vFkZO;oLFkk ekUklwu dk tqvk gSa | Hkkjrh; tu la

Sophia Girls’ College, Ajmer (Autonomous)

End Semester Examination Semester I – (2015)

Class : B.A - Economic Honours – Part I Paper III : [ECOH - 103]: Indian Economy

Time : 3 Hrs. M.M: 70

Section A [10 Marks]

Section A contains 10 questions and a candidate is required to attempt all 10 questions. Answer each question within 20 words. Each question is of one mark.

1. Indian economy is a gamble of the monsoon.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ekUklwu dk tqvk gSa | 2. Sex ratio in Indian population.

Hkkjrh; tu la[;k esa L=h iq#“k vuqikr | 3. What are the major sources of irrigation in India?

Hkkjr esa flapkÃ d¢ Áeq[k lk/ku crkb;s ? 4. Write the full form of SIDBI.

SIDBI dk foLrkjhr #i fyf[k;s | 5. Meaning of cottage and small scale industries.

dqVhj ,oa y?kq m/k¨x a dk vFkZ | 6. When was W.T.O established?

W.T.O dh LFkkiuk dc gqÃ ? 7. Meaning of Green Revolution.

gfjr Økafr dk rkRi;Z | 8. Meaning of H.D.I.

H.D.I.dk rkRi;Z |

9. Maximum percentage of working population of India is employed in which sector.

Hkkjr dh dk;Z‘khy tu la[;k dk lokZf/kd Áfr‘kr vFkZO;OkLFkk d¢ fdl {ks= esa dk;Zjr gSa\

10. Define National Income.

jk“Vªh; vk; d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, |

Section B [15 Marks]

Section B contains 6 questions and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions, at least 1 from each

unit. Answer each question within 75-100 words. Each question is of 5 marks.

UNIT I

11. Discuss briefly the measures taken by the government to bring in structural reforms in Indian Economy.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa lajpukRed lq/kkj d¢ fy, ljdkjh mik;ä d¨ laf{kIr esa le>kb, |

12. What are the components of Human Development Index?

ekuo fodkl lwpdkad d¢ vO;; d©u ls gSa\

UNIT II

13. What are the sources of Rural Credit?

Xkzkeh.k lk[k d¢ D;k L=¨r gSa \ 14. What do you mean by Agriculture inputs in India?

Hkkjr esa dwf“k iM+rä ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gSa \ UNIT III

15. Role of IFCI in Industrial Development.

v©/k¨fxd fodkl esa IFCI dh Hkwfedk | 16. Write the main problems of Public Enterprises in India.

Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud miØeä dh eq[; leL;k,¡ fyf[k;s |

Section C [45 Marks]

Section C – Answer any three questions within 400 words each, selecting one from each unit. Each question

is of 15 marks.

UNIT I

17. Explain the basic features of Indian Economy.

Hkkjr dh vk/kkjHkwr fo‘ks“krk,¡ d¨ le>kb;s | OR

What are the problems of over population in India and its economic consequences? Discuss.

tu la[;kf/kD; ls Hkkjr esa mRiUu leL;k,¡ d©ulh gSa rFkk mldk vkÆFkd ÁHkko D;k gSa \ le>kb;s |

UNIT II

19. Explain the main factors determining Agriculture productivity in India.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k mRikndrk d¢ eq[; fu/kkZjd ?kVdä dh O;k[;k dhft, |

OR

Explain the effect of W.T.O on Agriculture in India.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k ij W.T.O d¢ ÁHkko d¨ le>kb;s |

UNIT III

20. Explain the Industrial Policy of 1991.

1991 dh v©/k¨fxd uhfr d¨ le>kb;s |

OR

Explain the importance of small scale industries in Indian Economy? Also explain the problems.

Hkkjr dh vFkZO;OkLFkk esa y?kq m/k¨x a dk D;k egRo gS\ budh leL;kv a d¨ Hkh le>kb;s |


Semester - I - (2015) End Semester Examination

Class : B.A - Economics Honours– Part I Paper II : [ECOH-102]: Industrial Economics – I /



Section A contains 10 questions and a candidate is required to attempt all 10 questions. Answer each question within 20 words. Each question is of one mark.

1. Industry.

m/k¨x | 2. Backward linkage.

v/k¨xkeh lgyXurk | 3. Market structure.

cktkj lajpuk | 4. Sub Sectors.

mi{ks= | 5. Industrial Policy.

v©/k¨fxd uhfr | 6. Liberalization.

mnkjhdj.k | 7. Merger

foy; @ etZj | 8. Industrial location.

v©/k¨fxd ifjlheu | 9. Capacity Utilization.

mi;¨xhdj.k {kerk | 10. Define Industrial Economics.

v©/k¨fxd vFkZ‘kkL= dh ifjHkk“kk |


Section B contains 7 questions and a candidate is required to attempt 5 questions, at least 1 from each

unit. Answer each question within 50 words. Each question is of 3 marks.

UNIT I

11. How do industries lead to economic development?

m/k¨x fdl Ádkj ls vkÆFkd fodkl djrs gS \ 12. Explain market conduct.

cktkj vkpj.k d¨ le>kb, |

UNIT II 13. Explain the concept of ownership and control of organization of a firm.

,d QeZ d¢ laxBu esa LokfeRo ,oa fu;U=.k dh vo/kkj.kv¨a d¨ le>kb;s | 14. What is cooperative society?

lgdkjh lfefr D;k gS \ 15. Role of public sector companies in a mixed economy.

lkoZtfud {ks= dh daiuh;¨a dh fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkwfedk |

UNIT III 16. Mark up pricing.

ekdZ vi ewY; fu/kkZj.k | 17. Sergeant Florence Theory of industrial location.

v©/k¨fxd ifjlheu dh lktZUV ¶y¨jsUl dk fl)Ur | Section C [45 Marks]

Section C – Answer any three questions, selecting one from each unit. Answer each question within 400

words. Each question is of 15 marks.

UNIT I

18. Write an essay on industry and sectoral linkages.

m/k¨x ,oa {ks=h; lgyXurk ij fucU/k fyf[k, |

OR

Differentiate between monopoly and monopolistic competition.

,dkf/kdkj ,oa ,dkf/kjkRed Áfr;¨fxrk esa vUrj Li“V dhft, |

UNIT II

19. Explain the objectives of a firm.

QeZ d¢ mís‘; le>kb, |

OR

Write a note on theory of contestable markets.

daVsLVcy ekdZsV d¢ fl)kar ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k, |

UNIT III

20. Explain Weber’s theory of industrial location.

oscj d¢ m/k¨x¨a d¢ LFkku d¨ fl)kar dh O;k[;k dhft, | OR

Define diversification of firm. Does it relate to market structure? Analyze the impact of diversification of firm on consumer.

QeZ d¢ fofof/kdj.k dh ifjHkk“kk nhft, D;k ;g cktkj <+k¡ps ls lEcfU/kr gS QeZ d¢ fofof/kdj.k d¢ ÁHkko dk miHk¨Drk ij fo‘ys“k.k dhft, |


Semester I End Semester Examination – I

Class : B.A Economics Honours– Part I Paper I : [ECOH-101]:Micro Economics



Section A contains 10 questions (20 words each) and a candidate is required to attempt all 10 questions. Each question is of one mark.

1. What is the basic problem of an economy?

fdlh vFkZ O;oLFkk dh ewy leL;k D;k g¨rh gS\ 2. What do you mean by ‘paradox of thrift’?

cpr dk foj¨/kkHkkl ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gS\ 3. Why does demand curve slope downwards?

ek¡x oØ dk <+ky uhps dh v¨j D;¨a g¨rk gS\ 4. Define utility.

mi;¨fxrk d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, 5. Why are indifference curves convex to the origin?

rVLFkrk oØ ewy fcUnq ls mUUr¨nj D;¨a g¨rs gS\ 6. What is consumer’s surplus?

miHk¨Drk dk vfrjsd D;k gS\ 7. What is ‘Griffin Good’?

fxfQu oLrq D;k gS\ 8. Write the Cobb Douglas production function?

dkWc Mxyl mRiknu Qyu fyf[k, 9. What are external economics?

cká ferO;;rk,sa D;k gSa\ 10. In the short run, which stage is best for production?

vYidky esa mRiknu d¢ fy, loZJs“kB voLFkk d©u lh gS\


Section B contains 6 questions (75-100 words each) and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions,

selecting at least one from each unit. Each question is of 5 marks.

UNIT I 11. What is the scope of Economics subject?

vFkZ‘kkL= fo“k; dh fo“k;oLrq D;k gS\

12. What is the ‘Law of Demand’?

ek¡x dk fu;e D;k gS\

UNIT II 13. Explain the basic difference between cardinal and ordinal utility approaches.

la[;kRed ,oa fn‘kkRed mi;¨fxrk –f“Vd¨.k esa ewy vUrj d¨ le>kb, 14. Explain the concept of income elasticity of demand

ek¡x dh vk; y¨p dh vo/kkj.k le>k,

UNIT III 15. What do you mean by a production function?

mriknu Qyu ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gS\ 16. Explain the properties of iso cost curve.

le¨Rikn oØ dh fo‘ks“krk,¡ le>k,


Section C – Answer any three questions (400 words each), selecting one from each unit. Each question is of

15marks.

UNIT I

17. Explain the static, comparative static and dynamic analysis of an economy’s functioning.

,d vFkZO;oLFkk dh dk;Z Á.kkyh d¢ LFkSfr~d] rqyukRed LFkSfrd ,oa xO;kRed fo‘ys“k.k d¨ le>k,

OR Explain the price mechanism in detail. How is equilibrium attained in the market? Explain.

dher Á.kkyh d¨ foLrkj ls le>k, cktkj esa lUrqyu fdl Ádkj LFkkfir g¨rk gS \ le>k,

UNIT II 18. Explain with the help of a diagram, the price, income and substitution effects of a Griffin

good.

fp= dh lgk;rk ls fxfQu oLrq dh dher] vk; v©j ÁfrLFkkiu ÁHkko le>k, OR

What is a budget line? Explain the equilibrium of a consumer with the help of indifference curve.

ctV js[kk D;k gS\ rVLFkk oØ¨a dh lgk;rk ls

miHk¨Drk d¢ lUrqyu d¨ le>k,

UNIT III

20. Differentiate between short run and long run stages of production.

vYidkyhu ,oa nh/kZdkyhu mRiknu dh voLFkkv¨a esa vUrj crk, OR

Explain with diagram the least cost combination of production. What are ridge lines? Explain.

fp= dh lgk;rk ls mRiknu esa U;wure ykxr la;¨x le>k, fjt js[kk,a D;k g¨rh gSa \ le>k,


Semester I End Semester Examination – I

Class : B.A - Economics Honours – Part I Paper IV : [ECOH-104]: Quantitative Techniques and Statistical Methods– I



Section A contains 10 questions and a candidate is required to attempt all 10 questions. Each question is of one mark. Answer each question within 20 words.

I. Explain the following:

1. Variables

pj | 2. Homogenous function

le:ih; Qyu | 3. Point of inflexion

bUQysD'ku fcUnq | 4. Matrix

eSfVªDl | 5. Sampling

izfrp;u | 6. Primary Data

izkFkfed laed | 7. Harmonic Mean

gjkRed ek/; | 8. Range

foLrkj | 9. Coefficeint of variation

fopj.k xq.kkad | 10. Quartile Deviation

prqFkZd fopyu |


Section B contains 6 questions and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions, at least 1 from each unit. Answer each question within 75-100 words. Each question is of 5 marks.

UNIT I

11. If C = 0.8Q + 3000, find average and Marginal cost.

;fn C = +0.8Q + 3000] vkSlr ,oa lhekUr ykxr Kkr dhft, | 12. Find maxima/ Minima from the following?

fuEu esa ls vf/kdre@U;wure Kkr dhft, | Y= x3-6x2+9x-2

UNIT II 13. Prove that

fl) dhft,,

1 1 1� � ��2 �2 �2

= (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)

14. Name 3 methods of sampling?

izfrp;u dh rhu jhfr;ksa ds uke crkb;s \

UNIT III 15. Write the formula for calculating Geometric mean?

xq.kksÙkj ek/; dks gy djus dk lw= fy[kksa \ 16. If variance is 25 and arithmetic mean is 10 what is the value of coefficient of variation?

;fn izlj.k 25 rFkk lekUrj ek/; 10 gks rks fopj.k xq.kkad dk ewY; D;k gS \


Section C – Answer any three questions, selecting one from each unit. Answer each question within 400 words. Each question is of 15 marks.

UNIT I 17. Find dy/dx of the following:

fuEu dk dy/dx Kkr dhft,%

(i) y = ex + e-x ex - e-x

(ii) y = x3 x2+1

(iii) x2y+xy2=25 OR

Find

Kkr dhft, (i) δz , δz , δ2z , δ2z

δx δy δx2 δy2

And prove

fl) dhft,

δ2z = δ2z for the followings δx δy δy δx

z = x2. e2y

(ii) Find the total derivative dz of the following

fuEu dk iw.kZ vodyu dz Kkr dhft, \ Z= 3x2+xy-2y3

UNIT II

18. Use Cramer's rule to solve the following:

dszej fu;e ls gy dhft, \ 2x1+4x2-3x3=12 3x1-5x2+2x3=13 -x1+3x2+2x3=17

OR

(i) Find the reverse of matrix

fuEu eSfVªDl dk izfrykse Kkr fdft, \

A =1 2 31 3 51 5 12

(ii) Find a and b

a rFkk b Kkr dhft, ;fn%

�� + � � − �1 2

� = �7 31 2

�

UNIT III

19. Calculate arithmetic mean and standard deviation and its coefficient from the following series:

fuEufyf[kr Js.kh esa lekukUrj ek/; rFkk izeki fopyu rFkk mldk xq.kkad Kkr dhft, \

Marks No. of students Less than 10 10 Less than 20 25 Less than 30 50 Less than 40 75 Less than 50 85 Less than 60 95 Less than 70 100

OR Distinguish between:

(i) Mean deviation and standard deviation (ii) Range and Quartile deviation

vUrHksn dhft, (i) ek/; fopyu rFkk izeki fopyu (ii) foLrkj ,oa prqFkZd fopyu


Semester I – 2016- 17 End Semester Examination – I

Class : BA Economics Honors – Part I Paper III : [ECOH-103]: Indian Economy – I

Time : 2 ½ Hrs. M.M: 70 Marks Instruction : In case of any doubt, the English version of paper stands correct.



I. Answer the following questions.

1. Human development index.

ekUko fodkl lwpdkad | 2. Sex ratio.

L=h iq#“k vuqikr | 3. Rural-Urban migration.

Xkzkeh.k & ‘kgjh iyk;u | 4. Productivity.

mRikndrk | 5. Land reforms.

Hkwfe lq/kkj | 6. Cropping patterns in India.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k <kaPkk | 7. Green revolution started in India in which year?

Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr d¨ ‘kq#kkr fdl o“kZ gqÃ| 8. Cottage Industries.

dqVhj m/k¨x | 9. Public sector Enterprising.

lkoZtfud {ks= d¢ miØe | 10. Multinational Corporation.

cgqjk“Vªh; fuxe |


Section B contains 6 questions (50 words each) and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions, at least 1

from each unit. Each question is of 5 marks.

II. Answer the following questions

UNIT I

11. Describe the occupational distribution of population in India, briefly.

Hkkjr esa tula[;k d¢ O;olkf;d forj.k dh laf{kIr O;k[;k dhft, |

OR

Write a brief note on National income in India.

Hkkjr esa jk“Vªh; vk; ij laf{kIr ys[k fyf[k,

UNIT II

12. What do you mean by Agricultural inputs in India?

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k iM+r¨ ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gS\

OR

What are the recent trends in Agricultural production in India?

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k mRiknu dh uohu Áofr;k¡ D;k gS\

UNIT III 13. Role of financial institution in Industrial Development.

fofRr; laLFkkvä dh v©/k¨fxd fodkl esa Hkwfedk |

OR What is the recent policy of government for Public sector enterprises in India?

Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud {ks= d¢ miØeä d¢ ckjs esa ljdkj dh orZeku uhfr D;k gS\


Section C – contains 6 questions. Answer any three questions (400 words each), selecting one from each

unit. Each question is of 15 marks.

III. Answer the following questions.

UNIT I

14. Describe demographic features of India according to 2011 census.

2011 dh tux.kuk d¢ vuqlkj Hkkjr dh tuafdd¨ fo‘ks“krkvä dk o.kZu dhft, |

OR

Describe how human development index are prepared?

o.kZu dhft, fd ekuo fodkl lwpdkWd fdl Ádkj rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa \

UNIT II

15. Write in detail the need for second green revolution.

f}rh; gfjr Økafr dh vko‘;drk ij foLr`r ys[k fyf[k, |

OR Explain in detail the role of rural credit and agricultural marketing in improving agriculture in India.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k d¨ mUUkr djus d¢ fy; Xkzkeh.k J`.k rFkk Ñf“k foIi.ku d¨ Hkwfedk ij foLr`r ys[k fyf[k, |

UNIT III 16. Write effects of industrial policy amendments and liberalization policies on

Industrial sector of India.

v©/k¨fxd uhfr la‘k¨/ku a rFkk m/kjhdj.k uhfr;¨a dk Hkkjrh; v©/k¨fxd {ks= ij ÁHkko crkb;s |

OR Explain the Industrial development under various plans (five year).

fofHkUu ;¨tukv¨a ¼ iap o“kÊ; ½ d¢ vUrZxr v©/k¨fxd fodkl ij Ádk‘k Mkfy, |

The End



Class : B.A Economics Honours – Part I Paper II : [ECOH-102]: Industrial Economics – I





1. Economic Development

vkÆFkd fodkl | 2. Industrial Economics

v©/k¨fxd vFkZ‘kkL= | 3. Firm

QeZ | 4. Market Structure

ckt+kj lajPkuk | 5. Productivity

mRikndRkk | 6. Industrial Sickness

v©/k¨fxd #X.krk | 7. Equity

bfDoVh ¼‘ks;j ½ | 8. Social Security

lkekftd lqj{kk | 9. Wages

etnwjh | 10. Bonus

c¨ul |




II. Answer the following questions UNIT I

11. Narrate the importance of industries in Economic Development.

v©/k¨fxd fodkl esa m/k¨x¨a d¢ eºRo d¨ le>k,a |

OR List the various objectives of the firm.

QeZ d¢ fofHkUu mís‘;¨a d¨ lwph c) djsa |

UNIT II

12. List the factors which affect the location of industries.

m/k¨x a d¨ LFkku ÁHkkfor djus okys dkjd a fd lwph cuk,a | OR

Explain the concept of productivity in brief.

mRikndrk dh vo/kkj.kk laf{kIr esa le>k,a | UNIT III

13. Write a short note on the situation of Bank Finance in India.

Hkkjr esa cSad for fd fLFkfr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksa |

OR Explain the concept of ‘Exit Policy’.

fudkl uhfr dh vo/kkj.kk le>k,a |





UNIT I

14. Explain linkage between industry and agriculture with examples.

m/k¨x v©j Ñf“k d¢ chp Lkaca/k d¨ mnkgj.k d¢ lkFk le>k,a | OR

Distinguish between the Linear and Interactive Structure Conduct Performance (ISCP) framework to study industrial behavior.

v©/k¨fxd O;ogkj d¢ v/;u d¢ fy, Á;qDr rduhd jSf[kd ,oa baVjSfDVo lajpuk vkpkj Án‘kZu ¼,l lh ih½ esa varj le>k,a |

UNIT II 15. Critically examine Weber’s theory of location.

oscj d¢ LFkku d¢ fl)kUr dh foospuk dhft;s |

OR Discuss the method of measurement of Industrial Productivity.

v©/k¨fxd mRikndrk d¢ eki dh fof/k d¨ le>k,a |

UNIT III

16. Explain the features of Joint Stock Companies.

la;qDr LVkWd daiuh dh fo‘ks“krkv¨a d¨ le>k,a | OR

Explain the role of Industrial Legislation in the Indian economy with examples.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa v© /k¨fxd fo/kku dh Hkwfedk d¨ mnkgj.k d¢ lkFk LIk“V dhft;s |

The End



Class : B.A – Economics Honours – Part I Paper I : [ECOH-101]: Micro Economics – I





1. What is economics ?

vFkZ’kkL= D;k gS \ 2. What do you mean by ‘Production Possibility Curve’?

mRiknu laHkkouk&oØ ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gS \ 3. Why does demand curve slope downwards?

ek¡x oØ dk <+ky uhps dh v¨j D;¨a g¨rk gS\ 4. Define Consumption.

miHkksx d¨ ifjHkkf"kr dhft, | 5. Why two indifference curves do not intersect?

rVLFkrk oØ ,d nwljs dks D;¨a ugha dkVrs gS\ 6. What is Cross Elasticity of Demand?

ekax dh frjNh yksp D;k gS\ 7. What is ‘Inferior Good’?

ghu oLrq D;k gS\ 8. Write the Cobb Douglas production function?

dkWc Mxyl mRiknu Qyu fyf[k, | 9. What are internal economies?

vkUrfjd&ferO;;rk,sa D;k gSa \ 10. What is an Iso-Quant?

,d leksRikn&oØ D;k gS \





11. Explain in brief the Nature of Economics as Science?

vFkZ’kkL= dh foKku ds :i esa izd`fr dks la{ksi esa le>kb;s\ OR

Mention in brief, the difference between Inductive and Deductive methods of Economic-Analysis.

vkfFkZd&fo’ys"k.k dh vkxeu o fuxeu fof/k esa vUrj dk la{ksi esa mYys[k dhft, | UNIT II

12. Explain in brief the maximization of utility as per the ‘Cardinal Utility Approaches’.

^x.kukokpd mi;¨fxrk –f"Vd¨.k* }kjk mi;ksfxrk ds vf/kdredj.k dks la{ksi esa le>kb;s\

OR Explain in brief the concept of Consumers’ Surplus.

miHkksDrk dh cpr dh vo/kkj.kk dks la{ksi esa le>kb, |

UNIT III 13. What do you mean by a production function?

mRiknu&Qyu ls vkidk D;k vfHkÁk; gS\ OR

Explain in brief the properties of an Iso-Quant curve.

,d le¨Rikn oØ dh fo’ks"krkvksa dks la{ksi esa le>kb, |





UNIT I

14. Explain in detail the Basic Economic Problems of an economy.

,d vFkZO;oLFkk dh izeq[k vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dks foLrkj ls le>kb, | OR

Describe in detail, the Scope of Economics.

vFkZ’kkL= ds {ks= dk foLrr o.kZu dhft, |

UNIT II 15. Explain in detail with the help of appropriate diagrams, the equilibrium of a Consumer as

per Hicksian Ordinal Approach.

mfpr js[kk&fp=ksa dh lgk;rk ls fgDl ds Øeokpd –f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj miHkksDrk ds lUrqyu dks foLrkj ls le>kb, |

OR Describe in detail the different methods of calculation of elasticity of demand.

ekax dh yksp dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk foLrr o.kZu dhft, |

UNIT III

1. Explain in detail, Returns to Scale with the help of hypothetical tables and diagrams.

dkYifud lkj.kh o js[kk&fp=ksa dh lgk;rk ls iSekus ds izfrQy dks foLrkj ls le>kb, |

OR Explain in detail, the Short-Run Production equilibrium of a producer with the help of appropriate table and diagrams.

mfpr lkj.kh ,oa js[kk&fp=ksa dh lgk;rk ls ,d mRiknd ds vYidkyhu&lUrqyu dks foLrkj ls le>kb, |

The End



Class : B.A Economics Honors – Part I Paper IV : [ECOH-104]: Quantitative Techniques and Statistical Methods – I




I. Explain the following:

1. Constant

fLFkjkad | 2. Function

Qyu | 3. Maxima

mfPp"B | 4. Determinant

lkjf.kd | 5. Census

lax.kuk | 6. Secondary Data

f}rh; laed | 7. Geometric Mean

Xq.kksÙkj ek/; | 8. Range

ijkl | 9. Standard deviation

fopj.k xq.kkad | 10. Dispersion

vifdj.k | Section B [15 Marks]

Section B contains 6 questions (50 words each) and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions, at least 1 from each unit. Each question is of 5 marks.


UNIT I 11. If TR = 20Q – Q2, find Average and Marginal Revenue.

;fn TR = 20Q – Q2 gS] vkSlr ,oa lhekUr vkxe Kkr dhft, | OR

Find maxima/ Minima from the following

fuEu esa ls vf/kdre@U;wure Kkr dhft, | Y= x3-3x2+9x+27

UNIT II 12. Inverse the matrix:-

vkO;wg dk izfrykse Kkr dhft,%&

A= 1 2 31 3 41 4 3

OR

Mention differences between Census and sampling method. lax.kuk o izfrp;u fof/k esa vUrj dk mYys[k dhft, |

UNIT III 13. A motor-cyclist completes 1Km. distance-race at successive quarters with the speed of 24, 32, 48

and 96 per hour respectively. Calculate harmonic-mean speed. ,d eksVj lkbfdy lokj 1 fd-eh- nwjh dh nkSM+ ds pkj leku [k.Mksa dks Øe’k% 24] 32] 48 o 96 dh xfr ls iwjh djrk gSA nkSM+ dh gjkRed&ek/; xfr Kkr dhft, |

OR If variance is 45 and arithmetic mean is 15 what is the value of coefficient of variation? ;fn izlj.k 45 rFkk lekUrj ek/; 15 gks rks fopj.k xq.kkad dk ewY; D;k gS \


Section C – contains 6 questions. Answer any three questions (400 words each), selecting one from each unit. Each question is of 15 marks.

III. Answer the following questions. UNIT I

14. Find dy/dx of the following: fuEu dk dy/dx Kkr dhft,%

(iv) y = x3-5x2+4x-10 (v) y = (x2+7) (x+1) (vi) y = 2x+2

3x+5 OR Find dy/dx of the following: fuEu dk dy/dx Kkr dhft,

(iii) y = axn logx2 (iv) y = (1+x2)7x (v) Find the total derivative dz of the following.

fuEu dk iw.kZ vodyu dz Kkr dhft,A Z= 3x2+xy-2y3

UNIT II 15. Use Cramer's rule to solve the following:

dszej fu;e ls gy dhft, \ x1+x2 +x3= 6 5x1-x2+2x3=9 3x1+6x2-5x3=0

OR

(iii) Find the reverse of matrix

fuEu eSfVªDl dk izfrykse Kkr dhft, \

A =1 3 31 3 41 4 3

(iv) Find a and b

a rFkk b Kkr dhft, ;fn%

�� + � � − �1 2

� = �7 31 2

�

UNIT III

16. Calculate arithmetic mean and standard deviation and its coefficient from the following series:

fuEufyf[kr Js.kh esa lekukUrj ek/; rFkk izeki fopyu rFkk mldk xq.kkad Kkr dhft, \

Marks No. of students 0-10 10 10-20 12 20-30 36 30-40 24 40-50 18 50-60 12 60-70 8

OR

Distinguish between: (iii) Mean deviation and standard deviation (iv) Dispersion and Skewness

vUrHksn dhft,

(iii) ek/; fopyu rFkk izeki fopyu

(iv) vifdj.k ,oa fo"kerk

The End


Semester I – 2017- 18 End Semester Examination

Class : B.A. [Eco. Hons.] Part-I Sub : Economics

Paper III : [ECOH-103]: Indian Economy - I Time : 2 ½ Hrs. M.M: 70 Marks Instruction : In case of any doubt, the English version of paper stands correct.



I. Answer the following questions

1. Birth rate.

tUe njA 2. Infant Mortality rate.

f’k’kq e`R;q njA 3. National Income.

jk"Vªh; vk;A 4. Rural Credit.

xzkeh.k lk[kA 5. NABARD.

ukckMZA 6. WTO (World Trade Organisation).

fo’o O;kikj laxBuA 7. Agricultural Marketing.

d`f"k foi.kuA 8. SIDBI. 9. Small Scale Industries.

y?kq m|ksxA 10. Public Sector Enterprising.

lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØeA





UNIT I

11. Write a short note on present population policy.

oRkZeku tula[;k uhfr dks laf{kIr esa le>kb;s\

OR

What do you mean by Human Development Index? ekuo fodkl lqpadkd ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

UNIT II

12. Explain the factors determining Agriculture productivity in India?

Hkkjr esa d`f"k mRikndrk dks fu/kkZj.k djus okys ?kVdksa dks le>k;sA

OR

What do you mean by Indian “Green Revolution” Explain.

Hkkjrh; ^^gfjr ØkfUr** ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ foospu dhft,A

UNIT III

13. Write a short note on Industrial development during plan period.

;kstuk dky esa ^vkS|ksfxd fOkdkl* ij laf{kIr ys[k fyf[k,A

OR

Explain the problems of small scale and cottage industries of Indian Economy.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa dqVhj ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa dh leL;kvksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A





UNIT I

14. Write a brief note on Indian natural resources – land, minerals, water resources and forest.

Hkkjr esa izeq[k izkdfrd lalk/kuksa & Hkwfe] [kfutksa] ty lalk/kuksa ,oa ouksa ij laf{kIr ys[k fyf[k,A

OR

What are the causes of high growth of Indian population, Explain the steps taken by the government to control population.

Hkkjr esa tul[;ka esa rhoz of) ds D;k dkj.k gSa\ tual[;k fu;=.k ds fy;s fd;s x;s ljdkjh iz;klksa dk mYys[k dhft;sA

UNIT II

15. How should WTO (World Trade Organisation) affect Indian agriculture?

fo’o O;kikj laxBu Hkkjrh; df"k dks dSls izHkkfor djsxkA

OR

What is the importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy? Explain the main obstacles in agriculture development.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k dk D;k egRo gSa\ df"k fodkl dh eq[; ck/kkvksa dh foospuk dhft;sA

UNIT III

16. Write main features of present Industrial policy of India?

Hkkjr es orZeku vkS|ksfxd uhfr ds izeq[k y{k.k crkb,A

OR

Explain the role of public sector enterprises in India’s Industrialization.

lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØeksa dh Hkkjr ds vkS|ksxhdj.k esa Hkwfedk dks le>kb;sA

The End



Class : B.A. - Economics Honours Paper II : [ECOH-102]: Industrial Economics




I. Answer the following.

1. Product Differentiation.

mRikn foHksnA 2. Active behavior of a firm.

QeZ dk lfØ; O;ogkjA 3. Objective of the firm.

QeZ ds mn~ns’;A 4. Debt.

_.kA 5. Industrial Productivity.

m|eh; mRikndrkA 6. Exit policy.

fudkl uhfrA ¼fu"dklu uhfr½ 7. Commercial bank.

O;kikfjd cSadA 8. Bonus.

cksulA 9. Industrial relation.

vkS|ksfxd lEcU/kA 10. Social security.

lkekftd lqj{kkA





UNIT I

11. Write the elements of Market Structure.

cktkj lajpuk ds RkRoksa dks fyf[k,A

OR

Explain the concept of constraints of growth. of) esa ck/kd rRo dh vo/kkj.kk dks le>kb,A

UNIT II

12. What do you mean by Industrial Location?

vkS|ksfxd ifjlheu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

OR

What are the conditions when a firm or Industry is declared sick?

D;k 'krsZ gSa tc fdlh QeZ ;k m|ksx dks chekj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSa\

UNIT III

13. What are the main problems of industrial finance in India?

Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd foÙk dh eq[; leL;k,as D;k gSa\

OR

What do you mean by labour market reforms?

Je cktkj lq/kkj dk;ZØe ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\





UNIT I

14. Explain the concept of ownership and control in an organization of a firm. What are the objectives of

a firm? ,d QeZ ds laxBu esa LokfeRo ,oa fu;U=.k dh vo/kkj.kkvksa dks le>kb,A ,e QeZ ds mn~ns’; dkSu ls gSa\

OR

Elaborate the relationship between Industry and economic development.

m|ksx rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl ds chp lEcU/k dks foLrkj ls le>kb,A

UNIT II

15. Explain the Sargent Florence theory of location. ltsZaV ¶yksjsal ds LFkku ds fl)kUr dks le>kb,A

OR

How do the size and growth constraints of a firm affect the productivity, efficiency and capacity utilization? QeZ ds vkdkj ,oa of) esa ck/kd rRo fdl izdkj QeZ dh mRikndrk dq’kyrk ,oa {kerk mi;ksfxrk dks izHkkfor djrs gSa\

UNIT III

16. Write short notes on any two of the following:

fuEu fyf[k, esa ls fdUgh nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A a. Social security.

lkekftd lqj{kkA b. Problem of bonus.

cksul dh leL;kA c. Exit policy.

fUk"dklu uhfrA

OR

Explain the various modes of finance in India.

Hkkjr esa foÙk ds fofHkUu rjhdksa dks le>kb,A

The End



Class : B.A. - Economics Honours Paper I : [ECOH -101]: Micro Economics I




I. Answer the following questions

1. Define Micro Economics.

o;f"V vFkZ’kkL= dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA 2. What is demand function?

ek¡x Qyu D;k gSa\ 3. Give any two factors which affect the supply.

iwfrZ dks izHkkfor djus okys fdUgh nks dkjdksa dks crkb;sA 4. Define Utility.

mi;ksfxrk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA 5. What is Budget Line?

ctV js[kk D;k gSa\ 6. Define elasticity of Demand.

ek¡x dh yksp dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA 7. What do you mean by consumer surplus?

miHkksDrk vkf/kD; ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ 8. Define ridge lines.

=`tq js[kkvksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA 9. What is expansion path?

foLrkj iFk D;k gSa\ 10. What are the external economics?

cká ferO;;rk,¡ D;k gS\





UNIT I

11. What is the Role of price mechanism in economics?

vFkZ’kkL= esa dher ra= dh D;k Hkwfedk gSa\

OR

Explain the positive and normative approaches of Economics? vFkZ’kkL= ds okLrfod ,oe~ vknZ’k nf"Vkdks.k dks le>kb;sA

UNIT II

12. Explain the Indifference curve. What are the properties of indifference curve?

mnklhurk oØ le>kb;sA mnklhurk oØ dh D;k fo’ks"krk,¡ gSa\ OR

Explain the various types of price elasticity of demand with the help of suitable diagram. laHkkfor fp=ksa dh lgk;rk ls dher ek¡x dh yksp ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dks le>kb;sA

UNIT III

13. Explain in brief the internal economics of scale.

vkUrfjd feRkO;;rkvksa dks la{ksi esa le>kb;sA

OR

Explain the concept of ridge lines with the help of diagram.

fp= dh lgk;rk ls =tq js[kkvksa dks le>kb;sA





UNIT I

14. What is Demand? Explain the law of demand. What are the exceptions of the law of demand?

ek¡x dk vFkZ D;k gSa\ ek¡x ds fu;e dks le>kb;sA ek¡x ds fu;e ds viokn D;k gSa\

OR

Explain market equilibrium in detail.

cktkj larqyu dks foLrkj ls le>kb;sA

UNIT II

15. Define and explain the law of Diminishing marginal Utility. What are its limitations?

mi;ksfxrk ál fu;e dks le>kb;sA bl fu;e dh D;k lhek,a gSa\ OR

Explain the Income effect and substitution effect and price effect with the help of Indifference curves. mnklhurk oØksa dh lgk;rk ls vk; izHkko LFkkiUUk izHkko ,oe~ dher izHkko dh O;k[;k dhft;sA

UNIT III

16. What do you mean by production function? Explain the difference between short run and long run

production function.

mRiknu Qyu D;k gSa\ vYidkyhu ,oe~ nh?kZdkyhu mRiknu Qyu esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A

OR

Explain in detail the least cost combination of factors. lk/kuksa ds U;wUre ykxr la;ksx dks foLrr esa le>kb;sA

The End



Class : B.A [Economic. Honours] Paper IV : [ECOH-104]: Quantitative Techniques




I. Define the following 1. Variables.

pjA 2. Minima.

fefEu"BA 3. Homogeneous function.

ltkrhi QyuA 4. Parameter

izkpyA 5. Primary Data.

izkFkfed leadA 6. Null Matrix.

'kwU; eSfVªDlA 7. Skewness.

fo"kerkA 8. Harmonic Mean.

gjkRed ek/;A 9. Median.

ekf/;dkA 10. Coefficient Variation.

fopj.k xq.kkadA


Section B contains 6 questions (50 words each) and a candidate is required to attempt 3 questions, at least 1 from each unit. Each question is of 5 marks.


11. If �� = �� − 10�� + 100�, then find AC and MC, Where will AC be minimum? ;fn �� = �� − 10�� + 100� gS] rks AC o MC Kkr dhft,] AC U;wure dgk¡ gksxh\

OR Differentiate the following:

vodyu Kkr dhft,A

� = �� + 1

� − 1��

UNIT II

12. If ;fn � = �1 2 22 1 22 2 1

�

Then prove (rks fl) dhft,): �� − 4� − 5� = 0

OR Differentiate between primary and secondary data.

izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d leadks esa Hksn dfj;sA

UNIT III 13. Find the 9th term of GP 1,3,9,27,81….

xq.kksÙkj Js.kh 1,3,9,27,81…. dk 9oka in Kkr dhft,A OR

The average marks of 100 students were 40. Later it was found that the marks of one student were missed as 14 instead of 74. Find correct mean marks.

100Nk=ksa ds vkSlr izkIrkad 40 FksA ckn esa ;g irk yxk fd ,d fo/kkFkhZ ds vad 74 ds LFkku ij 14 i<+s x;sA lgh vkSlr izkIrkad Kkr dhft,A


Section C – contains 6 questions. Answer any three questions (400 words each), selecting one from each unit. Each question is of 15 marks.

III. Answer the following questions. UNIT I

14. A) Differentiate the following:

vodyu dhft,A

i. � =��

��

ii. ��

��

B) If x=200-5p where p=10 than calculate elasticity of demand.

;fn x=200-5p tgk¡ p=10 gks rks ekax dh yksp Kkr dhft,A OR

A) Find Maxima/Minima/Point of inflaxion if there from the following. fuEu esa ls vf/kdre@U;wUkre@eksM+ dk fcUnw ;fn ;gk¡ gS rks Kkr dhft,A

� = �� + 3�� + 7� + 24 B) Define maxima, minima and point of inflaxion.

mfPp"B] fufEuf"B ,oa eksM+ ds fcUnw dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

UNIT II 15. Prove that :

fl) dhft,A

�� + ��

�� + �� + ��

� = &��

OR

Solve the following system of equation by Cramer’s law.

fuEu lehdj.kksa dks Øsej ds fu;e ls gy dhft,A

2� − 3� + 5� = 11 5� + 2� − 7� = −12 −4� + 3� + � = 5

UNIT III

16. Find out standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following series.

fuEu Js.kh ls izek.k fopyu vkSj fopj.k xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A

Marks (above) vad ¼ls vf/kd½

No. of Students fo/kkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k

0 100 10 90 20 75 30 50 40 25 50 15 60 5 70 0

OR

A) Calculate coefficient of Skewness if Mode =13, Mean=15,

the difference of two quartile=12 and sum of two quartile is 36.

fo"kerk xq.kkad Kkr dhft, ;fn cgqyd 13 lekUrj ek/; 15 nksuks prqFkZdksa dk vUrj 12 o prqFkZdksa dk ;ksx 36 gksA

B) What are the essentials of an ideal average? How far the geometric mean satisfies them?

,d vkn’kZ ek/; dh fo’ks"krk,¡ D;k gSa\ xq.kksÙkj ek/; mUgsa dgk¡ rd iwjk djrk gSa\



Class : B.A Economic Honours Paper II : [ECOH-102]:Economic Thought

Time : 2 ½ Hrs. M.M: 70 Marks Instruction : In case of any doubt, the English version of the paper stands correct.



I. Answer the following:

1. Explain ‘Trade as Zero sum Game’.

ßO;kikj ‘kwU; tek [ksyß le>k, |

2. Define ‘Trusteeship’.

ßljijLrhß le>k, |

3. What is profit according to Ricardo?

fjdkM Z d¢ eqrkfcd ßykHkß D;k gS \

4. Write any two main thoughts of Kautilya.

dwfVfy;k d¢ n¨ eq[; fopkj crk, |

5. Name the autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi.

egkRek xka/kh th dh vkRedFkk dk uke crk, |

6. Explain water- diamond paradox.

ikuh Mk;eaM iSjkMkDl D;k gS \

7. Who gave the scarcity definition of economics?

vFkZ‘kkL= dh ßLdklÊß ifjHkk“kk fdlus nh\

8. Differentiate between partial and general equilibrium.

vkaf‘kd v©j lkekU; larqyu d¢ chp varj |

9. Name two books given by Adam Smith.

,Me fLeFk dh n¨ fdrkc¨ dk uke fy[ks |

10. What is ‘no rent’ land according to Ricardo?

fjdkM Z d¢ vuqlkj ßfcuk fdjk;k Hkwfeß D;k gS \




II. Answer the following questions.

UNIT I

11. Define the concept of a reserve army given by Karl Marx.

dkyZ ekDlZ }kjk fn, x, ßj{kk vkeÊ d¢ ckjs esa crk, |

OR

‘Supply creates its own demand or Demand creates its own demand, Which statement according to

you is correct and why?

ß vkiwÆr [kqn viuh ekn cukrh gSß ;k ekWx [kqn viuh vkiwÆr cukrh gS vkid¢ vuqlkj n¨u¨ dFku¨ esa ls d©u lk dFku Bhd gS v©j D;¨a\

UNIT II

12. Explain liquidity trap theory given by Keynes.

dhUl dh ßpyfu/kh tkyß fl)kar crk, |

OR

Write a critical note on Jevon utility analysis.

tsou d¢ mi;¨fxrk fo‘ys“k.v ij ,d u¨V fy[ks |

UNIT III

13. Write short notes on Deen Dayal Upadhyay.

ßnhu n;ky mik/;k;ß ij ,d u¨V fy[ks |

OR

Kautilya

dqfVfy;k





UNIT I

14. Discuss briefly the ideas embodied in Adam Smith ‘Naturalism and optimism’.

,Me fLeFk d¢ ßuspqjhfyte v©j vkIrhekbTeß esa ‘kkfey fopkj a ij ppkZ djsa |

OR

Critically examine the contribution of Physiocrater to the economic theory and practice.

fQft;¨ØVl dk vÆFkd fl)kar v©j vH;kl ij vky¨pukRed ppkZ djsa |

UNIT II 15. What is meant by Neo-classism? Discuss the contribution of Marshall as Neo-Classism.

ßfu;¨DykflUeß dk D;k vFkZ gS ßfu;¨DykflTeß esa ek‘kZy d¢ ;¨xnku ij ppkZ djsa |

OR

Discuss the contributions of J.M Keynes in the development of Economic Theory.

vkÆFkd fl)kar d¢ fodkl esa ts ,e d¢usl d¢ ;¨xnku ij ppkZ djsa |

UNIT III

16. Briefly discuss the economic ideas of Mahatma Gandhi. How far do you consider their relevance in

the present era.

egkRek xka/kh th d¢ vkÆFkd fopkj crk, vkid¢ vuqlkj orZeku ;qx esa mud¢ fopkj fdrus Áklafxd gS |

OR

Discuss the contribution of the following thinkers on the development of Indian economic thought.

Hkkjrh; vkÆFkd fopkj d¢ fodkl ij fuEufyf[k, fopkjd¨a d¢ ;¨xnku ij ppkZ djsa |

1. B. R. Ambedkar.

ch vkj vEcsMdj

2. Dadabhai Navroji.

nknkHkkbZ u©j¨th

The End



Class : B.A Economic Honours Paper III : [ECOH-103]: Indian Economy – I





1. What is Regional economic disparities?

{ks=h; vkÆFkd fo“kerk,W D;k gS \

2. What are the reasons of backwardness of Indian economy?

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk d¢ fiNMsiu d¢ D;k dkj.k gS \

3. What is life expectancy?

ÁR;kf‘kr vk;q D;k gS \

4. What do you mean by Infrastructure?

vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk ls vki D;k le>rs gS \

5. What is land reform?

Hkwfe lq/kkj D;k gS \

6. What is Agricultural marketing?

Ñf“kxr foi.ku D;k gS \

7. Write two characteristics of Indian Agriculture.

Hkkjrh; Ñf“k dh n¨ fo‘ks“krk,¡ fyf[k, |

8. State the meaning of industrial policy.

v©|¨fxd uhfr dk vFkZ crkb, |

9. Write the full form of ‘SIDBI’.

,l vkÃ Mh ch vkÃ dk foLrkfjr #i fyf[k, |

10. How many industries are Reserve for public sector at present?

orZeku esa lkoZtfud {ks= d¢ fy, fdrus m|¨x a dh vkjf{kr fd;k gqvk gS \





UNIT I

11. Describe the basic characteristics of the Indian economy.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh ewyHkwr fo‘ks“krkv¨a dk o.kZu dhft, |

OR

What is the economic significance of the occupational distribution of population in India?

Hkkjr esa tula[;k d¢ O;kolkf;d forj.k d¢ vkÆFkd egRo ij Ádk‘k Mkfy, |

UNIT II

12. Describe the importance of agriculture in the Indian economy.

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf“k dk egRo le>kb;s |

OR

What are the defects of Agricultural credit in India?

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k foRr dh d©u d©ulh dfe;k¡ gS \

UNIT III

13. Discuss the main functions of IFCI.

Hkkjrh; v©/k¨fxd foRr fuxe ¼vkÃ ,Q lh vkÃ½ d¢ eq[; dk;¨± dh O;k[;k dhft, |

OR

What are the main problems of small scale Industries in India?

Hkkjr esa y?kq m|¨x a dh eq[; leL;k,¡ D;k gS \





UNIT I

14. Write demographic characteristics of India According to census 2011.

2011 dh tux.kuk dh vuqlkj Hkkjr dh tukafddh; fo‘ks“krkv a d¨ fyf[k, |

OR

Explain the recent trends of national income in India.

Hkkjr esa jk“Vªh; vk; dh uohure Áofr;¨a dh O;k[;k dhft, |

UNIT II

15. What is new Agricultural strategy adopted for the development of agriculture in India? Discuss.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“k fodkl d¢ fy, viukÃ xÃ Ñf“k dh uohu O;wgjpuk D;k gS \ foLrkj ls o.kZu dhft, |

OR

What are causes of law productivity of agricultural in India and what are measures to increase

productivity of agriculture? Discuss.

Hkkjr esa Ñf“kxr mRikndrk de g¨us d¢ D;k dkj.k gS\ rFkk Ñf“k mRikndrk c<+kus d¢ D;k mik; gS \ O;k[;k dhft, |

UNIT III

16. Critically examine the Industrial development in India after independence.

Hkkjr esa Lora=rk ÁkfIr d¢ i‘pkr v©/k¨fxd fodkl dh vky¨pukRed leh{kk dhft, |

OR

Explain the role of Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) in Industrial Development.

ßHkkjrh; v©/k¨fxd fodkl cSad dh v©/k¨fxd fodkl esa Hkwfedk crkb;s |

The end



Class : B.A Economics Honours Paper I : [ECOH-101]: Micro Economics





1. Define economics.

vFkZ‘kkL= d¨ ifjHkkf“kr djsa | 2. Why does an economic problem arise?

vkÆFkd leL;k D;¨a mRiUu g¨rh gS\ 3. What is market equilibrium?

cktkj larqyu D;k gS\ 4. What is unitary elasticity?

,drk y¨p D;k gS\ 5. Define the concept of cardinal utility.

dkÆMuy mi;¨fxrk dh vo/kkj.kk d¨ ifjHkkf“kr djsa | 6. What is the shape of an Indifference curve?

mnklhurk oØ dk vkdkj D;k g¨rk gS\ 7. Define Production Function.

mRiknu Qyu ifjHkkf“kr djsa | 8. What is an Iso Cost line?

le ykxr js[kk D;k g¨rh gS\ 9. Define Ridge Line.

_tq js[kk;sa ifjHkkf“k djsa | 10. Which method is used by Hicks to eliminate income effect when price of product is changed?

mRiknu dh dher cnYkrs le; vk; ÁHkko d¨ [kRe djus d¢ fy, fgDl }kjk d©u lh fof/k dk mi;¨x g¨rk gS ?





UNIT I

11. Differentiate between micro and macro economics.

lw{e v©j lef“V vFkZ‘kkL= d¢ chp vUrj crkb;s |

OR

Distinguish between shift in demand curve and movement along a demand curve.

ekax esa ladqpu rFkk foLrkj v©j ekax esa of) v©j deh esa vUrj crkb;s |

UNIT II

12. Discuss the three types of elasticity of Demand.

ekax d¢ rhu Ádkj d¢ y¨p dh ppkZ djsa |

OR

Explain the concept of consumer surplus.

miHk¨Drk vf/k‘ks“k dh vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k djsa |

UNIT III

13. Discuss the characteristics of an isoquant.

le¨Rikn oØ dh fo‘ks“krkv a ij ppkZ djsa |

OR

What is an expansion path? foLrkj iFk D;k gS\





UNIT I

14. Discuss the meaning, nature and scope of economics.

vFkZ‘kkL= d¢ vFkZ] ÁÑfr v©j nk;js ij ppkZ djsa |

OR

State and explain the law of demand with illustration, state its assumption and exceptions.

fp«k.k d¢ lkFk ekax d¢ fu;e d¨ crk, v©j le>k, bldh /kkj.kkv¨a v©j viokn d¨ crkb, |

UNIT II

15. Explain price, income and substitution effect when the price of a normal commodity falls. lkekU; oLrq dh dher fxjus ij ewY;] vk; v©j ÁfrLFkkiu ÁHkko dh O;k[;k djsa |

OR

What are the degrees of price elasticity of demand? Explain factors affecting elasticity of demand.

ekax dh dher y¨p fd Jsf.k;ka D;k gS ekax dh y¨p d¨ ÁHkkfor djus okys dkjd¨ dh O;k[;k djsa |

UNIT III

16. What are the returns of scale? Explain with help of diagrams.

iSekus dk ÁfrQy D;k g¨rk gS\ mi;qDr vkjs[k dh enn ls le>kv¨ |

OR

Explain the various economies and diseconomies of scale of operation. iSekus dh cprs v©j iSekus dh gkfu;k¡ le>kb;sa |



Class : B.A. Economics Honours. Paper IV : [ECOH-104]: Quantitative Techniques – I





1. What do you understand by straight line equation?

ljy js[kk lehdj.k ls vki D;k le>rs gS \

2. What is the importance of differentiation in economics?

vFkZ‘kkL= esa vodyu dk D;k egRo gS \

3. Write first condition of maxima and minima.

mfPp“B o fufEu“B dh ÁFke ‘krZ fyf[k, |

4. What is identity matrix?

ÃdkÃ eSfVªDl D;k gS \

5. What is singular matrix?

flaxqyj eSfVªDl D;k gS \

6. State the main utility of diagrammatic presentation.

fp=e; Án‘kZu dh Áeq[k mi;¨fxrk crkb, |

7. State the meaning of sample.

Áfrn‘kZ dk vFkZ crkb, |

8. When are the values of Mean, Mode and Median equal?

lekUrj ek/;] cgqyd ,oa e/;dk d¢ ewY; cjkcj dc g¨rs gS \

9. Define geometric Mean.

xq.k¨Urj ek/; d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, |

10. Find out coefficient of variation if:-

fopj.k xq.kkad Kkr dhft, ;fn

�� = 20�� = 200� = 4





UNIT I

11. Solve the following equation:-

fuEu lehdj.k d¨ gy dhft,:-

�� − 16� + 48 = 0

OR

Differentiate the following:- fuEu dk vodyu dhft, :-

� = �� 1 + ��

1 − ��

UNIT II 12. Given matrix � and �, show that �� ≠ ��:

nh gqÃ , ,oa ch eSfVªDl ls fn[kkb;sa �� ≠ ��:

� = �3 6 712 9 11

� � = �6 125 1013 2

�

OR

Distinguish between primary and secondary data.

ÁkFkfed o f}rh;d laed esa vUrj crkb;s

UNIT III

13. Why an average is called measure of central tendency?

ek/; d¨ d¢Uæh; Áofr dk eki D;¨ dgrs gS \

OR

Mean of 100 items is 50 and their standard deviation is 4. Find the sum of squares of all items.

100 en¨ dk lekUrj ek/; 50 rFkk Áeki fopyu 4 gS leLr in ewY;¨a d¢ ox Z dk ;¨x crykb, |





UNIT I

14. Differentiate any three of the following.

fuEu fyf[k, es ls fdUgh rhu dk vodyu dhft,

i. 5� = �� + �� + 3� ii. � = (��)�

iii. � =�

��

iv. � =(��)�

��

v. � = ��√1 − �� OR

Find maxim, minima and point of inflexion from the following function:

fuEu Qyu ls mfPp“B fuEu“B rFkk e¨M+ dk fcUnq Kkr dhft,

� = 40 + 3� + 2�� +��

3

UNIT II

15. Solve the following equations by matrix (Inverse) methods:- fuEu lehdj.k¨ d¨ eSfVªDl fo/kh ls gy dj¨a:-

� + � + � = 6 5� − � + 2� = 9 3� + 6� − 5� = 0

OR

Show clearly the necessity and importance of diagram in statistics. What precautions should be taken in drawing a good diagram? lkaf[;dh esa fp=¨a dh vko‘;drk ,oa egRo d¨ LiLV dhft;s ,d vPNs fp= dh jpuk esa fdu fdu lko/kkfu;¨ d¨ /;ku esa j[kuk iM~+rk gS \

UNIT III

16. From the following details calculate standard deviation and coefficient of variation.

fuEufyf[kr fooj.k a esa ls Áeki fopyu ,oa fopj.k xq.kkad dh ifjx.kuk djsa

Income in Rs No of Persons 31 and above 1 26 and above 5 21-25 20 1-20 43 6-15 25

Under 10 12 Under 5 5

OR

How will the Skewness be tested in a distribution? Explain with example and distinguish between

dispersion and skewness.

,d forj.k es fo“kerk dh tkWp fdl Ádkj dh tk;sxh\ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb, rFkk mifdj.k o fo“kerk es vUrj crkb, |

The End







I. Answer the following. 1. Which book was written by Adam Smith in 1776 that laid the foundation of modern economics?

1776 esa ,Me fLeFk }kjk d¨ulh iqLrd fy[kh x;h ftlls vk/kqfud vFkZ‘kkL= dh uhao j[kh x;h\ 2. What is the basic economic problem?

ewYkHkwr vkÆFkd leL;k D;k gS\ 3. In which commodities is the law of demand not applicable?

ek¡x dk fu;e fdu oLrqv a ij ykxw ugha g¨rk gS\ 4. What is the main objective of price mechanism?

dher rU= dk ewy mn~ns‘; D;k gS\ 5. Define marginal utility.

lhekUr mi;¨fxrk d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, | 6. What is Engel Curve?

,saty oØ D;k gS\ 7. Define Elasticity of Demand.

ek¡x dh y¨p d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, | 8. What do you understand by production function?

mRiknu Qyu ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ 9. What is diminishing returns to scale?

iSekus dk ?kVrk ÁfrQy D;k gS\ 10. What are Ridge lines?

fjt js[kk,¡ D;k gS\




II. Answer the following.

UNIT I

11. Differentiate between positive and Normative Economics.

okLrfod vFkZ‘kkL= ,oa vkn‘kZ vFkZ‘kkL= d¢ e/; vUrj dhft, |

OR

Give any five limitations of Micro Economics. O;f“V vFkZ ‘kkL= dh d¨Ã ik¡p ifjlhek,¡ fyf[k, |

UNIT II

12. Give any five exceptions of the law of diminishing marginal utility.

lhekUr mi;¨fxrk gkl fu;e d¢ d¨Ã ik¡p viokn crkb;s |

OR

Explain the concept of consumers surplus.

miHk¨Drk dh cpr vo/kkj.kk d¨ Li“V dhft;s |

UNIT III

13. Why does law of increasing returns operate?

o)Zeku ÁfrQy fu;e D;¨a ykxw g¨rk gS\

OR

What is an expansion path?

foLrkj iFk D;k gS\





UNIT I

14. Discuss the nature and scope of Economics. [5+10] vFkZ‘kkL= dh ÁÑfr ,oa {ks= dh foospuk dhft, |

OR

Explain the central problems of an economy. How are these problems solved in a free enterprise system? vFkZO;oLFkk dh d¢Uæh; leL;kv¨a dh O;k[;k dhft;s eqDr Á.kkyh esa bUgsa dSls gy fd;k tkrk gS\

UNIT II

15. Define Indifference curve. Discuss the main characteristics of indifference curves. [5+10]

mnklhurk oØ d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, mnklhurk oØä dh eq[; fo‘ks“krkvä dk foospu dhft, |

OR

Discuss the various methods for measuring elasticity of demand.

ek¡x dh y¨p d¨ ekius dh fofHkUu fof/k;ä dk foospu dhft, |

UNIT III

16. Describe Returns to Scale by using diagrams and tables

[8+4+3]

iSekus d¢ ÁfrQyä dh O;k[;k js[kkfp=ä ,oa rkfydkv a dk mi;¨x djrs gq, dhft, |

OR

Explain the equilibrium of a producer with the help of Isoquants and Isocast curves.

,d mRiknd dk larqyu le¨Rikn ,oa leykxr oØ a dh lgk;rk ls le>kb;s |

The End



Class : B.A. Pass Course Paper II : [ECOH 102]: Economic Thought





1. Write the names of any two mercantilists.

fdUgh Hkh nks okf.kdokfn;ksa ds uke fy[ksaA 2. Write the names of any two physiocrates.

fdUgha Hkh nks fQft;ksfØV~l ds uke fy[ksaA 3. Who popularized the concept of Division of labour?

Je foHkktu dh vo/kkj.kk fdlus izpfyr dh Fkh\ 4. Name any two works/books of Alfred Marshall.

,YÝSM ek’kZy jfpr dksbZ Hkh nks iqLrdksa ds uke fy[ksaA 5. Karl Menger belongs to which school of economic thought?

dkyZ esLtj dk lEcU/k vFkZ’kkL= dh fdl fopkj/kkjk ls gSa\ 6. What is a marginal land according to Ricardo?

fjdkMksZ us lhekUr Hkwfe fdl izdkj dh Hkwfe dks dgk gSa\ 7. Who is the author of the Book ‘Wealth of Nations’?

^jk"Vªksa dk /ku** bl iqLrd ds jpf;rk dkSu gSa\ 8. What was the concept of ‘Varta’ given by Kantilya?

dkWfVY; }kjk nh xbZ ^orkZ* dh vo/kkj.kk dk D;k vFkZ gSa\ 9. Write any two books authored by Mahatma Gandhi.

egkRek xk¡/kh }kjk fy[kh xbZ iqLrdksa ds uke fy[ksaA 10. Who gave the Drain Theory?

/ku&fu"dklu dk fl)kUr fdlus fn;k gSa\





UNIT I

11. Discuss the factors that shaped Mercantilism.

of.kdokn ds fuekZ.k dks izHkkfor djus okys rÙoksa ij ppkZ djsaA

OR

Explain the Malthusian theory of population. ekYFkl ds tula[;k fl)kUr dh O;k[;k djsaA

UNIT II

12. Critically examine Menger’s utility analysis.

esUTkj ds mi;ksfxrk fo’ys"k.k ij vkykspukRed fVIi.kh djsaA

OR

Write a critical note on Marshall’s demand analysis. ek’kZy ds fo’ys"k.k ij vkykspukRed fVIi.kh fy[ksaA

UNIT III

13. Throw light on the economic ideas of Manu. euw ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa ij izdk’k MkysaA

OR

Write a note B.R. Ambedkar economics ideas.

vEcsMdj ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa ij ys[k fy[ksaA





UNIT I

14. Explain the economic ideas of David Ricardo.

fjdkMksZ ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa dh O;k[;k djsaA

OR

Discuss in detail the economic ideas of Karl Marx.

ekDlZ ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa dk foLrr o.kZu djsaA

UNIT II

15. Explain the economics ideas of Walras.

okWyjl ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa dh O;k[;k djsaA

OR

Critically evaluation the economic ideas of Keynes. dsUt ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa dk vkykspukRed fo’ys"k.k djsaA

UNIT III

16. Throw light on economic ideas of Kautilya.

dkWfVY; ds vkfFkZd fopkjksa ij izdk’k MkysaA

OR

What is the contribution of the following Indian economic thinkers? a. Deen Dayal Upadhyay.

nhu n;k;y mik/;k;A b. Amartiya Sen.

veR;Z lsuA

The End







I. Answer the following. 1. Which book was written by Adam Smith in 1776 that laid the foundation of modern economics?

1776 esa ,Me fLeFk }kjk d¨ulh iqLrd fy[kh x;h ftlls vk/kqfud vFkZ‘kkL= dh uhao j[kh x;h\ 2. What is the basic economic problem?

ewYkHkwr vkÆFkd leL;k D;k gS\ 3. In which commodities is the law of demand not applicable?

ek¡x dk fu;e fdu oLrqv a ij ykxw ugha g¨rk gS\ 4. What is the main objective of price mechanism?

dher rU= dk ewy mn~ns‘; D;k gS\ 5. Define marginal utility.

lhekUr mi;¨fxrk d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, | 6. What is Engel Curve?

,saty oØ D;k gS\ 7. Define Elasticity of Demand.

ek¡x dh y¨p d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, | 8. What do you understand by production function?

mRiknu Qyu ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ 9. What is diminishing returns to scale?

iSekus dk ?kVrk ÁfrQy D;k gS\ 10. What are Ridge lines?

fjt js[kk,¡ D;k gS\




II. Answer the following.

UNIT I

11. Differentiate between positive and Normative Economics.

okLrfod vFkZ‘kkL= ,oa vkn‘kZ vFkZ‘kkL= d¢ e/; vUrj dhft, |

OR

Give any five limitations of Micro Economics. O;f“V vFkZ ‘kkL= dh d¨Ã ik¡p ifjlhek,¡ fyf[k, |

UNIT II

12. Give any five exceptions of the law of diminishing marginal utility.

lhekUr mi;¨fxrk gkl fu;e d¢ d¨Ã ik¡p viokn crkb;s |

OR

Explain the concept of consumers surplus.

miHk¨Drk dh cpr vo/kkj.kk d¨ Li“V dhft;s |

UNIT III

13. Why does law of increasing returns operate?

o)Zeku ÁfrQy fu;e D;¨a ykxw g¨rk gS\

OR

What is an expansion path?

foLrkj iFk D;k gS\





UNIT I

14. Discuss the nature and scope of Economics. [5+10] vFkZ‘kkL= dh ÁÑfr ,oa {ks= dh foospuk dhft, |

OR

Explain the central problems of an economy. How are these problems solved in a free enterprise system? vFkZO;oLFkk dh d¢Uæh; leL;kv¨a dh O;k[;k dhft;s eqDr Á.kkyh esa bUgsa dSls gy fd;k tkrk gS\

UNIT II

15. Define Indifference curve. Discuss the main characteristics of indifference curves. [5+10]

mnklhurk oØ d¨ ifjHkkf“kr dhft, mnklhurk oØä dh eq[; fo‘ks“krkvä dk foospu dhft, |

OR

Discuss the various methods for measuring elasticity of demand.

ek¡x dh y¨p d¨ ekius dh fofHkUu fof/k;ä dk foospu dhft, |

UNIT III

17. Describe Returns to Scale by using diagrams and tables

[8+4+3]

iSekus d¢ ÁfrQyä dh O;k[;k js[kkfp=ä ,oa rkfydkv a dk mi;¨x djrs gq, dhft, |

OR

Explain the equilibrium of a producer with the help of Isoquants and Isocast curves.

,d mRiknd dk larqyu le¨Rikn ,oa leykxr oØ a dh lgk;rk ls le>kb;s |

The End



Class : B.A. Economics Honours Paper III : [ECOH 103]: Indian Economy-I





1. What was the Decadal population growth rate in Indian according to census of 2011.

2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa tula[;k dh nl o"khZ; of) nj D;k Fkh\ 2. Define occupational distribution.

O;kolkf;d forj.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A 3. Which sector has maximum contribution in national income of India?

Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; vk; esa lokZf/kd va’k fdl {ks= dk gSa\ 4. Mention the states that have the highest and the lowest population density in India?

Hkkjr esa mu jkT;ksa ds uke crkb, ftuds ikl lcls vf/kd vkSj lcls de tula[;k /kuRo gSa\ 5. What is the main objective of establishing NABARD?

ukckMZ dh LFkkiuk dk iz/kku mn~ns’; D;k gSa\ 6. What is procurement price?

[kjhn ewY; D;k gS\ 7. What is NFSA, 2013?

NFSA, 2013 D;k gSa\ 8. Name the Industries for which licensing is compulsory?

mu m|ksxks ds uke crkb, ftuds fy, ykblsal vfuok;Z gSa\ 9. How many industries are under public sectors? Name them.

lkoZtfud {ks= ds rgr fdrus m|ksx gSa\ uke crkb,A 10. Full form of IIBI?

IIBI dk iwjk uke fyf[k,A





UNIT I

11. What do you understand by human development Index?

ekuo fodkl lwpd ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

OR

State any five constraints of Infrastructural development of India. Hkkjr ds cqfu;knh <kaps ds fodkl dh fdlh Hkh ik¡p ck/kkavksa dks crkb,A

UNIT II

12. Explain the importance of second green revolution in India Agriculture?

Hkkjrh; d`f"k esa nwljs gfjr Økafr ds ;ksxnku dk o.kZu dhft,A

OR

Discuss the problem of agricultural marketing?

Hkkjr esa d`f"k foi.ku dh leL;k,¡ crkb,A

UNIT III

13. Critically examine the Industrial development after Indian Independence.

Lora=rk ds ckn vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh xaHkhj :Ik ls tk¡p djsaA

OR

Discuss the problems of public sector enterprise. lkoZtfud {ks= ds m|eksa dh leL;kvksa ij ppkZ djsaA





UNIT I

14. Critically evaluate the importance of forest and power resources of Indian economy in its economic

development.

Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa ou o 'kfDr ds lalk/kuksa ds egÙo dk vkykspukRed foospu dhft,A

OR “Rapid growth in population is the main obstacle on the path of development of Indian Economy” explain this statement.

^^tula[;k esa rhoz of) vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl esa izeq[k ck/kk gSaA** bl dFku dks Li"V dhft,A

UNIT II

15. Explain the main role and nature of agriculture in Indian economy. What are the reasons of less productivity in agriculture in the country? Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k dh eq[; Hkwfedk vkSj izd`fr dh O;[;k djsaA ns’k esa d`f"k esa de mRikndrk ds D;k dkj.k gSa\

OR

Discuss the importance and problem of land reforms in India.

Hkkjr esa Hkwfe lq/kkj ds egÙo vkSj leL;kvksa dk foospu dhft,A

UNIT III

16. Write short note on the following:

fuEu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A a. SIDBI b. ICICI. c. SFC d. IFCI

OR

Explain the problems faced by small scale industries. What are the recent policies of government for small scale industries in India?

y?kq m|ksxksa ds lkeus vkus okyh leL;kvksa ds ckjs es crk,A Hkkjr esa y?kq m|ksxksa ds fy, ljdkj dh gky dh uhfr;k¡ D;k gSa\

The End



Class : B.A.-Economics Honours Paper IV : [ECOH 104]: Quantitative Techniques-I





1. What do you understand by Disjoint sets?

vla;qDr leqPp; ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ 2. What is homogeneous function?

le:i Qyu D;k gSa\ 3. Define Geometric progression.

xq.kksÙkj Js.kh dh ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A 4. Define identity.

rRled dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A 5. Differentiate: � = √�� − 1

vodyu dhft,� = √�� − 1 6. Symmetric Matrix.

Lkefer vkO;qgA 7. Integrate: ∫��

Lkekdyu dhft,% ∫�� 8. What is splicing?

f'kjkscU/ku D;k gSa\ 9. State the meaning of chain base method.

J[kayk vk/kkj jhfr dk vFkZ crkb,A 10. What is factor reversal test?

rÙo mRdE;rk ijh{k.k D;k gSa\





UNIT I

11. If � = {3,5,7,9,11},� = {7,9,11,13}, � = {11,13,15, } then find out. (� ∩ �) ∩ (� ∪ �)

;fn � = {3,5,7,9,11},� = {7,9,11,13}, � = {11,13,15, } rks Kkr dhft,A(� ∩ �) ∩ (� ∪ �)

OR

Which term of the series 2,5,8,11,14,…. is 59? Js.kh 2,5,8,11,14,…. dk dkSulk in 59 gSa\

UNIT II

12. Integrate the following: [2.5+2.5] fuEufyf[kr dk lekdyu dhft,A

a. ∫(2�� − 3� + 2)�� b. ∫ ��

OR

Prove that: fl) dhft,A

�� + � � �� + � �� + �

� = 4��

UNIT III

13. Why is Fisher’s formula called ideal? What are its demerits?

fQ’kj dk lw= vkn’kZ D;ks gSa\ blds D;k nks"k gSa\

OR

From the following chain base indices, calculate fixed base index numbers.

fuEufyf[kr J`a[kyk vk/kkj lwpadkdksa ls fLFkj vk/kkj lwpdkadks dk fuekZ.k dhft,A

Year C.B.I Nos 2009 120 2010 125 2011 150 2012 140 2013 110 2014 90 2015 80 2016 125 2017 150

2018 160





UNIT I

14. Solve the equation: [7+8]

Lkehdj.k dks gy dhft,A

a. (��)

��+(��)

��=

�

�

b. 3 �� +�

��

− 6 − 16 �� +�

�� + 26 = 0

OR

(a) Prove that: [8+7] fl) dhft,A

1

2log

25

9− log

15

4+2

3log

27

9= 0

(b) If the 4th term in a geometric progression is 8 and 9th term is 256 determine the series. ,d xq.kksÙkj Js.kh esa 4th in 8 ,oa 9th in 256 gSa rks Js.kh Kkr dhft,A

UNIT II

15. Solve the following equation by Cramer’s rule or by Matrix method.

fuEu lehdj.kksa ds Øsej fo/kh vFkok eSfVªDl fof/k ls gy dhft,A �� + �� + �� = 6 4�� − �� + �� = 5 �� − �� = −1 OR

(a) If � = log(�� + ��)then prove that: [10+5]

;fn � = log(�� + ��) rks fl) dhft,A ��

��+��

��= 0

(b) Integrate the following:

fuEu dk lekdyu dhft,A

�� − 3� + 2

� − 1��

UNIT III

16. Define Index Number. Explain the use and limitation of index number.

Lkwpdkadks dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A lwpdkad ds mi;ksx ,oa bldh lhek,a crkb;sA

OR

Construct the Fisher’s Ideal index from the following data:

fuEu fyf[kr laedks ls fQ’kj dk vkn’kZ lwpdkad dh jpuk dhft,A

Base Year Current Year Article oLrq,¡

Price Per Unit (Rs.) ewY; izfr bZdkbZ ¼:½

Total expenditure

(Rs.) dqy O;; ¼:½

Total value

(Rs.) dqy ewY; ¼:½

Quantity (Kgs) ek=k

¼fd-xzk½ A 6 300 560 56 B 2 200 240 120 C 4 240 360 60 D 10 300 288 24 E 8 320 432 36

Prove that Fisher’s Ideal formula satisfies the factor reversal test.

;g Hkh fl) dhft, fd fQ’kj vkn’kZ lwpdkad lw= rRo mRde;rk ijh{k.k dks lUrq"V djrk gSaA

The End

vFkZO;oLFkk ekUklwu dk tqvk gSa | Hkkjrh; tu la

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