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T H E R U T H A N D E M A N U E L R A C K M A N C E N T E RFOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE STATUS OF WOMEN

˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ì¯ÂÙ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÔÚÓÏχ¯˘È≠ËÈÂß‚†ÛÂ˙È˘·†˙ÂÎÊ·†Ô‚¯‡†Ï˘†Â„ÂÒÈÓ

˙†ÎÊ·Ì„‡†˙ÂÈ ÂÎÊφÊίӉ†¨˙ÂÎÊ·‰˙ÂÓÚ†¨˙ÂÈÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘‡†Ï˘Ï‡¯˘È·†Á¯Ê‡‰†˙ÂÈÂÎÊφ‰„‚‡‰†Ï˘†‰„ÂÒÈÓ

Forum of Women with Disabilitesfor Women with DisabilitesBIZCHUT

ȯ„˜-ÔȯÙω†˙¯†¯¢„†∫˙È˘‡¯†˙ίÂÚ

‚¯·Ò‚ È ˜ † ‰¯ËÚ† „ ¢ ÂÚ † ∫˙ί ÂÚ

Editor&in&Chief: Dr. Ruth Halperin-Kaddari,Editor: Atara Kenigsberg, Esq.

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ßÒÓ†ÔÂÈÏÈ‚I s s u e ‰„ÓÚ†˙¯ÈȆ˙¯„Ò Position Papers Series

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A Question of AccessAccessibility of Women’s HealthS e r v i c e s i n I s r a e l

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˙ÂÎÊ·†¨˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÔÚÓφ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ì¯ÂÙ†˙Êί†≠†¯‡È¯·†ÈÏȆ∫˙·˙ÂΉ

˙ÂÎÊ·†¨˙È˙Ïȉ˜‰†‰˜ÏÁÓ‰†˙ωӆ≠†¯¯Ï†‰ÓÚ˙ÂÎÊ·†Ï¢ÎÓ†¨˜È·ÂÊÏ≠¯ÏÒˆ‰È·ÏÈÒ†∫‰·È˙η†ÂÚÈÈÒ

˜¯·≠È·†¨‰ÚÂ˘È‰†ÈÈÈÚÓ†Á¢È·†¨˙È‚ÂϘȂ‰†‰˜ÏÁÓ‰†Ï‰Ó†¨ÔÁ†È·†¯¢„

˙¢·ÏÈÓ†¨˙ÈÚˆ˜Ó†˙ωӆ¨˜ÂÒÈÚ·†‰‡Ù¯Ó†¨¯È‡Ó≠‚¯·„Ï‚†‰˘Â˘

χ¯˘È†ËÈÂß‚†¨ÌÂ˜È˘Â†˙ÂÈÂÎφ‰„ÈÁȉ†¨ÛÏ≠¯Ï„Ò†ÏËÈ·‡

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∫˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÔÚÓφ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ì¯ÂÙ†˙¯·Á

̯˘†Ò„‰ ¨‰È„ȄȆ‰Ï‰ ¨‡‰Î≠‡¯ÈÙ˘†‰Ï‡

˙ÂÎÊ·†¨˙ÈËÙ˘Ó‰†˙ˆÚÂȉ†¨„¢ÂÚ†¨Ô‚„†ÚË

Á¯Ê‡‰†˙ÂÈÂÎÊφ‰„‚‡‰†¨È·Â˘ÈȆ‰ÓÚ†∫‰·È˙η†ıÂÚÈÈ

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ÔÂȈ≠·Ï†È‡Â¯†‰¯È˘†¨Ô‰Î†ÔÁ†¨È¯ÒȘ†˙ȯ‡†¨·ÂÎÈÏʆȄچ∫‰ˆÙ‰†˙ÂÊί

ÏÎÈÓ†Ï˘†ÂÈ„ÂËÒ‰†∫ÈÙ‡¯‚†·ÂˆÈÚ

Ɖ·È˙η†˙ÂÙ˙¢‰Â†Ú„ÈÓ‰†Ô˙Ó†ÏÚ†‰Îφ‰¯Â·Á˙†ÈÂÈ·†¨¯ÊچȯÊÈ·‡Ï†Èχ¯˘È‰†ÊίӉ†≠†˙¢·ÏÈÓφ‰„Â˙

ÆÈ˘È‡‰†ÔÂÈÒÓ†˙‡ӂ„·†˘ÂÓÈ˘Ï†ÂÓÈÎÒ‰˘†Úˆ˜Ó‰†˙¢Ï†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ‰†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘Ï†˙„ÁÂÈÓ†‰„Â˙

ÍÂ˙Ó†‰„Ò†ÔÓ˜¯†Ï‡ÂÓÚ†˙¯†˘¢Ú†‰˘‡‰†„ÓÚӆ̄ȘφÊίӉ†‡ÈˆÂÓ†‰˙‡†‰„ÓÚ‰†˙¯ÈȆ˙¯„Ò

Ú„ÈÓ·†˜ÂÓÚ‰†¯ÒÁφ˙ÂÚ„ÂÓ†ÍÂ˙Ó†¨‰˘‡‰†„ÓÚӆ̄Șφ‰ÈÈ˘Ú·†ÈÊίӆ̯‚ΆڄÈÓ‰†˙Â·È˘Á·†‰¯Î‰

¨ÌÈÏÙÂËÓ†È˙Ï·†ÌÈÓÂÁ˙†Ì˙‡·†˜ÂÒÚφ‡È‰†‰¯„Ò‰†˙¯ËÓ†Æχ¯˘È·†Ô„ÓÚÓ†ÌÈ˘‰†˙ÂÈÂÎʆÌÂÁ˙·†Ú„È·Â

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ƉÏÂΆ‰¯·Á‰†˙ÏÚÂ˙φÌÈ˘‰†˙Á¯φ¨‰˘‡‰†„ÓÚӆ̄Ș·†ÚÈÈÒ˙†Âʆ‰¯„Ò†ÈΆ‰Â˜˙†Â‡

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E-mail:rackmanc@mail.biu.ac.il

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ÌÈÏ‚Ï‚†‡ÒÎφ‰˜Â˙¯†‰˘‡Ï†˙È‚ÂϘȂ†‰‡Ù¯Ó†˙Â˘È‚†˙˜È„·†ÒÙÂË

˙‡ȯ·†È˙Â¯È˘†È·Ó†˙Â˘È‚Ï†ÌÈÂȯËȯ˜

‰˘‡‰†˙‡ȯ·†È˙Â¯È˘†È·Ó†˙Â˘È‚Ï†˘¯„‰†„ÂȈ‰

Â˙ÂÏÚ†‰˘È‚†ÌÈ˘†˙‡Ù¯Ó·†˘¯„‰†„ÂȈ‰

‰˘È‚†‰‡Ù¯Ó·†ÏÂÙÈËφ˙·ÈÈÁ˙‰†Ô˙Óφ‰˙ÂÂΆ¯·„·†È·ÎÓ†Á¢Ù˜†˙¯‰ˆ‰

Introduction

Major Points

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∫·†ÌȘÒÂÚ† Ôȇ†ËÚÓ΢†ÌÂÁ˙φ˙ȯ·Ȉ‰†·Ï‰†˙Ó¢˙†˙‡†˙Âىφ˘˜·Ó† ÔÏ‰Ï˘†‰„ÓÚ‰†¯ÈÈ

˙ÈÈÒÂÏ·φÏÂÙÈˉ†˙ÂÈÓÊ·†ÔÂÈ¢†Æ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘Ï†Ï‡¯˘È·†‰˘‡‰†˙‡ȯ·†È˙Â¯È˘†Ï˘†Ì˙Â˘È‚

∫ÌÈ·ÈÎ¯Ó†È˘·†˙·˘Á˙‰†ÍÂ˙†˜¯†ÌÈȘ˙‰Ï†ÏÂÎȆ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ‰†˙ÂÏÚ·†ÌÈ˘‰

Æ˙ÈÏ΢†˙È˘Ù† ¨˙È˘ÂÁ† ¨˙ÈÊÈÙ†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ† ∫˙¢†˙ÂÈÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘† Ï˘†ÌÈ„ÁÂÈÓ‰† Ô‰È߈† † Ƈ

ÌÈ˙ˆ‰†Ï˘†ÈÚˆ˜Ó‰†Ú„ȉ†¨È‡ÂÙ¯‰Â†ÈÏÏΉ†„ÂȈ‰†˙Â˘È‚†¨˙ÈÊÈÙ†˙Â˘È‚†∫ÌÈ¢‰†‰È˷ȉ†ÏÚ†˙Â˘È‚‰†††Æ·

Æ˙ÂÏÙÂËÓφÌÒÁȆÌÈÏÙËÓ‰††††††††††††

˙‡ٯӆ˙·¯Ï†¨È„ÂÁÈȆÔÙ‡·†ÌÈ˘‰†˙ÈÈÒÂÏ··†ÏÂÙÈËφÌÈ„ÚÂÈÓ‰†˙‡ȯ·†È˙Â¯È˘·†˜ÒÂÚ†‰„ÓÚ‰†¯ÈÈ

˙‡ٯÓ†ÒÈʯÂÙ‡ÈËÒ‡†˙˜È„·Ï†˙‡ٯӆ¨„˘‰†Ô˯҆ÔÂÁ·‡Ï†ÌÈÂÎÓ†¨˙„ÏÈÈÓ†‰È‚ÂϘȂφ˙˜ÏÁÓÂ

¨ÌȯӇӆÏÚ†ÍÓ˙ÒÓ†‰„ÓÚ‰†¯ÈȆƉÈÒÂÏ·‰†ÏÏÎφÌÈÙÂÓ‰†ÌÈ˙Â¯È˘·†Ô„†Âȇ†¨˙ÈÙ‚†ıÂÁ†‰È¯Ù‰Ï

˙‡ٯӆ˙Â˘È‚†Ï˘†˙ÈÓ‚„Ó†‰˜È„·†¨Ï‡¯˘È·†‡˘Â·†ÈËÙ˘Ó‰†·ˆÓ‰†˙˜È„·†¨ÌÏÂÚ‰Ó†χ¯˘ÈÓ†Ìȯ˜ÁÓ

Úˆ˜Ó†È˘‡†ÌÚ†˙ÂÂȇ¯Ó†ÂÁ˜Ï†Ô‡Î†ÌÈÚÈÙÂÓ‰†ÌÈËÂËȈ‰†Æ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ï˘†˙ÂÈÙ†˙ÂÈ‚ÂϘȂ

Æ˙Ò熉˘‡‰†„ÓÚӆ̄Șφ‰„Ú‰†˙Â·È˘ÈÓ†¨˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÌÚÂ

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3

4

Ô‰È˙ÂÈÂÎÊφ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†˙ÂÚ„ÂÓ¨˙ÂÈÂÎʆÔÂÈÂÂ˘Ï†ÍÂÈÁφÌÈÙ˘Á†Ìȇ†¨˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÌÏÏη†¨Ï‡¯˘È†˙È„Ó·†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘‡‰†·Â¯

ÔÓˆÚ†¯Â·Ú†˙ÂÓÁÂω†˙ˆ·˜†ÈΆÚ„Ȇ¨ÌȯÁ‡†ÌÈÓÂÁ˙·†¯·Ú‰†ÔÂÈÒÈÓ†Æ˙ÂÈÒÈÒ·‰†Ì‰È˙ÂÈÂÎÊφÌÈÚ„ÂÓ†ÌȇÂ

ÌÈ¯Â˘Ú·†Ì˙ÏÂÚÙ˘†¨ÌÈ˘‰†È‚¯‡†‡È‰†ÍÎφ˙ËÏ·†‰Ó‚„†ÆÌÈ‚ÈÏÙÓ†ÌÈÈ˙¯·Á†ÌÈÈÂÈ˘†ÏÏÂÁφ˙ÂÁÈψÓ

ÌÈ‚¯‡†Æ‰„·ڷ†˙ÂÈÂӄʉ†ÔÂÈ¢φÌÈ˘†„‚†˙ÂÓÈχφ˙È˙¯·Á‰†˙ÂÒÁÈÈ˙‰·†ÍÙ‰Óφ‰Ó¯‚†ÌȯÁ‡‰

Ô‰†∫‰Ó„†ÍÈω˙††˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†˙¯·ÂÚ†˙ÚΆÆ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘Ï†ÌÈڂ‰†Ìȇ˘Â·†Â˜ÒÚ†‡Ï†Âχ

ÆÔ˘ÂÓÈÓφ†˙ÂÏÚÂÙ†¨ÌÈÓÂÁ˙‰†Ïη†Ô‰È˙ÂÈÂÎʆÏÚ†˙„ÓÂφ¨Ô˙ÈÈÏÙ‰·†˙¯ÈÎÓ

˙ÂÈÈ„Ó†Èڷ˜†ÌÈÏÙËÓ†¨ÌȇÙ¯†·¯˜·†˙ÂÚ„ÂÓ†ڄÈ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ï˘†ÌÈ„ÁÂÈÓ‰†Ô‰È߈φ˙ÂÚ„ÂÓ†¯ÒÂÁ†ÌÈȘ†˙ÂÈÈ„Ó‰†Èڷ˜†Úˆ˜Ó‰†È˘‡†·¯˜·

˙‡ȯ·Ï††ÌÈ„ÂÓÈφ˙ÂÚ˘†ÌÈ˘È„˜Ó†Ìȇ†Ï‡¯˘È·†‰‡Âٯφ¯ÙÒ‰†È˙·†¨Ï˘ÓφÍΆÆÔ‰·†ÏÂÙÈˉ†˙·ίÂÓÏÂ

ÏÂÙȈ†Íη†ÌÈÁȈÓ†¨„¯Ù†˙ÂÁÓ˙‰†ÌÂÁ˙†Â‰Ê˘†˙¯Óφ¨Ô‰·†ÏÂÙÈËφ„ÁÂÈÓ‰†Ô·ˆÓφ¨˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘

ÆȘÏ

ÌÈÂ˙†¯„Úȉ¯„Úȉ†ÆÈ„ÂÒȆÔÙ‡·†Ï‡¯˘È·†Â˜„·†‡Ï†¯˜Ò†‡Ï†ÌÏÂÚÓ†ÌÈ¢‰†ÌÈÓÂÁ˙·†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†Ï˘†Ô‰È߈

¯˜Ò†Æ˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†¯Â·Ú†ÌÈ˘È‚†˙‡ȯ·†È˙Â¯È˘Ï†‰ÙȘÓ†˙È„ÂÒȆ˙ÈÎ˙†˙ÈÈ·†ÚÂÓ†‰Ê†ÌÈÂ˙†„ÒÓ

ÆÌÈ˘È‚† ˙‡ȯ·† È˙Â¯È˘Ï† ˙Ȉ¯‡† ˙ÈÎ˙† ˙Èȷφ ·Â˘Á† ¯ÊÚ† ÈÏΆ ‰Ȇ ¨¯˜ÁÓ† ÂÈ˙·˜Ú·Â† ¨ÛȘÓ

ͯˆ†ÔÈÈ„Ú†˘È†ÌȯÁ‡†Ìȯ˜ÁÓ†ÏÚ†ÒÒ·Ӊ†Ï‡¯˘È·†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘†ÏÚ†¯˜ÁÓ†ÌÒ¯Ù˙‰Ï†„ÓÂÚ†ÈΆÔÈȈÈ

Æȇӈچ¯˜ÁÓ†˙Îȯڷ

‰˜È˜ÁÈÓÂÁ˙·†Ì˙ÂÏىφ‡Ï˘†˙˘¯Â„†¨„·ÎφÔÂÈÂÂ˘Ï†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘‡†Ï˘†Ì˙ÂÎÊφ˙ÒÁÈÈ˙ӆχ¯˘È·†‰˜È˜Á‰

˙ÂËÏÁ‰·≠˙Úˆ·Ó‰Â†˙ËÙ¢‰†¨˙˜˜ÂÁÓ‰≠˙ÂÈ¢¯‰†Ï˘†Ôί„†˙‡††ÌÈÂÂ˙Ó†Âχ†ÌÈ·Â˘Á†ÌȘÂÁ†ÆÌÈ¢‰†ÌÈÈÁ‰

˜ÂÁ†˙Úˆ‰†ÆÌÈ˙Â¯È˘†˙Â˘È‚†·ÈÈÁÓ†˙Â˘È‚Ï†‰¯„‚‰†ÏÏÂΉ†˜ÂÁ†¯ÒÁ†ÔÈȄچ͇†¨ÌÈ˙Â¯È˘†˙˘‚‰Ï†˙Âڂ‰

ÍÂÈÁ†¨Ë¯ÂÙÒ†ȇن˙·¯˙†¨È˘È‡†ÚÂÈÒ†‰Ïȉ˜·†¯ÂÈ„†¨˙Â˘È‚©†®Ô˜È˙©†˙ÂÏ·‚ÂÓ†ÌÚ†ÌÈ˘‡Ï†˙ÂÈÂÎʆÔÂÈ¢

˜ÂÁ†Ô˜È˙φ˜ÂÁ†˙Úˆ‰¢†∫Ôωϩ†≤∞∞±†–†‡¢Ò˘˙‰†¨®Ú„ÈÓ†ÌÈ„ÁÂÈÓ†ÌÈίˆ†¨˙ÈËÙ˘Ó‰†˙ίÚÓ‰†¨‰Ï΢‰Â

ÌÈÓÈȘ†ÌÈȯ·Ȉ†˙ÂÓ˜ӆ˙˘‚‰†˙·ÈÈÁÓ†˙Â˘È‚Ï†˙ÂÎʉ†˙‡†¨˙Â˘È‚·†˜ÒÂÚ‰†˜¯Ù·†¨˙ڷ˜†±®¢ÔÂÈ¢‰

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Ɖ˜È˜Á‰† ÍÈω† Í˘Ó‰Ï† ‰È˙ÓÓ† ≤∞∞∞† ¯·Óˆ„·† ‰Â˘‡¯† ‰‡È¯˜·† ‰¯·Ú† Âʆ ˜ÂÁ† ˙Úˆ‰

˙Â˘È‚†˙¯„‚‰˙¢†˙ÂÈÂÒÁÈÈ˙‰†˙ÂÓÈȘ†Ï‡¯˘È†˙È„Ó·†Æ„·ÂÎÓ†ÈÂÈ¢†¨È‡ÓˆÚ†˘ÂÓÈ˘Ï†˙¯˘Ù‡‰†‰˘Â¯ÈÙ†˙Â˘È‚

‰‚¯„Ó†ÈΆۇ†≠†ÈȈ¯†Ï¢ÎÓ†‰‡Ù¯Óφ‰ÒÈη†˙Á‡†‰‚¯„Ó·†˙‡¯†Ôȇ†¨Ï˘ÓφÌÈÏÂÁ‰†˙ÂÙ˜††Æ˙Â˘È‚Ï

ÔÂÎ˙‰†˜ÂÁ†ÁÂÎÓ†˙˜˙·†˙Â˘È‚†˙¯„‚‰††Æ˙·¯†˙ÂÈÂÏ·‚ÂÓφ˘È‚≠È˙Ϸφ‰·Ó‰†˙‡†˙ÎÙ‰†Âʆ‰„ÈÁȆ˙Á‡

‰„ÓÚ‰†¯ÈȆȯ˜ÈÚ

ÔÂÎӆȢچڈÂÓ‰†Ô˜˙‰†Æ˙Â˘È‚Ï†˙Âȯ„ÂÓ‰†˙¯„‚‰‰†ÏÚ†‰ÂÚ†‰È‡Â†˙˘ÂÈÓ†±π∂µ†–†‰¢Î˘˙‰†¨‰È·‰Â

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Schriner, K. F., Barnartt, S. N. & Altman, B. M. (1997).“Disabled Women and Public Policy:

Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Going”.Journal of Disability Policy Studies 8 (1 & 2 ): 1-6.

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Center on Human Policy, Syracuse University. http://soeweb.syr.edu/thechp/womdis2.htm

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מכתבךשבנדוןהועברלטיפולי.

בבדיקהשערכתי,לאעולהכיישבעיהמהסוגשהעלית.

כמו-כן,ברצונילעדכנךכילמכביישנושירותקהילתיאיכותיומקצועיבתחוםהגניקולוגיבסניףכהנמןבבניברקהמשמשגםכמוקדלטיפולבנשים.

יחדעםזאת,כפישהנךיודעת,מכביחרטהעלדגלהאתזכותחופשהבחירהולכן,בכלמקרהשלאניתןלבצעבדיקהכלשהיאבסניףומטופלתבעלת

מוגבלותתבחרלקבלאתהשירותבמעייניהישועה,הרישבהחלטתינתןהתחייבותבהתאם.

העתק:פרופ'יהושעשמר,המנהלהכללי

20029ביולימ.דן-טיפוליםבמעייניהישועה

לנשיםעםמוגבלות

בברכה,

דר'אהודקוקיה

ראשאגףרפואי

מכבישירותיבריאות-המרכזאגףרפואה

+7

A Question of AccessAccessibility of Women’s Health Services in Israel

IntroductionThe following Position Paper seeks to raise public awareness of an issue rarely dealt with: theaccessibility of Women’s Health Services in Israel to women with disabilities. Equality in treatmentavailability for women with disabilities can exist only if two factors are observed: the special needsof women with various disabilities (physical, sensory, and mental disabilities); and the variedaspects of accessibility: actual accessibility, accessible medical equipment, and medical staff’sprofessional knowledge and attitude to patients.

The Position Paper deals with medical services designed exclusively for women, including Obstetricand Gynecological Clinics and Wards, Breast Cancer Detection Units, Osteoporosis DiagnosisUnits and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Clinics, and does not deal with services for the populationat large. The Paper is based on essays, research in Israel and abroad, an examination of the legalsituation in Israel, an accessibility survey of a sample of Gynecology Clinics, and interviews withwomen with disabilities. The excerpts quoted here are from interviews with health professionals,with women with disabilities and from the meetings of the Knesset Committee on the Status of Women.

Major PointsAwareness to Rights among Women with DisabilitiesMost people with disabilities in Israel, including women with disabilities, are not exposed to equal-rights education and are unaware of their basic rights. Experience in other areas has shown thatpressure groups can bring about far-reaching social changes – a conspicuous example beingwomen’s organizations, whose activities in the past 20 years overturned social attitudes to violenceagainst women and to equal opportunity. These organizations did not deal with issues pertainingto women with disabilities. Women with disabilities are now undergoing a similar process: theyrecognize the discrimination against them, learn about their rights in all areas, and act to realizethem.

Knowledge and Awareness among Health Professionals and Policy&MakersHealth professionals and policy-makers are unaware of the special needs and the complexity oftreatment of women with disabilities. Thus, for example, Israeli Medicine School assign no timefor the study of women with disabilities’ health, special needs or treatment, despite this being adistinct specialization area; in so doing, they perpetuate deficient treatment.

Lack of DataThe various needs of women with disabilities in Israel have never been methodically surveyed orexamined. This lack of a database prevents drawing up a comprehensive program for accessiblehealth services for women with disabilities. A comprehensive survey, followed by research, wouldconstitute a major tool for constructing a national plan for accessible health services. It should benoted that a study of women with disabilities in Israel, about to be published, is based on existingresearch rather than a survey, and its data are insufficient.

LegislationIsraeli legislation refers to the right of people with disabilities to equality and dignity, and forbidsdiscrimination against them in various areas of life. These significant laws indeed guide the variousauthorities – the legislature, the judiciary and the executive – in decisions regarding making services

+)

accessible; however, there is still no law defining accessibility or ordering accessibility of services.A proposed amendment to the Equal Rights for People with Disabilities Law (Accessibility,Housing and Aid within the Community, Leisure and Sport, Learning and Education, Legislature,Special Needs and Information) 2001 – henceforth ‘Proposed Amendment to the Equality Law’determines the right to accessibility, obligates accessibility of existing public places and setsaccessibility arrangements for planned places. The proposal passed its first reading in December2000, and awaits further legislating process.

Definition of AccessibilityAccessibility implies independent, equal and dignified use. Various approaches and definitionsof accessibility abound in Israel. For example, the Health Service providers (‘Sick Funds’) donot consider one step at a clinic entrance to be a serious impediment, even though this one singlestep makes the building inaccessible to many disabilities. The existing definition of accessibilityin the Planning and Building Law 1965 is outdated and does not comply with modern definitionsof accessibility. The standard proposed by the Standard Institute (I.S. 1918), when accepted, willrectify this fault.

Lack of Comprehensive Accessibilty ProgramNeither the Ministry of Health nor the Health Service providers have a comprehensive plan formaking health services (buildings and equipment) accessible to women with disabilities. Althoughawareness of the issue is growing, making the services accessible is not accompanied by methodicalexpert instruction. Clinics are partially accessible, and the needs of women with disabilities havenot been researched or surveyed methodically.

BudgetingAdequate budgeting determines the outcome of any project, including making women’s healthservices accessible to women with disabilities. Budgets allocated by the Ministry of Health andthe Health Services for making public buildings accessible are inadequate and do not coveraccessibility of general and medical equipment. The Social Insurance Institute assists in makingbuildings accessible according to fixed criteria, and health service buildings are not includedamong those entitled to assistance. There is no budget at all for making the actual serviceaccessible, e.g. sign-language or a hydraulic examination bed.

Sample SurveyThe results of a sample survey on the accessibility of Gynecological Clinics are enclosed. Thecriteria for accessibility are those of the Israeli Standard Institute (I.S. 1918). The results areharsh: not one of the 24 surveyed clinics fulfilled all basic rules of accessibility, and only sixfulfilled more than half the examined criteria.

Proposed ModelA model is proposed for an accessible gynecological clinic. The model covers accessible structureand equipment, and discusses the awareness women with disabilities are entitled to when seekingmedical treatment.

RecommendationsAmong the actions recommended for making women’s health services accessible are: constructingand budgeting for a progressive accessibility program; a thorough and comprehensive collectionof data on the special medical needs of women with disabilities; and the inclusion of womenwith disabilities’ health issues in medical studies.