הירושלמי בכתבי היד של התלמוד הבבלי - האם לפנינו עדויות ממסורות נוסח תימן של התלמוד הירושלמי - סידרא
מאגדה להלכה: לגלגוליה של סוגיית מצהב"ע
36
20130207.1-huca81 hebrew union college annual volume lxxxi Terms of Use is work is protected by copyright. No material herein may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way without written permission of the copyright owner, except that you may download one copy of the work on any single computer and produce one printed copy for your personal, non-commercial use only, provided you keep intact all copyright and proprietary notices. Furthermore, the author of this article, who has received this PDF as an offprint, may distribute up to twenty copies of this PDF, with the understanding that the recipients will not further distribute it. Modification of the work or use of the work for any other purpose is a violation of the Hebrew Union College Annual ’s copyright. Permission for all other uses of materials contained herein, including repro- ducing and distributing multiple copies, or linking to any electronic form of this article, must be obtained from the Annual in advance. Hebrew Union College Annual 3101 Cliſton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 magdh lhlkh lglgolih wl sogiit mcoh hbah bebirh bbli sokh kj e"b–l e"a rbiN wowjri aonibrsijt br–ailN From Aggadah to Halakhah e Evolution of “A Mitzvah by Means of a Sin” (Bavli Sukkah 29b–30a) Rabin Shushtri Bar-Ilan University
Transcript of מאגדה להלכה: לגלגוליה של סוגיית מצהב"ע
20130207.1-huca81
hebrew union college annual volume lxxxi
Terms of Use
This work is protected by copyright. No material herein may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way without written permission of the copyright owner, except that you may download one copy of the work on any single computer and produce one printed copy for your personal, non-commercial use only, provided you keep intact all copyright and proprietary notices. Furthermore, the author of this article, who has received this PDF as an offprint, may distribute up to twenty copies of this PDF, with the understanding that the recipients will not further distribute it. Modification of the work or use of the work for any other purpose is a violation of the Hebrew Union College Annual’s copyright. Permission for all other uses of materials contained herein, including repro-ducing and distributing multiple copies, or linking to any electronic form of this article, must be obtained from the Annual in advance.
Hebrew Union College Annual3101 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
magdh lhlkh lglgolih wl sogiit mcoh hbah bebirh
bbli sokh kj e"b–l e"arbiN wowjri
aonibrsijt br–ailN
From Aggadah to Halakhah
The Evolution of “A Mitzvah by Means of a Sin”
(Bavli Sukkah 29b–30a)
Rabin ShushtriBar-Ilan University
20130207.1-huca81
Edward A. Goldman, Editor Richard S. Sarason, Associate Editor
Editorial Board
David Ellenson, Reuven Firestone, Nili Fox, Alyssa Gray, Samuel Greengus, Adam Kamesar, Jason Kalman,
Barry Kogan, Michael Meyer, Stanley Nash, David Sperling, Dvora Weisberg
20130207.1-huca81
HEBREW UNION COLLEGE
ANNUAL
Volume lxxxi
Cincinnati 1
20130207.1-huca81
©2013 byHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 25-12620 issn 360-9049
Design and composition by Kelby Bowers Printed in the United States of America
20130207.1-huca81
Subvention for the publication of this volume
of the Hebrew Union College Annual
was received from
Shelly Shor Gerson
Joan Pines
and
The Henry Englander-Eli Mayer Publication Fund
established in their honor by
Mrs. Esther Straus Englander and Mrs. Jessie Straus Mayer
20130221.1-huca81
Submissions
We welcome for consideration scholarly essays in Jewish and Cognate Studies, Ancient and Modern : Bible, Rabbinics, Language and Literature, History, Philosophy, Religion. Please address your submission inquiries to The Editor at [email protected].
Authors submitting manuscripts for publication are asked to do the following :
1 For manuscript formatting, follow TheUniversityofChicagoManualofStyle in general and TheSBLHandbookofStyle specifically.
2 All manuscripts, including notes, should be continuously paginated, double-spaced and employ generous margins all around.
3 Every manuscript must include an English abstract of 200 words maximum. 4 Submissions should be sent in Portable Document Format (PDF) as email attachments to
[email protected]. PreviousVolumes
The Annual office can supply vols. xlv–lxXx excluding vol. lv (out of stock): vols. xlv–lii at $15.00, vols. liii–lviii at $20.00, vols. lix–lxxii at $30.00, and vols. lxxiii–lxXx at $40.00. Printed copies of individual articles are available for a fee of $5.00. For more informa- tion email the Annual office at : [email protected]. The American Jewish Periodicals Center at HUC-JIR, 3101 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 can supply microfilm copies of vols. xxxviii–xliv.
Supplements
Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi. TheLisbonMassacreof1506andtheRoyalImageintheShebetYehudah. 1976.
Mark E. Cohen. SumerianHymnology:The Eršemma. 1981.
William C. Gwaltney, Jr. ThePennsylvaniaOldAssyrianTexts. 1982.
Kenneth R. Stow. “The1007Anonymous”andPapalSovereignty:JewishPerceptionsofthePapacyandPapalPolicyintheHighMiddleAges. 1985.
Martin A. Cohen. TheCanonizationofaMyth:Portugal’s“JewishProblem”andtheAssemblyofTomar1629. 2002.
Stephen M. Passamaneck. ModalitiesinMedievalJewishLawforPublicOrderandSafety. 2009.
HebrewUnionCollegeAnnual 3101 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
20130207.1-huca81
Contents 1 P1, P2, P3, and H
Purity, Prohibition, and the Puzzling History of Leviticus 11 NaphtaliMeshel, Princeton University
17 NÍpò : Deuteronomy 33 :21 GaryA.Rendsburg, Rutgers University
43 The Song of Songs from the Bible to the Mishnah JonathanKaplan, The University of Texas at Austin
67 Fire, Responsibility, and RedemptionTheology and Composition in a Talmudic Sugya
NoamZohar, Bar-Ilan University
81 Aspects of Truth and Deception in Jewish Law and Tradition StephenM.Passamaneck, Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion
105 Where Were the Jews in the Development of Sciences in Medieval Islam ?A Quantitative Analysis of Two Medieval Muslim Biographical Notices
MohammadHannanHassan, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University
127 The Messiahship of Shukr Kuhayl IIA Bundle of New Letters
AharonGaimani, Bar-Ilan University
171 Explicit and Implicit Polemic in Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch’s Bible Commentary
TovaGanzel, Bar-Ilan University
193 Rabbi Amram Blau, Founder of the Neturei Karta MovementAn Abridged Biography
MottiInbari, University of North Carolina, Pembroke
233 Dark Places Around the UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University’s Admissions Quota and the Jewish Community, 1945–1951
JasonKalman, Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion University of the Free State, South Africa
20130207.1-huca81
a Nhinibwhmleoarqmbtoxpwmitwle YossiLeshem, Hebrew Union College-Institute of Religion
zi hklhlhdgama”el–b”ejkhkosilbbhribebhabhhocmtiigoslwhiloglgl
RabinShushtri, Bar-Ilan University
hm K”mtiolhqxciNbMhrba’rlwtinwrphokrdMiriwhriwl
ElieAssis, Bar-Ilan University
hs ”MiqdhMirwqh“tjiwg”srlwdimltlsxoimhworiphrbxmlwtinwrphhigolodotmhMimihirbdrpsl
EranViezel, Kibbutz Netiv Haella, Doar Na Haella, Israel
20130207.1-huca81
abrhMhtlmod hbbli hino hicirh hnlmdt ohmwpieh biotr btoldot htorh wbel ph. hbbli zkh lpirowiM rbiM bmhlK kl hdorot iotr mkl icirh axrt omqomo bqbiet hhlkh kmej bledi. oaolM, el aP mrkzioto wl htlmod hbbli beolM hlimod hqlasi, kawr boxniM ano at hnewh bmxqr htlmod maz imi rawit xkmt iwral bmah htwe–ewrh ohewriM, nokxiM ano wat hbkorh tpsh hsprot harC–iwralit,1
magdh lhlkhlglgolih wl sogiit mcoh hbah bebirh
bbli sokh kj e"b–l e"arbiN wowjri
aonibrsijt br–ailN
1 rah wma ihodh pridmN, “kicd mdqdqiN ?: eioN bwinoii hgrsot wl htlmod hbbli,” trbiC sx )twn"j( 921–131 )lhlN: pridmN, “kicd”(. okN dod golinqiN, gnzi raw hwnh )nio–iorq oirowliM: bit hmdrw
From Aggadah to Halakhah
Th e Evolution of “A Mitzvah by Means of a Sin”
(Bavli Sukkah 29b–30a)
Rabin ShushtriBar-Ilan University
Th is paper deals with the opening sugya of Bavli Sukkah Chapter Th ree. Th is sugya is
full of textual variants and diff erent versions that substantially aff ect its understand-
ing. Th e paper deals mainly with a philological analysis of the diff erent versions of
the sugya. Th e analysis touches on one of the fundamental questions in talmudic
philology, namely, the relationship between our version and the geonic version.
Th ere are those who claim that the geonic version of our sugya represents a diff erent
editing of the Babylonian Talmud, almost a “diff erent Talmud.” In this paper we try
to argue that we are not dealing with a diff erent editing, but rather with the original
version of the suyga from which the other versions evolved. Aft er presenting the
evolution of our sugya, which I believe began with the geonic version, we continue
with Rabbeinu Óananel, and fi nish with the rishonim of Sefarad and Ashkenaz. As a
result of the philological analysis, we conclude that Rabbi Yo˙anan, who establishes
the rule of “a mitzvah by means of a sin,” intended to use this rule only as supportive
reasoning and not as general halakhah, whereas the anonymous redactor changed
the rule’s nature from aggadah to halakhah. We try to off er a general, as well as a
specifi c, explanation of this phenomenon.
zi
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
oailo hbbli la tps mqoM mrkzi kiah lmemdo bsprot xz"l,2 ola kaN hmqoM ldoN bsibot lkK. topeh zat qiimt hN bmboaot wnktbo wbhM id hirowlmi el helionh, ohN bmxqr hnosx wbo zko hmwnh ohtospta leisoq ainjnsibi leomt hbbli.
txilto wl heisoq bktbi hid wl hbbli hopie dooqa mhkiooN hrbni, rn"n qoronil bspro bit ntN el mskt brkot, esq bgrsaot wl k"i hkoll at zreiM omoed whgie lido birowliM.3 prict hdrK bxqr nosx hbbli wiikt lrrn"n rbinobiC. bmpelo hgdol dqdoqi sopriM mcig xkM zh xilopi nosxaot lrob msktot hw"s mktbi id woniM, pirowi hrawoniM ospri liqojiM woniM.4
bmamr zh nesoq bsogiit hptixh lprq g' bbbli sokh.5 bsogih zat mtxdw hmowg “mcoh hbah bebirh”. hcgt hdeh hmxdwt at hmowg ainh axidh oiw bh mspr nosxiM hwoniM bmhotM zh mzh. nnsh lemod el hthootM wl nosxiM alh laor walot hisod bmxqr hpilologi htlmodi. ep"i hmsqnot mbiror hnosx nemod el erikth wl sogih zat, onbrr at hixs biN mrkibih hagdtiiM ohhlktiiM.
lrbniM bamriqh, tw"s( 2 obherot 6 o–7 sqirt hxoqriM oeisoqihM. 2 el aP heisoq bsprot harC–iwralit meir pridmN, “kicd,” 031 wiwnN htiixsoiot ltopeot sprotiot
msoimot wl hbbli bspriM wwmM mboa lirowlmi. omosiP pridmN: “hmnhg hzh ldbr el hbbli mtoK hirowlmi dooqa nohg ed hioM,” orah wM herh 4 dogmaot rbot mmxqro wl ieqb zosmN “owob lirowlmi nziqiN,” mxqri tlmod a )twN( 55–331.
3 bhqdmt hspr hoa kotb el ktb hid: “ohgM waini aokl lheid el zmN ktibto m"m mhoto oxzoto mokixiM elio whoa mzmN qdmoN qodM wica mlakt hdpos beolM oldeti qrob hdbr ww"s hnzkr hih nmca bid hrmb"M ]…[ ki kN mzkir hrmb"M pj"o mhl' mloh oz"l hgie lidi bmcriM mqct gmra iwnh ktob el hgoiliM kmo whio kotbiM qodM lzmN hzh bqrob xmw maot wnh ]…[ ohw"s hlzo hih bid hrb mopt hdor xid"a kmboar bwM hgdoliM ]…[ gM barC mcriM raiti brkot osdr moed w"s el qlP ktibt id…” k"i zh nmca hioM baoqspord olherkt hxoqriM nktb bazor sprd bmah h–41 ao h–51, rah hpniot lhlN herh 5. sqirh el spr bit ntN omxbro rah acl ieqb wmoal wpigl, emodiM btoldot hspr hebri )rmt–gN: hocat aonibrsijt br ailN, twn"o( 334–634 )lhlN: wpigl, emodiM(. lgbi ktb hid whrmb"M meid elio rah dioN acl wlmh zlmN hbliN, tortN wl gaoniM )z' krkiM; irowliM: hocat ogwl, twn"g( a:82–92; wlmh nah, “mbnho oxloqto wl mdrw tort khniM,” trbiC so )twn"z( 215–515. el hzkrt k"i minkN bsprot hrbnit rah pridmN , “kicd,” 131.
4 abrhM mair hbrmN mtar at toldotio wl rn"n rbinobiC bsoP spro wl rpal ntN nje rbinobiC, mamr el hdpst htlmod )irowliM: hocat mosd hrb qoq, tws"o( rsa–rsz. bwnt trk"x hocia laor at hxlq hrawoN wl dqdoqi sopriM )brkot(, ocirP krK lkrK ed hgieo lkrK hxmiwh ewr )mnxot(, minkN trm"o. hkrK hwwh ewr wl hdq"s el mskt xoliN ica laxr moto ohwlimo x' ernjroi, prmiwla trn"z. sqirh el hspr omxbro rah acl wpigl, emodiM, 634–474.
5 lhlN rwimt edi hnosx hiwiriM osimonM: m– k"i minkN 59. o– k"i ojiqN 431. l– ktb–id londoN: )8055 .lraH( yrarbiL hsitirB = qjlog mrgliot ms' 004. s– ktb–id sminr: 8061 .BAR STJ = adlr 058. a– ktb–id aoqspord: )32 .loF .ddA .ppO( naieldoB drofxO = qjlog noibaor–qaoli 3/663. n– k"i minkN 041. t– k"i aoqspord bodli 7662 15–E .beH. b– k"i nio–iorq bihm"l 072 CME, 812 .baR. d– dpos rawoN pizro re"h. ltiaor hediM rah mnxM cbi poqs, “mhdorh biqortit wl mwniot sokh eM mba oherot” )ebodt doqjor; irowliM: haonibrsijh hebrit, twl"j( sa–sx )lhlN: poqs, “sokh”(; dod golinqiN, “prq ioM job wl raw hwnh bbbli: mhdorh mdeit eM pirow” )ebodt doqjor; nio–iorq: bit hmdrw lrbniM bamriqh, twm"x( ka–n; rbiN wowjri, “msorot hnosx wl mskt sokh bbbli” )ebodt doqjor; rmt–gN: aonibrsijt br–ailN, tw"e( 3–51 )lhlN: wowjri, “sokh”(.
xib
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
ji g
hcet hsogih ohqwiiM heiqriiM
el hmwnh riw prq g' bmskt sokh “lolb hgzol ohibw psol” dN hbbli:6
]a[ qa psiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna bioM job wini. bwlma ibw hdr benN hdr olika, ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN dktib lkM ]oiqra kg m[ mwlkM ala bioM job wini mai jema ?
]b[ am' rbi ioxnN mwoM rbi wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hba' bebrh wnamr: ohbatM gzol at hpsx oat hxolh ]mlaki a ig[. gzol domia dpsx mh psx lit lih tqnta aP gzol lit lih tqnta. ola wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow, bwlma lpni iaow adM ki iqrib mkM ]oiqra a z[ am' rxmna olao didih ho' ala laxr iaow ha qnia biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh.
]g[ oam' rbi ioxnN mwoM rbi wmeoN bN ioxi mai dktib ani ii aohb mwpj owona gzl beolh ]iweih ma x[, mwl lmlK bwr odM whih eobr el bit hmks am' lebdio tno mks lmoksiM, amro lo ohla kl hmks kolo wlK hoa ! am' lhM mmni ilmdo eobri drkiM ola ibrixo ecmN mN hmks. aP hqdow broK hoa am' ani ii wona gzl beolh, mmni ilmdo bni oibrixo ecmN mN hgzol.
]d[ atmr nmi am' rbi ami ibw psol mpni waiN hdr ]oiqra kg m[ gzol psol mwoM dho' lih mcoh hbah bebirh.
]h[ opliga dr' icxq damr rbi icxq br nxmni am' wmoal la wno ala bioM job rawoN abl bioM job wini mtoK wica bwaol ioca nmi bgzol.
]o[ mitib rb nxmN br icxq lolb hgzol ohibw psol ha waol kwr ! aimt ? ailima bioM job rawoN ha ktib lkM ]oiqra kg m[ mwlkM ohai lao didih hoa ! ala lao bioM job wini oqtni gzol psol.
]z[ rba am' leolM bioM job rawoN, ola mibeia qam'. la mibeia waol dla didih hoa, abl gzol aima stM gzilh iaow beliM hoa okdidih dmi qa mwme lN.
hsogih dnh bpsol wl lolb hgzol. hsogih potxt bkK wmstimt lwoN hmwnh eolh wlolb gzol psol bkl himiM )xlq a(. el kK mqwiM, amnM bio"j rawoN psol mwoM wcriK lkM, aK bio"j wni aiN corK blkM )xlq a(. beniiN zh mcigh hsogih mxloqt biN r' ioxnN bwM rwb"i lr' icxq br nxmni bwM wmoal. ldet r' ioxnN lolb hgzol psol bkl wbet imi hsokot )xlq b o–g(, ohsogih mosiph wgM rb ami mxziq bwijh zat )xlq d(. ldet r' icxq br nxmni lolb hgzol psol rq bioM hrawoN )xlq h(. el hwijh wlolb hgzol psol rq bio"j rawoN mqwh rb nxmN br icxq mdioq bmwnh wnqjh gzol ola waol omkaN wgzol psol iotr mwaol )xlq o(. el walh zat mwib rba wbgzol iwno xidow el pni waol olkN nqjh hmwnh gzol )xlq z(.
6 sokh kj e"b–l e"a. hnosx ep"i dpos rawoN )pizro re"h(. la nciiN ket at xilopi hnosx, kiooN wndoN bhM bhmwK hmamr. mhdorh sinopjit lxlqiM a' ob' wl hsogih whM eiqr dionno mcorpt bsoP hmamr.
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
r' ioxnN posl at hlolb bwar himiM onimoqo hoa mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh. hmqor wmbia r' ioxnN lpsol mchb"e hoa:
]b[ am' rbi ioxnN mwoM rbi wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hba' bebrh wnamr: ohbatM gzol at hpsx oat hxolh. gzol domia dpsx mh psx lit lih tqnta aP gzol lit lih tqnta. ola wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow, bwlma lpni iaow adM ki iqrib mkM am' rxmna olao didih ho' ala laxr iaow ha qnia biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh.
dbri r' ioxnN hllo eorro wlowh qwiiM eiqriiM acl hrawoniM:
a. msogiitno eolh wr' ioxnN sobr wiiaow qonh, whri ldbri hsogih r' ioxnN mokix whqorbN psol mwoM mchb"e mkK wqorbN gzol lit lih tqnta aP laxr iiaow, el aP wqnh aoto biiaow. msqnh zat eomdt bstirh ldbri r' ioxnN bbbli b"q sx, b wsobr wiiaow aino qonh: “aitibih r' ioxnN lriw lqiw: gnb ohqdiw oaxr kK jbx—mwlM twlomi kpl oaino mwlM twlomi arbeh oxmwh; aimt ? alima lpni iaow, mi qdow ? aiw ki iqdiw at bito qdw ]oiqra kz id[ amr rxmna, mh bito wlo, aP kl wlo ! ala pwija laxr iaow, ojema dhqdiw hoa daino mwlM twlomi arbeh oxmwh, dki qa jbx—dhqdw qa jbx, abl la hqdiw—jbx mwlM twlomi arbeh oxmwh, oai slqa detK iaow qonh, amai mwlM ? wlo hoa jobx, wlo hoa mokr !”7
b. hbbli bba qma sz, a mbia drwh axrt el hpsoq wmoba bsogiitno: “amr eola mniiN liaow waino qonh wnamr ohbatM gzol at hpsx oat hxolh gzol domia dpsx mh psx dlit lih tqnta kll aP gzol dlit lih tqnta la wna lpni iaow ola wna axr iaow.” drwh zat qwh whri apwr wiiaow qonh om"m psol laxr iiaow mwoM mchb"e, oa"k aiK nitN llmod mpsoq zh wiiaow aino qonh.8
g. qowi nosP eolh mhsogiot hsmokot. hsogih hbah eosqt bhnxiito wl rb hona lsoxri hhdsiM wla igzzo at hhdsiM wqoniM mgoiiM kiooN wiitkN whqrqe gzolh ohhdsiM ainM wlhM ala beli hqrqe igzzo okK iqno e"i iiaow owinoi rwot. kmo kN, hsogih laxr mkN eosqt bsokh gzolh, oldet xkmiM wM sokh gzolh kwrh kiooN wqrqe ainh ngzlt ohri hia ksokh waolh wkwrh. sogiot alo ainN mtxwbot bbeiit mcoh hbah bebirh omstpqot bptroN beiit hbelot.9
7 tospot bsogitno d"h “ha” mqwiM zat okN mqwh hrijb"a. beqbot qowi zh joeN bel hmaor wr' ioxnN mwmih drwb"i qamr lih hka ola s"l kootih. tospot wanC )nmca bwijh mqobct, b"q sz e"a( mbia wldet r"t nitN lprw gM lsogih zat wr' ioxnN sobr wiiaow qonh obkl aopN xiib btwlomi arbeh oxmiwh mgzirt hktob, or' ioxnN mokix wla qnh leniiN pjor mtwlomi arbeh oxmiwh aep"i wiiaow qonh.
8 hrmb"N bmlxmot h' meir waiN ltrC weola xolq el r' ioxnN oz"l: “ola plig deola adr' ioxnN rbih” okeiN zh meir hrijb"a. hra"h )mhdort i' hll ]irowliM: hocat mkoN ahbt wloM, tws"a[ em' qsg( mqwh kK: “oha htM bb"q amr r' ioxnN diaow kdi la qnia owme lh mN hda damr gzol domia dpsx ]…[ ohiki wme trti mhai qra.” hra"h grs bb"q r' ioxnN oa"k odai whdrwot sotrot zo at zo. amnM, rah tospot b"q sz e"a, d"h “amr eola” wldet r"t koonto wl eola hia mwoM mchb"e aK pirow zh dxoq; rah ihontN eC xiiM, sogiot moxlpot bmskt nziqiN )lod: mkoN hbrmN lmxqri sprot, tw"s( 58–29.
9 bel hmaor msiq mwoM kK wlit dxw lha drwb"i. hrmb"N bmlxmot h' mwib el kK: “dareta
kd
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
tlmodM wl gaoniM
bhlkot gdolot 01 mopieh hsogih kK:
]a[ lolb hgzol psol mwoM dhoia lih mcoh hbah bebirh. dkt' ohbatM gzol oat hpsx oat hxolh. oqa tani gzol domia dpisx mh pisx aiN lo tqnh kll 11 aP gzol aiN lo tqnh kll.
]b[ ola wna lpni iiaow ola wna laxr iiaow. lpni iiaow dkt' olqxtM lkM. lkM mwlkM iha bidih 21 ohhoa dgzol. laxr iaow nmi 31 mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh. abl aqnih lainiw axrina qani lih onpiq bgoih. la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna bioM job wini.
]g[ omai wna msokh gzolh dmkwri rbnN ? dtno rbnN sokh gzolh ohmskK brwot hrbiM r' aliezr posl oxkm' mkwiriN. amri htM hiki dami ai dgzl minih qrqe mqoM sokh ojllh beciM dilih. qa sbri rbnN qrqe ainh ngzlt ai dgzl eciM ojll bhoN qnnho bwinoi mewh dtnN hgozl eciM oewaN kliM cmr oewao bgdiM mwlM kwet hgzilh.41
]d[ ai hki lolb nmi liqnih bwinoi mewh ? qa sbri rbnN lolb aino criK aigd dtnia lolb biN agod obiN waino agod kwr. oaM tmca lomr criK agd winoi hxozr lbriito lao wmih winoi. ao hki gzl eci sokh nmi nim' winoi hxozr lbriito lao wmih winoi ? ala eci sokh hiino jem' mwoM dqnnho bwinoi hwM meiqra eciM stM miqri ohwta skK miqri. ai hki lolb nmi meiqra asa miqri ohwta howena miqri ? amri asa lika winoi hwM dmeiqra nmi asa lhowena 51 qro lih.
dnkri gzli ola wl iwral dla wkixi omwoM lkM aitmr dlmiqni miniiho beia iaow owinoi rwot omiho mcoh hbah bebirh lika” )bbiaor tiroC zh rah aocr mprwi htlmod ]irowliM: hocat mkoN irowliM, twm"j[ em' lg–ld(. tospot rbino prC mtrC: “dkioN dhoi spq gzlna la wiiK bho lmimr mchb"e” ok"k hmairi: “wma la gzlh oaM tamr gzlh wma la miwral.” kl htirociM hn"l iph kxM lsogiit soxri hhdsiM, aK aiN bhM kdi lhsbir at sogiit sokh gzolh.
01 hlkot gdolot )mhdort e' hildshiimr, a ]irowliM: hocat mqici nrdmiM, twl"b[ em' 643(. 11 bdpos orwh lita “kll” okN lhlN. bk"i roma, bhlkot psoqot obhlkot rao lita “oqa tani ]…[
aiN lo tqnh kll.” 21 bdpos brliN: “dkt' olqxtM lkM. lkM mwlkM amr rxm' ohai lao didih hoa dgzol.” bdpos orwh:
“didih beinN olqxtM lkM mwlkM ohhoa dgzl hoa” )kK gM mcjj hrmb"N aK lla hpsoq ohlimod(. h"p: “bidih dhhoa dgzl asir.” hlkot rao: “bido wl gozl.” orah irxmial brodi, chr lsprot hgaoniM )tl–abib: hocat hqiboC hmaoxd, 8991( 131 )lhlN: brodi, chr( wmtrgM at dbri hh"p “hoa axoz bid hngzl.” bherh 36 kotb brodi whbijoi grM lqowi acl hmtrgM wl hlkot rao whwmij at asor otrgM lpni iaow bido wl gozl, okN leorK hlkot gdolot ometiqi hxibor. orah wmoal morl, “sogiot htlmod bspr hlkot psoqot: msorot oerikot xolqot,” 05 ACUH )9791( kb herh 25 )lhlN: morl, “sogiot”(: “apwr wkl hpiroj aino ala hosph ]…[ onisoxo ba bwinoiiM bmhdorot h"g. aM kK, apwr whsogih hmqorit kll la hwtmwh bmdrw lkM mwlkM.”
31 bdpos orwh, hlkot psoqot obhlkot rao lita. 41 bdpos orwh, hlkot psoqot obhlkot rao lita “dtnN hgozl ]…[ hgzilh.” 51 bhlkot psoqot “dhowena” grsh zat nmcat gM b–tb, r"x obri"d. lgrsh zat nqra “asa” aK
hak
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
at hdioN bnosx wemd lpni hgaoniM nxlq lwniiM. txilh nesoq bhcet dbri r' ioxnN bsogih zat )xlqiM a o–b(, olaxr mkN nesoq bhwooat diN lolb lsokh kpi wmopie bdbri hgaoN )xlqiM g o–d(.
bxlq a' hgaoN mcig at mcoh hbah bebirh knimoq ldiN hmwnh “lolb hgzol psol.” 61 aiN bdbri hgaoN hqdmt walh el hmwnh wbeqbotih bah htwobh “mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh.” hsogih mokixh at diN mcoh hbah bebirh mhpsoq ohbatM gzol oat hpsx oat hxolh. mpsoq zh mokx wgzol psol bkl aopN )biaor hraih mporw brob edi hnosx wl h"g( omkaN hokxh lpsol mebr lbeiit hbelot dhiino mcoh hbah bebirh.
laxr mkN, bxlq b', hsogih aomrt “ola wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow.” mwpj zh mtbar bhmwK obbiaoro iwnM xilopi nosx rbiM biN hediM. lmrot xilopi hnosx hmwmeot hnoget lmcb hxpC lpni iaow hia zhh, bmcb zh hxpC wiiK lngzl olkN hoa psol lwimow kiooN waino bbeloto wl hgozl. laxr iaow hpsol hoa mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh. bedi hnosx wl h"g nosP hpsoq wmmno lomdiM at hcorK bbelot “dkt' olqxtM lkM. lkM mwlkM” )bwinoiiM qliM biN hediM(, drwh zat ainh nmcat bhlkot psoqot obhlkot rao.
xiloP grsh zh, lkaorh, hoa bel mwmeot bhcet hsogih. lgorsiM at hdrwh azi mwpj zh mosb el lolb, oailo lgrst lita apwr wmwpj zh mosb el qorbN. aK mhmwK hsogih nrah wmwpj zh mosb el lolb. hmwpj wlaxr mkN hoa: “abl aqni lainiw axrina ]…[ la wna bioM job rawoN la wna bioM job wini,” amirh zat bodai mosbt el lolb. mwpj zh nrah khmwK lmwpj “la wna lpni iaow,” olkN aP aM eorK h"g hosiP at hpsoq odrwto nrah wla winh bkK at mwmeot hmwpj oakN hoa mosb el lolb.
lsikoM, bsogiit hgaoniM mopieiM arbeh wlbiM:71
a. hnimoq lmwnt lolb hgzol mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh.
b. hlimod lmcoh hbah bebirh mhpsoq ohbatM gzol oat hpsx….
g. beqbot hdiN wl mcoh hbah bebirh, hrxbt psol lolb gM laxr iaow.
d. psol hlolb gM bio"j rawoN ogM bio"j wni. lkaorh, gM hrxbt hpsol lio"j wni hia tocah mdiN mcoh hbah bebirh, aK aiN zh mopie bpirow bhcet hgaoniM at hsogih.
winoi bolj biN nosx hsogih wlpnino lbiN nosx hsogih wemd lpni hgaoniM hoa miqomo wl hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN….” lnosx wlpnino mwpj zh hoa hpotx at hsogih obeqbotio ndrwno ldiN mcoh hbah bebirh oailo lnosx hgaoniM mwpj zh hoa msqnh mdiN mcoh hbah bebirh.
nitN, kmobN, ljeoN wnosx hgaoniM hino praprzh wl sogiitno oaiN lhsiq mmno
mioxs lhowena. bwar hediM hgrsh hia “lasa howena qri lih.” hgrsh bh"g mwobwt whri la qoraiM lhowena asa.
61 hgaoN mbia rq at sbrto ojemo wl r' ioxnN. lgbi hkreto wl hgaoN rah brodi, chr, 031 herh 26 whlkh kr' ioxnN bmxloqotio eM wmoal, k"w wrb ami mcjrP alio. oiitkN waP qowiit rb nxmN br icxq msiiet lpsiqh zat.
71 hmwpj “oai aqni…” aino wiiK lxlq zh wl hsogih ondoN bo bmqomo.
bko
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
wlpnihM emd nosx wonh.81 aK nrah wbmqrh zh aiN mdobr bpraprzh ala bnosx wemd lpni hgaoniM. lgrst hgaoniM hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” mosb el lolb hgzol. bmidh onosx hbbli wl hgaoniM hih kpi whoa lpnino azi mwpj zh hih mosb el io"j wni blbd )kpi wnrah lhlN bgrst r"x(, oa"k hgaoniM la iklo lhbia at hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN…” bsoP hsogih, whri bhcet hsogih bcorh zat aiN hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” mosb el io"j wni. lkN, nrah wbmqrh zh aiN mdobr bpraprzh ala bnosx axr wemd lpni hgaoniM.
mhcet hgaoniM eolh whsogih sobrt wiiaow qonh, whri laxr iiaow hlolb psol mwoM mchb"e ola mwoM xsroN hbelot. el msqnh zat qwot wti hwalot hrawonot whcgno bseiP hqodM. lgbi hwalh hwliwit nesoq bdioN hba bdbri hgaoniM.
ndoN ket bhwooat diN lolb hgzol lsokh gzolh kpi wmopieh bdbri hgaoniM. laxr whsogih mbart at jeM hpsol wl lolb hgzol, mqwh hsogih el ecM hdiN mdoe lolb hgzol psol oailo sokh gzolh kwrh. hsogih mmqdt at hdioN bhbdl biN gzl eciM osikK bhM lbiN gzilt hlolb. btxilh mbariM at hkwr skK hgzol mwoM wqnh bwinoi mewh, omqwiM el kK wa"k gM blolb qnh bwinoi mewh whri aogd at hlolb. hgm' mwibh wblolb aiN winoi mewh mwoM waiN criK agd oaP aM criK agd zho winoi wxozr lbriito. laor tiroC zh qwh el hdiN bskK hgzol wgM hwinoi bo xozr lbriito. lmsqnh mwibiM wbskK qonh bwinoi hwM oailo bhds aiN winoi hwM.91
hcet hsogih acl hgaoniM wonh btklit hwinoi mhcet hsogih btlmod wlno. aiN mdobr bwinoi grsh kzh ao axr ala bhrkbt wlow hsogiot hpotxot at hprq lkll sogih axt. sogih zat mcigh at wlowt hsogiot kmwlimot zo at zo, omtelmt, lkaorh, mheobdh wwti hsogiot haxronot ainN mtxwbot bbeiit mcoh hbah bebirh. hwooat tlmod hgaoniM ltlmod wlno melh at hwalh haM lpnino tlmod axr 02 ao wma winoi grsh lpnino, olaor hpitox hrb wbtlmod hgaoniM wma hoa winoi nosx maoxr laoto qo erikh nelM. bmqrh wlpnino domh wptroN hwalh mcoi bdbri hgaoN. sioM hwqla ojria hmwooh biN lolb lsokh hoa: “ai hki lolb nmi meiqra
81 el hbeiitiot bwxzor grst htlmod mspri hlkot psoqot ohlkot gdolot rah irxmial brodi, “sprot hgaoniM ohjqsj htlmodi,” mxqri tlmod a )tw"N( 292–492 )lhlN: brodi, “sprot”(. brodi kotb wM: “gM kawr la mdobr bxsroN mwoer blbd, ala bsidor axr wl hmrkibiM hbsisiiM, qrob beinii wiw lraot sidor zh kxlq mtromto hsprotit wl bel h"p, olkl hiotr nitN llmod mmno el drki hmxbriM wl spri hhlkot.”
91 hrawoniM nxlqo mh hjeM wqonh at heciM. bh"g kotb: “ala eci sokh hiino jem' mwoM dqnnho bwinoi hwM meiqra eciM stM miqri ohwta skK miqri.” rw"i la e"a, d"h “abl” mprw: “dqnnho bwinoi mewh owinoi hwM oeod mwoM tqnt hwbiM.” orah brbi abrhM mN hhr. aK tospot la e"a, d"h “abl” xolqiM oz"l: “ogzl eciM oskK bhN winoi hxozr lbriito hoa omdaoriita la qni omwoM tqnt mriw hiino mdrbnN” )lgbi winoi hwM rah kpot tmriM oaiN kaN mqoM lhariK(. orah wowjri, “sokh,” 56.
02 kK sobr morl, “sogiot,” kb. morl kotb el hcet hsogih acl hgaoniM: “hqowiot oliqnioh bwinoi mewh ]…[ oliqnioh bwinoi hwM mosbot ph el ecM hhlkh wl lolb hgzol, obkll xsr hih lpnio mamro wl rb hona lhnho aoonkri.” qodM lkN mbar morl at htptxot hsogih kpi wmopieh lpnino: “qowiot alo wiikot hio lwijh whnmiqh at haisor bmdrw lkM mwlkM. hN ainN mtaimot kl kK lnimoq mcoh hbah bebirh. aoli bgll kK cmcM bel hsogih at hqiP hqowiot halh, ohsb aotN el dbrio wl rb hona lhnho aoonkri. bmqrh zh aiN pgM mosri bqniit hhdsiM.”
zgk
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
asa miqri hwta howena miqri amri asa la aika winoi hwM dmieqra nmi asa dhowena miqri.” nisox zh meorr tmihh whri blolb hgzol esqinN oasa maN dkr wmih. domh wbmwpj zh pwj lno hgaoN at hspq whelno, la winoi grsh lpnino oboodai wla tlmod axr lpnino, ala praprzh hmaxdt at wlowt hsogiot.12 bhcet hsogih bcorh zat hbie hgaoN at emdto hxd–mwmeit: wti hsogiot hbaot ainN mtelmot mbeiit mcoh hbah bebirh.
ket notr lhbiN, kicd hgaoN miiwb at hsogiot hn"l wel pnio nraot sotrot. kbr bhcgt hsogih hrawonh hgaoN hosiP toK kdi dibor: “abl aqniih lainiw axrina qni lih onpiq bgoih.” mwpj zh lqox mhorato wl rb hona laoonkri: “la tgzzo atoN ala lgzzoh ainho ]…[ ki hiki dlihoo iaow beliM bidiiho didho owinoi hrwot bidiiko.” mdbri hgaoN eolh wwinoi hrwot potr at beiit mchb"e.
r' mwolM mbdriw bel spr hhwlmh 22 mtrC at hstirh biN hsogiot kK:
aika dbei lmiwme miha, dhlkta kr' icxq br nxmni dla xiiwinN lmcoh hbah bebirh…olao raih hia kll, dkiooN dhnho aoonkri la gzlo midi, ae"g dqrqe ainh ngzlt lao mcoh hbah bebirh.32
aK ediiN qwh mhmwK hsogih, whri mhcet hsogih e"i hgaoN eolh wqniiN e"i winoi mewh ao winoi hwM mkwir at hlolb, olkaorh psol mwoM mchb"e.42
12 rah dod hlbni, mqorot omsorot: biaoriM btlmod lsdr moed mioma ed xgigh )irowliM: bit hmdrw lrbniM bamriqh, twl"h( rx )lhlN: hlbni, moed(: “nowa hsogih wl hbh"g wM hoa lolb ola hds ]…[ aep"k hoa mqwh wM ai hki lolb nmi meiqra asa miqri. mstbr wkl hqje hhoa mboss el hgmra kaN )ola lhipoK( ohri hgmra mosbt el aoonkri wqno asa meko"M.” orah brodi, chr, 131: “kmo kN iw lwiM lb lkK whhrcah wlpnino mjwjwt at heobdh )wakN ainh rlbnjit lhlkh( whsogih hrawonh eosqt blolb hgzol ohwniih bhdsiM gzoliM, aK hwktob aino mowlM bnqodh zo: bhmwK namr waP bhtxlh qoraiM lhdsiM howena, kawr hqora htmiM aino ikol ldet mniiN cmxo hdsiM alh wla nzkro qodM lkN.” bhqwr zh, iw lciiN at herto hmtodologit hxwobh wl brodi, “sprot,” 152: “bhrbh mqriM aiN hgaoniM metiqiM at hjqsj htlmodi wlpnihM, oelino lwxzr at nosx htlmod wlhM mtoK dioniM hlktiiM ]…[ ainno miixsiM bdrK kll xwibot mspqt lxopw hprwni ]…[ bror omporw bhrbh mqomot whgaoniM pirwo mqorot tlmodiiM bdrkiM axrot malo wntqblo e"i hrawoniM.”
22 gnzi rawoniM mskt sokh )mhdort m' hrwlr ]irowliM: hocat hmhdir, twk"b[ em' 551(. 32 biaor domh nmca acl rw"i bsogiit aoonkri )l e"b, d"h “oqrqe”(: “]…[ oqsbr iaow grida la
qni abl iaow owinoi rwot qni oai nmi qni mcoh hbah bebirh hoi aM atM txtkoh mN hmxobr thio atM gozliM.” rw"i mbar wwinoi hrwot potr at beiit mchb"e, kiooN wla hM ewo at mewh hebirh orah morl, “sogiot,” kg herh 45. hhprw wbiN wijt rw"i lbel hhwlmh hoa wldet bel hhwlmh gM aM haoonkri igzzo at hhdsiM aiN bzh mwoM mchb"e, kiooN whM la gzlo at hqrqe, oailo ldet rw"i kiooN wqrqe ainh ngzlt rq aM hhdsiM iwno rwot laxr gziztM aiN bzh mwoM mchb"e. bgaoniM a"a lhkrie kdet mi sobriM, mkiooN weosqiM blolb gzol )ola bgzilt qrqe( wlko"e criK winoi rwot kdi lptor at beiit mchb"e. m"m mkiooN whgaoniM mcigiM at hsogih keosqt bbeiit mchb"e whri biaow qnh, nrah wmbariM at hsogih kdet rw"i.
42 beih zat qwh gM el rw"i )leil herh 32(, whri hgm' mqwh el rb hona mdoe whgoi igzoz wiqno bwinoi hwM oqwh kicd winoi hwM potr at beiit mchb"e. lbel hhwlmh aiN zh qwh, whri hgoi gzl at hqrqe olkN hsogih kll la eosqt bmchb"e. orah brodi, chr 821 herh 65: “rw"i
dkx
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
jhk
ptroN lbeih zat nmca bdbri hri"d:52
iw lomr hika amrinN mcoh hbah bebirh, hni mili biaow lbdo ohdbr eomd beino bid hgzlN abl aM iw bo winoi rwot aiN hebirh bido. ai nmi aM iw bo winoi mewh, kiooN wnwtnh mkmot whih opniM xdwot bao lkaN kgzl dmiM oqnh bhM sokh ololb dmi okwiriN, otqnt hwbiM kwinoi mewh ewaoh xkmiM.
hri"d mbar wwinoi rwot potr at beiit mchb"e, mwoM wla hoa ebr at hebirh. bnosP lkK, aP wlaxr qniiN iwno lpsol mchb"e, winoi mewh potr at hbeih, mkiooN whebirh newth kbikol bxpC axr.
nosx rbino xnnal
rbino xnnal 62 kotb el sogiitno kK:
]a[ lolb hgzol ohibw ko' oaoqimna hibw mwoM dbeinN hdr olika. gzol nmi bioM job rawoN ktib lkM, ohai lao wlkM. obwar himiM nmi lpni iaow dha aino wlkM, laxr iaow mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wnamr ki ani h' aohb oko'.
]b[ atmr nmi amr r' asi ibw psol lpi waino hdr gzol psol mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh.
]g[ or' icxq plig oamr hni mili bioM job rawoN abl mwni oailK, mtoK wioca blolb waol ioca nmi bgzol axr iaow.
]d[ mitibi el r' icxq mmtni' dqtni lolb hgzol ohibw psol, odiiqinN minh gzol psol ha waol kwr owaol kwr la mwkxt bioM job rawoN dha bhdia ktib lkM dlmeoji api' hwaol ala mwni oailK hwaol kwr oapilo hki hgzol psol.
potr qowi zh bjenh waiN hmcoh nxwbt bah bebirh mzooit raiito wl mi wqonh at hhdsiM mN haoonkri, mkiooN whoa la ebr bkK kl ebirh. iitkN wpirw at hwalot wbhmwK hsogia oliqnioh bwinoi mewh oliqnioh bwinoi hwM kmtiixsot aP hN lhdsiM wla noedo lwimowM wl haoonkri ala wl axriM hqoniM mhM.” biaoro wl brodi qwh bsogih whri hsogih memidh whhdsiM ncrkiM lwimowM hecmi wl haonkri. akN, codq brodi wbmqrh wl sokh gzolh )wla qnh at hsokh whri qrqe ainh ngzlt( criK lhemid zat wadM axr mwtmw ola hgzlN okN mprw bel hhwlmh bsogiit sokh gzolh. tospot l e"b, d"h “oliqnioh” mqwh: “oa"t ha dpriK hka lqninho bwinoi hwM tqwi lih amtni' dlolb hgzol.” walt tospot ainh el wijt wmoal , whri lwijto apwr wmdobr lpni iiaow oaP lr' ioxnN aiN qowi whri ediiN psol mwoM mchb"e. nrah wwijt htospot hia wwinoi hwM potr at beiit mchb"e. oakN tospot l e"a, d"h “ha” sobriM wlaxr qniiN aiN mchb"e kioN waiN elio wM gzol. biaor zh aino mtaiM bdet hgaoN, whri sobr wgM aM iiaow qonh ediiN iw lbeiit mchb"e.
52 psqi hri"d el mskt sokh )mhdort id hrb hrcog ]irowliM: hocat mkoN htlmod hiwrali hwlM, twk"o[ em' tqk(.
62 pirowi rbino xnnal br xowial lmskt sokh )mhdort solobic'iq–mcgr ]irowliM: hocat mkoN lb wmx, twn"d[ em' no–nz(.
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
]h[ omwni rb awi mtni' leolM bioM rawoN oaicjriK sd"a waol odai lao didih ala gM gzol aima stM gzilh diiaow beliM hia oqniih biaow odidih hoa qm"l dla kdamr r' xiia laonkri…
nbrr txilh at pirowo wl r"x lsogih, omtoK hbnt pirowo nnsh lwxzr at hnosx wemd lpnio bsogih.
r"x kotb bdet r' ioxnN wbwar himiM lpni iiaow psol mwoM lkM olaxr iiaow mwoM mchb"e )xlq a(. r"x xozr el wijh zat gM bhmwK hsogih, oldbrio r' icxq mkwir bwar imiM lolb gzol rq laxr iiaow )xlq g(, okpi hnrah sobr wlpni iiaow psol mwoM lkM. wijh zat wl r"x bsogih meorrt qowi gdol, whri sogiitno mbxinh biN io"j rawoN lio"j wni wbio"j rawoN psol mwoM lkM obwar himiM nxlqo hamoraiM haM psol mwoM mchb"e. olpirowo wl r"x, lkaorh, aiN mqoM lhbxN biN io"j rawoN lio"j wni.72 itirh mkK, r' icxq bsogiitno sobr wbio"j wni mtoK wioca bwaol ioca bgzol, olpirowo wl r"x hri gM bio"j wni beinN lkM okicd ioca bwaol.82
nrah, wwijt r"x hia wdiN lkM aino rq bioM rawoN ala bkl himiM. aK iwno xiloq biN ioM rawoN lwar himiM. bioM hrawoN criK lkM baopN moxlj olkN api' waol psol okmobN waP gzol psol. bnosP lkK, gzol psol biN lpni iiaow biN laxr iiaow mkiooN wgM laxr iiaow ediiN la qnh at hlolb. aK bwar himiM wnjilt hlolb hia rq mtqnt rib"z, gzol psol rq lpni iiaow aK bwaol ao bgzol laxr iiaow kwr kiooN waiN corK blkM baopN moxlj.92
laxr wbiarno at pirowo wl r"x, iw lhbiN kicd r"x mtmodd eM hsogih whri mhsogih eolh wdiN lkM hoa rq bio"j rawoN. htwobh lwalh zat jmonh bnosx wemd lpni r"x bsogih.
72 rah hmgih el r"x bdpos oilna wmqwh: “hdbr tmoh dha bio"j wni la bei lkM rq hjeM mwoM mchb"e oaoli daizh j"s npl bkaN oc"e.”
82 hmhdir bmhdort solobic'iq–mcgr em' no herh 2 mcie wldet r"x gM bioM rawoN laxr iiaow hpsol hoa mwoM mchb"e. hceh zat ainh mtaimh lsogiitno wsobrt wiw xiloq biN io"j rawoN lwni. bnosP lkK, mpirow zh eolh wr' icxq modh bio"j rawoN wpsol mwoM mchb"e, olkN psol bio"j rawoN aP laxr iiaow okwijt tospot d"h “mtoK” )l e"a( waP r' icxq modh wpsol mwoM mchb"e bdaoriita. aK biaor zh qwh whri bmidh or' icxq sobr wbdaoriita psol mwoM mchb"e olkN psol aP laxr iiaow, a"k walt rb nxmN br icxq ainh walh, whri gzol psol aP laxr iiaow ola mwoM lkM )iw lciiN, wel tospot aiN zh qwh whri sobriM wlaxr wqnh aiN psol mwoM mchb"e, owla kbiaor r' abrhM di bojN blxM mwnh el rmb"M, mwnh torh, hlkot lolb p"z h"a oakm"l(. biaor nosP mbia wM bherh 5, wbio"j wni psol mwoM mchb"e, olr' ioxnN aP laxr iiaow psol mwoM mchb"e kiooN wla qonh biiaow, oailo lr' icxq laxr iiaow aino psol mwoM mchb"e aP wla qnh. aK biaor zh qwh, whri r"x mbar wbio"j wni psol lpni iiaow mwoM lkM ola mwoM mchb"e.
92 rah lhlN lid herh 05 mh whbano bwM pirow qdmoN mdoe bwar imiM mspiq iiaow el aP waino qonh bgzilh. lbiaorno br"x criK lhnix wdiN lkM nohg bmqdw kl wbeh, olkN nohg laxr htqnh gM bgboliN aM ki baopN xlqi. rob hrawoniM lsogiitno sobriM wgM bmqdw diN lkM nhg rq bioM rawoN. aK tospot kj e"b, d"h “beinN” sobriM wkl hdiniM nhgo bmqdw kl wbeh aK htqnh hiith rq el eiqr hlqixh olkN bgzol oxsr la tqno ei"w. iw lciiN, wmhmwnh lhlN ma e"b mwme wdiN lkM hoa rq bioM rawoN, whri hbbli md e"a memid mwnh zat bzmN wbihm"q qiiM orah tospot rbi eqibh aigr el hmwniot obaocr mprwi htlmod em' tmz oakm"l.
oki
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
nrah, wacl r"x hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow la wna laxr iaow bwlma…” mosb el lolb kpi wnmca acl hgaoniM. aK bwonh mhgaoniM, acl r"x mwpj zh mosb el io"j wni. prj nosP weolh mpirowo wl r"x whoa aino mzkir at hraih lmchb"e mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol. aM nkoniM dbrino azi alo wlbi hsogih acl r"x:
a. lolb hgzol psol biN bio"j rawoN biN bio"j wni. bio"j rawoN mwoM lkM oel io"j wni qwh.03
b. r' ioxnN mwib wlolb hgzol psol mwoM mchb"e.
g. hsogih mbart wlpni iiaow psol mwoM lkM oailo laxr iiaow psol mwoM mchb"e.
d. r' ioxnN mbia raih ldbrio mhpsoq ki ani h' aohb mwpj wona gzl.
heolh mkaN, whmwpj “la wna lpni iiaow…” mosb el lolb bio"j wni oa"k nkonh msqnto wl r"x wbio"j wni hlolb psol mwoM lkM.
hixs biN nosx hgaoniM lnosx r"x
bwni hseipiM hqodmiM hcgno at nosx hsogih lpi hgaoniM olpi r"x. nemod ket el hixs biN nosxiM alo. hthootN wl hnosxiM wlpnino ainh pwojh, omeorrt hia wob at walt hisod bmxqr hpilologi haM lpnino erikh axrt,13 meiN “tlmod axr,” wni xiboriM awr hilko zh lcd zh ao wma wibowiM ohghot waireo bmhlK hmsirh obtqoph maoxrt laoto qo erikh emoM.23
bmqrh wlpnino iwnN abni isod mwotpot bwti hsogiot. eiqr hwinoi mtmch bwni hbdliM mrkziiM:
a. hraih lmchb"e mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol… ainh nmcat bnosx r"x.
b. miqomo omwmeoto wl hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN la wna io"j wni.” btlmodM wl hgaoniM mwpj zh hoa hmsqnh hmtbqwt ohtocah mkK wlolb hgzol psol mwoM mchb"e. bsogiito wl r"x mwpj zh mwmw ksibh lkK wr' ioxnN mbar at psol lolb hgzol mwoM mchb"e.
hwinoi wlpnino hoa winoi bwld hsogih dhiino sogih wmrkibih wooiM aK hqwriM binihM woniM. aiN mdobr bsidor grida wl hmrkibiM, ala bwinoi mhoti bwld wiw
03 r"x aino mcig at hdbriM bmporw kwalh. aK mkK wmzkir wibw psol mwoM hdr, lmrot wbmwnh psol ibw mopie laxr psol gzol, nrah wsogiito ptxh ohsiqh mhmwnh whpsoliM hM biN bio"j rawoN biN bio"j wni ombart msqnh zat bixs lpsoli hmwnh. olpi"z akN qwh el lolb hgzol bio"j wni.
13 hbxnh zat mbosst el dbrio hmporsmiM wl ieqb nxoM apwjiiN, mboa lnosx hmwnh )irowliM: hocat magns, tw"s( 1: “xilopi nosxaot )netnairaV(– xilopiM hnopliM bspr e"i jeoiot bmsirto wbktb owbel ph. xilopi lwonot– ‘pniM axrot' )nenoisreV( wl htokN, zat aomrt eibod wl ‘spr' idoe e"i ‘tna' axr.”
23 rah aliezr wmwoN roznjl, “toldot hnosx obeiot erikh bxqr htlmod hbbli,” trbiC nz )twm"x( 3 )lhlN: roznjl, “toldot”(: “ed hikN mgie txomh wl herikh omniiN mtxil zh wl hnosh oqorotio ?”
aizk
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
lo hwlkh el hbnt hsogih. kmo kN, xsr mrkib axd bsogiit r"x. haM lpnino erikh axrt omho aoto mewh erikh ? apwjiiN 33 sobr wwinoiiM meiN alo bsprot hgaoniM miicgiM erikh axrt wl htlmod hbbli. brodi 43 joeN kngd apwjiiN wmewh herikh bicirt htlmod hbbli hino bhrkbt merkot msogiot boddot. ldeto, herikh wbtoK hsogih hboddt wiikt l“nisox” ola l“erikh.” olkN qobe brodi: “aM ano roaiM at mapiini htlmod bbxirt abni isod msoimot, wilobN bsogiot, osidor hsogiot brcP hgioni, hri wwld zh nwmr kmej bwlmoto bkl edi hnosx wbidino, koll qjei hgnizh osprot hgaoniM.” 53 brodi mbar xilopiM alo waiN ltlotM berikh axrt ala btxoM hbiniiM wbiN herikh mcd axd ohetqh mcd wni dhiino bwlb hmsirh wbe"p. bwlb zh hjqsj womr el xiot mrobh iotr, olkN mjowjwt iotr hhbxnh biN hjqsj lpirow. kmo kN, xdro ltokh msorot aljrnjibiot wrooxo bqrb hlomdiM ohmosriM.63
m"m, biN ldet brodi obiN ldet apwjiiN mdobr el msorot wonot waiN lhkrie binihN ala hthoo zo lcd zo. lgbi hospt wlbiM nospiM bsogih, ldet apwjiiN mdobr berikh axrt oailo ldet brodi mdobr bpirow wxdr ljqsj.
aK meioN memiq bnosxih wl sogiitno, nrah wlpnino hghh maoxrt ola wti grsaot whilko zo bcd zo. nosx r"x meorr qowi rb, whri mtxilt hsogih nrah wbio"j wni aiN diN lkM oailo bhmwkh mtbrr wbgzol lpni iiaow gM bio"j wni iwno diN lkM. mhlK zh wl hsogih corM mad oaino nrah kmhlK jbei wl hsogih, nopK mlakotiot aopP mhlK zh. beih zat hobilh lqowi rb bsogih, ondrwno lxlq biN diN lkM wbio"j rawoN ldiN lkM wbio"j wni, xiloq waiN lo zkr bsogiitno ohoa mpirotio wl nosx tmoh zh.
itirh mzat, pirow zh wl r"x meorr qowi rb bhmwK hsogih. mpwjot dbri r' icxq eolh wbio"j wni lolb hgzol kwr mkiooN waiN psol wl mchb"e. aK mkiooN wlpirowo wl r"x bio"j wni lpni iiaow psol mwoM lkM nalC r"x lhemid at dbri r' icxq rq laxr iiaow. mlbd zat waiN zh pwj dbri r' icxq, pirow zh meorr wni qwiiM:
a. rb nxmN br icxq mdiiq mhmwnh wgzol psol bio"j wni omqwh mdioq zh el r' icxq. lpirowo wl r"x aiN zh qwh whri gM ldet r' icxq lolb hgzol psol bio"j wni.73
b. rb awi 83 mtrC at walt rnb"i whmwnh nqjh gzol lhwmieno wstM gzilh aino iiaow beliM. dhiino kl eod ainno iodeiM whbeliM htiiaw mhgzilh hgzlN la qnh aoth.
33 rah ieqb nxoM apwjiiN, “wridi wailtot,” trbiC o )trc"h( 064: “hspr hbbli hzh, hrawoN waxri htlmod, xwob hrbh lxqr htlmod hbbli, mqorotio, sidoro haxroN, nosxaotio opirowo, la mpni wiw bo kmh ‘nosxaot’ jobot okmh pirowiM nkoniM, ala biixod mpni wkmh m‘nosxaotio’ ainM kll ‘nosxaot’ wl htlmod hbbli wlno, ala qdomot lerikto haxronh wl htlmod, okmh mlwonotio ainM ala miN ‘liwna axrina’ omsort axrt.”
43 rah brodi, “sprot,” 452–552. orah mh wktb el kK mwh bnobiC, “wni enpi hnosx wl prq wboeot wtiM btra bbbli,” sidra i )twn"d( 6 herh 8.
53 brodi, “sprot,” 652. 63 brodi, “sprot,” 672–182. 73 hmhdir bmhdort solobic'iq–mcgr em' nz herh 6 ndxq lprw whmwnh eosqt biN lpni iiaow biN
laxr iiaow. 83 kK hgrsh bkl kh"i wla kdposiM wgorsiM “rba.”
xkbi
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
jk gi
mtiroC zh mwme waM hbeliM htiiaw azi qnh hgzlN at hgzilh.93 msqnh zat ainh eolh bqnh axd eM pirowo wl r"x, whri aliba dr"x bio"j rawoN psol hlolb gM laxr iiaow kiooN wla qnh at hlolb. lbeih zat ptroN bnosx r"x. r"x gors btiroC rb awi: “aima stM gzilh diiaow beliM hia oqniih biiaow odidih hoa.” wni winoiiM iw bnosx zh mhnosx wlpnino. rawit, hgrsh “diaow,” ownit hospt hmiliM “oqniih biaow.” lnosx zh hxidow hoa wae"p wstM gzilh iiaow beliM oa"k iw iiaow, m"m la qnh kiooN wiiaow aino qonh. nosx zh mtaiM lpirowo wl r"x wiiaow aino qonh. aK gM nosx zh corM omsorbl, whri aM hxidow hoa wiiaow aino qonh mh eniiN hdiN bstM gzilh lkaN. iw lciiN, wnosx r"x wonh beod prj mhnosx wlpnino wiw bo kdi lhdgiw at pirowo hwonh btiroco wl rb awi. r"x aino gors bsogih hbah “amr lho rb hona lhnho aoonkri,” ala “kdamr.” 04 winoi zh hoa bel mwmeot rbh, kiooN weolh mmno whmewh brb hona msiie lnamr kaN. lgrst r"x bsogih hdbriM broriM, whri hxidow bmwnt lolb hgzol hoa wiiaow aino qonh, diN zh eolh gM mhmewh brb hona wmcriK winoi nosP lbd mhiiaow.
nskM onamr, nosx opirow r"x bsogih ainM mwqpiM sogih jbeit, zormt belt mhlK pwoj. kicd a"k nocr nosx zh ? ao bmiliM axrot, bmidh ohnosx hmqori hoa nosx hgaoniM mdoe hih corK lwnoto olicor sogih rbt nptoliM ?
nrah, whtwobh lwalh zat jmonh bqwiiM whelno bnosx hgaoniM. kpi wktbno, mnosx hgaoniM eolh wiiaow qonh. msqnh zat mnogdt ldet r' ioxnN wsobr wiiaow aino qonh. kmo kN, mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol… lomd eola wiiaow aino qonh oqwh kicd r' ioxnN oeola lomdiM mpsoq zh at wni hdiniM. nrah wnosx r"x ba lptor at hqwiiM whelno bsogiit hgaoniM. lmrot kl hqwiiM ohnptoliM bsogiito wl r"x eolh mmnh itroN msoiM msogiit hgaoniM. aliba dsogih zo iiaow aino qonh, whri bio"j rawoN gM laxr iiaow lolb hgzol psol mwoM lkM. bnosP lkK, r"x aino gors at hlimod mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol.14
bmidh onkoniM dbrino, nrah wnosx r"x nocr kdi whsogih tsbor wiiaow aino qonh. wni qwiiM emdo lpni iocri nosx zh: hlimod mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol ohmwpj “la wna lpni iaow la wna laxr iiaow.” at hbeih mhlimod ptro hgrsniM e"i mxiqto mnosx htlmod. kdi lptor at hbeih bmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” hebiro hgrsniM at hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN” ltxilt hsogih. hebrh zat hsbh at hmwpj “la wna lpni iiaow…” el io"j wni oa"k gM bio"j wni psol mwoM lkM, oailo bio"j rawoN gM laxr iiaow psol mwoM lkM mkiooN wiiaow aino qonh. beqbot winoiiM alo nalco hgrsniM lwnot gM at hnosx btiroco wl rb awi kpi wbarno.
nmcino lmdiM, weiqro wl hwinoi hoa bhebrt hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN…” ltxilt hsogih. aK aiN mdobr bhebrh jknit grida ala mwpj zh qibl tpqid wonh
93 rah rw"i wmprw “qm"l ded dwmeinN daiiaw la qni lih.” 04 lhorath wl lwoN zat rah: fo noitatiC eht ni ed ah ik alumroF fo esU ehT“ ,lageS enroL rezeilE
812–991 )9791( 05 ACUH ”,dumlaT nainolybaB eht ni sesaC. 14 ediiN iw lhqwot kicd eola lomd mpsoq zh wlaxr iiaow aino qonh hri apwr wpsol mwoM
mchb"e. aK el walh zat nitN lhwib wmchb"e ainh poslt laxr whgzlN qnh at hxpC )rah leil herh 42( olkN mokx mpsoq zh wiiaow aino qonh.
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
bsogih. bsogiit hgaoniM mwpj zh hoa htocah mmchb"e, oailo acl nosx r"x mwpj zh hoa hsibh ldbri r' ioxnN.24
miqomo hxdw wl mwpj zh nmca bkl edi hnosx wlpnino oncig txilh at nosx wlb zh bsogih:
qa psiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna bioM job wini bwlma ibw hdr benN hdr olika ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN dktib lkM mwlkM ala bioM job wini )bwlm'( mai jema la
qje zh bsogih mla xilopiM krimoN, ntoN hmxwid at hqje kmaoxr.34 aK mebr lgrsaot hwonot eorr qje zh qwiiM acl hrawoniM )lqwiiM alo hwlkot mwmeotiot el hlkot arbet hminiM(:
a. hsogih potxt bkK whmwnh la xilqh biN io"j rawoN lwni, olkN hpsoliM hmnoiiM bmwnh hM bkl himiM. aK hbbli lhlN lo e"b memid at hmwnh “niqb oxsr kl whoa psol” bio"j rawoN blbd.44
b. mhbbli lhlN lo e"b eolh wpsol hdr hoa rq bio"j rawoN oailo sogiitno noqjt bpwjot wpsol hdr hoa kl wbeh.54
24 rah morl, “sogiot,” kb wsobr wlpnino wti msorot: msort hgaoniM wlpih msiqiM mdbri r' ioxnN at txolt hdiN bmwnh, omsort wlno wbeqbot hmsqnh heolh mhmwnh amr r' ioxnN at dbrio. morl wM aino mtiixs lgrst r"x ala lgrsh wlpnino wbh hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” mosb el qorbN )nesoq bhmwK bgrsh zat(. morl kotb el grsh zat: “agb, iw lwiM lb lkK whbijoi la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow idoe hih lbel sogiit lolb hgzol btlmod, abl la hwtmw bo bkll leniinno )aoli mpni whwliM kdrko biN wni hnimoqiM(, ohsb aoto el qorbN hgzol.” morl aino mtiixs lpirow r"x olgrsh heolh mmno, aK mzkir bherh 35 at grst ki"m ohra"h )ntiixs alihM bhmwK( wgorsiM “lpni iaow lkM.” morl kotb wiw bgrsaot alo rmz lkK wheniiN mosb beiqro el lolb )nrah wmtkooN wlpnino grst klaiiM(, aK msiiM: “abl iitkN iotr waiN kaN ala wibow.” morl sobr wlpnino wti msorot woot erK, oaoli aP hmsort wbtlmod wlno mwokllt iotr. emdh zat qwh mad lholmh, la nrah wapwr lbjl bmxi id grsh zat wkpi whokxno hia grst r"x bjenh whia grst klaiiM. kmo kN, kpi wnrah bhmwK iw lgrsh zat xbriM rbiM, olkN nrah wiw kaN msort nosx ecmait wiw lbar at hthooth. oa"k kpi whceno bgrst r"x, la wti msorot lpnino ki aM winoi nosx wnoed lwnot at mwmeot hsogih )lgbi hthoot msort hnosx btlmod wlno nktob bhmwK(.
34 at xilopi hgrsh rah bmhdorh hsinopjit hmcorpt bsoP hmamr )la ciinti alihM kaN mkiooN waiN bhM kdi lwnot at toko wl hqje(. orah wma ihodh pridmN, “prq hawh rbh bciroP mba klli el drK xqr hsogih,” mxqriM omqorot a )twl"x( 603: “kkl wiw iotr winoii girsa bqje msoiM iw rgliM ldbr waoto qje maoxr ixsit lhqwr bo nmca.” aK rah brodi, “sprot,” 282.
44 rah tospot kj e"b, d"h “qpsiq” wmqwh zat okN hoa bwar hrawoniM el atr. iw lciiN, wr' icxq bsogiitno memid at hmwnh bio"j rawoN oaiN hoa mtmodd kll eM hwalh “qpsiq otni…” orah mhrw"a bsogitno obxi' hric"d lo e"b.
54 hrab"d bspro lolb hgdol )mhdort i' khN ]irowliM: hocat aocr hposqiM, twn"h[ em' la( mqwh: “abl bwar pisoli kolho bioM rawoN hoa dpsili ]…[ kdamrinN batrog xsr ]…[ oai qwia lK ha daqwinN bgm' bwlma ibw hdr beinN ]…[ alma bkolho iomi bei hdr.” iw lciiN wmwpj zh hoa bel npq"m gdolh lhlkh oiwnM rawoniM wbeqbotio pslo hdr kl wbeh; rah tospot d"h “beinN,” oleomtM rah rmb"M hl' lolb p"x h"j.
ldi
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
g. birowlmi sokh g, o )ng e"d( moba: “r' icxq br nxmN bwM wmoal kl hpsoliN ainM posliN ala bioM job hrawoN blbd.” 64 oa"k psoli hdr ainM psoliM kl wbeh.
hqwiiM whcgno leil nobeiM mmiqomo hxdw wl hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN.” mwpj zh qibl mwmeot wl sibh ldbri r' ioxnN, olkN elh mmno wmhmwnh mokx whpsoliM hM biN bio"j rawoN biN bio"j wni. lgrst hgaoniM, qwiiM alo ainM qiimiM kiooN wmwpj zh hoa msqnh mdbri r' ioxnN oaino nobe mhmwnh.
grst r"x nmcat gM bspr heijor:74
ololb hgzol ohibw psol qa psiq otni l"w bio"j rawoN l"w bio"j wni bwlma ibw beinN hdr ]…[ ala gzol bio"j wni m"j a"l mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh oapi' laxr iiaow amai ha qniih ala mwoM dho"l mcoh hbah bebirh.
bdomh lgrst r"x gM bgrst heijor hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” mosb el lolb hgzol.84 bnosP lkK, heijor la mbia at hraih mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol.94
hdrwh mmlaki omqomh bmsort hnosx
mheioN bnosx hsogih ed eth eolh wbnosx r"x nwtnh miqomo wl hmwpj “la wna lio"j rawoN…,” okN whxsiro bo at hdrwh mmlaki. hbano at nosx r"x mol hgaoniM kiooN wbpirowo modgwt heobdh whsogih sobrt wiiaow aino qonh. aK kpi wnrah bseiP zh iwno wlb biniiM bhwtlwlot hnosx mhgaoniM lr"x. lnosx zh, gorsiM amnM at hmwpj “la wna io"j…” btxilt hsogih oat hmwpj “la wna lpni iiaow” el lolb aK gorsiM gM at hdrwh mmlaki.
bpirow qdmoN 05 kotb el sogiitno kK:
64 tospot kj e"b, d"h “qpsiq” memidiM at dbri hirowlmi el xzzit aK ediiN mtqwiM mwoM wxzzit psolh mwoM hdr. orah ra"w si' jo wkotb: “ao wma hirowlmi plig agmra didN osbr dapilo bhdr la mipsil ala bio"j rawoN.”
74 spr heijor )mhdort m' brncqi ]nio–iorq: haqdmih hamriqait lmdei hihdot, 5591[ em' 771(. 84 bhmwK dbrio heijor doxh at diN mchb"e mkK whsogih mkwirh sokh kawr gzl leciM. heijor
mqwh el hposqiM wmchb"e poslt hri iw diN mchb"e gM laxr wqnh kpi wnamr lgbi lolb waP laxr iiaow wqnh psol mwoM mchb"e oa"k mdoe sokh wgzl ecih kwrh. ohnh lwijt r"x aiN zh qwh whri la qnh biiaow olkN psol mwoM mchb"e, oapwr wheijor hediP lhidxq olprw at hmwpj “la wna lpni iiaow” el io"j rawoN ola lhidxq wgM bio"j wni psol mwoM lkM. grst r"x nmcat gM bwboli hlqj )mhdort w' bobr ]oilna: hocat halmnh ohaxiM raM trm"z[ em' qnx( omprw zat el lolb: “lolb hgzol ohibw psol ]…[ okdmprw jema lpni iaow psol dlkM beinN olao didih hoa laxr iaow psol dhoi lih mcoh hbah bebirh.”
94 aiN kaN edot mporwt wla grs at hpsoq mmlaki, kiooN wheijor aino mbia gM at hraih mhpsoq ki ani h' wona gzl beolh.
05 pirow zh ndps bwM “qje mpirow qdmoN” bsoP pirow rbino abrhM mN hhr lmskt sokh )mhdort m"i bloi ]nio–iorq: hocat hmhdir, twl"h[ em' wjz(. okN ndps e"i: iqotial khN, “pirow qdoM lmskt sokh,” morih 71 )tw"N( ko–kz. orah bem' ka wkhN sobr wpirow zh nktb btqopto wl r"x, oiwnM aP simniM hmcbieiM el qdimoto. hoa mzhh at kotb hpirow kbN qirooaN. qje zh hoa eotq bodd wnwtmr bgnizh hqhirit oel glgolio rah em' ka–kb. ljibo wl pirow zh rah aliho solobic'iq, “el pirow qdmoN lmskt sokh,” cponot ix )twn"g( j–id.
ojal
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
]a[ lolb hgzol ohibw psol kol', qa psiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna bioM job wini, gzol, bwlma ioM job rawoN benN lkM mwlkM, dkt' olqxtM lkM, ala bioM job wini mai jem' psol.
]b[ opwjinN mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh, wn' ohbatM gzol ogo', gzol domia lpisx, mh pisx aiN lo tqnh aP gzol nmi dlit lih tqnta.
]g[ lpikK psiq otni psol la wna lpni iiaow ola wna laxr iiaow. pi' waM mca adM kis bdrK owme axr kK qol hkrzh mi wmca kis zh, iqra lpni iaow oxiib lhxzirh, oaM axr hhkrzh mcah oaxr wntiaw bh hbel hotr lmoca hmciah.
]d[ bwlma lpni iiaow olqxtM lkM mwlkM amr rxmna, ozat hmciah wlpni iiaow lao didih hia, ala laxr iaow kbr qniih iaow olmh psiq otani psol, opwjinN mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wm' min'. oeiqr zh hhlkh eiiN bbba qma bprq mrobh am' rbh winoi qonh ktibh kol'.
hnosx hmwtqP mpirow zh domh lnosx r"x. bwni hnosxiM hsogih potxt bmsqnh mhmwnh “la wna io"j rawoN…” )xlq a(. kmo kN, bwnihM hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow…” mosb el lolb hgzol )xlq g o–d(. hwoni wbiN wni hnosxiM hoa wbpirow zh mobat hraih lmchb"e mhpsoq ohbatM at hgzol… )xlq b(.
iw lciiN at pirowo hmptie lmwpj “la wna lpni iaow.” hoa mprw mwpj zh kmtiixs lmciah wiiaow qonh bh. pirow zh tmoh mad, whri blolb hgzol esqinN omh eniiN mciah lkaN. aK laor mh wbarno bnosx r"x hdbriM broriM. nosx zh eorr beih whri bio"j rawoN psol mwoM lkM gM laxr iiaow oailo bio"j wni psol mwoM lkM rq lpni iiaow. biaor heniiN hoa wbio"j wni wnjilt hlolb bo hia rq mwoM tqnh, hstpqo biiaow lhixwb lkM whri iiaow moeil bmciah.
bglioN ktb hid wl pirow zh mopieiM dbriM mporwiM kpirow r"x. bglioN mopie kK: “ohni milta bioM job hrawoN biN lpni iaow biN laxr iaow la ica, bioM job wni axr iaow motr lpni iaow asor.” dbriM alo namro kpi hnrah ldet r' icxq bsogih ohM mmw kpirow r"x bsogiitno. lpirow zh mboar wbio"j wni lpni iaow psol mwoM lkM. kmo kN, gors pirow zh bhmwK hsogih “kdamr lho rb hona.” kpi wbarno acl r"x grsh zat mblijh wtiroco wl rb awi hoa whxidow bmwnh hoa wiiaow la qonh.
nmcino lmdiM, wtxilto wl hwinoi mgrst hgaoniM htmqd bmwpj “la wna io"j,” 15 laxr mkN hxsiro aP at hdrwh mmlaki. edot nospt lmxiqt hdrwh mmlaki nmcat acl rawoni sprd. hrijb"a 25 kotb el sogiitno:
oaika nosxi doqani dgrsi ala bio"j wni amai amr r' ioxnN mwoM rwb"i mwoM dh"l mcoh hbah bebirh dktib ki ani h' wona gzl mwl lmlK b"o, ohai nosxa diiqa jpi dodai psolh dmcoh hbah bebirh mwona gzl beolh npqa ohhoa qra dohbatM gzol at hpsx liaow waino qonh mcjriK kdhtM, ozh nkoN obror oaiN bo bit mixow.35
15 lgbi hqowi bdrwh mmlaki apwr witrco zat kpi whrawoniM el atr tirco; rah lhlN lid herh 95. 25 xidowi hrijb"a lmskt sokh )mhdort a' likjnwjiiN ]irowliM: hocat mosd hrb qoq, twl"h[ em' rph(. 35 grsh zat mopieh kbr acl hra"h rbo wl hrijb"a aK hlwoN wM mwobwt.
blzj
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
nosx zh aino gors at hraih mhpsoq ohbatM… kpi wraino gM bnosx r"x. aK nosx zh coed ced nosP oaino gors gM at hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow.” 45 lnosx zh aiN corK lhidxq kpi wndxqno bpirow hsogih aliba dr"x. kmo kN, lnosx zh aiN qowi mdet r' ioxnN bb"q wsobr wiiaow la qonh kiooN wgM bsogiitno la mozkr wiiaow qonh.
hnosx hroox
kpi wraino nosx r"x grM lqowi rb bprwnot hsogih. beqbot kK, hgiho hmsrniM bsogiitno el mnt lhimne mpirowo hdxoq wl r"x bsogih.
hra"h 55 kotb el sogiitno kK:
ha damrinN lkM lao doqa dla awkxN lkM gbi qorbN, oaika lmimr dla bei lmimr dlkM ktib, ala kmi wamr wlkM amrh torh, damri' mqorbno ola hgzol. oaika dgrsi mkM amr rxmna…oaika nosxi dktib bho at qrbnkM wlkM.65
lpni hra"h emdh hgrsh lkM, whia kgrst r"x. aK hra"h aino mprw mwpj zh el lolb, kpi hnrah mwoM wbio"j wni aiN diN lkM. lkN, hra"h mprw mwpj zh el qorbN okbiaor hraih mhpsoq bmlaki. hra"h ndxq lprw at hgrsh lkM el qorbN, el aP wlpi pwojh hia mtiixst llolb.75 bhmwK dbrio mbia hra"h nosxiM axriM wbmqoM lkM gorsiM psoqiM hmtiixsiM bmporw lqorbN.85
45 bilqoj wmeoni, iweiho rmz tqd )ep"i dpos rawoN waloniqi rp"z(: “ani ii' aohb mwpj ]…[ wno rboti' lolb hgzol psol mai jema amr r' ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxai mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wnamr wona gzl.” hilqoj aino gors at hraih mmlaki okN aino gors at hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow.” aK hilqoj aino gors gM at hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN,” olkN nrah wmsdr hilqoj hbia rq at hxlqiM hagdiiM mN hsogih oaiN llmod mmno el nosx hsogih wemd lpnio. orah nx eminx, erikt msktot sokh omoed qjN )tl–abib: hocat aonibrsijt tl–abib, twm"j( 541 )lhlN: eminx, erikt( wkpi hnrah aiN kaN grsh axrt ala wgrs rq agdot mN htlmod.
55 xidowi hra"h lmskt sokh )mhdort i' hll ]irowliM: hocat ahbt wloM, tws"a[ em' qsg(. 65 hrijb"a gors lkM omqwh el kK whri drwinN lhocia at hmwomd. walh zat hia el hgrsh mkM
oa"k iwno wibow bdbri hrijb"a. obtospot d"h “ha” ktbo “oqrina bih lkM mwlkM” )okN hoa btospot ra"w( lmrot wgorsiM mkM, orah bhghot hb"x wmtqN zat.
75 rah ieqb ngN, “xg hsokot bmxwbt xz"l” )ebodt doqjor; irowliM: haonibrsijh hebrit, tws"d( 53–63 )lhlN ngN, “xg hsokot”( )= ieqb ngN, “arbet hminiM kqrbN bhlkh wl xz"l,” det 94 ]tws"b[ 31( wmbar at hgrsh lkM el qorbN: “mstbr lpi zh wkiooN wbel hsogih la hih criK lhqpid el hmqor hamiti lhlkh hoa hbia lh asmkta hmxzqt at hdmioN wbiN arbet hminiM lqrbnot.” nrah whrawoN whsb mwpj zh el qorbN hoa hri"c abN giat. hri"c abN giat )mhdort i' bmbrgr ]hocat i' zammer, pirjh trk"a[ em' q( mbia at hraih mhpsoq bmlaki ogors rq “la wna lpni iaow la wna laxr iaow” oto la. mgrsto wl ri"c abN giat aiN ldet haM mwpj zh mosb el lolb ao el qorbN, aK mwpj zh eM hpiroj nmca kbr bgaoniM onrah wmxq bgrsto at hpiroj kdi lhsb at hmwpj “la wna lpni iiaow” el qorbN. kmo kN, bhmwK dbrio mcjj ri"c abN giat, kdrko, at dbri hh"p ohh"g. aK bcijojo aino mbia at hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow,” mwoM wbsogiitM wl hgaoniM mwpj zh mtprw el lolb gM lla hpiroj, ei"w. iw lciiN, wbhmwK hsogih gors hri"c abN giat kr"x: “aima stM gzilh iaow beliM olqniih biaow qm"l.”
85 hpsoq wnmca brob hediM hoa mkM knrah eqb dmiono llkM. psoq zh eorr qowi acl hrawoniM mkiooN wncrK ldrwh axrt okpi wmeir hra"h: “oae"g daicjriK ldrwa dbxoliN driw lh lhocia at hmwomd wla bmqomo aino mqpid aM aino mkooN bdbr dmqrbno npqa.” meniiN lciiN wlaxr
zigl
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
wmwpj zh qibl at mwmeoto hxdwh hmtiixst lqorbN, xdr aP lnosxiM bdbri eola bb"q. hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow la wna laxr iaow” nmca bb"q bk"i minkN 59 obojiqN 611 aK lita bk"i hmborg oasqorial.
95 eiiN tospot l e"a d"h “ha,” okN bmlxmot h' lrmb"N, wo"t hrwb"a x"a si' ttqs"x, ra"h, ohrijb"a. 06 hrwb"a )gijiN nh e"b( kotb: “oai qwia lK ai iaow kdi la qni hiki mci mqdiw lih i"l kioN dwinoi
hwM ai nmi winoi rwot qni hqdwo oqniito baiN kaxd.” bel hmaor el sogiit b"q qid e"a xolq osobr dlm"d iaow kdi la qni la qnh hhqdw ei"w. okN brw"i bsogiitno mprw zat lm"d iiaow qonh oz"l: “oaP el gb dleniN mqno amrinN bb"q dqni lih biaow ohoi didih oapilo hki aqrobi lmzbx la,” ohwooh lr"a mN hhr: “oapilo ntiawo hbeliM oqnih hai biaow owinoi rwot.”
16 lbiaor zh qwh lwoN hgm' “ha qniih biaow.” tospot mwib el kK: “oiw spriM dgrsinN hka ha qniih oto la, oapilo grsinN biiaow iw lprw dhki qamr ha qniih biaow owinoi hwM.” hrmb"N bmlxmot h' kotb: “ola grsinN to kdktib bmqct nosxi bwlma lpni iaow oko' olitih bhlkot rb icxq bN giaot.” bwo"t hrwb"a x"a si' ttqs"x meir: “oiw moxqiN mN hgirsa hai lpni iaow oaxr iaow ola grsinN ala gzol domia dpisx mh pisx aiN lo tqnh aP gzol aiN lo tqnh kmo whoa bprq mrobh.”
26 bseiP hba nrah wgM bqjei hgnizh hmzrxiiM zho hnosx oaP bxlq mkh"i. orah m' sbto, “tgobh lmamro wl ahroN emit,” sidra ka )tws"o( 251 wdN bkliM hkret hgrsh bbbli: “qnh midh xiconi nosP hoa hnosx heolh medoiot hgaoniM.” orah eozial poqs, “hghotio wl rb haii gaoN btlmod,” btoK: abrhM riinr oemitiM, eorkiM, ta wme: mxqriM bmdei hihdot lzkro wl iwral m' ta wme )aloN wbot: hocat tbonot, twe"b( 616–626.
36 hgrsh hmoqwit ediph )roilicπid oitcel(. okpi wkotb r"t )spr hiwr, wo"t ]mhdort w' roznjl )brliN: dpos ciloM, trn"x( em' 57[(: “wtlmidiM hmgihiM ainM mgihiM dbriM wl timh'.” el xwiboto oedipoto wl kll zh bbiqort hnosx rah emnoal job, “qrijrioniM lherkt grsaot jqsjoaliot: hhgblot wl klliM qboeiM,” bit mqra 03 )twm"h( 211–231. job prsM mamr zh bwinoiiM bspro, biqort nosx hmqra )irowliM: hocat mosd bialiq, tw"N(. el hbeiitiot bkll zh rah ni esU sti dna msicitirC lautxeT fo eluR A : roilibaborP oitceL roiliciffiD“ ,nostkerblA litreB
81–5 )1891( 12 STO ”,seidutS tnematseT dlO.
nosx zh qnh wbith acl rob hrawoniM, oapwr lomr wzho hnosx hroox mkaN oailK. hoa ptr aomnM at hbeih bpirowo wl r"x. aK wob ccot oeolot hbeiot bsogih zat whri r' ioxnN sobr wiaow aino qonh okN kicd eola lomd mpsoq zh wiiaow aino qonh. rbiM mhrawoniM mcieiM ptroN lbeiot alo lpi nosx zh.95
ldbrihM, nitN lhqdiw at hqorbN laxr iiaow oa"k bnosP liiaow iwno winoi hwM.06 nmca a"k, wqorbN lit lih tqnta gM laxr iiaow owinoi hwM ae"p wqnh aoto,16 omkaN mokx wpsol mwoM mchb"e. aK ediiN iw lhqwot a"k kicd eola mokix mpsoq zh wiiaow aino qonh ohri hsibh hia mwoM mchb"e. el kK mwibiM hrawoniM wbmidh oiiaow hih qonh la hih npsl hqorbN mwoM mchb"e kiooN waiN lpsol mwoM mchb"e laxr qniiN.
nrah, bhstbrot gbohh mad, lhkrie wnosx zh hoa hnosx hmwni. rawit, bnosx hmzrxi kpi wmwtqP mhgaoniM, r"x, obpirow qdmoN hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow” mosb el lolb )grsh zat aP emdh lpni hra"h bsprd el aP wndxq lprwh el qorbN(.26 aK itirh mkK, grst r"x hia hgrsh hmoqwit bsogih.36 dhiino, bmidh onnix whgrsh hmqorit hia grst hrawoniM hn"l mdoe igiho aoth oisbo at hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow” el lolb, hri grsh zat moqwit oiocrt qwiiM rbiM bsogih. oaM
dlxi
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
jihl
46 neir el xiloP axd meniiN bhcgt hraih mmlaki. bkh"i htimniiM )tb( gorsiM “dlao br hrcah” )bmqoM “aiN lo tqnh”(. orah ngN, “xg hsokot,” 03–13. orah gM hwijh hmobat brijb"a lhlN herh 58 oakm"l.
56 aK bglioN kh"i mobat hgrsh “adM ki iqrib mkM.” oeiiN bdq"s, em' 98 aot x waino mqbl wpsoq zh mtiixs llolb olkN aomr wlgrsh zat mqrbno ao mqrbnkM driw. orah morl, “sogiot,” kb obherh 35 wnrah wsobr lgbi grst k"i minkN wlpnino grst klaiiM mmsort hgaoniM omsort wlno. aM ki, msiiM at dbrio lgbi grst k"i minkN “abl iitkN iotr waiN kaN ala wibow,” orah leil herh 24.
66 ltiaor hqjeiM rah poqs, “sokh,” nh–no, nx; wowjri, “sokh,” 02–12. 76 meioN bciloM wl hqje nitN lraot bbiror at haot lm"d, haotiot “kM” xcoiot. 86 grsh zat hia kpi hnrah hgrsh hrawonit lpni hpiroj; rah leil herh 21. nrah wlgrsh zat
hmwpj mosb el lolb olkN la hocrko lprj at hmqor mkiooN wmozkr kbr qodM lkN bsogih. 96 lxlq zh wl hsogih wni qjei gnizh: qiimbridg' 3.)1(1F S-T oaoqspord )12.1662(95/71.c.beH. 07 bdq"s, em' 09 aot c kotb el n: “onosxa mwobwt hia.”
rco lhgih kdi whsogih tsbor wiiaow aino qonh, hri hkl tloi bdrwh mmlaki oaM hwairoh la hoeilo bhghtM kloM oaM mxqo aoth lwM mh hwairo at hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow.” lkN, nrah wnosx zh hoa hmwni onosx hgaoniM onosx r"x qodmiM lo bhwtlwlot msort hnosx.
edi hnosx hiwiriM
nbxN at hmcb bediM hiwiriM lsogiitno. bkl ktbi hid gorsiM at hmwpj “la wna io"j rawoN…” kptixh lsogih oksibh ldbri r' ioxnN. kmo kN, gorsiM kolM at hraih lmchb"e mhpsoq bmlaki.46 lgbi hmwpj “la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow” mcano arbeh ediM wgorsiM bmporw kgrst r"x. b–m “bwlma lpni iaow am' rxmna lkM.” 56 ob–a “bwlm' lpni iaow lkM am' rxmna.” grsh zat nmcat gM bwlowh qjei gnizh wiw lsogiitno.66 bqje gnizh 3.)1(1F S–T “la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr >…< lkM mwlkM.” bqje gnizh 724.923 SN ST “oat hxolh >…< lkM 76 mwlkM.” bqje gnizh )12.1662(95/71.c.beH hgrsh hia: “la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow bwlma lpni iaow olqxtM lkM mwlkM.” bkh"i htimniiM )tb( la mozkr hpsoq ogorsiM “bwlma lpni iaow dlao didih hoa.” grsh zat ainh mbart haM mwpj zh mosb el lolb ao el qorbN.86
bwar hediM mwpj zh mosb el qorbN. b–o “adM ki iqrib mkM qrbN.” b–l “mkM mwlkM.” b–s “>…< ki iqrib mkM qrbN at qrbnkM.” b–n “at qrbnkM.” b–d “adM ki iqrib mkM.”
lgbi hgrsh btiroco wl rb awi lwalt rb nxmN br icxq: b–mold obqjei hgnizh 96 hgrsh hia “okdidih dmi” )bwinoiiM qliM(. b–san hgrsh hia “oliqniih biiaow.” b–tb lita. kh"i hsprdiiM mtaimiM kaN lnosx r"x. kh"i htimniiM ainM mbariM at hxidow onrah wgrsh zat hia hmqorit, obeqbot pirowo hmxodw wl r"x hih corK lhbhir at hxidow kngd pwj hsogih.
lgbi ptixt hsogih hbah, bkl kh"i gorsiM “amr lho rb…,” mlbd n wgors keiN grst r"x “ki ha dam'….” 07
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
lhthoot nosx hsogih
sogih zat ebrh drK arokh wl msirh aqjibit bmhlK hdorot. mrkibi hsogih wino at mqomM, tpqidM, omwmeotM oxlqM aP nxsro mmhlK hsogih. bbiror hnosx lsogih zat nisino lemod el hsibot whobilo lwinoiiM alo obkK lhair at drK hwtlwlot hnosx lsogih zat.
mhntoniM ohnitox whceno eolh htmonh hbah. nosx sogih zat rawito acl hgaoniM, edot nosx zat hia ixidait ola nwtmro mmnh edoiot nospot. txiltM wl winoii hnosx newo eod bmzrx.17 btxilh wino at miqomo wl hmwpj “la wna io"j” ltxilt hsogih. winoi zh heniq mwmeot wonh lmwpj “la wna lpni iaow.” mwmeot zat ptrh at hbeih hmrkzit bsogih ohia hstirh bdet r' ioxnN beniiN iiaow. lwinoi zh iwno xidow gdol ohoa mrxib bmqct at diN lkM lkl imi hsokot. nosx zh mcoi bqje mpirow mzrxi anonimi okN bmqct kh"i obwlowh qjei gnizh. nosx r"x zhh lmsort nosx zat bpirow mwpji h“la wna,” aK hoa mxq at hraih mmlaki weorrh qowi. lmxiqh zat mcano edoiot nospot acl rawoni sprd, aK aiN edot lkK bkh"i odomh wla howrwh bmsort hnosx. sopo wl thliK aire bmsirh hairopait wM qibl hmwpj hbeiiti “la wna lpni iaow” mwmeot xdwh ohosb el qorbN. mwmeot zat bah braw obrawonh lhimlj mhpirow hdxoq ohcorM bsogih lnosx r"x, aK agb kK e"i mwmeot xdwh zat tirco at hbeiot wiwnN bsogih.
lerikt hsogih
mbiror hnosx wl sogih zat elh whokxt r' ioxnN lmchb"e hia mhpsoq mmlaki. hokxh zat mbosst el kK wiiaow qonh olkN hqorbN psol laxr iiaow mwoM mchb"e.27 kpi wxzrno oamrno prj zh meorr qowi gdol, whri r' ioxnN sobr wiiaow aino qonh oa"k kicd mokix at diN mchb"e. laor hamor, nrah whokxh zat ainh mdbri r' ioxnN, ala eorK hsogih wsbor wiiaow qonh hebir aoth mb"q ohwtmw bh kdi lhokix at diN mchb"e.37 hebrh zat icrh stirh bdbri r' ioxnN mh whobil lwinoii hnosx bsogih.
17 hnjiih hjbeit hia lxlq biN msort mzrxit lawknzit, aK rah roznjl, “toldot,” 01 wmsiq whpicol lenpiM aino picol biN k"i awknziiM lsprdiM ao biN mzrx lmerb, ala nthooh kbr bmzrx ecmo. axt hraiot wlo hia mkK wkbr bgnizh miocgiM wni henpiM. gM mrdki sbto, ktb id timni lmskt snhdriN )bbli( omqomo bmsort hnosx )irowliM: hocat id icxq bN–cbi, twn"x( 333–733 msiq whhtplgot hisodit wbiN henP hroox lenP htimni aireh kbr bmzrx, ozat mwoM wbrob hcijojiM nosx r"x zhh lnosx hmsort hrooxt, orq bmieoj mqriM nosxo zhh lnosx htimni )agb prj zh wonh mmskt psxiM wlgbih hokix roznjl ki nosx k"i htimniiM zhh lnosx r"x(. lsikoM otiaor msqnot alo rah mrdki sbto, “bbli snhdriN ktbi id oenpi nosx,” btoK: sogiot bmxqr htlmod )irowliM: haqdmih hlaomit hiwralit lmdeiM, tws"a( 08–001.
27 hrawoniM wmbariM hokxh zat lwijh wiiaow aino qonh mokrxiM lsbor wlaxr qniiN aiN psol mchb"e kdi lbar at dbri eola bb"q. aK mnosx hgaoniM mokx wgM laxr qniiN iw psol mchb"e, whri gorsiM bmporw wlolb hgzol laxr iiaow psol mwoM mchb"e.
37 rah iwral borgnsqi, “mskt sokh wl tlmod bbli: mqorotih odrki erikth” )ebodt doqjor; rmt–
olk
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
akzl
aK ediiN iw lhqwot, mkiooN wr' ioxnN sobr wlolb hgzol psol mwoM mchb"e, kicd eola tlmido mokix mpsoq zh wiiaow aino qonh,47 hri apwr whqorbN psol mwoM mchb"e. nrah a"k, wdbri r' ioxnN ainM hlktiiM ala mtxoM hagdh. r' ioxnN aino ba lxdw hlkh ala ltt jeM mosri erki ldiN lkM wbgino lolb hgzol psol.57 eorK hsogih hoa wntN ldbri r' ioxnN toqP hlkti obeqbot kK hrxib at diN lolb hgzol mebr lpsol lkM.67 kdi ltt toqP hlkti ldbri r' ioxnN hebir heorK at hraih mmlaki mb"q oaP wM aotM bpio wl r' ioxnN.77
mcoh hbah bebirh omqomh beolM hhlkh htlmodi
bseiP hqodM hsqno wmcoh hbah bebirh bmqorh hinh jeM ohsbr lpsol lkM blolb hgzol oainh eomdt khlkh ecmait. hwerh zat elth beqbot hqwiiM heoliM mhsogih bmidh onsbor wr' ioxnN hoa wsobr wmcoh hbah bebirh hia sibt hpsol ola rq hjeM lhlkh. aomnM hrawoniM mtmoddiM eM qwiiM alh, aK mhnitox hpilologi elh wtirocihM ainM eomdiM bpni hbiqort. msqntno hiith weorK hsogih hmaoxr hoa wntN toqP hlkti ldiN mcoh hbah bebirh.
kdi lbxoN msqnh zat elino lbdoq at mqomh wl mcoh hbah bebirh btlmod bkll obdbri hamoraiM bprj. btlmod hbbli ano mocaiM eod wti hiqroiot 87 wl mcoh hbah bebirh onbxN aotN ket laor msqntno.
gN: aonibrsijt br ailN, twl"j( 254–454 )lhlN: borgnsqi, “sokh”( wmstbr wlpnino hebrt hdrwh mb"q, obel hsogih wlno hsobr iiaow qonh hwtmw bdrwt eola kdi lhsbir at heiqroN wl mchb"e. borgnsqi mbss hwerh zat biN hitr el kK wbilqo"w aino mbia at hdrwh mmlaki olkN hoa joeN: “iw lwer wailo hio wti hdrwot bsogiitno lpni bel hilqoj ao lpni hmqor wl bel hilqoj, la hih mwmij at hmqor heiqri ljeM hhlkh.” laor biror hnosx bsogiitno, nstrt jent borgnsqi, whri hnosx wmwmij at hraih mmlaki hoa dooqa hnosx hmaoxr wbeqbot hqwiiM wdrwh zat meorrt la grs aoth olkN aiN lhbia mhilqoj raih. bnosP lkK, kpi wktbno lgbi hilqoj apwr waiN zo hwmjh oaiN mdobr bnosx wemd lpnio, ala hoa mbia rq at dbri hagdh bsogih ola at dbri hhlkh rah leil herh 45.
47 rah eminx, erikt, 981–091. 57 kK gM nrah mmbnh hsogih birowlmi. birowlmi sokh p"g h"a )ng e"g(: “tni r' xiih olqxtM lkM
mwlkM ola hgzol. am' r' loi zh whoa nojl lolb gzol lmh hoa domh laxd wkibd at hwljoN tmxoi axd onmca mwlo amro ai lo lzh wnewh snigoro qjigoro.” mqriah pwojh wl dbri hirowlmi nrah wr' loi aino ba lxloq ala lhosiP jeM lkK wlolb hgzol psol. rah borgnsqi, “sokh,” 464–564; lib mosqobiC, “herot obiaoriM birowlmi,” sidra i )twn"d( 57.
67 rah tospot j e"a d"h “hhoa” wmqwiM mdoe criK lmej sokh gzolh hri psolh mdiN mchb"e. oldbrino aiN bqowih zat mmw, whri diN mchb"e hoa hjeM ldiN lkM oaino eomd bpni ecmo. iw lciiN, wbsogih la mocgt hmxloqt biN r' ioxnN lr' icxq bcorh xzitit )r' icxq amr( ala “opliga dr' icxq,” oa"k hcgt hmxloqt hia mmsdr hsogih orah hlbni, moed, rh herh 1. kmo kN, birowlmi r' icxq kll la eosq bgzol ala bkll hpsoliM )rah leil lid herh 64(, onrah wmsdr hsogih nisx at dbrio kaN lgbi gzol bnigod leolh mr' ioxnN.
77 ltopeh domh )stma dgmra whknish dbriM bpi r' ioxnN( rah dod hlbni, mqorot omsorot: biaoriM btlmod lmsktot eirobiN opsxiM )irowliM: bit hmdrw lrbniM bamriqh twm"b( we.
87 iwnh hiqrot nospt wla hbati mkiooN wnmcat bmieoj ktbi hid. bsokh lh e"a bjeM hpsol
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
hhiqrot hrawonh hia bbbli 97 brkot mz e"b:
mewh br' aliezr wnkns lb"h ola mca ewrh owxrr ebdo ohwlimo lewr'…ohiki ebid hki oha am' rb ihodh kl hmwxrr ebdo eobr bew' wn' leol' bhM tebdo ]oiqra kh mo[ ldbr mco' wani mco' hbah bebir' hia mcoh drbiM wani 08
bmqrh zh stma dgmra melh at hbeih wl mcoh hbah bebirh kbeih hlktit onalct lcmcM at txolto kdi lbar at mewho wl r' aliezr. bkl aopN, aiN kll zh mopie bwmM wl amoraiM )oaP la bwmo wl r' ioxnN !(.18
hhiqrot hwniih hia bbbli 28 b"q cd e"a:
dtnia r' aliezr bN ieqb aom' hri wgzl sah wl xijiN jxnh lwh oapah ohpriw mmnh xlh kicd mbrK aiN zh mbrK ala mnaC oel zh na' boce brK naC h'… ]thiliM i g[ am' rba mmai…oed kaN la qamr rbi alezr bN ieqb htM ala leniiN brkh mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh
aomnM, bmqrh zh diN mcoh hbah bebirh moba e"i rba, aK hqwro wl diN zh hoa hbrkh oel kK aomr rba waiN raoi lbrK kawr hmcoh bah bebirh, abl rba aino aomr wla ica idi xobt hmcoh.
nmca a"k, wla mcano bdbri hamoraiM psol mjeM mcoh hbah bebirh. itirh mkK, diN mcoh hbah bebirh hoa ndir omlbd bsogiitno mopie rq pemiiM nospot oaP bhN la mdobr kll el kK wposl at hmcoh. nrah wntoniM alo mxzqiM at hhwerh wmcoh hbah bebirh bmqorh ainh hlkh ala jeM onimoq ldiN lkM, olkN kmej oainnh mopieh bhqwr hlkti btlmod. aM nkoniM dbrino, iw lwaol mdoe mcoh hbah bebirh winth at corth magdh lhlkh. ncie lhlN hsbr klli hnoge lixs hagdh ohhlkh ohsbr mqomi bhqwr wl diN lolb hgzol.
rawit, iitkN whgbolot biN hamirot hhlktiot lamirot hagdtiot–mosriot la hio xdiM k"k.38 jwjow hgbolot hn"l grM, leitiM, lmebr wl amirot agdtiot ltoK txoM hhlkh.
wl atrog wl eir hndxt owl awirh mcb hediM hoa kdlhlN: m, glioN l, qje gnizh aoqspord )3.1762( 61–11/45 .d .beH, r"x, rab"d: mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh. olatb: lita. sd, glioN o, ra"h: mwoM dktoti mktt wieora. n: dktoti mktt wieora n"a mwoM dhoh mcoh hbah bebir'. aiN kaN hmqoM ldoN bxiloP nosx zh, aK m"m hdbriM namriM mstma dtlmod orgliiM ldbr waP maoxr lkK kpi wmeidiM xilopi hnosx bqje zh orah wowjri, “sokh,” 66–76.
97 hnosx ep"i dpos rawoN woncino rm"d. aiN bqje zh winoii nosx mwmeotiiM mlbd axd oelio neir. 08 walh otwobh zat nmcaiM kmej bkl edi hnosx lbbli brkot )minkN 59, pirnch, aoqspord 663
obqje gnizh 1.4733 ANE–STJ(. aK bk"i priz lita, nrah waiN mdobr btospt maoxrt ala bdilog mxmt hdomot )hmilh hdomh “wani”( orah borgnsqi, “sokh,” 554 wla hwgix bzh.
18 bnosP lkK rah eroK lnr )aljonh: r' ieqb ejjlinger, tri"x( lsogiitno wmbar at hsogih bbrkot whwalh hia kicd ewh ebirh ola kicd icao idi xobh, oa"k aiN sogiit brkot eosqt bdiN mcoh hbah bebirh wbsogiitno.
28 hnosx ep"i dpos rawoN woncino rn. aiN winoii nosx mwmeotiiM bqje zh. 38 rah aliab woxjmN, “hlkh wainh hlkh,” sini qij )twn"z( qpa–qcb. woxjmN mbia wM mspr
dogmaot lminox “hlkh” bixs ldbri agdh. aomnM hoa mnsh ljeoN wminox zh nwtrbb msibot kalh oaxrot, aK hoa ndxq mad bhsbrio oiotr nrah whminox “hlkh” wimw leitiM gM ldbri agdh omosr.
xlbk
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
aK nrah wbsogiitno apwr lhcie hsbr mqomi wnmca bgoP hsogih. rb nxmN br icxq mokix wlolb hgzol psol kl wbeh mkK whmwnh nqjh gzol ola waol omkaN wpsol gzol rxb mpsol waol. kdi lhrxib at psol gzol lkl wbet himiM nzqqno lpsol nosP mebr ldiN lkM olkN ntno lmcoh hbah bebirh toqP hlkti.48
iw lheir wbkK la hstiimh drko wl diN mcoh hbah bebirh beolM hhlkh. kpi wraino, hebrh zat wl heorK icrh qowi bsogih wbeqbotio wonh nosx hsogih. aK mebr lwinoii hnosx wbsogih, beqbot hqowi hrawoniM nalco lhgdir wmchb"e hia rq qodM whxpC nqnh. hgdrh zat mcmcmt mad at mchb"e rq lxpC wiw elio wM ebirh, obecM kmej mxzirh aoto lmemdo hmqori whwpeto el eolM hhlkh kmej oainh qiimt.58
48 iw lheir, waomnM mdbri rb nxmN br icxq mokx wsobr wgzol psol iotr mwaol aK la mokx wsobr wpsol mwoM mchb"e. apwr wldet rnb"i gzol psol bwar imiM mwoM lkM otqnt rib"z pslh rq gzol ola waol. apwrot nospt hia wrnb"i la eosq kll bwar imiM, ala bio"j wni wl gloiot kpwj dbrio. obioM zh whoa spqo wl ioM a' mcriK wla ihih gzol )agb, hrawoniM bsogiitno xolqiM lgbi hdiN bio"j wni wl gloiot rah aocr mprwi htlmod em' i'(. lgbi ecM walt rnb"i el kK whmwnh la nqjh waol, nrah whmwnh sobrt wmlkM mmejiM rq at hgzol ola at hwaol kpi wmopieh hdrwh bspra amor pj"z b okN birowlmi )leil herh 57( oakm"l.
58 rah aliab woxjmN, mewh hba bebirh )irowliM: mosd hrb qoq twm"a( 951 herh 71 wkotb el txolt diN mchb"e: “biN hrawoniM, rq rbino tM sobr waiN bqniiN kdi ltqN at hpgM ]…[ abl r"i bel htospot xolq elio wM, okN hia det kl itr hrawoniM.” sikoM zh aino mdoiq. aomnM rbiM mhrawoniM sobriM wlaxr qniiN aiN psol wl mchb"e, aK aiN zat rq det r"t wqniiN aino mtqN pgM zh. kpi wraino, kK hia detM wl hgaoniM, rw"i, hri"d, obel hhwlmh )amnM, gM ldetM qniiN owinoi potr at hbeih(. itirh mkK, laor hnitox hpilologi nrah wkK hia deto wl hbbli bsogiitno ohrawoniM hxolqiM nsmkiM el hgrsh hmaoxrt. eod el hixs biN dbri r' ioxnN lpirowi hrawoniM hmgbiliM at dbrio rah wgit mor oronN axijob, “qorbN hba bebirh: lmqomM wl erkiM bixs lqorbN bsprot htlmodit,” moed jz )tws"o( 65–85. wijh axrt hmcmcmt at diN mchb"e beqbot qowi biN hsogiot ano mocaiM brijb"a. hrijb"a mbia tiroC lkK waiN beiit mchb"e bsogiit sokh gzolh: “dla amrinN mcoh hbah bebirh ala bdbr whoa ba lrcot kgoN qrbN wopr ololb okioca bhM, abl bsokh waiN bh ricoi lika mwoM mcoh hbah bebirh.”
gkjl
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
mdk
minkN 59 qa psiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
ojiqN 431 qpsiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
londoN 004 qa psiq otni psol la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
bihm"l 8061 qa p>..<q otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
aoqspord 663 qa psiq otani la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
minkN 041 qa psiq otni la wna ioM job rawoN ola wna
7662 qa psiq otana la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
bihm"l 072 qpsiq otana la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
pizro re"h qa psiq otni la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
3.)1(1F S-T >..< psiq otani la wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
724.923 SN S-T qa psiq >…< wna bioM job rawoN ola wna
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH oqa psiq otni lwna bioM job rawoN ola wna
minkN 59 bioM job wni bwlma ibw beina hdr olika
ojiqN 431 bioM job wini bwlm' ibw beina hdr olika
londoN 004 bioM job wini bwl' ibw beina hdr olika
bihm"l 8061 bioM job wni bwlma ibw beinN >…< lika
aoqspord 663 bioM job wni bwlma ibw beinN hdr olika
minkN 041 ioM job wni bwlma ibw beinN hdr olika
aoqspord 7662 bioM job wni bwlama ibiw bina hdr olika
bihm"l 072 bioM job wni bwlma ibiw bina hdr olika
pizro re"h bioM job wini bwlma ibw hdr benN hdr olika
3.)1(1F S-T bioM job wini >…< beina olika 724.923 SN S-T bioM job wni bwl' >…<
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH bioM job wni bwlm' ibw beina hdr olika
minkN 59 ala gzol bwlm' bioM job rawoN beina
ojiqN 431 ala gzol bwlm' bioM job rawoN olqxtM
londoN 004 ala gzol bwl' ioM job hrawoN olqxtM
bihm"l 8061 ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN olqxtM
aoqspord 663 ala gzol amai la bwlma ioM job rawoN olqxtM
minkN 041 ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN beina
aoqspord 7662 ala gzol bwlma bioM job rawoN kt' olqxtM bihm"l 072 ala gzol bwlma bioM job rawoN kt' olqxtM pizro re"h ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN dktib
3.)1(1F S-T ala gzol bwlmh ioM job rawoN >…<
724.923 SN S-T bwl' ioM job rawoN olqxtM
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH ala gzol bwlma ioM job rawoN olqxtM
mhdorh sinopjit sokh kj e"b–l e"a
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
hkam
minkN 59 lkM mwlkM ojiqN 431 lkM bio lkM mwlkM am' rxm olao
londoN 004 lkM mwlkM am' rxm' olao bihm"l 8061 lkM am' rxmna mwlkM >…<
aoqspord 663 lkM am' rxmna lkM mwlkM ohai lao
minkN 041 lkM mwlkM olika aoqspord 7662 lkM bioM hrawoN lkM mwlkM bihm"l 072 lkM bioM hrawoN lkM mwlkM pizro re"h lkM mwlkM 3.)1(1F S-T lao 724.923 SN S-T lkM mwlkM am' rx' olao
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH lkM mwlkM am' rxmna olao
minkN 59 ala bioM job wni mai jem'
ojiqN 431 didi' hoa ala bioM job wini mai jem'
londoN 004 didih hoa ala bioM job wini amai la
bihm"l 8061 hoa ala bioM job wni amai la
aoqspord 663 didih hoa ala ioM job wni mai jema la
minkN 041 ala ioM job wni )bwlma( mai jem' la
aoqspord 7662 ala bioM job wni aimai bihm"l 072 ala bioM job wni aimai pizro re"h ala bioM job wini mai jema 3.)1(1F S-T didih hia ala bioM job wini amai >…<
724.923 SN S-T did]i[h hoa ala bioM job wni amai la >…<
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH didih hia ala bioM job wini amai la
minkN 59 a"r ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM
ojiqN 431 a"r ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM
londoN 004 am' r' iox' mwoM r' wme' bN ioxi bihm"l 8061 am' r' ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN >…<
aoqspord 663 r' ioxnN am' mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxai mwoM
minkN 041 am' r' ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxai mwoM
aoqspord 7662 am' r' ioxnN br aba mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxai mwoM
bihm"l 072 a"r ioxnN br aba mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM
pizro re"h am' rbi ioxnN mwoM rbi wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM
3.)1(1F S-T mwoM bN ioxi 724.923 SN S-T mwM r' wme' bN ioxai aoqspord 95/71.c.beH am' r' ioxnN mwoM r' wmeoN bN ioxi mwoM
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
bmok
minkN 59 dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wn' ohbatM
ojiqN 431 dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebir' kdkt' ohbatM
londoN 004 dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wn' ohbatM
bihm"l 8061 mcoh hbah be>..<rh dkt' ohbatM
aoqspord 663 dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh wna' ohbatM
minkN 041 dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh kdkt' ohbatM)at
aoqspord 7662 dhoia lh mcoh hbah bebirh wn' ohbatM at
bihm"l 072 dhoia lh mcoh hbah bebirh wn' ohbatM at
pizro re"h dhoh lih mcoh hba' bebrh wnamr ohbatM
3.)1(1F S-T dhaoi mcoh hbah bebirh >…<
724.923 SN S-T dhoh lih mcoh >…< ohbatM aoqspord 95/71.c.beH dhoh mcoh hbah bebirh dkt' ohbatM
minkN 59 gzol at hpsx ojiqN 431 gzol at hpsx oat hxolh londoN 004 gzol at hpsx oat hxolh bihm"l 8061 gzol at hpsx oat hxolh >…< at hm>..<h harch
aoqspord 663 gzol at hpsx oat hxolh minkN 041 h(gzol )o(at hpsx oat hxolh aoqspord 7662 hgzol oat hpsx oat hxolh harch
bihm"l 072 hgzol oat hpsx oat hxolh harch
pizro re"h gzol hpsx oat hxolh 3.)1(1F S-T
724.923 SN S-T gzol oat hpsx oat hxolh aoqspord 95/71.c.beH gzol at hpsx oat hxolh harch
minkN 59 ]qtni[ gzol domia dpsx
ojiqN 431 qtni gzol domia dpsx
londoN 004 gzol domia dpsx
bihm"l 8061 aotM mkM gzol domia dpsx
aoqspord 663 qtni gzol domia dpsx oxolh
minkN 041 gzol domia dpsx
aoqspord 7662 gzol dmia dpsxa
bihm"l 072 gzol dmia dpisixa
pizro re"h gzol domia dpsx
3.)1(1F S-T qa tni gzol domia lpsx
724.923 SN S-T >…<
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH ao' mi' am' ii' oqatni gzol domih dpsx
magdh lhlkh
20130207.1-huca81
zkgm
minkN 59 mh psx aiN lo tqnh aP gzol aiN
ojiqN 431 mh psx aiN lo tqnh aP gzol aiN
londoN 004 mh psx daiN lo tqnh aP gzol aiN
bihm"l 8061 mh psx aiN lo tqnh >… aoqspord 663 mh psx oxolh dlit bih tqnta aP gzol dlit
minkN 041 mh psx aiN lo tqnh aP gzol aiN
aoqspord 7662 mh psx dlao br hrcah kll bihm"l 072 mh pisixa dlao br hrcah kll gzol nmi dlao
pizro re"h mh psx lit lih tqnta aP gzol lit
3.)1(1F S-T mh >…<
724.923 SN S-T
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH ma psx aiN lo tqna aP gzol nmi aiN
minkN 59 lo tqnh la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
ojiqN 431 lo tqnh la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
londoN 004 lo tqnh la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
bihm"l 8061 ..<qnh la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
aoqspord 663 bih tqnta qtni la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
minkN 041 lo tqnh la wna lpni iiaow ola wna laxr iiaow
aoqspord 7662 ola wna lpni iiaow ola wna laxr iiaow
bihm"l 072 br hrcah kll ola wna lpni iiaow ola wna laxr iiaow
pizro re"h lih tqnta ola wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
3.)1(1F S-T tqnh la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr >…<
724.923 SN S-T
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH lo tqna la wna lpni iaow ola wna laxr iaow
minkN 59 bwlma lpni iaow ]adM ki iqrib mkM[ ojiqN 431 bwlma lpni iaow adM ki iqrib mkM qrbN londoN 004 bwl' lpni iaow mkM bihm"l 8061 bwlma lpni >..<w >…< ki iqrib mkM qrbN at qrbnkM
aoqspord 663 bwlm' lpni iaow lkM minkN 041 bwlma lpni iaow at qrbnkM
aoqspord 7662 bwlma lpni iaow bihm"l 072 bwlma lpni iaow pizro re"h bwlma lpni iaow adM ki iqrib mkM 3.)1(1F S-T lkM 724.923 SN S-T lkM aoqspord 95/71.c.beH bwlma lpni iaow olqxtM lkM
rbiN wowjri
20130207.1-huca81
dmxk
minkN 59 am' rxmna lkM ola didih hoa
ojiqN 431 a' rxm olao didih hoa
londoN 004 mwlkM a' rxm' olao didih hoa ]kaN qni' kiaow
bihm"l 8061 mwlkM am' rxmna olao didih hoa
aoqspord 663 am' rxmna olao didih hoa
minkN 041 am' rxmna mwlkM ola didih hoa
aoqspord 7662 dlao didih hoa
bihm"l 072 dlao didih hoa
pizro re"h am' rxmna olao didih ho'
3.)1(1F S-T mwlkM >…< rx' olao >…<
724.923 SN S-T mwlkM am' rx' olao didih hoa
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH am' rxmna olao didih hia
minkN 59 ala laxr iaow ha qniih
ojiqN 431 ala laxr iiaow tipo li dha qniih
londoN 004 khnizqiN[ la>..< iaow ha qniih
bihm"l 8061 >… ..<xr iaow ha qni lih
aoqspord 663 ala laxr iaow ha qniih
minkN 041 ala laxr iiaow tipoq li dha qniih
aoqspord 7662 ala laxr iiaow didih hoa
bihm"l 072 ala laxr iiaow didih hoa
pizro re"h ala laxr iaow ha qnia
3.)1(1F S-T 724.923 SN S-T ala laxr iaow >…<
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH ala laxr iaow tpoq lih dha qniih lih
minkN 59 biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh
ojiqN 431 biiaow ala lao mwoM dhoh mcoh hbah bebirh
londoN 004 biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh
bihm"l 8061 biaow ala lao mwoM dhoai mcoh hbah bebirh
aoqspord 663 biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh mcoh hbah bebirh
minkN 041 biiaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mco' hbah bebirh
aoqspord 7662 ala lao mw' dhoia lh mcoh hbah bebirh wme mnh
bihm"l 072 ala lao mwoM dhoia lh mcoh hbah bebirh wme minh
pizro re"h biaow ala lao mwoM dhoh lih mcoh hbah bebirh
3.)1(1F S-T
724.923 SN S-T b>..< ala lao m>.. …< lh mcoh >…<
aoqspord 95/71.c.beH biaow ala lao mwoM dhaoi mcoh hbah bebirh
