Water Resources Management in Indonesia

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IR. ANGGIA SATRINI, M. ENG.IR. ANGGIA SATRINI, M. ENG.Head of Section for River, Lake and Head of Section for River, Lake and

ReservoirReservoirfor Easten Regionfor Easten Region

Directorate of River, Lake and Directorate of River, Lake and ReservoirReservoir

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Republic of IndonesiaMinistry of Public WorksDirectorate General of Water Resources

Dresden Germany, 1 – 23 Dresden Germany, 1 – 23 September 2005September 2005

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

By Anggia SatriniDresden, 1 – 23 Sept 2005

Western Region

Sumatera (437.606 km²)Java (32.200 km²)Kalimantan (539.450 km²)Bali (5.560 km²)

Eastern Region

Sulawesi (189.035 km²)Maluku ( 75.500 km²)Lesser Sunda Islands and Papua (421.952 km²)

INDONESIA17.508 islands, 6.000 inhabited84.000 km coastline1.904.570 km²

MALUKU

Part of ‘Ring of Fire’Largest number of active volcanoes in the world (13%)

500 volcanoes, 129 are active

TsunamiIndonesia, SrilankaIndia, Thailand,Somalia, Myanmar,Malaysia, Maladewa,Seychelles, Bangladesh,Tanzania, South Africa,Kenya, Madagascar

ClimaClimatete

Two seasons :Wet season : Oct – MarchDry season : Apr – Sept

Temperature : 18 – 33 CHumidity : 60 – 80 %

Average Annual Average Annual RainfallRainfall

Islands1. Sumatera2. Java 3. Nusa Tenggara4. Kalimantan

mm/year 2.100 2.200 3.200

Islands5. Sulawesi6. Maluku7. Irian

mm/year 2.600 2.600 1.500 2.800

7

64

32

1

5

Population :The fourth largest population after China, India, and USA207.6 million people (census 2000)Population density : 108/km²Growth rate : 1.2%500 different languages/dialectOfficial Language : Indonesia

Java is the most populous island :120.4 million people (58%)

PopulatPopulationion

Indonesia has about 500 lakes covering a total of 5,000 km² or 0.25% of the country's land area.

Many of them are already under heavy use for

irrigation schemes, as water supplies for

industries and human settlements, as

receptacles of waste products, for fisheries

and recreation activities.

Nation staple food is riceSelf sufficiency in rice in the early 1990’sRice production has fallen in 2002 --- imported rice

In Java and Sumatera Islands, conversion agricultural lands to other uses

At the latest decades, food self-sufficient become worse : lack capability to manage water lack of sustainable financing management deforestation on the upper watershed

Water Resources Water Resources PotentialPotential

9 countries abundant 9 countries abundant of water :of water :

1. Brazil 5.670 km³/year

2. Russia 3.904 km³/year

3. China 2.880 km³/year

4. Canada 2.856 km³/year

5. Indonesia 2.530 km³/year

6. USA 2.478 km³/year

7. India 1.550 km³/year

8. Colombia 1.112 km³/year

9. Zaire 1.020 km³/year

Sumber: Water Resources Institute Washington 1991

5,590 rivers 94.1% less than 50 km long15 rivers longer than 400 kmMost rivers are short with limited flood carrying capacity

WATER BALANCE BY ISLAND

YEAR 2003

545,377.0 (Juta m ³) 28% Total Nationalrainy season dry season

381,763.9 (Juta m ³) 163,613.1 (Juta m ³)

137.2 (Juta m ³) 0.1 % Total Nationalrainy season dry season57.2 (Juta m ³) 80.0 (Juta m ³)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

PAPUA ISLANDTotal Availability of W ater

Total Dem and of W ater


384,774.4 (Juta m ³) 96,193.6 (Juta m ³)

19,965.7 (Juta m ³) 18 % Total Nationalrainy season dry season

8,319.0 (Juta m ³) 11,646.7 (Juta m ³)SURPLUS SURPLUS

Total Availability of W ater


SUM ATERA ISLAND


389,689.3 (Juta m ³) 167,009.7 (Juta m ³)




KALIM ANTAN ISLANDTotal Availability of W ater


129,400.2 (Juta m ³) 14,377.8 (Juta m ³)



SULAW ESI ISLANDTotal Availability of W ater



101,160.8 (Juta m ³) 25,290.2 (Juta m ³)


27,432.9 (Juta m ³) 38,406.1 (Juta m ³)SURPLUS DEFISIT

JAVA AND BALI ISLANDSTotal Availability of W ater



37,940.4 (Juta m ³) 4,215.6 (Juta m ³)


1,440.0 (Juta m ³) 4,320.0 (Juta m ³)SURPLUS DEFISIT

Total Availability of W ater


NUSA TENGGARA ISLANDS


49,420.8 (Juta m ³) 12,355.2 (Juta m ³)

235.7 (Juta m ³) 0.2% Total Nationalrainy season dry season98.2 (Juta m ³) 137.5 (Juta m ³)

SURPLUS SURPLUS


M ALUKU ISLANDTotal Availability of W ater

Overexploitation of groundwater has led to critical problems

In Jakarta : saline groundwater depleted groundwater table caused land subsidence

Water Resources Water Resources DemandsDemands

Estim atedRegion DMI River Irrigation Fishpond Livestock Total natural

Maintenance Dem and BasinDischarge

Sum atera 2,630 2,733 15,992 1,275 155 22,766 482,173 Jawa & Bali 9,850 9,799 54,918 809 258 74,569 122,699 Kalim antan 768 820 3,643 753 29 6,014 556,700 Sulawesi 686 769 14,243 354 110 16,612 143,343 Maluku & NT 406 444 5,526 40 69 6,485 45,909 Irian Jaya 107 124 48 0 2 281 496,422 Indonesia 14,447 14,689 94,370 3,231 623 126,727 1,847,246

Unit : MCM

Annual Water Demand and Estimated Natural Basin Discharge in 2020

Efforts on Water Resources Efforts on Water Resources DevelopmentDevelopment

5.5 million Ha technical irrigation systems and 1.6 million Ha village irrigation systems, more than 236 reservoirs and 12,500 diversion structures2,200 MW of hydropower generation (20% nation capacity)Urban and rural water supply systems of 100,000 l/secReclamation of 3.3 million Ha of swamplandMore than 18,000 Ha of fishponds1.96 million Ha of flood protected lowland & urban area

Sustainable Irrigation Sustainable Irrigation SystemsSystems

Municipal and Industrial Municipal and Industrial Water SupplyWater Supply

Institution Deficiencies in Institution Deficiencies in WRM :WRM :

Water allocation priorities neither clarify the allocations amongst specific users, nor do they set priorities under long term and emergency shortages.Service on safe drinking of water is available to only part of the population.For what aspects of resource development and management should society pay? To what extend should activities be subsidized? Indonesia’s water resources sector faces increasingly complex long-term investment challenges and management problems

P.BETUAH

P.TABUAN

Campang

Batu Lunik

Tiram

Karangberak

Belimbin

g

W.Nipah

W.Awi

Way

Ngarip

Sanggi Gisting

Tl.Padang

RajabasaPekon Mah

TanjungpenaPendawan

Mendiri

Krui

PugungtampakLIWA

Pajarbulan

Bukit Kemuning

G.Labuhan

Baradatu

Kasui

G.Katon

Simpang empat

Belambangan Umpu

Mesir Ilir Pakuan

Ratu

Serupa Indah

Aji KagunganWay Rarem

Pringsewu

Gedung Tataan

Sukadana

Putih Doh

Panjang

Natar

Pugung RaharjoSribawono

Simpang

Labuhan Maringai

Negeri AgungJabung Asahan

Beringin

SidomulyoPalas

KALIANDA

Bakauheni

Penengahan

Ketapang

P.SEBESI

P.SEBUKU

P.SIUNCAL

P.LEGUNDI

Menggala

Pematang Panggang

Pagar Dewa Wira Laga

Tedung Geram

Sungai SidangTalang

BatuGedung Ajibaru

Rawa Jitu

Gedung Aji

TELUK SEMANGKA

S A M U D E R A I N D O N

E S I A

TELUK LAMPUNG

SELAT

SUNDA

LAUT

JAWA

PROPINSI BENGKULU

SUMATERA SELATAN PROVINCE

Bawan

g

Way Mesuji

Way Buyut

W a y P e d ad a

Way Terusa

n

pu

Way Pengubuan

Batang

Way

D.Jepara

Way Pisang

Wa y K

etib u

n g

Sulan Bekerang

Way

Sekampung

Way

Put ih

Way Ratai

Kanan

Way Pisa

ng

Way Tahmi

Way

Tangkas

Way Um

pu

Way

Kiri

Way Tulung Buyut

WayS

un

Way Abu

Way Sabuk

WayRa

Way

Tatayan

Waya

Way Tebu

Way Semak

Way Padang Rat

u

W.Menang

KananW.

M.Ki

ri

Way

Kota AgungWay

Sabu

Way

Sukadana

dung

Sen

Way

r

gkal

Way Tu lang

Way

ng

em

hari

Way

yangLem

Way

Way

Padang Ratu

Pemeriha

nRumbia

Seputih Surabaya

Way Se

putih

Seputih Raman

Way Ra

manSumberjaya

Way dis

Kan

D. RANAU

METRO

Seputih Banyak

IBUKOTA KECAMATAN

BATAS WILAYAH SUNGAI

IBUKOTA PROPINSIIBUKOTA KABUPATEN

BATAS PROPINSIBATAS KABUPATEN

JALAN NEGARAJALAN PROPINSIJALAN KERETA API

SUNGAI

AIRPORT

PELABUHAN

KETERANGAN :

Way Bungur

Tegineneng Brant

i

KOTABUMI

Besar

5

321

7

Simpang Pugung

Gunung Batin

6

4

8

31 BANDAR LAMPUNG

project area

The Irrigation Area of Way Sekampung, Lampung Province

Sanggi Gisting

Tl.Padang

Bukit Kemuning

G.Labuhan

Baradatu

G.Katon

Simpang empat

Belambangan Umpu

Mesir Ilir Pakuan Ratu

Serupa Indah

Aji KagunganWay Rarem

Pringsewu

Gedung Tataan

NatarPugung Raharjo

SribawonoSimpang

Labuhan Maringai

Negeri AgungJabung

Menggala

Gedung Aji

LAUT

JAWA

W a y P ed ad a

Way Terusa

n

Way Pengubuan

Way

Batanghari

Way

D.Jepara

Sulan Bekerang

WaySek

ampung

Way Pisa

ng

Way Ki

ri

Way TulungBuyut

WayS

un

Way Abu

Way Sabuk

Way Rare

m

Way

Tatayan

Waya

Way Semak

WayPadang

Way Ka

ndis

Besar

Suk a

dana

gkal

Way Tulang Bawang

Way Kanan

ng

Way Le

mpuyan

g

Way

Padang Ratu

Seputih Surabaya

Way

Seputih

Way Ra

manSumberjaya

Way

METRO

Seputih Banyak

Way Bungur

TeginenengBranti

KOTABUMI

3

21

7

Simpang Pugung

Gunung Batin

4

31 BANDAR LAMPUNG

1. DI. PUNGGUR UTARA 31.500 Ha2. DI. WAY BATANG HARI UTARA 7.226 Ha3. DI. WAY RAMAN UTARA 6.515 Ha4. DI. WAY BUNUT 7.233 Ha5. DI. WAY RUMBIA 17.334 Ha6. DI. WAY RUMBIA BARAT 5.790 Ha7. DI. WAY BEKRI 6.500 Ha 8. DI. WAY BATANG HARI 11.562 Ha

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6

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3

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The Irrigation Area of Way Sekampung, Lampung Province

The Irrigation Area of Way Sekampung, Before and After Rehabilitation and Completing of Batutegi Dam

IrrigationArea Direct Return Total-1 Direct Return Total-2

Flow Flow Flow Flow Canal 420 - 420 463 - 463 Batanghari 7,600 - 7,600 11,562 - 11,562 Bunut 4,980 - 4,980 7,233 - 7,233 Punggur Utara 14,500 - 14,500 31,500 - 31,500 Ram an Utara - 3,000 3,000 2,565 3,950 6,515 Batanghari Utara - 3,900 3,900 3,176 4,050 7,226 Bekri - - - 6,500 - 6,500 Rum bia Barat - - - 5,790 - 5,790 Rum bia Barat - - - 14,551 2,783 17,334 Total Area 27,500 6,900 34,400 83,340 10,783 94,123

After Rehabilitation andCom pleting of Batutegi Dam

Before Rehabilitation

Water Resources Management in Indonesia

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