm y know ing h im to b e a m an o f h b w ord, accepted tb e assaranc« w itb g ra titu d e , and se t to w ork in ea rn est to take th e towo.

T lie C arlist gnna w ere pom ted a g a in s t S ao to M am os io th is affair b y C om m andaute T ro ^ o , who adop ted the ordnance a rm o f the sc^rvice, and w ielded i t q u ite as effectually us i f h e b a d theorised througii W oolwich o r L*Ecol* yf^yieehnyjxu . Som e m en uudersiand a th iu g a t first sig;ht, an d succeed in a first aC tcm jit; T ro^ 'o in oue o f thom . A i E gu ia rode b y the b a tte ry to W&it th e prize, h e stopped w ith p leasu re to cong ra tu la te hJm on h is good :iim. I t WQS tru e tb a t tb e C hristino tw en ty -four pounder bad to fire down a t a disadvantagCf a n d th e bolls ofcen f le « w ide and b igb ,—ortc b reak u ig an a.sb-treo and g o in g tliro n g h th e cb u rcb -d o o r o f Deuwlo above. T h e chu rch o f S an to M am es w as laid com pletely open aud th e Coxlist balls foand free

M 6

2 5 2 R s c A r E o r a m a o a z i n k .

ingrese th ro u g h tbe open tran sep t Co the M agazloc in th e nftTc. T h e garrisoD w ere firing from the side lo ft o f tlie choir fo r hour* til l i t t flc*or and o u te r walls w er« dashed do w n ; and how Üie chnrch eacQpod b e in g b lo n n u p b y som e o f the « 'adding (»r c a r t r id g e -p ^ e r , o r sp a rk s s tru ck b y th e liaJlt, a s th e y sh ivered tb e f lia ty wall*,— w i^ m ore than a iiy 4»f th e captors coold ei^plain, a* w e walked over th e scattered pow der o n th e floor, a few mi- nu tes a f te r the place h a d changed ow ners. was n o a]ipeajaDce o f a m ine , a lthough tlie c ld C o o i ' m andanto seem ed ^ well inc lined to d ie gam e, o r a o y a tte m p t m ade b y th e garrison o f B ilbao tu send him succours o r favour h is re tre a t to the tow n, though on lv a m ile d is ta n t; on tb e con trary , tb e ITrbauos w ere very m o eh alarm ed on th e if own ac co u n t: fo r th e shouts o f D o n C astor’s hatcaliou when th e co n v cn t was storm ed, in uoison w ith tlia t o f a ll th e poasan try rrjo ic in g on th e hilis, created sucb a seii»at3ua id tbe tow n th a t i t nus bclicxxd au a ttack w as iu progress; th e to c a n of S an tiago sum m oned the garrison to tbe walli4,aod the rum our a p ilad o f a n im m ediate assau lt in full force. T h e cessation) Arst o f tb e caouoiiade, tbexi o f the fusillade a t S an to M arne*, p la in ly ind icated its fall; and whiJo th e v ictors w ere lau g h in g a t th e notiou o f th e j<)y bells in Rill>ao>— ask lu g eacb otiier w hat SdQÜQgo was sa y in g to S an to M am es,— so

g re a t was the trepiH aiion a n d confusion witbiiM th a t th e q u a rte r w here th e ajtsault w as ezpcctcH WHS deserted b y th e gArrison, a n d tho Corlists m ig h t h av e m arched in u n o p p o se d :— aC least so they w ere ijjforioed b y tw o deserters uo2 t m orning, who, D o t lik in g the aspec t o i affairs Chcr«f took the liberty of escaping; over-nighU

'I 'h e firs t o f C astile hav iug taken th e fo rt, con­tin u ed to o ccap y i t as a p o s t o f hononr, w hich as » g re a t p a r t was y e t en ltre , allbrded them comfort* ^ l e q u ir te r^ T h e y celebrat<^ri th e ir tniim pK th e re a t n ig h t, b y bonfires and bell>riugiiig; b u t aj4 tb e beUs tu SpaiiLsh churches a rc dism ounted w henever an enem y 19 seen m a k in g p reparadous to <4innoiU)de them ( ‘^always ’tls a ru le ,” ) excep t when th e y a re ab o u t to b e bom barded alio , and it is nccessary to g iv e noticc o f tlie fligh t o f the shells b y sounding th e boll,— th e y w ere obU ged to b e a iu te u t w ith rlu g u ig them in jiicc ioso sty le , tha t is, suspending them in cloisters and firiu g ball- < a irtr id ^ a t each in harm onic succeMdon. T h is feU'de-Jvie^ltU Is re a lly a v e ry s tr ik in g spechncn of th e n iiliia ry miLslc ]>rn{>er to these couveiitual w ars, and m igh t perhaps, b e found w orthy o f eut- U vadon i f th e accom panim ent o f the duuble-drum c:tplosiou could b e d b p cn so d witb> and all the shakcii, graces, echo«« a n d vibrations o f th e etylo rendered im ily appreciable.

2 ¿ 4 C A 6 £ 7 0 R A C O C R T O P I lO N O U B «

T lie re wuB, Ilowever, a p lead ing forwardbefore th e G en oral, o n th e p o in t o f honour and g lo ry invi>lved in tLe question o f yclto tirsC entertnl a n d ac tu a lly took tbe forL T h e B iscayana wbo b a d g a rrb o n e d th e w hite house in the field were c e r tu u ly th e first w bo m ade an aaaaulc« b y brcsk** in[ir in to th e dark one w hich was an outw ork o f tbe fo rt ( b e b g oonoe<?ted therew ith b v th e eovcrt- w ay) a n d took sevonteeQ p riso u ers ;— tb e y likewise claim ed to be amoogcc th e firs t w ho subseqnen tly crossed th e fosse and p ara p e t. T h e g reu a d ie n o f O ifCile on tKe o tiier h an d , iu ^b ted th a t they s lo n c cap tu red the c o n re u t ; and ev en these w ere d iv ided am ougst them selves on th e p o in t o f pri« o n ty . T l ie w ounded L ieuCenaot Zeng;olita Bongod led h is p a r ty th ro u g h fire w ate r a n d a u d , in the bod c f the n v e r , and e n te re d »word in h an d , loto tb e house o o th e strand,->>cnpture<l i b garrison , a n d th e n m o u n ted to tlie assau lt on th e poelcm , w here h e fell, w ounded. T h e re C aptain Jose O eano ( th e firs t in th e b reach a t the s to rm ing of P len e ia ) took the lead , b ro k e o p en th e door ax>d chased th e gnrrisoii tow ards th e b reach w here the ir rivals ( tb e g renad iers le d b y C ap ta iu lL»]>ílla) w ere k eep lu g u p a g a lb n t fire across the p a ra p e t a t the defenders in th a t q u arte r, a n d w ere acCnally g;ettÍJij{; in over It a t tlie m o io e n t H e re th e garrison, p laced betw een tw o fires, su rreodered . T h e pam pet

jUDGMZtrr rosTPONED. 253

p a r ty lu d s te d in th e ir tu rn , tb a t ckcy w ere th e firsc ae t \ i v p o s t o f lioQour, tb p b reach ,— first to take poRscasion o f fosso a n d pam pet, w hich th e y k ep t— and had ac tu a lly d riven th e g;arrÍ90D to ta k e shelter m tb e d o U tcrs , w hen th o ir r iv a k en te red b y tbo b ack door. “ V e ry tru e ,” say tlie storm cra of th e poste rn , “ b u t we passed a fos»c an d parapet ahio OD o u r w ay,— m ade a b rea ch fo r uuisclves, w ithout artUJer)',— passe<i th ro u g h th o ce a tra l court and silenced tho g arriso n b y o iir appoaj> arjceT’* T h e re w ere m an y n ice ties in tb e case, and i t WM im possible fo r th e G en e ra l to decide i t satísiactoríly to a l l ; so h e w ise ly postponed pro> oouncing judj^m eut u n til h e coui<l h a rn a o p p o rtu u ity o f roferriu;^ th e chiim s o f tb e throe s to rm in g parties, i a tbe shape o f a now case, to the d ed a io n o f th e U rbanos o f B ilbao. T h re e th ings o iJy w ere c e r ta in : tb a t the 1st o f C asd llo contÍuu<?d to bold tb e coDvent—>tbat the ir L ieu tonant-C ulonol D o n P e d ro N ig rion ie la w as prom oted tu th e rank o f M l C o lo n el; and th a t l i ^ a p resen ted L ord K an e lag h to th e In fa n te D o n ¿^bastían , as die first w ho en te red the breach , a n d a nioKt deserv ing candiilate fo r th e cross o f th e iDilimry o rd e r o f th e secoud class o f S an F erd luand .

n2 6 8 P O S I T I O N « B T U B B W T I 8 I I S l t l M .

C I I A P T E R X I I I .

W m i,£ these conqueetj w ere g o io g forw ard in the u p p er p a r t o f th e riv^ r, th e C arlisle w ere n o t idle tow ards th e sea s id e also. O ü d ie 8 th o f N o re n ^ ber» D o u C asto r A ndechaga en te red a n d occnpieH S an tm c e (a m ile w est o f Purtuj^idete) w id i 8(H) meti> b y w bicb b e ob ta ined a com plete com m and of the h a rbou r ou tside the b a r ^ ^ i o y vessels either eiiCeting; o r lead ing i t , beirig oblÍ8;ed to p a » under th e fire o f Im u u b k e lry . T lie b rig s B ingdoce and jS'oraMfi Jay as ueual safi-'ly a t nncborage opposite P o rtu g a ie te , w bii« th e Comet steam er rode w ithout, w uiliiig fo r a sufficieutly h ig h tid e to erosi th e bar. T h is sb e subsequen tly effected on th e L3th lu td i^ tu rb c d b y D o n C asto r, w ho was on ly in te n t on m a k in g w ar o n th e Spanlbb Irincadnras, and little ^ e s » e d w bat ac d v e and form idable allies tbo appa­re n tly passive B ritish vessels w onid p ro re e re the term ination o f th e atege. liow ever« tlie G eneralfs

orders w ere explicit? n o t to fire oo , o r p rovoke any buetilitics wich tb e B ritish flag.

T h e C arliat arm y wsw now in h igh spiriou T b e new s o f tbc retpogade m arcb to V alm aceda o f tlic expe<UtioD w bicb l*abio Sanz a n d Jo a q u la EUo had led in to th e A sturias, d id n o t dam p th e ir hopes in tlie I cost. O n tb e co n tra ry , th e y w ete lieard con- graCRlatiug each o tb rr on (be fee t o f so m ucb adiU- doual Bucc»jiir «»rriving to a id tbem in b rin g in g th e riegc lo a speedy te ruu tiadon . T h e w eatber, bow- everj a ^ i n l>e<aune very luifavouroblc fo r ac tlre opcm tiona. O n the 11 th a b d 12cL N ovem ber,heavy n J n fell b y d a y and n ig b t w ith li( tle tuterm ission. I n th e midbt of i t , B rig ad ier B cncoecbea coit- sCructed a floating • b rid g e a f poles a n d p b o k a across ih e r iv e r from D eu s to to S ao to M am cs, over w hich soldiers a n d hagage* passed u i( b ease. T h u s E g iu a txK>k fu ll poAseSdiou c f bo th sides u f tlie r iv e r, posh ing bJs advanced guards u p to tlic ga(cs o f th e cuuven t S t A ugus(in on tb c eas t, to ¿>aota C lara o f tb e C onception un the w est, and es(abllt>li* lo g h is hco^l-qu^rters in th e C hateau o n the qoay of O layeaga. H ere , o n tbe ev en in g « f T liu isd ay the lO tb , h e received a parlm K ntario from Bilbao^ cunvcying a oommunictrtion from M r. C larke th e re v d e n t B ritish C onsul, w bo had in te rested him* self ib tlie rec lam ation of a N o rth A m erican b rig I (be O ptiauvut C opiaio CoUinsj o f Balcimorc,)

2 6 8 1 > 0 N M . S A V 2 H l 'R D R R £ D .

laden w ith tobftcco» w h ich had beeo ca rñ éd in to the P o r t o f B e r in eo b y a rm ed C a r lis t ñsherm eo, th e veaeel h a v in g approached th e eoast d u r in g etreas o f weather.

1 jubscqneD tly saw t l i is vessel ly io |^ sa fe ly in dock there . 'F he C dp tn in fo u nd i t an eace lleat m arke t fo r h is tobacco, aod assured m e th a t the w in d cou ld n o t bdvc b lo w n h im am ong a k lu d e r o r honcBt<^r people . H is nea t U tt le ca b in was» I pe r­ce ived, a oom p lc tâ tertuUia fo r th e Señoras o f BcrmñOy aüd h e h iiD Sc lf o n especia l fa voun te . H e conside red th e ve n tu re ao e x ce lle n t one , and declared b ln in te n t io n o f ^ i n g a second as soon as poaaib le f w ha te ve r r is k b e m ig h t ruu .

E g u in n e x t day d ispa tchcd D o n M a r ia n o Sooz, A yu d an te o f G ene ra l Z s ra te g u i, to the ga te o f S t. A u g u s tin , where Ite was in s ta n t ly f ire d a t and m o r ta lly wounded b y tb e ga rri«0Uf ^ th o u g h bear** I n g a w h ite fla g aud a ttended b y a co rue t tu the usual fo rca i T h e fc ro c ioos assailants k q > t u p such a f ire fro m th e w a lls th a t the la tte r and a fr ie n d who w ituessed h is ^ t e a t a U t t ie d is tance dared n o t i^ p ro a c h to rem ove h is b ody ; t l ie y be lie ved h im dead and re tu rn e d to re p o rt th is execrab le v io la tio n o f tho laws o f w ^ . Sap? had rece ived tw o ba lls in tb e body , b u t s tU l l iv e d :— a t n ig h t b e rose w itb p a in fu l e ffo rt, and tu tte re d from tre e to tree th ro u g h th e Cam po V a le n tb o t i l l h e reached the

c iiR ix riiio A i'B o ciry : c A n iisT m f u c t . 259

ftdvaaced p o s t o f tb e : b u t a J l a id m s

unsT & iling; b e d ie d in th e m o rn in g . H i» p a p e n b a d b e e n lo s t w itli bit» b o y n a , b u t th e C a rlis ts fbuju l

th e m a g a in o n th e s p o t w h e re h e bo d fniW n. T h « a c t a p p e a re d b e o n e o f th e m o s t n e e d le ss reck* le s s a t r o c i ty ; a n d , a f te r th e g e u e ro u a p a rd o n ex*

te n d e d to th e g a rr iso n o f St> M an ia s b y d ie C arlis ts th e d n y b e fo re (a lth o u g h tb e y h a d e x p o se d th e m -

s o lre s to th e la s t s e v e r ity o f w a r b y r c f im o g to s u r re n d e r t i l l tb o p lace w as e n te r e d b y a ssau lt)— w o rd f a re 'w an tin g to co n v ey a jo » t ex p re ss io n o f

tb e n in g l c d in g ra ti tu d e , c n tc l ty a n d cow ard ice w b ic b co u ld p e rp e tra te i t . N o w o rd o f e s p la o a -

tioD o r ex c u se a r r iv e d , a n d th o o a t r t ^ se e m e d to fill th e m in d s o f a l l b u t E g u ia w ith tk e id e a d ia t th e C b rid tjn o s w o re in o o rr ig ih le savaget^ a n d m u s t b e d e a lt w itk a c c o rd in g ly . T h e p o lic y tb a t c c n ld

in s p ire c o n q u e r in g fo ee w ith reiieccion« l ik e these , p re p a ra to ry to th e i r a s s a u lt o n a d e v o te d tow n ,

a p p e a ro d to m e l i td e s h o r t o f th e m ad n ess o f despera tion^ a n d I lo o k e d r a th e r fe a r fu lly fo rw ard

Co th e sa v a g e re s u lt o f f u tu re e o n ^ c t s . H o w ev e r,

1 h a d e tjll g r e a t con fidence in th o nnCivc k in d n ess o f h e a r t o f tb e lU itq u e pea :san try (w b o in & c t com*

posod th e g r e a te r p a r t o f th e a rm y ) a s w e ll a s in

t l ie ir h a b itu a l re a d y o b ed icn c c to tL o ir ofhcer», a u d I trn s te d , (a n d w as n o t d ece iv ed ,) th a t in tb e h o u r o f v ic to ry th e y w o a ld p ro v e th e m se lv e s a s m c r n fu l

aa tb<»y were* b m v c . I t w as n o t , how evor, t i l l th e co n c lu s io n o f tb e s ie g e tb a t w e b e a rd tb e re a l s ta te o f th e case ; tb a t tb c w m n o t keow Q in tlie

c i ty ! a t le a s t d o C to tb e f r i e n d s u f D o n C a r lo s w ho b a p p e u e d to b e th e re du ring ; th e siog;e; a n d th a t i t

p ro b a b ly w as th e m e re o rerflow ing ; o f w an to o im ­p u ls iv e b a rb a r ity on t l ie p a r t o f som e ig n o ra n t s a T a g e s w bo w e re th e n u p o n g^uard.

O d tb e sam e d a y tlie G en era l m ade a re e o o ' noisnncc tow ards the convcn t o f th o M<r>^<irins de B urtenu f garrisoned a n d fortilied b y tlie Cbris^ tjoos, tw o m iles a n d i h a lf frora tb c to w n ; an d as th e ir o u te r w orks w ere oxtcnjnvo» o rdered ficld- v o rk s to b e th row n u p a o d d irec ted agd lost a la i^ e s tro n g bouae, w bicb form ed tb e b ead o f tb e ir pnsi* tio u iooking* tow ards B ilbao . M frcettario sounds bftdly to Ml E ng lish ear, so i t m ay b e necessary to s a y briefly , tb a t tb e W estio inste r leg ioo w ere n o t th e re ,— th a t i t be longed to the o rd e r o f M ercy , a n d CbaC tb is particulm* estab lishm ent w as origl- n a liy founded fo r tb e collection a n d m anag;ement o f funds fo r th e redem ption o f C hristian captives from the M oors. T h e conven t w a sp lendid huild- in g , situated o n the w estern h an k o f tb e R ia Sal- cedon over w b id i an en trance is eifocted from the B oya o f S aroza b y a su spensiou 'b rldge supported a t eacb end b y oroaioeo ial portals o f c u t stone on th e p l ib Diade f&niiHar to u s b y T e lfo rd id the

A TTACK O N L U CIIA N A B R ÍD 0 6 . Q 6 l

oonetroction o f tbas o f MenflL N ex t morning F ^ u ia began b y breaking up lila battery a t cLe river biJe o]>posile Santo M ames, w bere be personally inspected, urged, and ünally accompliihed amidst vivleoC rain, tbe eiubarkadon o f iiis heavy giins, (sixteen and tw euty-four poniident,) and proceeiJed with them to llie ferry-aide at Burseua, w bere tliey were landed and rem ounted. W hilst the oxeo were tugging tbem to the field work*, iho G eaeral ageiu erofwed tho river to the ta s^ áiid bringing wilb bim two eigbt-pound field pieces, p ocecded to take aod destroy the bridge-ftirt o f Lucbana, (three roiics from BUbae, seaward) nnd thus provent the arrival of reinforcements from P ortugalrte or D esierto by the river rood. U Lis bridge*fort was s tolerably strung work, consistiogof a trlplp «seríes of walls pierced witb loop-holes (and whieh «^ould have probably required some tim e lo h u te r down, if well defended,) which li*d been built over the three arches o f the bridge, and garrisoned b y forty Christino^ T h e road is a m ere causeway thrown across the B ia that flows up to Asun, and as tlie little fort occu* p icd it^ entire breadth (cutting otT all pasauge except through a side postern), tbe garrison m lgbt have held ou t as long as they had courage, supported as they were by tbe fortified convent of Si. Nicholas del D esierto, on a hill abo a t a m ile down ihe river, mo Qiidng two tblrty-tw o pounders which bore

o n th e spo t, besides seTeral g;an>boats « b ic h b y o l o n ^ ^ e . T o deal effectively w ith tb e U t t9 , E g u ia b»d orderoH a batCaUoa Co ta k e u p a con> mMidiisg positiou ou MoQt« C ab ras over f r m wbonce th o lr iirc w as so serious, tb a t {we af(erw ard l lea iu ed ) Commod<ire Mor&les, w ho tost s ix sa ilo n k illed a n d tw cnty*tw o w ounded, bouti abeered off w llii bU g tin boats. T b o G en e ra l, in person, rec ted h is tw o eigb t-poundefs, a u d b iased aw ay Rt th e b rid g e * fo r t X.a D ea lcrto rep lied w itb g re ­nades, one o f w bicb b u rs t wichio tw en ty paces of E g u la ’s Htaff, b u t did u o u usch lef to a o y oue . A t tb e th ird C arlla t sho t, rhe lit tle garrisoo scam pered sJong tb e causew ay, anri crossed a t safe d is a n c e in the gun-boata to D c e ie r io ; w hereupon K gui« took p o ^ess io o o f th e cauxeway, fo rt, b rid g e aud a l l : b roke dow n tb e o eu tre arch an d re tu rn e d to p u rsu e hix opera tions a t nurscua*

H e arriv ed before i t a t kalf-past one, an d sent A y u d an te T ese to as parUmeftiario w itb a Ceuiei olTcring hononruble te rm s Co th e garrison , assuring th e m o f personal sa fe ty , an d g u aran tee in g th a t th e ir clothes an d )cnapsacks should b e preserved to them . T h e y m ust bave b een v e ry weil aw are o f th e ir hopeless s&ite see in g D o n C asto r’s g iie r llk a o n ev e ry h ill around , a n d the old tim ­ber» o f tb e fortalioe o f tb e b rid g e o f L uchana b lazing as an assunm ce th a t n o succours could

12

arr iv e o n tb a t tilde | nevertheless, tb e ir Comzniui' dtnCo C optm n A ym eric po lite ly replied, (jeber& l K g u ia could D o t r c ^ c c t ihcn i i f tb e y sur-* ren d e red til l tb e y w ore fiurly com pelled : b u t tha t th e y w ould D O t fire J irs t." T h is p rom ised paci- i l c ^ y , b a t thcro was n o t a m om eu t to b e lo s t; for tb e ^ rr ie o D o f L d D esie rtu m ig h t approacb to a d r c u l t w estw ard b y R aracaldo, a n d tb e gmi*boats m ig h t com c u p tbe K ia w i t i i th e tide to support them , a n d m oor in fro n t o f th o cooven t under t ^ S Q upenuon-brid^ ., be tw een th e assail*an ts a n d th e assailed. T h e field '•w ork a lready th row n u p agaioat tbc forem ost hous« w as u se less:

tb e garrison hav ing re tire d wiihiD th e loop- ho led fo rt o f th e sospcngiou - b rid g e w bicb was prot^cUid in fro n t b y a treD ch a n d d raw bridge;— so tb e G en e ra l inAtautly w heeled a tw enty>four {»under oue th ird n e a re r to th e conven t and b ro u g h t i t to b ea r oo a w indow in th e u p p er floor o u t o f w hich p eep ed a four pourul sb ip g u n . H o n e x t p lan ted ano ther, a b eau tifa l b ronze eigh t p o u n d er cast a t S eville , a n d inscribed “ V enue,’' ( ta k e n on tho lO tb a t S anto M om es) ag a in st tbe lit tle £brt w itb iU d raw bridge g a te , a u d b e in g in earnest, b lazed aw ay a t ouce^ w alk in g Ic isn ie ly from one g u n to tbe o ther in fu ll view o f th e enem y all tbe w hiie, e sp eo a lly in th o tw en ty -fo u r pound b a tte ry ( if th e m iddle o f the rood w bero i t stood

a$ nakcii aa th e day H waa fouuded, do sc rred the n am e) until b ia staff s u c c e e d ^ in convincing him th a t all th e good h c could do b y look ing on, would n o t com pensale D o n Cftrlo9 for In s loss At thÌ» crisis. A similap PonTincing arj'iiiriM it was ad­dressed to m e w ith the substitu tio n o f the word«, “ M o rn in g P o st” fo r “ D o n Carlos,” and I m ust d o m yse lf tb e ju s tic e to say th a t T com prehended i ts force TnucU q tnclccr th a n th e G en e ra l «liti,— took m yse lf a n d m y post behind a! w all m ueh more H ctirely,— a n d thencc took a im in csontiimation th rong ii toy telescope w ith fi m uch s tead ier con- sc o n ce th a n before.

V'enns, the 8 -pound ficld-pieoc, s'>on dfished in th e g« te w bich defeiided tL e beau tifu l suspeusion btidge» w liereupon th e CaxUsCs m sh ed acrofii i t and took poeseesinn o f tbe houacs ad jo in ing th e con­v en t, w itb in its line of fortifications. A ll th e otber houses in th e fields adjtiiniiig w ere speedily entered a n d taken b y tiie assailants, d esp ite o f ano ther four p o u u d er in th e chu rcb s teep le and th o brisk fire o f 144 in fan try w ho w ith s ix artilleros and four officers coustitu ted th e garrison. T h e am ount of d ie Corliat loss wf»s on ly one artillero , w bose leg was broken b y a four pound sh o t from th e piece in th e u p p er floor. Soon afte r, the C arlists rap id ly c ro f« d tbe su>ipension b rid g e in forcc, exposed to a sm art fire (which how ever did n o t b i t a single

F O R H R A I tA N C E O F T H I C A R L IS T » .. 2 6 5

m ail] au d aa tb e y gaC hrrcd in tLe court y a rd and adjuiuing bousos, p rep a rin g U> b u rs t opeo th o b o e r doon^ cho C briatiiio CommaDdaTit^ L uiig o u t a w hite flag, a u d appeared a t tLe fro u t balcony Ut accede to th e G en era l’s term s. 11c handed tb«; cap ita l&tioo (previoiudy se n t b y E)guia »Dd now s i ^ e d b y hiiD»elf,) to C o p t^ u V ia l, a n A yndanie o f G en e ra l Giubel&Ide, ju»<t arrived io tb « cump from G iiipuscoa, an d to T.ord R a u e l ^ h w bo had oarly croaaed the b rid g e w l t i h im — C ap tai o V ial re tu rn ed w ith i t to iL e G en era l, w bo aga lu guaran ­te ed d ie t«rms> aotwldist¿irding; tb e resistance, aiid tb e ^arriAon w ere allow ed to m areh o u t w ldi tb e houourá o f war.

I n the conven t w ere fouud 1 3 ,0 0 0 m uaket car­trid g es, besides aiom uoition fo r tb e ir two ateepJe and window guus,— excellen t FreDch castings. T h e Cbrintlno« had one officer a n d th ree m eu w ounded. T L e C arlista bebavcd cx tre tn e ly w ell; f i J l o f Indignation as tliey w ere a t th e ,m urdei o f D o n M ariano 8 au z , bav lng surrounded th e ^ r - rw ou o u ev e ry side— c u t off a ll posalbility o f re lie f from d ie seaw ard— iakeo the fo rt a t tb e »suspension hrid^p? b y assault— en te red across i t tLrougL tbe fire o f m uske try— taken co u rt yards— outhouses— Outworks— and b e in g w ith in ñ v c m in u tes o f storm ­in g th e body o f the couvent, a n d tb e 1¿*0 bodies o f the g;arrl9on, k u a p w ^ s and a ll— y e t tLey u istao tly

V O L . I . N

respecieH th e flag of truce» ccascd firing, fell h ack from th e op«o door» and even tua lly allowed th e re a lly ex ce llen t a n d tem p tin g coals, tfowsor* an d sliocs to m arch off nncliallenged» m e rf ly jo k iu g w ith each o ü ie r ab o u t the los«.

T h e re w ere som e o th e r po in ts in tl ia t im portan t day 's w ork w hich ap p eared to be w orthy o f com - BM ntary, aud w hich suJRccd to convince m e th»t th e garrison w ere m ore th a n half-w ay C o rlis ti alreafiy . o r u o t a t aU unw illing to avail themselTe* o f a n honoum hle opportunicy o f re tir in g from the ac tive service of th« Q u ee n , and o f jo in in g th « r passive com rades o f Tæb lîa n d e ra s a n d L o s C apn- chinos, m ade prisoners th ree days brfo ro , a n d sen t o ff w ith fu ll knapfflcks“ in tJio haüdw ioest m annfir” to w in ter a t M u n g u ia , T.oscano, aud A to n n . 1 wjfl n o t Sfiy th a t tiic C hristiuo gu n n ers d iil n o t w an t to h i t us» fo r a C a rlis t a rtillcro ’s le g waa b rokeu soon afte r th e tw en ty -four pounder b a tte ry was opened in tlie m iddle o f th e road, and th e O c o e ja l an d his S ta ff fe lt tlie ir haw a n d Cfjps tw is t o n the ir Ireada before the garrison gAve in ; y e t 1 am su re thoy did n o t p u t tlkcir h ea rts in th e ir arm« as the C a r l« » d id , fo r on c ;iam iu ing the tw o brass four*pouud »hip g o n s afte r th e place surrendered» I found th e y had allow ed th e d m in g slide« a t th e b reech (m arked P err ifr F ibres à P a r i f ) , to g e t o n t o f rc|Riir and shake as freely as old tlium b latehes^ though no th ing

could b e IT ore easy a n d nseful to th e gD iinet than to do®« th e m b y t i e blow o f a haratoer. TTic carriage o f tL a t t»iie w hich had rep lied to Uie tw en ty -fo u r fxm ndcr had shaken i tw lf to pteceg as i f i l haii n o t b een fired sinoo its d ry r o t 8ot in ; tlie o th e r was no p laced io th e cb u rd i s trc p lc Ibat it cou ld u o t possib ly b e b rough t to rep ly to e ith e r of th e C a rlis t pieces* a u d hud on ly the o p p tv ta n ity of firing oue sh o t A t an {xdjoiniug hou>^ w hick som e of D o b C antor's O u erilla s e n te rin g , n s th e v poured do^ 'n from tlie hilU to tbe asbaulL Ag;ain, the defences throw n u p a t tlie ou ter end o f th e iirid^e w ere v e ry s lig h t, a t th e in n e r e n d u<me a n d oe soon VeniLs bad Tirade a breach in the fimt, the lit tle p a rt) ' w ho had held it, re tire d across th e bridge to tlie convent, abojidonin^ «srery honse w ithin th e ir lin e and (as soon a& tli i i ty o r fo rty m en bad dfished a c r o s s a f te r them ) h an g in g o u t th e w hite flag ! T b e y m igh t, c ? c n i f re trea tin g s tep by step in tb e ir ow n works, have held o u t til l dusk , and th e n perhaps escaped w ith tn f lio g loss to L a D eaierto across th e bills. StHl b e t te r m ig h t they bav«? effected i t o^or the b rid g e o f L u cb a n a the p e v io u s n igh t, w hen tbc first b a tte r) ' wo(i raised. In short th e en tire o f the five separate C hristina garrisons tb a t E g u ia had b een b reak itig u p «>n the 9 th , lO th , a n d l ‘J tb o f NoTem bor, proved them* ©elren to bo e ith e r g re a t cowards, a n d b ung lers,—

V 2

2 6 8 E l i T J l A T E R S t ' 8 K r A N S .

c r q iiilc t i e con im ry , an d v e ry clever C arlistJ in disguU e ! E T en t i e garrison o f S u ito Manie» wliich h e l d o u t 8 0 long i d ao b ravely I D c o m p a n R o o ,

ou g h t to have kuow n th a t t}ic place wa:» uQten&ble a g ^ n s t a rtille ry , a n d th a t a g ren ad e fired m through the charch wiudow am ong;« tlie ir aouQ uuition o» the flvor would have se ttled the affnir tb e v e ry first shot. T h e y had 2 0 ho u rs uo lice o f t b r a tc ic k \ - th e ba tte ries o n the esplanade o f \ . w Capucbtiius an d thc quay of D eu sto h a r iu g b een construc ting w itldu tb e ir yiow so long , before th e la tte r » as opened f o r tb e ir dem oliiion. A few tria l shots fro ia tho form er th e d a y before, bad proved tba t th e re was n o tb iog caim on-p roof ab o u t S auto M aoies, and tb e y o u g h t K> ha«’c a k e u th e b in t and have th row n tbeinsclvoe io to B ilbao , (f>nly a m ile off) w b«re tlkey w ere wauCed 5 a n d w here tliey m igh t ha70 s iv e d so ioe tb ing m ore tbau tb e ir sh irts o u t of

th e fire.A m u c h m o r e p i t i a b l e M « u e m i g h t h h v e o c c u r r e d

o n t h a t o c c d s l u a i f t l i e C a r l i s t p a r k m s n i a r i o K i d

b e e n s h o t a t t h e g a t « u f B i l b a o t h a t d a y iu t^ to a d o f

t h e n e x t , b u t K g u i a k i u d l y a n d p r u d e n t l y r e m o v e d

t h e p r i H o u e r s f rO (n S a n t o M a m e s a t o n c e . K u m » u

c o u l d t l i r e a t e o m o r e l o u d l y a n d l u b U l y t i l l h e g o t

t h i n g s d o n e t o h i s l i k i n g a J i d d o n e o u t b e i u s t a o t

t o o ; b u t h e t h e r e b y s a v e d t h e D e c e s s k y o f s e n d i n g

r u u u d a P r o v o s t M a r s b i l , a n d s i s a s s i s t a o b ^ 8 s

K ^ tis obliged to do, Co flog; thedefiiulcers. N o m an in the arm y w orked hard e r or CO b e t t e r purpose tb a u the G e n e r a i s e e i n g ; , o v e r -

seeiug ev e ry tiling; Mid o?e ry body , g^viog; h is owe ordorR and esp lanatioui^ a n d g e ttiiig tb a t done effectively u i au Lour» w bich w ould p robab ly o tber- v is c ic q u irc ad<iy}— &nd bave to b e done over again perLa]w to rem edy 6omo i a t a l m istake. O n tlie 12 th h e took n u r» en a and L u cb a iis (tb e couvent, bodk bridg;o9, a n d tb e ir f<irta) o n th e s& ongth of a c u p o f cbocolatc and a b i t o f to ast a t itm ns« . HreakfWtl, diouer» supper, ev e ry th iu g w as postponed fo r w ork and ho tlirovc accordingty . H e was obeyed w itb a surprising alacrity in a ll th ings, for e r e ry one conflded in his g;ood g^neraULip, and w ere read y to com pass a n y k ind o f p o^ ib iU ty i f h e sa id i t muse bo done. I l i s arrival hdd occasioned “ G re a t jo y un to tli« cam p,” a u d 1 d a ily saw or beard o f som eth ing k in d o r sag;acioa3 1q b li p ro- ceedijigs «L icb g;ratltled and e n c o iir a ^ ^ th e arm y. A t th e su rren d er o f B iu sen a h e was to ld th a t two K ugitubm en w ere am ongst the garrison , “ W hat raa ite rs i t ? ’ rep lied be, “ ibe C onvention is large enough to b o ld e v e ry o n e ." 0 t h era m ig h t b e found wlio w ould rea d tb a t C onven^on ia r m ore narrow ly. T h a t garrison appeared to b e in som e app rehen ­sion w hite th e ir ta rdy aseen t Co tfie G eoeraPs term s w as forwarded to h itn fo r approval. T h ey

N a

had iiK d o n d ie Carii»l9 fo r tb ree-quo rtera o f au to u r , Hud H rum our h a d rcaohed thorn tb a t the g am so n o f S anto M am es liad b eeu p u t to d ea th I A u earlies t conversation took p lace betw een G a p t : ^ V iaJ, w ho re tu rn e d w ith the GeneraVs rep ly , w d tb e C hristiuo C oioniaudaute. 1 Lad j u s t eu te red b y p e ro ia s io n to s ro tb e garrison w hile y o t under arm8> a n d arrived in tLe m idel ol* a buutie occasioned b y th e C arlist officers th rasb icg out^^ome A rgelliios w ho bod sto len i s to h e lp thcmneWc« i f possible. S u d d en ly d ie dtseusstoa e o d e d ; (be d u u t i u o Com> u iaudau te e s d a im e d to h is m tc in a luud and L urried tone , **A rm en JJayon fta /" ( F ix bayone ts!) th e v d id m . W Lat n e :it ? though t I , n o t exactly knowiug^ w hetber the b a ttle w as qu iio coded , o r al>out to b eg iu aga iu w ithou t a o y resp ec t to m y p rc icn co . f^av>'Moa rftf A r m a t! " (P ike a rm s!) oontuiued h e . T b e y did so, a u d m arched o u t u n d er th e p ro loction o f a guard . 1( was a ll r ig h t— the G en e ra l was satisfied— tke g v r ia o n safe,— aud D o a C arloa p roclium rd ib Bursen^w

T b c repea t oS (be raassai^re o f th e garrison S ao to M arne«, 1 afcer^ards fouod had also gained credence in B ilbao, frvm wh«!ice the prisoners coidd be eeen m a rd d n i; off in tb e ir sh irts. T h e y also heard a few m om ents a fte rw ard^ ir re g u W dischargees o f som e scores o f aiuaket s L o ts ! E g u b , w ho was c e iu rn iiig w ith h is stafT to tb e ir q u a rte rs a t

Cbat m ooieo t, raClior sta rtled , au d dkpatc licd a n A yudau te to h id t i e A rtille ros p rese rve aud siaod f to t to tb e ir b a tte ry o o t i e q a a y , »uppo«ing th a t e itb c r tristcaJura* o r steam boats m ig h t bo cofziiiig u p tlite r i r e r tu ta k e slm rc in t i e f r a y ; b u t an officer r id in g u p tb o n e x t m lu u te , b ro u g h t word th a t i t wajs on ly tb e victorious first o f Ca^^tile firing &Jfu df jo ie b y w ay o f lu iload iag th e ir g u n ? ! P ^ u ia prca<»nli’d a n e ic e lle n t E n g lish rifle aod bayoncl- sw ord found aroong»^t the arm s le ft b y the prisoneri>, to L o rd K anelagH , wb<j, a t one period o f th e con­test, was in considerable d an g e r. T h e C arlist g u n n ers wlio b y the a id o f V en u s had kn^xJced in tb e lit tle d raw bridge and fo rt th a t defended the suspension b rid g e , w ere s till f irin g aw ay through a hole iu a liouso th a t served tliem m an extern* pore em brasure, (n o t hav ing seen the sm all flag o f tru cc tb a t w h s h u n g o u t as suoo as th e ir cuotrades b a d erosscd tbe b ridge a n d tal?cn posseasion o f the outw orks) w ben b is L ordsb ip clam berod u p on the scafiblding o f tb e conTont, r ig h t in the lin e o f the ir fire a n d k e p t w av ing b is cap as a s ignal o f cessation. T b e giio fo rtu n a te ly d id euase, a n d n o t a single C arlist was lu ir t ex cep t th e a rtille ro o t the naked »^4_ponndcr. I n ev e r k new so m uch doue w ith 80 litd e loss, us was effected th a t w eek. T h e 8Ulrica! hospital ouH t. D ora ingo { L a hadon ly tw eu ty -e ig h t eases a lto g e th er o f Carlisti* and

N 4

* J 7 2 C A S E S I S J .A S A N G R E .

ChrUcm M eo t« rcd o n ita books a t th e cooclu&ioo. O f these, tw en ty w ere se n t aw ay dressed and dolog w ell to Z am udio a n d G uern ica, tw o on ly suffered am pn tatiou and r e m ^ e d w ith hope» o f rec o v e ry ; th e o ther six com preheD ded th e baH a u d doabtfu l

eases.

C H A P T E R X IV .

A f t e r tiie cd{>taic o f B u rsen a tb e ra in fell in to rre n ts fo r tiiree o r four Haye, and (lie roada bec&me abuost Im passible. W in ter appeared to be a g u n se ttin g in w ith Tiolencc, to forbid the renew al o f t3ie siege ; Eg^uia ho>*»'ever nev e r re ­laxed h is exe irions, b u t seeined tb e m o rr deCer- m ined to m ake quick w ork v f i t : 500 peasants w ere u i^ b tly emplciyed on th e b a tte n e s ^ recd n ^ fo r tbe att£»ck o f the tow n, in c u n lo g ^ g ^ t s > or in b u ild in g parapets w itb tb e m and casks filled w ith clay , &c. (In the absence of th e saud-bags which Iiad b een cap tu red o u the re s tin g o f th e previous siege i a Q elober,) and in tran sp o rtin g provision») a r ti lle ry aurl am m unition OTcr th e m ouu ta la . T lic la tte r serv ice i f n o t so dangerous was q u ite os arduous. T h o u g h B ilbao wTis an im p o rtan t naval statioD, a u d p le n ty o f blocka and ropes bad fallen In to tlie ir hand«, (Iiey wuuld n o t ad o p t tb e »low

N 5

though sure Kng ligh mode of sarmouiitiii a lieight bv a parbuckle. Tb«y could not spare time for tbat; so wbra eigbt osen were found uné<iiial to tiie task of tuning a twenty-foiir poooder through the iDuddy road, they tackled uxt«eu tu tbe car­riage, and (abauduuiog diecummo,) dragged it right over tbe mountain and into the battery. On tbe »light of the Kith of November %\x different poai- tions were arm edfive of them ifl the pcighbour- iiood of &in( Augustin and the river where it leaves (be towu, neuer to k, k»wer and more nnrtherly than thu«*e erected <ÍujÍii the October sioge. Tho garrison had kept up a heavy ñre of Touskotry, ((Tape slot acd sImU« tor three previous DÍght» on tke fii^iieers, sapfersi and poa»nts, while tke w9rk& slowiy proceeded. Five mea were kilW aud ;Aout fifteen wwiided iu this semcc; but the (leneral wuuld adiuit of no dolay for more favour able wcatkfr, being fdUy persuaded tbac ho w» going the skurtesS aud safest way to work Ui stop tlie effusioo of blood before Bilbao. S«veral otficors

experience aud abüicy vore however of a dltfe- r(«t opinion (amoogst others Lord Kanela^), aud eutreated him to continue as he had ro happUy begun, aod take the other imallcr furts yec garri­soned by the enemy in tke itnmediate neigh* h<iurhood, enpeciaUy tke fortified convent of St Nichc^s del Deserto, l\)rtugalete aúd Fort Si~

K oquo a ll w bich commaQd«d tb e riv er and mig;hc in h is b a in k com pletely p rev e n t tke a rriv a l o f u i y succour? from s e ^ T h e re w ere also th e hilUforts o f M ira v ^ le s , M orroa lto a n d M urrobajof w itb the church o f Bogofia, ly in g a round tb e tow u and com> CBftudio^ i l on th e o th e r thTee sides, (a llbough th e y , like tb e th ree river fo rts w ere a l l commajidcd b y h ig h e r hiJts,) inviU ng his a ttcn tiu u a a d iaca- p ah le of a a k lu j f a n y f fTective defen cc i f exposed Co ft cannonfldc fr<im abuve. W ith ChcK outw orks in b is poseeMKM), w luch E g u ia m l^ h t easily hove t« - duccd w hile h u nam e was u p n» ta k e r u f struDg place?,” h e Eoigbt have b id defiance tu tb e severest asMuICs of w in te r a u d £»pftrtcro. T h o U rbauus, sh u t o u t from a ll supplies o f pioviuoni;, iot«W Ugence aiul hop«s o f relief, would donbclcM hav« soon su rreo Je red ; and th e C arlist ftrtoy, unthiiiDed b y the |(un» of th e b*sicg«d» m ig b t have m arched u n d er L g u ia Co M a d rk l. B u t w ho can 9C£ cicarly a d a y in to tb e fu tu re ?

O f a l l the M itly iog forCs, th a t o f ro rti ig a le tc se«m cd o f m ost im portance tu the besiegers te pob^esif and itfi cum paradvoly dcfroceless com & tio n afcer the £ill o f B urscua, m ig h t have rendered Hs cap lu re almo?C a cprfain ty , i f a brisk attack bad b een m ade a t tb e critica l m om eut. I ts g a rr i ' sou cojisisted o f 8 0 0 m en o n ly . D o n C asto r cojn- m anded tb e en trance tu tb e river, ¿ y w hicb aid

N 0

luigbC Arrive from S an tander or S an Sebastian. CattCro d e U rdialea was d ie ou ly open p o rt adjacent, and EdparCoro was y e t a trcc k ’» m arch from i(i«ncc. Com m odore M orales finding; tlia t b is T T in c a d u w stood 00 chance o f success in a war&ro w itb the mouutaLiSy and tba t th e G a e n lla s oo M o n te Aspe, O nd is and I .cx o n a , w ere daily m ounding bit» a^ lo rs; seem ed to g ive u p tlie i<lca o f do lug a n y good w itk th e ir a r ti lle ry afiuat, aud was seen u nsh ipp ing them : ev ideo tlv p rep a rin g fur a staiid on shore, and streug the iiiog T ort D e^ierto , w lueb soon sliowcd seveu heavy p lcces po iu tltig tow ards Luchona, Sestao aod M onto A8|>e, w here tbe CarlbCs begao to appear in fo rce on th e d a y a f te r tb e cap tu re of Bureefia. T h e calibre o f these w ere svon found b y the econom ical CarliRts (wbo neT^r sniffer a cannon-belUviM tor to lie ru stin g ,) w b e tw o of 3*2, one o f 24 , tw o o f 16, tw o o f 9 aud a m ortar th a t could sa lu te L o s B anderas. AU th e sm all <r»ft i>{ tiie riv er w ore rooorod beside the q u ay uoder th e fo rt, aud the garrison stood w arily on tJieir defence, cannonading the h ills w herever a C arlist appeared . S ix ty o f tb e rebe lbous L eg ion ites 'fe re d rafted h itlier in ex ile froio S t . S ebastian. A couple o f Uiem, ro re d o u t “ fre sb ” one d a y to p lunder (he pea«actry o f B aracaldo, an d g o i sh o t o f course.

I t was certain tb a t u p to th is p e rio d (th e 13th N ovem ber,) E g n ia setiou.'dy contem plated ao attack

OD D e ú e rto and Portagxilete. P repam tion« w ere moHc fo r p lftn tiiig gu n s boch o n t h i h ills o f Sestao au d o u M o n te A spe . T w o h u n d red A lgerines wero quarterefi in th e v illage o f S«^tao> And the rum our o f tlie in ten d ed a ttac k hav iug reached P ot* tugaleCc, foart«eQ o f i ts a rm ed U rbanos a n d Cventy- o igh t OtLers u tianned, deserted to th e m on th e 14tb. U ufurtunatc ly E g iiia ehangcd b is p laus th e n igh t beforC) and tJ)e escapade wui» fru itless— worse iuiWed fo r those iiidiTidu^lly concerned— fur th e caui^ be iu g uotorious, th o C hristluo G u re rn o r confiscated tlic ir p ro p e rty b y proclamación.

I n th e m ean tim e ev e ry p recaation w as taken to relsird the n rriva l o f E sp arte ro . T h e road from V aJm aceda to P o rtugn lc te was c a t across in several placeSf a u d th e arch o f th e b rid g e betw een rosto ftod O n ion was broken . D o n C ustor A nde- cha |:a occupied th e h itle r district» w hile V illa R eal'a force (a ll th a t E g u ia conld sp are ,) unicod w ith the rem n an t o f (h a t w h ld i P ab lo Sanz and Joaq u in E lio b rough t from th e Asturias» eodesvourcd to draw tbe C hristine G en e ra l ijito com bats In positions w here )üs superio r forces w ould av w l h im H td e j b u t the h itte r cau tiously refused ev e ry offcp o f an cn- counier. I f h b troops on ly saw th e C arlist G ene­ra l's s ta ir and a recuuno itring p a r ty o f fo rty horse- m eu approachiug , th e y ñ e d in a ll haste to coneeo- T a te fo r the esp cc ted a ttack . V illa K eal fe lt ao

2 7 8 E S P A B x r a o a p p r o A C u r N t i .

n iic b a t h is eitso, tb a t h e cam e wich h is sCalT oo the 16 lh from Z udope to O Jarvaga to se« tlie opcr»- taons, p repam tory to ll»e g ran d attack .

U p to th is ¿ z y , tk e Lad rec e ire d noinw lU gencc o f E spartc ro ’s approach. D w iiig th<? e n d re siege thov w ere ab le t a obtain a atnan supj'Iy o f p ro v iao u s m f h tly over Uic wall», b«H straMffc aa ic n a y appoar, th e v nev e r could p rocu re any ti^onc« from fh e coim tr}' p eop le I T h e y depended s c ^ iy o u the niforiaalloH w u v e y c d h y C aptain L ap id g c 'a tv le ^ .ip h oo F o rt D c iie rto . O n tbe I6ch, tho BritU L aud Spauij»}i colours hoH ted ♦iitJK' E stre ila ba lto ry tlie re , coovcyed th e tidiiij?« o f the m a rd i o f th e arm y to Uicir re lie f. A g u n from MiraYkllcK acknow ledged th e iatelligcJic»*, a « d all waa Lope and obstiuacy w itL iu tL e tow n agtua.

However» ih e preparallons o u tho r iv e r a n d tbe roada a t e a i^ side o f i l appeared v e ry sufficicot agsunfct a n y a t l« n p t th a t E sparte ro w ould b e likely to uiake, to b re a k throu^^b the a rray o f th e beeiegers. T h e b roken b ridge of L u c h a ra c u t off tb e low er road from tb e aea to O l e v e a ^ B eh in d it, o u tho narrow causew ay under tb o perpcndlcuJar side of M o n le C ahra», breastw orks w ere throw u up, ex ­te n d in g from rock to ri^ e r (about CwenCy fe e t in b read lb ) a n d an e ig h t pounder p lao ied lo fire oo a a y Trincadura tlia t m ighc ven tu re so fa r u p Che

R ia ; tw o oibcrB of sim ilar coUbre w ere statioDedon V2

tL e l i i ib a b o 7 e , '» o n p o n M c ^ te A reagzis, th e o th e r in F o r t B a n d e ra s , b o th bearing ; o d ib e b ro k e n

b r i d ^ a u d Uw lo w er rc a c h o f Ib e r iv e r t b e n « to L a D e s ie r in . T i e n o u tb e ( ^ p o ^ t e (w es te rn ) bqnk , w h e re U tere »i*cmc<i m o s t d a iig e r o f E e -

p a r te ro aCtcm pling; so £>rue hU n a y acro ss th e b r i d ^ o f CastrejtiUH, D o n Caab»* A u d e c h a ^ h e ld

th e loouutaiiH i w iib h U a c tiv e B i ^ y u i G u e riiU s o o d fe l t b im se lf q u ite a t h o m e . O n th e d a y th a t l ^ i a M orm ed B an d era« an ri l iu n te d cbe f ly iu g

l ^ i o o u o f th e C a p u c h in eo n v eo t, D o u C usto r was h u u c iu ^ a c o rp s o f CLnatiJKw o u hi« o w n acco n n t

ab o v e C aM rv U rd iidegf a n d c a p tu re d U\e C oaim au* djiuCe, tw o lien teQ an ls , U d rty so U ie rs a n d fifty* four muskocs.

T b e u ig b t o f tb c 16 lb N o v e m b e r w as o ^ e vf

a n x io u s p rrp o ra lio Q . T lie g w r is o a a t u ite rv a k tb re w ^ e l l s a o d gr;^ )e*sho t a m o n g s t d ie C ^ l i e t

c n g m e e rs a o d /w ja u iw i w ho «"crc e n d e a v o u rin g to c o m p le te d ie baC leries a u d b r iu g iu g u p o m m u n i- tio c io t th e m o rn in g ’s ca iio o u ad e . T h e C h rU d o o

g^iinoer&did n o t d o as m u c h m isch i« f th e y m ig h t; fu r th e y w e re ra th e r ecouom lca l o f tb e i r fireworks«

p a ru c u Ja rly iu th e a r t ic le o f l i g h t balls» w id i w h ich ib e y a p p e a re d to b e b a d ly »mppUed: a n d eonse*

qncQ tly , th « ir o th e r g u im e ry w as c o m p a rad v e ly in e S c a c iv u i a t n ig h t . T b e y w e re iu fac t ji r in g b y

m oonlight^ w iiieh w as c o n tin u a lly o b scu red b y l y -

2 8 0 C A M P X J H T l l A S P M L 'S iC .

in g show ers. TTie C a r lis t csunp pre& enlcd a fein- g;uUir sco n e o f b u s tle a n d soc iab ility . T h e g re a t

a rc a d e w h ic h su rro u u d s tb o c h u rc h a t D eusto» was filled w ith a b a tla lio n o f CaslilM ans, m a k in g m e rry

o v e r th e i r tr iu m p h s o f ih c l a s t w eek n n d th e i r hopes o f th e m o rro w . A n o th e r o f N a v a rre , iu th e c o n v e n t o f L o s CqDuchiDOS, ab o v e , w e re a lso k e e p in g i t u p a f te r ib e i r fa sh io n , ch o m s-* io g iu g , sh o u tin g a n d

jo k in g w ith th o s e in th e p la in below , T h e ia r tn - boURC»( o u a ll th e h ills a l th i s s id e o f B ilb a o w ere filled lo o v e rf lo w in g w ifk th e fo rces c o n cen tra ted b y E g u ia fo r th e assa iilt, a n d e v e n th o se u n d e r th e w alls w e re ta k e n possession o f, n o t o n ly fo r tb e c o m fo rt o f “ d ry Iod ising ,” b u t th e co n v en ie n ce of e x c h a jig in g sh o ts w ith th e a r l il lc ro s w ith in a n d th e

fsharp-shooters i u th e c o n v rn t SU A u g u s tin ad ­jo in in g . A s 1 p assed th e hi>uaes o f th e b iv o n ac , th e

so u n d s o f re v e lry e v e ry w h e re s tru c k m y e a r s i n g ­in g a n d d a n c lu g , w ith o u t th e s t im u lu s o f w in e o r

sp irits o f a n y k in d b u t th o se th a t n a tu r e g a v e th em . I o n ly h e a rd tw o in i ta u c e s o f “ in s tru m e n ta l m usic * o n e , w hich I th o u g h t lo b e a b a g p ip e d e p r iv e d o f

iw d ro n e , h u t w b icb o u in sp e c tio n I fo u n d W b e a s p e a e s o f s im p le p ip e o r f i ^ e o l e t , m a d e o f a cow s h o rn , a n d p la y e d w ith th e m o u th , u p o n som e p r in -

c ip le " k lc h co u ld n o t b e iu v o s tig a t^ d w ith o u t d is­tu r b in g tb e m e r r im e n t o f th e co m p an y . T h e

o th e r , iu th e o p e n « r , a s a p a r ly p ro c e e d e d in slow

m arc ii d ow n th e m onntoins> a n d w h ich I m istook

m th e d a rk fo r a b a u d o f b o ^ i p e r s , d ro n e s , trcb^eSf c h a u n te rs , a n d a ll . B u t n o , ’tw as m e re ly o f a s t r in g o f caJTos jo l t i n g d ow n th e ro ck e w ith cannon*

b ^ U iroiB r i n r r i o , occasionally f lo u n d e rin g in th e

m u d , a u d lo a rk lu g a ll th c v a H a tio n a iu a b a d m ouu* tiu u ro a d b y th e a lte re d to n e s o f tb e i r m o ro ab le ax le s , w b ie h tu rn e d in a p iece w itb th e w hee ls , a n d a r e a e v e r g re a se d b y th e p m p iie tn rs , w h o p rid e

th o m sc lv ra o d th is u o co m p an lm en t q u ite os m u c h a s a F re n c h p o s tillio n d o es o u LÌ9 queue, a o Ir ish

p esu a iit o o b is d ji ig h i l l , o r a n Fng;lisK b u tc h e r on bin v ix e n b u i (- te r r ie r . T b e i r to n es d if fe r w ith th e w e a th e r a n d th e ro a d , so m etim es s u c b a co n tin u o u s

sq u e a l is b e a rd fo r m ile s o n a g o o d o r e , tb a t y o u lose a ll p a tie n c e a n d w ish ic b ro k e n tip fo r th e ir sa k e s ;— b u t w h en tb e y g e t lu to tb e ru ts th e n o te s

e lic ite d &sè s o com ical, tb a t a s t ra n g e r c a n n o t h e lp h iu g h in g h e a r t i ly , th o u g h tb e ya tfsanu d r iv e rs s ta lk a lo n ^ b e s id e th e m a l l th e t im e , a s p ro u d a u d as

g ra v e a s peacocks.S o m u c h w as to b e d o n e b e fo re ra o ra in g , a n d so

m u c h d e p e n d e d on i t , th a t few e y e s w ere closed th a t n ig b t in th e C arlÌ» t cam]>. I fo u n d su ffic ieu t

o ccu p a tio n fo r so m e h o u rs in w a tch in g tb e mag^ii- f ì c c n t effect o f th e la rg e sh e lls a n d l ig h t b a lls w b ich

fe ll am ongsE th e tr e e s In th e b e a u tifu l P n d o o f th e C am p o V a le n tin o , w h e re th e b e s ie g e rs w e re con-

a c ru c d n g th o i r adv& uc«d batCory rig;hc acroes th« q iiay , fo r th e d e s tru c tio n o f th e e o u v e u t o f S tA u ^ ^ t l u . A c leu ^ tK I r e tu rn e d wick S e n o r -------

to s e e a fñ e n d c f k ia , w ]io lo d g e d o n th e r iv e r s id e a t

D u o ftk s a a d fo llow ed h im in t i ie d a rk u p br(d(en s ta irs a n d th r o i ^ b a h a l f ru in e d ho u se , ho ld -

H i^ fa s t b y Lié sk irtx , to av o id t)>e u o ñ o o ro d pUioes. A li w as d a r k n c ^ tiU w e fo u o d h is f r ie u d w ith tb e o n ly c a u d le In th e h o o ^ ( in h is h a n d fo r w a n t

o f a can d lo s tick ) ru m iu a g iu g & m o a ^ t b o x es mi tb e ñ o o r, ta k iu g o u t a n d s o r tin g p a rc e ls '—th e y w ere c a n n o u c a rtr id g e s f 'T w a s th e a r t i l le ry m a g a z ia e I T h e lo o j ' w ic k o f th e c a u d le w as s u u £ u g itse lf o c c a a ia iu lly i u halÍKXiiiSuined f ie ry daeC» a s tb e M orc*kecpor w e n t th ro n g h h ia searcL ea, sw earin g

e u d le s s c o n ^ a t Goine p rim tn g -p o w d c r w b icb h e c o u ld DoC ñ n d , b u t stiU c o o tiu u e d d ig |: in g iu to e a d i

caÍ4M7i iu q u e s t o f i t ; fu r tb e eog;inecrR w a n te d »»do » o rac th in g in tb e w a y o f rcC aliatloc a t th e gaCe u f

S t. A u g u s tin . M y c o m p au iu u a u g m e u te d Cho risk

to t r e b ly X tr e b ly h a za rd o u s b y p « « i^ i a g tL e se a rc h e r Co aearcL f o r a J W ro i.— ej^claim ed th e s to re* k eep e r, 2^o 's ta in o itfiy n t en t l c n w p o l" ( “ A la n te m , f r ie n d f T h e r e is n o t one

i u th e b u u se , o r iu tb e c a in p e i th e r I**) M y fir»t th o u g h t wAji to r e t i r e a s I cam e , i f 1 c o u ld b u t find

ra y w a y : b u t (h e sn u ff th re a te n e d to <lecide th e m a t te r b e fo re I o o o ld aecum plisb ic, e r c n b re a k in g

“ W H A T l a L i r a ? ” a s a

» o r a n a rm b y t l ie w&y : r a y seco n d im pu lse w as to s e js c l i ie c an d le a o d e x tiu ^ im L i t ; a te m p ta ­

tio n 1 fo r tu n a te ly 07epcani0> o r I m ig h t p ru k a b ly b a v e b e e n tr e a te d tL e sam e w a y m y s e lf tb e n e x t

D)om<^nt Oft a C b n sU n o p a r t i s a n ; so I stood still, a o d pond<^ed ou th e u n c e r ta in ty o f h iu n o n life , t i ll tk e p r im in g p o w d e r wat» fo u iid a u d tb e r e t in o g ctind lc cbrew a pa^^sin^ m y o v er th e hole» in th e

p a s 6 s i^ floor, anrl adow n th e fcn ce lcas sU ur. 1

w as in th e fre&b a i r in a ho]>, t»lep, ai)d j u m p ; — a o d d re w a loctg d e e p b re a tb .— T h o CAndles i i ^ d lu th e c a m p h a d (b e w o rs t w ick» 1 e v e r saw , y e t n ^ l n

b le w u p d u r in g th e e n tire s ie g e !

** S u c h c h in g c c D i^ I n r n e d c i c r i u isrp tttC b .

T lie y p M 0 Lbé * b oS o o p t c

 » th e L ad s ta te o f th e D M uutain ro n d s se r io u sly in te r fe re d w ith th p a r r a n g e in e n t o f th e g n n s a n d

th « d is tr ib u tio n o f d ie annD nnidoD , se v e ra l d e lay s an d a l te ra t io n s to o k p la c e u j th e course o f th e m o rn in g o f th e 1 7 th , a n d i l w a s n o t on c il n in e

o 'c lo ck th a t th e sev en b a tte r ie s o p en ed a s fo llo w s: ^ C o m s J id a n to T r o r o , w itb o n e tw e /tty -fb u r p o o n d e r

close to th e r iv e r i a (h e C a m p o V alen tiao» d irec ted o g a iu s t th e A rsen n l a n d th e a d jo iu m g w orks o n tb c

P ra d o . L ie u te n a n t M u u u o 6 to th e left^ w itb one

g u n o f Û2 te « u a n d tw o o f e ig h t, d ire c te d ogaiosC th e ¡ ^ t e a n d c o u v e n t o f S t . A u j r u s t i n , ^ ^ d C a p ta in Id ^ lg o ii \ L a S a lv e , a d jo io iu g , w ith one

2 8 4 P O S IT IO N O P T H E B A riE R IE S .

sh ip ^ o n o f tw e ji ty -fo u r b e a r in g o n b o th . IT ie

fourtL b a tte ry , u u d e r C a p ta in P la z a w as iit.ted u p

ag a iiu it iL e to w n w itb th e L irge m o r ta r o f fo u r te e n p u l^ d > ts d jaiD ct«r ( th ir te e n F re n c h in c h e s ) , a u o tlie r o f sev en paU jodos; a n d tw o liow itzen^ o f t b e u m e

ca lib re — th e th r e e la t te r fo r in c e n d ia ry b a lls . T b e fif th , cn m zn aad ed h j C o lo n e l U r r i i l ia , m o u n ted a tJu rty -s ix p o u n d e r , a tw e n ty - fo u r , a n d a s ix te e n . T h e s jz tb b a t te ry , u n d e r C a p tiu n Simoa«s co n ta in ed

o n e lo n g twonty*ff>nr, o u e s h o r t tw en ty -fo u r, a n d o u e s ix te e n p o u n d e r . A ll th e s e w e re o n th e ea s t o f th e r iv e r , be» ide th e c h u rc h o f S a n V io ce fito de A h a n d c . T h e s e v e n th , w hs p lace d o n th e w e s t, n n d co n fid ed to C a p ta in M e llo , w ho sw e p t t l ie opposite

q u a y w itb o n e p lc c c o f eigh t» a n d a n o th e r o f sdz jK iunds. T h o « e u n d e r C n b m a l U r ru t ia a n d C ap­

ta in S iu o a s w e re c s p e d a l iy d ire c te d a g a in s t tb e h ig h e r fo rta , a m o n g s t w h ich , tw o n e w lin e* w ere

v is ib le s in c c V illa R e a l’s a t ta c k , o u e ru n n in g w est ac ro ss tb e s te e p a s c e n t o f th e E s p b o a d e , from fbrC M a llo n a to S o u N ich o la s , m o u n tin g snwU

g u iis , o v e rlo o k in g th e to w n g a te , a u d su b u rb s o f S u A u g i i s tm ; th e o th e r in th e d is ta n t r is in g g ro u n d o f fo r t L a r r lu a g a o n th e so u th . T b e la tte r

th re w se v e ra l s h e l ls ; b u t o w io g to th e in ip e rfc c t v iew is h a d o f th e su n k e n su b u rb a ro u n d w bicb th e c h ie f can n o n ad e to o k i>b4Ce, i t soon c e a se d its

f i r e ; os i t w as fo u n d to b e d«nng io d isc rim in a te

C A S U A L T I E S * 285

m iech ío f to b o th p a r l i ^ . T b e C b n sU n o fo r t o f M irsvaU ea a lso s e u t s e v e ra l g reuadoft, b u t th e r& uge

WQ6 to o dklanC» a u d th e m a jo rity ñ e w w ild , or e x p lo d e d ii i th e a ir . T L e f ie ld 'p le c e s , on (be

E sp la n a d e , w ere , h o w ev er, o e t i r c ly s e r r e d agaiiu^t tb e b a tte r ie b i n th o C am p o V a le n tin o th a t w ere e fícc tirg ; th e b re a c h ,— (o n e o f w hicL u n d o r L io u -

te u a u t M u n u o s w as w ith in f if ty y a rd s o f th e walJ) a n d c^d g ;rea t m isc h ie f to th e C a r lis t in fa n try w ho su p p o r te d i t T h e ca su a ltie s iu th e s e th re e

b a t te r ie s w«*re se tio iis , e x p o se d a s th e y w e re in ad - d it ío n to a h c a r y a o d iu c e s sa n t ñ r e o f m n e k e try .

C a p ta in Id a lg o » a s k il le d b y a c a u u o n b o ll ; C o indndaD te T r o r o w o u n d ed in th e h e a d b y a s to n e d a sh e d from a n a d jo in in g w a ll; a L le o te -

lu iiii o f th e BÍ!»cavan S a p p rr* , w o u n d ed m o r ta l ly ; a n d seT eral a rtil le ro » c a rr ie d horg de a m h u t ^ o m th e i r g u n s . T h e b a t t e r y to d ie so u th , a n d n e a re s t

to tb e ftiro ic r b a t te ry o f V illa R e a l, a t U lib a rrl, b e iu g fa r th e s t fro m s u p p lie s a n d m o s t e x p o se d to

th o lin e o f fo r ts , fa re d th e w orst. O u e o f i ts ^^una w as d ism o u n te d e a r ly in th e <lay, u n d a n o th e r waa S lo p p e d fo r so m e tim e fo r w o n t o f balls. A g a in ,

t h a t o n th e r iv e r s id e , in fro n t o f th e c i ty b a tte ry ,

o f th e A rse n a l w h e re th i r ty - s ix p o u n d e rs w ere m o u n te d , siifTcred considerab ly .

T h e e n g in e e rs w e re c o n s ta n tly in req u is itio n , e v e r) ' w h e re (e x c e p t a t th e m o r ta r b a t te ry , w hich

was adm irab ly sitoat«d) recoR xtractln^ the w orlu sw ep t aw ay b y th e inccssm it fire o f d ie bewcgpd. T b e la tte r were» ho^rever, so bard pressed , (hat th e y bod no tim e o r cairn on «balls Co sparo for die specta to rs on th e hills— allliough th e la tte r were ob liged to com e dow n balf*wuy to | ^ t a g ood view o f th e operations, o n account o f tb o beavy mist® a u d freijuenc ebowcrs w bich sw ep t over tb e ir suju> m its from tbe sea, sa tu ra tlo g th e oio im taic Md* a n d chilliDg a n d d re n rb in g every on<f. I f the loflkcw-on a ttem p ted to sit> i t wus on a sponge— if to stand , d ie y fell cUiUed to su c u es , and besides b e­cam e m arks for ibe iira iyvrs , whr> w ere em plovod in g re a t forcc o r th e tow n w a lls ; io fac t, i t wae necessary to k eep n^ovlng to k e e p th e life io one. T h e m ortar l>attery waa r l^ h t weQ w orked b y C ap­ta in P laza . I t was situ a ted in amaL¿e-field> one lia lf o f w hich w as reaped , tlie c tb e r stlU standing above tb e C am po V alen tino , be tw een th e two F e rra ría s (T rib o li a n d G o j'e r ri) u r iron sm elting works, distJngiiished b y Tpry Call chim neys. T h e HcatCered guurda and puropkinB which had grow n aud s till rem ained o n the rea p ed po rtion , p resen ted a u n g u la r appearanec. I-ook ing dow n from tbe hills, one couJd im ag ine them to b e h u g e easte r- eg g s , d y ed o f a ll th e fasbionable colours u f che old fesdve tim e,— g reen , yelUiw, buff, striped , speckled, and p ieba ld , le ft ly in g th e re as i f th e »Id C ^ e s

w kI G iant« « f S pan ish rom ance bad ju s t b een *«ireii aw ay m th e m id s t o f a f S i f champetrt, b y the porteDtooQ th o n d e r a o d H gbtn ing o f rh<?8e new -faiiglcd eng ines of war- T h e C a rlis t slieli* w ere th row n w ith toixiblp cffect in to l i e tow iifn rtt. T h e b ^ w o ^ ^ filled t i e (u r r e n and u p p e r gatleries o f th e chu rch u f S t. A ugD stju w ith in fe n t^ ', as they had dtm e in the p rev io os siego w itb such dead ly effect a g a in s t the artilleros ; b u t tb e Ciirlist gu n s iu L t . M unuos’ b a tte ry «>on kuoeked down the u p p e r b a lf o f ib e n o rllie ru w ail o f the cem etery , and com pelled them to abandon th a t p a r t o f the church, I l ig cannon, how ever, played upon S t. A ugusliD , a n d th e ad jo in in jr ou lw orks, a t diwidvao- la g e ; fur, hav ing b een a rm ed in d a rk n e « , under a heavy fire from th e walls, i l liad on ly been b rought to boar o n an ang le u f the eoiivent. A p ra rtita b le b reach in a bouse ad jo in in g tb e conven t g a te , w te how ever, repo rted a t noon to th e G enera l, w ho in ­s ta n tly concen tra ted hU force« in tha t q u arte r, and o rdered the assault j w bich was g a llan tly en te red on b y tb e F o re ig n L eg ion . T b e fire o f m uske try wag a t th is period m aL itaiued a t each aide w ith sin ­g u la r a rd o u r ; b y tb e garrison h o ld ing an extensive fro n t o f houaes, ond b y th e a isa ik n l« w hilst ta k in g poBscsswD, s lep Ijy eiep, o f tb e ru in ed s tre e tt aud

im m ediate ly beneath . TJie b reach w as in tb o first fltory o f a fi>rUfied h o te e in tlie o u te r line

‘288 ADOLPH E D^ASOY BHOT.

o f the defenccB of th e convent, th rouph wblcL t i e assailants en te red b y a scalijig ladder; thoir opp<^ pcnte escaping; before them over roofless wail8> and ta k in g re fu g e in tlie convcn t and h ig h e r iiouw s behind , wLicK i t now ap p eared form ed th e rea l Utie o f defeoce, A b o u t one hundred and fifty m en who had e n t < ^ h e re , now found tb e ra se lrc s am idst four wsdls affording uo exit> exposed to th e sbo t ^ d band greiiades o f th e ir enem ies w ho com­m anded th e poMtiou o n c^ e ry s id e ; i t was a coin- p le l« eul de sac, and on fb rtunate ly n o t iii tb c least availab le as a mean^ o f fu rth e r e n tra n i« to th e c ity . H e re L isu ieD ao t A dolphus D 'A rg y wa« k illed , as h e en te red th e brpaeh , b y th e side o f his b ro th er C harles. H e vras struck , a t tho m om ent, b y tw o balls m tb c hea«l, a n d a th ird in th e neck. H e was one o f th e finest noldicrs 1 ha?e e v t r s e e n ; ta ll, Htroug, and w ell-p roportioned ; and , w ith lu« b ro th er, fo rem ost in ev<-ry dajiger, T h e y w ere am ongst tb c v e ry fow ofliftcrs who bad en tered the b reach a t L a P a r ra d c M allona, in VillQ R eal’s rec en t siege. A dolphus w as a m an adioim bly c a lc u b ted to com m and th e n n ru ly sp irits whom h e led— o ld soldiers, w ho had served tb c ir ap - p re titiccsh ip iu A lg iers, then g radua ted under L e b c a u and B e r n f l l e ; a n d subsequen tly cwne as accom plished canipaigners, to fig h t for C borlei tbe F ifth - T h e y a rc a ll b ra re b y h ab it ( “ and

THE BCHOOI. o r THE B A T O N . 2Q9

som etb ing m orp” ) a a il q u ite rtociistomed to drive th e Spanish C lu û ü n o s before tbem , » h e n ever tbc'y m et. D ’A rg y n e v e r carried a n y th in g wLei» lead iog them in to U tttle, h a t a s tick Co punU b th e ir osceww« o r d eâd en c iea o n tbe luHtant; oxcopt iu a storm ­in g p a rty , wben be alw ays took a m a sk ft, I t is a u n g u l o r ^ ’t th a t so m uch d id liis com pauy value tb e s tr ic t discipline b e enforced, i f titey snw Jiim w itb o a t 0 s tid s w hen th e en e m y w as neftr» tbey h as ten ed M o c u t one fo r h im ! T lie n th e y felt theou^elvcs invineible. T h e surv ivor C harles Iuxk b een prom ised tb e ribbon o f S an F ernando. PoUsli officer o f the F o r e i ^ I .e g io u , L ieu tenan t Z a v u in s k i, was also m o m lly w ounded tb e re and died a few days after.

Soon a f te r tljis fru itless a ttem p t, i t w as proposed to rem edy the in d ire c t position o f tb e b a tte ry u nder IJe u tc n a n c M onuos b y b r in g in g forw ard one of hU e ig h t pounders» a a d b a tte r in g in th e aide door, w bicb i l w as expectcd w ould le ad ccrtaixily and d irec tly iu lo th e In terio r o f th e place. T liis m a­nœ uvre w js ex ecu ted w ith p rcm ptitnde a n d deter- m ijtarion, u n d e r a fire o f moidcctry from the adjoin* in g walls, (ou ly a few paces off) b y C’ap ta in V ial aud a few artillerus. T w o shots w ere fired tb rougb th e door, and C ap ta in V ial was in tlie a c t o f loading i t for a th ird , >^heu h e received a ball in th e th igh ; the se rg e an t o f th e g u n w as sho t a t the sam e mc^

V O L . I . o

290 COUNT m obtaka’r GALLAMTHV.

is e n t, tw o o tlieri w ere w ounded, a n d th « re s t fiod. A v o lu a lee r re in fu rcem cnt w as w o n afterw ards b ro u g h t u p b y C o u o t Morbaro? w ho dasliing on, :vxom panied b y L o rd R an elag h a n d C o u n t V aldeck, re to o k tb e g u n a n d ca rried off C a p t i ^ V ia l '. H is w ouad w as so w rious th a t i t was found D e c « w ry b« sXouId suffer am putatioo . T h e opera tion was sk ilfu lly perform ed b y tbe S u i^eon -in -cb ie f, O Sra- dor, a F re n c h s tu d en t w bo Lad praclisod and aUo ta tig b t su rg ery in M ad rid prev ious to the vrar. The fa te o f tbiy y o u n g officer e z d ttid un iversal com - m b era tio n . H e had a lready acqu ired cousldcraLle rep u ta tio n b y Ms g a llan t conduct in G ulpusooa, and a t b is f irs t appearance in tbe b es ieg in g arm y was dislinguisH ed as th e ind iv idual w h o was n ea rest to tlie con r e n t o f B ursona to receive th e cap itu lalion o f the C bristino C orom andauie. l i e was oue of the m*>st valuable AyuAantea o f G en era l O uibeU ldc, a n d since h is a rriv a l had b een in d e fo tip ib le in the serv ice o f E g u ia , b y w hom h is loss was seriously

felt.T h o s in riv o rs o f th e g a llan t F o re ig n L eg io n still

con tinued to hoW th e bouse th e y had w on so dearly , and th e cannonade on th e «-alls a t th e g a te o f S t A ugiistino was k e p t u p n n rea iittin g ly h y M nnuos,

» F o r i i i * M ortaT * « c « * e d «he C n> « (d t ) «

I xt C)«w o f S u n F u n t n d o .

Trovo» and M ello . A b o u t fo u r o’clock ano ther b r ^ c b was rep o rted practicab le , and G en era l S yU v » t r c o f tb e E n g iü e e rs , received E g u ia 'a o rder for th o assaulL I understand iL a t som e d o u b t e:cisUíd in th is d o p a itio e n t m to th e e x ten t a n d o fiiaeuc)' o f tb c second breach , a n d tim e was cDneamed io t^ tJ ie r inspections, repo rts and add itiona l cannonading tali tiie d ay lig h t had u e a rly d ep a rted , a n d i t was th e u j o d ^ d too h ite to a tte m p t to e n te r th e town b y sto rm , d ie fire o f th e b a tlfrie á ceascd, a n d th e troops re ti re d to tb e ii q u a r te rs fo r the n ight.

T h e garrison p robab ly eipec>ting an o th er n ig h t assault» w rough t incessan tly to rep a ir th e ir d am agc i w ith sand b i ^ k c . T h e y k e p t a sharp l<M>k out, and firin g a t in te rvals k illed one mcui aod w ounded four; c n th e prev ious n ig b t w hile p lacing th o gu o s in tb e s ix batterien , tw o m en w ere k illed and tw elve w ounded. T h e e n tire loss o n th e 17th ©f N overalw r (d u rin g w hich bo th i n ^ t r y a u d a rtil­le ry w ere cuostao tly u n d er a lieavy fire, and 10 (1,000 oartridg;es » e r e d ischarged b y tb e form er,) was th ree officers a n d tw entynsix p riv a tes k ille d ; te n officers and f o r ty - e ig h t p rivates w ounded. A m ongst those w ounded m tb e assault a t the breach wag y o u n g C aptain VilUera u f th e E n g i­neers , w ho diiitinguished h im self 10 m uch io the pfevious OctoboT sto rm ing party . H e w as a t th e bead o f th e la i t a u a u l t m conducting E n g in eer

<• 2

•J92 RrcKLrssNESS o t t h e OAnnisoK.

«r)icn h e r e c e iv e a hall th ro o g li h is u r n . H is w ound wns im iiiediaW ly tie d u p b y L orii K ajielagh an d C a ft id a E u b ich o u o f th « L a n w re (w ho distin­g u ish « ! h im self 80 m uch d iu in g the la te w ar in Hor-

w ho had ju s t a rrived ort leave ffom D urwngo ti» w icn css th e s iege . C a p t ^ i K nbichon w m actively en g a g ed in the b a tte r ie s a ll day , portlcu lariy a t th a t o f S t. V incen lo d e A bando o n th e w est o f the river, w hieh auflered m ost o f a ll from the fire o f thP A rsenal an d th e ad jo in ing quay . K ca riy forty w s e t s l a ^ e and sm all, lay th e re , r a n ^ along th e P ra d o ; on^ , « i th a w hite flatf di*pby«H. I could n o t p froe ive th a t ariy had auflepcd dairaife, although th e gftrriaon ou shore w ere incoifiprehen- sib ly firing a field-piece r ig h t across th e deeJc of th a t d istinguished h y th e as i f to iu v iie i öde^Cmcdon or p re v e n t th e possibility u f a n y recog­n ition o f th e conventional language of peacc or n eu tra lity . E g u ia o n h is p a r t m m ntidnfd th e s tr ic te s t blockade a f te r th o m u rd er o f h is l^ar- lem entario . A n o th er d ispatch was to h av e been carried t«i th e F rc n c h Cnnsul th e awne day , b u t on le a m iu g the f j t e o f bis A yudant« , th e G en era l c u t off a il com m unication w itli Billwo-

.Serious in ju ry m u st b a r e b een done to the town b y th e caononodc o f th e 17th . I coun ted above th ir ty caonon-sbol in tb e co rn e r o f a hoase on the quay , iuside the b a tte ry o f the A rsenal, w hich only

prew futed tw o window» a t lli« an g le lo o k u p to ibe g a te o f S t A ugusiiii. B efore n ig h t closed niy^ ri<»w, tb<? l o w u was c o T D p l e c e t y obscured b y th e sm oke of houses sm ouldering n i tb th e ha lf-ex tii)gu lsbcd firos caused b y the sKoDs a n d greDadoj. T lie loss outside tb e to w a also was inure serious tliau in com m encem ent o f che la s t affair. T h e cv en iu g ol the I7ch o f N ov. th e re w ere in the bospilsiU officers and m en w ouuded, the m ajorU y seriously, 0% fiiiug from beh ind w alls o r parapets, the bki>xfi w ere a ll received ab o u t the head , ueck , o r b re a s t: p erbaps a tb ird o f tlia t n u m b e r in addition wer« k iiled in tb e b a t^ r le s and a t the a w a u lt

o 3

C H A r X E R X V .

O n d ie n ig b t o f d ie a ttack , (th e I7 tb N ov .) h rav y raiii se t iti, n b lc b coatánucd fo r th ree d a y s ^ tlia t It w'as ijupobtdble to p roceed effectively w ith tbe O il tlie m oru ijig o f tiie iS tL newa arrived th a t E1b> ])arteTo, s tru c g ly rebifi^eed* bad le ft Zuporia* and »“as w itbifi fiyc l e a ^ f s , opproachiof^ liy C astro and th e coast, tow ards P o rtu g a le te , to m ake i f pos* hible a com bined m ovoraeot w ith tb e forccs there, a u d th row succour» in to Bilbao.

'H iis in te llig en ce det«raiiiied E g u ia to a tten d lo b im b i tiie f irs t place, a n d m ean tim e lo change tb e s iege in to a b lockade. H e in s tan tly dii^patchcd four battalions to C aetre jaua (o jo in those under P a b lo S au2 a n d E lio , w ho h a v in g u n ite d w ith V illa R eal, w ere p ro tec tin g tb o siege, T b e la tte r, w ith b is hands th u s s treu g lb en ed , m oved to A lon^etegul, w here h e occupied h im aelf iit harassiug E spartero , w ho w as m oving fk im L arodo tow ards C aicro dc

U rdíales, aod ¡11 c u ttin g off hi» pro^f^se» w hether ®Tcr land to B ilbao or h y sea lo ro r tu g a lc to , und in endeATouriujf to g e t him lo com m it him&elf in a b n ltle . T h is E sp arte ro p ru d en tly a ro id e d , allhougli reinforced b y troops dotnched from the corps ol A lra rez , O b ta in G en e ra l o f O ld Cât»tUe, und in c o m o n n d o f fifteen baruüioni^ o rb e tw c e o n 12 ,0 00 and 13 ,0 0 0 m en . l i e is rep resen ted lo have w t i ( -

t€H to C olonel W v lJe , tlia t h e was coming; wilb 18,000. H e reached C astro UrdialcB from G urlezo o n th e 2 0 th o f N ovem ber, (ail h is a r ti lie ry le ft behind fo r speed a n d safe ty ,) w hen Ü o n C asto r absoiuti^ly stopped liis fu rth e r paswigft to th e K la N eryion. B r i^ ^ ic r - G e n e r a l C astaneda preee<lcd iiiio w ith 2 0 0 0 m en to O flton , a b o u t tw o leagues from P o r- tu g a le t^ , b u t th e re h o found sufficient occupation fo r M m e rim e in m en d in g Uie b rid g e w hich i>on C asto r had b roken , I t i» u n c e ra in how lung E sp arte ro m ig h t have rem ain ed a t C astro i f the E n g lish steam -boQts brul o o t cuuie to hiR aid . O n th e 2 2 n d o f N ovem ber the Comei a n d Salamm\idtT w ith ab o u t th ir ty launches i a low , took on board 8 6 0 0 o f hjg (roops a n d BOO horses, a o d conveyed them to S antiirco and P o rtuga l e te . A m ongst tiie»e w ore G en e ra l E sca le ra an d C olonel M u n n i- « r , who, n e x t day d irec tin g th e ir a tten tio n agam «t the feeb le g arrlsou o f 3 0 0 C arlists le ft a t S au turce , obliged th e m to re tire a n d jo in D o n C asto r a t

0 4

•2W > G O O D M O V f i O F T H E C U R l S T I N O S .

ZaioarosM . O a d ie *25tK, 2 0 0 0 C lirisiino« m arcked w estw ard o u t o f P o rtu g a le ie lo open d ie road fnr Cd^iano<b aad F-^partcro. T b e la tte r a t th e same* m om en t m arch ing eastw ard from Casiro» obli|fwl D o n Caftlor to fall b ack a u d stand inaclive , to AToid b e in g la k e n in r « i r w hichever b e m ig h t oppose. T h e C hristino forces th e n uniun«^ tb e ir s treug th ,

marcbcH safely in to I 'o rlu g a le to .D u rin g these m oTcm enta, the r e m in d e r o f die

C a rb s t battalioDs '* e re p rn iec lin g th e batteries w hich I ^ o i a w as h o u rly k b o u r io g to repa ir, not- w ithataodiug th e con tinual <<mnonadii)K o f th e g a r- risoo , arid tb e ii.oc#*aiit m in , n e a rly as desiruedve in i u efiVcl« OQ the m d eJy coustrnc ted breostworks. TJiC irrb a o o s , on th e ir p a r t , stxengthencd ibe ir b a tte re d ^-alU to tb e u ltcrroost, fired a t ev e ry th in g tlia t Biiired w itb ia mu.sket sho t, an d aurm ounfed th e b reach n ea r tiie g a te o f S t A u g u s tia wich a d ea lh 's head a n d crossboncs p a b U ’d on a board, w ith th is in scrip tion , T ra m iio d$ ta (T h e passage o f D ea th .)

£ v o n a t d iis period ti»ey w ere b eg in a in g to find th e ir provUiuns ru n u ijjg low, a n d th e garrison was p u t on sh o rt allow ance, n a ro e l) , h a lf a ra tio n of b read , w itb beans l a p b c e o f b e e f for tb c ir ;j«cAefO. T b e y bad s till, how ever, p le n ty o f w ioe a n d /uptar^ diem«. T h e y never a t a n y period appeared defi­

c ie n t in vigilance» a n d fre q u en tly m ade sorties, a»

L I T E R A T U R E O F T H E C .S M F. 2 d 7

i f to d iscover a n y w an t o f iC on tb c p a r t of the iK sieg;«». O a tiie L6 Ü1 tLey pubhed o u t two reconooisonccs o n the Mde o f M o rro a n d M irra* va]le« to le a rn w h a t force w a s a t ( l i a t side> b u t D on Cwtor*« guerillas lu stau tly repoJ^ed th e m w ith t}te l o s s ( a s a prisoner inform ed h im ) o f six w ounded i n tho first, &!id u f u u e k i l l e d a n d tw en ty w ounded I d d ie lecond s o r t i o ,

T h e chazices of w ar place mai^y n o v eltlrs before o u r e y e s ; am ongst o tlie n , lite ra tu re o f v e ry pecu* lia r preteusious« I m pl w ith th re e am usiug sp e d - m ens ono d a y »hortly a f te r th e assaiiU o f th e 17tb» a ll o f w hich m ngt b e p laced to the c red it o f the garrison o f B ilbao ; \mprivti$y h a lf a dozen sl^cct« o f C a rlis t cartriiige paper, w hich oo carefu l iui^peo tio u , ap p eared tu b e the Rubi^tance o f a paraphler, p rin ted , as the t i t l e - p a ^ inform ed us, “ fo r account o f th e ed ito r O t B ay o n n e , 1086,” and co tltled , “ A L um in o u s ü u id c for the B ritish C o-operalive F o rc es i a Spain o u the p rincipal Subject« c«n- u ec ted the rew ith , w ith P articu h ir in fo rm atio n reia< tiv o £0 th e B aaquo P rovioccs { b y Solero G ue< w - chea, K n ig h t a n d L ie u te n a n t iu th e NatioiuU G u ard .” T h e n fuUowa a m odest announcem ent, obviously a g re a t im provem ent on tlic ro u u d 'a b o n t way w hich som e cnckncy authons ta k e o f im press­in g th e ir readers w ith a sim ilar idea , nam ely , “ T h is g u id e i s incalcu laU y superio r to any th ing

o Ò

2 d 6 C l f R l S T m O G K A K D I L O Q U £ K C E .

o f th e kJud, b e in g p n n c ip a lly th o r e e ^ t « f {lerRonaJ obscrvatioo. T h e au thor.”

So m uch fo r d ie d tle -p ag e . T h e iu tro d u e tiv ti U H'orthv o f I t J a t f tn t dioughc i t w as in tended as a CarliRt qul2 o n C brU tino graudiloquencx?, b u tI wax assu red i t i&sued from th e press w ith a ll poeeible g rav ity . I traiiacrlbe tb e lirs t para> g rap h , w rda tim et liiffratzpi, (w hich th e correcuw of th e p r e « » b y n o m eans to a ttem p t to “ Ho in to Engljeb>” ) nam ely , “ E v e ry S panU rd poaw w u ig feeUng;^ o f huneiity and noble g ra titu d e , m ust h e thorough ly eonvinced <if th e raagnanim ous rcno- liitiMi ta k e u b y th e g a l lu i t IndividuoU o f the R r i ^ ^ cuH>perariTe forces Lu liu^ting tb em se lT es Co d ie scane o f d v l l content, CO defend b y che sacrifice o f tb e ir blood th e sacred cause o f h b e r ty , so d o sc ly couaecCcd w ith tb e th ro n e o f y o u n g Q u eeu of S pain , E liaab ed i l in d . F u l l of g iorions emuJa- tiiin , th e ir on ly uTshes a re d irec ted Co fig h t fo r so valuab le and rav ishujg objects T b e honourable a n d gailanC m em ber fo r W estm inster, w bo so g e n ^ rou^ly bas p laced h im self a t d ie h ead o f such haud> svm e body o f F .ngliabm en has deserved w ell o f hia ow n cx>onrry, w here th e good fee lings and good wisbe* o f th e peop le are em bfirkfd in tb e pros- p^roua s u c t e S 5 of th e cause h e Ha* w w arm ly spoused." T h e ii follows a chap ter en title d , “ A rap id sketch o n tb e actual disastrous civil war, die

1-2

way the C arlista carry i t , and th e posu b lc mc^al an d c l f ^ ü v e m eans to stop th e progress o f tbe eo em y ;” iu w hich a f te r a very rap id »kelch indeed, th e au th o r discharges th e fo llow ing b roadside :—

T h e partisano o f O o u C srlos, an d leiiders o f t)>ifl u n h ap p y w ar a ro , th«rtf>jrty a coivpound uf iguoraiice, fanaticism« wsQt, m isery , a u d di^tres?«, o f a ll th a t U disguAtlng a n d d ep rav ed ; tbicvcs, TBgrants, robbers , a n d m urdcrcr9 , «ríckod a n d <les- p e ra tr tndiyidiials.” T h e au th o r <ad fiud o u ade­q uate rem e d y 5o p resc ribe fo r all thii*, b a t **reta- Jlataou,*’ w hich recom m etidatioa foU uw bg closely on t}ie p ic ru re h e has draw n o f a^l t^i&t is d isgust­in g a n d d e p a v e d , affords an o th er sad iiluslratifin o f th e efiects o f c iv il m r , a n d Ih e t<>ndcncy o f poor bucDanity tv c h e m h a beam io i ts o « it e y e w hile d e ito u u d n g the m ote in a b ro th er 's . H ie u fo llo m som e vaJnable “ b e ll- th c -ea t” adv ice o n tho d e fe ii ' fliTe deta ils , which, io th b volum e, re la te m ly co B iw a y , nam ely , " I t w onld bo o r j e n l to enforce w itliou t th e least reg a rd o r conÁ deraiion wbati^o- ever, th o so o ften -repea ted o rder issued by our n v i l and o ü lita ry au tho rities a ll over th e ootintrv, or, a t least, to a ll th e o&uton« su rround ing Ril> bao a n d tb o p rincipal tow ns, th a t, u n d er tiie sho rtes t tim e p iw ib le , th e y a re to cu t dow n or destroy a l l woods, tbickecs, bushes, hedge« and walls, a t a dH taace o f e ig h t hundred fe e t o u both

o 6

aiUtfS of the h ighw ays, roaiis» byw ays nxt6 p rincipal dcfiloH T ouud tiie if respective liio its .” T h is good advice w ould ta k e ev en the b ack woodamcn «1 K en tu c k y th ie o gcDerM ioas lo execu te. B u t u o t cveo the n o b y C'hrisUno» u f B ilbao would s h ^ e the k z in c ss o u t o f cheir bones» and m ake a b e ^ n i n g w ith the wall? u o d c r th e ir owii gn te of S t. Auguttt4u, w here th e C a rlis t gu erillas took iUieHcr; o r cu l dow n th e tree« u i the Cam po V alentino , on ly fifty y ards off, w here the b reach ing b a tte ry « f E g u b was p lau ied . A g aiu ,—

“ I l b e in g an uucoiitrad le lcd fac t th a t the C arliaa a re supplied iVora B ilbao and otlior ch ie f towu* ot' ev e ry nectbsaries, such a« tobacco, oil, sa lt, b randy , lu ie u , as also auiinnnicious, i t w ould b e «w ivenieut to th e good success o f the Q u een ’s eauac th a t th e e\fNjru»uon of ev e ry such artic le s shou ld tM2 pro­h ib ited w h ilst u n d er th e p resen t circum htances,

ex cep t w h a t m ay b e d irec ted for tb e use o f the people l iv b g w ith ib fortified p laccs, a r d w here th e Q u een ’s ordere a re obeyed.” T h is advice was n o t v e ry ex p lic it; b u t E g u ia ijiteq iro te d a n d ful­filled i t w iih a veugeanci». l i e n o t on ly executed th e Q u een ’s order» tu le t n o th in g out, b u t ne ither w onld h e le t a n y th ijig i n ! A g ain , h e p a id due observance tu tlie au thor’s advice, uaraely , “ A il k inds of subsistence« the enem y m a y m ake iwe of, o u g h t to b e taken a ll over the co u n try ,” &c. In

s W t , b e on ly a c ü i i g , wliìle th e C hristioo HUthor an d iiiy friends a t M ad rid w ere w ritíng , apcechifying, docrocing a n d constitu tloo*indkiog; So tb a t U Coll W yldo a n d L o rd Jo h u H a y had n o t io tc rfc rcd , h e w ould bave saved th^m a ll fu rther tro u b le re sp e c tirg th e p rov ince o f B iscay.

T b e n e x t seríet» o f lit« ra ry aicielca m e t m y eye in th e cnptured conven t o f B urseoa , w h itbe r I w alked the m orning o f the 2 2 n d o f N ov, to see “ th e w ay tb e C arlists e a rn e d i t " I took ex ten ­sive no tes o f th e e/fusions o f C b n s tin o disloyalty, irreverence and se n tim en ta lity , scribb led w ith charcoal on tb e w alla an d w ltii ciialk on tb e b eau ­t ifu l p ic tu res ot the g ra n d a lta r o f S an FriuicÍ:^H> d c A bando j b u t th e eu tJre , o n review , p resen ted sacb a of bad ta s te aod bad feelirig, siicli an ou tp o u rin g o f tb e lan g u ag e of ^^retaliatìoii*’' in tbe “ d isg u stin g aud d ep ra v e d " s ty le (w hicb in S pain kiMM^s n o m edium , b u t selecta tbe represontatíons o f “ th e adoration o f tb e HLe{)herds,” “ and tbe w ise m en’s ofierings," a s its a lta rs o f pro& nation), — th a t I bad no h e a r t fo r th e ta sk of seleccioa am ongst w h a t oo ly p resen ted a v arie ty o f bad, w orse, w orst, — a n d connn itied tbe cullection to

tho fire.A sp ed n ieD o f th e tld rd lite ra ry seríes cam e

d a iid itg before m y balcony th e sam e m om iug , on th e fu ll tide o f the K ia NervioQ : i t a rriv ed in ratber

a n uQCODunon conTeyaace— a bu ttfr> firk iii pain ted w hite , w ith a staff e re c t titro a g h tb e bnng; hole (w here aotneboHy h a d neaU y ih^tcncd i t w ld i p u tty ) , bcsiring a f lu tte n n |; frz^m o n t o f re d cloth to a t- Im c t a tlcn tio n ,— som eih ing in th e s ty le o f a wiU Irish R ibbonm an’s ex p ed ien t to inT ile a chaUcnge a t fo ir o r m ark e t. O u (b e h ead w as n u le d a card ( th e t« n o f c lab e ), w itli th e app rop ria te Inscription__“ E n q u ire w ith in ," C o u n t V aldeck d id in q u irew ith th e h il t o f h is sword, a n d foond an open unsigned carieU w ritte n in a n e a t S pan ish hand, addr<«sed to “ C ap tw n T -ip idge, JiingdiKey* d a ted “ M o n d a y even ing , N ovem ber 2 1 , BiJbao,'’ an d com m encing r c r y ¿ im ili^ ly w ith a free tfiinS' ia tio n o f th e m v d n » h i t ' ‘A prtc iabU jiM ipo v'a. “ D e a r L ap id g e ,— T h e te leg rap h you have orccted o n L a D esic rto is too m uch to th e r i g h t I t ftlocW b e p laccd m ore to th e eastw ard, to b e aeon from hence. M ak e i t w ork, a o d le t u8 ha?e news, A S pan ish flag u nM iraT allcs (o r a n y o ther b e t te r point you in d ica te ), w ill p rove th a t th e a i ^ a l ia seen,

** W hen d o o u r w ell-w ished fo r frieods come A second, th ird , a n d fou rth o f exchange floated

in Mgbl subsequen tly , cach b ea rin g its b ille t t« “ D e a r L ap idge .”— E ac h waa doubtlc*» sen t down tb e ebb tide» th e n ig h t before, from B ilb a o ; a ll had floated u p ^ t u n w ith th e reU im , and tb e lite ra ry flee t w as exiling dow n ; ^ u n in th e m oro ing , to

force th e C o r lk t liues oncc mor«» w hen w e caugh t d g h t o f th(^iD.

O u th e sam o day , N ovem ber 22ud , a t noo;i, Eg;uja resum ed h is operations agn inst d ie ctnivent o f S t. Aiig;)]8dno, no tw ithstand ing th e heavy pass* in g show ers. T h e b a tte ry a t Com po V aieudno , u u d er L ie u te n a n t M iinuos, m o u n d n g one sixteen p o an d e r aiid tw o four poondcrs, was d irec ted ag^uH t i t in i la n k ; w hile th a t o f L a A lvia, ad* joiniog* th e chu rch o f S e a V incento d e A bando, on tiie w est side o f th e riv e r, took It u t fron t. T h is iaCter b a tte ry hnd m coatlm e b een streng thened , u n d er th e care o f C ep ta ius M cUo a n d SimoaS) and th e n m o u n ted a loog* tweuty>four pouuder, a tw eoty*four pounder carrvnade, and th ree e th e rs o f six teen , e igh t, a n d four. Soon a f t t r th e y beg^ti Ut p la y agoint^i cbc convent, a heavy m is t fe ll from th e niouiitauis upou the tow n and suburbs. A b reach was, how ever, repo rted a t a q u a rte r before tJiree o’tdock, a n d the batta lions o f the th ird of N avarre , a n d p a r t o f th o first aj)d fifth o f Biscay, advanced to th e assau lt; b u t th e m ist uicren^cd rap id ly to a dow nrigh t fc ^ , til l th e m e n eould n o t see w liat they w ere firin g a t, o r w here Uy g o , and the gcnom i p ru d en tly 'w ithdrew them . T h e g ar- risou of th e conven t m ade a so rd e , in th e m idst of the a ttack , and a fierce b a t b r ie f comliAt ensued, end ing in the hasty re tre a t o f tlie C hrlstlnos, and

3 0 4 e c j c i a ' s p o L n r t f a n d

in whieh i l w as b e lieved th e y m ust h av e haH oear a liuu ilred m on k illed o r d iw lJed - T h e C arlists loa t in th e b a tte rie s , the assau lt, a u d th e m x- t ie , tw euty-fivo k illed a n d th ir ty - th ree w ounded,— am ongst w hom w ere live officers. T h e w ounds w«re, how f\'e r, abnost a ll m ortal, sis u ide«d w ere those rece ived in th e previous a ttack , hav iug been iDflicCcd b y haiid-grenade*, aod sho t, on tbei^>per p a r t o f tb e body . T h e p rin c ip a l w ork was, how ever, b e tw e en th e artillo ros ou e ith e r aide. T h o se of tb e tow n p roved th a t tb e y w ore n o l lo be despised , a n d ea rly p roduced an im pression on the b a tte ry o f S anto V iiicenlo , d ism ounting th ree o f its giina, aud w onndiug several m en . T h e otliCT two, how ever, s ti ll k e p t u p th e ir f ire ; a n d , w ilh the aid of Ib e batccr)' o f l ie u te n a n t M uuuos (wbo w*as sligh tly w ounded), succeeded in elfectlng the b r e a d i ; b u t tb e d en sity o f the fog p reven ted all furl)>cr operations.

T b e conveoE, although in r u b s a t th e uo rth - ea ste ru e.TCromity, ce rta in ly stood v e ry m uch in the w ay of like beidcgers. E g u ia declared th a t i t foost be g o t poeAessiou o f before tb e y could occupy chat sub orb lo a n y u se fu l pnrpo*«. O neo hond Ji/ie lodged th e re , b e calculated tb a t tb e y w ould have l i t t le tu fear from the h ea v y gu n s o f tb e A rseoal, a n d o thers p lan ted on the q u ay betw een Ih e galeiS w hich a t ev e ry opporSuoity ce-o jjera ted in the de-

etructinn o f tb c CJarlist b a tte n e s , b u t w hich w ere oi]ly Cdpftbl« o f u itio y iu ^ assaiJajiG w ho stocxl out* side o f th o coriT cnt T h e bu ild ing w as, however, very stroug , a n d 90 sL rroujided b y houses, th a t tbe G en e ra l fu im d i t a tedious w ork to hatCcr h siiffi- c ien tly for h is purpose. U was easy e o o u g b tv deinolinh Its superficial u p p er w orks aud acce&sorii's, b u t th e R asqnc churches arc a ll soUdly b a iU w hbio, a rched w ith stone over oave and cboir, a o d very lit tle aficctcd b y bum bardm euta, a t least such hod h ith e rto beeo d irec ted ag a in st them . T h e re w ere m auy o th e r accessible a u d less k u u tty points around the tow ti, n h ic h the G eo end m ig h t have d ea lt w ith iua tcod ; b u t a s Le could uuC overlo<ik tb o probability o f K sparcero's m ak ing a s tro n g and sudden eS brt to raise th e siege uov>' tlia t b e v>as reiu* forced,— h e cautiously k ep t h is guu& la tbe way be« fore th e g a te o f S t. A ug u stu i, on tb c very road aJong; w hich tb e troops m u st juareh from P o rtu g a le te to e n te r tbe tow u. Aity uteain*boat th a t m ig h t at* te m p t CO force an e n try , w ould aUo have t o p a d d l e

close before tbe m ouths o f a ll hi» g u u s and m ortars, a pas>ag;e w hich h e eudcavourcd Co re n d e r as diffi* cu it as possible, b y th e iuter^iosition o f Romc chain- cables o f B ilbao wroug;ht iron.

T h e in ju ries w hich th e b a tte r ie s rece ived in the a ttac k o u tb c m o rn in g o i llie 2 ^o d , a re I d p a r t to be a ttr ib u ted to th e previous b a d system o f coo£diz)g

tb e n l^ h t w orks abonC tho battcric!^ th e b form atuia, r c p a b ^ &c. Co the o ld paytanoSf w ho w onld n d i s r liaye b een excuRod th is apeclce o f Iftbour» a n d n o t lo th e fOTing »oidiera, w bo w ould g lad ly h av e u n ­d e rta k en th e jo b . A ])easanc, £bc fa th e r o f a fonuly aha tte red b y ^rape-sJio t, iu a sorrow ful «tight; the sol­d iers how ever th o u g h t n o th in g o f wounda f so P ^ i a aiid th e M a rq a is d e V aldesp iua la id tbeb* beada toge ther, a o d a rrao g e d the m a tte r to th e Katijbfactlon o f a ll parties . T h e peasan ts w ere rcIicTcd from the ir q u o ta o f labour» w henever th e y plea&ed» b y tho p ay m en t o f a p e se ta ( lO d.) to a so ld ier in Ueu of it* d a y or n ights O n e p»ca»tnt waa k illed th e n i^ h t of th e 21at, and fo u r w ounded, in th e a lte ra tio n o f Htc b a t te r ie s : I believe th e y w ere tho Ust.

T b e failure o f th is second a ttn ck o n th e tow n was d ee p ly f e l t N u m b ers o f specta tors hnd gathered fm m tb e Kurrouudbig coun try (as tJiey had in th e prev ious affair o f tlie 1 7 th ) ; b n t th e heavy tni»t obsenred a ll y iew o f th e operations, e i th e r offensive o r defensive» a u d Uttlo oonid b e seen b u t siiccciKiTe litte ra o f u 'ouoded e m o t in g from the subu rb . I descended from th e h ills to th e river side, in hopes o f see in g m ore c lea rly w h a t was g o in g o d ; b u t tb e miict had ta k e n possession o f the low g ro u n d aUo. I fonnd tlic boatm eu a l l on tbe a le r t, d isregard ing tb e caiiuouade a u d s tra in in g tb e ir eves to fiud an y th in g afloat sm ugg ling le tte rs

from B ilbao to F u r t D ^ c r t c s L av iag a lread y cap­tu red th e fo u r au d o d o u s b u tte r firkins th a t w ere en d o a ro n iiu ^ to bresik tb roug li tb e lines, bearing; f t c «im ile h iu ts to CApt&hi L a p i d ^ fo r th e im - proTem cnt o f b is inv isib le telcgraplu

T U ey ca u g h t jn s t thon & dead p l^ , fioadng dowD, w hich tiiey c u t n p , b u t found n o CQcloi»ure8. A t th is period, L o rd R au etag b a n d C o u u t V aldeck w ere se n t b y E guJa w itb ituCructions, acroH the n v e r to tb e A baudo b a t t e r i e s a n d 1 occofDpauicd them to ob ta in , i f p o sa b le , a b e lte r ^ b t o f S t. A n^u»tiii. W c found in pew du^ th e bulls bre&k-

th e ton) baton«» o f th e E n g lish officers bnricd in tb e presque-i«lc o f L o A lvia. “ Y ou w iii u o t g e t a good view o f th e effects o f th e cannonade fru in a n y side to day,” said L o rd R . to m e, “ cspe- u a l ly from the ba tte ry befure u r ; lo r th e U rixinos m ake i t a po iu l tb a t nobody sb a ll p eep os*er tbe p a rap e t w ithou t losing h is eyc8i|fht. Y<m ore tbe h isto rian ol che siege, an d tb e re ’» n o occaai<in for y o u Co l>e silenced, like tiie tw en ty -four pounder th e re . Y on’d wnCe a v e ry larae acco u n t o f i t w ith yon r a rm in a a liog , o r y o u r ey e o u t, o r y o u r head in y o u r b a n d ; so g e t u p instead in to th a t t ^ I bouie th a t ovcrlooka th e b a tte ry ( tb e head-quartera o f the A lv ia a r ti lle ry ) , w here p erhaps you m a y sec some- th in g above th e m ist. W e w iU joii) y o n th c ro ,tf le r seeing all r ig h t a t the b a tte ry ,” — “ I f not^** said

0 0 8 U 8 F S O P L A C A K A .

C o u n t V ,, ‘‘ re c o ile d Co wrlc« a Landsom e ikotiee fo r o u r o b itu a ty , and Co look o u t fo r «ome mure quieC a n d com fortable b u ria l place for U8> d ian chuc wt? lia re ju s t passed ." So llic y wf*nt ou, jo k in g usnal, “ ev en tu tiie cannon’s m ou th :" w liile 1, pre* ferriDg th e ir nd rice to th e ir exam ple? g;oc u p to the ffranero in th e ro u f o f tb e Call hoiiae iu »earcb c f my v ie w ; b u t a il was miRt bo th altuve an d l>clow. H e- tu rn in g w itb tbem , eubscquootly , a lo n g Che river side, to a »pot « h e r e a boat aw aited us, 1 KCopped fo r a m oiaeo t to c u t o ae o f th e lo n g cano« peculiar to the couo try , aud whiclf w e found o f especial u»e in o u r w an d e ric )^ b y m ouu ta io a n d r iv e r,— bctog exceed ing ly llgliC in p ro jjo rtiou to it« Rtrei^tb» se rv in g n o t on ly as a sCaff in th e dusk , and a probe in th e m ud o r sand, b u t ah»o as a v e ry portable laoun ta in -suppo rt fo r a CelcRCope,—-which unless s tead ied b y i ts fud (like th e Crans\'erse p ifcc o f S t Jo h n ’s cross), w ould bo fr#Hiuently rendered useless by ib e wind- (T h e p easan try cult!vale thfim to form trelltces, o r parras, to sustain th e ir v ines aS four or five fe e t dietauce from th o g round , to adm it a ir a n d ligbC b e n e a th ; b u t , so pow erfu l a re che countervM ling lofiuence^ o f tb e m ountains, a n d the cold a n d ra in tlic y induce« tb a t th e v iu e o f n iscay . although roeclving perh ap s m ore carefu l cultu re th a a an y in S pan i, producc« tb e w orst w ine I havo ever ta sted .) I h a d scarce ly w alked oS th re e steps

With m y sCiir, w h e D a caziiioii ball from t h e town p lu n g ed in to th e cone p la t {lirough the very p l a c e

w here 1 had stood, m or?ing dow n tlie r a o k o f whichI had carried off th e flank roan T I la d I b een ha lf a q u a it« r o f a t n i i i u l e m ore d i l a t o r y » 1 e e r t iU D ly

s h o u l d hove seen v e ry U ttle m ore u f th e siege. T h e C B D u u n balls w ere , indeed , e v r ry d a y p lay ing s i n g u l a r freaks o v e r h ill a u d valley . A y o nng o f K c e r

was tho dam e day shot dead , as h e s tood beside E g iiia , a t th o floating b rid g e u n d e r S a a to M aroes, — h a lf a m ile fa r th e r th a n sho t was ev e r knowD to ran g e from the c i t y .

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