Developmetrt of AutoDrtcd Mrpping/F.ciliti€s MrrrgemetraSyst€m ir Prki$tar: A GIS Evaluation for Nrturrl Gas

Pipelire Distribution aDd TraDlmireion Network

SYED ALI NAQI

The3b subnitted to th. UntveEliy ofl3rrchl h fu|fil|ne oftbeRequlrc|ne of the l).gr.e of Do.ror of Phtl,oropby in Ceognphy

Departmctrt of GeographyUniversity of K,NrrchiKrr|chi - Pakistrn

2010

CERTTfICATE

ftir h ro eftiry lnlr Sy€d Ali Nr{i, h6 Mda.d hb disn4i6 fd ln. desre of D@1n of

Pnibsopftt undd my $p.Nisio. o

qDeelopr.trr oaAlroE r.d M.ppiEs/Feilirla M.ntgcne Sy.t D itr P.klt nt A GIs

Evrb.rio fd MLr.l Gs PlFll@ DLffbudo. .!d TruEL.lo! Nei*ct".

Th. conpl€t d wort is valubl. $d dhtnEl for thc dhciplirB of CegEphy, Uib€n Plming

ed Udlids ClS, h is nop€d thst in tuture noE .n.loSoa multi<isiplimry 6.rrchcl would

b. qdwred on rhc ciri6 of dcvcloping tuFi6,

I whh him sFc6s in his futuE ddavo6-

d(-

DEDICATf,D To:

MY PARENTS, WIFE, CIILDREN

AND

THE GIS TEAM OT

SUI SOUTHERN CAS COMPAI'Y LIMITf,D

ACKNOWIEDGMENT

Fi6r. I would likc to rhot COD for bl*ins me $i$ His Ellce ad gtuting me the emciecy

aor timly cdplction 6f this disdi@. S@ndlt. | *ould lite io rhatt all of ny spnitu3l

n.n!o6 aor thcir valualle Nii4e fon th. sry bcginning to rh€ mclGion of this

I would like to expes ny d€ep trd sinc.r. gBritude lo ny supwi$r, Pofesr Dr. lahil

l{ass Kazmi, Departmenl of Cosdphy. Unive6iry of Kara.hi. His wide knowledge. logicol

way of lhinkingconciete u.dmlanding, iderls, encouraging, peNonal elidfle, detgiled dd

conslructive cod 6eht ion $e preliniMry to thcconcloding levelhave bedofgrealvaloe for

m. and dabled dero dev€lop e undeslrnding olthe subj.ct in! rigbt dnecdon.

h is a plear. ed honor 10 cknowl.dse tlE namcs oa snior F&ulry nmb.s or cmsnph'

D€D€nneni, univ.uity of K!trhi imludi.s Or, Khtlid! Mahmood. Chai.FM. D€punent of

C6gdph!, Univ.uity of /\jehi- Dr. Fsdddd! Bu*c, Dr. Birj6 Tald md D. Aa Aad

Thcy f&ilibG ne in l€mins plcss, tnd thct kind suppon and oomeemar alqoys

ext.dcd lor me lhbughout my pFfessiontl ocr ud including this rs@n uorh

My s!{ialtho*slo ny shol€ lmily lor mlking thtditsendion posibleidy mother ror her

n.v.Fendine pdyen. ny lather lbr his €morional soppon, encouEgedent and cominuous

bcliere in n€. ny wife lor her unlimi&d suppon. and my childen for rhet p.tie.ce, especiollv

during last four mdrthon monlhs.

I sish lo expas my *m ed sinarc thanks to Pof.s$r Dr' Abid HNain, Chliman.

D€pdne.r of Fod scidc6. univsny ol Kamchi, As on his moEl, n@uoghg suppon ddhumble advies' I inclined b*ards FsRh sudis and fiolly had t:k€n admi$ion in mt PhD

I am sdeful to Dr. Faizuuah Abbasi, Meldng Dicloi SSCC. Mt. Munaud B'Rt Ahmad,

Er. Maolsins Dtelor. SSCC, Mr. Zuhrn Siddiqui, Smior Cenedl Mdag* (Ms). sscc, Mr.

lrfan Zafar, Chi.a lnaomltion

and rllow m. ro lak. .dmisioTe.nrotog:/ Oflic.r. SSCC. Th€y

in my PhD ftsrh po8M,pmvid.d m. noulh suppon

I rould like lo aunher exrdd my garnude to rhe

SSCC lor lhcir c@p.mtion. I qprc$ ft, sincs.c

P&D Dep.nncnL SSOC) for his kind 6islac in

ncmbe6 and star, espsially OIS ream. of

sdlilude to Mr. Abdul Hmeed (Libtuis.

finding boks md malenab.

Ii is pl6uc lor mc b ndtim the nd6 ofmy fri.nds od ou.!su6 speially Mr. ZlMH@in. M' Nadit Alht€r, Mr. Muhmffid Shsnid, Mr Munmmad Teiq, Mr WaqNLul

Islfl, Mi Daniy.l Ahnld, Mr. lrfe, Ms. &bik Nust Mr. |nsullah, Mr. Noma Siddiqli,

Mr. Nomm Adcl. Ms. Nadia Ali, Mr. H.sain Al!m. Mr. Nmr Anmed M.mon, Mr. N.neen

Q.yyum, Mr. KshiaQ.dir.nd M. Nalsl Shanin who helped ne a lor in th. d.lclopn.nl and

collsrio. of emh d!tl.

Finallt, I huld likc to *lend my vo& oa thuLs b dl lhG p@dq wh@ Mmct I did not

nemio. uninrdtion.lly. mtribocd *i$ th.n dvi6 vie*s, di@rio.s doring th. !|.tole

cdF of my lwNh wort.

Alsuall

h lnc d.v.lopimfl ofetllmiol !d urt& ccnr.u .ll Nuld ih. worl4 utilni6 haw dEn impod mL. amonS

@io6 s86 of ercrs/, tful ga is rlE Mt gmmicll tti dcp.ndlhk sc ro |@ th€ doily EquiEm.nc

of rlE Ns@6 In &Gloping 6di6 *lm oil rd dhd po€ 6rc e d chaply !.d dddil]

!Eil.bl6 Errrl F6 d dly enmircly @ r h.lehdd&dic l.wl. bt n dF lgs , rojn shc in

c@Fcitl dd indGnial sefu.

NoMd!$, rh.E is. goNingrnd of*ond d. ndBll S6 $hC, which is lik.ly ro linrlF exprid a a6uh ofpopuhtion gosh. latd-6e clEngei infl'rion, uddni4lim .nd migntion fim ml ro urbr e6..nd 8lob.l

dinarc ch.ng.s. P.*isM is lnticipating rh. .ndg/ cish ro r6.n in rhe coninA y6 A m.id thonhll i3

.xp.ded in narMl gN suppliB *hich mcte up .bout 50% of P.kist.nt ereey consdprio.

Seondly, $pply of dud Cs nom sbLhold.r to .nd4oilms Pnh div.Eifien kn8fi of pip€line *Morks

.nd hrS. nMbs of opemlionol oFElioul f&ili|ica (lik v.lv.s. IBS, SMS) denrrb dE eslldt inlmoionll@8Nn. syscm b op€dc rhe efiiciently rid .ft crivcly. In Pilist 4 llE ntrml 3a tupotuiim f&ilili.s

lhou3h pip.li6 weE M€d duins $.6fii.r Thc iijdiry of piFlic cfttuiid walk (curd b.t*ei th.

.ighii6 ard.idis sire, Ei& ial. m.Eid rd indBr.ill sh in Patisb e gDeang.lpidlvi 6 a

6d! !a pip.lia lworks e de Gxp$dinS Mtins6ly. In vid of dis dlmic chflge, mmglm.t[oFdiotr minren.@ ef.ry, imperim .ti &dFL slivirid b..m higl t difficuh GIscially in p.p.r ba.d

Tln w a diE tued of rUtru &n pmgnotic tlsh fd rh. d.rclopred of a splljriabd sFt.m yhich

dld .ddB rh6. chdldg6. ln lMy d.wlop.d lrt &alopi.B dtuiq for di6i6ed aid apid erpaim of

se Dipclift ndwo*, dcvclopn.'n of rdomrtc Moppinsnriliri6 Marogfld (AM/FM) plalt a k , ble 6 !dMlrri€l Md irn.llicpd dffision snDpon rdl for rh. plrniing d.Elopnenl managemd $d @lysk lo dilitie

The uhitule objetiv. of this $udy w6 to develop a GIS bG.d modcl t\!t co'nd b. used fot !h. ddigning ard

d.velopme of auron*d napping ud ficilili.s mdagpm.nr (AMFM) sytm fd 36 rmnsmhsion .iddhlibulion pip.lift neNo*\ infomclion ndtug.med ed lts s@esful inplemddrion thin ga utilily

6nprni.s c weU 6 for dE Tatsis of mrcl 96 .tdmnd and supply pinem in dE dome$ic/csid.ntial sclor ro

!dd6s lhe isc of natuhl 3$ ctisis foi pldning d.v.lopmcnl n@3qMr atd op€mrio. of exktins .nd lonh

B.inB rh. d.Ely popnated lTE6r ffip.lib.nd ind6ti.l ciry, K@hi would be rhe Djn vidim of gashotu*E: oFrcf@, E tffih *d* hs ben dorc for Xjmhi cBid of sli sourEm CB CmFnv- nF d.[6.d in tiG sudy G mi'ly olletcd t$m SSGC .nd li.ld s@ys Union CMil is blfl 6, lsic.Elvriel.drinbhriw unir for olcllliM of g6 piFlift inlomtrion. toouldiq mtrn sE don'nd !t 3upply

diniburiod sl$sis lrd b.dry afidtd. iEufiicicrlt lN ud hls g's supol} .6 hare bcn .E6tulv

6' t-! " )'/ r' 6 d r"'y' i' ],J o *-..r'. L Js t. r-l' f t.' /('*1e 2{ tt, i'V "'

6lLu "r' l

ol/t / 6, Lt u Jr, L J'lt -r", "t 3 !?.G -i v! a tJ i - ? Jd2, j E-,i 7, rtt - +4 I L.,- + nt-t r,r',f1r o* f.'i,v"l + it,,le'at t/,r n,t{-t'd i' t.)v t'

,to';-aiu'.",t'(i.J(r.'t")*tJ-au\iJ'&t'/'r1-'r"-t)s"'i'/.,-{J,;autcu'{t"16!,./ i, r - +v fi i'! o'l.t Jr:+,/" t' or4 G d vLb Li 4- t' o!2 z- 4,! ltr iri. -, i.t

-+ i) /,4 /-t,;'t Jt tt-d -'l /{oc4 lt +l'lt/. ('. v a Lv,t'

,y' J, ; +, J L J,.a A t Lr E Q! t l t & t. lt t li J rJtt ) - C6'rl " u o.t

"r l r l ot 4 l. - 2 "

a/t,, L &.r, /' l'."'€N./.? i.Q u..ttL tt tid' E# 4P tL A vL r rr -* I i 6-nov,,LJl,,!-),'str,;+;dd,tLi-u!- ,liril{Le"'i,!"'!i';,tiv',!,tg,,,,',t,! - w z- r L +t' -+p &jPtfJ *j lq y,,/- a',n 4 1 - z -6 il f,

" A,v-. tl / o/! l<

-,J J't Lt, I ltt'.,A/i $ it.' J'a sy'17,5.4o i.u e. -trt Ju ! "6"'1 1 t "1

i.

..1 vr + 6, "i ! 3 i - a '1-a,! ;f't 4 ltP Jqt 4+ L L t: l$ i' 4'i + L r - Jv !)l

i\i1'?, J,!,tE ! t MlFMtti'L !{.,t :v.Ui ;+ L J,',ir ; !,-/- L r 1 - J t."4 it-+*-t wlLs;=r.+riri.Jt'.J ?+L r1, ,*ttz.-i+tu':.'.- 'I ".s-4s2:."

\tJ, aA +tLt A,t,t,{,y'a}L L?L pl Mt.My'r1rtu Jncts r-\4"n'f( gJ|i r * | Lb Ll Jdi & A,,t "" ; v ; v.L L n,)P | &., Y-V ( L tt r,i r d&t'y', a o t L -d.,!,.,{ i, }-, L /, i L - " -t &'-{ i' } G I,n4 $+ L \)a {'.r 6,.},1t'.. r' z'! J'*

-Ltia+ev.,.Jf

/l-, A,/L E {o- J,- +,,t' -<-6",a r dt z'!,./- tt t L i ".7-r'

6" 1.+ /. 6'ti./- 4t 4t /J2- i t i !/-+('!- -,/,r. ;,"f,.{"t,. J, ;, * t,t t t', i- n Jc'

"J E t, <-(r. + L l'F,/'

( t!,) p < )L J.' J !".,, i!:i J,V, uld * L, i L.

" *! {\t a i, } "t, t L L 6'ti' -t" ( ei', a,i! ;vL,)y t vd,! o ir, t-r,,)t "l "t f ift . ; a. JW - teL L( i [ / i' t r - +

IAILEq!@IIIENIS

t.lt.2

1,5

t.6

l_8

2,1

2.2

2.3

2.6

I- INTRODUCTION

I

1

l0

l3

l3

t4

t1

I9

2l

22

24

24

24

26

29

32

36

J6

l637

38

39

9

1.5.1 EnerCy

1.5.2 NanrEl C6IndNhy

1.5.3,1 S@ieE.mhic Sta$r of KtEhi

2, REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Gls in Derelop.d !n Dc!.lopi.8 Co{ntri6

Endsqe of CIS or AMfIII/GIS in Uiiliti6GIS lmpl€n€niitid in Ca Udhi.t

Ce Snrdi6 ofca Utilitica

Z7,l,l Etrqs/ Infom.tion AdminirtrdioCoglphicIntdndid Synd for N|tuEl Ca (EL{CIS-NG)

Z7.l2 Public Savie Cmluy of Nq Mai.o2.?.1j Dure EsSr Fi.ld Sdie (DEFS)

2J2- I l.lew Yort Encr$i E sr CoDoutid (NYsEc)

2.?.2.2 Cuj6l Ca Cmpany Lld. (CGCL)

2.8 GIS-Bdd Narual ca Supply D€mdd Analysis

2,9 GIS in Pdise fo. 06 Urility

3. NATIIRAL CAS SUPPTY SYSTEM

3-l

3,2

3,3

3.4

3.5

3.6

4, REsEARCHMETHODOLOCY

3-3.1 Ca Supply Mrins

3.1? Os Di$ibdio. M.iB

tsl D.t€crid dd R.plir

Eisting Nd ca crnn..1io. B6in* PlrJ6

4.1.1 BeMap F.arue Ddlsl4.1.2 Casysr.m F€rllE Dalsic.lledim.nd Cd*6io of Cosn hh Dda

4.2.1 Cdtlinale Sysr.n

4-2.4 Glotol Pcitioing Sld.m (OPS)

4.2.6-l tad v.l@ D.t

4.2.6,2 Denolrlphic D.la

4,2,6.3 C6 PrsuE systen D.l!4.2.6-4 Qu*lio.naiE Surey Dtl.i

4.2.6.5 Ga Con$mpld D{.4.2.7 ccodalabd$ Atidbue Ent y

47

45

45

50

53

53

61

61

68

7l

73

80

80

8I

8I

4.2

4.3.1 tsd@ An l'sis

4.3.2 R.sid€otial A@ An.lysis by Typ.

4. t.3 R6id€nti.l Ad CIB An lrlb by I{d vdE4.3.4 Cs OF6iing P6sE Slsten A.alysis

4,3.5 Popul.lioi D€mity Andysis

,L3.6 Ca Dclmd Arllyiit4.3.? Cs Supply AnalFiril.l.E Cs Avdhbil8 An lylir

5,1

8l

E3

85

E6

87

92

9lIt02

105

t05

r08

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9

l2lt28

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139

l!9t42

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5,4

t.5

R6idotid AE. An.lysis by Ttpe

5-3.1 R.siddlnl A@ Clss AnalFit by Ldd v.lu.5.3.2 caPF$uE syn n Andysh

s.l-l P@lldbr Itosity Andrsis

5.3,4 Spalial Diltiibution ofNrtuBl CG DmsdSplri.l Di$ibItid ofNlionl Ga SupPly

spari.l Pdb of Nrtul oB AwiLbility

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

62 Rmnn6d.t1ds..d Sugg.ld6

7. REFERENCES

!,Icr-q_[rsgBE!

Adninisr[iv€ Bo{nd..i6,200E. X,ruhi R.gion t2

-Tne lD Mehodolog]- for Inpl.mcnELion of Spltiall-riln$Md.genent Sy$em Jl

C6 Ttusnisid Pipelim Cnidors, 2008. For Kafuhi Egim 47

Gd Dislriburid N.rwo* s,srd, 2m8, (@hi Region 5 I

SSCC\ Cs Disribuiion Systcn 55

c6 Disr.ibutio N.rs.k Syscm SpBwl,l95t -200a, K@hi Resion 56

loM-wi*(ra Dbuibution Vaih Lrpdsion in KmchiRegim.

union Council-Wis Cd Disrnburion MaiN Nturi Si* (P@r.g.),

SSGC\ Cs Bill Mdagnent System

Billing Ststd Boutrdtis, 2008. K,Eni Region

Existing Nd condrion Busi6 wott Flo* Plll6 in SSGC

"BsMat F€atuE Dataset Model

"Casyst€m" lcarua D.ta*t Mod.'

ste/blck ldel vetdiarion Ehohue in FsdcBl 'B Ar.a r\jdhiSlrecvgloct Lev.t Landus Clssification in Fed.d A' A@, Karachi

M6 Op€rating Cd Pesd (Po!,1pet &@P 1trr), Gs DhltjbutionMdns N€rwon{, Jult 2008, K@cni R€gion

Cas Disuiburion Mains Neh{o4 Cldsifi€ation by Msn OpedtingCs PrlsuE, July 2008, K!@hi R.sion

C6 Co.smr suruy Gmup ClNificirid, Kdachi Re3id

Doncstic Gs consner for Ga consuner Sua.y coup,K@hiR.8idC6 D.odd dd Slpply Anrllst Model for Kdicni Regior

rrdu$ Cldsificlrion, 2OOE, l(@chi Re8ion ! 07

Residalial A@ Cl$sificdrion by T}?e,2008 KsEhi Regim I I I

Tom-wie Pel@i4. of Rsidc.tial aE! Cl@s in Ka@hi Re8id lll

57

60

63

610

77

7a

Residential Ar€o Clsifislion bt l-and v!lu. (rer Squ.@ Ya.d),

R€siddtial A@ Cl6sifidim by M@ Op.r.ti.s 06 PdsuE.

Tos-wis P@.L9. of cs O?cErins P|!sE chs in R6id.ndal

ll5

|1

t28

l3l132

133

t34

r38

ToM-WiF P.enllg€ of PopllationDdsily Chss in Karchi

Popultlio Dasity (p.r Sq@ M.rd).2m8. v@hi R.8iot

Popul.lio Dcnsig Cl6sinclrio., 2008. (@hi R€gim

G6 D.lmd Densny (per tlr in ,l/ v.,tl.2008. Kadchr Rcsion

cs D€hdd clsificllion, 2008, Kffihi R.gion

Tow-wie Pe@l!A. of Gd D.Md D€rsily Ctas if,

cs Supply Dqsny (F. 'l

in l//7.@). 2008, l'j@hi R.gion

c6 Supply Cl6sific.rion, 200E, K@chi R.8ion

ll3

121

t22

t26

121

TM-Wis P@nlage of Crs SuPPty Ddsiiy Cl6ss in Kdachi R€8ion

Cs Availability D.!sity, (Fr ,}l io nl,Y.at), 2008, K.mhi Resion

c6 Avdlcbility Cl6ificlion, 2008, K@hi Rcaio

Town-Wie P€Mnt.ge ol crs Availabilily Densnychs*s i!

LISTOFTABELS

M.jor rndgy Supplics ii Paldd,r 14

Sscct RsSion Wie NatuBl G$ Cusbm.u

Populltio ol K@hi, 195l-2005 13

SSGC'S Hod Qu.ners, Elerttio. non M@ S€ L.sl 20

Ka@hi AiDorl, Pakislsn: Clin.t (Ave ge weatn r) D,6 22

CAM,AM/FMCIS 1A

SSCC\ TBnsnission N€two* (Cunuhrilc) 49

SSCC'S I @sisio. Ntuort Ca?a.ity. tu on r)dmbd 31 2009 49

SSCC'S Gs oislribulion Sysld MaEsddt D.vi6 50

SSGC\ C6 Dislribudon Sysl€m for All RegioN 52

Mrjtr SuF ly M.ins ofcs Di$ibulion Sysr€m in K@hi ReSion 54

Cs D'slriblim M.i.s Neiwotk Expssion i. K@hi R.eim du.i.gr955-2008

G6 Disrriborio Mlins in Tof 5 uniM Coucils of K@hi R.3io

Ldduse Cla dd Dasription

Rc4od.d Valu6 ol Reidcndsl Lodw CleLocalio. Wip Recoded Vd!6 ofRdidenli.l kndue Cls'

R6id€nd.l Ae cl@s B*d on Ldd vllue

Cs Oteraring PBuE Ctas in G6 DisLibulion Mdns

Populalion D€nsity Cl6s6, 2008

Cs Cd3uc sud.y CFup Cl.ss in Rdidc'nid a@

C6 D.msd, 2003 and ClNsCs Supply, 2003 &d ClNsc6 Atailrbility. 2008 dd ClasTom Wi* Peeen$ge of Ldduse Types in K@hi Region

Tom wi* R6id.ntial rrd@ TtT6 in K@ni R€gio.

Tolal A@ of R6idatial AEa Class in Kmohi Region

Toral a@ of C6 OFati.s PEss@ sv$.n clss in K.mhi Reeion

58

83

34

85

87

E3

93

102

l0l

ll0l12

6

Toseis Poool.li@ of Krldli R.gin, Yd 2m5 ltd 2006

Told A@ of Popolnid D.Nity Cbss in v',ehi R€8ion

Cs ConMer surcy Goup-Wi* p€r conrumd Ga D.mdR6i& i.l As Chsvi* Pdc.||sffiGa DoDid

clqewis Cffil TFrd of NloEl Cs D.md in r@hi Regio

T0l.'l Aq of c$ Dmdd cl86 in (dchi RcSior

Se6-Wi$ N.trl6] Gs Sutply DisEihrio in K@hi R.8]d,

R*iddtid As Clsewie pd Co,lMd Ca Srpply

Tor.l A@ of Ga Supply Cbs i! Kdhi Rcgim

Torrl Ar ofcs AvliLbiliry Cl6c in r6ndi Re8i6

Pqquse ofR6idoiial As Cl8 by Cst Auilabr'itv Conditid

9

lmt23

t21

t25

t25

t29

129

t30

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tt7

LTST OF ^NNE:flJRD

cdsy$.ncls ccod.ta!.$: BMrp .nd Gasvd.mD.es' Fatr cLs D6dipti@

Nw Gs CNe.rid Busiffi Work Flos Model Using CIS

Mdinun c6 crpsiry,^r'otum Andvstu in ca DBtribu'idMriN Nasdt ofK*..ti R.lion

Urio Coum'l $ile C6 Denmd. SupPl) dd A!.rl.bihvb/R.si{nnd.l 46 od Populadon D.nsity ClesUnid Cd@il Wi* G{s Dishalio Std6l

ToM whe c6 consun* surcy R€slt!

lt8t14

t82

l8J

t95

202

ACNONYMVAABREI4ATIONS

GDD MC&PD Gs D.m!d Dobhy by R6irttni.t AECIN & Populdio DdBilv

OSD-RAC&PD G6 Sopply Dmity by R6idditl AE. Cl6s & Popularid f,letsitv

LBCSA lffde Blek CBhm Sh'P€ A€PCAGD F CGmd AwEgc GA DCME

PCGD p.r coBms cd D.dmd (.r/r€.r)

PD Popll.tion DtBitTd,l AFby UCNa.R6id.di.l ABClattrd PqulalionD. irv

TA UC-RAC&PDC

Tolll Arci by Union Coudcil Nmben Residediil Arca cl6s &

TA,UC-RAC&PDCC Potuldion D.nsity Cla Crcup

Tc CCSG Tdrl C@mn by Gs CdM Slrv.v Goup

Tc'c ocsc Tolsl Gs Ccmption by Gd coNumer sm.v crup

TCD BA&RACG Toisl Cs D.nrd by Billing AM & R6id. ialAs cls c6up

TGD BAN Ttrl C6 D.m&n by BillinA AB NtnbTCD UC-R-AC&PDC Td, CG Odnmd bt UC No, R6i.lq jol As Clas md D'nsilv

TGs BA&RAG Tordl cs supply by Billing Ara & R.sidentid A€ cmp

TCS UC-RAC&PDCC TolGs Surplv bv Unio ComilNMber' R6i&iri'l AmclB &

TGSA-BARAG Tdl Gs sltply as by Billi.g Ad it Rgid.tnitl Ae Grup

UC CDD-MC&PDC UC- Gd D.mand Dmeily bv R6. ClGs a.d Popuhlion DcNirv Cleuc- G6 sutply D.Bh' E R6idcnrill As cle! !t Pop{l{ion

ucosD Rcc&PDc Ddirycls

c.r T...roiseiotr rnd Dbl.ibllion sytren:

ACPL A(@t c.med PiFlinc

BJF P Badin Blek C6 Fieltls Inlegdlion Pmj€t

BjKP Alje Katrhi PiFlim

HBBJ Ahir.B.je Sdion

HQSJCB HQ Shikarpu J@ob€bad S€did

HQTD flQ2 - Tando Ad.n sdion pip.lire

ILBP lndus ren Bant Ap.line

ILBP{i) lnd6 kn Bant Pip.lirc, Re!.e Ca nw b SUI

IRBP td6 Rieh Bd* Pipdi*IRBP{EP Inda Right Bsr PiFlin. cap&ity Erp€mion Pnje.

lRBP'cEqt lndc Righr B.nl Ap.linr, R.wE C6 Flos ro SUI

JCBDMP T@h.|,€snbdisdimJMSP JmshoGSMS Pb*l!.d Pipelin

KDNP Kdsvoi PiFlim

KM Fosr Pip.li*KjltuPcrMSHQ Msu-HQ3 PiFlin.

PKLI Psf,lard Inlerlink.

POD PoidofDcliwry

PRS PESIE R4!hb Sdjm

QPL Quett! Pipelirc

SMS $16 MesodonTBS To*n Bodfs6ioTP Pip.lin.TMing Point

3D 3Ditl@idAI/UFM Aul6 .d Msppine .nd Feilni6 MrEgemil

APDM AECIS Pipeline Drt| Model

AdMS Ar lnLik M3P S.MAtSDE Arc Spdirl Dabbe EnCiE

cAD Compur! Aided DmninS

CADD cdp4rd Aded DeigI arn DniiiSCAM Cdp@r aid€d M.pping

Os cBrond Infm.ti@ sysLn

CNc CompesnNrtoEl CaDCR Difidcc|sRlporiDEM Dieilll Elddio Mod.l

ElAcls-NC Endg/ l.fmtion Cas''hi. lniomalion Slth fot NruBl c6C+4 FiE S!0.i6 Btrildi4 (Gdn|d + a)

c+t six sdi6 Blilding (6mud + 5)

CrcP Grund Cotul Point

cls Geosdphic lnaodid Slslen

CPS Clobol Pdnieine Syslcm

gTAMIS Cs T,llMisis Applic.lim M.n lEhdn Infmlio Sy$em

H.|.T.E Hab Ind6tid Tndiry AEHQ H€d Q@iCT

ID lde iti6li@ Nmb.r

LPC LiqE6.d PitrolM CaNA Not Av.iloble

NoC No obi.clio cdific.cNWFP Noin Wd Fdi6 PtwiroinisTAR HP onnisTAR Ditf@tuid cPs (DCPS) sydm

oilnisTAR vBS OmiSTAR Ditrft idGPS(mPtSys&d

OnnisTAR xP onnjsTAR Dff.Efii.l GPs (DGPS) sttqn

mDS Pipelin. ODo hsboe SL.dad

RS Rddc S.Bine

RS-l R.Pan rsuloNobr I

SCADA Supedi.ory C.otrol ond h. Acqlbilion

SDE S?atll D.bbe EnriE

Uc Unim C@cil

uK unned (ingdom

us Unired st ForamioUSA U'ied Sc ofAmdi€

UTM UniMd Tmv.e Medror Poj.olron syst m

wOS World C.oddic Syl|.i

BCFD Billio Clbic F* td DrY (of Os)

NM' Nomal cubic Metlr

Mr sq@MddM" Cutno M.rd

MMr Million cubb M.t r

niiilPace

MrFe Cubio Met r ps YdSCF Softtzd cubic FdMMCFD Millim ofcluc Fd ps D.t (oaCa)

MTOE Millim ToB ofoilEquiulsPSI o. Psi Pourn p.r Sque lnch

Fi Pi*l p€rsqw Inch

% Pc.66g.

BHP BHP Petulflm Pri@ LinikdBP BP Pa*iMn Explo.!1id & Produclion lnc.

C.D.C.K. Ciry Disticr Cov.mmt K'ahiCBP CNBlj'@ofklitucRD CEbG Rclatjd D.p.rtn.nr, Sui soulff 66 Cmpoy Limild

DEFS Dule E sB, Fi.ld SwicOSM Diltiburio. Syim MaEsemdt

EIA En rg/ l.flfuid AdminisimESRI ENiMnHrjs'6LnsRwnlditri.,lncFrFC FFCJode F.niliar Conp€ny Linired

CCCL OujEt 06 Cmpq.y Li(n.dcoP CotuofP*ibcOS Gowed of sindh

HDIP HydrMbm D.vclopnmt Institute of Palis6n

tANcv lnl.mriml Awidro of Nsrudl cd vehicls

IEO ldtuiNl ErtrEl C\d@l

IGC lnda Gd c@PonY Linit d

K.E.S.C Kmhi Electric Suptly CoDomlio!

KDA K@hi r}Ydorn.d alhoiryKGC K.ru$i Ca CmD.ny

XMC &Ehi Municip6l Cdtd?rion

LASMo lam Oil Pdkkb LinitdM&M MiE,nd MicrMGCL Mri Ga Cmp.ny Lifrit d

NYSEC NqYo* ElncorpdimOECD Orleiz.lion ln Emic Ce.t@dm dd D€wlo9m.d

mDC Oil and Ca Cmpery LinicdOGRA Oiland C6 Reenlolor' AdhdivoMv oMv e.risb) E:rldnio cnhHP&D Plmjng md Dcwlopl1dD.p.nrH( Slis.udEm Gs Conpby Linicd

PCO P.kisb C.B6 Org&iatian

PNM Plblic Sdvi6 Cmpdly ofN€v Merio

PPL Pr*itu P.bl.m Limn d

SCTC Sui Gd Tmmi$im Comp€ry

SNGPL Sli Nddb Ca Cmpdy Limii.d

SOP Surey of Prkish

SOP SuEyofPltjtusPoT Srcuit Pou lcbsdid d. hTm (SPoT Imc.)

SSGC Su Sourh.m C6 Cdpary LimiLd

SUPARCO Slae aid UmaAhcplre R.s@hconFs'mUNCED Unilcd Nations CsftEee o. Envirc'Wnt rnd D*?lopnedr

AER AGrculluc Effiinm4.d R.dimAFF A8lcdfurc, FOE ry Ud FMi.gB Be.c6 Avlihtilily

BA BdlyAfr*redBuit-uD Open/B,@ Ld4 Polgnidl Buih_up Open/Baftn La.d' ircluding

BR)ALRod*!t/Rrilrud

BS BGin63

cs cm'ffiial ard s.riesEGPHR EdMiot\ G@mcn! hdi. r'ininisdic! Ha$ C@, Rdigi$ &ollE6

CS Govdm.nl Sdvie

Hc HichclaHigh ca D.n d

HGS Hien C6 Supply

HMRC-UA Urt sHig|r/M€dim Ris R6i&di.l A6

HPD

rs

LC

trrcLGD

LP

LRRC{V Vill!3cr'GdrFt s Ric R6lLtni.l A6LRRC-HMRC RBideflj'I, a.d RBi&ntial with Cotmial S€rieLRRC-UA Urb|n-hw tus Rsids i.l Arcr

MF

MCD

MGS

NC

NM

Rtl

TCIU

UMC

lidBni.l !n Mdlddui.!

MeA06 F(H ei Sqop

Mcrarr. Pqtndjn DdBhy

TdElo.crio! cdnhric.rioq Inftuid lld urili.i6

Very Hign PoDdario ltnlity

INTRODUCTION

l l

En€re/ is th. basic ne.d ofevery hlmm being, wh.ther in industrially dq€lop.d sunLis or in

@u.ti.s sdving for a chege fFn the paslodl ud aeicultudl so.ont !o a bal.nc€d

industrial donom). En.rgy is all around us and thible ilsla in many difeE toms - h.at.

light, eund. magnelisn. 8nvny, molenenq dd o$q life functiohs. ll h eveqryheE in

.tumus q@tity. Sim. the beginnins of lime. nlluF hd bcn Fqtucing ed ep(nGinseneet in qoandties e.xcsive thar w€ could .ever b€cin to us il all. not e!.n \nh $e nosl

advdced technolog!. ir ill Deaetul dd inexhaustible on hunan tin€ $ale,

Most en.qy $u6 e ongoi.g or ansobl. efiil. olhd c linn€d. unrononately, humu

has done cnomous esearh only on losil tu.h .nd prcduce considecble ener8y through rh.se

mds. Fossil Fuels ac fomed dd conbin€d in fie srth. A lery small r.&tion de su. s cn r8J

$ar t|.ie Elnh lbelbs b onvq&d inro plet tsue hls pr!d*.d dll f6il tuck, F6il fueh eF

usuall' envionment.lly dBructive in lheir explonrion and in rh.ir buding to poduce ueble

energj/. Thcy e non-Gnewahle. Wh.n they @ used up. thcy e gon€ for.vq. E3rth tlkes

$oMds of yffi to ftpod@ fosil auels lhd ft.|@dy us.d (&lthaa.t rl., 192).

1.2006, EnerSy lnlomflion Adninkmrion (ElA) dinated thst rhe pdmary souMs olenerS!

cosised of peuoleufr (35.9./0), @l (2?.4%), ed nat@l gs (22.8%). dounting to e 86.lvo

sh* lor l6il tuels in pdmary €nersy pmddion in thc vorld {Gnlbl 2m8).

Natuol g6s h o.e of major fossil fucls wilh fi. ability !o bun cleely a.d emns rar lewer

fli$ioG lho other f6ril fiEls delosils like oil lnd @1. The d6p.r a deposh. the noc likcly

h is $. n.tuml 96. Though pdnr.il! m.de up of m.ihee, .stunl gs can aho conlain rd.s of

e$de, propone, bu&ne and other ges. The purcst fom of nalu€l gd is alhost enriely

n€thee, whd boncd. natual $s pmvidB 3n inqedible moonr or hot *hich is $.n

NrtuEl gas h being widely studicd 6 sn imponor pan ot furue sustaimblc cne.gt policy

*orldsidc. h is the oost eco.oniel &d Eliablc rsource ro meet daily cndgl' co.sum.s.

N{ual ga is N€d rd oly t hoehdd level, bur ir h6 a nojor she in oEftrcilj, industi,l

dd el*tric power eencdion stou, The industnal stor, lhich k th. *odds l.rgesr

consone. of naluEl $s, sccounrs fof 43 percenr of pmje.led natural eEs us in 2030. In rhe

el€crric po*.r slor. naluEl sd is a fiEdivc choie for ft* gcneding pld|l bsao* or ats

rclaliv€ fu.l efficiflc, .nd low 6bon dioxid. i.r€nsily (Baden .nd Manin, 2008).

worldvide.lobl nduEl 96 @nsumplion inc6Fs fom 104 tillion cubic f.el in 2005 lo 158

In lhe lnrcndional Eng$/ Oud@k {lEO) 2008 elcdnce €s., natual gs onsunplion in $e

nonorgrnierion lor Es.mic cFp..arion $d D.elopn .r (oEcD) @unti6 sm*s moE

lhs tuicc as fd as consunpion in $e OECD countrrd, sirh 2.1 p.rc.nr aveEg. annul

gmRth lon 2005 to 2030, Peduclioi incMss in th€ non.OECD egion ac@unt for morc tha90 p€@nt oflh€ sAth in world pmducim f6m 2005 to 2010.

Narual ga is s@es*d thrcoen 6.v..tional oil drillins. As rh. nroml gEs ir rcle.s.d a@n ns

undergound dsedon. I is captured ot lhe surbcc. refined, and then transponed rhrough

rnd€rgDund pip€lims b be onvened inio e.sgj/.

Nabi.l gasonsumplion in non-OECD Asianeldy triples,6om 9,3 lrillion .ubic feet in 2005 to

27.4 uillion cubic l'.t in 203q exp.nding bt 4.4 pcent per year on sver.ge oler the poj(lion

Friod (B.dd.n<t Manin, 2008).

NrtuBlgrs has prine inporlone in thedevelopm.ntoturbd and cono€rcial inidtucturcall

oq $. *orld. No*rdrys. supplt oa.au6l g.s (a bsic sid need) tlDuh pipelinc fom

eude ro end-useu d.m.nds rhe b6r infonatioi mdagem.nt s!n.m. Enomous lenSlhs of

pipeline network. qilh hus€ nudbeB ofindividual f&ilities - all ned sufrets ol th€n $.tus.

dpeirics ed tu.dions. all '

mtin8 in @l rim. all 'quirins

epeat d naintenecc ddcontut n.naaene ifihe sysrd .s ! rholc is to op@te.fficie ly and.fdivcly. Tied to

eeh ol these counn$s nunbes ofenriti.s and links is inlbrmation, on which ooeftliohll

dsisions e mad. 0d noniroed.

uti|nis ce he defin€d s an oq{izarioml e$p fiat mainr6ins lhe infcslructor. lor public

snke Gl*dicity, *d€r. !we.. dd natudl e6), The public utiliry ompanies hove chansed

si8nifi@dy in $e pa$ dccldc. Widr inc6i.s d.n{4 tl.€ is temodous FEsse @ rhc

rilny conpdies !o imprcvs th€n b$ines. Compdies hdv. b€en l@king r infomation

srskns ro r{rlrrize th€n b0tin6s ps.ts $d b.nefit lrom it.

AenteDurh i2002) cired thotCeosr.phic lnfomation Syslem (CIS) h asetoftoolstocaptuc,

moipulote p@s od displa, $dial or s*Efcenced dat - The oe of Ols in utilities is a tst

sorins lnd ecording t6 KEF ( 1994) rhe lm Auronaled Mappin8/Fccilitis Maag€mflt is

specificallyu*d ldurilily cohpoiesed mosr commonly de*rib$ as s drtab.ses d.si4ed !o

nd.gc neso*s ol i.ads, piFs. and *iF

'Ite economic d*elopm.nt of a @untry ha a dired Rlationship qith its rotal €.eigy

@nsumplion. N.ruEl Ca h one of th. chcap€n lnd mosl cmdnt .nerg/ eurcs for th.

€conomic 3re*1h of Palhrd,

Natuml s6 in Pdlishn is srriclly d i.t ftal tucl. ll is the biSAd losil tuel onEibllin8 lbout

47,5% (HDIP.2008) rowrrds th€ toralcn.rg) supplies.It has ftp|red ovg$e yea6, both coal

dd oil in vrioue sro6 oa.nerey.

The fi6l s6 fi.ld in Pakiso was di*overcd ar sui, Bdlochist& i. 1952 ed thc pipelin.

rdspoiarion feilides lor na$61 !,s blih during $e ffftis md sixties, c6 ui|n! conpdies

navc lds€ catitll inv6tncnrs in their .xt€nsiv. ,nd omplex tusnision dd disr.ibutio.

syst.ms in P.kistan. Pakistln is a country of 160.97 million psple (GOP,2003). wh.E o.ly two

gd utilil} @mp.nis @ oerg€d in lh. businss of hsisJion od dhriblrio. or natual gq

b€sid.s onstruclion of hish p6suE tEnsnission and lov pcsud distibotid slst.ms. Th.se

high md low prc$ue 84 pipelines aE laa&d in all four provin es of PaListan, ,.e sindh,

Brlehisb! N.W'F.P. & Punjlb.

Palhr!. has wcll d€velopd nd inGgded inlnstructure of tEnsponing, dbfibuting and

urili2ina .du6l Sa wnh tumission, distibution ed sdice li.6 n.t$ils de*loFed

proge*ively ov.r 50 y.as, The leng$ is noe th.n 100.000 Kmi originited ron Sui & morc

lhd 15 o$e e6 producing fi.lds, cDsins nd! popolared clq. f6h and other wrtcr bodies.

highrays. bridSer rnd o@s of iftgular lopogdphical lerFin lo corer rldosl all major udan

ond ene ruhl ss oa P.kistd.

since. Residenial. conm.rcial md indlsriol sto6 oa Pakhtan m constanlly €xpandi.gi

$@fc. g6 pip€lirc n taort is ale @ntin@61, grcwing. Hence! mrogemflt, opedion,

maintensce, saa.t}. inspdion od anolysis ,ctirilies ollhes sogEphically disFqsed lselsb.come wry ditlcuh tud chall€nsing lask lnd n€eds CIS l6hnolo4/ ror an cfficient

On Deenber 17.2008, tie incidm ofoil lqk.le !$ @cutrld on 16,000 Road, Setor 48,

l6m8l \,i.n fi€ undergrcund mlin oil pipel'n. of PaM pr$ing below thc enral m.did

tlud sas pu.ctured by SSCC erde^ while *orking on lhen ststem (Alam,2008)

A@ding to Sre€d (2008). lhe let of onhunicltio ed *no!l.dg. €84ding new

r..hnology of Osgtrpbical lnfomarion system (ClS) omong udlnies !a $e bdic @on

behind fte spillinsoul oiciud€ oil pip.line ih Koransi.

The connine consinur.d bt the sindh Covemodt o. rh. inc[€.. ofoil l.!k!s€ ncuFld on

16,000 Rord, Sstor 48, Komnsi. Karschi o. Decenber l?, 2003 d(ided lo sk the oil. Es,

el6trici9, *at( od sdse @dp.ni6 od lgdci6 b m.p ori $.ir rcspelive supply or

op.mtional n.rwod{s to €nsure the avaihbiliry oa lh. da|. dd detaik rt. cenral p14., rs an

effon lo e.suG hotpi@f oDeniion and ababnent of a€idenls in future (Alah, 2008),

Urility @np&ics in PaLisra, d .ot wo*ins undcr on€ 6uthorit!, mosll] they e autonomous

bodis ed !h.n spdial da$ is paps bcsed- sinc. no dtomared s)stdn is.xisted. lnafoF,lskol cedination and dalo sholihg among thm is . major isue now.

GIS slstem usd !o indic.t. onderg@nd pipelind ir siill non{p€Elioml *li1. il rs $e majo.

p.d oi (adhi M61er Plai-2025 (Saeed, 2008).

ln ae! compl.p paEel level CIS bs-n.p is .or lvailable ld any cny of Prlisb. Mo6t orrh.

infomarion avoil.ble in th€ maftet is ourdat d and linikd to prnicrlar csideniirl

scheme^oci€ties. Crs and other utility compdies ue lh€s daps or develop ih.i. own for

plmning dd dslopmem of 8$ pip.lines pmjets.

One oathe nain apllications ofClS h to minrain rnd pce$ g.GEfeenced drt!, Pe.dt,mosl ofrhe 6sets infomalion oflhe ulilily omp.ni6 is sloEd in the fom ol|hdirional papcr

iaF.nd in ede digirrl $m$. Sine, the inaom.tion is co inuously expsding ond pa!.r

mols d€ i.cBine Epidly. therefore. day !o day hedlins; stoag., c{toag., dd maintenrnc.

ol rhcs n.ps .R not ohly o bi8 challenge bur als a prcbleh now. No Gnulized data

6m.gcmcm sliem lordev€lopmd, sronge dd c$o6lion oflhe mapJinfonn ion is etsted,

Map3.nd other i.lomation m sroEd in @npd' i cgional omc6. Th. pl*nr sitoarion in

utility cofrplnid has a nufrbtr of shonconings:

I ) No autqMr.d ryrkm existlrd for marping

2) Mey dift€Enr sourcE ofoudar€d dd i$lared infodat'on

3) lntlrior qudlily. g.&. @pies ofa copy mode wilh convention6l nethods

4) Pobl€m of da& intenrion

5) Avaihblc inamarion !E dEM on o mp shds with F Vp.tuil or 610r nd(m6) hsu€ ofd.t s4urily

7) No adomalcd nerwo* t@68) Th. pNs ol d..ision making for n * @nn4rions Md d.velopm.nt Fojrcb is vdy

time4onsuming Md lahor inr.nsire

9) Conrinnous risk to loss/damlg. to haps du. to lire or any olher h@d

It is ale noted thal in eme Nc ficld cw3 @ll Ih.n m€mod6 lo id.nlit the atsa

localions, Thid p.nt &hlees or ncw conslruclions are ale on. of fie his coems.

Anons orh€r ulilily cohpui6, SliS.uth€m C6Conpdy (SSCC) is lhe first utilily $ho lmtinidatir lor lhe d*.lopm.nt of 6ls ltr ns .nriE ss pipelin. n.t*ort ro b. urili2ed ror

au&6ared nappi.S dd frciliq m.n.g.frent.

The vision ol lhe SSGC! CIS pojat is lo c@r. ed maintair d .mcid GIS .nvionmenl thct

fostcB seoEFphic dat! shei.g kithan vaious depdime.6- C6 pipelin€ nd!trk and orhd

ssgEphic infom.ioh psiouslt stoEd on sp.6te plper mrps on vanabk $dl.s have bden

inregrared. CsSmphic dat! is sroEd on a w.b prer s GIS dpplicrtion.nd n available

dmughour th. @mpdy via inre€t eNie- UeN theFfoE h.ve aee$ 10 *aml.sinr@rion olthe company\ sa di$ib ion.!d rdnision nelwork for visuliatad edbasic quen6 only. In SSCC, b.side oll ofth€ exigins b.ncfils, huge int6lne.i bd srrrc{f{h.-

aft CIs rechnolog!, p6e.tly. lh. sysien slill ha ilnber of inadequaci.s, which na, lirnher be

impoled a r.confrended bt th. althor in lhis srudt.

l) Th. d*lopnenr sg.s ol $e exising GIS @ nol pdpe.ly d@ddtcd; hcnce

srard.rd p@edu€s aG not .vrilable lor rhc d.v€lopm. ol Cls in ey olher compey

having srne bNiness n.turo.

2) Th. infofrdion is linat d !o vis@lianion, printing dd blsic qud6 purposs.

3) GIS 3Ften k gener.lly used d inprov.d nappins elurion and ost meas.mcnlj

thercforc. syst.m is slill nol iunctional for impoved businss peesses.

4) CIS mallsis models e not implemmrsd ro elr vdi@s bosins pmbl.ms, like.

.otuEl 96 demand and $pply. l.!t, piF asins dd r.pls.mo! cd .sdnrion,

nenvo( capaciry analysh etc.

Th.E w6 a diE ndd of a no<Ll ior ollysis of ndu6l c6 dem.nd Md supply distibution by

lhe gs urility cmp"nid in Pslisrn. Xinnu Englis[ Nseie (2007) cned DAWN .drpaper

repon $at th. P.lishi Bov.mm.nt is mticiparing the en rsy .risis ro woen in the .omin! $oye.s due to a 50o/q incElse in thc d€mand md a lather slo* inpolcm.nl i. the supply. A majo!

shon&ll is cxpcted in naruEl lrs supplies. 6 dn oflicial oere} demed foEc6l i.dicars thd

tt. <k@d for nrtunl EAs, shi.h mak6 up about t096 ol Pakisb! en.qJ @nenflion. muld

incl€e br 44% to 19 MToE fom 2? MTOE.

IRNA 12009) eponed dal Patisl4n s derc} fhis is leded !o ro6en next )tdr qith fie s6shortlall likcl! lo almon double b moe lhe 1$o billid cubic ld . day (BCFD). Dom6lic

onsnea rhrcuAhdr th€ colnrry m feing pobl.ms due ro fie long fiou6 CA load sh.ddine

and they aG forced to use soods for c@king lood tnd orh€r ues

C6 pip.lin€ ne$oi( nrtpins hs bq liom s4.Bl y6 fld mosr ofth. grs utilitt compdies

.sp€.irlly i. $e $id world ou.ti6 $ill hav. th.ir om dEftins l€chnicids !o teer lhe @.dup ro dar- Th€y ha!. srill ldoptgj tradition.l mdhods of l@ding $e chdge in $e .etwodq

id,. napvsketches fiom fi.ld to mpping depanm.nt dd ihe. aner modificolion bot to field

agEin. Ihis is the.xpcnsive, lime consuning and omerime incompl€te inlormotion rcco'dine

Droces which celes Edundohcv of work ad obslete l@rd qvronmenl.

Mdy BA di$ibulion @mpei6 in lhe d.v.lopcd *orld havc @eriz.d il dd dEy adopled

CAD t€hnology, dd rhd l.lq CIS to edd rhe old linq dd Myle n.F shcts, rhich nad.

te n.pping plcs morc emcimr.

Many udlities. €ven roday. use Cls ro crprur th. stlte ofthe utility n€twoA ond to prcduce

sm€ op.Erins maps thot w.E pNdued yes ago usins parer ud pencil (Degemond dd

In mdt g6 urility @mp!ni6 6p€.i!lly in thid wnld cNnEi€s like P.lhtM, th€e ir dcm.r8in8 ned ro exploft an easyro-u* mdhod aor nientins dai. fom plpd to a digni4d

s,3len. A onplere C lS system nor o.ly provid6 digirel naps but ale gives dcc.ss io num€rcus

tim.-svine od cosr cuniis tuls. CIS lechnolos} in utiliry ompdies nol only ues ror

aumaied Mapping/Facilit! MsrSene bur .le pl.ys imrorrst Dle in supponine worlflo*

ndagmem s!$mr ii.sdiq *irh cu$her irfondim sFcmt i elr.tio Mth Planing

ed Enginding,cos..altris, inv€.rory Msag.o.nt.

Ahhoush, aulhornies in Pakisbn aG ieli2i.g the nced ofcls syst m and hsve b*n *el€omed

b, el€ctric, tel*odnuniqtioh and e6 utility compa.ies, but tne decision ro implem€nl GIS is

not ihe o.e lhoi ould & tlken *ily, fie con of implemdlaion tbr cv.n r nedirn si4d

orSoialion ca En in lo milliom of Rupes. Howevcr, since 2005. SSCC h4 $aned

&Elopdem md impl.mddio olcls ftr i$ gat pipcline nsorL

Thed is als lek ol polnic,l ridom Md un.$.m.s of CIS tsh.olo8,. N*€nh€ls.

i.!din8 in AntFM/ClS sysens with go.d planningcM hclp busi.Ns b€nefit in th.lons dn

for urilhi€s comp.ni.s in Polistln.

Since, moe of rhe rchnologies adopted by Pakisrani oulborities @ Us-baed thcrcaoE sevml

challdg€s aE als inh€rcnl due to fie diflercnces in bosi.ess siyl€. usdr denogdphics,

infr^ashcrur. sl&d$ds and ueAe panems.

One ol the m.jor chlllmg€s lor $y dility impl@nins CIS is $e opuring or n.rwork 4d

la€li.ro@rion in ro cls (o shtu8l'nsy, 2002).

To mel thes. challeng.s. one of the nain objediv6 of this sludy is lo d@ument a c6t-

erecrive CIS mod.l for th€ designins and developncnt of &romaled moppinS md iacililies

maseme (AM/FM) syst€m for gd tnnsmirsion &d distibulion pip€line ne$orkt

infomalion neagcmefl dnd ns sucBsful inpled.nntion in gas udlny conpdics not only lor

digibl m+ping but als for €fdtive plonins. ddclopnd! mlysis. nlint nrne edoFdion of gls piFlin. n.t*o* alone wid lsd b6* inromdion. Followins d lh. oth.r

iain objetivG ofthis $ud!:

l) Developn.nt ol b* m.p for e6 distribution and trosnission pip.lihe coridor edolher Elat d inloff ation unhin the scopeolstudy area.

2) To idc.riq rh. cquiFmdr of diflecnt iypes of dala€$ lor thc d.vclopmd of

ulooat.d mrpping dd friliri.s 'mageodt

remplaE.

l) To di$ov.r fi. pow.r/u* of ClS, rcmol€ ssing dd cPS hhnologi.s for th.

delelop'nen of altonEred mappi.g dd failities mersen€nt

4) To establish the elsrionship and dilter€nccs of ga pipeline ty?€s both for tdnsfrhsion

lnd dis(ribution pip.tine.ehvork.

5) To b.i.g oul v&ious ryp.s of hten hordwe. $ftwe cnd oth.r bhnololi.s for the

evaluation. developn€nr. utilizarion, managemenl of g.s pipeline n.tworl using

outomarediappingdd facililiesndagem. srsld.

6) To dtablhh soidelin6 for the ph.ner, oeina6, daasion-malcu for fis u* of

Ceomarics (RS/CIS/GPS) t*hnologt ior erisiing and future ed Pipeli.. n.two*

7) Uxinarelt. to d€velo! . CIS be, mod.l fiar could b. os.d ror rbe dllysis of eddemod .nd supply pafi.d in the dom$ric/csid€.rial sector to addBs lh. hsre of

narural g6 cnsis lor planning, development, ndagemenl ofexisling md lbnh coning

piFline n t*or*s.

ft€ rudJ *ould b€ underaren s the folro\'ng l")poth6i

''lf Aulonaed Mlppin8/Facihy M&ogeme.t (AM/IM) technology on CIS platiod applied

*nh eilcidt had*e eppon rhar may plat a vital mle d th€ .l.me.i of lhe uolyliml sdinr.lligd drision suppon loot lor $. pldning, d*lopndl dd mlnageme or ncruBl s6dhribution and tEnsmhsion ie$o*,'

c6 tusission cnd disLiburion pipeline neNonr e t*o dillNnt syslems for $e sotpl, ol

ga to qd uei Although, lh.y hav€ us.d for se Emns but th.y harc diliftnt nrtut ol

op€€tio.s. Baed on fie infodation available arcm SScc. naruralra supply st$cm fom 8siields up to snd consumer has been disu$ed dooughly alons with CIS &ra structuring, dab

collcction dd d.!.lopftd lor AM/FM. bo$ for lmsmision &d distiburion srsr.n nelrcrk

*hile mllsis lunctims have b6n done cla!.d to ea disrributio. sysem. In third so.ld

countis liks Pakistan, dal! esourc.s aE limited rnd even ovailable data m nol t.mpomrily

and spatiall] continuous. Ai sonc pl&es, disribution systen m.y hav€ hangine pitelines, t?,piFlin6 my nol be conn*t€d with the net$ork. Als du€ to tedtitm acrivnies in fic Egion, it

$.s v€rr- dimcult lnd ri*t ro colled de bt Soing didly inlo lhe fi€ld lor.sF.i.ll' fot

ta.smission pipeline corido^ duc lo fien bng exrcnc Holevd. tull effods har. b€s made

lor the collstion oftansmission pipeline conidor data di@lly bd despit€ all hard work,70 Km

oftnnsnission pip€lines fom bsse. Sui cos Field dnd RSI leation rs 3hoM in Fieur 3.1

t.,l

rhis rcs.dh wdt mnptiG of t*o main 96 piFlin6 ffiidou lll-BP & IRBP) oflEGmi$ion netwo& dd Katuhi Resion, ,?., K.Echi cny md Hlb lndunnal Tdding Esratc

(H,I,T.E, in Ldbeld Disriict of Baldhist n Povinc. Nodh wesr sid. of Kehi). lor gas

dhfibution pipeline network oM€d sd egulale by Sui Soudeo Ca Company Limned

(SSCC) (Figurc L I . L l, sd !.8). The @dpsy des nol ow nor opedk $s ssrhsins sysLm

!r th. 8s li.lds. G6 is d.liv.rld by field op.nh ro SSCC al e 6gred Poinl of Delivery

(POD) Iiom *nft ga is tdmined on$Ed rhough SSCC s tusi$ion piFline systeo ro

K.Echi dnd other egions, K6@hi rcgion ha 70y, g$ consun€r be $d 44% of distibution

DiFline ne&od. of sscc,

Th€ lndus Left Bok Pipelin.(ILBP) ws builr in 1955 dd dns,long rh.6r sideof$e lndus

River (reushly mEr of rhe sindh Pmvhe) cMsins D@ Btrgii, Jrccobobad. Shitnpu..

Kh.iour Ns{€lshah, Sanshe. Hydeabad, ,.tuhoo. Thrtu dd K@hi Dist icrs wirh tolal

lenBh of555lin md 16 /,., diamettr wheredlnd$ Riehr Bdk (IRBP) Msbuilrin 1977od

runsalons the west side ofthe Indus River.osiig Deh Bueti. J&cobabad, Shikarpur, Larkd4

Dadu and lmshob Dhtnc8 *nh loral l€nglh of 493 Km dd 18.l,c, diamer€r. Both

ltumission pip€lin6 n n lnd Eeire gs mdnly lDm Sui fi€ld 86 purifidio. pld lor

supplt to the orie cnt or ('@hi rhmush disiblion ndwo.t (Ener&/ R.surce crll. 1973)

Kamchi is the spisl ofsindh Prcvince od fom.r Fed.El Capilol. Kdfhi Division. leg.raddinisttutive unil lying Seognph icall! in belwen24q45'N to25'17 N and 66" 42 E10 67.

l4 E, ws compri$d of fiv€ dist.i.6 Kdachi Eo$. KoEchi Wesr. Ksachi soulh, KlrehiCenhl .td Mali. ln Augus( 2001. rhe Sindh tml Covemm€n! Odinane 16 pmnulsarcd

and.ccodinely KlEhi City District Covchmenr 16 csroblishcd ro lmt an6 lhe sholc

K&.chi Division und.r d. sinSle adninistErivc Euthority. In$ead of fomd five dislrics

Karcchi Dilhion slsdirided inb Eighren to*ns (Mohnood el a1..2001) (Fisu€ Ll).

Admi.i$rdirelr. City Dklid of K@chi. @nsisting of 18 sdministaliv€ toMs. 6Cebnn nts. ed dE F€drrl dd PDvincial govnndr lsd holding a8mci6. The bws @r.Firorirlly tunhcr suMivided inlo 178 Unim c@ncah. Th. roral ldd ,R ofdc K!@hi

disrricr is spgoxinDlely 1600 3q.kn, of wli.h lbdr 1300 rqJd e @upi€d by lhe buin-lp

@ (sith l5 intenal bws)- Tte r@hi ndopolilar Glion. s dcr.mired by thc @nmul€r

d.. spMds oy.r the pd of rhe 3umunding di$ric! Th 6 Md ,msnom of Sindh to th. 6rdd Lasbella of Bllochislor to th. west. Th. coArline in rhc di$nci is about ll5 KM long

e{endins alons the Chm C@k westward b.yond CaD. Monze b lhe estuary of the Hab River,

Almosl in rh. centE of th€ cdst shelter€d by thc isknd of Mano6, lies the Pon or Ka@hi. wid

enrire Pakistm and Alghmistu foming its var hint rland. The Port Muhamnad Bin Q6in .tPiprion fie Choro Cek *des a conplenentary ole (C,D.C.K., 2007a).

Some blsine$nen dd fishemd rlo.g th. *d foond.d thir cny in l3s cennlry. A! lbd lime ilv6 @ll.d s Kal&hi-Jo-Goih or K,l.chi-Jo.tuh (r'.s. vilhge ofKal&hi) dd lhs lo ils pEsnt

nm.of Konchi (@P 1984).

Itt- \ !--1,\ir

.E

!I

il

.-J--qi i,'5 - !!

,iiiliiir

- €a'

EE:

t,5

1,5.1 En rry

Palkhn w fouded ir I94?. Itr. @jo. stor wbi.h cotuM€d connercial.reryi/ in

194748 M rhe Bilsays. Cod s6 a mjor sue of.netg)/ ord claimed aloul 59,8% of thc

blal omedid cnersy supply of $e outry 6 alrinsi 37.1% nel by the p.troltud

prod@ts drd l. | % by hyde el€.rricity,

Thc rcn{onmFi.l tuels w@ the @jor src of.Ersy chining noe tha ?d/" offi.loul encrgy supply in Pakish. Fr*@d &d ch.Mgl w€E Bd both in cities ad Nnl

ea for dom.stic a well a industrial Dl@es,

Wirh $e ddelopndt of medium eah ind$iri.s. road lrmport, mehdiAtion of

agriculturc. .xpdsion of @.meriol s.dor and public utihi€s od ubdiatioo. {@ denmd

foi @mm@ial enqey inc@s€d mifold (Encr4/ Re$UE ceu. 1978).

Tn disv.ry of EfiEl gs itr 1952.1Sui q6. blcsing fo. a yoDg naliol lmling lor a

ch€ap $w. of *rg/, ro 6El its indusai.i pDgK.rd si.l dev€loF@t. N.tu..l 843

lhs.mcBcd not only s the choFr fiEl e|@ lor itdosuial and d,om.stic cLqon6. bul

al$ om th.t q6 indubit.bly cl@.r ed moG .nviNffi13l liiendly.

The en rgy slpplics dding the yed 1964 irc'.*d by abo the md half ihes, oler the

level of 1950, The pattem of merSy suppli.s.ho cbdsed due io $e availability of

compdativ.ly cheap.r nalual gs &d conv.Fion of cod li€d tllway engire k' diesl

.ngins. Table l.l shovs energ/ pidre i! Pd(hid from 1964 lo 2009. Nslul gA

surp!$.d oil s Paljstiar\ l@dbg.@rg fu.l i! 2002. In 2009- n conribuled a8ivo. whil.

in yd 2005 ir ha @ribured mc rta 50%.

conprsd Nar@l cs (CNG) d.v.lolmdr in Pddrbr slaned in mid eishiid who

Hydcadon Dev.lopm lditure of P6tine (HDIP) sa u! tso CNG FtEling sLlions in

Kechi &d lslrrobad- Due to qc€ll.nt proddion and disbibmion of NotuEI CG in

P.tistsi today there ee noe thd 2718 op€dional CNC clu€line sErios (OCRA. 2008),

Tablc l.l: Mqid Eners/ slpplid ii P.ri$an

oil'tL

LPC

1964 53.1 22.8 15.0 8.5t97t-12 42.4 ll.0 8.1 15.5

t976-11 38.8 t1.2 6.1 1,2 0.11989-q) 19.t0 18.01 7_67 l4_54 0.25 0.34199495 41.2 J7.l 5_1 15.0 0.1 04

41.5 ,m.5 10.7 0,2 0.5200t42 40.8 42,.7 10.0 t.2 0.42004,05 29.4 50.3 1,6 ,0 1.2 0.42005{6 28,4 50.4 t2.7 L0200647 J0.0 485 7.1 12.7 0.5200748 30.5 41.5 9.2 10.9 1,2

200844 .)2. I 48_.] 1.6 t0.6 0,6 0.6

Sowr (Eftrey Reercc C.ll. 1978a HDIP, l95i HDIP, 2000; HDIP' 2005i HDIP. 2009)

The r.cent price hite in inl.hdlioml crude oil led Pafistan to i@@e o!.rall enaey priccs,

CNC pn@s e ale atTard due to iNEe in dmdd bln il is slill prcvidin8 Elief lo

niddl. cls *no hadly .flord to M thcn vchicles @ p.lrol. Cov.mnl is advely

pBuins intod*tion ofCNC in public trarpon o help edre d6Fnd.E in inrroded oil.

P.ldrlan h6 b€.n emerged a world s nub.. ore by surpasing Arg.ntim dd B@il in

nuhb.r of CNG vehicles md stations. According ro stalislica of Natural Ca V€hicles by

InEtutiorul Aswiadon of Ndural C6 Vehicler (lANCv). Patisld has two nillion mtur.l

gls rchiclG otr tb€ oad in Denbq 2008 (IANCV, 2008).

1.5.2 N.runl G! ltrduary

Thc natural gas indstry in Pakislm hN historically grcm oui of oil explorstion dddelclopn nts eflods. Th. sirocrN of the indutry hN evolv€d 6.3i.t dbly in rhe F$ six

Tbe induslrt Frimdily cohpris of €ompei6 inrclrd in cxplo6tiot/podrctio!,

pr@essine, tmmissio. snd distiburion of nalural 8s. Main compmies involved in

exploration od poduc$on of s6 N BHP. MGCL. OGDC. OMV. PP!, LASMO dd BP,

Tnee e two srs @npdics involv€d h ni&rt.m dd dowlrlu aclivitiF. SNGPL ard

sscc. opqlr€ d mmpolica for the F&mision and disrnbmion of g6 in fieir 6?chi*aa. SNGPL op€d. irs bsins in Nonhed Pbvi@s of Patislm sith torrl lnlMision

.elwork &d dht ibulion nelmrk of 7,0l6Km &d 65.951Kn Bpetiv.ly (SNGPL, 2008)

while SSCC operEr€s in Soutllh Pnvir6 of P.l{sl,n with toIll lrdsnisiotr retwork eddisribrlion trtlo of l,290Km and ll,9l lrs GDectively (OGRA, 2008; SSGC, 200E).

Toral tmsnissio. md disdburion piFlin€ n rwotk is 108.168 Kn.

SSGC s fmchise dea ws iniially sNed by rhe indep€ndenl conpdies! ,:e. (l) KdehiGd Compdy Ltd. (KCC). i.@rpoEr€d on Augur 12. 1955. (2) Irds C* coip6, Lrd.

(lCC). imrpoEd otr AuSBl l?, 1955 dd (3) Sui 66 Tlmhision Compony (SGTC).

i@tponted in Feboary ll. 1954- BNd o.lh€ d€cision ofde Covc|rft of Pakisl-'n.

iniially Kcc dd IGC were n€rg€d to rom tbe southem c6 compey (Scc), incoDonted

on April I l. 1985. This @ follo{ed by $e merg.r wilh SCTC on Meh 10. 1989 !o fom

ssGC. SOTC h.d pdncipally bd oftenEd with fie puincado. ofs$ ar s!i. Bduchilhn

lo wc $e equien ots of all fou pDvirc, a wll d gs r.nsmision !o sindh aid

B.lNhblan. (CC and IOC aince their e$ablishft EE involved i! thc dktibution ofgalo lhe iodlsdal. @nmeeial ed doneslic o6umm in Sindh ad Bdlochislo.

As a rcsull oflhe nerSn of KGC. IGC and SCTC in 1989, pffinlly SSCC is espomible for

puiliclti@, 'Nision ald dist ibtnion of nar@l 96 in the povines of Si.dh ard

Baluchine- The ompany .le puifi€s 8a ar Sli lor th€ povinces of Punjab md NWIP

(thc fwchhe @ of SNGPL), fte codpmy s op€rations also include dislribudon ofall@dled quola of LPC 10 all lou pbvi@s, nmufactuing of Fsid.niial dd com.rcialg6 ftleE. &d piFlirc @nstmclion (Mushey. 1997).

In SSCC. ss @.suftB e onrmnly ddin.d s tn E m th@ boad ebgondind6dal, com.rciol a.d don6tic. Indust idl c$tond rquns hi&h pBsle ga supply

while cotomercial sd dom$lic rcquim conpanlive m€dium ed low pEssre supply,

esFclively. Induslrial cstomers @ turthd clasined s pos.t staliom, cdot pl&ts.

Patisrd Stel. textile. cheni.als Efmi6 md ph.mcuricds gls & cemics, ibn &stel. oil & eap, mrollur!)l and CNC srllion {SSCC.2008)

Cohnercial sctor includ€ hot€h. Esralmls aod insriluliom such es hospit h. ln thh secto(

gs is used for larye vollme c@tinB, sdr ed spee healing, €l€clric Senmlion.

ln domstic/Edddti.l scrd, th€ Frury applicalotu of ga e c@king, mGr 6d sp@

h.atins, &d elatic 8o@rq. U$ of .lerric sE|@tion .r doh.$ic ldcl is grcwine ngidly

d@ ro ffit .risis of Dow failw in Patista.

Th. tolll ga.unoDa b!$ oI SSCC ha bcn.xpddld by a6l% si@ yd 1981. Y@-

wi* d.bik c givo in T!bl. 1.2.

Tabl. L2: SStr! R.gjon Wi. Ndud Ga CuronB

I93l 246,n7 2q22@ 369,t29

tt85 106,5r alJ,,l5l

t,t l9 tt?,0t6 19t7l

I,516 103501 70t59

I,8q2 IJ,J4O r,08r,oal lo9q493 tl6J,l8 I t6228

2005 2.431 t2s2,515 t260,l55 tn,6a9 t46U5 t,718,6t9

2003 t10r,848 t421Sat a6|,041 IU305

So@: (SSGC, l9E9; SSCq | 995i ssCC, 2000; SSCC, 2005: ss@, 2008)

K@ni hlt tu gqr F ro bod ot Ir@!s*i!ti6 bdq m gig.mic mnl|ffi$,

m midts gldi6 nd @ grEt Ns@eltuinr m ldg 3rori6 of pa@ or w

Kehi, o. Kol&hi, th. .g $l@ it E l@rcd w dgndly cdlcd M buih by de

Hindu m@h6rs in 1729, q. foni6.d enlcmot or thrrty-fiw &6 d hlgh ercuri mntl

of Xlahi brt, rhc gltc faing 0E s a .tllcd Khdadrr, or tlE 3.ll grt , ald it gd!

fein8 lhc rr}!i RiG E crll.d Mithrdr, or tltc aEr gat . Mirhrda ed KhrEdr emw itnpori. *iglbo o<b itr dE old city, Th. $nlmnl w 3tr rcgicrlly lealcd, Thee

wE lMerorc nsh6 10 rhc 41 8nd $uowd, thc s to tlF wst $d $uowe! ed tbe

Lyai Riwr ro Ue nonh 0d B6t,

During l95l dd 1972, lhe population of Kdehi i.cEded by 217 F.cent. This city h6grcwn nealy 25 lines in thc lasl 45 teds and is gowing ar d€ rale of aboul 6% p€! &num,

rDline K@hi one oflhc fal.sr g'ostng ciies in the world. Tbis sit@lion n minlt due to

d€ Epid indulrializrion pms vhich lDs ca$ed corninu6 innu of p€opL iiom uF

counlry d6 ro K@hi(Aele.2002).

As a €suh 1o aeomod.t the incofring populalion. new tosmhip3 have b€en €sublished

nom fiilen !o ttory niles !o tn 6r and wesi of (mbi in Kotugi od Ns Km€hi. ln

th€ vicinily of th* loMship! ldg€ indusuial @6 *€E de plM€d dd incnlircs

prcrided lo rhe ihdustriahk ro develop the* ea. Squnr snlements w€re al$ d€veloped

alongrhr ruads linlins$ecny roNer Kmchiand Kodd

In l9?2. K,fuhi be6e ihc €pitalof the ddrcd pwine of Sindh. The then eorcm.nlpomt€d lhe condructio. oa medim-ns and hieh-de apanmnr buildin3s. Cons€qEn y.

Kdhi s skyline $an€d lo chbse ed a flal{ultw. which hs now beode e i.regdl pan

of Kddhi s socioloe/, be8,rn ro d€velop. Building bylsws wee chdSed so s lo incease

building hcishls md.ov€Ed a@. Th* polici.s .le dmified the old city md olerl@ded

its rl@dt lBgile inn?$ocnG. and c@t€d ver @l slw in lhe niddle and lo$r niddle-

in€one sububs. Il sle l€d to the cRation ol a flar cdtu {Meyennk, l98r). The rD$(n ofXdrcti ,rrar'iss incrsed dd suburbs lo the norrh md north eat of th€ city @ densifyi.s

dtidly du.ins i977 to 1987. K@hi @nrinues ro b€ d intonai nnmcial dd industiial

@te for th. Simln ad hddl.s msl of lne ovelg lFde of Pati$4 &d the Ce ral Asio

couri6. lr eoub tbr a ldg. ponion of th. cDP of sinrll

1.5.3,1

200ft).

Total popuhion oi Kanchi divisio. 6 9.85 miuio. Frsons accoding |o 1998 Census. The

alemg. m.u.l e6*1h nlc of populalion is 3.52 peMt. The popul.tion dsit} is 2.794.53

p€e.s pcr eq. kjloneter. Tabl. l-l indids de population ercl1h fom l95l to 2005.

the l&g6t dd $e f6t st elovi.s meglcily ofPakislan $ith a popddioo ofovr(2006). wh'ch is .xpectd ro @h 27 nillion msk by $e 2020 (C.D.C.I<..

S@icEoooElc Sbtus of L'rmchi

Table Ll: Popul.rio. ol Kln bi. l95l -2005

l95l r.068.459 14.51l96l r,9t2.s98t912 1.515,402 5.0l98l 5,437,9E4 4,81998 985,6310 4.2.2005 l5,l r9,810 4.15

SouEe: LGOP. 195l: GOP. 1984i OOP, 2000; C.D.G.K., 2007b1

A ltre€ een€nr of (mhi's populaiion. oudlt 40 p@ni, is afrlicr.d wid pov€riy.

Kafuhi! populatjor is dildified in tcms of .rhnicity &d @nonic @odniotu. AFrt frmin-niennts libn Paki$an s povinces, a la.s. nmbcr of misuts lion A&ldi$arBardddn dd orlB Soulh Asitu @unid6 hav. Ftl€d in the city- \Mlh m sveE€F

nonthl, hoEhorc iMne of R!.15000. rhcc is considcdble vridim in il|lrnedislriburion. Roughly ?5 F6l of fi. hoeholds f.ll in the qlesory of Door .rd low

ircone smupr dd 25 p€t6t oturnure dE middle ed hish in@nc srcups

As a ev@E gftniine bos, X]@hi @n!ibut6 sub.r.ntirlly to fie Mlion l .xcheqE and

dE previNial BmEs {allmt b th. .xtcn of about 65% oa the toLl Ev.nrc9. k,mhi,rilh ils enomos rotendal !o *ry€ the outry. is now mdsins 6 a slobdizd onplq in

€onpdition wnh other rgional c€nlm ol simild order (C.D,G,K.. 200?!),

NotuFl es is lhe hain sou& of enersy consunprion in Klfuhi ar all levels, ta, donestic,

comnerial ed induslrial. Thourh Sui Souihed Ca Compmy liniled is one ol the besl

ltiliry compary in Palhhn sFcially in Ksschi, but large popllation wilh hieh growth rate

dd depriled econonic condition ol Kdachi bd frajor conribltion afsiing the eficie.cy

of rhe narural ed sNice prclide6. thc. pl&e ftn ndoo. pesue on auihorities not only to

Mi ajn the demdd and suppl! atio of n udl sa! bur al$ deMds ef€.ivenes in

supplying ntural 916 to €nd consumeB.

r@hi is now mong lhe ten top @ldng l&gd cnies in the wrld. In 2005, the population

of l<sshi w6 €sdmled at 15.I riUio. &d th. numbd of hoosholds is abour 2.I ninion.

CNC d lasponadon 6El ale hrs mjor ml. in Mtunl gd onlmption in Kmhi.Majoni' of priv& rthicles h,rc he.n @nven d !o CNG bsae of cneper price 6@npded b P€Irol. X!@ni abne hd 297 opeEtional CNC slalions (OCP!A. 201 0).

1.6

Physiogdph] is $e sienific study of$e @t!61 fealurcs ofthe Ednh's surfue, espsially in

ils cmnt sp@ts, including lmd aomarion, clinare, cuftnts. snd distriburion ot l oF hdaauno. Beside orn r l&to6, ph'sioSraphy h6 inport nl Nle in the citi6 eo$dr s sU s inplming, d€!.lopmenr, coanredon dd oFErion of piFtiE nerwo.ts For smln suppt,

of 86 lo od e. piFlin6 $helher lhey @ rdMision or disLiblrion. dinlainine 96pesw js orways cntcal ro gd conpanies, Ciri.s in hjUr temjns complain moE aboul los.

e4 pre$ure mrher d@ the cities ofplain es, The pbvince ofBalehisld h4 ooly 19.4ol"

md 8.74% of tn€ lolal distriburion .e$orL and custonen resp{liv€ty. bur du. to irs rugged

lemin. lhk csion is onroll.d rbrolgh a lese nudb€r ofpEsur regutalor s|ariotr.

Orisimring ar Sui gs freld in Bal@hisbr, 95olo of ILBP and lRBp pipelines lay in SindhPmtine. Ttc Pmvince of Sindh, locared in the $ulh of pathran. consists oflhEe $senda vdifee.r physiogdphic Mirsi lhe @Ly plains and hilh of (onista. and rhe Khirthd Rdsei. rh. Es! rhe alludal IndE ptains in rhe cor4r d<t lhe snd dun6 ofrhe Tte Desd inth€ 6l (Leale ed Kmd. 190). -nE*

rh@ pnysiognphic uic d ale tnoM !s Rclqwcst€m Reaion. Auuliat Cenral Region &d Sod, Esrd ke&on.

ILBP &d IRBP l@3mission pip.lin€s, in Sindh prcvine. pss thDugh two minphysjoSnphic Fgions i... Atluviol C. rat and Rdky \v.srm, Altuvisl Resjon G fomedby rirdne ed inigare<l pans of Sindh. Tn€ e@. ot wter is river inurdarion ed caals foragrcuuure. v.geution, livestoct dd nmd populalion. Th€ canals re origi@ted al l1treb{hs* (Gudu. Sul4ui md Korri) on the Indc River. Tn ldd us in rhis reaion h

Thc Raty Wdem Egion is conpri*drs8e. The dea does nol l*ive thc

condnions for kgetation. livest@k edis spcad okr 41000 sq. kn dd tbe ledr990).

of dry cl, nounlain, shj.h fom psn of KhinbrIndus inigadon or irunddion Esulling in hdsh

hume populados This disrinct physiosEphic eaue h ndinly Enec nm€enenl (Leakc fld Kan.t,

Tle Sindh Fovince lo$s its g€dient fron Nodh o Soud tud W€st to Easl, RiEr Indls

no$s fton Nonn b South. The eurhcm pln of Sindh pmvinc. is delro rgion. Allituds al

ssGC s Head Qlart€$ (l'isure 3. I ) along lhe ILBP md IRBP de giren in Table L4.

Table l.4i SSGC's H€ad Ouds. AltitDde fron M@ Sca Level

IIBPUdIRBP 211Shikarpr HQ IRBPSulluHO ILBP 51

ILBP l3Dadu HQ IRBP ll

ILBP 20ILBP&d IRBP 48

SoKe rDlRlo8ic.em, 2009: Compd.d by Aurhor (uPS suftt I

Tlm eliclinG ud lhr synclirc, lD*n s Mdir, Lay&i dd Hab, Mk th. physic.l

chdaterisdcs of Kd.hi. The Malir flows in rhe e$r of Kdehi. de t yari 0ows though

the h€ad oaciry dd Hab li6 l0 tn lo rn w*r dd flo$s alons Kebi L6bela boudary.

TlE.lluvial plains of ihe rivci t:ydi ed Maln d9_ ed polhred whee th. s is nd at

hed ond nos lhes chmels @ beine ced s *w!ge qaler chmeh esp{ially in rhe urbm

ue4 .,unins Fon des. plsins m bam wky oulcops fron ridg€s md low hills. ln the

viciniry ot lhe cNi. s cEl6 ed tmgrole swMps e net si1h. Ouuying is pomimnt in

the ener @ll of uinhabirdd ma. North.we$em ponioo is shrted by rhc Kinh& Rnge,

vhich li6 @nh-ed-eu$ a Elated m.nbqs of de Pabb Rase, which .xtcnds turtn*lrdparallel to tle KirdE Roge. Exle.dine fbn Cape Mom (Exlrenc Souh west of K@hiDivision) to the Mdghopir qea (Cmhe of KE@hi Divhion) is a sries of hills and ridges.

kno*n 6 Jhil Re8e. Moi ofrhe hitls haw h.i8tft Mge 6om ,m0 fd ro 800 fftt. Fom

South e6t of |he cny lo Nonh dec is &olher snes ol lo* hills. which n exk.ding norrh-

weslward. Thes. hilh ac 96 f*r to 200 feel higb. Disli.cl lion the alluvial plajN ol rhe non

FEmid Mali! ed L.rd nv.6 @ th. pldes of @iie dcnud, ion. Souh of rhe cny is

lolally comecled *itn Atabid sea wheEs ihe .rst-eurh+6| li6 s lsl qpdse of nud-

flats. sddbdks &d h{grove swaftps, if,teMcled by a complicated systen of hfrilyinsce*s ard inler3 (Pilh.wllo et al.. | 946).

ln Ka@ln Egion, physiosEphy bd not lne mjor impacl on e6 p6uB in thc piFliB.Low ga pBsure conplains in pipelift lbr dilleEnt d6 (Mbi may be due !o ldge

numbd of ndural s6 consumers. ,: e. 68.9e/0 of rhe roral SSCC'S cstomeu,

One ofdE bdtic f*lo6 on $e incNiry for u* ofnatunl gd is fic climadc @ndition ora

Gsio.. Consumption oa mlural ga is inv.ely pDponional o s.eml veiationsi it is

higher in winter sason and lowo in su@er sason. Th€ clinate of Si.dh me6 froncxesively hor in rhe nonh to modemle in lowci Sindh disFicls. The ctimale is minltgoven d by l€nFale ed Einlsll. Th. renp.ratb in uppd Siidh v6ry ftom mdinM404t d€gF Cehis in smffi nonrhs ol May ro AuSusl ro ninimm E - | 3 degE Cetsis

in *'inrer. SFong eulNrslm wituls chafuleriz tlE werler in lo*s Sindh tion slmermon$s of May-Sept€nbf.

K.mhi is l@red on dE coan and 6 a asuh hs ! Elatirely nild climte. The level ofpeipnadon is los for nost of the yeu, Howev.r. dre to ihe cny's proxiniry !o rhe eahumidily levels usually €min high l,llmuehour the ye&. K@hi e.joys mild wihie^ &d

K@hi aho Fc.ives th€ rail end of lhe noNoo. rains. Since sudher

cmFntres (fie sd of At il tlmugh tne eid of Ausu, a€ appoximr€ly 10-15 degres

Celsius, the winEr nonth3 (Novdb€r lnbugh M&rh) e rbe besl rin€ !o visil K,mchj. The

mnlh of Jdy gd.6lly ob&ry6 mud run$n Binfall (C.D.C.K.. 2007c). Il is mr€d rnn,

dimate h2s signifi.dt innuence on populadon Srosln of lhe cni€s. Frcm begimine. d@ ro

mild climale od olher !rba. am€nities. r@achi is co in@sly receiving frssive population

As wn fDm Table L5. rh. climar€ in (,@hi is mr e hsh in sinrd s.@n: deefoe. eoa snlr h.atne appliancs for barh i. doncslic *ror my be one of rh€ min Eens tbr

clalively hish natuEl gs coNunption in win( seMn. space hearing applidcs in Kechi

The rainfall in Sind hss meag€r Rnh liftle sub-Egioml leiaion wi$ ! ned murl fie@ of| 50nn. Mucn of ihc din falh durins mnwn monrhs ton Jue-Seprnb.r.

T8ble I 5 Kdrh' Airpon. Patis6 CLma(A!@g. W.arhe4 D&

s.p O.t

l8.l 20.2 24.5 28.1 t0.5 l t.4 l0.l 24.9 28.9 21.9 2l_9 19.5 26.03

Hign

25.8 27.1 lt.5 l4l 15..) 34.8 ll.7 )2.6 34.7 ll.9 27.4 11.72

t2.1 t7_6 22.3 25.9 21.9 26.1 25.2 2 r.0 t5.9 r !.6 20.33

9.8 |.1 0.0 5.5 85.5 19.9 1,0 1.8 r8.12

r.8

Sow.: (Clinare.Ch6ns,@'L 2008)

Today, $e cmpadd etro igDr.d cIS for iis .lfc.live rele ir oD.6rion and minicn!rem mw .ibline be.'@ of |h€ thFd of compcdrion .nd b.bs .bl. !o espond lo poblic.

Egulato.y, md legislative iiquiri.s thal c gcogdpbic in .at@, GIS nDpping sysLn cem ilitics wilh the toh lo @npete effici€nlly, idehtiryins wh€r€ r€venu€ k coning fon@n!6!!d io wh.E 6.ili1i€s e l@aled.

VdioB utility con!&is h.v. ch6e.d significdtly in lne Rmt y€s. Wnn iG6ingdenDid. thce is t€mendour pcss@ on lhe uriliry compflies to idprov€ lhen buin sb.caue of lhe $rar ol conp.tition and being able to rspond ro public, resulatory edl€eislativ. inquidd filt d SsgEphic in 6ift. Conpari$ ha!. b@ lmki.g ai

infomadd .tsLrc to rrgdia lheir bBiEss prscs ed b.Efit from it. A n 0cde.

GIS for lutonat d mappug md f&iliE l|r@g€Mt not only p@vids dieiial @ps but alepmvides eamles a(e$ to dara lo all intemally ed €xtemally. incBes produdvny ddefrciency by quickly npddftg rn6ps b Encci n.w ftcilili€s ed disLibuiiog ind &o$ lh.6terp!i*. povides henq res lo all tubnr d!t! liom mulliple stsrens inpo!.s.unoffi stisfldion by imFDving custoner sryift. Elialiliry, ad plmirg s a Buh olmore ecuate and nPro-daG informarion. i6prov.s eil*tiv€ engi.cdne dsisioN, wod(

n1mScn nt. dd dapping ed mlysis nucioN dd luows for continuous inpnvem.nr.

Over th. y€6, .lespin Ell or th. above benenc. a numbcr of GIs poj*ts b$r lailed to

deli!{ expe.t.d rsulls. In (My ces, $6e projecrs wE de$ined almo fron then shn

by Mmgemot tehniques md ors$ialionsl siructres poorl! suired lo acbieling a

succestul GlS, Local golements lypislly d€ venical orCrliaiioN *ith ldgely

a onomou detann€nls. B, @nl6! GIS sd elared tehmlogi* d horia sl in EtuE.

typically spdning moe th8n om depann.nr ed @uling (d e6) €vcryone fiom

.nsin€s ro plm6 dd dtlne elF who cli€s on mps dd ecordr lo do rheir d.ily sort.

Oood pojed plmi.g dt the ihirial slage, is a kcy $ irs su(esstul implefte.hion. Iv{ajority

of tn€ GIS-basd ptujdcls ft challenging B they n€ed sigrifiqr enbns on buildins de

caplbilily. borh for fld l|s ed inplens ng agftiF. for $itablc desiSn ofth€ nodcl,

considqing tte limirarioN in t ms ofqoalny s q@tity olspadal data.

In Paldslsn. GIS tshnology n in ils infscy srage. Thousll' ldal or Ldc6l dhonties edieussi.s dd eali2ing the idpo'1dce of CIS in veious golmment sstoh but lach of

knowledse. exFnise, c$urc6 od sDnddd dolabae .lesig models e major consftaint in

novins foeard tos.rds the idpleft tdion ofcls. Clftndy. dE inplcnenlation ofcls is

cMut.rins a eendio in *nich th€ oNlbnrJinpl€Imtidg fim h.v. GIS expeni$. bur

litt|e or no donain lNel.d8e. o'r rn olh{ hdd. the omer/u*r is co ent€d in dE domin

md bd liftle or no udeGtsnding ofcls. So. thcr. is a side gap, which n*ds to b€ bridged

for su(e$tu1 design, d.!.lopmml ed inplemcniation ofcls. The ulimate objedive of the

$B stud, is to rcduce this 8ap dd play a ole of bridge lor lhe designing. developmenl md

nale oFEtioml 6F.i!lly in ontqr of irilysis of e aubnared mpping ed feility

mslgen8t sys.m in GIS 4v'omml fo. Mlural 86 ulility conpdnics of Pdtistan-

REVIEW OI LIIERATURf,

l.l

2.1 GlSin Devcloped.dDer.lopingCoulrrls

ThouSr' N ofc4i.folmiics in iliii.s t a field. which is quit in in6ncx nflcnn Ls,sub$dtial rmrilh i popping ut bo$ i. drtelop.d ed ddtloping @utrrs. Howqei drcrid..c. of such studies is not vcry nu€h obvious in fie intemtional lileEtue. Th€r€ is.gen€ral deanh of srch studid hoth at Mtioul oi intenational $ale. Il My ale be posibl€

th,l th€s sludies being onl, ex*ured * polisiondl levcl sd s s@h not appropneF

efleded in r€sech lnelalw. Pul in other words, il w6 highly difficull for the aulhor to tap

the* sudies. Anyvlys, following setions ec proliding sm€ lraces of such studies.

wnholl d, q!al6 develoFd @uures d $e pioGr ofCIS. The ff6r well-lnosn CIS

$'6 th€ Cdadid Cegnphic Inlbfralion Syrten. inla(H for ollction olinfomation o.n wl lww6 of Cadda (1965) (KuFr.d Scholl.2000). As Eponed by Longl€y €l al-

r2005r. a wond b6r of ituoldio. MuRd in rh. larc 1960s in |he Us Buqr or lhe

Cmss. ih plming the tmls n€ed.d io condud th. 1970 Cmru of Popdadon. Civili$ CIS

in lhe tJ.S eot ajmp slart fmn de nililary dd inElligence inugery pmelm oflh€ l96G

(Shamsi, 2005). TIE d€v€lop@nt of GIS i. UK has beo slow{ rbm in em. o$e.

cou ries, .obbly rhe usA (Helwood er sl.,2002) Fotheri.shm (199?) srared that rherc

wre no CIS io Brilsh uiveBities as @endy as 1986 nd nos il would h. surpiising ro lihd

a univeBity wilhoul a GIS 6 pan of ils gcnenl &c.ss conpntine eNioment. The us of(jls h6 pblifented s€ll beyond the confines of acad.mi. ed lney m .ow omonly usd

by golement agenci6. utihy onpa.i€s. pnv.e scbr fims. &d the nili1ary.

Hcy$md er al. (2002) cited Oat cls drr.lopmcnrs duins dk 198ft *!@ @r n€esil'Bricl€d lo th€ pioM blr delelopin& s *ell a d€v€lop€d. o@tries see singapplications lor GIS ad inrern4io.al dd continenirl pojd|s sm emerging. For the

dertlopins nadons a $eady expansion in applicsrions look place. ponicultrly aft.. 1986. vos

(2004) sr.ted rhar rhe adr&rages of cls seN widely aclno$ledge duing rh. Unir.d Naiohs

Confetnce on Envircme.t ad Developm.nt (UNCED) ih I92, rnich explicidy popo$d

the slimulation of modem t*hnology suh a OIS md Remole &nsing in developine

coofti$ !o help olerone enliiomoI.l problens.

Developcd o6tis m $ing CIS *idely in ody al6 hn d.veloping @uuica ae

noving towdds fie developn€n of GIS dslab.s for then e$w6 (Elmgovar 2006). In

'my developing pnj€crs GIS is pGenled as 'rlolulionizing mat naldng ed &ra

tuagement, The ftain a6on for ils impl€hentdion od preniition 4 avolutionary'

tehnolo$/ @ the ch.ng6 th.l OIS @ bring lo dara n€n gder and mp Foddion (Vos

2004). Cbi.a India Beil, Tluilad od Malaysia doig olheB. thouSn 6en ideg6lion

ido tbe qond @kls. bave et lhe tone for collabobtoG rnd difuion oftn€ lebnology

for seater 3pltial plamine od decGion suppon applicdioN (Thalu ed sharn4 2009).

TIDru and Shma {2009) ciFd thll dE installdion of s!.rj.l debion suppon infe$tucnft

including hlllM capild td l*hnical conporcnB Equi6 fundinS $,hich ofi€n host

developing counlries cmnol afloid and hence lend to lag behind in lbeir prcpaEdness for the

altlicalion of GIS in plening and dev€loFnqt d(miB. How.!er. sm devclopine

ouri.s such 6 lndia Chea lhtjsraA Boehd6h. Mal.ysi4 ldoresi. ed B@il nlre

rdag€d ro build appropriarc GIS infornarion sysrcn inFas|tucruG dd t@ls wirh iritillsuppofi thoud eit€mal tunding ed d€velopnent aid prcj€crs.

Yeh ( 1999) cir€d that lhe noll import nl coNrr.int to the & ol ClSs in ddelopiie @eid.s

is de l&l of op.ndonal d.nnhioN ad indislou of s6r,.iuble dcv.lopMt. Alothq is

rhe lact of qulified FBonnd |o dwelop and implmsr sustain.lle der.lopnffit stEt Sy.

As a Fsult, ClSs cmot b. used efedively for ploning and inplem€ntadon of sust.inable

ddelopncnr even il they ae dlailable. Rains (2000) discNed ihal lh. appli€alion of CIS by

dE sall and nedin {r.ari*s 6peially in dcveloping @wuies lite Mrl.ysia is

elarively low de b loB asems on the dis€nc. aid €pobi,iti.s ol OIS md high c6t ot

hardwe. &ft$are dd basic disnal sralial d.t . Klm (2006) olso eponed that GIs prcjecr

i. dosr of the delelopine coundes ae sufeing fom ldious slDnconinss, ihcluding lack

or knowlcdse. hieh co$ of $nsm, lrck of qualifi€d sall ed disii.l databe. Mont lvo

(2002) !r.Fd rhal in indusui.lizd @utrlli6, GIS lrplietios @ av.ilable !r low cosr ro rh€

Mr compNd io rn Lveb of skill and equipftnt thd m available in nmy d*cloping

outri€s. But. Y€h (1999) dsued lhal 6ere h.s b€€n a mhconc.ption dEl hardwrt.

soilwe. dd hum eeu.es @ rhe nsjor @nstninrs ro lhe spe.d of cls technology tbr

uban sd rc8ioml plming in dfleloping countries. Yd lhe gdtest hindde to th€

.frdirc R ol GlSs and rcmle ssiry h the lack ot uFbiale hfomalion. He d$ added

b4ic plMine sy3rcm. shonage of sklled p€ennel. nainterc of GIs, lct of lasllt-d€v€loped enqde. l&t ofdr. $.nd.rdiation I o$er con$nints for cls sulaimbiliry in

Despile lhe rapid gos'th in lhe use ofCISs sin@ tne.nly 190i $eir ue in uiban ddegional plening in lhe de\€loping counaies is sill proS@ins. Nevenhele$. eme have

built noE comprchmive CISS ard usd lh.n noe lhm olhe6. Howele( mo$ CISS NcRaled ro sry€ the fteds of parriculd &ldopmnt pmj.cts tri€d out by govenftnl

depatfu.a od emn iBl'tuh to.xploe |h.ir u*a res for plmins and lmagem.nr.

Exc€pr for ClSs derelop€d for napping purposs, most ofth€m have no lone l.m obj*tive

of integratio. qith oiher CISSordalab6* (Y.h, 1999)

t.3 Ereqgm.e of GIS or AIvtFNtGIS in Uliliti.t

GIS h6 rnerg.d .{ier a crcial ltsteh qort of lh. indiyiduals or hy lhe derclopmnr of

@Imerc'.1 ensc @und rhe world. (ESRI. 2001) meniional tn8t comput.r loph'cststetr b.ge ro be deployed in udlity @nponi$ in rhe 1970s md e&ly 1980s. Tn€ primary

funclion of th.e drly syslem m ro Nord th. lo${on ol g€ogEphicdlly disp.A.d $stsor frcilities. The mm€ of these specialiad computer 8taphic s'fl€ds came to h. k.om as

autonded nappins/facililies naEsen€nl (AM/FM) syslens. Thes AM/!M sysiems Mrrypislly CAD-bed, md tn€n eraphic priniriv.s conrained rhe ma$em$€l exprsion to

cMt ach line and symbol aloq vilh lbcir gogEphic lcarion. AM/FM model.d tbe

eldical or pip€ ncl{ork of lhe utiliriG wll bur could nol bodle @4 or polygotu b<aetheE *6 rypically no supporl fo. sdphjc flriris other thd n.twort eleGntr Edses or

boudei€s w€r€ crcated fom the lin6.

The acNnym AWFM w6 coined bt Henry A. Enery. a nelltnoM uliliies consuhml.lo

descnbe ulilitics' Seographical infomalion sy$em (OlS) (ThorF. 1990). The cveryday lask

of thr udlnt is ro doas€ f@ili1i6 dd mo.nor $en us. Facilnies e ihc colldtion of

$i6- pip€s. loles. t@sfom€6. nete6, rdve dd orbq h&ds@ fo. distribuing a

udlity s p'odKt. -lte mappine ofrhs eG on digital mF r'6 the odgiitl appli.aion ot

ESRI (2003) ale disussed $ar in rhe 1970s and early 1980s, dotner t}?e of computer

gdpbic sy eh has €nerged thar hddled g@er.phic @a a their primary ompon..l These

sy$etu linled gdphic entil16 to non-eralhic i.fomalion sloEd in n.t fil€s or dalabes.

Th€y als Lsed a topolosial dlra model nnos gr.phic prinitires included pointi Gs. and

polygons dd could e.eily hmdl€ more complex spatial Eladonships ofthose f.atues, Tnese

systems *ee calld Ctrogaphic Infoftalion SFiems.

ESRI (2003) poified out rhat in tuly iages uriliri6 *hich h.d inplem.t€d p@ AM/FM

systems fomd thar se of AI\VFM w6 [mned lo bbic facilities nmeemenl md they could

nol 6ily perfom spaial an lysis. Mey urilidca nad actudly inplemenled both sysim.

Shmi snd ASCE (2002) @rifi.d rhal for lfuy yd Foplc have uscd bo$ sysem

sepdl|elt. Dev.loping ad minr.ining l9o diilcmt sysreN ws expensite dd inetrcient.

ESRI {2001) addcd rhar by the 1990s. A[4/FM soitw vendors besm sr.iling !o add Cls

funcdom .omp.ising baic polygon pr@si.g io then stst€hs. coNNly. in thir sam

tihe fraD. GIS $ft*@ vqdo6 bege addine retwork FeinS ed &alysis cdp6bilid6.

ThG overlap ol tuncriomliry led to tne bluine of the diferenes belren AM/FM md GIS,

Shmsi {d ASCE (2002) di$inguished Cohpur Aided D.sign md Danins (CADD)-

baed Compurd Aid.d Mapping (CAIO, A odared Mapping md Frciliies Mesg€ndt

(AM/FM). od CIS as sive. in Table 2.1. which evidence that CIS nas no!. funclioml

powr lhd caM & AM/FM.

Htu ed Culp.pp{ (199*) slat{ tha( AM/rM is a qte of CIS widely u.d bt uilnid

eompmies ed agencies fo. opcdtio. dd ndinreMce of their infmslructure. Shmi ddASCE (2002) mentioned thal latesr adlaas in codputer hrdse and effwG inlegded

AM/FM md CIS sysLms @lltd AlvrFN4/CIS sysl€ms.

CIS in lhe udhy sedor, dd is rfered to as AM/FM. for automatd mppi.g/facilides

hdleemdt (Hsrder and ESRI. 199).

Tablc 2. | : CAM. AWFM GIS

AM/FM Gts

SDarial Rlaionshjp (lopolosy)

No

Some: (Sblmi.nd ASCE. 2002)

The AlvtIM/ClS system povids a flavorabl. tool for pl&ing facilily €l€nenls on s digilal

.€p dd sinulr.n@6ly building e ss@iacd dlt'be dar includes snphic itformtion

dd non.gFphic atnibure darA As in cls, Ed .ntitica @ rcpre*nl€d wilh craphic ed non-

enphic @mpornl5 in s AM/FI,VGIS Stsr.m. Any ch{lge tud€ lo ehphic nl6 will

lulo@ric.lly up&F 6e Flar€d dala in thc dd$.* .rd y nodifi.alon n'!d. in th.

darabae will bG slorodcally Eflcr.d in sssi.t d nsps (Shatidehpou and Wog. 2001).

Htua ed CulFpp.r (198) siated thal uriliti.s conpdiF @ CIS exlensilelr. Wh.th€r its

application is ued for elenicity, tlephon€. w.ter, *wr, stom dmis. or tutudl ga, CIS

plaF a vital ole i. their dhribution dd delircry srsr€m Imosenent! a vell as in

Ha@ ed CulFpF (1998) cited dEr the dly e6 of CIS, espeially c ir rcl.les 10

&tomred mpping ed fcililid lwge@ (AWFM). w utiliuF compani6. Maguirc

(2008) v.dficd dh by sratins thlt udlitis (el€.tric. s6. pipcliB. t l@ ,rdMler/qsr.wat r) we amng 6e fi^1 ue6 of OlS. Today ArcGIS is involv.d in M' of

$e coe rciiviti.s of ulilili€s imludins: asd iofomalion. busiress for udlities, neBork

desicn. emcigcncy managemen! elslriciry gcnchiion &d lrmsnision. ldd naag.menr

oubge mM.gem.n! pipeline ndagemenl, ed wo.t lb@ produclivily.

2,1 CIS lbDlcnell.tiob itr G.. Utiliaie

Nau6l gas udhics $e .mng O. qrlien @mpsnics to N sFtial infomlion lehmlogy

for tunasing then b6iNs. Hads ed EsRl (199) Eponed dar a a rcsult. dEy n ve

found lhat deir aging nainf@.-bed lee@y sysrcm no longer FN€ thei. n..ds. Fathd

tho b€dasing rhes older sysi.ms. tuy utiliii.s e $sning fDm M1ch. which allosrh€n not o y !o mod.mia d.ir OIS 3ysrer$. bu als b integile |hqr spati.l dahbds

wirh rhen core b$inss d.tsbei Chntray (2009) de$rib.d thal in ou cure .lay

ihfofration div€n sdiely, a Georxaphi lnlbmalio! Syst€i (CIS) is playing a pilolal mle

for ! lid6 with lpplielioN lor plming d6iening; d.cision-i.tins; ftrwo* malysis and

nonnodne of dviomental degradltior ue offib t€chtuloly in sd disrribrion lnihi€s

hls expanded tGmendously in tbe lest d€qde. GIS applicadons {€re buih lo nodel

gospatial infomlion .nd p@sF 1b.t $pport sd distdbrtion dility n€two* ddoledio6 in lhc Gal m d.

Mcy4 er al. (1998).xp6sd that @tutructing d AN'FI'ICIS ed id€Cratiog il witlin th.

infoftation systeN of a dilny hs ! numh.r ofon @nEibuto6. CGI of implemoGlion

tut v.ry depeding on dE om of fa6 tur rh€ AiVFI'CIS, lh. tiz. ed $oF of dre d.la

lo be captued. &d $e n@b€r of us.6 to be suppon€d, The cuMt siat€ of leSacy sy$em

&d altodion mry .l$ otrer lhc cosl. Among fie 6!al osts desrib€d in dclclopmot or

r) Dat lutoMtiodconveBion

!) tla lwe &d eft*N sysln acquisirion

r) Appli€rioad.velopm.nt

4) Prcj.cr mea8.m€nl

C6r ofthe CIS ele d€pendr o! lhe spalial esluion of th€ data, Moorgomery and S.h(h

(1991) illGtnled rhat the GIs d.r5 ne.ls ofea utility conpari$ claled to $e location ddmiiten@ of gG lraEmi$ion 4d disEibudon f&ililis. Cs utihi€s eEft':lly cquie .lala

wirh ni8! positio@l aNWy, Gd ui|nies cquiE .leldl.d infolmrion abour their

tnnsmision ed di$nbution frcilides. mo$ of whicb d b..eatb the gto$d Lmd

posnional ecuracy rquienenis de sudly ir the rege of +/-2 feel lo +/-10 fel. I.

addnion. e!, e ecilb.y dimsiotu @ al$ nassry to t6aL v.lv6 dd filinss on

naps. srrins€nr &cuay requiFndnrs @ oed.d b@ue $6e lims ft Esponsible for

.r@8irg a le$al@nmdtt whicb could bd !e.y ddgeous if nor d.ali with lped md

acctmy. (j6 dihi€s o'lrmnly u*d ldse scdlc mp6 for di$ibution sysren pip.tine

ndwork in urbsn @d whedas small scale iaDs for rudl oes md ttuemission line outes.

Tminine b d e$dtidl pan for su.sfin impleFenration ofCIS which my i.cd4 the

cosl ofth€ pojer in shon iine bur it payback in the longrcm *irh rh€ itoprcved efllciency

Chu*at i2009) poided oul dat CIS usse in AntFM ha definirely Golve poblemc ofthep.FFb6*d op.idio.s in fie Fsl but ofouF de ba ils om ch,llcne.s. Ttusfomins,

conlerting sd sbsiraciing lne mgineiing data into de CIS proles to bc mlch noR diltcultlbe mlicipai.d in d €nviolrenr dsr dmdi tlEl infiaslructE b. coni@tly updaled. In

@.nl y6lh. suc6 Fte hd inprcv.d and o.eeianioB e $c€sauuy maeins their

asek sith these syslens, Nonelhclcs. the 'conv6ion' $ep enaitu dpensile, not

alTodabl€ lo .!eryo... frlushl wirh @r dd md inpon&ftt,, urouraimble in ndyinslanes in coutid cxFrimine th€s ecnnobeid in 6m1 yeds, Homver indsrry

lsde6 UMinouly dgEe rhar AM/FN'CIS t snwork will continuously olerome de*hurdld ad b@ne o imporrql @opon6t of rhe *idl &d @@mic de\clopner in

$ci.ri€s dound rhe elobc.

Ede Comry Wd€r Aurhodiy d al. (1996) h,v. dcsrihed €l€v.n major cts developmenl

3tas€s (wilh svml o$cr 3ub{!ept staning lom the nMser's ov€ryi€w md.hding vitbon.going ue &d Mintemce of rhe CIS sysh. folbwing * rh6e sr.g.s:

2) D.bb(c co.snlction

4) Pilol studies &d benchmk tesls.

5) Conc.piu,l d.sign of rh€ cls.6) Acquisilion of CIS hardwR & efrwae,

7) SuRey ofalail.ble srdddd d.ra

8) CIS systen i.tegdion.

9) CIS apli@ion developmenl

l0) Datab* pldning &d dsig..

I l)GtS G &d n@me.mce.

Meye^ i2005) disused The 3D Me$odolo$/. i?. design. develop md d€ploy for

s@c.ssiul inplemehtatio. of a spadal feililid meaSehe.t systen on tine dd wilhin

budset bded on ArcClS and A(l.M siwft plat,bm.

Dsstsr: defining lbe concept, pld, Md requiremenN

Drvelap: sning up lhe Cdo-Dfiab$q .xGnded applidion lirnclions

D,p/,),: €srablthinS rhe enviom€nl dd .quipping $e uss

H€ expE$ed rhal The lD Methodology us noi bom. lt ws dcveloped lion th€ long hldsh@l of rrial md emr. Ea.h of the Ds in th. Melhodolosy is a pNcess. od 4h FmsconoiB sr€61 suFpress. ll lsks omplicatd. blt in fad n is $@dtfosard md

rlEF is onlt one or i$o sleps lhal w higbr rbing .E nol inbitive. or rhd sm oul of

1)

)3)

FigrE 2.l: _Th. 3D Merhodolqt" fn Implmdrlrid ola Sp.ti.l Feihi6 MmeEtlHt S'tu

)

M6y oflne above motioned sludi6 hav. signiticsrly @nrribuled b rhe lufior lo ere.r GIS

nodel ofC6 uriliti6 in Patish.

GIS i.Eeratior in AWFM mh&ces thc ov€Ell dar.bae drity tlEreby incEAihS lhe ability

lo l6ale thrde.ed ase$, neage ey porential damgc to rhem, and adopt rcm€.lial step for

fie we, Any faull in ay infqslructuE linli wh.ft.r natuml or monmade, musl be quicldy

Eviryed lo 6sue public sfery Md slve public inconvenience. Howevr. wilh the aid of

CIS addEsins public gievdces ha be@n duch moe orgeiad, In the opeiatioh md

plmins ph$s ofey aset delelopment rod.y a n.w paddigD ha bed di$oveEd by the

rc adoFio. of.larabss. CIS enables .ulhodri.s concm.d io inlegrate buil6 dala into

the systen ed goerale ephistic{.d Gpons $ai cs b. uied for oFmtio6 {rd plmilg

Cs uliliri6 e 6ins GIS l€.hmlo8y s a r@l aor ndrqt @lysis. piF epoir/Epla(t@n(

ddsion $!por! sfery (lal swey). erd Egulllort rponing (M@tgorcry and Schucll

r93).

Kirchrq (2005) norioned ln,t CIS ha b.corc e indisp.nsable t@l of daily work in ead'lity comp{is. Mosl of them bav€ u*d CIS ro docft th.n pip€line netwo*. D6itethet cosl, non GIS have tlone ltul€ nor $m dplace plFFd6m orps. uilitng the dala

sloEd ir a CIS for plmins purp6es in pip€ maint.ndce cs Gap large cost srines and

helps th€ conpdy to male @mplex dccbions.

Mehan (2007) hieltliched sne new CIS functionalities in ga uility like ast and Iaciliry

lmasenot, lined measuenenr sysiem modeling of tmsni$ioh pip€lin€. spalial dal!

mlysin ndaging nsk nitigatio! &d cmediation. vhualialiof, of the SCADA i.fonalion

in gogEphic viw, piFlin€ i.sp€clion, piFline ondilion e$nerl. one call ststdnanaeem€nr Gall befoe you dig), @thodic pbt crion ne$ cslond ear dentrds

D{smond and M*hd (2008) oenrioned thal C6 conpsies B cIS s lhe bais for lheir

l€lt tualpnol ltslem. Utiliri6 with g3 |idsmision e oulinely 6ing cls for

integiiry llrmgebml. Mmy urilnis nos s tlE vale of inlegFliotr of GIS sith dEir elnoag€lmt sts6. B.in8 ablc lo spld.lly pofile risk Elon8 s pileline. a ed roii, a

tdNmision line or distibution ciEun giv€s udlitl nMge6 the ability to se in d iNta.r

which would have taken hou6 of oalysis flom nbuld infomio. CIS ei!€s aset

hanagqs $e abilitt to se spaliol elationships of onc clsss of s*t to dotber. For ex@Ple.

sscl meages cm 6k th€ sldli5l question. Show me lh€ inpdt or a ruplE oI a gas

ttumision linc on electrical rNission in th€ da,'

Mcy.c er al. (1998) ontlined $ft of th. key hSible .id inhsible be..fi6 ol

inpl€hcntins CIS *ilhin or8eialion a:

Chdd .t al- (2009) dsnbed the N of @b bsd OIS lo suppon new pipeliE coNlructon

and mar.drl p@mnent. I rEj. mendoned that lhe gsgEphic .aue of MaginB n.t.dals

.lelivery ud consttucrion dlivitid for piFlires dd feiliti$ povid6 a uique opponu.ny

ro us Gls cchholo8y to Fduc€ pojer lisks &d imPmve ovdll pmj€cr Prcductivitv

Matcrials and construdio. conprise 80-90% oftoEl itulalladon cosls,.nd s s@h, delals in

rhe choin ol matrial delivery ed co.slrucrion uctivily become the pridary souce of cosl

ud $hedule sensitirities, CIS b$d solulion mgndg* lll nalerial ed construclioo activny

f.oh p@j*t inceflion dmuch @mhsio! ud h4d{1T to op€Brio.s includins quicl

rcelurion of prcjdr issues md monasem.d of daily nardial delivery &d shslruclion

Hrll (2005 ) disus*d _AutoMrcd Routirg @d Sch€duling' aor neter r6d4. lr is noLd lhdl

oct r clder murins is ofto m ovedmk€d aEa for opinianion Mct @npmi.s i.r.sl

lsge ,un! i. field equipmenl but nks out on subslo illsvings due b b€n€t oute planning

Sone mobile d€vice tuufachEs oiler o.ly simpl. rout Plming suppon, bur realistic

nodeling requics e accmle mubble $red dai6 et &d CIS-bded dGtricring a.d roue

seqrcncing mechdhns. Hdder ed ESRI (1999) in contexl of South@ Califonia C6

Compmy (Los Anselen Califomia) dncus$d lhe u. of advflced i.fomriod technologv

includins hddheld compui€s ed GIs lot &uting of fi€ld sesice t€chnicid noE

r ) Incrasd pioductivny thoug! educcd lator in map pepanlion ed uF<lale.

2) IncEas.d prcduclivity lhrough @s o infom.tion for edys if,rolving pletsuch a .ct$oik studi€s.

) hpoved engineering and opemtioft emcidcy in nainreMce dd sy$eh upsrades,

csnh'ng in educed plel invsrmcnl.

a) D.cMsad dep€ndoce on expsile cdtr.liad minfme conp ing €nlnomenrs.

t Avoided cosls i. EplacihS or inproving exislins papq Rords $at hay have

dd€noat.d oler time. or in con$lidaring Gords thal h.ve nevr b..n @.sjsr€nl.

O $nguplo (2006) added rhat CIS inc@d @op€dion du€ ro shaad dala

envionneir wbich rduces pote.rial duplicatio. dd ens@s coNisr€.cy ofinlotmrion ba* acos depanlMts.

l) Iopoled cBroher elisfa.rioi $rough bener espose lo *Nice calts dd rcgEsts

2) Imprcved distriburion dsinerine p@des Blldng in carabitiiy ro Frfom Doe ordilliE.t imcrions tnbugl auomtio. $ilhout incr€$jng slan

, Incededjobetisfadio.mongemploycBesutdngfont chiotosjcat.ficioci€s.4) Bd|er noE consiste.l efeg p@ljs; suppon for dig-sfe .cd!ni6. sh&ine of data

wirh other utihi€s, od crew sately.

5) Impored resporoe ro regularory ed olhfi outside agencies ,cquenins are, Eliabilir,or ofier operarina infomarion.

6) Bett€r d€cision suppon $dolsh 8ldphicat dnptay of dara lb! ourage dispatch, lealsuFet, and o$.r cusromeFela!€d infoturio..

?) hpoled nwlcrins emcieftiB rhough Elating rpaiat fscilirid ard culomerlocllions wnh detoographic ddra

2.6 ht snr.d GIS Sylr.m

Mecno (2007) statcd tl€l since pipeline aciddrs imp4r mdy p€opte. gor€dmedeeulaloE hatc lcusd h€vily on hien p'sue es tasmision intesriq

'Magemcnt.How€rer, 8overnnenrs m Gquiring ga dhrribution sFten operalos to Frfom inregritymuaeen€ for rheir systeG 6 wetl.

Ch lly {2009) rcted th.r Mg€ of a CIS lor plMing dd oFational purFss is inc@ing

by tn€ day in Bs induslry. Sllld{ds ard sDrcificatioN 4 conhnuing ro evolve 10 achieve

smolh i @FEbilily beNcn vdioB CIS dd 6n-CIS .pplhations ft.<lcd by rh. s6ltihies. Th€ grcwing ned for a comon sorlflo* &o$ vdios depa.tne s h6 led 10

im.gBtion of GIS 3yst<in with iFho$ d€dicst d sy$em. CIS should irEsnt. sith

opeBlioml suppon sd swicc'delivery applicado.s" enabling the* systcms b c@reEle

sdlsly in Mgitrg d@ing dsigr! @Liredon, oF6rioN. mjnreMc€, inkSity,

nsk ed en rgency Gspons fuctio.s of gs dislribution $d pipelide network. CIS al

dlcrprie lcrcl G cquiEd to pmvid. g@spsftl d!t! tuos lh. at rpriP wi$ nnl

idegralion at all Lvels oi sysr.ms dd applicsdons wih full dcces to view and updde dola

for s g6 dist ib{do. sysld. Blse<t on dE qFricnes of @ly !dopt6s. a cld lEnd is

being sen i. rhe fom of rhe 8s uliliti$ pefedng d int.gBted CIS fion a 3ind€ !€ndor.

Following CIS d.ro nodek e availdble in thc Mtd for ea udlity rmsnision dd

r)

2)

3)

ArcCIS Pipeline D.t8 Model (APDM)

ArGIS Ga Dbrdbuion Unny Dara Mod.l

Pip€line OFn Debe Sbndrtd (PODS)

ESRI (2004) infomed thal ArcclS Pipelire Dat. Moddl (APDM) is designed for sbrine

infomalion Frtainin! ro f@tuEs foud in gafi.ring dd tr.cmision pip.lins, panicul{ly

g6 ed liquid syslens, The APDM qa exprc$ly desiSled for imtlemedltion s e ESRI

g€o<llldc* fo. E wirh ESR! s A$OIS &d AESDE pFdrcrs. Ihe APDM wB d.veloFd

by membea of th€ ESRI Pipelin€ lnreBt Coup sr€ering od €chnicsl conhntes, undd lhe

AtCIS Ca Disibudon Uijlir, Dara Model is o !da$abl. sd obusr elulion for nrnaejng

rhe large voluhe ofdata .sssary for utiliry conpanies to successfully dislribute MruBl gas

lo . wide dse of cutom6. Ih. objcs nodel &d exENible |@ls in ArcCIS G6 help to

accubtely Epesdt llility facilitid. stNct@s. ddies, ed pipes. The ceotion of A'€CIS

Ca Distibution Utility Mod€l h6 b..n a @ll.bo6riv. eflort of sdl Miner & MiMemployees (ESRI dd M&M. 2002).

PoDs Asiarioi (2009) nenioded firr, PiFline OFn Datab* srsrlard (PODS) is an

indeFnden &lab* hod.ling inili.tivc ltpliclbl€ ro s6 &d liquid gath€ri.& rrdsmi$ion

ad di$ribution pip.line ststens. h epesenls e initialive to dflelop a compldely op.n d.ra

simturc tnat .ncomplsses lhe equirenmB of pipclin. conpdiG i. geneal. The objective

of PODS is to prcvide a comon platfom that eill eoable pipeline compMies !o cEate

a $lrdards-bed CIS dalabe. lt ha allored mdy iojor oil fld g6 pip€line ope€ros ro

quickly mi8Fl. frcm paps md lesay &bba$s into a sra.da.dsbored d!r! model $.1 h6 a

sttung oryeia on bebind n.

Unlik€ APDM &d AaCIS G$ Disriburion Udliry Dala Mod€I, PODS is nor eft{e/plarfom speifi€ .nd se6 n[n design a pr@css ro 'Gls'de IODS rabl6.

2.7 CrF Sludl.. otCn Urilitiet

Brief extt&iion ofcls inplemenlarion in lew gd ulililies nsy be found b€los:

2.7.1 Cs Tdnroisior

2.?.1.1 Eler8i lrfotu.riotr AdDilirtntion Cosnptic Intod.rio. Sylt m fotNrturrl Cr! {EIAGI$NC}

EIA ( 1997) eponed thar EIAGIS-NC is 5 PC based Smgraphic i.fomarion syst.n ceneed

on tbe tbcuses on th. narural ea pipeline sysrems lcaled in d€ United St ics md C&ada Ilq6 developcd |o be u*d 6 o dEl)licrl ed facking l@l to expqd the E dsy Inaornwion

Adrninnhton s aobilit, to mnjror a opidly chdgjng indNFy. ln addnion lo i|5 mppins

@pabilites. EIAGIS-NC is e infonntion syslem $al pmrids a le ni.ndly inedlce

d*igned *ith nonpmgtmmeE in mind. h consisrs of a tunl md dara ed mp *teclionp@ss, which in tum calls in a curon-builr CIS mapping pmc€s (developed using rhe

Maplnlb lnc, pogrmming leguee ed the Maplnfo OIS platfom). When rhe hdppinS

sssion is complete, lh€ user hs the oprio. of producing bardcopy naps, hadcopy rabutar

epons bd5ed on data pssed nom $e napping ssion. or Etming io lhe 6ain mcnu to atler

rhe elstio. p&ah.r.6 for morher @ppins s6sion.

Thc EIAGI$NG ryn.F @nt iB . .wbd of $ppoiins d!rbar.., fivc of qhich hrve

piFlid speific <ld!. Tn. syscF.l$ imlud6 @ mlps litc U.S./CoDtdis ciLs &d U.S.

nilitsy disticl! ropoglthic.l mF. nap3 d.?icting lhc sie cdirorid for lc.l n tunl

ga dblriburior comprni.3' !d d.t ba6 th,l rr rct clatcd sF.ifr.Uy to dturl 8'3 li*c

Murl eletic po*r gen€nrion s|]!drtc, uual oil G.@s ed Fod@rioi 3rdinics .rc.

lr al$ previ& ddFb fwdo.rliriBlit (r) which piFli6 inc|lo|trer wirh eh o$.rin a chos .6.Dd ro dimr. ho* nwh ss c$ be mvcd @d rh* liG duing t &y(2) How nwh dlily flow euld bc losr a r 6ull of 3 pipeue blsl or rl* o!t$e or .pmicde @npc$r sllrion rd how nsy cusrotuB nidn bc affc.tcd by s$h

@ut!ffi (3) h.l$ my b. u.d to ccle poblicltion qulity tn.nlic mp illwfiltioBquickly of3Eh thins! c $!l'by-$!t le.ls of 6ffrt ga Flducdoll! coEhp.im.

2.t 1.2 PrDll. S.nL. CoLrrnt oa N.iv M.tlo

M..lsn (2007. p. I 13) cit d thlr N.w M.xi@ s l.4ca suppli( of n tuEl gas $piG.hrblic sdie con!.ny ofNd M.xi@ (PNM),u$ il! AFOIS elutiq ro entr.lia,stFrDliE, .rd imtle .ffici.ncy in nbrging ic 8$ oamision .*t3. imluding 1700

PNM'3 Oa TtllMision Appliqrid Mrusmcnt Infomlrioi systd (STAMIS) Gpb.cd

a Ecm f.idy tt?iql of rhc idunry. Old n4s of feility laati@ .nd c65tuli@d6win!5 Emircd in veioB eletonic fomlr onlim, and ir p.Fr lile Mor of dF

lqds for dE tuint i,d .nd iisF.lion of s,l !!'Mision faililiB wE p.Fr b.!.d.

GIS d!r! *.$ i.!ft.r!d &d in wioB syscn dd pojetioB. h B dirlcsll .nd liFcoisMiig to @mbirc drrt for ltsl.m-*idc .ndysis md qeryi!&

Th. STAMIS .ppliedd 6 dcvclop.d NU,rd rhc cmpmy'3 go.l of hvirg occenElized dlosirort for d,r. fi.1 .llos nulti[*r !..e, DdigrFd by POWER Engicrs.gTAMIS lrlF .onsolid . .pplicdions b . srrndlrd phtfonn/iool &d incgnca OIS

sFbilnis wirh odEr 3t5tm. [ .llos 6y 4.* to infofr.riol impovd Fldudivny,sd spFft c@nl .nd *cul. infotmatlon. h linits edutubrct enhin th. utilityt

iirdal pc.s rlmugh rlE qudianio of &l. $u6 rhar.n ..ccssibl. onlift. Cls

prcvidcs PNM ri$ plminS od affltlical capabilities rhrouel vis@l mpping of gas

fidsisbn srslen focilni.s and rhen el4rd aftibul€ dd operaring linits.

PMN ues ils CIS for planing. schedding ad veifyins Fguld mi.tcnanc€ ad insp€ction

of eas tmsnhsio. fdilities. In addilion, the sy$en povides acces. outin& rishl-of-wat.

dd naps b Nisrs field cews chsling l&iliri.s. The GIS appli@tion Ns a nultiuerg€odllabe rnd .pplicaion ftal allos que.ici vi.wilg. modiryin& ed addirg dali

Misred liln the talMi$ion systed.

CIS enables gTAMIS lo cEat€ spatial ielationships md f€tu€ ribut€s lhat cm be queri€d

ad displayed for ealtsis. Us6 eld speiffc f&iliti6 or dala obj.cls lo vies ssirrcdda|a by qusying anibut€s sd hisbric.l isF.rion rd nainleMe dara. Int€dlins wilb at

leal lou PNM systems snd vdio6 other digit.l d6wnts, gTAMIS is th€ inlerface lor

uin8.xistins iaps. dat ba*s. appli€tioN, inag6. CAD dmwings. and mllddedia fil€s ro

display ed &alyze e.s lmsmhsio. dat!.

2.?.lJ Duk E..rg, Fi.ld S.diG (DEtri'

This ca* study de*nb€s rh. ue of GPS to validare gd piFlin infomaion along th

positional accuac! of lhc pipeline fe€tures. Stced€-T€!ry e000. pp. 34-40) me ioned that

nosl slales in US now hav. las lhal equirc .xcavatoE sd buildeu ro c€ll belore you

di& Tn.* oFcall" Fdices help builds l@le dl und€rsound lsililiB. 'rcludingpipelins, and onsatrcmly. ro knov whft ed wheE nol ro dis.

Dul. Energr Field Seryices (DEFS) is a najor natuial e6 garhering compd, wiih ovcr

5000 miles ofpip€line in the centEl Uniled S6r.s. over fou-nnhs ofrhe pipelin€ now in

oFdlion n s b€en acquicd frcm oth6 conpsi.r. Mfly tim6 dunng ths lalsveE @d

cheg.s of hdd- infomation is ld or inadvencnd' deshted. Map3 dd atrribure dora

collccred from othe! compdies my be old md our oldare. or have e many diffeenl scales

of rcicence thlt ir becones inpossible to llguG rhe aciul l@alion ol s liriliry. In iosrc6es, DEFS cdol lrusl $e dala ed cmol use ii fo. one-call conpli&c., DEFS E*dched

evenl optioN includins lh. posibility of go.coding s6ey no|es $d disiinns alignme

dRls bur Dfotuarely, to* dcmflts *!E Me or mising cririol ponions of rh€

pip€linB. The onll other vay to gct l@arion acclracy for DEFS q6 ro l€ole ad esw.!

$e pipeline. which $6 too cost-pdhibnive, Using CPS ro mdp $e pipdli.e sas th. nost

cosi+lldile opdoo lor DEFS.

The qu€slion troe s lo how conpl€t€ colerage n*ded to be, Collecring all lhe ldations for

erery facilily alone every mile of pipc would bt tinc oBunins and probibiiivelt expensive.

DEFS qo.d.Ed if irs m.p6 @uld b€ &cuar.ly ed efely up&red by v.rirying onty $tetedley locations. sucn as vdlves, iderconh4b. and bad co$inss. DEFS lbund lhat by usios

let l@ations alons the piFline 6 dsislrotion poinls. md .xisling digirdl nBp could be

|Mipdalc jnlo a rccumte emugl nEp lo be u*d lor complidce ard orlEr purposs

DEFS tri€d everal $!ys CPS suNey bnt Tdnble CPS collrcros with lM mge linders

*cF slet€d a quick and .onvenient way to conpleE rhe r.sk. Tnnbb s Pathfnder omce

soltwm w$ uFd 10 voli.lat€. posr process. md edn rhe CPS poifi-e, dd rhen lo conven $edlI! to ESRI dEF filc fo@! The shape ffle fomat allowed ach hdivid@l point Nord bbe Niar.d wi|h additional anribu. dara Eloted lo thal poinl (scn s rh. condirion of pipe

r'oud 6ere). The lituliz€d snape lil$ wer€ $eh stoEd i. an ESRI Spaial Dalabise Engine

(SDE) dallbe md Gesd silh Amvies cls,

2,?.,2,1 No York Eo.re E.rr CorFhtion (NYSEG)

Nag dd S.ngupb (2007. pp. 224-225) cited rhar New Yort Enere/ E4| Co.podliotr

(NYSEC) is a Fnolly omed subsidiary of Enersy Esr CorpoElion and povidB d€rsydelivery sd ielated sfri.es lo 8l I ,000 eletric did 250,000 g6 custoneu ro noE lhan ohe

third of N.e Yort SGt . Il op.Eles. gs stong. fscilirr- od 7o0o mil6 ofs6 pipetine bserye

'rs 96 custom.u in 210 cities. rom dd tillss€s. ca distribndon maps dd aeilni€s

6ods ae rn€ bais of lhe GBU s dset de!ftentation dd €ngineering co.strucrion,

opeElioN od mi.teena aclivni$. The aulomdon of ihis infomalion dxt mtinE itavaikbb tnoughout fi€ orgaiation is see. 6 t t lo €d4(ve conmunicalion md ro

aulonolrng an.j inpeving *itical engineenng md opemriohs workflo{s.

C6lruchi5e €xpasion pojects b.gidinB in l9E7 povided posnnr change in gs mppinsmd @ords nehodology but glsingly indentified i,etnciencies od our of.late exisring

maps od rsords. Tbe posiriv€ chsges were rh. impetus .ed.d lo eslablish the need forchdge bed on prolen prcdrctivily inc@s bed on advdced r*bnologiB. A najorGqliEne s6 d eflicien! expedi€nl nethodoloS, ior bN nap pEpmlon suppo ng

f6t pa. co.slrucrion md doclmnlaiion fo. Unat 6 blih mps dd r@rds Aiier sev€rEl

sucessful qp€nsion pojel: a pld bd*d on elid Gr dd $hedute pnjerions Eptparcd. p@ted md apprev€d ir lale t992 with mr dE l6j0 &rility ilem iddtiliedin th. poje.l. The AM/FM/GIS poj€cr @6isr.d orwenl sinary soars:

l) Tne dd€lopnenl of @ppin8 sraidrds

2) The d€velopm€nr ofa d€lailed l&d be fo! Sdgraphic EfeFocing tud conl,ot ot gas

3) Tbe developftnl of mios elard inlormarion irem ebuilt ed woik ord6.

4) Th. auronation oI *nice etar.d infom on fm exislina mualy mainlaincd

5) Ttle lin*q. of @ins ad wices narcrk wirh Miared pbtli€l ad opehdoelinldmrion (anribmion).

6) Tle @onciliatio. ofcNloner, slrcet addr€sing ed pemise l@rion.

7) Tbe poducrioh ed el€clronic disribulion ot mps bots to the teld.

8) Condnul incEment iftprev€henr oflh€ rircilily dala od acc€s.

9) Ueoioff$eshelaeftu@

By.dbEcing chanse $mneh tethnolo$/ $e mnp6t ws abte lo pmvide hen€r cslomc.$r,ce Gpond quicker *nib mldns wo* 6ier.

!.?.1.2 cujrntce conplny Ltd. (GCCL)

Meehan (2007, p. 120) cned thar cujdar C.s Conpdy Lrd. (ccCL) is lhe t&Besr privat

sclor g6 dhtriburio. codpdy in India, CCCL s pitelines spr€ad ovd noE thd t.8OO kn

(ll18 friles). GCCL n implereoting CIS i. ns engin€eing, op.mrions. plMing. md orher

timctions that r€quiE $e exui@tion. @agem.nr, dd dh*ninaion of ssSnpnic dala

lhmnghout the conpdy. Tbe bdh objective is ro crcare . conpler cts,bsd ssthmaeenenl sysren that fulfiUs $c objftivq. CGCL wo ed with NITTCIS Lld. (ESRI

India) lo implenen a Cls-blsed assct ndagefrenr solulion stslem for irs mtudl gas

dislributoh sy$ed. The prcjst inlolves nanrSing migration ol leg&y dala to the Oract€

dalabse wilh A&SDE coupled wit Miner& Min€fsArcFM sltsare apptications. UsinS a

pbve. inre8nrion approach, lhe tem is dcleloping rhe key inrrfsces to leSacy sy$eds suh

d GCCL\ cuslons d.tabae. To do lhis,lhc gas compoy is conpledns a niemtion plo$at includes lhe following srepsl

l) Codplete s EquiEnehi aDlysis

2) Ceareaenwd€ r€quicne specification lisr

l) Pertdm &ra modeline dd dBiening

4) D€relop lhe d.bbde

s) Cusloni- tools dd exisios6) Exeuie @nligudlion ud d.plottuni

2A GIs-B.!.d Mtunl Gr Suppt D.utrd Atrdylll

AdlDr ha exFrim€d smity of liteduEs on CIS tEsed natural sd supply d€nmd

mlysis Unfonmrely. mt a singl. prcviou CIS mod.l sFcitc b mtn6t 96 d€nfldealysis is availsble in int mltional lirslturc. Rm&hmdF el at. (2005) stated thar nosl

enereJ plming qer€iss de cadied our with aggregde dala al rh€ mtioml lelel. At

Egio.al level naoely village. block or disllicr. lhee has b€en aewer efons for energy

Nlludl sas r€eurces e offitical impoltance ro our Giely becaup ir is eong one of the

najor rosil fuelwhich sustdn ou livelihood did rhe synch on wnich we deF.d. There isagoqing world*ide @tural e$ crisis. shi.h is likely ro flnber €xpmd s a iesuh ofpopnlarion grc*1h, land-use chdges. urbaniation lnd nigrqtio. frcn rurat to ubm ded.global clinat chmg€s. poliical will sd pejudic€, All of these f&tos emphai^ th€ .eed

for $te delelopneni .nd n&agenenl of o!. nar!61 g6 esuMs. Wedmeyer (1979)

sided lhal in nn! EsFcis. oil is lhc closst substitut for nalwl e6. (excepline liqEfied

nao.al ear). The relaiotuhips h€tsen rhe b_o tucls e @mplicdtd by ihe id tb.t s6 is

frq@dy ptod*ed in 6$iarion $ilh oil. Con*qE b- cheees in oil pric6 nor only

a|I4r rhe demdd for gs. drc lo snbdiluion etf6G. bu| rhe supplt of gc a $ell. dE lo lhe

joinr-pnrlucdon efers. BESR er al. (2001) Mncd rhar .atu6l ea Eprcsns a grcsin8

proporlion of te global fosil d€Icy hix, rccuat€ly prcj€ding nsl@l 8s supply and

Nalu€l ga ue wi.s fron plee to plee. dcpcnding on climr€. temih (rclief), popularion

chmcldistics &d indsrialiariotr elc. UF of mlural gas q be divid.d inlo vsio6€legorio such a don6tic. colmcrcial, i.dlsdrl. nmponarion (CNC), po*!r g.neBtins

sbtons erc. Ratuch.ndra €r al. (2005) cponed thal the levels dd loms of fkl consuned

br the noNhold s*tor depmd on incoms lev.k, siz oi enl€nenls, bou$holds .nd city,

price of tuels, lhe availsbihy dd acessibilily of nodem omerdal fueh. and $eefriciency of lhc .nd-!se equipne usd. Diffcrcnces in €nerg:/-Ds lie both ih lcrms of pet

€pila €nergJ' consunpdon ad in €hoice of fu.l 1o neel de .nerey d.nmds, h h6 heen

obsry€d dut with high* lev€ls of<tevelopmcni in lhc @nomy &d risins per apiri incone.

ho@holds rcnd b mve ro*.rdr tuels rhar d.lear. moE €mci€n! conreni.nt. ed moE

Rmchand6.t al. (200t tudher slsled thar d.mmd d.lysb embles a diegg€gated. end

ue approeb to omllze lhe e.erCJ €qunenents. Il u*s.cononic, d€nogEphic tud enersy

ue inlbmalion lo conput€ sd Eport on to(al dd dieggegared consunprion of udou ehd

ue iuels, lt plays a sequential. int€mediale, dd ikrarile Nle in enrCJ pldnirS. Jonren

(2008) sr.red $at CIS oalts's caFbilities pdvidc wlys for nod€ling &d stn1n6inng

infodarion that @nlribute ro supponire d*isions for Fsue nda$nent eos a wide

6nge of $al$. a@m l@l to slobal. A CIS ale prevides a mm for risualizinB E$mecha@r6istics. $.reby ennmdns und€Rmndins in suppon of deision making. Dousbs

(2008) stated thal Sesraphic (or g€Npatial /spatial) infomtioi syslefrs de lypically

focused on sbring data which ha Ceogr.phic locdlion, und€ilUns a.dlysn of rh.t dara,

integrldng lhll dala with oder data ttpes sd tftsndns thst da|. for d(ision suppon

uurllt i. ihe tbm ofmap.

MasuiE et al. (200E) highliented $e.osr avoidse b€n firs Bing cls by foNdins $edelfud lor gs bl i.tegmtihg gsdenognphics dlta with a nodel of th€ g.s nel*ort !o

avoid overbuild oa disriburion €pacily. The b.nefir is th€ dvoidoce cost oa addirio.al

coNredo. ed opeo on.

2.9 GIS i. P.liilbo for Gr Utilftv

As nentioned in secio. l. I , Pakista. is d couuy ol 160,97 nillioo popularion (COP, 2008),

shft o.ly two ga utilily codpmies. ia , SSCC dd SNGPL m eng!8ed in rhe business oftErnisioh md dhlribution of etudl gas besides @.srJeion of high pessure

lmnision &d low pEssE dishiburion sy$cm. SSCC have tdsfomed it5 paFi b&doperElioN md maasenenr pipl'ne in CIS fotu whel4 SNGPL is sri sblggting

The idea foi the diSiraliation of dsets infomation M fiBt comeiled .r rhe end of trst

c6hny. Siddiqui dd Naqi (2006) eporlsd rhai in rhe yea. 2000, SSCC skncd ihinlingabout the Esloniion md redqelopm€nl of lsF€r maps Rhich ws continuously d€slroyine

d@ to non-lvail.bility of oy eniralized syslem. Di$usim $ilh loally available clsexFrts lilc Dcpanm ofcogqihy. Unive6ity of Kmchi w@ $rned i.2OOl. tniialt.lhoushls wd onl' limned b minS dd vdorialion of paF. mps and $en sbEge on

dieit l nedi.. Th. job of eminE aid v{rorialion of 2000 dra*ines in AutoCAD

ov'onmenr was awarded lo ! local fim in 2002. which ws conpleted in 22 monrhs of tjnepdiod. Me&while, seriou esdh tud discu$ion were al$ soi.s on wirhin lhc codpmy

idr lhe centllianioh md streannining oflhe 6scr' infotutio.. 1000 additionat dr.winSs

s€E.ls len for eMins md vstorization b.ov.r endrc iiechie @a ofSSCC. ln 2005.

SSGC t@k nmng iniiariv€ ad st ned delctopins CIS liom rEtcb Eing in-hos@Nes in lem of hard*'@. $ft*e, maps dd hmd E$w6-

Bamm (2007) m.ntio.ed dat SSCC ued a nunb.r of ESN prodrck icluding ArcView

for cEating and developing vdious mapping pruducls, ATCSDE for spatial dau sroBge odnmagened. ed ArclMS for delile.ing dynanic mps dd CIS dau dd $Nic.s vh lhe

\ltb. ArcGIS Engine for cEating cNon CIS desttop applidioB. He added lhar usine

ArclMS. SSCC develoted a \€b'be*d cls .ppliqlion rficn .llo*s SSGC s slsrl to

visualia dd query pipeline N-r*ork (es g6 distribulion snd riMisio!) infomalion

froh $e centml d.t be fo. b.tEr plming and d€y.lopmmr. No$. ArcClS S.n€r bsEpla€ed ArclMS ii SSOC.

Adror hu ltc.fiy dFid€d lh. dIB of A!OrS Sen r b.*d qlb lolurioo *ticb l|.tF.clFnoy t!.Fnre n n{.ts ro fld odi6l (ou.! &d !.!. in$.!.door ro 6.tl ffifiqei ei.d4 u Flnto|I. &i!g aEserd.. rlcl u F k t g* ft. q&rioniNlud* tl! rhilig to 3clllch .ddr.!D!, letulrkr Srs cu!bd.n! gr5 iNnllriotr! od hlpopliml roulc wid lr*clin8 6@ .!d dirae.

Ar tMtioEd in scdd lg c|!Eily, taid..ll ot|E enhins b.!.6i!, bttsE ilv!tu6r|ldrt lcof.ln -srtOISLcteloo',p,...dry,nt ryrt nciUbdomb.(ofio.d.qudd

NATURAL GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM

The mtual ga supply proce$ fion \ells b end etumeb involles thrce lyFs of pirelioe

systeN,:e. Cafiei.g Syslen. Tmmision Syst h &d Distibuton Sy$.m.

Fdd lhe wUs of.alu6l 8$ fields, natml gas g@s lo tE g6 pd6siig plot lttrough a

n€lwork oI pip€lin* cslled G.tnenng Syslen', Gath{ihg pipeline Brslem is oMed ddopcmrs by c6 Ficld oFBto6. Prce$ing pldr i3 !5.d ro enov. $!.r.1 impuitio ftom

$. nalur,l 8a litc c&bon dioxidc waai €l.. Frem $e pm*ir8 pltui. dE .atu 1 ga

dov6 inro the Fdmision s)sr.m snd delivecd lo sa lr.cmision compani* !t u asE€d

'Poi,x of Deli,e.y (POO\. Tn@ m l8 PODS sit s lor taBfer of natual gls lion g6 filed

into SSCC s ransfrision oiftlin€ netvork.

3,2 Ttuni.lio! Sytteo

T@sision syn€h is a n t{orL or prpeline rh.r ttuspons @tlr.l ger lrem POD rhoud!lrge dianet* ard hign pNue pip€litus lo E s onsmptio! .6 ioi donesnc.

@nnerial &d indctdal cu$on6. TMsisbd pipeline syst n is om€d by edussmissioi coopo.i6. S.melides, be1ren gds pMessi.g pldl ed POD. il is omed by

M&y mjd t !tsnission pipeliE m lopcd with lm or moE lifts Mning paEllcl to @hoth* in th€ sue dSl of My or tmnision pipeline coridor. This L@ping ircrenaMal ea cap{iry in th. pipeliE fo. oFinM supgly. Tl€ tumission piFIiG ridts ofway or cod.lor vary in sias ard @ le.ed l@m lfldoMed with ftslridions on

unauthorized onslruclion acriviri€s ro nihimirc the pohtial for midenlal dmage. SSCC

hsve two Dain traNmission pip€line onidoa, i d.. lndu t.n Bart Pip.line sd lhdns tughl

Buk PiFline for iesmission of han@l to K@chi ed Int€rior Sindb tgions.

Conplt$r stato$ e l@kd ar a cenain distrnft deided by rh. piFline oF6loB rlo.g$. |msni$ion pip.lin. rclte lo e.h&e the s6 p6suc tbar is lo3l drc ro the fticiion ofrbe .olural s$ moving tbbuSn d€ st*l pipe. Mostly. conp6$r slrtions e complelely

autonaled, e ihal they na! be $arted or sropped fbm conlrol enrE. The conliol center cm

also r€mol€ly op€rale shul{,I vahes along $c tmsnission systch Oa pFssu6 in

lmsmision piFline system of SSCC is continuouly (24houd7&yt moniloFd ed

.ncrgscy v.lv6 mt b€ shut{ffFnolel! duing emerSe.cy 6ing scADA system. sscclulc 5 @nt6er srions.t Sui Ficldr Suktur and NaMbsl@h H@dquneB alon8 ILBP

trdsnhsion pipeline coridori and Shikrpur dd Dad! Feadqu.ns along ILBP

r.Emi$ion piFline oridor s shoh in Figrc 3.1. SSGC hav€ nor thd I l3 mi. valve

enblies ,long the tmcnission pip.line onidoB out of whicn ?6 R *€rched out alons

de ILBP md IRBP mnidou fron RSI locarion up to ihe K&qchi.

SSCC s trdsnission pipeline nelro* is spEad in Sindh &d Balehi$an Provincs of

Palistan. Afte! ihe disovery of ga, lhe fist !@smission pip.line. ILBP of l6 X347 miles,

b€l\en Sui r@hi s6 @nmission€d in 1955. Tle pipeline e6 pan of a virion to

hm6s .arul s.s, md brins it all rhe way to Pdkjsr2n s c.pibl city lo fe€d fi. grewing

indGtrial hub of Kddhi (Figre Ll). ln 2007. fiom Has g$ field lo Sui Cd field, il wsdisomar€d witn rhe sscc s syslem and rc$ n is uqd fd sNcPL thrcu€I ev.e s6

The id@ for die dev.loptunt of Patisnn Srel Mills !r K@hi *6 @nc.ived in lat Sixties.

Dudne 1975-?7, Inds righr banli piFline (IRBP) oi 13 Di4erer X 504 Kn rtusntuion

pipeline had connsted K@hi silh Sui gs field. This poj*t $d considefd inpehtile. dPdist . Slal Mills r€E .xF€l€d to come on-strlm dd $d omisioftd in | 985.

h 1981. the 144 Kn md l2 &c, diml€l Quelra Pitelire (QPL) wd buill io eru. the ciiy

ol Qu.tb ed .n-mule roffi in Balahism. Tn piFline runs surhw€st to .onnw€sl fiom

RS-l al the IRBP. To incftaF th€ e,.s capacity, the l8 X 14 kmdd 181,cA dimerer loop

lin€ {s @nnissiondl in l99l !o joii IRBP dd QPL ar shiklrpur and J@b6bad.

h 1984. Piikoh Pipelinc (PGFIP) was buih to codet Pirkob gas neu wnn Sui. The ntal

lengrh of piFline is 70 Kn rnd dimcrr is 18". Llrer. n $4 dismcled silh ih. SSCC\

system ed .or it is *d lor SNGPL lhrcuel r€veM erd flo* metno<!,

In 1987. sscc @mpl€led rhe Badin Blak c6 Fi€kls In!.gadon PDj.cr (BCFIP). This

involved layin8 dosn of a l8 - dimer.r X 137 kn hien pRssurc piFline inchding th@ splr

linesof12 did€ter 10 conn€cr fie Badin Block wnn HQ-l al Jmshoro. .e{ Htderabad, on

thc Inds Len Banl Pipelirc (ILPB).

uAroctrrsr^N \ ;;;d;iii;r!'r ,/\/\ ,.,*f $i5iir*,

\\ --*i" uPi !fdr--.-" *Y; \-\\ L\-.7f'; a{ qi41gr7.{

i\----=ttY \l

f ;^ -'-"../ .

'""''.:"f_;.,**" I, K,,r,.,tE ..

a. il*:..:";-suP.-,9luvt

:',:,e".rc^. I ^,",J i'";ri'" l- ,--""*l-js" ""-"'^

',irrlo

,, i*"., ."il, """' '?(L / i'",'"-"' 11'_t_._..l j-'-.i.rd "'"./ ",,,,{"

1*61(_.:"*r.r; .i ..'";:.' .:-.f_

d $cPL M @ i,rr h P\Frf. N{e MRurbaFrd. fY-- iq!1 !r!l{!4!' !q !+ q'!

Witn lhe pssge of dm€. pvdl othq c.peitt expdsion dd ga expesion pojecB h.ve

b€en undert ken, In 1990-91,IRBP C.paciry Expansion Prcj€ct (IRBP.CEP) w6 conplered

vith in$alladon of20 diMcr.r x 182 hil.s loo! line pdlllcl !o di3ting 18 /rc/, dim€t€r

IRBP. L!l.r in 2003. A.n Dldu to Sui grs fi.ld ir w6 dis.otudt d with th€ SSCC! system

ed noq n h s.d lor SNGPL.

In 1995, for Klahi. g6 film Krd&r&i fi.ld hld bc.n inGgnt d rtmud Krddwdipiperine (KDN). Ih. rotal ldgh of pip.liE is 404 Kn lith dimt$ of 24 &4 20 lrchz'

betsdn KldeMi srs li.ld - HQ2 (NswbslDh) &d HQ2 - K@hi. Fsp€cdrely

In t996 .nd l9?. QPL ws l@Fd wirh 20" dimc. X 60 ln of piFline b.twn Sibi -Dhade dd Kolpo Qun,ln 1998. rlris li@ B !g!in l@Fd wirh 18"dimt rx 129,5

kh of PiElirc beiwdn J&obobdd srd Damboli,

ln 2001. lddirion l s6 a .ddcd in dE u!tunisid sy3lm rhreugh | 6' Di.m.i.. X 16 Xnof piFlitu b.t*t n Mim &d KdeMi 8a fi.lde for supply otca ro r@hi. Sinihny.

sE fism zrnlz3m ficld I de injelcd in dE s. r@ ttsuri 20" dioa.! X 12 KdpiDclinc lr Dd! Hadqlltci,

ln 2m243,24'di@t.r X.O kn piFlin lioD Bhir 8,.i fi.ld *6 l.id ad @nndl.d eirh

the stst m ar Bd@ on IRSP pip.lift. Slw sa ficld s.l$ @Me&d *itl! lllc aystcm

on (d4wui piFlin..l N@. To inErli.l ILBP o IRBP piFU6.24 x 22 km piFlitu

s inst lled b.tecn Kh.rt ji and FrFC {Kffihi) in thc se y*.

In 200546. 24 didel.r X 200 tn ofSa l@Flirc M l.id p.dllel ro IRBP fon B.jd ro

r@hi. ca L@FliG of 2a'parall.l io ILBP rnd K-DN flom Msu io HQI (Hyd.ob€d,

14 tn). HQ2lo T&do Adrm ( l16 tm), B laid in 2005{6 ud 200H7 eF.tiv.ly. Ga

L@p.lift3 0124" X 84 ln pdallcl lo ILBP and KDN frn Jmbotu !o sMs P.kled

lK@hi) q6 !l$ laid. IBl,tl.tion vd i3 ior av!il.bl..

In 2007{8. 20" dimdr X 3l Kh Arocl c.m.ni pip.lirc (ACPL) M loid b.t$€.n(alhm !o Suj6i in K@hi dons 12" diu.l.. X 52 Kn of existing ACPL qhich ws laid

i. 1986. Anofter pip.lin. of 20" didct i x 20 Kd frcm Sujeiro Hab Indusi.ial Ac! wa

al$ laid i. lhe 2007-08. The$ rtusdis.ion pipdin se nediun prc$m pipelircs.

ll is inponmt lo n.ntion herc th.l, lm inpon&l pip€lincs. ld. IRBP l@p line of 20"

didetef liob Dldu !o Sui ss fi.ld dd ILBP of 16 dider{ Iion llas C.s ticld ro Sli

Srs ficld. h6 tF disnrete<l fioh SSGC sysr.F in dE yw 2003 ed 2007 rspc.Nely

md now e6 is srpplied to SNCPL system thrclgh cvene 8a ilow helhod.

Os iion Bobi, roM dd Nlitur fi€lds @ Ele inEented in th. imni$ion pipelim.

Inl.gdion ofga tod z34hdn. L!d[ Adon Xl. Ku@ dd.lh.l gc fields hav. de betr

K@bi and rv.dl olhd bMs & viuaC€s of Siidh ,nd Baldhi$4 rcgid e @nm&d

wirh l[c w tt.lMision sysr.m thDugh a larg. netrcrt of diltribuung sr€lo-

(Kn)2001-02 2tt5 601 2122

2002.0J 2t19 27a6

200].04 2tn @1 2146

200445 2104 639 294i200546 2423 639 3062

2006-07 2605 685 3290

.2007-03 ,2605 635 t290

Souq: (OGRA, 2008)

Table 1.2: SSGC'S Tmsnission Netwo* CapdcnyA3 o! Decenbd 3l , 2009

Table 3. i : SSGC \ TrNmhsion Netwo( (cumulative)

l Indus L€ft Bmk (includine Kadswdi) with16. 20 and 24 /"4rer dim€ter pip.lin€s

445

2 Inds Riehr Bek *nn 18. 20 and 24 /rcr.r 6,1{)

l Brdin G6 Fiel& Inaeratid {i0r I 8 lrcrer 200

Quena with 12, 18. 20 md 24 /,.16 lll

l l98

Inc ldsmission neNork of SSCC is dp€nded b' 568 Km dlring fi@ial t.a 2002.08. A

yeaF*is delail for the .dwo.k is given in Table 3. L The roial trosmission pip€lin€ n€tsork

ed cap@,ty ro. SSCC a on Dahber 2008 is ll98 MMca, (Table 3.2). OCRA (200E)

E otud rhal th€ n t@rt eas qp6city hs been incFled by 592 M,irCF during 2002-08.

3.3 Dllhiburton Sv3ten

Wte. rhe nalural gls fren a cos couq tdsmision piFlirc @h6 a gs disfibmion

@np.!y faciliiy. it tuves into e$ dissibution systcD by pdsiig $roudt a "5.16 M€Lt

&4ion (SMS)' which sns 1n@ h.in purpoes. Firsl, il medurcs lhe ilo* 6i. oflhe ga

1o d.t mine the mout bei.g @.iv.d by the di3lribution compey. TheI! n Gdkc the gG

Drcsft in tlE lift ion lNision lo di*ib{don ld.l Gigh lo nrcdim pl!ssc)- Finallv.

m odotul G addcd i. lhc mlural g6 e llEl poplc ould sdcll ev@ stll q@lities of

mtursl gd in tbeir suourdings duri.g leakage.

rn odr 10 tuag. th. di*ibutim 3ystm oFdtio., SSCC h.s clNifi.d i|s entiE fr&clteaM in fou uils ed so EsioN s shoM in Fiew l.l. which @ b.ine @.lrolled

thbu$ SMS. TBS dd PRs ed s.velal strateeislly l@ted shut_or valv€s (Tabl€ l l), etnat . naintendc. on pip€line could bc Frfom.d without afccling lsrEp nunbq of mtml

K{dchi rcsron cov€s lwo n€iShbonng cities. le.. KaRhi of Sindh prcvioc. md Hab

Induirial TEdins Ap (E.I.T.E oi Hab) of Salocbsad Prcvinc€ (Ficl|G 3 2) lntedor

Sindht Egions @v{ stFl€ Sindh povire exefl Kanchi cilv. Qwna rc8ion 6!d vhole

Balochist n prcvinc .xept tlab 4d Gwde citi.s C$!dd cilv is cdtrolled bv Gwadd

reio. ed LPG gs is supplied lhrough dktibution neterr

Tablc 1.3; sscc's cs Dislibution Sytren Moagcndl Deqc.3

sMs T8S PRS

ll 190 29ll

79 176

ll 27 265

SoNd Conput.d by Aumor

ft'\

:-E_l

t-

v\-,!:

;i'ii;:

{,tl

:i

4&1irt'.l!;I:':.

*r''

za2

r:.i.!3

5 | -l

: :;!!

;-::i:::t!;:ji;;;

;. .,.

.j-

:.:

:;:

Nat'lu l Cd b*mc available thrcu€i BEs disiibutio. syslen to ohiercial snd dohestic

consm* of Kd&hi and Hvd€r.bad cilies in Odobo, 1955 with lhe connhsion of ILBP

rtusdision. Cs consunption for posr eeftradon @ intmdued in Octob.( 1955. wh€n

Kdchi El*rric Supply Corpo6lior's (K.E,S,C) lid boild 9a fied. Sirce thco, SSCC is

condn@sly €nsogEd in .xpordirA th. disEibodon crmrt in ord6 ro prcvid. Mnlal 96 to

nEei lhe basic tucl Md ol d€ popularim in ir. ftlmhi* '@The 96 distribulio. system 6 of Jue 2008 is 31,91I r,irl out of which Kmchi alone hs41.47q r1?.. ll.2l4, Fom 1970 !o 2008,lhe tot l dblributio. n€twod nas b€h.xpanded by

2642%. Ga dkttibution piFlifts €omprie of v.rying siz6. i.e.. % Inch to 12 l".h irdideler vith slel rnd polldhe mterial. Gs distribulior srd€n fioh l97O to 2008 is

GN disrJibulioh stst h c& be clailied inlo th@ cateSdi€s, ic.i Supply Main'.

'Dis$ibulion Main' ed 'ScFice line which s csthodically por{t d agairut comsion

(Figre 3.2). Uhion Council Mse gs dtlribution syst€n pip€line networt lcoglh (@ftputed

by alhor using CIS) i3 giv€n in Am*w E.

Table3.4 SSCC sC6 DisibulionSyscm for AllReSions

Some(SSCC. 1989: SSGC. l95j SSOC. 2000: SSCC,2O05r SSOC, 2008)

Sindh

(Km) (Kn)

Supply+

(Kn)t970 903 261 l1641915 r36E 2.200

1980 3,002 l,lol 4.101

t985 t,648 488 6,155

1990 4.2 tE t.057 1.005 8,194

1995 6.141 1.621 7,962 t,l0l 2.t51 15,4t6

2000 8.055 2.264 10.321 ?,975 1.487 2t.7452005 9,115 2.649 I t.784 9,161 4,6t9 25,764

2m3 t0.I7 )9r? lr.2.l4 12,484 6.191 ll.9tl

3.3,1 G.rSupply Mdn!

G6 $pply mins FpEs Gl.tively hish r mdid pesN and lalc di.mra eia piF..Thcy @ jut like @jor o6& in r city. h suppli.s nllunl ga ftom SMS ro lls wi$in 96distiburion syslen. SSCC 12009!) reponed tt.r.6 on Dembcr 31,2009, the d6ign

capacily ol supply naihs for Ksachi region is 1,4E9 M/CaD. Dehih of major supply nainpipelin.s covering €nliE Kaqchi r€gion @ givn in Tsble 3.5.

3J.2 Gr Dirrib!.ior Miu

From ga sulply Mi6. nalurd g6 mv6 ido g6 distibution MiN tt psine dtough

''ToM Bordd Shrion OBS)_ ceuho. TBS Bd@ 0r. gs plsR fdm hedim to low in

lne sa disribution naitu. tfa rgula,lor Fes thai ine p6sw na drepled below a etpoior it wiu op€n rcordingly to allow more gd to flow On lhe o$er hdd. who pEssurc

rises abole a st point, th€ egulalor will close lo adjusl, Pessu€ Regulabr St tion (PRS)

cgulator is als used to funher rde lhe sa prcsw within disltibuion stsr.m or

smctimd ir k usd in eple.m..t of TBS for 3nall @Mbiri6.

cs dislribution mi6 @nsisrs of low pesue ini.Fomected piFline nelsonl. which cdymt!61 gd to poinB adjaenr io cuslomer prenh4,

UnBu.lly, TBSS hnve al$ bc.n u*d in Kdchi R.gon 10 €duce gs pFsuE within supply

nais and they re known 6 "ster' Dotr'TBSS, Thcy re 5 in totll,s shoM in FiSw 3,2

Th€ op.6ring lEs pEsw if, dislibution moins is dif.rcnl Ior dilld.n {4 do.ding lo

popdlrion sir, dendd ed op€.lting spocitt oa$e Cas disr.ibltion MiN. An a@ qhcc

g6 p6@ in a nenrcrt of di$tibunon mis is rointained tMgh noE lhm on TBS

(ldving diifercnt s6 pe$urcs) is .all.d * In{cd"ected sts pcssre sysr€n daRheGs e @a wh€r€ gs pr€ssue in a neiwotk ofdisFibulion ndine is @intained thbuSh

sinsle TBS or PRS is knowi 6 6ordred's6 pcsc syslm a@ PRSS @ Ed to tunb.r

rd*. thc g6 PlM {ilhin /r?d..o,re.red sr5 PlKw syn€n .@ for sFcitc ledilv

The ss dis|burion systen i. Katuhi €sion h3 bee. clssified in 26 iht€rcomecred 3nd

lol islatcd gas pr.sse sysren ed d show. in FigE 3.1. opedion dd minlelmce ofdisibudon systen in SSCC is .l$ bed on rnee sd operding p€suE sy$n ea.

SG.! DirtrihtLon $st r

1955 sMS - Kech'

2 t962 t6l 1965 20 sMs - Mdn

Nont' Crry MEjn 1966 20

5 t1 l6

l8 l6

1 r979 t68 SITE G6 Tubim Man t979 20

Nonh City Mlin ed vdibMdn Link

1987 l6

l0 H.l.T.E.Mlir 1987 t2 TBs H.I.T.Eislep

ll Nonh Clly Mln dd sujdiTBS Link

t992 OE

t2 1995 24 TBS - I<!sc Bio

tl aCPL - vrlilo Mdtr Litrt 1996

FIFC KESC Bin Qain t9,7 l0 sMs - FJfc

l5 Soull Ciy .nd C Statid 1997 t4 SMS - Sujdj

l6 Noni Ciiy ed ACPL MajnLink

)002

t1 200E l2t8 200E l2l9 200E SMS - Surimi

20 FJFC - KESC Bii Qasin 200E 42 SMS . FJFC

2r 08

T.bl. 3.5: Majo. Supply M.itu ofCs Diiribution Syslcm in (&ehi Reion

Sowe: Computed b, Auhor6insCIg Sysled

I eure 1 i \S6a scd. I)nriburion 5J{r'

I FI

I

r lILIs

I

-.led t

I@5.

sourcei SSCC- Conrplrcd by Aulhof

As per SSGC s engiNer infomalnin. na\ifrum ,redge opcraling eas cssuru in erisling

disribtrlion syslem is l/5" of lhc design pr$ntre Thc dcsiBn oDerdtrng pressure ot

dislriburion main slncm is lt0tri. llt rdking rhe loPrj a! frdxinrun a\e.rgc openrine Aas

prcssurc. ro{n \i* caPtuit)rloluNe of distiburion mins s}sren netr\orl ha b'cD

calculircd using (ils ts Fr the m.rhodoloe! slvcn in Anncxu!!-t' ln Junc 2001i. thc

marinunl catacit)rvolume ofdntibrrion main n.lNorh in Knrdchi rcgion is 67.19:r NMr'

5rl

:!la

! .+.3

'*!Ef

fu;;;;;;1

t zlr €o--- :8

Abng sirh rhc ll-BP tlnsnr\snr pipeline la)irr! *ork ion sui gas rield ro K!ncl,i. gls

dlstriburion DruiDs e\panstun s( . h Kaochi rugidr had aho bccn soned in 1955 is n$$n

inTableI6. l:igure I 4 aod |isur. I 5 Nlaiof Npn.sion ofdislrihurn,n nain ncr$drl in

(mchi r.lnnr ha been trcuftd during rhc l.t^ 199l-1000. suppl) ol !r5 rhroulh

dntibutnr D.ins in llab 1o$rr lH I T E) has hccn rMcd duins l98l 1990 As on Junc.

2008. (;uhh -c-lqbalandC all liNnsofKamohiicgionhalcla|gcslsasdistlhu(nnimar

Fi-!urc:1.5: To$n \\'isc (iasDistiburion Nlrins Fxpansion in KamchiRcgiorYear 1955 1003

t!d

!iaigtils;l!-i !iil!EiErf i

r*d!li.ardrffi

a1'|.n3 rrn-rrro rltttr rrtr-rn atlad-ro alo!-lo rshdl

\ourr! (t nrpuktl b) i\urh tr tr)in't CI\ s.{(rn

Filure l.6 5ho$s percenra-le ol l{t.l es dntibtllnD mais nc$\orl i :008 a.d lnhl. .l ?

sho\s top i I nbnComcils oi Kattchi e-qion in \hich hdjorcrP 5ion of 96 distihuton

n ns h.rc cn o0cutud durin! dilierenl rinN lt-riods Cllcuhrn)ns olTlble l6 rDd :1.7

halebeen'nadcbyiutbolusi'uddr.a.alr-sisJnn.lions.l rccls.r(ilssvslcnr'

I abl€ 1.6: C6 Di$ibution Main! Ndrc* Exp.nsion 'n

r\tfuhi Rcgion during 1955-2008

TOIT'N NAME1955-1960

l96tt9t0

tt7t-l96l)

l9El-l9tl

t9t-,oot

2ot l-t0@

0,00 0.00 0.00 0.@ 0.09 0_@ 0.@ 0.090,07 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.t5 0.03 0,00 0.5 |0,00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.04 0.00 0,55

H.t.T.E(tbb) 0.00 0.00 0,00 o.29 l.t I 0.19 0.00 |.E00,00 0,00 0.00 0.21 0.49 l.|l 0.00 t.8l0.06 0.ll Ll0 0,90 0.t5 0.01 0.00 2..]50,09 0.l l 0.07 0.60 0.95 0,81 0,00 2.61

0.00 0.01 |.03 0.79 0.67 0.20 0.00 2-71

0.00 o00 2.0t. 0.29 0.50 0.22 0.00 1.020_62. 0.59. o.7a 0,69 0,22 0. rl 0,00 J.0.1

0.13 0.66. r..]6 0.6t 0.27 0. t2 0.00 3.150,00 0_41 r.5a 0,97 0.E0 0.t2 0.00 1.85

stll 0.13 0.30 0.54 0,60 |.92 0.61 0,01 4.t I

0.00 0.00 t.7l 0.8E t.30 0.2c 0.00 4.t80.t0 0.M 0.43 0.63 t.E7 t.r3. 0.04 4.55

0.00 0_@ 0.t3 0.E! Llt. 0.92 0.01 4.9E

0.06 0.t 8 t.7l 0.12 2.23 0.6E 0.00 5.t80_?8 |,66. LO0 0,22 0,00 5.27

0.00 0-00 l.?9+ r.91. t.30 0.29 0.00 5.31

0.02 0_51 t.03 t.66. r.61 0.75 0.00 t.6t0.00 0.00 0.43 L05 3.1t. L05 0.00 5.640.00 0.13 t_41 0,15 3.33. 0.83 0,00 6.0.00 0.00 0.25 0.55 5.21. 0.91 0.01 7_07

0,00 0.0t 0_00 L00 3.49. 1.70. 0.00 E.200.0? 0.23 t_71 l,l9 i.27. r.57. 0,00 8.301.75 a,6l lo06 IEJE 3EJ5 t5,45 o09 rut.00

' Major Ga DirEibliion M.iis Erpdsion woilSome Codpur.rt by Author $ing GIS Sysi.n

a

3

E 9aOG'=,{

553t:d;F EI i9e

E

s

e53

€g

55EE

ti

trEEde

RraFE53CE

la e

53

s€39

a9^!>E- a>

E

55IEiE

9E

tl6!

2.2EE

s I

9EE5

!i

d

n

'e

C5

€

3

!l

. .+":i_

,gilii'ii:#i

.r€]E o

i 3E;_ 8-r.i

Narual s6 runs fmn lhe disrributio. mai. lo @nsun.as gd hsrq lhmueh a tin. caucd''S.dice Lin€ . when the gs @ch6 r coslom€ls mer€r, it pass rhmlBh eorher clutstor ro

reduce its presurc. Mointenonc. ofgls pipeline up |o eNie tineorconsumets gas mer.r ie rhe

r€sponsibiliry of C6 Company. As shoqn frcm Table 3.4. fie lnice piDeline network inKmchi ftrion is 291 7 Km. Th. s&ndard for mdimon togih ol wic tine in SSCC is 20 fcr

\llld d. sos p€s rhbugh a comumd s g.r ndr (hooe o. busins). n bcon6 rh€

poPelly ofrhe cusromei. onc. the s6 is inside rhe home or busines. n hv.ls !o .{uipmc.t and

applioccs thrclgh piping instdled by the disriburion company conkactots ed owned by the

The e6 distnburion systeo of SSOC s frmchis. sra sryes lhe nltuBl EA rcquiEn.nl of2,072.076( labl€ 1.2) onsum.s in l,9l,l cities, rowns dnd villases (OCRA,2008).

Th@ e 8l licnsd conturoF in Kamhi E8ion, $ho m hin.d to cny our tow pEsuc8a ins&lladon *ork insid. pEmiks ofdomesri€.nd cohn€rial custoh€6. SSCC uriliz. th.nown e.ginee^ for inst llation olgaspipine sysl.m ior indusrial cusrome*,

Billing sy{cm bounddio e difiercnt l6n g6 p6uE sysr€m or disiriburion stn n o!.driondd @inldsnce bound&i6. for wclljsirn d *ry 6onrh 3 g.s dct r EadinS, g6 bitl

dhfiibution md gos consumprion analysis, SscC h$ dividert iB eitie fMchie dca bi inc

slsrem inro units. rcBions. anes, sub rcn$, ar.a, ed b@ks. &t ',Ia iesrb, is thc t6rg6r

adninistdite or gogaphic toundary $heM ,t rx rrca is th. small€sr adnini$dliv€boundary dd b@l is actully phlsi€l exislecc ofbinning Fp€6 wirh o$ and cotumns.

Meter rqding h done thrcugh spsiic lo,rd /D ofihe cusroneG. Roule IDs ee basicatty 7

disitll numb.6 ddiled toh ,,/i,s,4na trumb.i c$tomer type s.d b@k nunher qhich is

Ni8ftd to c&h cuslomcr.

Billin8 syqem of sscc is mmged

sho*n in FiguE 3.7. K..&hi esion

nunbe of bool5 (FislE 3.8).

though lour units, sv€n rcgions io coler dliF fmchhe as

compri$ of | 7 @n.5, 2t sub zones! 707 @a dd *v.ral

FiguEl.T: SSC|C 3Cc Bill MmsgemorSysM

uG$rD

IIIE

t:i?

.E

;

i- I;i ,:.

,iiiiiii t;!

JE

v 2a 1:, P: nii-

i lli i.:\;!

$

1i;:

Unlonun elt. uptilleccntlt.lheF is no pmpef mcthod dd schedule set lorte leak detecrion

suaey. SSCC is i. quesl ol moden equipfrnl ed r6ls for leak d€tedion dd ryins to lamch a

prcjd lor g6 leat detdtion. SSGC 6 perfom src, uing cls dd nobile ss ldld.l*lioi techmlog/. CuRntly, lek m de!*!d only wh€n Of coBun.6 omplains ahour

lhe leak in the seryice lin., house line.nd distri6lrion or supply mdns. Ce.enlly, compbins

arc received in call eni.r and fooarded !o em.rg.nct r€spondeB ofCus[omer Relarioh (CRD)

lnd Dh[ibfiion s!(ed MsnoSend (DsM) depannehr th6!8h .nterpis Cuslomer

Infomation Sy$ed (ClS). Lsks on sdice dd houe lin6 @ idnediatcl, lixcd by €meBency

GFnd6 ofCRD.nd @ntollcd from Esio..l hod omca whiL DSM fix.d le,rs on g6$pply dd di$iburion main pip€lin6. DSM h.r divid€d K@hi EBion inb aonr 26n6, i.,DK-|, D(-2. DK-1, DK-4 aordi$ribution sys€m leek Epai6. Hislory olleaks fired by cRD ot

DSM h mainrain€d in CIS afier its implement.tio. ed only .vailable f@m Scprenber. 2007, No

ne$o! is €xisted to dord lsk repoiB on oat6. CIS hd CPS &.hnolo$ could be helptul to

eod ed mainlain exact lmrion of gs lealagcr, S.tLmber. 2007 o$ard s6 ldkose Eordsloftd in CIS *ould bc m.inEin d in cls by msul mar*ins of s6ldks i. fMr oacusroneu'

pmies (6 conplri.et in l.a* as@ cla of ClS, Feafue cl& will b. di*usd in stion

3,5 Ldk D€ieiion $d Rep.ir

J,6 f,riltirg Nd G.t Connecdotr Busitrs P@es

SSCC E€ires new g6 conndion ratud for dom6ri. dd ormtrcid cus!om.6 thoush

authonzed onldor whalc for induEial cusrom.E sscc conr@rs diBd) All nes

connecion EqEsts re dmh by Sales depanne On Keiving the Gquest Sal€s dep.rtmenr

fist asiens rhe B@kNunber dd Serial number, do the innial lisir (ifequicd)and $en p.ssrh. sse ro PlM.ing depaftmeil sith all n€cBsaryde|ails like gd load, cunome!lype addE$

Pldnine dep.nmor 3rldies thc ce ed ifrF insollarion of new disfiburion nain is nor

rcquid, then rhe cas is rclered b&k lo Sal.s deprrtmenl. Sale deganme does $e cost

estimdion. hsues newlob Card nunbefand refe6 the.ose for msnagement approval.llrhe ceisappmled b! rhe m&agcncnt.lhen sales depanm.nr senedr€s Account lD in cts and loruad

n ro Uriliation dspdmem rhoueb nN Fi.ld Acriviry {sencdres by CIS) tor insbttdion ofsery'ce line dd gas meler. Uritiztioh dep.nme assign n.w Sketch nunber ro rhe Fietd

Acriviry lor fi.ld work. Anercomplelion of*otk. m.r*numberandskerch nunber is enEed in

cls by Utilianion depanmenr ad larr on 3upply ol gas is srfled. No dod has been

mainbind by Pl ning Departnent for this new *Ri.e lineon th€ map.

Iflne inslllldion olns disribution main k..qlircd rhd Ptdnins depannent do fi. rirc tisit(if equn!d), dcsign pipcline o p€p.r m+ dd thcn Ef.r rhe ce bsk b sl.s deplnn.nr wirh

all ne€s.y inlom.tion lik€ pipelin d*ign n!p. pip.lin dimea l€ngh, gs ti inss €rc.

Sal6 deporh.nt des the cosl €3imatio.. issoe Job Card numb€r lnd foMd it o n.nagement

for appmval. lfthe case k appmved. rhe. Sales deponm.ht end th. case ogain to Ptannins

depanmeit for g.fin8 NOC like for rcod curing frcm $e city eovemment. AIto g.rring fieNOC, Pldnins d.pdneht foMd thc ce ro Con*ruction od Colhodic PDr*tiond.P8dm. s for coislruclio. ed oth6<tic po@tion worlq Bpectivety. Aier compl.rion of@nsttudion qdk. the ce i re$m€d back io Sal6 d.lanndr for snie @nnerions !.d loPldning d.pdn€rt lor updaing of mapping cods (mostly updad aii€r 2 10 3 mondr). S!t6d€pdmmr rh.n fo rd the €e io Uriliation d.pdmd lor tunnr pEKing rs given in

above p@gmph. Figuc 3.9 shos exisring n.w onn€crion businds work nos in SSCC. A

very gene.ic m.thodolog to steamline lhe business qo flow for n€w sas connFrion Bing

CIS h6 bden prcposed in Annexur€ B', which ma! needs tunler enhonccmenr is per

Figure3.9r Existina N.rv Connection Busines Work fio{ Prdess i. SSCC

Ch.pi.r aRESEATCH METHOT'OLOCY

Discolein! nea lers or new or hew iht rprer.rion of older facrs which 6olve some ofrhe

pre$ing hsues ofhuman being is oREn tem.d d Resrch. Through thisvhionofresearchth€

propoen $udy is unden len lor Kmchi ftsion of sui soulhm c6 conp&, Limit€d bachiele $e ultimalc objdive i-e. io ddelop a GIS bred model thal could bc usd ior the

d6igni.g of tulomded mappi.g md frcilni6 mda$nor (AM/FM) st$eh for esditujburion .nd tmsmision piDeline ndwort s infomatim nnagene dd irr swesiiilinpleoffl.lio within Es uriliq_ onp..ies $ qcll a for the @ltsis of !d d.med edsupply pauem in th. dom6lidEsiddrial sanor ro addEss rhe issue oa otu6l sa crisis fo.

planning, developneni hossemenl ofexhringdd fonh coming pipeline nelwotk3.

Melhodologic.l f6m.work for lhis l*mh *o.k is divided inlo rhe najor prnsl

l) Ge.dabb& Modclin8

2) collarion lnd Conv6ion of ssgEphic d.r!

vdo. dao mod.l-ber.d CIS apliclrions !E idcal lor m8insi.8 d6ign lnd conrol, @npl.x

snkr os md.g.n.nt ed pffi @ntml su.h s sne plmning ed dev.lopmor, |.cilirt &dd$t daogenent, ulilily nainl.me,.dwork and flow dnalysis.

A comnon use of rhe vector dab modeh h in the area of coordinared-basd prcision dara

d&ipularion. Lcilil.ring high levelofflexibiliry in linling |o non-sparial, exleml d.rlbsss for

rudher i.iepd .nalr*s od d(ision-mking (w dr .r rl., 2007).

Ce dd Zqick (2007) cn€d rhd veor is a @diMrebas.d iLla no&l lhn rptwntsg@gEphic lqruB a poinrt li.es od polygo3. Elch poim l€aM h r.p@nr.d 6. singlc

coordinale p!n, shil. line sd polygo. fanuc @ rptlsted d ordccd lbts of v.nic6.

Anribuls R csiaLd with e&h featue, 6 opposd io e5ter dala nodel, which essi.l6

A SogEpht d.l! mod.l is o alist@tion of sl *orld $at flploys a sd of drt! objets rhrt

luppon nap disphy. qery, ednins od salFis. AGOIS inroduc a mw objer o .nr.d d.ra

nod.l rhd is €!.blc of Eptgting notuEl bchavioE.nd El.rionsrip of fdtuc- h it thc roF

Idel mn or g.qrphic datl. lt is . @llctio of .ldd! fdE clM, objcr .lss6, ddEladonship clas(Z.ilssd EStu, 1999).

c6 dislribuion nctwo* lnd its Mciated dat rcqut cdlinuous updating. This h essenlial lor

lhe de rcpE*nlatio. of the gG disr.ibution n.lwo* dd nqce for elIdtivd 8s disribu.ion.

Uriliry omp€nie rcqlic th. ability 1o p.rfom dhpl.yin& minbining, mbun quc.ict md

mlysis ol d.n &b ud dfldd high d.t! inl.grity to nsuE $e qu|ny of thc sys1n.

The po9cd mod.l b v.clor b.s.d md ha b..n cst d Gi.g 6rc AECIS fdtlG d$s, ie.,

point, line dd lolygon in iil. s.odat be lype $ GASSFT€ncls' md h.s bcn orSsized in

lwo featue dateB, ,.s., BaseMap tud Casyst m.

F€atuE dltascr is a olleio of fed@ clNs rhlt sh@ $e tue @idinar. stslch (Zeiler

TIF model is basd d $. infdm.tion arail.blc fom sdellic img€, hndcop, nlps odconductihg inervicws wirh lhe SSCC'Softci.b.

4rr B*M.p FatuF D.t.s.t

Ir'e ien be frat is frlquanly ue in rh. CIS &ra &telopnem. B@ map is a lcnplarc $!tprDvid6 *.id infomlrio on mmon l.nd lcduat lFn which mapping .ppliotids may

s3lPage

be perfomed and lom which noE specirlized d a ma! b€ derild. Typial be mapping

thm6 ioclud. fedu$ @nnon b sy sircn Esion such s hnstonadon. eklalion.

hydoeEphy. ldd ovr. dd bolndrici The bdd tuge ol ferucs collered i. b6* maps

mms thlt muhiple Sioups can sh.re rhe eme dal! (D&ker, 2000).

FeatuE drlet model lor "ad€M,p" is sho*n in Figur 4 l. De$dpdoi of dch leaoe cleof..ad.Map d.taer alo.g wi$ assia&d ch@trisric @ defined in Ann€xm -4 .

4,1,2 Gssyrtem F@rur DatoFt

The es pip.lin. inftrstucrlE is ofrpcd of rh. @nn6l€d leal@s thlt td.dit.aludl g6

lion a gd lield !o fld coruum.6. Ga syncD onsis of @l-sorld objd lit pip€s

(hsmission, disdbuion .nd etuic$)r devies shich conrol and cgubE now in rhc pipes

(sles meler stotions, lo*n border sralion, pe$!E rcgulalor srotion and valves clc). fi in8s

vhich join lhe pites, ad gs dcte6 *hich m.auE the supply ad consuhplion of nduEl ss at

supplier nd consund end, EsF.liv.ly.

FeatuE deLset mod€l for "carsrskz is sh6qn in Fisuc 4.2. D€*riprion ofeach a.atuG clrs3

ol 'Cds,Sr/e, daleel alons wilh ssociated chaEct rhtic m de,in.d in Annexure "A '.

1.2 colk rion rd cdr.6lon otc,.oanptic D.ri:

Cogdphic d.la re cla*ified inb nvo kinds Mording to lhen $urces: primary ddo edsndtry dat{ Prinui, dara .re usully @ll{tcd thoush di@r mebuMenls ed it shovs

htesr i.romalion lik€ @nduc ne fi.ld $N€ys .nd int dids whe6 S6onda.y dlu is relar.d

to pst p€rid ed it is fte only posibl€ $me ol EquiEd dda for th€ lEsh work, shich

prin$t d.ta cannot povide, Aoth primary and secondary dat! hd b.en ollected dd used

thoughour rhh r€seh sork. Prinary &t h6 oho b*n used for th€ lerificarion odcorr€clion of $ondao d!l..

F igurc 4.I "rare,{r'op FsruF D.@g Mod.l

,1.2.1 Cordldr. Syst€b

ChGiig drht @dinllc sylrcn fd rnc d.rclopmmt of CIS is dhys . clEllergE. In P.lisll!Su@y of P.kie!., tn€ @i. surycying conp.iy, es ldb6t Cdfom'al cmic (ehh two

St3nd&d Pdll.b) Pojation, *hi.h divides Pski$ln into two Cri& sr$en: grid I for Nonh€m

Paldsh dd grid ll fo. Soulhm porls of P.tirlrn. This syien is nainly ued ior nilibrypoAoe dd nor &dhble fo public *to6.

UniveMl Tr.nw.6e M.Eslof (UTM) syst h i3 ! spsializ€d application of li. TresmeM.@lor pojsrion wnich b !s.d for ldse s.l. lotogmphh m!ppi.g. h giv* ecurale

Eprcrntltion ofsndl shapes and ni.id6l disonion of l.r8s shapes Rithin lhe de. Sml. is

cdsrtul .lons $€ cnhl msidis- On Univ.sl T@.v.6e Mddor slsim. Paldsh lalls in

Zonc 41.42 od.rl. Sire, UTM Zone 42 (wcs E4 Ellipeid) ove6. iE bsmision eddisribution .ereolt of the sudy .M; th.Eh.!. h is *lded s ta* @dinare slsem for all

FisuE4.2: 6clsF,sr ' F.duc D rsd Model

For the dwclopnerft ofbe nrp rnd gis sr3tcm dltec. Srt llit€ dat wd u*d d bekground.

S.v.nl conslhints s* peem at the rim€ of eletion oa $l.llit dar,- Since fie study .rc.invoh. large extenr ofam lor gas t.ansnision dd distibution pipeline network, fi€Elorc, rh.

nrii objectile behind thc pduEm€nl of sct llir. dalo had th@ @on' re, i! should he

medium cosr, sood ee. @v.dge and hi8h pirel€olulion. Vdious scencs (4ch equal to 60 x

60 Km) of SPOT 5 Satellit. dat. wi$ 2.5n pixel resolurioo.2A pGe$ing l.vel (Onho@tified

usins S.r€llite mrdin.t t & global DEM ol I Km pix€l @ludon) w$ *lct d ror purhelim a l@l o.8midim (SUPARCO).

OnhoEtificslion is th. p@s of lrdsfoming a c.nfal penp€criv€ imag. into m orlhosonrl

imsge by Emovins positional dbplaenent cau*d bt lopognpnic Elief ton lhe input inase,

in addition to p@viding th. gmund csrdinat s lor aU pirels. lmag.s lhar hav€ b€en

onhodlificd @ brned onloimgEs ihd hare. u.ifom sl€ without tnt clierdhplGn.nr(O!q 2009). Sq onhim.g6 is gondiellt @mled imasp e th.t dsh6 shom Nunifom ddcd be n.6uEd lik r nap.

Th. image M oneady geo-rfecned in $e UTM WGS84 rcne 42N but $. deaaun horianlal

e.u6y of sPoT 2.5m with 24 pocsins l.v€l wa 60 b 75 n.t 6. To inc@ rhe &co€cy

Lvcl (up ro lom.ror l*) surey for thc mlletior ofcFund C,ntol Points (CCPS), using

Tnnbb P6xRs sirh onniSTAR VBS difeEnti.l CPs, % @nduded. CCPS siE Flerion

ond pldni.g lor oplimll oul6 is done using Sdcllit. dalo in th€ omc., To ec6s CCPS sne,

G.l-lim. selflEckins 3tGm in a v€hicle is us.d which is pGsibl. usinl Trioble Temslnc

fi.ld devi.e eftsad. CCP3 aE aho coUated usins Trimbl€ T€msync nck de!i@ siiwmAfi.r @llaiion dd prGsins of field data in Triobl€ Parhfinder Omc. $ff*38, ccPs elhn usd for the g+ea.Gncing S&llitc dala. To calte d. Mpl.te *.n of tll seln€ d@

$d.s, rhe s*Ef€dcing .nd moeicing of vrious Strelhe data $en6 hde ben dd. in

Erdas lmasine eiiwe. Befoe that, ro Enole lohol vdiation of larious Salel|ne $en6,

Sat llitc imag€ enhec.henl dd @lor n.tching lechniques have dl$ don. in ERDAS lmasine

QlictBird Sal€llite d.l! *irh 0.6n pixel rc$lulion ftw G@gle Edh SonrG Nc ale u*d

lor d.n*lt populat.tonS.$.d ar6 of the sludy e!. The c@-Ef.Fncing of QuickAid

Sar.llire dara have b.en done usi.C CecrefeEnced SPOT 2.sm Satellit im.g..

Ov.r o p.riod oftime, a ldg. volone ofgesBphic infolfuio is g.tfi.ed dd moy ofwhich

.E slor.d in pdper fomal,

othr rho Salellit dlt , p€Fr mps @ !l$ d of $e mai. $ums ol infmation for th.

d*.lo,rn€nt of ba* tup dd $5 sysn d.r.ell but nostly th.y c olndd.d, gm€trially

disroded ud nol @mplelely alailable ar one &thoritr.

Prp€r maps e above 2000 dd o.inly elle.r.d f@m SSCC al ils SITE Oina lo d€v€lop bae

n.p md es disliburid pit li.. naMt|. oln.r qgsiations @ KDA, KMC, rcO ltd SOP

PaFr nap6 t@ KDA &d (MC hat ben ued |o llll in the saps of SSCC s poFr trps fdlmdu* infomtion. Maps lon PCO have betr u*d lo develoP tdninisldive boundtid SOP

maps h4c b.en usen for 3a finsnksion pipeline coridor,

Collcrion ol rhe psFr map6. inveno.y, {.d onrcBion into digit l lomal s lhc bi8

challhge, Fi6t. rh* n.ps harc ben sqrcd in rifr fomlt ar . Eelurion of loodpi (ssEndold) using 36'wide Con|.x large fotrll hiSh Eslution 3@nr and then Focesd in

Adobe Photfthop eftwe lo coove sbiN dd unneesry infomalion. while inveniory h

main|lin d in Micrcsli Exc.l Spc!d$d. For oFimtl perfmmce of $. rcs md ihet runh.r

ue ft( lh. d*lAmsn of ClS. ln. Fsesed sdn d n.ps hav. hdn $vcd in iif lomrl d I

ln oder |o pcpaE snned nap3 lb. digitiadon oagoedphic fe{u6, @l world coodin.l.s

h6 b€€n si$e<t $ough 8*df.dcins tehniqrc in Arccls soiue 6ins sPoT 2.5n

@lutm S.ltllite ibta in UTM WCS84 Zonc 42N C@rdi te sysrcn

Topostuphisl sh€ets d€ d€leloped and povided by SOP v{ious Sov.dnent agencGs .nd

o$er iistiturioos pMhase lhm lor deir oM purposs. Pluning & Dcv.loPnent depanneft of

sscc.le u* ropogi?thi..l shels mainly for gs rEnmision.etwk TopogEphic.l sheG

@ main[in.<t rhftusi ind.r dd eiid srstdn of g@SEphic @dtanat s (longirude ad l.titod.).

To find od 6e ss ttusi$ion piFlin. 6didor, g*rcf.dcing ol m.d loposFphial

shcets is dde b! using th€ir os grid sysen using ArcClS Soft*G. Individul g.o_rcfeEnced

ropogdphical shets hrve ber trcnslomed ihto UTM wcs34 zone 42N coordinat syslem

dd lhcn moeick d i. one @mpl.rc sc.n using ERDAS Imagin. SonwaE

a6€r gedcreMcing, n is.ol€d lhal $e inaaud.y ofbpogEphic.l shels l€aruds w$ above

2oO nerer. il comped with properly geGEleenced SPOT 2 5m s8rellile imase. but th€v were

wry uFlul for lh. id. inc,tion oftdsnisio Pip.lin cmidordie y on ihe Satllile dala ro

@ndlct cPs brsed fi.ld su@y.

,1.2.4 Clobtl Pditionins Sy3r.h (CPs)

v.rious tmnsmissis pip.lin€s d rou$ly marted on topoeBphic.l shel' ot sdl. of l:50,000,

Th* lopolnphi@l sh.s have ,le ben collccd. sned ed eved in ft l@d ar tEsolutiod oa l5or'ri for furlher use b develoD GlS.

cPS meslenents d€ nd 6 accoEt 6 smund sure, m6uehdl5 bur cm 6!.r hrger

*as st lower cosrc, Howfler. diflerential coNlion technology with loown b.se poinl can

imeove the honrcnEl s.d vdi€al ecuEy of a loc.tion up 10 c.ntimder level

lr *as very difficlh b slu! local be sEtion lor difeeniial CPS| lh@lorc' Trimble PtuXRS

CPS with OmniSTAR Sa&llite ditleential corEcdon sryice w6s used for lhe.ollcction of the

ti.ld d.r!. OmniSTAR snic Drcrid.s @hime OitTc@ri.l CPS tsnioning tilhour the need

lor o l@l basabrion dd adios. OmniSTAR is t widc_oM dif.Ential CPS *ei@. using

Sotellne bioadcast t(hniqu€s, with worldwide covedge, 70 Eacence sraiions arcund the globe.

oovidesthe lev.Ls of ecudy for Dif€rcntial GPs: OnniSTAR VSS (sub_metet),

OnniSTAR XP (.boul 15 emimdd wilh op.n sty and d hour of dnti.ools lmk) md

onniSTAR HP {unds l 0 entimd.t) OmisTAR VBs sdie is nucb cnqPer thu $e o6er

In Palica, be&e of a l.e! dbr..e frw EfcMe $arionsr tlE horimEl eudy of

OnniSTAR VBS Difredtid CPS is 1.5 to 2r.ldr ed vcniql 3 ro 4@tcr. Fi.ld d^a

dictiohary md posl pnssing fi€ld d.t is done in Trimbl€ Padfind.r Offe soieN,

Following d.r. urinS Trimbl. PoXRS CPS hs ben ollcted dii.dly ftum lhe greund.

l) GCPS for ge-ref@nciig of SPOT 2.J nei.! eelution S.Ll|ne da& to inprcle ils

horizonlll ecu@y up ro l0 i.rqs l€s2) Bacnm.*s fs dwins of lresisio piFlic @lin. lile KM posr, tuni.g points

wnerc ground benchndk is no{ a€ilobL. CPs Points bav. bd @ll6tld ai a disla.€

of Qudt r KM ed .or€d $ virtual benchmsrk.

3) (}s v!|rc (mscrcy vrlw. s.s intes.nim poinr, ea d.liv.ry poino 4d SMS lMimoltrasmission piteli.e,

4) TBS, PRS lo..tims of disrribltid piFIim ndm . v3lv. lealioN of dislribution

piFlirc n.nrork h.w ben @llded fM FF mP'

Fi.ld veritqtion ol the landus dala hs h..h don€ by olleclins 40,000 landndks alons lhe

majd Md hinor olrls wilt in lh. b!il1-up atE $ing Mtg€lls Cold Mqidir hsdh€ld CPS

P.p.r nap6 or Slrcllite i'Dse ro bc Babl. in ClS, n€ed @@id inro disiill fonn4 nor

litelt veb lom- This Dr!,6 is @m@ly €ll.d s disidzdio or v4lniation Digiritng is

usu.lly done mouslly shich is g.nduy tin6@.s@ih& Thef is norc thm one kind of

digitizins 1echniqu6 bnt'd4cp., .liaitizinq h6 ts us.d in dis study. In on-srem

digirizxim t4hihc, tne 94n d p.pc. nap6 o. slr.llite i.!gp G di$l.y.d 6 t @9urer

$M ud 6h g@gEphic laruE is dEM Gi.8 . ioe-

Exu&1ion ol if,fomdion fo. "AeM.p" dd Gssyn4" d.trett lhrcu8! Gtoridionp@ss ws tne biggest tasl. AutdAD provid6 nuch ben* ldh dd sp€€d for vdonzadon

dher thd ArcClS. Following f{t!F cldes which 'tquiEs

massive Mou.r ol work od hs

becn crcar€d in AuroCAD:

t) "BNMap" dstsrL " Lande'loc*"6. "Ro4dNerwrt"

2) cas.t/n.' 'dd&*t

^. CdDiehbdionlire"

lnfomatio ut b hous.iold lecl ld vdious l@lili6 lor "t drd,hr" lanuE clN is

lv.ilable. bnt vetotaaiio. at thal level is nol requiRd fo.lhis sludv. Hower, s.eet oi block

l.v.l vectorianioh t€chniqu* h!v. b€m ad.pt d for extEolio. of infomdion ior landus

napping s shos in FiglE 4-3(r) sd !t-3O).

Beforc srartins vectorialion. $e rcquiEd dala hy€6 htve beq csted in AutoCAD 2000, Co_

Gl:rcnced S.r.lh. d.la dd snn d pot r maps.E imponed in $en 6p€cliv. lareu The

Irg. d.nr ol tn 8*ef€M* sncd papa nlps od thcir b!ill-i. Cpon€tri4l €|rc aNhurdls for th.ir proF. sup.rimpositid on th. Sall'ite dal! H@€.' rubbs-shdting

t chnique hd b..n u*d on sm.ll porlions of the prpef maps lo irctle thcs etros lbt

Th* ddsely populared md ongested a6 $ich @ .ot cldlv visible, cvcn d high

ft$lulioh salellite dart. n ve be.n vecloriad b] jusl nxi.g or rubbcdhedins lhe $dned paP€r

mps at $en.omd.dges on fte eGuit dat4

AECIS povides all onv6ion lots fton cAD b CIS; thGlore dll <t!t! vstorized in

AuroCAD h6 b.en dnedly imponcd ed lhen loadcd in CIS fofmar in den sp.clive fsluF

Dln for.fl othcr fotlr clNs ot BeMq ad C6s)rrer" dnasels haw ben cEa&d

diEcrl, in arcOIS besd on infom6tion owil.bl. ion satellire dat , hsrdopy m.ps snd CPS

Ttusnhsion pip.line centerli.B ha!. ben d*€lopcd by joiiing KM losts Ituiig Poihls

Pipeline Crwk$ , Main valv. .4$enbt . d4 Salcs ,t&/d' S,zro, collec&d rhough cPs

Totofog/ ruf6 fik M6, td c&t/ap,M6t Nd EN Da,sls ad MustMt how Pvudos

d/4 hsve bd appli.d lo rcnove diny &e6 in lhe f.ature clrss.

Non p @ r.ilabl. b dd.lop 8!s "trl'ts;{p, fct(uEcls. All infm.rion a asilabl€

on Micbeli Exel SD€dsb*1. With lhe h.b ol SSCC.S oftcillx etellic &r. .trd olhg

supponing ha'&op! maps, 86 ,ili,,s,4r,a" f..turc cl6s h6 b..n c@ted i. A!cOIS G6

"8 lkgRegin", Bili,szone sd Billing,Subze f€aru6d$s h.ve b€en d.rcloped by

m'8ing li.rusof ,,rl-,rs,,tEa faruc cla$ using D,istw d!t! mlysisrot of ArEGls.

Figu€ 4,3(a): SteetTblek l*.1 vdondion t .hhique in Fedcr.l a' AE!, K4&hi

Fisle4.3(b): St@tBlek LevelLandu* ClNificalion in lcdedl'B Aca, KaEchi

Source: Figue 5.1

Tdsmitsion pipeline @didot hs b€cn develoFd usins ArcClS a4&f 1@l b:" defini4 rigfil

and left 3id. dis$ce fo6 pipelin€ csnrerline Tne coriidor *idlh inlomalion hss be.n provided

by planning & ddeloph. depanmenlolsscc.

Dhrriburion moins should be d6\n st lheit .ctutl locdlions bu! due lo dcmachmen$ dilnies

in l&dusc a.d rime limir.rioni n *.s not pcsible lo dEs s6 distibution lin$ 3t m exocl

disdce loo $e lmd P!@l €dge. Dime.sion line $o*s diid6 bet*em fic led pdel edg'

and e6 distibution main line oh fie hddcop) maps. I loreler. lor aesthetic look ol the map, e6

dislliburion mains ha!. been vecrorized h.tueen rcad centE lin. and pa(el block kepins in

dind fie eNal rod side of the eG distibution mdins dd rhe disrde h6 h..n sho$ed usins

''Dineh:ionLine le rlre cl6s.

C6 sic. lines shich coms 8es dttribulion main dd consunei gd meres are not

availrble otr lne frtp. hcnce nor vccroriz€d Sinil.rlv. gs consuner mdc6 tre ale nol

vcctorized dnd showed in lhe gas slsrem dalsl model

lhsull.h (2009) h6 d€v€lop€d nEp fot m4o slc dislribution of popularion by in@me

grcops, b,s.d m lmd v!|u.. Kc.pihS in mind $. sme oncepl. dd to pepe cldsified

residenrial @ msp ofKaEchi egion ror 96 demlnd dalysis,land l4e ftles 0ra D R's@r

titt ktuure fadl ol rhe residential a@ lixed by B@rd of Rqenue! Cov.mment of Sindh, in

2006 h6s ben collected (cos, 2006).

4,1,6.1 Lrd \.luc Drl.

4.2.6.2 D.Dogdphicd.t

Kar.chi rcgion compris* of two cities lor 96 distribuion netsorL ie, Ciit Distict of K.rachi

6nd H.b lndusrrial T6ding Esrde (H.LT.E). Union council is the smallen admihistnlive *tup

in City Dhhct K@chi .long rith Cotonment gfu *h.ls H.I.T.E (H8b) is a c4 orsmall

Denogdphic shiislics for all Unio. Councils of Chy Districl Kdehi for year 2005 h6 been

coll.cted fon K@chi St.otcgic Msler Plon - 2020 (C.D.C.K. 2007d). {hcrcts, since no dalo

$urc. for the 2005 population of eeh cdtonment afta ol Kmchi ond H IT E (Hab) sas

rvrilalb $*fm population lor the ttu 1998 hs b€d oll4Gd frcF PoPulaion Ce.sus

(.@hi R.gional Oma .nd il hs ben calcol.t d .r fie gbwh 6t of 4 l 59/o per y€r r.r 2005

Accordingro KMP-2020. the popolado. Ctoslh.6le ofcity Distiicl Kamhi from 1998 2005

snd 2005 -2010 is 4.15% snd 4.05o/o. r€slariv.ly. Si.ce, H.|.T.E is $e neiShbodng.ity of

KaEchi Cny Disti€t. th€cfoe, efre $oMh dt h6 b..n apPliol on h

For the yce 2008. Fogulaion ld Unio. Cooncils. Cdtonndr 'ffi .nd H ITE a@ ol

KlEchi R€gion hd ben c.lculal.d allhe 8rcslh EG 014.05% per y.!r fom 2005

D.mosrcphic ooih0'b*. ued ior populaton densirJ ddl)qF

TBSS dd PR$ @ lsd to contol lhe op.r.lins D6sre (PS4 in the ga disrribudon n€Nork.

As shom in FisuE l.l. Kmchi ftgion h6 26 inle@nMled Md 103 holald 8as pE$uE

srdei al6 of gss dkributioi min nd*ork. Ddta for op€Eling sd pcsslE (PS0 l.aving

TBSS dd PRS in July 2008 has bd olldLd for Katuhi Fgion lbn SSCC *hich is us.d ro

denne Gu D^ti'ution (hEruti,8 Pnrea ,srst?t closs lor CA d.mMd aMltsis

4,2.6.3 C.r Pr6u( SrlEo Drt

Our of 87.,lOE EsD.ndnts, I1.281 esiile in high/i.dinm ris fltdaPlrimdrt in *nich 93'6%

reside ar C+4 or le$ floo6 $hile 6 4% r€side ot C+5 or abovc floo6.

,t,2.6.1 Qu6tiotrmlr. Suney Drtr

Questionmt€ be*d suivey is not the objectiv. oflhe $udy Ho*evet aulhor hs colletn

qu6rio.mirc bas.d sur.y d.r. $ich h6 bcn de ly onduced b! sscc fbn S.plcnber

2007 ro November 2008 for then indo$rial. coftnerci.led don€slic ls consumer' sufrev ho

b*n plm.d lor Ka@hi R.eion lhmusi f&e b fe- cmail nd oail tttr.m For befier

6pon* 6od $c 8as consufreN, SSCC had also announc6 piizs fiough luckv drow dner

conpl.tion of 3uoet fd rch Billingzo.. Or ofmoe thln l.l nillion sa @nsume6. olv

9.148lormsin esDons. h6 been 6eiv.d i.lhich96,314wer€relll.dtodomesac/Esidenlial

consum.s- our of96,814 foms. 87J08 hat. b€en lilled emtlv. stmPle surycv fom is gd

Dieital opy offie <ton.$ic @nsuod slPry alone litn Seogaphic lcationt in rems ofx,Y

cmrdinals (U?M Zo,? 12, WOS3{ yoJection) in Microen Exc.l Spft6&heel has ben

coll4Ed dd .xPoned n in O,$qetol,l sodltabqse 6 ArcCtS iabl€ obj(i Cl6s. ig '

To*n wi* sudcy 6uhs fo. don.sric 8as consuncr re complied in ArcGlS using Sd"ryStatisti.' 8d Frcewrcr: deudvsis l@lss sndo in annctuE _F"

As mcntioned in @tioh i.1, Billi.s Regio, k fte largBl adminisnative of g.oSraphic

boundary *her*s ,it ,a ,,tpa is th. smallest admirislEtive boundary lor every month s 96m.ir Eading g6 bill distrib! on dd sc consumption ealysis in SSCC. ThdfoF. 96cohsumpiion in (,rid weEr fot 611 Bi ing Aftar' oa Kmchi R.gion tor the financial tear200748 (Jul! 20t)7 to Jw 2u8) has be.n dllcct d fmn SSCC. H.I.T.E is onc complete

'Eillina ANa of K@hi F.eion. Ga coisudprion dal! oa donstic cusron.R hr ?t/r,s,{p/ ha hen usd tor nalunl ga slpply malysis.

c3s consumplion dalg for rhe finan i.l yet 2007.08 (Jtlr 2007 to J,B 2008 nB s6 be6

@ll6red aor 4,525 6ndonl, elared individul dm€sric consnm. Tne don€sric

consumeB @ monS 87J08 6ponden6 ofqmstionaie bar.d $Ncy s mention d in s./i,,,/,?it,/. Cas onsumplion dalo i. ( rrr Meb. ol indilidual dondic 8as consumc. ha ben

used for mlunl srs demdd nalr5is,

d2,7 Godrt be Anrih{le Etrt.y

Analysis in CIS inrolv.s both Bographic ladion lnd i.lomario. ofa fealue, sroas in le.rut

clN and dEibule lrble. Enty of ptEiP sd aeud. infmarion lor ah ed €very E@sE hic

ledllr. of all featurc cl6s6 ol Oas&rkucls Ceodaabd$ model h6 bei do.e 6 per

4.2.6.5 Cu CorrlEDriotr D.n

CIS a.alysh is . preccss ior l@king at geosdphic paltems in our dto ..d at rclalionships

betwcn lsoEs Th. actuol mclho& se E @ bc tery simpleemedn€s jusr by mlkin3 os

mp qe @ dong tnalysis- or moR compler. inrolving models rh.t minic th. real sorld by

onbining many &t. layeu (Milchcll, 1999).

CIS maltsh capabilitics especiff@ttt keyed ro rh. 3patiat r*tm. Anan.tysb fuiclion unique

ro CIS is $e orqlat op€6rioh, wheftby muhipt. daia them6 ce b. ov$tain dd rh. i.cidence

oa line rnd polygon int Fdons @ h. dcnvd. Thh gEphiul ed togicdt pM.due is us.d in

ndy vzys ro iddlify th. oGpoftl€ne betwn mutdtle dala tay€6 (Johnen, 193).Ovelay oFdion is bGiqlly done usins gop@sing lols. c@pl@sins is onc oa rhe mon

powertul omponents ol a ClS. The Bul$ poduccd by osi.g eep@ssing rook cd be

poserlul aids in reolworld dccision mskine (Mccoy, 2004),

Aial)sis on lh. d.b h$ b.a dod in rdm lmar on aollowi.g b6is:

I) A@lysis ftnclions rnh v*ior bas.d OIS dc nol oune dE $m. a si$ do cIS.

Vector CIS oFmtions .rc nore a*urale @mpdftd !o 6slq CIS (Krishno 2002).

2) vector da|, is hore naplite $m rasr.r dari. V.dor gpographic d.ta h moe &cudedd crcdibl. fid th. 6r&. v*ror disphys G. ale noe plsins to th..ye, ft is rery

hign ts|(ion supporl hi8n spatial duay. ft ha sdage rivdbA6. Th€ edealFrblic us.ll! ud.Grardr q't'ar is shown d thc nap (Davi!. ?001 ).

3) Dot cm be repr.senled in ns onginal esoluiion od aom without s.n.dliatio.. Since

nostdot is in th€ v.cbr fom, ho dat conr.sionisEquiEd(Copi.tal..2008).

'veror Ovedar'. Summry srdiqi6', loin Field. Join Dob,.nd Fi€ld Calculdoa rmlsof

ArcCIS hsv. b€.n us.d for d.to ml's's whclg ClNili&rion Schd.s dd Synbologt

Tchniqus for fdurc cl6s hlve h.€. u$d lor nap p'ldudion-

For analysn work of thh srud!, celonfrenb lnd H.|,T.E (Hab To*n) arcs aE m€rged in

' CiryDerid Unio* ouncil ter!rc c|€s.

a.Ir knda A!.bsi.

Lodu€ Arllysi3 hs be€. ,erfoned 6 LatuuseAbct fe.aft cls ro sgrcgsr. rcsid€mial

lE ftm oth.r typ6 of lude. Elcn pel bldk in rhc 'ra!r'ett&t ' farw cls hs iG

M lddu$ cl6 ed d*iplio. a pq Talle 4.1(o), dms *irh it3 l@rim in Lms ol 'Udz,

T.bl.t.l(.): Lrdw Chs ud D6cril'ri6

cs

IM IndBrial {d MmlfadrrinrAER AnVcultd. Ent€rtainmcnt ed R6rddonLRRC t v Rir R6idotial, aid Lnw Rie R6id.n1i.l qitn Comnwid

HMRC H igh/M.dium R6id€nti.l si$ Commmicl S.RiesAsicultuF, FoEst! ed Frming

MFS Memv6 Focat ed SIMDAPOBL Buill-up Opo/B3@ L.td, Potcntid Boilt{t op.n/Bm tind,

ircludim Roadwy&litr@dNBOBL \on Buill-up ODer/Bm Ldd includrns Rods.,/Railm.dECPHR Edu@rion, Govemnen! Poblic AdninislBlid, H@lth C@, R.ligious

TCIU Tm.D.rurion, Cmnunic{i.n! lntorruiio Dd Utlilid

A Dajor leduse bl@k which slso conbins vdiou! o1her sub lddusc cl4ss witnin iK bounda.y

hs be. cl4ifi.d 6 sinsL lddus t$.. Lit 'UniE6ity of Kc8hi' whi.h @nlains

.nkftinmcnq .ducdimal. 6kloti.l ed orhcr ..rivni6, ha bcn 6Nid.Ei in 'ECPHR'

l6de ctN Ho$vr, 6idqli.! !B ltaE ben $gcgot€d fiom .uch type of landu$ blmts

s rs ro use for ga dehand amlysis in 6idmli.l r@ of Ka@hi Fgion.

|.]sing s U,hw Feoturc' synbology t*lmiq*. hndE n p hs bcen d€doFd a illusrded

in Figm 5-1. Two ledus cles ZXXC sd 'EMXC h.v. bcn shom 6 rin8l. IeduF

cls, i.e.. Resiiential, atul Restule ial with Connerti.l S.tuir. .

By d.fault, ArcClS cR.r6 rt ,/r /rea fi€ld in polygon fanue clas. To lind totot lEa for

@hlmdecls, ltlrmry.tzrrs/t r'dat nllysis t@l hd b€.n ued, lt/r.tpe_,{Eu lield h6bee. usd 6 .sralirr,6 Ficl/ *h.Es 'Za,r'b?( /a.ir' is usd 6 (a! FDrr''md o(nplr d.r.!

has ben saled in ne* tlblc ss 't akd6rcla*-Total.4rea'.

ln Landw( l6s Tota|,{tud \tbl., ZmC nd /,XXC' landue cles have hen combin d

in one 6i&nri.l cl6. ie., tlXC,tURC .

Forcompilation ofveiousdndlysis including landus clsses ai Town or UC level, lt aral.,to,,

Owtal g.oprocsinB tunction has be. pqfom.d lo spatiallyjoin UCNatu: Ucltol sd'T6 Nehe talds ot CityDis|ictu"ioncouncil |ctt!rt cl* v'tth la&le&loc, f.^!tclas. Na qlput featuF cl6s ha ben sved a U(' &,r'@al&l :

,IXC'.nd I/RRC'lsnduse clases have ben Gcoded as Ilx(:tMRc' in new ncld

'La,lle< lassRc BinE Field ('aL!lar,r', whil. other lmdE cles aoaioed the she,

TaLl,l€ 4,1(blr R.Coded valucs ofRdidmlial tadue Cls

LRRC.HMRC Residentidl, dd R6id.nli.l rilh Comm.rciol

HMRC LRRC.HMRC R.sidddal, dd R6idcntirl with Conmcrcial

Finolly. S!,Dary.9zrsr.r datr .nrlysis tool h.s bcn used lot U( IaturttuBtoc* t 6turc

cfN- D€ldlt Shlpe_AE! lield is r*d 6 itl,?ir',,iJ F,,A'$heEa La"dueClas, a".1

'aov,Ihm fieldr @ u$d 6 C@ Fird dd olnpd d!r. h6 bdn sv.d in new bble obj..l

.lsss hr', Ian.lealas Lrdl-/zd". R.suhs h.v. b€n sho*n in Table 5. |.

R.sidmial ma mr)sis h6 b@n perfomsn ro find dr brat etddiat M tuotinldt'?rr'.d/) at UC coucil leEl ed aor funher us in popuhdon dhsiry @d e6 {t€med $pptJ

Mosttr. Reside,tial vith CMwr.tal.tsrrte blitdings in K@chi Reeion aE atmg rhe major

bsds lnd it Ms not posible in rhh sludy ro rpa6l. then fon 'ZRta'dd sMiC,lodusclases, ThercfoE, drhoi h6 considercd lL{( and tMiC loduse clases as ! rcsidential

rsing Setect br Anihae qtery fun.tion, r,{.{( .nd tMx( caidenlial loduse clses have

b..n slected rom ^UC Za,la"a&cl" fearuG cl6s a l th.n alt selsten peb olong wnh rtlattibure t ble infomalion erponed inro ncw leluc cl.$ !s Zz,lt$rBloctResidetuiat

ln lrr leBlE*Residedial laF cl6s. using Zarrnor'field. U,.t code h6 b€a hgg.d

*iih tXX( md ttM C lodu* cles of utu€. @ dd Cr' code h6 bcn bAA€d $irh

tXX( l&doe da of Villogdcod. ar7' .nd 'Ol rpcsn$ u.bdn @ fld Villagolco$.

cspedively 6 shoM in Table 4.2.

Iable,1.2 |oorDn wN ReLoded Volu.iofReriden alL.ndu*L tu,

4..',2 Rsidetr.irl AE A!.lrsiibyTy!f,

lrbBn-Lor Ri$ Re,idenrial AeaHMRC.UA Lr.ban-Hich/Mediuh Rise Residendal AEa

villasercorh.Lo$ Rhe R$idenial A@

Using z Uhiq@ Feature' stnbolosy l(hniqB, rcsiddial @o mlp hrs ben develop€d at

During licld sNey ol rMdnark fo. ve.in€rion and corelion oa -Latul6.Blct- G^ire ctss

dob. n hs bcen obsBed bj- author that 6 an .veEg. Ka@hi Resion hs No srory esidential

buildinss (O + /) ,nd one story Gidorial building (C*ar) in TxlC lsdls cl6s of ulbd &dVillagdcolh aEa 6pdriv.ly, while in HMRC lode of urba. aF{, flolvapann.nrs h.ve

C;+J noos. in which gmud n@r is usd aor @mm.rcid purposd md o$e. mE .rc used lor

Esiddrial pulpo$s. h h al$ obsered lhot .s ov.Bge flals/spartn€nb oa c;+J flooN do not

have connercial erivities. R€suhs of sedion a,2.6.a for nolt/apadments lls jusrilt rhis

Brs€d d th* ob*a^i6n\ 'adonlahdleBletslepeApa ff.ld hs b..n .6r.d in.LrndeAloc,Retidadiul lanoE cl6s md .* p@l am na ben slculd.d lsine Field

Calcullloi. Thc de&ult Sr,re_-,rreo for *h pm.l of LRRC U,l dd ltMl(|r7 l&dusclses h6 bffi nultiplied by 2 dd,l especrir.ly. whc@ 'LXXC-6'/ laiduse h6 nol ben

Srrrar- S/arirri.r' analysis 16l ha b*n t rfomcd on landwBlo.kR.sidcrtiul Larwe

cLs ro cslculat lh. rdal aM of II*C od HMXC ledE doss in squ@ met r in ahuni6 Corncil, CwkDb,.lwElstshopAde fi.ld h6 ba u*d 6 'Sbtisrics Field'

wh€t6 'U(tftl UCNo, ToBnN@ . 'I?dreclas. lodro, hat. b..n usd d'c6e Fierd, sd ourpur bbr€ bd b*n *rA as UC_LandeDlEtResid.ntial robLtea .

,1.3.3 Rsid.nti.l Ar€s Ch$ Analysb by L.id v.luc

R€sidential area clN ealysis ha been pe.fomed on L/d,ss gl@kResidential t afirc clson th€ hasis oa lond viluc p€r sq!@ tdd.

Tte lee 6ls olfi. llnd i. K@hi R.sion .E fi*d for diff*nl lG|nics. Ale. th.y !EdilleMt for diffeEnt la.duse like Esidenlll bujlt-up, rcsid.ntial open. omncrci.l buih-up,

commercial ope.. industrial buih-up ed induslridl op.n,

Two ne$ fi€lds Lo.ality,rd.Ires znd lulyalrc' have ben crcard in

''btultyBktkR*td.htial faruF cl6s. Each pa@l h6 b€en populrred wirh its

Zd,r',lr,.ldlrrsr' 6 p6 following esmpls.

- Blotk 20, Fedaml B lea- Phae U Dqjiw HowinEsocietl

- Sztur 1t-4, North Ktutn

ften. bd*'J or 'Ldaliry,kdres infoMion, ciddid boin{p lsd value in Rups per

Squdc Y.d has h€en uscd tor 4h o@.!in landyotu neu-

B!*n on knd volu., Esid.nlirl ea have be€n clasifrld in four catcgoris s shou. in Tabl.

4.3 and these cles h6ve b.€n defineJin rew R.n.le"tialApaclas fi.ld,

T.Dl. 4.lr Rdid€ntial AM CIA$ B.!.d on Ldd v.luc

(R!p€ p.r Sq!.rc Yrd)Lor.r Cls Residehtial ARa

2001 3500 1o".. Middle Clss R6idenlt50l - 5000 Uppq Middl. clas Resid.nt

Hirh CIN Rsid€mial a@

Usine t Uhiqre Feattd sytbolos, te.hniqu., clasifi€d Bidcndal ea tu, h6 ben

&v.lopcd as sh6h in FiguE 5,4.

.lJ.a C$ openlitrg PBure St5l€o Anlyli

Ca plsuE s)sl3m &llysis hs ben pqfonied fi6r o, gs din ibuti@ maiN nd dEn th.

Gullcnr cllss have be.n d.fi!.d i6 L"Ab.BlockRetid..tial k*tG .16s.

Not Elle.as or l@.liti6 in KaehiRegion illfillthen{bily eneey Equiencnt fiouch natuml

g.s 3upply network. Analyrb lor s6 ptlss sFtd h6 b€h Frlomed in thos Bid€ntial

.6 whft rutwl 86 is suppli.d tn&(gh sB distljbuion m.ins. Whcn th.E c no g6

dhriburio. mains in rhe r..r. ir ods lhal ea u* odrr ids ofcn.re/ supplr. ln lhis study,

thce .6 e temed 6 No NatuEl Ca e6i

C,r'Ivailab,/,?e fi.ld h6 b6n cearen i^ LandeBlocL^esid..tial fcaruc clrs ed ,llFch *n p 8s distriburion mains pN i. rh.n.dj@.t sfeers nry. b€d popula&d d 'I"J'.

wh* $ft is tu !3. di$.ihni@ nain in dE stn r thc adj@r poruls h.v€ bcn poFll.td 6

M*n eas pEsure (r',t4 for ,,,.t ,,,?.ted gas prcssurc system h6 been calculded fom lhe

&turl gas pcser$ l..vin! Tnretu ecl€d TBSS dd popuhed in eDAoptuinEPresw

fierd lor CA di3t ibufion m.ins ol InterconE.ted gB p@urc sysm. Aclual g$ p6urc hsb€en popuh&d to grs dbtliburion dains of ,r,/d,.d g,3 pltga sFten.

Usjne Seled by Axnb,ne quqr fuclion. Gdt Distribution ltlatu hlvc bc. elcrel non

'AtsDistributio"Lire" tedr!ft cls ad th.n cll $l.cted piDelires llons vith all anriblte rable

infomalion exported into ndw fqrurc cl$s as Co,DierihutidMain .

As sboM in Figure 4.,(a), Es disrribution mains pe$ur€ sycfl nap ha b..n dev.loD€d

atplyins D.Jin l /,,?ral clNifidim *nn on CDAopeai"aPrcw li.ld''C6DisnbaiMvain fdi'uE.ls.

Based on eas opeming pE$lEi e$ dhtnburioi mains bav€ b.€h ft.ldsined inlo four

oregod€s (Table 4.41 .nd fics cl.sss ae defincd in n w CaropetuiuPtusureSynenclass

Tlbl€ 4.4: C6 ODdin3 PE$uc Cl.s ir C6 Dislriborion Maine

Gsop.dtlngPBur.sFt rcl.$

7-1415 2l Hich

Ay .Dplying UhiqE F.dmclGsified 96 oFdins pesue

synborog t*hniq!. on GD,ropeainEPresurc{lds n.b-map ha b€n d.v.lop€d 6 slow in Fisue 4.4(b).

Sinilaly, just lik GaDbtibttionMab fatuE cla{ CdP's@S),r,.r','(;DAopctatlqPm {d CeQgeataPEwrc$ruarcl* fi.lds hlw ben @t d in

"Iz1d@8loct?etld.'1id tuntc da FiDlly' th. infornarim fo. ..dr Frl bl@l (h8itrg

g.s spply) h6 bd popllar.d in lhe nq li.lds uing $. .rtibut6 of idjeit ea<lisiibulion msiNof CasD&r/iDrtidt air" fdtur. cls.

Usins th. Vrrtp Fd@ symbololt t dhiqu., cla!i6.d n+ ftr ga Fwc lysrqn in

6idnti.l '6 lE ben p|.9d!d s drM in FigsE 5.5.

:

Ia

ta

,riiii,,,.,,-i

9 Ee i' 13 Fio&fio-E i

I'l\

tE

.i Br

I

:,i:

it';i::-l

:!:: 9t E!:.i7 1t!-:=i iii;

aj.s PoplhfEn D.nrity A!.lt!ir

Popul ion d.nsity aalysis ha b. n Fl|ored on Landwalo.tR.lLlertial |.auft clas p.t

squ.ft n.r.r to find our con .ntElio ofpopul.rion dkriburid in r{@hi Rcgid,

NeeFi.ld lorr.nit?0@ h6 b.a qc^.d ii LandwBlutResid.,,ral f..lua.ls.

Uni@ Concil wis totll Esid.nti.l rM h6 bc.n c.lcular.d using Summsry Sr.ricica d.lFitr@l on Lan^&gutResi.kddt lstrG clB. adMlatdue ershaperea ticld

^abcn oed $ Sr4iJln F,elr' wn t6 oly UCtro fi.ld ha b..tr us.d 6 C.e FieLl, ddoplrhbf.hb b.d ev.d Uc_lddR.sid.kndlfta ".

'.r,,' &ra tehniqE, lring UCdo a chnM .nriburc r.blc licld, ha he6 lppli.d on

'' LodwBloctlesi.Ldial lare cls eibutc ..bl. lor hporry .v.ihbiliry ol ?qplro3

.tn TotdCu MLqrAw uts,tpeArea tcldt ol Citutuidu,iottoukil ..ttuc clatA UC Iotol|.sid.rieqree arlriborc trbl6, clddvely. lor populdion {hsry akddio.

Potufarion d.nsity of $. 6iddli.l !R in tr't hs b..n 6lculd.d ltins Fi.ld CaLulott an

' P op De,sity 2 UN fi cB @nine ro follo*in8 fomuh:

Poplldion D.nsiry {Fr /)Toril UC R.sid.nd.l Ad (.{t)

As 3hoM i. Figlc 5-Eld. popul.tion dnsny me lE b€d d.v.lop.d usirs E{ul Inledll'cfssilisrion $h.mc using '/opDr6it?01]a fi.1d oa la,.lu9Blo.tResid.ntial |.Nrc cls.

Bt ,eplyin9 Unhw F.eture' t dbolosy ldhniqu., claiifi.d popul.rion d.nrity mcp h6 b..n

dev€loFed sordin8 ro Tlblc 4.5 dd i3 shoqn in Fis@ 5.8(b). Popularid d.nsily d6s hove

tun d.nnd in ne* PopD.nntr2008cl6s n.A.

Table4.5 Populorion Oosil) Class. 2008

0.01(x)0r - 0.1m0000 r@oot .0.1400@ Hilh0.t40fl)t -0.1800@

Sourc: c@puGd by Adnor

43.6 Ga lt e.nd A!.lyris

Naturdl 86 demand al UC l€vel is d.temi.ed ii followinB lour major slaBes:

L Pd .o8m.r/tur ea ddrnd b4ed on Restulzdiol,lnaclatr' {d' C a s Ope ru ! i nEP re s m Sf ee n C le $ .

2. Rsid.tuia^reaclos ai* .rts9. pcr @r@r4par g6 demmd.

3. Ga dena.d dnsiq by ctc,ig Irs d.ndd by A6i.le.taure&ass vit!1

4. Fi..lfy, Uc wis gs dened dqsiry .g!r.!nion by cmsine RestuteditlAre&e$'

a"d PopDe8i4l'1^! li. *Ihn ttu UC houhdd4

To &hicv. f6r stlge, Fied Calc,latot hts ten !s.d ro .onbine two €xistins fi.lds. ls.,

'Gaopruti"ePresMEeenclass tn4 RestdertiaUpaclass in n.w

'Ca{o$undtudetAroq field of Lodtseal@kRelide,ttial ' f€otuE class. As per Table

4,6. 14 cles h.!. ben gfleEled ior p.r @,sa@r,r€af 8s demnd ml)sis.

For th* p.rels which hare ,Vo' .nribur. i. Cd.lw,/,n/,-,t fi€14 lfribotcs oa n.Gtftignborltod p@ls h!re ben NigDed in C,{aeels,ro}Ctur9. This ha only b..n

done in od.r ro show dE spsrill disrributim of Mr@l gs dcmdd in nr'E Keeh' r€gion.

Tabl. 4.6: C6 CoNund sney coup Clas in R*id.nrilt A@

S. No.

I LCP.LCRG low Gs PEssure - Lo$erCl6 R€side.dalAaa2 LCP.UM(RO Low C6 P6ua. UDGI Middle cla R6idential A@I MCP.HCRC M.diun Gs Pl.gF. Hi{n CIN R6idmli.l A@

MCP.LCRC Medium CG PlcgE - LM C ls Rdiddli.l A@5 MCP.LMCRG M.diun G6 Pc$E. Losd Middl€ cl6 RsidddllAM

MGP'UMCRC Mediun Gd Prcsur . UD@ Middle Clas Rsiddrial A@HCP.HCRC Hish C6 PEs5uG - Hish CIN Residorial Ad

8 HGP. LCRC Hich Cd PressuE - Lower Cles R€sidentisl ArcoHCP.LMCRO Hish Cs PE$uG - Low€r Middle Cla Rcsidential A@

t0 HCP'UMCRC Hth Ca Pl6uF . Upp.r M iddle clN R.sid€ndal AF!VHCP.HCRO V.ry High c4 Prc$lE - Hidr Cls Rdidoti.l A@

It VHCP.LCRC vcn Hidr Cs PEsuc - t w6 cl4 Rsidmlial Amtl VHGP.LMCRG V.r! H ish ca PrsuF - Low Middlc Clss Rhidd'ial A@

VHGP UMCRG V.rJ Hi*hu6PrsuE-l DDer Mddle Cl.s3 Re\idnttul A@

'Uniqu. Feattp srfh.logt t chnique h6 ben cpplied o. Gascontun rgnetctutp neld

!o d.v.lop 8a onsh.r sudey goup @ nap a show. in F guE 4.514),

As disclss.d in sedion 4.2.6.a, X,Y mrdinar.s fDm "6arc,6!@/Sl@/ kbk have tenled ro l@te domesric .oftumes Sseophically on lhe ftap along with olrcody atL*hcd

artributB. This h6 bcn don. 6ing Arc€lS 7dr',Yv Dzr,'lool.

5,000 ss @m!o6 has ben slct d mdomly thouglier lhe Kamhi Rcgion dd std 6nes (i6coew icdtio"l te.tue clN. 475 coNum.u epon d ic8!1.. merer rc5ding or

lo* g.s prcssuEt theEfor. they have been delet d frcm the f€otue cl6s,

Ne* ft ld Aas{Nnptid2q'4 'hs b.€n cst d in Odcoa,t.tte,rb,l f@luE.las

dd 4525 dmsric @nsunc6 n ve bei populd.d wifi $cir e6 @n{mpdM for lhe iindcial

t6t 2@7-0a Uub 2007 to Jme 2003). Fisurc 4-5(b) sho*s ldrions of 4,525 don.stic

f

-Jtu. 2

-C\ I

i1'1

,itti ll

,.rt!i; ic!

::- ::; l!:i za

2-

31

: ia

! "t

,. :,1

i,ii,rliii';!iii:::;lli:i:;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillE lllll

{t,}

) i'.1l

rfrB"

r{'-Y:

-'i.

:

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I

4

:

":ij:

:l1tq+ i=e :lso r:t

t:.::

ll t I

!:!:!: i:..ltii;lr,ii!!::ii,

iiiil!!!;lt r

Sryti'l Join Ov af gop@sing tunclion ha ben used

A4c^rdesuryy'ircup It|il of LadLeglociResidentint

'Aosco^unetLocationl leatur .la$ rnd rhe oulput fedture clas

'A6co,ttturLcotionz

Cas co.sumer suryey stulp whe per consumo gs dened in fl€e hls beo calcol.tcd in

followinsthde3t-tsbyutinS ll,r,ary.S,ar,$.s malysis t@l..d FEtdCalelator':

L Ave6ge 8as consunption has been calculoi€d b$ed on adttldtd and

'c^Cffin-SlNl3tu'P ed oulput dar! hs b.€n w.d s" Co6 utufi;Bco"Mprion I tahle.

2. Tot l s$ @nenption in ,# dd bbl nunbcr or ga @nsum6 h.rc ben c.lculared

b6$d o. GAc,,.sue"!rutCtu@ in CoNuneK;a{MmPtrb,/" bble dd rhe

ourpu dda hls be.n ssved as ( usune&.t(o"sunptlon2 t^ble

h6 bdpd .o,s,'e'&ar oi $e b6is''Consuda{}asco"tutuPtioh2 tdbleand gA demand

'Cos<oeneAttutctutp is c.lculaled by .pplrinS

'UasDedakdlefrrhun r

PCCDTCC_GCSCTC CCSC

PCCD = TCC_CCSC /TC GCSC

per consumer c6 D.m.nd (nareu')Tolal cos Consumplion by Gas Consumer Suo.y Grcup

Tot:l CoNuo6 bt C6 Cdsun€r Sufret Coup

N.rl step is to find lvem8e naural gd demand Fr consumq in #&dr bv

'Relid.dialAftuclass ^ssno||n

inTtbl.57ofsctio.534lh.elculalionhdbenmadebv

lrdSina gs d.ddd by o6ao8werstry'<;nuP n \ingtm. cidcntial aM cls lstng

',Srrnary,tdlntt.r' analysis t@1.

Cc dcm..d deisity Fr ir't hs bcn crlcul.d uling FieA Cabultur' hy s{plyie sinlhfodula in nw 'G6&rd,// fi.146f Ltul6.Blo.tResi.letuial k^rftcls.

CDD-RAC&PD

rcAOD

CDD_MC&PD = PD X PCACD

C6 ndMd D€nsity by R6id€nti.l Ad CIN riPopllaaoi Desny (F,lt. h ,if6€ar)Popll{ion Dqsn) (F.r,|f rps Con,umer A!ed8. C$ DMdd (,rf J!,f)

Finallt. UC ei* ErG dcndd densily .ggES8lion h6 b..n don€ by clNine'Aesi.lefliaUrcaclos a,l PopDeLeitcLL$ |i. vittin tlc Lk: boudary. For rl1is, Fi.ld

Calculea ts b€tr urd to ombin. arrjbub of tnr qining fi.lds, te, t-ralNo',

'UcNo_Resclas PopDe$it (las I As a Fsolt totll 333 nil eroups have been eeneded 6

usins "tlr'ury Srdt:'r?r'M.l!5is t@1, bral @ !.d las d..Md ha bcn €lcular€d fs @h'UcNo,ies{l6s PopDensi*las! ANp ^d

UCN' ReflAs Pop&uiD4u$ lhe $3dendd densiry hd ben calcul.ted by applyin! lollowing simple iomula ed fie esoltlnt

lallca h.v. b... app.nd€d with ii re|| frcld. i.e., easItnonA2 .( LdndeBlo*Resi.le,ttial

UC-CDD-MC&PDC =

UC-COD RAC&PDC

TGD-UC-RAC&PDC

TA-UC-RAC&PDC

TCD UC MC&PDC /TA UC RAC&PDC'G6 D€mhd

UC Gs D.ndd Dqsiry b: R6, Cla .nd Populationtr.Biry Cl6 {p.r lf, in ,f4€a')Tord C6 Detud by uc No.. Rsid.nlill A@ Cl6sand Populalion D.nsily Clas (,frral)Total Ae by UC No., R€sid€ntial 4r.6 cl6sand Populsrion Densily Clrs (,1,')

As shown in Fisure 5.9(d). cs d.mMd densny m.p hsareatr' clssifietion $h.me usiaA AasDetuhd2 n B

rsinCa Uniqte F.atuft synbtlog technique, claiiedNrdi.8 ro Tablc 4.7 ond it shM i. Figue 5.9(b). C6

rew CdDem"rcbs fiekl.

ben d.v.loped by .pplyins ,v,,,alot latufuleBle*Rzsitleitial teztrrc

86 d.naid tudp has ben develop.d

dcm.nd cles hav. ben d€nned in

Table 4.7. G$ Demdd. 2008 ud C|!*s

?.5t - 15_00

Hish

a3.7 G! S.poly h.]J6&

C6 supply @ltsis hs b*n pe.fomcd b.s.d on tot l Cd consunption oi in oih.r words gts

eipplyd.6.uilrble,,r,,s,,tp4'lcveleftntim.dinsrim4-2-65.E{!.1di*ibulionof

96 supply 10 Esidmtill lMdu$ b!6ks o. the bsh of at r,,g,iEa' bound!ry h nol justifr.d

bstue eeh At tsAsa boundfy miy hale dilf.enl residenlial @a clases ed potuhiion

d€nsily, Th.Efm, in liBr qaee, percdr.ge of to[l 86 dfldd bv Gidcnrhl @ clN ed

population d.nsity vnhin rhe ?illitE,{ua'hs ben calcutal€d dd th.n loLl 3$ sopplv vtlue in

Mi/reat tor eeh "

i,{,rrca ha3 bc.n dilided so.dihS 10 Esidential @ dd populqtion

{hnsirt wie eas dmand she. Following @ th. 3t.F 10 deremine gs supplv dositv ot Unid

'$tttial Join Orp ay seop@shg iunctio. hb ben F omed on

- Ia.lt@ElEkReside.tiel ' faw ds ro spltially join .xisring arcl4t wi$ aU tuibut t of

"Eiltina,trea feat!rc cl6s r.,. 'a,4.vcrr'. BANNdne subBtlli"azoneNm

'BiliigbneNme i^ro n w oltpul fdtuF cls, r:. . IuARetl.ntial AasD.mM8upplv"

A nes fierd gaN Rsi.kntiatareactffi fi€td hs beo cF,te<t in

'LuBRai.lential CalD.kands"pplt fearuE ctess rnd poput.ted by combinins .r,iM.,./s

rnd Rerklediol,ltut(lots fields lsing Fiell (ulcutator'_

5r,r4fr, ,trorist .r'an.lttis t$l hs been pedorm.d on "ZUr,{e side"ljal culDemnds,pti|fealu€ clas b calcolare e/N Resi.L,tioqreacl6r' gBup wi* rorat 96 denlnd.'C6Derlrdr ' field (crsted d[iry gs d€ndd ellysis) is u*d d lirartyt r Fisld. whct%'RAN Rei&,tidt,1toa( la$ ahd 'r,{tr'cirr ' fietds aE used.s.Crse Field ddrheo pu! rlbleha ben $ved 6 BAN Rqi.lentiol,lrea.tas'c6Denod". No dd, de6 have b€en

qcruded in rhis efcohtion. P.rc.\r^sc ot .&AN R6idetialApa(-/6r' wi* s6 d.nod is

calculoted using the followins simpt. lomula:

PmmbSe = TCD_aA&RACC X 100/ tCD BAN

TCD BAN

Toral C6 Demod by Biltins

Totll C.s Oemod by Bitling

A .es field. te, 'AAN Reside,tiattr.oct\t Oasstppt field h6 ben cefied in"RA^' Resir'.dirtArca(las-_GBDcnli/ rzde dd populd.d sith gs suppty dara prcvided

by sscc brsd on.ach ,,41r' x6 idcatialArua|tati s dema"dsn e.

lret, !., is to atyxrd gas supply h!LuBR.li4ential casD.kan.lsupplr' l.aturc ct.ss.

'BL\ R.\tde hqRat le$ amq b

's!rrl./&ary,id .mlysis tol h6 b€.n Frfom.d on ,Urx.sidentiat e6Demn8,nptr-feature class ro alcular€ a,{n' ,6i.tehtiatArea(la* gtuup eise rotat ses suppty Esidential

a@. artonlandusSlockshape.,tr.4 G@reds ier d di*ured in ecrion 4.3.2) is used as

',9a,isrt r Field $i@s a,l\, id.t i/zzri?r,,tBd( /a.$- is tred s .C& Fi.td. and $e ourDul

hble h.s been sved as &4N Resia.tuiatArea(lds Totalca$rrybArea No ca! acashave bcen excluded in rhisslculrtion,

r;d:suppht neft ha3 bcen credred n Lr ax..d Lat bo\D?ntnJs4rl i€ru? d^:.'BAI RlndenrcUpoLlu\r

'BAN RsidentiaUreul la# eosDeaall tuhle atu .8AN_naid.iial,lrea.to$

nrotcassLpplfArea rabl. hsv€ ba. !.mDoarily atloched *irt, .LuBtuskte iat

CasD.tuhAsuwr" teliuG c|'s ro derenine 8.s $ppl, d€.siry per squ@ md€. ii Mr&a,shich h6 b€fl calculated usinS Fiet.I Cal.uldot a€cordinB io lottowing fomula in

csD RA(&PO - l(,\ B{&RAC X t BC5A lu\A_AARAC

CSD-RAC&PD

LBCSA

Cd Supply D.Nny by R6iddid AEa Clss &Populalion Dtrsity (pct lrt . in Lf/yea4

ffijea; supplv bv Billins Arco& Resid'nrialAea crcup

kndue Blek Csrom Shdpe A@ (,tl)

:HifiuPlv A@ bv Birriu A@& Rcsidentior A@

$pply dqsiry allesarid hs ben do.'PopDensitt<la!\ lie within lhe LIC bound.ry.

UC Cs Supply Densit) by Residenthl AEa Clds fldPopul.rion D.nsity Class iper ,tt, in ,f/r!ar)T6t!lCas supply b), UC No.. Residsnrial A@ Chss &Popuhtion Densilr clas Goup (.rllwd)

tJc6sD_RCC&PDC

Using lt 'zary &ariei.r 6nalysis l@1. toiat aM dd sas supply hrs be.n cdlcul en tor qch

'U< No Resc/ds PopD.ntintlds Sreup and U(,\o x6crs p,pDe,r,4r.tu$. wie gssupply d.nsny h6 b€€. calculd€d bt applyinS lollowing sinpte fomuto ed the @trql wtu6have been rppm<red in n€! fiefd. i.e., cassupplr2 ot ^Lu,Resi.letujat_Aa,D.natutsupplr"

UCCSD RCC&PDC = 'ICS_UC_RAC&PDCC / TA Uc-RAc&pDCO = cs sqply

TA.UC RAC&PDCC Toral Arcr b! LlCNo.. Residoial Aea Clds &Populalion D.Niry Cla$ Ceup (rl)

Table 4 8 Cas Supply.)008 andCloses

t.5l ?_00

As shoM in FiguE 5.llio). 86 supply m+ h6 ben developed uina t{aturul 8rcala

claincaion $hem€ on (;6su//tr'field of .,LuBR6id.ntill CdDemddsupply a..ruE

&a.eo lrniqu F.ottp srn*'logy t.hniquc. clsill.d g6 3upply nat hd b€s d.v.lopcd

4cordi.t ro Tablc 4.8 ahd is shown i. FisuE t. I lib). Gd sopplt ctaes have b€en deiin.d in

n.* Uas.srpr('/6s field.

aJ.8 C.t Ar.iLbitfty Amly3i!

For ges shofiage analysis, neN field C^.4tuitahilit! n^s been cdaled in

' LuB&asidential GuDehantlsupplr ' leature cla$, lsinr 'Field calc atot , Bas ^rdilahit|t

hrs been calculared a.co.dins lo followinS sihple tbmuta.

Cd Availability ips n;, ii ,t/48lr) = C6 suppl, c4 Dened

liull wlws hM been 6sisred lo lo cas es.

A5 sho*n in fisurc 5.ll(ar .e availabiliry tnalFb drp h6 b€en d€velop€d usjng &lNlo AdsArailabilht neld of

' lugRtr&ntiul nu:Denondluppl! t rUre

Usinea Uniqu Futw' t f,bdog, techniq!., clllrifi.d gs avail.bili9 o.lysh mp Ficurs.ll(b) hs b€m &vdop.d @rding to Tabl.4-9. Cs .v.ihbility s.ly3is .lses have beid.fin d in.d Ge.lkilatiliialas'fi.|d.

T$1. !.q ca Avdbbihy, 200E .d clasGl^v.ll.bi|rg Gf,jar)

Null

.7.9 -4@-3.0t - -o.01

Fi8uE 4.6 d*rib. compl.t lifc clcle oIth. d.r! mod.lfornatur.t gas dcmed.nd suppty

mllsis fd k,Eni R.gion,

FigE 4.6: G6 DcMd &d Supply Analyeis Model fd K@hi R€sion

Ch$t€r a

BESSUSAO_SDCISSIS!

As sue€ded in nethodology stio|L the rehniq4 who rpplied b datMs 6ulr.d in rdioNoutcones. As pd of GIS dslysis Erious th.m.s has ben inreryEt€d dd dalyz.d and lhen

finrlly integmted in th. lin6l hler to outline gas denand and supply, Following stions will

d€sribe these Esuhs ed th.n Epreenlarions.

5.1 btrduAtr.V3it

Lddue 2n lylk i, a ket for utility plminB suh a 8.s mdas€m€nt. Wnhour complering lhe

ldduse distibuion, il trluld be diffrcuh !o impl.ment cls for sas lnnsmission ed dhuibuion

ne&o& ,nd lo analyz. sa demod ud supply.

ll is widenl ftom T.bl. J.l ed FiSuF 5.1, thlt about 86.49yo orrh€ lmd a@ in KadchiEgion

ir @!eEd by op.n/b.ftn. wd.r bodics, .8.icult!F. mSd d dd frmi.8 cctiriri.s in *nich

non builhp op€D/bam ldd (including oadsays ed tuil'lads) hd. lagd 3hlft of58.56o,4

Non brix-up open/bare. land. later bodi€s. .gricuhuF. forestry md ldning etiviries aE

srcrh€d our.sp.cirlly at the periphery of l\mchi. Tney orc m€inly found in Cadap, Bin Qaimdd Kun1m Tosft. ll i. cl€ fiDm lhe Tablc 5.I lh{ Cadap loM alone hs .11.97%. 4.34% $d1.97% of no. buih{t lod. *zrd bodi6 dd rgricoluF. loEsrry Md |.ming *dtni6EsFdiv€ly, sinc. n is fi€ ldSesr rord md h.s 57,67y. of lhe robl led aq of K@chi rgio..cadap rown includ.s th. de dedide<t lo Cith€r Nalional Palt. As conpar.d to Cadap loM.$* activitiesarc compesrively loN in Bin Qsin and Kum!6Toung

Th. Emainins 13.51%ollhe ldd 'M is ov.ftd by oth.r ldduse adivhi.s in which rsidotiala€ (cun Fsid.niirl 4a with @ndftid lciviti€s) h6 5.89plo shd !h@ds nilitory ft!,i.dusdial md ndufe|urin3. ud oth.r adivni6 h.re 2.30%. 2.,16% md 2.86% shfts ol hnd

C.D.C.K. (2007b) Eponed thn $e exining cid.ilill .M of Kgruhi cny is 16.7% (includins

fomal- infmal + Colhryilh8e e'd.ntirl a6). Tnc di,Ierne of Bidfltial @ olculaled

by author dd KSDP my be due ro rh. co.sidedio. of fonh{oning buih-up caid.nisl lEa sboilrup @a b! lhe KSDP-2020 Gp€cially in Clinon Canbnne.r in rhe eud. Culshrn-.-lqb€l

loMandMalirCantonm. aebinthenonheastpanofth€cil!.

AgglomeEtion ol rcsidential @6 in Kdachi is nrethed out in all loRns fM ciry cenrc to

culshs+H.did in *t. Su.jei in the mnh*s! Dcfoce in lhe suthwsr sd tlrwksb6y in

lhe *d whilc in H.b Town, Gidemirl M is fdnd in srhh pd or in nodh of Hrb Ritd.Major sl'a6 m aolnd in Cadap, Culshan+lqbal and Oinon Csronmenr rorns. tr.,0.85%,

0.46010 and 0.459.. dFctiv.ly (Tabl. J.l ).

Main conentnrion ofindustrisl and mffularurinS d€B is roohd in Bin Q4sim. Kunea, SITE,

Kord8i, Lodhi stul Hab toMs. TheF inclld. .isht plenen d€s: Thc Sindh lnduslrial

Tnding Eslrt or SITE in the sl (2) Tt€ W.$ Whdl Indusrrial AM in euthw.sr (l) Itet dhi Indusfti.l Tadins Edare or LITE i. sulhw6r (4) Komgi Induinal AM in surh*esr(5) Bin Q6in l.durlrill A@ in euln we$ (6) Hab lndusri.l Tdding E$ar. or H.|.T.E in

nonh$d ed {djenr ro ls@hi ciry (7) Fed.dl B Ae Indusrrial A@ dd (8) Nonh i|jBhilndusdial @a i. |h. nonh oa Ka@ni cirv.

Aboul 0.7570 of tolal tmsporration, comnutric.rion. ihfodalion dd uliliriet aclivities aE

mainly found !t $. (l) Airpon (2) Ea$ od W.$ Wharf pon €@ in euthwln dd €) Bih

Q6im Fn Ga in $urh6l

K!fuhi rcsion h4 inrignific.nr level, te. only 0.1%oapuE commcrcioland sdies&lvnis*hich m nrjnly foutul in lwo roin s6. one i. Sadd.r lo*., ale known .s old d€o or city

.en!r in so!$se$ pan, and the orher h cloe to loll ple (northedl t6n) in C6ddr rown du€ ro

newly d€velopcd !cg.$ble na.kel in noihean Kanch i.

I3.f"3

II

Ijt

tI:EII!:

{

IT

t

rriiriiitiiiill:fiiti

iiiiii|lI

tr

,flti:Iiil

irlii!l

tt{l

Anrcullue, Enlerr.innenr, Recrcltion, Educrtion,

Cdq R€li8ious landu* &riviries @ not clusl.rcd

llov€daid lhe sas dil.ibution mains linenetwo ofSSCC on rhe landuse. mosr olrh.m will be

found in residenlial sd indusldal@s,

Reidendrl AH Airl}lb by rypc

ln order b snow lhe spalill disibutio! of poDul.ri@ for n.tu6l g6 d.nand Fr squ@ n.ler, n

h nNry lo perlom oalysh to llnd out ac$al Giddrill dr on unit bsis (toddr,l +

I/er&a0 ar Unio. Council lelel *hich hs ben do. s F ndhodologJ, di$u$€d in S*ri@

4_3_2_

h ir dide nom Tlbl€ 5.2, lhlr by @Bid.rin8 v.niol cid.ndll nocruE rhe tord

Bidoriaf @ of K@hi egio hs ben incGs.d b clmd dotble. i..., t4.45 b 442.M

squ@ kjlmcler, in which Cadrp iom.m..8ed a top dkine lom, ie, I1.767c *fiemCfinon C&ro'mnt h6 higid shG ol rool 6id.di.l @ ar UC ld.l. UC Cujm, F"isal

Cfllonmflt, UC Sogal, H.b and UC MMBopn r|9 hat. mljor chunks of Gidqlill ats.

As shoM in FiguE 5.2, Frc.nl.g. ol urb.inow rie Gid.ntial @ is arrin oi rop in Clifton

cebmd( ie. 7.51% ar UC l€lcl wh.Es Faisl C!n!onm.nt. Msln Crntom€nt! Hoh.

Gujjm. MmSopif. hlad Nagd, Son$I. h.h.d Town, Pehalwe Ooth. Chusti N.gd. Nsncolony, Debli Mercherile S@ier, Union Councils.nd Hrb plme ar smnddy l.tel

UrbM-hiChhedion rie csiden.es aE mainl! .sbblish.d along fie m.jor Mds Tuo mai.

clusleEd aEas for high/mediun rie buildiigs aft loc6tcd in Shiiifdbad sid Kha6de Unio.

Councils of Liaquatabod Md Ssdde to*ns, 6p.ctiv.ly. Khd.der is considei€d as the old6r

Biddriel a@ close to E sr dtrd W.st Whsdea pon5. Oth.r high/nedium se delelopfrenrs

e nainly found in Faiel Canlonmenl, Shariflb.d, Kh4.dar, Clinon cMronfre.r, G*lani

Railwsy Stllion, Pehalwo Colh sd N$@r!bad Union Councib.

Ia

i!i

:E!

;: E

9t!

E Ei;El

E:i5ia5Ei?Ed

t"!rE:Ilr i:Ei:iE

ti,r:l! li

1:!lc?sti *c

l! atItritsEalull

1

F:I

.T

I€

q c e I a;

a

p* e 3 5 3 g a

a 3 Eq

E a e 3 e E E

a E E s

I

6

3 e s F

e : 3 E E E Et 3 3

!s E E a

Aa e ! 3 fl E :q

3 6* 1 E 3 a E 3

ES E E e

: : E E t R

6s E E 3 : 3 3q

Iq s 6 EF R

s

,!

e

E

3 I 5

E

;

x

g :; 3 ! ! 3

5E

5

6

i3

tsi

.E

66

56

Villasdcoth-low d* asid€ntial 8ls e $.fr€Gd.!d minly fomd in f,on buih-up ea olCad,p, Bin Qain dd Kutlm iow6 Sonsrl. Glbo P!l, Gad,p, DaMno Chunq Mddopir,Chrshe Unid comils ad Hab has d$ mjc ahrE. Ammg thm, Son8ll (in noinap!n) of C.d!p lNn hs hid.s p€urbgp of Villagdcolh low rie 6id.nli.l .g-

1able5.2:ToM $'* Rbidcnri.lLMdu* t)F 'n

K,rachiR.g$n

n ^4

||MTGUA - Ud.FHisbrr.dim rir r6iidti|l a4LRxc4v = vilhc.cod .s Ris ncidairl AE

SouM: Cdnpur.d b, Aull'q usins CIS Sys!.n

Isble t.l lor.l AMolRsidenticladCI,ss in K!fthiR.gion

Iv.l281.60 64.t628.86 6.51

90_00 20.16

39.57 895100.00

As discu$sd in $cdon 2.8 lh.t the l4els of fuel coBumed by th€ household @tof h depod on

in@m. l.vels siz of *tllcnc 3. ho!*hol45 snd chy, pna, avlihbilily .!d eKibiliry of

cmmcrcid awls. Beside w@l othcr flcto6 dd due to @npld nddb.hNior of poorilrion

of city of Kdchi. n i! v.ry difficul ro find oul fi. ex*r disiburion of n.tudl Els ddddspatially. Howver, spalill dhribulid ofnatunl !s5 d.mMd st lese *al. ha bcn deEminen

b.sed on two main vsiables, ia, residenlial are.cl$s &d populalion deBily. Each i€sidential

.m clss avedse gs d.m.nd is ddemin d on th. bsie of$eir ludber subdivision ecording

ro ss oF ring pesuE stsh !E dass Hec. lhc malys. 1.. Bidcoti,l ,M clN.g$ opedring ptgc G ud populeim dFsity hale bq EquiEd lor ndangtul sparhl

dhriburio. of nltuEl gs dcndd.

5.11 Rsirr€ntirl Am Chs And3b by L.nd v.lu€

th$ull.h. 2009 citcd thar $cc is t Ertionshio of l&d Ytlue wiih th. i@oe srata of the

sisry. The highsr Bi&nti.l a6 @ld p6ibly be Gupied by hid-iMm. p@plc.

n.dium-Enl al6 oelDi.d by middle in@n. ed low-dt aE$ acupi.d by lo* incon.

grcup, thercfore, in ordet lo show spotial distnbution ol cls wis t*id.n1iol rea oalvsh

based on ldd vslu€ h6 b*n p.rfomed s per h.rhodolocJ given i. stio. 4,3.3

SouE!: CompuEd b' auftor usingClS Sys.h

!

t

;iltrrgiEEilliEiiii3ir;ii

rrd.cb .ldrs.o. rtbarS&(,d .l|5rtb

As$o\n in Figure5.1. i'r gctreral.$e rcsid.tuirl!N! lrnd laluesarch ghdtua h.cir) ccnte

$[il0 ir decEases oursidc. l0ble 5.:] sho$s th!16,1% ofKarachi Regnn bcktrrgs ro Lolver class

d\idcnrialarcashichcovc^.nri.e Bin Qa:in.lldldi!. (i!dap. Htb. Kor.ui(lcck cadlonmem

lrldhi. Manora Caronncrr. Orxngi dnd Korangi nn\ns: over 90% dr..s ol S IT E. Krimfi.

I r\d ro\ns: 65010 ro Tteo !rux\ of Nltln 3nd I iiqulhbal ro\ns: 50to n) 60q! dd of\etr

K..rchi. Shah faisl ro\ ns: :0"'i' ro .lovo ar.r\ oi lttaln Ct.tonmcnr.Gukhlrt lqb3l Janshcd

and N.nh Neimabdd (\qrs: Over l0o/oarea\oi(iu hcrgand Faisala.normcrr !'$n\: and le\\

thM 10"/"areasof SrJJnrtNf .(liftonand KaiNhl Cantotrmens.

I os!fnriddleclassrcsid.ntrl.r..s mainl! lie in cii and nonhNd pan ollh..it) lspeci.lli nr

\lllir Canronmctrr. sha[ lri{l \e$ Krnchi !n\n\ snh xn arer ol J6!n. 119;,nd l]o:;

.csprch.l). Orhc6 ir.ludcd lToi tea of Vlln kNn: lola b l5qt ol lam5hed Fai\rl

(rnronm.trr.nd \az nrab ro$nsiMdlessrhanl0'r,ollr)3ri.Culs[.r_.lqbalro$ns(Fi!urc

l ietrrc5.li fo$n-\tircPercenrageof Rc\iicnrillArcaclr\5e\in Krtudr Rc!ion

Upper middle cls rcsidenrial mas m slEtched our foo sourhwesr ro nonh.asFm pd ofth€

cit, od moinly found in Clino. Curonmcnr and.,Mshed ionn wirh d m. ol4890 lnd 37%

EsFdivcly. olhs included 26% of Saddr ro$n. 2lvo Faiel Cdton@n( 15% aR of

Culsld*-lqbd ro*n, od 6% ol Xmhi Cdtonftnt ( FiguE 5.1).

High cla$ residenrial .Ms m bounded in southlest pan of fie city .xisc in Ctifton

Canlonment, Janshed, Saddar. Faiel Clnloinent, Cukho€lqbol od K.6chi Cdlo.nent

to*.s lith e dd of 48%, l7v\ 26e/\ 2tv\ t''/o sd 6%, 6pectjv.lt. k is .vidd 6om

Am.xuE 'F tn €xc.pt Ma|n Cdt(nn.nt (o*cr middl€ cls Gidcnlill @) in Kmhicny. high bosins Nupdion oEsory li6 in d.s !oMs. High fig@ oabusin.s cdcsory in

Giddliai e or M6ln Csbnmdr ma, be do. b th.n nig{ion rbm high cl6s Esid€ntial

@ beduse ofbed.r scurily^ofcly inth. cuft laq dd oder slmrion oacny.

4.3.2 Gas Presue Strieo AM\sis

Op€otion ofgs pirelin. al hadr or Io$ g4 op€oti.g lNue deFnds on th. consumplion 'ar€

of ntual g6 betu* g6 opcnling p6sE deae or inc|ls Cs c.ptcirt/vollm. in gs

disibulion nerwod( rysr.m. lndu$rial at% due b hisl consumPrion nay requit high pasue

pipeline neiwoft ds co6p.ed lo Esidential ess, Or snhin Bidenlisl a@. hieh clNcsidenrirl re or dens.ly populettd fta may requic high 8!s pdsut syscm.lo eraluale the

ndu6l g4 .onsumplion on th€ baris of s6 pduc n is n{€sry to dcv.lop (h€ spttial

disribution or Cs oFmlins pt€suE system a@. A.alysis ofss oF6ring pKuE sysh 5sh6M i. Figorc 4.4{c}.nd Fieue,l4{b) h6 b..n don. @otdins lo methodolog msrioncd in

..1

I

i'-,-'iii

'i l---,('l

rE3i

ir.'\,(a'-\

"(

)1

t-I

\

! I :i!!ri!i Ii::-iii e

lt"

a

ex

u:,

, :! : : F,

: :c': ! :: it i i !tt

T.ble 5.4: Tor.l AE! ofca ODerrins PrEsuG Sytu cllss in K@hi Resion

Gs OFrrtin. PB(rClul61.68 |].950.t.30

84.19 t9.09t0t_85 21.04

Hirh r89.82 42,94

44,2.0.1 100.00

source Conpured by Author using cls sysr.n

it is €l* fbm Figm 5.5 ed Table 5.4 that l47o !6 of (a@hi R.8ion do hor hove naludl

gas supply rnrough distiburion pipeline nelwo* dd hts been showi a 1Vo cd'area Thev

re 6ins o$.r nds of.nereJ supply dd noslly l@aled in the periphtr.l parts (6Fcilllv in

vifh86) ofd. ciiy or dh6 mds 5C/.441.t4v.3t 2A/a2e 4d 14% !16 ofcadap.

Hrb, Bin Qsin, Mrlir Cotr' (liffii, Baldia orali.trd SI-T.E low.s, €perivelv, NdKmchi &d Koransi towns hav. l6s ths I0'l. @s wilh oo naiuE 96,

In gcn.rd. €xcepr in ene ec, sv.mge op€ntins giit pKuF is d*rced liom eulh lo nonh

od ct b 4ir of llle cnt. 43% Bida.isl sB of KlEdri Esion @ o hiSi op.ding

plsuG *h.Es only l% d on low op€Ering gs Ptt$urc, 6Fci.llv in 7% ag of S l-T E

and Fois6l Cantonmeht lo*ns lnd less th& 5% 6r.as of Bi. Qdin sd O.dap loMs

vcry hish op.6ting e}s pEsuc ays|ed 6ve6 c@plde asid€mial ag of Cliftd Cdronmolj

55% ro 6570 of &ldia and L.ndhi roMr 25% lo 15% !t6 of Isimsi, S.ddar od S l.T.E

loMsi t0% lo l5vo of Bin Qsim town ed F.i$l Cel@n€nq l.ss $d lAlo ol Jsmthed

O@8i .nd C.dapro*ns (Figurc 5.6).

-lI

\-l

.l'1*.

q.;rr;'

{ii

=:,.i,-.:!,i ;1t: 6

. =a - 19i :-: : t!1',9

1"

E

:

:qlii:ltl

tt\)

\-/ll.)l

4Ui.il

4-37r"

.+:f-

"itQ''w

ti!0rc56:li)$r-$isePercenragcol(;NONrxln!l,fcssurealassesirRcsidcfli. rc{ol'

Krtu!hiRcgdr

a,I

isl,El,ErF:EEElgtiiE-EEs

.Ldi- rbl|- .llCrFn .tqltrbt .ba.

H gh oncfur trg g$ prrsufe coE6 $ho e rcsidcrl nl rr.rs ol Manora and Karachi (lnrunnc i

rbove 30% $ors ol Korangi CKli c!trtotrmcnl Lrtdri. cuhhan-c-lqb!1. Korang. l!m\[ud.

Cllbergnnd(hifgiorn\:65%aEaofSaddar(N\n:10%ro60t;arcasoftllbto*n5sllll.Bin Qr\ m. r'ri:rl aanbnmen!: 30'r, ro r0'," $crs of Kiimar atrd Landhi b$ns: l0% l(, l0t!arcas ol I iNurFbld. \lrln adbnmenr and Llaldid tN\n\: and less than loon aEr\ ol (ixdip

rnd Shrh l.iilu\ns(filure5 6)

\led unr onsrdir! gls pressure core6 8091 b 100'r'" rcsiderrial areas of MaLir. lonh

\.rinNbadl$rds.Shxhl'rnal.Ne$Kam.hirddllkl0nhbudrNrn!:52%oJNIalr(rtrlnncrl:

:139'"Mil7%rrc6olGdapdndFri!a(anlunndtrtr.spccti!elyiandles\rhanl0%rrd.sol

ctrlbcr-!. l. dhi. s l1 F. Bin Qrsirn kNn\

!.3J Popur.tiotr Denriry Ambsis

Popularioi of Kadchi ws rcponed 985,6110 pcopl. in 1998 c.nsus epon isued by $e

Populdion Cd$s O.sdizlrion of P*i$& for * fmd nve districts ol K.mhi divisim.

Ho*der, C-D.G.K- (200?b) hs cb'n.d lnd th. 1998 6ss ss und.@u.ad $. popul.rion

ot Kat.hi Aba.lies (lnpln .d 216) md mig6nt' in Ka@hi. ThdfoE, torl popolrtion ol

1998 h6 bq adjusted *irh th€ fier]r of 1.3?5.000, Table 5.5 sho*s th. ToNn-wi* det il of

popul.tion for th€ ydr 2005 and 2008 cllculor.d 6 F.r p@edur€ n€ntion.d ii section 4.2.6.2.

Table 5.5: To*n-*is Popularid of Kmhi Regid. Y@ 2OO5 .nd 2003

t00t119,675 495J89480,855 54t,677500,9r6 514,4t5J8l,64l@1,16 68t,2646t6,121 694.127

688,581 175.678

s,l.T.E..75t,42J 848,721

820,8|l

035,56t 1.05t,900

085,576 Ll t0,236t,0t2,l9l r,r.o,45 |

r,0J8,861 t,110.2(61,098,858 r,r17.852

t, 4,B8 1,255.060

B,lrx5 t.t?5

59,t6677.098 86,849

172,901

242,57e 27rJ6lHl.T,EtHtb)* 81.4t0

rr;trb5 rt.rlo:-iD.\!1, l.lo-ro En'n,x.,f-tr rtrlro

source '(( l) O.K.1007d)- r+(alcul.red ar $c rnNrh ere.1.t5%

pcr \ear lir 1005 brsrd on 1993 ( cnsus Figure\. 1" Calcut.rcd ar

the gro$$ r.re,1.05% p.r 'e.r

Iitr 1008 based on tOOs poptrL ion

l!bLe5.6: lol3lAFaofl\'pularion D.nsir) Class.\inKalchi Rc!ion

tr!z)

I

!l! llch!!sh

LlllJ F$denr,r \rc. 1 Ir? sr T

source: Conpurcd b\ AudxrusingCIS S\srem

Figsrc 5 7: ToNn-\Lise Percemrgc ofPopuldion Densn), C a$es ir Kord.hiRegion

i8 6l

!illgli:!5i'ii;ilF;ilEEii.hD.rnY r&ho.rrf .rrrr&lrt .v.rrr.ixfnv

i -', EI

;l 1

-a.a e i:;.::" =t i-:

iitj; -r::ll! i tt .1

-€

=_ z.-

t3.,1 SD.fil Dirtriburio! oa N.ilEl Cs D.!...t

As di$usd in s*tion 5.3, nar@l 8s d.lMd b afect d by difredl f&to6. A @t spatiol

n.ruEl sa .|.@nd a b. caldl.rcd by t ting .lt fa.rN inio @siddrio. How*r, olylne vuiabl6 hsvc b€m us.d ro @lqlar€ spltial did.ibutid of.aluEl sar d.md<t.

Vridi6 of s6 dhsd $l!6 (T.ble 5.7), mons difrd'n 86 onsne suEcy SmupE.speially in upFr niddl€ dd high cla Bid.ntial or.i, snows tn. Fl.rion h.twM gas

operding oresurc tud Bidqlill @.lNs for g$ msunprion. LDws ct6s with dilfeMlsa pI€sE rysr.m llnost hs sc mge of !6 or$nprion. The nd!61 96 d€ned Fr@Mr4rdr k highBt in v.ty EiEh c6 Pdswe Ihper tutidde CIxs Resdetiat Area

gs €oNumcr suaey group while k is lowst in ,!or Gd PEs@ - Iav.r ctas xesitletui.l

,{Ez Aa @sumr sley aroup.

t$le < 7:Ga coNM.r Sureyc@p,wi* FrCmsumd cs D€mrd

$ ClColruMr SrFeycbrD

4GB Rsw . tM (le R6idarj,t AMle Ga PrKe - Urpq Middl. cl6 R6i&mi!t AF It3I qqca Prsuc - Lowd Cla! R6id.ndd AE

uh c6 PE$!r. - tDw{ Middle cr6s R€id.ni.l Afa5 MC6 PE r - Upper M ddte CIN R6id.diat AE

m Ga Pre - Hish CIB R6iddr.t AM r0lgn Ga PrBsm - LM Cls R6idoai,t Au

3 H gh Ca Prsw - lrc Middt. Ct6' R6rdor,.l .te 155H gh Ce pr*ua - Upr+r V rOdte Ctr* nesi<leniat ero

gh Ca Pr6c - HiSh Cle! R6rtefut Asvery High ca PrBe - Low cts R6ids id A@yjltli8h c6 Pr<G . Lo*d M'ddLctsr R6it€rdt AE I'

rl vo Hhh Ga PraR - Upp.r Middte Cl6, R.lidflkt Auvery Hth Ga Pi€$@ - High Ctas Reiddti.l AF High

slre: Ceput d by Aul|ir

Av.ng. ndu6l 96 dcmdd ps onsumer in n r'4rz' bt Bidc iat s€s ds is shown in T.bte5.8. Th. eldldion hls b€r m.dc by N@ging g6 d.nri by cllqrilt .M chs brs€d m

consum.r suoey 8Mt5 (Table 5.7). Th. av€6se p.r @nsumsr per y4r narual g6 demud is

bigh€sr in high cla$ Gid€ntial aM whilc least in lo{er clN rsidcnriat, r:€., 97.75Mryar

Lowet middle ud upper middle Gidetrti.l cldses' natudl 96 d€mand is almost equ!|,

Ttbl.5 8: RAidennal aEa ( los-$ne P.r ( onsuFer(Ja, Demdnd

LNerClN R6idedial A@LNer Middl. C 16 Rcsi{t€.ral AG.

sou(.r Comput d by Audor

As ftnlion.d in Seio. 4.1.6. in ord€r lo .how th. spsrial disrribution of narual 96 dmnd for

entne Ko.achi r.gion. those aEas wh.E natudl s6 is nor ovailable thmllh sas pip€tine

disdiburion srsrem ( No ca aE in th. naps). h6 ben anribulel Rhh th€ naiuot s6 d€medorn€6t neienborhmd s6 consumq suBet gbops,

By cmsing Nb vrrid!16. ta, cid.ntial aEa d6s Md population ddsity. sp.ri.ldistibution of nitoial cs denrnd has b€en dd.mined rr Union Councit le!.t as shown in

Figuc t.9(o). Tabl. 5.9 explains sencnl rEnd of narual ss d.m&d by popltdio dmny ddesidenti.l !6 class ale <lcpicled in FiSoe 5.9(b),

T.hle 5.10 dd FiguE 5.9(b) sho* rhlt 82% of$. Eside.rial,6 of l(lrhi Regioo. h.vinslo$ populalion densiry. denrnds lor sas and lcaled a*ay fom th€ m.in cirt area coveri.s100% aA of Hdb. Bin Q$in dd Ko6gi, cadap, o&nsi bvns and alt Cdronmenrs.

Kaimari, Culshan-elqbal. M.lirand Bsldia roMs hov€.bov.80yo als rhite t-!.dhi, S.|.T.E.

New KaEchi,lroshed. Nonh Nzinabad toMs hav€ 60% ro 80q/o acds for to! sas demand.

sbah Faisl. Sdddai Culberg snd Liaquabbad loMs hale :Oelo lo !59o rcsid.nrirt !@ under

er Middle Class R.sidenrial Ar. 158

Hi 173

Table 5.9 Claewie c€.e81Trend olNsrural OB Dehmd i. K@chi Recion

lIigh v.ry Hkh

LGD LGD/MCD MGD MCD1ICD

LCD LGD/HGD/MGD HCD HCD

tGD LCD/HGD/MCD HGD

LCD MCD/HODLGD-L.V Ca D.ned i< 7,5M'/y), MGD=Mod.6te C6 Dendd (7_51- r 5.OMrr),

HOD=High G6 Dcmsd ( | 5-01-22-5M1y)SNr: C.np0rd by Aurhor

Table 5, l0r Toral A@ of C6 D.m.nd Clss in r@hi RcSion

l%\162.26 8r.9569.42 15.71

t0.J5 2.14r00,00

soure Comput d b) Adfior

About 1610 ol iobl Esidcnti.l .t6 ol K@hi Egim d€.md nod.6ic lcv.l oa ga luppty

oveing 60t6 ro 8A/a c@ ol Laydi, Li.qua!.d od Cutb€rg roMs; ,o% !o 60 y. lts ofSh.t Flis.l od Sadds |oMsi 2fi4 to .|{r.4 of Nonh Ncir[b.d, N.w K@hi. S.|.T.E,

Jeshed ed L.ftlhi los.si while les tho 20pl. ares of Baldia Maln. Ouhhe-etobat md

Kainari loMs (Fisurc 5.10),

i!!$:::i?iii*r*ii!!T IITIITTT

.9 -ei! l*;i5t:B:; l$tlfi[rt

!&

c

;:

e i!.3.it6r

,t,rlts

! i;!: i

t E: ,, g--"iZFEI

)

-fl:

: ..\

ir\

!rs-t,

a

tE {.:,/'r , ,.{.'.'J.;:

tr /.'

:g

3

E

r i'. ,r

ttt -

lligh denaid oindrunlgas n ma nl! L$arcd in Srdddr. La)ari. Janrtrd rrrnr \ilh t6%.ltq/o

atrd ll% lrcas. r.s!{rnel) onir 2oi tosidenri.l !reas \irh highrmoJ.arc t.Dtrlarion d.nrir)

dcma s highe! lcvc of ea\srppl)-cov0in!$holcof Aam llasri. C[dnd*rCor[..tut t ilc rDd

Jacob Line in $ulhcast and nonh\en p3ns ofJa'nshed Io*n: Ese :,lrgri in sourh\\e$ pln of

Culshan-c'lqblLlosn: Sh.[hag l.!n.. l].har Coont add Na*lbad irr nofrhern. middlc rnJ

\cnem nins ol lr\rri Tdrn: fidoui coon) lr eurh\e{ pan ot l.i.quatabdd To\n: t)!k(olon! in casrcm prd ofS.l I E lo\n. Old tt{iCamp. (ir! RaLtNaj- Cobn}. \anak\n.J.Cararuhd and Millar\agur in nonhcm plnoiS.JJ.r to$triNarha KtuD Coih nscnchpndol Shah faiql l.\n. Lnioi Council \isc nafutut gd drfrand b\ .tnssjficar on is -qn.n in

li8uE5 l0:lo$n-$iscl,scenrag.of CasDcmandOenrirlCtassc\inKxrac[iR*ion

a

!g!tlli*i5i'EiilEiriEsgit'i' i '.rrr-id .rcr-D-- .ttrDd

5.{ Sndill Dilt.ibution ofNriurll(;rs Su0pt_r

rab[ i ll sho$s nctudnrdgr \\i* SSC( natum

fitrancidl\clr2007.03 (Jr I :0071o lung t003)

onl! 5.:16% ol r{tu.l g.s has beetr supp ied

llusei', (:010) E|t.dcJ rhd! rh. UFc aorrhc lcar

grs suppl! dcrails in irs Karachi togbn n dc

t naccounr.d lirr eas {liFG) n ll7i96 \hctors

10 rhc p.otle lbr doDrsri.rEsiionridL trqgc

1009 in KrtuchiEenr is.1.33,r,;

Sourcq Sui Soulhem Ca Compoy Linited

As ndion d in slion 4.3.? $d, eq@l dislriblrim ofgs spply to did.ndal ladE blalsonrh.bdisol,,?,,s,rea bou bry is mt junifi.d b€cds ah'Bi i"CAtua bonnty aay

have dilf.Ent Esidential ffi! .ls6 and popubtion dcnsity, theEforc, srs supply valu. for

.ach ,ilr,,s,,trer'ha be.n divided amding to residential e€a dd populdtion density wi*

Avd8. nduEl gs epplt Fr cm$mer in,#4?,r by Gidmrill aM.ls it 3h*n i. T.bl.2,12. Theqlculario h6 b.m ma<t usi.g sinpl.fmulo,la, for exmd€ bydividinetoElg.s

supply for hkh cl6s rcsid.ntial .rea wnh ils lo$l populotion. No C6 aEas arc nor i.cluded i.this calculelion. The ovem8. p.r @nsner pcr y..r notuFl s6 supply is high€$ lor high cla$

Fsid.nial @ shile l4t in lowr dN Esidcntial rcrs! ':., 64,r,t&e., Jost like natudl gsdddd by 6iddli.l clB. the lowr dd upF mtdl.Giddtial chs h!v..inon equal

Lr.l ot ga {pply pe w*ret/1car-

I rble 5 | | . Sedo' .$ ue Nrruml u6 \uppl) DBrribunon 'n

t amh' R.g'on. Y{ 2007.08

t00

4.90t5..1696.25

UFC

Iable 5.12: R.{denri.l A@ Cl6+wi* p.r ( onsumerC!: SuppD

Lw.r Cl6 R6idcnLill AM t9L!*er Middle Cl6s Rsidq .lAd 8lUpp€r Middle Cle,s R6idenrial Ara 88

Hich Closs R.,idnrirl a Ra 6

Sou(e Compltd b) Auftor

Th€ 3pariil dis$ibution oin'rudlg.ssupply in eidde thlr lupplyof.dud g.s h lle depqd

on popuhtion concdtdlion (FiguE 5.11., t,llbl, Rarh.. tho low populalon cotuenrrrt d

16. supply of Its is hiel.r in mod.6tc .nd dcns.ly popul .d a6, Hid slpply of ndmlgs is louftl in Liaq!.nrb€d, Colb.rg. Sadd& sd Layori roMs wirh th.n 19.4 16% od I l%

rnd 79lo 6id.ntid eG, cFcrir.ly. Onl,2% O.blc 2,ll) of rhc lor.l6idc i.l!6ofKdchi Esi6 @i*d hid ea $pply coEdng wholc of Bihr @loy in thc ndthwesr Fan ofLalti tom; (eimatrd rd Aziabrd in $th*6t p.n ofculb.r8 losrt Es Nl8ri dd Civic

ctrtE if, eu$w..r Fn of Gukhd+lqb.l bwn: Butffi Coloy in Esrd p.n ol ludhiiom; SUFi Mst4 Qaim.b.d dd BddheiColoy in middl. &d 6t m Fn ofli.quanbldtowi dd Old H.ji Cmp. Nr.lwm, .nd Mill.r Na$r in nonhcm p€n of Saddr ioM, Union

Council vie n.ludl 86 spply by clGilic.rion ii gi!6 in AnnquE 'D ,

Tablc 5. I l: Tobl AR of G6 SutDly Cl.s h Kehi RcgDn

252,74 57.t8r20.@ 27.t51.62 t.126t.68 t3.9542.04 t@.00

Souc: Cmpurcd by Aurhof

Ahoul 2n'! 6i&nthl .6 of l.|,*hi R.gio .E on nod.rgt gs rupply @Edng ovd 9@.

.6 of Sh.h F!i$l ed Lltri iomr; 60.,6 ro 8f4 a6 of Nry r@hi. S.|,T.E Md

Liqultrbd tomsi ,{t/o lo 6046 .E ofculb.rg, d3hcd. Sad&r, rnd Lddhi roMs; 2d/610

4{./6 .@ ofNoih Neinlb€4 Ko@gi, Culshs+lqb.l, Baldia !os$; 10.,,i 10 2096 lB ofMdlh. Omgi. Fd{l Cdldft .nd Klimd lowns.

I l---FI-"i\.,

l6g

$:1',: l I

IIITI

3

t,li el

. rjfii!:::::I r l, -;s:::3 t5 |l ldd s ll

.':Es i-{: l!i.5i"69

'.\'

Z

t

= .;e

_" *y

L

?,ni(E

/-

: ,-F Er

:r.ii : i;9

"!! ! :TgE

C ii!i 9;!:!i1!' ;lllf -i

'-\.\: 'r

F\cefl lr)fi roNd i7e; oi rr\idrmirl areas ar. or lo\ g3s \uppll (N.rirg .nrne rrer oi

Vamm. KaBchi. C ilion rnJ Korangi Crcck (9q'j) ( antonmenrs: orcr 309n xreas of lanrl(an!nmotrr rdd MaLn lrvri 6l)t; ro 30% aRas of(iulshatr-.-lqb.l. Orargi. N1a ir Clrrotrmcnr.

Korudgl. llif Q.nd. Kditrrri rtrd Nonh Nuln,rh{l tNns: 40% to 60'r' r.c!\.f Ba dia. lltrh.

LsndIi. (;.tr|l|p. Srddar.trd Jm$cd rorns: 209; ri ]5% !ftrs ('l(ltrlbtfs. s.l r E btn\i rnd

less rhrn l0!n af.xs ofl.i4udrbdd. \e\ Ka.ichr xnd \hah Faisallo\ns ll iSuN j ll)

firure 5.12: Ior -\!iscl'u.cartlgeofc.sstrptl)Dcnsirr"clN*:irKarschiReBior

S.r snrrirl P.dern cfNrrurrlC,\ {r,rlabrliD

The rdrJiis rof spstiaL parlcnr dl narutul grs rvriL$litr has beci crflied out b) &[irs

d tcrcnlr ol dakrL!r\ J.nmJ \i$ gas suppl) .s dn.tr$cd in sNriof I I lt lt is evidenr lilm

filurc 5 1l(!) rhd rh€ ga\ r\riL.bilit) snuari.n tur rh. p€dple of Kr&hL ..gon 's

reo P(xtr

e\cenr tr $nre ousl,ins ard ( l Jidn crnromc if sou!h\e< nrn ol rhe cio ccncral

derrc!\ d-! trctrd ofgas.vaihbiLil)_ is li.m lo$ lo higI popuLous a.ear { ldn out.rro InDcr p.rl

ofll,..ir) L.r(cnp.n.llhccir)innorlhsrd$(holNl.lirRiv.risrl o!on lo\ hrttrrl!$avrilrbinj /otr. (n.nll. rlN (ndntun olgas dcnrind aM suppl) slu\i thr rhe ndturil !r{coisuuc^ ol (ar&hi regi,)n lic.d lgotdeli.ir in rhc).arrhe )ear1007-08

3

I

i:!ir5$iiElitil;rr!l;r';rI

.b$rttr.r .r..-.-t!rar .|trirdr .r.-a-

t

../.|

f

r::.+\id;.-!x

,t - 'l-.-t,'^t

!

n5E J"

L:i

{*t

'{.:. "en

l":,!?' 'i

,,\,

1.!./'

i.t;::

i!

, g,

1tI

*15.:3sl,i tlt "L

Table 5. 14 shos dm oboui 53% of the tohl 6iddti.l @a N feins scE pmhl.m of low

gs cvailability whil. l% &d | | vd al6 e unds stEs of badlt afT.cted dd in{umci..t gas

suppl! aM. Only l9/o des 3G in b.tler sitution and 14% o@ do not hale naludlSa slppl,

T!bl. 5. 14: Tobl AF! ol Cs Avail.biliry Cla$s in K.@hi Region

14.42 1.26

49,74 1t.26,]],.28 52.71

82,88 18.75

6t.64 tJ.95442n1 tm.oo

SouG.: conoot d bv Adhor

T.kins lhe toEl @ of ach E id.nrial clN 6 100,4 (Lblc 5 15), twlts sho* di.r badly

.'Idted a@ for gs avlilabilny e high.st in a@ of lo*i middk $,llil. lo5l in high

rcs id.ntial c lass, l naumc ie.r sos supply is locoled in lorer $d uppq niddle Esidential clrss.

Low .vlilabilitr of s6 is wid.spc.d in .ll csi&ntial class ahil. h.tt r situetio. 6r eA

lvrilabiliry is hish.r in hisi clN Gid€nrial @ . lall in lord middle ds Bt $e bring

ditfd.e of p€r @n$n€r natudl !6 dodd wilh 8a supplt, it is noLd shon ol miutl ga

supply h high i.low$and upperniddle rsidenti.lcls md low in low Gideilid chss, ta,

39Mj/@nsmd, 79Mr/€onsmer, ?oMr/cdsuh.r, t7M%onsumd for lower. lowd niddle,

upp.r niddle a.d hign Esitmiill cl&i*s, EsFdivdy in .h. y* 200?{3-

Brdly dlTded arcas in tems of !6 availability src nainly foud in Saddar, L.va.i. New

Kr@hi. Jmshed. Liaq@ktad, Shan Fdsal ed S.I.T.E towns cot.n^e 26v\ 21q., t//' ad

r47o !6 6D.criv.ly. loz of rlE lor.l badly affatcd 6iddti.l @ ovd *nok of Akntr

Colony, Chodr Coth, lut Line, Au m Bani "nd

J@b lin of Jatuhed toMi Es. Naeri of

Culshln-elqbal tow.r Shonbais Lone, Nawbad and Behar Colony oi Layai lowni Neimabad

No. I dd FirdoN Colony ol Li.qd.bad bwn. Codht!, Abud Chtfei. Hakih Ahs dd

M.diM Colony of Ncs KlEhi loM; Plt Colont sd Old Coline of S-lt.E ioh; Old Haj'

C.nA Ciry R6ilwy Colonr Ns.lwm md Millat N.sd ofSlddd Tom. UnionCouncilRis

naluFl 8E .vail.bility by clssific.tion is giv€n in An.ex@ 'D'.

t llc 5 I t: Pcffihse of R6i{tfltial as Cla by Ca AEil.biliiy condnion

l%l

solre: cmput d by auths

Aboul ll% of th. lotal in+uficidl s6 av.il.bility @sideitial aF8 ovetr entirc Msota

Cdlonmdl; 78% @ of Llydi toM; 40v. 10 60plo a@ ol Cllbdg od Lioqudab.d loMs;

2f,4 !o 60ra !6 of S.d&r, Sh.h Faisl dd tddhi towrs I o% to 209/d M ofs.l.l.E. Nqdr

Neimabad, Mllir, Nd r@ii, ,nshed dd B.ldi! roMs; .td l6s tho lf^ 'B

of

Kaimari, o6gi, ud Culsbd-elqbal loMs.

About 53% of rool low er. .vlibbilaty Gidcnrhl G ov6 qholc K@hi Csroommlj os80% .6 of Kmgi CEk Celdhd! Mal'., Kofugi, Nonh Ndinlh€d romsi 6@/6 10 8e/ass of Jamshed, Ledhi, Ordgi, S,I,T.E, Bin Qasim. New K@hi toms; 409410 6@/i of

Maft Cdtonm.nt, Culshs+lqb6l, Sh.h F.iel, Hab, Litqu.tab.d, Kaim.ri, Clifton

Csldnqt dd Culbqg bMsi M,100,4 a6 of S.dd{ {d Bildi.lo$sj.nd 15% of Gelnp

BlnEr situtid of ga dailabiliry is nainly found in 98% @ ol Faisl Cebnm.ntr 5770 of

Clinm crMna : loto ro ,10'4 !16 of Bddi\ Gulshd+lqbal, O.d.p tMs; le^ !o 20',

'16 of Kainsi .nd OEtrgi roms; dd ls lh4 l0p/6 a6 of M.lir Cdtonmdl, Shoh Fai$|.

Saddar, md Culberg rowns.

8a

: .oi

i!!if fl9r:!!l:i"tl!;t'r*

r&d'rrt rd .r!&n |.nr .ld .a.!.. rr5l..

I'eur \.1 I l {r.$ * P.R.rrJi. oir ". \.- -(i ir\ te. ..' J.,r' Kr'.h ld ji.,

Ch.oter6CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENI}AIiONS

Enerry is $e baic need ofelery humd and has b.@ne esential for th. nod€n siety. In th.

d€teloFd countn* dE ps ccpib consumprion ol m.rgy is hisn.sr, On the orhd hdd. lh.

dereloting @u.r'6 @ tting ro 6$ae Md lind out n* suMs oa d€rB/. Nltudl gr.

esouEes arc critiol b !s be.u* il is amons onc ollhe major fossil fueh which sdain our

livelihood dd the svslem on which qe deoe.d. it is te mosl ehomicd dnd eliable resource lo

net daily d.rsJ consum.6, N.ru6l Crb is ued not only al hoehdd l.v.l, bu it hd a nljor

shre in ommrcial, induui.l .d .!dic poe.r gcncErion sto6. ThG it a gwing

Borldw'd. nrtudl e6 crhh. lhich is likely to tunhd cxpand 6 "

csull of poPulation gDtllh,

lod-use changes, innaiion. u$.nizlion ahd migrilion frcfr .u6l ro u6.. o@s. snd globEl

climale ch.ngca. All ol $es aaclou emphsiz th€ n..d for wi* da.lopment, manogement dd

di$ibution of narudl s6 roes in borh d.v.lop.d od dcveloping @u.ri6 Ptlistan is

dticiplting fi..nerev crisis lo qoM in lhe 6ming y.a. A mjor thonrall is exp..tcd in

.atu6l g6 suppli6 wnich ftal@ up lboul 50/o of Palislan's en.!g! consunprion ln

domeqtr r.nd.nriolsbr, $e primr4 dppli.aionrofgaee.ooliid. trak h4ring bpeciarb

in winrer sMn lor balh, dd .lcric gendrtion. Ue of€lstric gen.Fbr.t dom.nic l.v.l i3

cping npidly du. ro t@t crisis of povcr a.ilue i, Patislo. UFC b d$ in@i.& i . ,

4.83v. in 2009. Thh ltudJ thos thrt, b.ing th. dmsly populared, laryesl mehpolikn dd

industn6l chy, Kotrhi *ould bc the dajor victim ol €es shorlase in n.d fuluE. if imn.di.te

.nd lons tcm mesures are not und€naken. This stldy hd b€e. caried ofi to addts th. issue

of naruEl $r cnsh by rpplying Ols-besed app@h lor evaluadon of gG dnmd dd supply

paltcm in 6i&.dal ats of K!fthi Egion of Sui So nm Cs Conp6nt though

developmol oasutomat€d napping ed l&ilni* mcnasemml (AM/FM) on CIS pldfom for

sas dhribulion $d tMsmkion pipelinenerworks.

tu is enimd.d thoush this srudy $ar SSCC h6 prcvid.d natunl sG thrcugn its 8a dnribulion

ner*ol* to 86% (180 Sque Kilodetr) of Biddlial @ in 200748 fi@iat !s (July 07

Jme 08) *hile 14% @as 4 not on g$ $pply ndwoi<, Ttling t tolol pu(he and suppl! or

nltual gada whole. sscc ha suppli.d 78% s6 ro indusdj.t F|oL 3% ro€onmeaiat slor&d o.ly l5olo for domesric @nsumprion ro rhe popt. of Kechi white l|eomred for natuEl

As the ourcone rhis sud] ft has been releal.d rh6r ihe natural grs demdd Dd suppty onalysis

usinscls in 2008 demarcared Ka@hircgion inro live disrinct oeas inlemsofBasavaitEbitity,

':r.. badll aftecled, in+ufi.ienr. low, bcltq and no 8ss suppty drs. Onty tgoz oflhe lolal

Fsidentialarers e in belter siiuarion *hilc abour 5370 rsidenriotreas ar fein8 pmbten oflow 8s availabilily, 3% and I lol. ae6 aE under stftss ot badty lftecrd od in{uficienr gls

supplt. espe.liv€lr. Exepr someFriphenl d..s and Cliffon Canbnmor in eulhrc$ pd oflhe cily. geneEl d{reding lFnd ofg.s alditabitity is fom tow lo high poptrlous ms or trodperipheral lo endl Fon of$ecnt. The sbtc of d.msnd Md suppty in K@hi Esion shoB a

huge deficn in naluEl 96 ih 2@7-08. K@hi dgion h6 rcqli.ed about 2oojMl of nalunl

aa lin don€stic uF lo mer the n€cd ol t6.86 hittion popularionr \iels n @iv€d only

5870. frine a deficil ol42%.

h is ale found lhd de p€r @piE demdd tor.alu6t e6 is hish€r i. high cle Giddiat @awhile supply is ld6t aor upp€r middlc dd tof,.r mi<tll. .hs eidenrial a@ popoldidn.

T.kins a deficn ol 42% a a whote. 5%. \Mi. t2yr, a d 53% s6odH t of narual g6 hd h€en

frced by 4% hiEn c|6: 2loz upp6 middlc ctr$, 8% lowe. niddl. ctls and 67p,6 to*er dspopularion of Ka@hi r.gion. esFdivcly. Spariat disribution ofnarumts6 de@d ffd supply

also ha sde r€lationship with popularion concenrar.d aFs. Aoth d€med an<t supply ofha|u6] Es is hi8itr in densly populated sr.as,

with tne belp ol ga cusromeB .nd cilies.xpaftion, ir h found rh.r dendd for norurat gas is

sro*insrapidly espeially after the recent increase in prices otFmteln prcducts. tn pakisrln,

being rhe cheap€st eurce ofenere/ Bp..iait! d dom.slic telet and in order ro reelve huge

denand dd supply gap govemm..t shoutd adofl rhe supply and denMd sid€ opp,o€h6 by

sking hew $trrc6 of naluml ga supply sources.s wettas mininizins fie nonj€venue natuEl

Besid6 $e haluml g.s demrnd ed suppty hsue, desisning and delelopnenr ot CIS basdAM/FM deahoddumenred in thisstudyfore6uritiries. Rapid Cewrh ofcusomerb6e in ssulilitiesorall slo6, i? domesric. conmftial lnd i.duitial d€neds continuous expdsion of96 tmsmisio. dd disribulion pip€tine nd*oltj atons *ith ns apaciris sd opedinsp6suE' Due ro rhis mpid .xplnsiM, lheir nln.gmenrr opeErion. maint nee, stery_ edinspection &tilities .c becone very diilculr dd ch! ensinS pajiicut.rty in pap€r bsedenvironhent. It is Evealed lrcm rhis study rhat ho* AN{,/FM o. Grs ptarfom has €mcienrtytEnslbmed the counlle$, hardcopy b6ssd. u.oiglnia! ed displaed gas urilitiB. asctinforndior i.ro singl€ S.odrrabs fo. enteariF .ss.r mu,aement md intomorion srslen.

This study daluded th. culMr natuEl gs supply sysi€n fM g6 fi.t<ts uD b lhe end

coNtrne6 by inv.eigarins in dehit the gs rdshision and disr.iburion sy$.n ofSSCC for irs

Ka&chi qion alone with 86 dislribution pip.iin. ope6ting pressuE 6an6genenr ed 96calscrty/vorume essmenl. Ale exi*ing bi inS slstem. e6 teak der.crion and repair system

cnd n.w s6 connenion business work Row p@ss have b6 inle$ig!€d od ne! nelho<rs

Th. notuBl ea deodd .nd slpply model is itN of its kind in pakisd lhach is inregrare{t wnhgas disribution od rr.nsnission pipeline nawoik, esidentiat aea ctses, poputstion density,

gas opeEring p@sure ststem arc6, SSGC\ bitting sysr€m boundari€s, curft .dminisrdtiveboundais ofKaochia! lrnion Coun.it lelel. Olhs rho rhh. rhe kcy conr.iborionsofihis slud]ft; irs d€um. ,tion ich d.Frib.s slep-by{r.p pn)cts alME silh u* of tdjoushad*zE md $llwaE aor rh. sucastul dddoprunr dd impt.mmbrion oa Cls ror sas uritirycompoiesi dry€lopnenr of deraited base map al srret tevet t&dE blocts ro ssReate ddcslculole aclual residentisl aea (borh hori&nEt and lcnical) fom oth.. tand use aor &cu6reaidlrsis or population dcnshy as wett as noruht ga3 demond and suppty tor donestic us ar

tjnion Council leveli d.v.lopn€n. of uniqu. inr.Ectile od dynamic mapsi desig. oddevelopnent of ldoror.d mappi.g dd flcititi€s mmaBemor slst fl on CtS pt,tfom tor gsltusmision dd disuibution neNo*. der.topn.nt oa 86 operanng ps$E \rskm al6:cxisrins nlximum ga dislriburion s'slen cap.ciry/volune Mallsisi catcut.tion ot lohl le.erhof sds disFiburion main pipettne syse6 al Union Counc I tev€l: cts bed new grs connecrion

6.2

busin.ss wo.k flow nodel which tosy also ne.d funher impovemcnlr g$ disributio syst m

sp6sl dalysis sine 1955 Egion: Gidentilt am ctass wiF den@lion of Kmchi csionbased on ltud valuq complterizarion of Cis cusromer sudef d'l. conducr.i by Stri SourhfrCaCohpany lor ns Ka@hi rcgion.

In th€ futuc Mhes, .speially in th€ conr.xt of elomled nrppine fld fscititi.tmoasmc lor s6 dli.y compsris Oavins s. tosins nduc) s w€ 6 ndu6t gcdemud dd supply Mlysis in my olher ciries of Pakislon or orh.r countnes of the wo.td. rhis

srudt.ould auRh€r be €hhaiced, standa.dized and uritizet aso.din! lo lhe n€eds ot rhe tocah.

wilh this srud!. h esiablish.d rhar CtS int gnr.d sith CpS and Remor. Sensing t*hnotogi.sis lhe Eliabl. ond exp€dnioB lehmloey in apptyin8 to .aluot 96 utitiry mapping ddnmagetunt. Thouel qpe.sivs I i.nirl slas6 of$e pmjd, bur in loqsr run. cts giv6 co{eltadive, lons.r laninga.d drnamically adapr.bl.sturions.

Rsonned.tio4 rnd Sugg6tions

Orc oa the priodry goals or cls b.*d AM/FM is ro help 8.s urihy onp.ni.s ro

p.rfom their jobs moE cfficiently and improv€ ovsatl podocriviry. CIS shoutd be

uscd lo impoved bBiness procBs or so flo* mansgemefl tiom new g.s

connedon (6 sugg.sr.d in enexle.B ) !p to mainl€n.ne, operadon, design eddw.lopn nt ol g6 dinribulion ed rdsnision pipeli.. n trvorks.

GIS should b€ used lor oth€r malysis tik. lor gas pipeline .dwortq .n r8enct v.l!.i$lolion .nd pipeline comsion poldction analysh e?4. Foi this exhting AM/FMmodel would be enhanc.d or ltusfomc! by 3rudying. &.tlzing md a<lapting oul{f-lhcbox statrd.d GIS models lor gd di$riburio fld tt$smi$ion netpo* off.r bt

Hmdheld devic.s wirh CPS should be used for consumets gds meter reoding. atove.laying sa m.i.6lertion on fie CIS map with th. h.lp ofcPs ordin{.s.flls m*r Eadi.g *ould he in<tentifi.d. Als. lc sd a.d ftonomicat 8rs n.rfErding muti.& oobile cls rpplierions should be inpteoenled.

lt

:)

Hkbry ol pipelio. rctifiqtio./epoir qork !1 g6 laLg€ point should be mtuls.d

Bins CPS aftl CIS in ordq ro find dr Fei* onqr6lion of gs tFlages ar

spdific locarions, With lhe us of lh* hhbrical @ld3, hisb s.s lakag. ancscould b. idenrilied by perfomih8 clu$er analyses ofer by ArcOlS spali.t Anllrst

.xlensDn. Al cuftnt stage, iEd bn.s lor 86 lealagcs could b€ found oul by

intsrotine _r,?,4,{E f@tuE clss ofcls md es latag. @mdaiN Md cp.ir

Bords orc6loder lnaomrion S)sten wirh dch odEr to find oi.

lmplemendion of inrra€tive and dyianic web based Cts applicrtioo ior sas

consuneG sould be h.lpful ro aeiv. n.w g6 @nndion rcquesi md ro @ord

co.unq @mpllinls Md gd lelag.s in ClS. This sdd lls reduce €m.r8ocy

Gpons rine and inpov. cusner cpie.

Gas pipeline dislributio. and idsmhsion srslen oISSCC is lery huge, Moual leek

d.tetion suFey for livc leakages ould b€ tine hki.g job md !l$ expensirc. CPS

b.en nobil€ es lqk d.t.ctio t chnololi.s should b. usd in ods b conducr to*suBey mtidly. OIS 6nd RS Ehnololy wld b€ intcgnr€d *ilh rh€se st$ens bidentiry pipelinee ii Eal tine md |o reord leots alons th. rcads or sd€ets.

FunherClS bscd sildi.s ofs6 d.msd &*$ne.t rt oicD t.vet. ia.codsrEtsdblftk lR€l should b. onied our in ordd !o lind ou rhe denod !t eN @r t.vcl.

which sould h. helpful in ihproving nltuEl gs slpply stsreh. Th. demsd

asessm€ntatlhk lcv.l*ould be possibl. by dddingcoosuner sos melq inskll.rions

along wilh soice lin.s inlo GIS ond th.i. inre8ario. wnh CIS for onsuneu billingi.fomation ad gs co.sunption.

Coftnnt. supply and consunption of narual ers lo th. popl. ofKaEchi can only

bc he.suEd thmugh SEles Met€r stario$ (SMS) supplier.noa

slorons ar consumer €nd. Espsivelt, c6 mGurins equipned shoutd ate b.inst llcd 3I i .m.di.!c lw.l. te. TBS 6d PRS in odtcr to n6@ md @ntolun&ou d ror gas (UFO). CIS *ould be h€lpful 10 m.lsuE rhe dilfeen* ofgls

3)

6t

7)

5J

t0)

ll)

t))

tlpplr and consumFion by linlinB g$ ndc6 ar TBVPRS lnd consmed pEdiesthrugh ga distibution mim od *ni.. lin6.

rhe 6re oteas consumprion or den.nd is highd ii winte! dther thd rhe sunner

seMn. CIS-baed $odi€s should be ceded out for d€mand ealysh ofnalumtges in

holh smns, which qould be helpful lo me!3e ov.r rd und.r supply of a6_

Crs pipelin c.peily €xp&sion pojdls !E EquiEd .speiatty for dcnstypopulated s€os. C|S-based sludies should aho be qEied od for capacity anotysis otgds distibutio. systcto. Bsen o. naludl ss densd .spdatty in psk sinr.rscen no.ths, CIS would be helptul b pDpo$d oprinum nduBt g!5

clplcir,r/volum. of a didribudon sysr.d in difeEnr 8.s opcnrins ptsuF stsr.m

OteBtion and mdnrenoe bnes ofgls disnibulion syslcn in K@hi Re8ion !edirT€enl *ilh ib 86 hillins an. boudri6. They shout{t b. digned wirh @h o$.r.Al$. rhe Fanchie aro for oFmrion .d mainF@ce oa S6 di*ibuion sFkm in

K.6chi Region is v.rt la€e od com@ll.d by singk manoSemmr. K@hi shoutd

b€ divided in ro lhr€e or noc opsotional anes in order ro nodg€ it €ffrciedrtt, Th.boundadB or opemtional zon6 would b€ .liSned with rhe exkrins adninisrmdle

unns o. wilh tlE nalual ldueJ bourdlry. i.e_. rhe opcalional mes *p@ledflm ah orh.. b' t*o ntjor riv.6 in Kafuhi,,:s. Mrtn ed Lyri Riv.rboundeies. CIS-b.ed nudies rould b. h.tpfut a6r codpurorim of gd pip.tine

iifrastructure and gas consuner dar.atsse lor eeh zone.

Inad.qu.te reulin insp€tion, mhrduc. md dnodic prc@rion. agins{td s6<taslributio inam{ocluE Equi6 atabilir.tion sort( ad ..€d to be eptaced rnh

too<l quality msterials, This would equire huge in!.nm.nr .nd 3pcial

atunsemenls pobably thrcugh the inrelnalionol aid organiarions tike World Bank,

Asi,n Devclopm.nt 8ank. €tc. Gts {ould be helptul b .siinare ost for DiD.lin.

lt)

l4)

Ehlbilirlrion prcj6rs by cslcurarins piFline lmgrh ed srddad piFtirc t.ying conon lhc bab of qisring or dy olher odminktmtiv. bou.deies.

Ni$ th. drt b! day inc@ in populldon. natuEl BA denond dd d.ptetion ofmrunl gs lmurcs, ir is n@sry rhat Dlbtic a*ffi€s po8@s rbour rhis

cnic.l3ituotion and popei ue ofnaruEl gs c$uees shoutd bs launch.d al tarce

sle by using elecloni. 6 well s prinl nedio.

Unlil lh. atfugedd or nw nduEl ss dd6. natuEl !a suppty pojeb aor ndloMs 4d villages, espeially in Emore e.s which cquic hish inv6h.n! shoutd

nol b. conmen€ed. Also, illesal on.aions shoutd be etiminale! dd sfictpolicyotdisnGtion should b. adopled agsin$ fi. d.rauheis.

A@g.ncnr for lhe suppl, of natunl gas 3hould be n.d. on urgent bsb $ ilh other

neighboring ounties which have high eseryes for noruml gas. Cas supply pipetin€

pmjet betw€en ltr-P.lisktr shoutd b. finatiad on imndiat blsit. Tnough

ape.siv.. but spply of natuEl Bs rh@lgh LNG trtnology al$ cquids Fop€ranention &d inm.di.t. *tions. cls br.ed nudies should be done in designing md

impl€m.nlaiion or $es prcjects.

t5)

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SSCC (2009a), C6 Dtr,fi6!r,, Capacniet 6 on Deenb.r 31 2009. Sui Southem 06Conpany Limited. Kar&hi, Reri€ved M6rch 12, 2010. fmm

hnpJ/l*\.sCp.@n,pld$cr,,infi culctudgG disibltion.php-

SSCC 12009b), Od Tr.Bnision a! M Der.nber 37, ?009, Sui sodhen Cd Compe!

Linncd. K@hi. Retricv.i Meh 12. 2010. lrom

htlp://www.$8c-com.pUssc/i.i.slrudure/96-tEhsmission,php,

st<d.-Tcrry. (, l2ot](t). kkgdins GIS hd the Global l6tDrira s/Jre'. ESRI lnc.

Redl ds, Calilofria, USA, pp. 3340.

Tha*ur. R,. dnd Shma, M, (2009). CIS 4d Challenses to Planhing od D.v.lopnent

Appliotions in P.npheal R.gion* Pla,,int atul s.tiNdmnic Appticatim

Cr@h.ologi6 md th. EnviMmo! volunc l. Cltt ll. I D..nd,en*n R R.

Spdnser, N.lherldds, pp. 128.129.

Thorp., J. A. ( I990), Digital Mapping for Utility CodPsies. Jo!ru/ of Sureelins EngiMi"S

Volune ll6(l). PP l3_16.

vos. H. d. i2OO4). Pictu/e Plmina Penpecnws: Und.daulins lnPtzMution oJ

Aeosaphtcal InJomatin Slsk^ Jor Latul Ue Plming ohd Resulation in lhe Costa

Riran \ate.'l\ela Latin An.rica sdi6. Rombdg Pubti$6. Amnc.ltm. lhe

Nelherld&, pp. l, 4.

Wed.n yer. K. E, (1979), /t eEbP tiutuol O6 SuPplr dttd Intrcstotc Ma*A BetuFid.

EnerSy in the Americ.n (onory. Ano Pe$ Inc, USA, p ?4

Wrishr, N. T., Yoot. J, dd COPRI \2007), .4pplhtt ion oIALS fechtulosies In Pn Facihties

A"tt qpftttioE Mtug.Mt,Edited by wriShl, N T ed Ymn. J. AscE Publications

virginia, US. p.5.

xinhu hglish NswiF (200t), P.lftr..! Enco, crisis ro w(rg in Ncn Trc Yds,fm8nitriu & Ditnlbttion Wodd 1r'4r, lduary 09, 2007, P.nton M€di.. Inc.. N4Yodi, USA, R.lrioql Jeury 26, 2010, fr htF/ dmldd nwvFriie<G8t-

Y.h, A. G{. (1994), D.cieion soppon Mln G..g6ptic ltrf(,mlid sys.mi D.dto,S"ppon Srsbns lu satai@bl. Daelop6.nt: 4 R.ew Soot of M.tho4, and

Appli.dt ttt,Fni,!,lbt Y'ctea. G. E. Mitoldul. z, ltd Yc||' A. G.o., sFlng.r, Us,

Plgp 59J1,

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AtrtrduE"A"

CASSYSTEMGTS GEODATABASf, : BASEMAP AxD CASSYSTEM DATASETS'

FEATURE CLASS DESCRJPTION

'tar.rt4p Dro$l Fa.ure Cbs (A,l)

Lddda is an *rual lmlion of goud fealuts like Hotel, Restaudnls dc lt d.fin6 lhe

lD: tons kteryr JieLl - Objecr lO oflhe Landma*

,va,.r drl€rd - Nme ol th€ Lddmdk

PtinaryClus: ki.fiel.l - Muor cls olrh. rtdmrt;. Conntciul atul &nice: lndwnlal atut Man4dtuiry: lrtttcuttre

Etutaimd. on I Reedhm: atuI dlvs etc

Ssonddlalss:krrrrld-Slconda.yclassoltn Llndm&k

. tlotel, Reiot4hL coll.Se S.hool, Pt4 Grcun.l. Mosque Cheh Mafiaae

Ihlh, Petrcl funPs. gnryins Ceac4 aarl HosPttt dd dhed ek-

Dota lnurce: GPS 86.d Field SurE and Eord.oo ltaps

2, DlriricttledQorner(Poino

Diirict conprke of $ve6l cilics,lowns and villa!.s A Disricl HQ isthe capilalcitv offie

Disdicr. Dislrid HQ h6 b€en epE*nt.d s cenrE poiiB of the difieG urban s€a of the

spralciri6 Dktnct HQ detirc\ th. roll@ in8 chmteri{ics

ID: 1@A i"tegerlitkl Objct lDofDistricl H@d Qu.nd

,\br.: /srrletd- Name otDi3rid Hetd Qun€r

Ddr,.r /crrled- Nam€ ofDhtn.l

Provi,..: atreld - Name of Povince

Data Sourcet llanlcop, Mapt

A toq sto*s ihe h@bnEl .xLnl ofhuno srl.mdts of ud.r lts @hp.i*d by Dirict

bound&y, Town h6 b.c. i€p@snted $ entr€ poibhofdifercnr urbab 6rea Dhtricr Town

delin6 $. follor'ng chlEt rbtics:

tD: l's inPse$eld - Ohid tO of rNn,{a'd: rd, /lerl - Nm. ofToM

District. t ttield-Nan ofDisni.l

Pdvie: rdrrerd - Name of Poline

Duta sorrce: Ead@r'! ItuPs

A Villase/Golh shows th. hotidilal erted of humai 3€nlem.nls i. ruEl ees Thev @ snill'r

in si4 s comp€Ed lo row tr city- vill.8tcorh hs ben rcpEsncd s enc Finl of rh'

paniculd s.nl€nent in ruml aea villtSe/Oolh d.fin.s th€ followinS ch.@terislicsl

!D: lde inteserfeld - Ob:6r lD of Disficr ToM

ddrer r.//i.id - Nm. of village

Dtfuc. reirl€ld - N.me of Dinrict

t/oflr.er rdrttd - Nane or Ptovi.ce

Datasoulc.: Satene Data HanlcoP! M4ps

t R.il@dN.two.L {Litr.)

h epre*nls dilwoy line n.twoik with $e following chaFcleflslr.l

ID: Io"A i,t *rlel.l Objci ID of Rail*.y Line

tz,cr rexrr?/l/ - Nm. ol rh€ Roilway Line

Shqa kryth: double - lagn in M.rd ofRoileay Lin€ Se8n nl

Duta Souet flar.Lopy Mop!

6. RmdN.$ork (Line)

It rcplwnts th. oad anttt line n t*ort *illl th. following ch.lllMercs:

!D: ldg ihtegt Jiel.l Obj.d lD of$e Road C.ntrc Line

,{/@i ter,l.A - Nm. or th. Road

RoaAfype: lett felr - ryp. of$. Road:

. Hisfuay Pritury R@d, Khatabaa, S.mndary Road, geet, Lare' Tract

Shupe Lengh: tlouble - lmgh in M.rd of Road Ccmt Lin. S.gn.nt

Data Satte: SaEIln. Data, llodcop Maps

Districb dd Ciry Distid aE l@l adminisFdive units which e gNp.d !o hm Pmvin6 in

Pakis&n. Thc t m'cny DisLici is ued for ntjor cny ot larse deftpolibn treas h aho

contlins Canroment @as. Dislrict d€ffn.s fte lollo*ing ch.drenslrcs:

ID:longinte.er.fiel.l Obj.ct lD of Dislricr

No,.: r,r&ld . Nde of oisticr or city Dislricr

lturi@: t.ttJield -Nan olP0ince

Popl 998: long integdf.ld -'tol^l Populafion in l99E

Pop201i5: long i,teeer feld - ^tonl Populafion in 2005

Pop2A@: bas i,tesulied Tol.l Populdion ih 2008

stape Arcu: &aftle A@ in S{uN MsLrolDisrict

Dda snm.:9kllitc Dda, Hdkla?t M.tps @.1Irnogtuphic Dda

& Dirr.idTowtr(Polygotr)

It isa funh€r sub-divhio. ofa DistrictoiCny Di$ri.t iexcluding Ca oimeit @at, I defris

U. followirg ch@rcistics:

ID: |o"s intesq fell - Objecr lO of District or city Dislri.t

rop,.vaft: ,er,,,rr&,/ - Nm€ oaTow (lncluding CutoMor A@) in DisLid. mdNm€ ofTo*n and Cantonm.nl A@ in Cily Districl

Dtsrr.r: ?er,&/d - Nme of Distncl or cit, District

ProDtre: ,erfdr' - Nm. of PFvine

Pop199tJ: lus i"teg*fpld TotalPopolltion in 1998

Pop2005: lds kt g.rlEld - fotil Porohtion in 2005

Pop2t N: IunEintet rfetd Toral Popul.tion i.2008

Skaa Aka: doubl. - AM in Sque M.t€r of Dttrict or Cilt Dislricl

D.ta so,rce: Stteltu. Data, Hurdcop Maps and Denosaphic Dah

9, CirtDllrricruniolcoutrcll (Polygon)

Unim C@ncil is ! tur$er suHivision City Dislrict ToM dd ir i. the snlllen uiit olthe lcal

govemnelt adminisldive *tup in 2008. For anllysis pulpose in this esrch woll

C. onde and H.I.T.E aE6 e tl$ m.r8ed *ilh this fe{uE clN lt d€fms th. aollo*ins

!D:tdti eserlreLl - o+'lar lD of Union Council

UC br krlrelr' - Union Council, Canbnmeht nd H. LT.E Code Number

U('Natu: teitell N.ncofUnio. Council.Cantonnd ud H.LT.E

fovdadc:ttnf.ld Nameofrh. City Dinrid ToM, Cantonmol and H.j.T,E

Dtu,rd: /gr,,4.ld - Nmc of Citt Disurct

lrott .?: ,etleLl - Mnc or Prcvince

Pout998: lo"g intqerfell To&lPopul.tion in 1993

ttop2005: lonE i"tcg.t leu - rdd Populetion in 2005

Pop2O03: 16g kkset feld -'rot l Population in 2008

Shape Aea: .loubte - Ac^ ii Squd Metf of Union Council

t aa Sonce: Satellite Dat4 EadcoPy MaF an.l D.nosaphic Ddo

lO wrt rR@une (PolySon)

W.r€r R.source epFsenrs nalunl ed nlnnade *der Mi6 foi @ts other thdn Kmchi

R.gion. lt d.nds following chmctcnstics:

ID: [o]E itteEtleld Obj.cr lD of Wars Body

N!,€: !€,,&ld - Nee of fie Waler BodY

'pdr ,er - Typ€ otthe Scond&y CIN olrhe watd Boiv:

. Sea. ReeMn, Rit r 9Mn Nah ak

Shope ,Lrea: double A@ins4umM.t rotwakrRsurc.

Dda SoB. HanlcoP, Lbps and Saknk Data

ll, L..deak t (Pol'!N)

Led paMl t a unil of land *hich is usally outlin.d @rdin8 to lt.d N Ldd F€eldetn6

lbllouing ehdacteri$ics:

lD: lons iht.Eu.li.l.! object IDofLanduse Block

Iocarb,i /snl.ll/- Lsdion oftjndoe Blsk:. Uttan, villase/Goth

LandlftCl8s: tdtJieA DesriFion olradus Cla:. CS. MA,IM, AERerc.

LandwD"tnptioh: kttJieA De$nptionof Ldd@Clss:. Conn rcidt od S"dice: Military Area. Ihd6hzl and Mduhdtin'a:

Aflr/Ctlture, Entefl.inn hr, und Recte,tion, etc

Stu p,Area: double AM in Sq@ Mderofl-and P.@l

Dal! &turce: GPS ge.t Fi.Ll Strs. Hualmpt Maps an l SaEllile Data

'cdrt$r,r' D.r(Ct feturo clus (A.2)

l. PlD.li!.B.n.hr.rk(Poinr)

A piFlirc b€nchtu k is ple.d 6 a poi.l of ef.c.ce on th. sNnd for rhe identificlrion of

uhderSound tlnsnision pipeline and cilculation oa milessc fon its skri.e poinr Pipelinc

benchma* is al$ ued lor cveal typ6 ofcrc$ines including odt uliliti€s lnd eriesSomelimd, n is ale usd to .@ ihe h.smission line deai6 or feiliri4 B.nchm&t defin6

ID: lonx inteset Jiehl - Objrr lO of Be^chna}.

PRIilMhel tert - ha8nilsion hp.lin Berchtu* Nuhber

Pr,Vtlri ,4d - lndiote tlT. ofbetuh md.. Kitotuter Port Ttrnins loisl, atussing (Road, Hithw.! llatetudrs

Un leryrcund T.l..Mnunicotioh LiN, U"detgrcurd Electrl. Lift Utulergrond

Sew.aEe Lih., tl".lerytuud tn@ Lin., UhA.rymund Gar Lire .k ) t:dhodic

T.st Poe etc.

PRMtdet.ritl: tut - l^di@r. typt of mlFial usd for Bdcnmalt:

. sktl and a.niaePBM<-otniitih: tctt . Ph$t 6l condnion oa Pip€lin. Benchmdk:

. Cdl, Fdt ad Add

PBM,4eailaiiltry: tdt - A.vaildbilily olPipcline Benchntrkon the crcund:

. Phtsicol ard vinMl

PBMlnsewikMonth: textJield Mon$of thePhysical Bench MdkSetin SeBice

PBMtnsadieye@: kn leld - f d ofrhe Phlsi€l Bmch Ma* set in S.die

Dota !trnc.: CPS D6e Field Swey: Eerch nla ldlalathn Motuh atr' vear Nt Aeaildble

2. Srl*Mer.rstttiotr(Poitr0

$les M€ter Sbtion (SMs) n4!rcd lh. g6 .t o point wh.E 96 b deliveEd b distributio.

mpuies fon ccs @onrt ttsmisitr piFlin6. Mosly il is fd lrcm $.loq or ctv bur

sme rime ir nly li. in the lo*n or cilt es. Ii ale provide oth€r tunclions lik€ Edrcing lhe ga

p6uE or ldd $e odd.t for supply mlin to *d lhe popt. obou fie pwncc of mruE gG

in $eirsurcundings. s!l.s Meltr stllion delind lhe lollowing{nrihutes:

ID: las i.kst lield - Obi.<t tD ol SMS

SMs,\bnsi terl"// - Nlhe oflh. sMs

SMstnddPrnsue: htbleleld oFding 66 PassuE Ent.ing SMs

sMslrutcLPrcsw: dorbL lEL! ot dting cd PrcsuG L.aving sMs

sM\!as?nPMo4!h. te,tlpu- Mon$ ofth.5Ms S.r in S.^icSM'lnsenicevear kttlbld-lee ofde SMs Sd in Sflic.

IMa Sooe: U?S B6.tl Field Stu y. SMShAasPr*luE ond SMSOT(htPt3lve e.re no1

3. CoED|Borshtiotr (Poid.)

ConplEsr Slalions N usd lo dhNe fie gas pnss which b lost lhdugh th. friction of the

Mludl gas movins rhmu8h dc stel pipe rMsmirsion pipelin. h defi.es rollowinc

ID: lnng ihteser.fpl.I Objdt lD ofcompEsrSr ion

CSiVa,cr rerrleld - Nme of lhe compreer Sbtion

PODI^9ni@Lb,nh: tu! Ji.ld Month oa$e CmpEsr S6li@ sd in SdiePoDlns.Nic.lear: kn ield - y €tr of th. Cdpe$or Station Set i. Seric.

Dda Saw: GPS Bed Fi.ld SuNf

4. ClPoi ofi'.liv.ry (Poi!t)

Cas Poinl of D.liver, (POD) neAued $e g6 ar !n .ereed poid *her. sas is collecled fon

8s fi.ld opmb6 dd delit.r.d to lrasmisio pip.line ndmlt. Som.lides. n is lh. s.ning

o. z.o poin ofl.ansmision pipeline, Ors PointofDelivery d.fines lhe followingsmibules:

ID: ldg i,pserlield - Ob:<1 tD ofc$ O.lilert Poinl

PODNade: k,t Jield - Nake ot 6e Gls Dclilery Poinr

PoUio$ield: ldt fel.l Nmeof al.velGs Fi.ld

PUDl"knRMonrh. t^t fel,l Monlh of$e POD Sd in Se^ ice

PUDInSanRfeot rnI.U - vedofthe POD Ser in smic.

Dato $,rce: GPS Savd Fiel.t St^cy

s. rdlBord.rstrriotr{Poi!0

To*. Bodq Surio. OBs) is usd b r.due $e pBuE for di*ibution min from spplv

mrin pipeline. Il mat ale b. used lo fr4suE the gis r*iv€d foft sopply nains throuCl gas

merer. Mostly t located .d the lown or €iry bul i. ce of big city it may li. in the loM ot

ciry a@. ToM Bodd sirtion defin6 thc lollovi.g ltrribulcs:

ID: l@tr ihkgerlEl+ Obiecr lO or'rB5

aA.S,Ur.: r.t.rdl./ - Nan. ofrh. TBS

TBsl"IiasPresurc: tloubb.lield Opeding Cs PresuE Enlering TBS

T4so,lAalPrcssut.: t,,ubleJield - Opcnting Cas PEsuE Lesving TBS

GasPturlttuSlst n: tett leU -Nmc of the C6 PresuR synem AreG6Pre$@srstenlw: kn feld - Tt?e of $e cs P|sur Sysr.o A@

. ttuemw.kn. ltulutezl

OfPksmsreeasl\lce: tett ield - Tt?€ ofcs Presu€ Syst m SeBice Aaa

. Irtunic/(bMial, In&inolTasuvNc.riodh r.,lpld Monrholfie lBSS.th sdRTB.slis.rvtevm: ktt lieltl -'lqr of the TBs Set in Seryice

Data $ue: CPS Bed Field Suw} ea PressR Doa, fB.SlnctPressup tua eert tut

6. PB!rcR.gubtorst rior (Poi.0

A P6sur Regularor Stltioh {PRS) is . device which is used lo conhl th€ rat. of e6 flo} to

dainbin $. ddirEd pEsuE l*l wilhin $e disibulion s'slem, Moely n is |cded in lne rown

or cny ms.ll could bc only one for sall bwn or cn, Md pEsnt oulside oflhe @w or cit,

de. PressuE Regulator defines th. folloqinc ottribures:

ID: ld. i"teEer feld- Obj..r tD ot PRs

Pxsxdrdr arre./d - Name ofrhe PRS

PRslnGasPrcere: double feLr Opdti.S C6 PEsrc Ent€rinl PRs

PR'ot ;darestre: huhlefeld Op.r.rinsc6 Pasw lsving PRS

eosPrcsttesrith: tdt lield - Nme of th€ Cos Pftssure stsiem AEa

GNPrc*rtestiehht: Et liel.l - Type of th€ Ods Pe$oe Sy$am AEa

. Iturdweted, Ifllatc.l

AarPre*"Estiens.flie: te,llieLl Type of cas P6sorc sysr.m s€ryice A@

. DotuttE/( omrercial, Indutuial

Pk'l^\.niceMonth kttlekl Mon$ olde PRs Sd in t^icePR5t"s.tuh.v.at bn .feld - \qr ofrhe PRS sd in Sedice

Dda source: 6PS B6e.l Fiel.t S']rut, cs hessw Dda, PR.SLcrprelJ@ Dota

vere M tuiloble

Cd volv€ p€mits or pGv.nB thc llow oa Ss in rh. dislribrrion pip.lire ndwork. 11 dd] b€

.bov€ or u&r the smund, Cs Valv€ d.lins rhc fouowine an iblas:

ID: 1o"g integer teld - Obj.cr tD of Aa V^lye

eYob.Nam: Et feld - Nd. ofth. Ca Vd\c

OValreTW !: tetl feld - Nffi oflh. Pip€line Nelwoi{ o C6 Valve used for:

. C6 Dhtintion Mtin ad G6 Suppl! Maih

GatvalwTrpe2: tqtfokl Tr?e ofca vdre. Eneryen r vube, G6 Press@ Stst n ,4r@ Bifurcation trabv

evabeM.tte al: tett lizll - lndiet smat rial oiO.s Valle:

. P.E a"d geel

Avabegalb: kn fetu - O!Er*in8 Sbtus ol Gas v.lve:

. OtEredor Cl.ed

Gvalwsi..: talibd - Sid of Cavrlte.. 0I Iuh, 02 lhch ac.

Gtlatuel&ni.eMonth: bn lield - Month oflhe Cas Vdlve Set in S.pice

Avabelst niceven: Ei 1.1.1 - Y6 oarh. c6 Vrlve Sd in S.oice

Dota Sauk: Hardcopr Map!: Fot G.tvabestatu! ahd Garrul,eNMe Datu Nol

8, G.sDtulrlbutionFldlng! Goinl)

Cd Did.ibotion Finif,gs N lnc d.viei ichjoin fte pi pel in6 of 8ss d'sldbulion net*orl, lr

defi nes folloqing chaEct ristics.

!D: lohs liteger leld - Ohiecr lO d At FitrinA

GDFPipe:ktfeu NmeofdE PiFlim aCs Fiuing uFd for:

. ann Dinibdion Main dA A6 !tupplt Mai,GDFltw: tqt lield TyF olrh. Crs Finins:

. ElAa\. Uullet r.. R.ttr.uAt?e,End(apeL

GDFMakAal: tqr letd - lndi@Es rol.rj.l of C$ riningl

. P.E akd steel

GDFsi2e: tdt Jtl.tt Siaof CaFinins:

. at tnch, 02 Inch, 01 Irch etc

GDFRdanoi: tunlled Roution ofcs Fining in Deg@sAccording b Pip.line Atignnc

GDl"*dieLto"th: ld feld - Mo.rh oflhe c4 Fining S.t i. sdieCDl"S.nidf.ar: d feld - Yq ofd. C6 Fining Sd in s€d'e

Data Sotu: Hunlc.w Maps

9. Cotr$D.rMct . (Poir.)

conson.r Mcto n€sues th. nos 6re ofde s.s lo delemine the emount being deived by lhe

cu$omer. h defines loltowing .hs..t ristics.

tD: I@s i"tage4e Id - Obj&t lD of Consuna Meltr

Cw"nbef: kn feld Melsr Number ofcosum.r

Cl etialMunber: tdt Jiled - S.ricl Nunber of Consumer Merer

CMrw: td! lield Typ. ofth. Consuner Met iCMCMwrlto: tdleld CaBillin3Numb.rof Csromd

Cw.*tuneMo,th: rqt fenl - Mon$ of dE Consumd Me&r Ser in S.frieCM!"S.nictlear: tei lELl - \.cr of th. Consmer M.ter ser in Seoic.

Dat! s.tft.: Dda Not AvilobL

lO CnTnmoilsiotrPiFlirc (Lh.)

A hiSh pRssure pipeline which rn.smils Bas frch Cas Detilery poinr b Satcs Merer gllion is

known as e6lransnision pip.line. c6 t@sfthsion pipetine denn€s to owi.schamcredstica.

ID: Io,E i,!.g..leA - Obiar lD ofTtusision pi!.linc Sesm.nr

GTPrtpe: enfptd Typ. oaTEnmission Pipelin.

. Mak Ttu^hislion Lire, T/antdbsion Star ftonsiistion L@p-titu,

TruBnisrion lht.4irk

GfP Dia: doubl.fetd lr is Int msl Dimeter oalh. Tdnsmission piFtin :

. 16lrch. ltt lnch, 20 trch, 21|ftt..tc.GTPI^*^ieModh: t xt.lietd Molh of$eTnnnhsion Pipeline S.r in S€dice

GTPths!^teYar: kn lekl - yw oflheTonsmhsion Pipeline Set ii Setuice

GfPA(b*ainsPtu$ure: tuuble Jield A\.aA As Operatin8 Prc$uE in T.dsnissioi

GTPMP(vptutidgPrcszre: Double lEL! - M.xinum C6 OFBtins P6surc in

Tnnsmisio. Pipelin.

GTPMdintanarce: tet Jield - tndicares Nane of rhc H@d Quaned ddinraining $e T.dsnissioi

. rar@hi (Kf) Itdetuba.l (HQ3), N@4bshah (H92),S,lk!rlHQu s'hiktrptr

HQ, anl Irifu HQ

shz4,Lenslh: double L..gth in Mele[ of T@sni$ion Pipeline S.sn.nt

Data Seuae: GPS Bed Field Sude! and Ha.dcop! Maps

r r. G!Di.rribrriotrLin. (Li!.)

Cs Ditrriborion Lin€ stden catr be clsified inb thM car€8ori6. le. 'Supply Main.'Distribulion Main md Servic.s line. A nediun pessure piteline which tDNnns e6 iomSMS lo TBs h kho*n 6 Supply Mdinsr Low pessuE pip€linewhich tdsnils C6 fon TBS or

PRS lo .nd cdsunss pcmBes b knoM 6 c6 Dist burion Mainsi A li.e which onndrsdisttiburion nain od @mumtr s glas nerer is clll.d _Sflice LinC . All thF rtp6 of tipcli.es

ID: lons inteEqf.ld - ObJecI lD of Cas Distibulioi Line

?ir"r dr,r€ld Type oac6 Dbtribuion Lin

. G6 Didrihutio. Mair, A6 SWI, M.ih and Sztu'.. Lire

GDDio: tloubleJield - lr isrhel em.lDime&rofc6 Dist.iboion Line:

. !aM,63nn, t25nn. Bonn, 3U l"ch, 01 lrch,02 lrch, A4 lnch,06 ln h. 0u

GDl"SznieModh: k,t feld Monlh ofth. cs Disrribution Lin. Ser in S.oics

GDIhszfli@veat: t 1liel.l - \e* oalhcCs Di$ribution Lin€ Set in Sedice

GDMd.ri.l: td l.A - Medal ol th. Ca Dinribltion l-in.

. Steel ald P E

C6Ppswsteem: ktt Jield - lld€ ol de Gs Pftsue System Ar.g

GBPpswEtenltpe: tat fuld Ttpe of$e C6 PESE syst m Ae". ItutuNded,Itultul

G6Pp$urcsynensefli.e: 121led - Type of C.s Prcssure St$.m Seruie Arc.

. Donenic/Conh.tial, Inde;alGD,4opcntinsPresurc: DorbteJteld - Av€6g. Gs Op€iztins P6su€ in ohuibudon Syim

cDMopruti.aPesw: Do'hte Jiel.! - Mdinrh G6 Opedting PressuE in Disftibutio.

GTPMai.tenance: tei.fkld - lidides Name ofdc Had Qune6 maintaininB $e Gs Pip.lin.

. (Karu.ht IKT), Hyd*abzd (HQJ). Navabshah (EQ2), St*IulHQl), Shikaryar

Eg ad Mu HQ)

Shape,Iinsth: .tuunk - L'ettt i. M.l.r ofDistriburion Line Scgm.

Data satu : Eaalq"'f Maps and Cls Presuft slem Data

d€ pan or 96 dislribuion line Net*ort. Cas Disibulion Pipetine defines toltowine

12. DiDeNionl-in.(Lift)

Dinension Line is used o fi.d underSround 8a pipeline. h shoss di$ece b.tBM p.rmoenl

la@ litc ldd psel and gat diiribltion piFlift wh€e n is ctually l6id d lhe rc.d or ster-

h defines lollowing anribute.

!D: ldg i eger lield - Obje<x lD ofDinensionLine

Dista,e: ta6.ld Adul Distse in Fc.r

DaraS.uw: Haaldte Maps

13. Rignioo.y (Polrgotr)

Rigl of wtt h . st ip of ldd grt.t d ld a sa l@smision piFlim nel@*- Ridi of Wav

d.nnes the follo*ins snribules:

tD: tnnqinkserJield Objot tD of Tnsnission Lin Corndor

ionabrer ,er, . Nme ollhe TMsision Line C6idsRo1lMaintetu,ce: k,t fleld - lndi. rd Nm. of lhe H.ad Qlart€6 maidaining |h'

fBnrision Pipe li.. cmi{ror

novwiAh: Bt lieLl lndicates Totll widlh oflne TMsnissioh Lin. Codidor

ShaF Area: duble - Aain 59@ Met€r of RiSh of Wsv

Dala $utc.: ltaal 6pr Maps ahA $2tch

l:1. BiltitrgR€gio! (Polypn)

Silling Region has the lsgest adninisdttive serup lor ev€rv no.$ meter sding dd gos bill

di$ibulion *nich defin6 ti. follding chd(qisrics:

tD: lds i'ks?4iel.l Objer ID of$e Billing R.gion

,l,vumi ret - N@ of th. BillinS Rcaion

Shape_.4ea: double Am in S{uN M.tr of Bitling R4ion

Data *'ure. Sllll,g area Fed@ c16s

It Billliszon. (Pobs@)

Billing Zm€ ir $e ebiivi3id of Billing Regi6 Bounb.y Billing zw d.fiB following

ID: lohg tntegutieA Objct IDolthe BilllnsZon.

tzNatui rd - Nnc of the Billio! Zm€

Shdpe _,[rea: dotbL - aea in Squ€ Met!. ol BiUing Zone

Data Sorre: Bilins Atua Featu4 Clas

16. subBillinizo!. (PolEo.)

Ir i. flnh.r sub division ofBilling Z@. bound{y Sub Billing Zd. d.find follNine aniibuc:

ID long inteseti.A Obj6r lD ofth€ Sub Billing Zde

taz,{drer r€r, . Nm. ofthe sob Eillins zoft

Stape Jm: AAne Aq in Sq@ Meicr olsub Biuingzjne

Dota tuurc: BiIi ns arce F.eE Cla

l?. ElllbcAM (P.ltgd)

h is d. 3nalld urit of p€sl ldninillttrate etP fo. nottlv mar dding and 8a bill

dislriburion which defin$ following anribltca:

lD lo"g integlfEld Obj@r lD ofthe Billing Ad

ta Cadi E - Co.L Nrds of Bilila A6A,{,V,vd!i ,ar - r,hne ofli. Bilbc A6&stia&ze: d -tlffioftb $0D Bmh8zd.,in aA d - N@ ofdE A[ht zd.lllr€&ridr d - N@ ofoc 8ifia R.don

Ad(dery.iot2lfi: btd. ftu - rdl Ddic Cmqtim of N.tnl c- nm lu|y

20O? io r@ 2qts

S[g._r,f &ir& - Art. ln sCE! l'r.t dBil,Ur8AE

M. tu€: W" qlet ttct66 N &|.6tet ad Ca C'{'tPtbt

Annelurc"4"Nf,W GAS CONNf,CTION BUSINf,SS *ORI( MODEL FLOW USING GIS

lo mmge $. busin€ss sorlflos osins GlS, the s.odMb.s. O,l.s.t'l,s/du cls hs bed cGlted

in O@le l0gR2 (RDBMS) *ilh th. help ol AtCIS Sp{iol Dakb.* Engin€ (SDE) h6 b€.n

orgdi4d in two featuGdrtasec, i.., saeMap 6nd Calslsten.

CElring geodalobGe in RDBMS usins ESRI sporial Dalablse En8in. (SDE) provid6 nuhi!s.dning ieiln) al th€ sm. time. This sllo$ u*a (t.void i e.ferins wilh lhe vork or

oth.r us6 qho ha, bc woding on tne se latm or in thc sme e.ogaphic aEa. Tbe nuhi-

us .diting f&ilit, is mainrained though pdnt/child vdionins conept. v.uion is an

alrcndire condnion ofrhe dalaba$ which h6 n in<r.p.nddt oMer, ighc md . dsriptid

As d qmpl. b d.line $e CIS basd entiE bu.ins workflow model aor nw $5 conction

in SSCC, Usine veNionins @ncepr povided by SDE in RDBMS. aufior has created E scen.rio

in shich a SScc s lic.nsd ontnctor is appli€d for ne s6 com4lion in a Bid€.dal Ga

naned culshm€-Kh@ Farimr' ol Kmchi Cny. conr@lor has pDvided the nm* ud

addEss of lhe custon.6 tlons wi$ $e paper n.p for sitc laarion delelor.d bv rhe rhird

prny consutn dpldneu. Al lhis stasc. qisring CtS do no! hs. ba* nap inlmalion of

Cubhan-e-(aneez F6tima. Inskllatio. ofnew PRS/TBS and.arhodic Potction svstem h not

b€a di$usd in lhis $cn rio-

Since salei Plannins. Conshdion ed Utilialion d.psnmdb ft involved in tle conplc

busioBs sork flo* of nes 8as onnelioni lheFforc, lhe gcodahbas. admink6br lmn lT

dep6ft6enr has csl.d rour osu (Table Bl) lilh etu'n p.misaons on m6ter or p.Eht

vedon SDt i. O@le RDBMS,

lable Bl: CIS Us ad N.wGsConKlid

2

l

A n.w Dolygoo faruE class t/o*-te4,€t hs alcady ben c@ied in lhe Oass)'r,.t dale*t

Birh $e followins annbute:

,:sr ?eri - N@e of thc us or d6igEr

rvor|Onle D: tel - ldeftincarim numb.r oa wol|( od.r

Narr: dr - Nd. ofrhe AE!

connectid: text T$e ofgas connetionsi Domeslic. conmercial. lnduslrial

OFErinsst.rus: ?.r, - Inili.ted, D.sig'ed. Desiensd od Appoved undd Consttldion. tnd

R.que*R.f.rTo: trl Ndc ol thc d€p€nmd . ..* Nqci is Efened !o; sal's. Pldning'

Conslruction, md Utilidion depannent

Comncnts: text Comftn$ ofde u$r or d6iCner

Tso fi.lds, ,.e . OFiatinssltts ed 'Worttu rlD hat. ds ben cdLd i' tll Espelive

lateN of Casslslem dauset ro roinlai. th. worl now of n.w gas connstions'

O. deili.g ln dques! Sales depllrment sign d Bmk No 0l ed Seri.l No- 0l lo ncw

ftq!.s. SurdCDUoFns lh. G,r.itr,€,Ols Geld.r.bs s pat.t te6ion "SDt

in ANCIS

ArcMap by connecring on efrer nehine using SPrtial Dtub.se Co"h"tio" slleGDU

c@t6 ! ne* child veBion 'rllol,rXol Str'0, fom the paEnt veBio4 whtE t/X ''r

dd tIN'WoA ReqE!, B@* No

^ d Srial No Espaniv€lv Sg/'GDU srched th€ area

(Cllshan{-Kdez Fa1in6) in ArcCtS Map and dark.d 6 Area ot Intdn in the

'rl.,1R?4!grr' fearuE clss *nh fi. lollo*i.g annbuB:

,r'ork(r.ler! D : BNA I SN4 lNtu: c"l ua-Kee2 Fatim

Oprdi"gkd6: lnilialed

R4 re s I Re./e I To : P ls h h k s De pa fl fl . " I

&lercDu.le giv.s &re.r] INrt, DeleE, Upthv priritegesb PImi,gGDU a.hildwhlh lfRAl BNAI SNOI md .'"ls.t privileg.s lo C,u,n rionADU 8d UtilizutioncDL.

9/dCDU 0.n emoil or senl the cq!.* mdullly b r'/d,,i,iCDu *nh au ne6s..) dclaih like

cnild v€6ion nama l@ation mp, boot number, erial nuBbd, !B load ed addrcs 6r rhe

On Feivinslhe dqu6! /ld,ti,scDuopms the child thion l/i0, at0l-S,V01 inAtcls

ArMap b' conncting on *Nd nehi^e siry'Sratial Atubae Gwdion

P/a,,i,sCDU first cded .ll infomdion usins Pt+Er msp ofihe Culsho<_Ke@z Fatifra in

'rdwMar''d.tlst l.yes Md @ncile dd pos tn€h lo ptrc vesion SDE Reconciliation in

Arcts is th. pd6s of uPd.ring a v.Bion of a g@dlrrbs *ilh chd8's m!d' i! molh€t

vesion. Thh My additional i.fomalioh has b€en .dded in the D^eMaP d6t*t lzv'E lor

finuF 86 @nn*rions s cll s rhis @nn*lion.

An r $e d.velopmcnt of b€* ntg infoturion. PlomindiDu d.tigned distribllion pip'liN

ftom lhe exisring di$nbutio. mdin along with all infoma(on rcquircd bv resrecdve

Cdsrrt r'darar hy.6, PL,,',sCDU ale en6 D.sisned Md BNol SNol in the

'Operatingsktut and worlontedD' fietds rcsp$riv€lv in dalset hvtrs of Gdssllreh and

l|id .mail or ed brck the Fqud b S,/eODLr

h is impondt h.rc |o note $ot huhiple ue6 fom Plenin! depanme ce do sork

simulE.musly for the developnenr ofbase msp and desisning ofdhtdbulion nain pipelin. by

cMtirg sutsch ild v.u io.s o f chi ld v.6ion rxol Br\'rl_Sl t?:Now. the anributes ol ,':ortR.q!er/ f@lue cl!$ is as uhder:

vo orde.lD: Bt[ol -SN0I

Na ne : Cul stah-e- Kme. Futina

Op! rut i.agcta : It liEned

R. 4 re st R.le rTo : sale s De pud m dCdn.nb: DkttihttlM mlin reqtircd

on the b6is of desien poposd by Pldning dep.nment SaLs depannfl esrina|es tn. cos

isu.s ne Job ctrd numbet ,ac//r9 wh.re ,BC h the Job Card numb... 3nd foNzrd $e

requ.st for rtnagpm€nl alpotal sd/scruchflg€d BNol-sNol o'BNol SNOI JBCll09'

in Wod(OrdqID field of all feature cl.ss of Gssvstem datlset Now lhe {tnbutes or

'workRequ.n FearuE Cla @:

,rot*O le D: BN'l SNot-JBCI1t)9

Nod. : Gulsho,- E lffiu Fdim

O pe tu| i nA' a t 6 : De t iSned

Req e i Rel,rIo: Sol.t D.Pdrtwnt

(Mntnts: Dktib,lion mtin requned, cae.to4aldrd to turusenent lot dt'Pt@ol

Ar this suge, il fie dt!e$ is not appmle! bt $e n!M8.m€nt th'n child ldsion

'WROI-BNOI SNO| will b€ delet d bv .tr/eCDU dd co Eclor aill be infom'd bv Stl6

D€pannent aboul thc manogeodr d.cision

Afi€r 8efti.8 nanog€hent appoval. Sa&cDlt ae.in enail or snd th. rcq!.sr\o PltmingtiDu

lor sdling No Objd Cenillcates iion Cily Dislricl Covcmmtrr Kdchi lite for rcod cutings

er. dd onsrruclion sork. Now $e altributc of ,/dfttuqkr, fedroG clss @:

volltr.lzrlD: Bil,l ltN,l JBC|109

Non : GulsheE-rereE FotiM

ope M iryS! 4 6 : D. t i W d and appo e d

tuq re st nderlo : P lobni"g DLPartunl

ConMd' N(rc ftt too.l co6ttution vo* of distributid nah is equirtn

Up on l@iling NOC. Pld,,i,sODU entil or send cq!.* wlfi all tl.vanl infomltid

CoNtruclion depaio.nl lor onsldclion wolt ol dttriburion mlin pipelin. Th. attnblt.s

'I,/,rli€ql.i fealue clas crc nowl

wolot b D: BNol -Sli01

JBC|109

llana: Gulsha E Ktneez Fatina

Ope I a i ngSr u I u s : U nler co ns t I ud to,

R. 4 ue s I xele rf o : C o I i tu t ion tte par ! m dcomneats: NOC re(ire.| .nd @na@tion vo* is ih proaPs

On K€ilins the rcquesr. (b,vzdrb,CDu op€ns lhe child ve6i'n wRat B il SN4t in

A(CIS Map by conndinS on eB.r machine using SPatiuI D'ltabase I onne'tian Ger rh'

Frinbur from CIS &d iss6 inslruclions lor in$llhtion of d6isn.d dhtnburion min Field

cFws aE dispalched to th. Rort l@rion and consltuclion begins. once construcl'on 6

@dprd€. n.B c€*s prcvid. (,,rnrclto,,!Dl ki$ e s_buih sk'th- < o"!rurtionc DU sdth€ complelion repon to &lsGDU ond ,sbuilr sk.tch lo Plarri'scD{l

PIankinsGDU nake alt rhe edirins tasks in CIS os hdrked b! the lield crcvs of Co.structio.

depdment- na,,,,,sa,Du ale cnl6 l.r* in th€ Ope"n as,,/d li.ld of tll latcn or'GarS/J,€, dalet 6nd reconcil.s and pcts the inlooarion to parcnt veBion '.SDA. Now lhe

atuibuts of ,,/o*xcqrev td@ d6s @:

vortor.l. D: BNal SN'l,JBC 1109

liatu : Gtlshah-E- Kmez Fatina

Conketu: Di\tribtttiu nai| i! rea.lr,fur knice litu ahd 8 mk/ lMuution

After laying disnibltion main, So/escDU gere€t s lO disits cunoms occount lD lik€

'JOr56700 t ind Fi.U Actieitr' i6 Cu$omd Inlomation svsrem (ClS) Now lhe

'wo*okle D is chsle t6 'aNal.svol JBclI|g ro calD301567a00o *lere cArD

ele6 to Customq Accounl lD, Sg&CDU $nd the Gquest lo Utilianion dcpadmcnl for s.die

lin dd Brs ner.r i.nlllalion dd al$ infmed Planins depanmd! NN $' attribur's ot

rorllte4,err' leltuE class are:

wt tO d e r I D : c ArDi045 61 qrOO

Nane: A shd-E-ratue. Fdtiw

Ope tu| ksSa! a : Und./ coNmtion

R e q u s I R ele lf o : Ut i I i zal ioa

CnaMtt: tnta di@ of ediee Ii4 and 8L\ n*r is in pro*ss

rhe cques. Lr,r'ri:drio,6Du oFns fie child veuio' tlRol 8n0t Sn,l in

bt conn*ting sryq ft&hin. using Spadal Datobse ConnKrion Get lh€

cts dd issud insrruclions for insrrllsrion of*nice line cnd gas meter' Field

Pl.hhihscDu nake the erice line and gss mder ss pe. ebujtr skerch intomltion.

PbnnnscDli 6le.nten ,4rtiw inthe Oprutins,ratlt fietdof atl Etevot asluE ctes ofc6.tr,., d.laet lid l@nciled md po$ed th.m lo p@m vmion sDt . Nos lh. .nribues

of 'rdlX?rr€rr'fdtuE cl6s e:

wortordc D: C,l ID3U567&n0

Nani : G.l! hun-E-Kune* Futi na

Comeds: Joh (o$pleted,.wRot BNot sNot ncdt ro b€ d.tet€d.

cEws @ disp.rched to rhe *oit lodio. .nd coisrirctioi begins. Once con$rucrion is

complerd, thc fi.ld cGs provid.n uilizttion<;Du *irn e as$uilt stdch. wolt comptetion

apon is *nt lo Ssles depanfre ed 6-built skerch to Pleninc depaftment.

The new g.s conn.ction equesl, nappin8 ol be mp sd gas distriburio. slsr.m infom.tion is

compl€ted simult.neusl,. Finally,&rls$Dud.t.ted th€ child v€Eion.rrRot BN4t:t^*,r'.

A Gls baed nodel diagmm for businBs work l ow prccds lor a new gls onnection in Soi

Soothed Gas Compm! n shoM in Fisurc BL ESR| revide adwce lmls for bdld conrot on

busin6s wo*nos mdagcn.nt lhmugh ils JTX Exrdsion for ArcClS. By using JTX E ension,

a 86 diliry omp.ny nsy .nnoced md apply mod.l in mN orgei2ed sd sinplifi.d

riguR Bl. cls Baed ModeltorBu.ines worl Flos PlGs for\es Lsconnatioi

Anldrrc"CnM XIMUM GAS CAIACITY/VOLUMf, ANALYSIS IN GAS DISTRIBUTTON M INS

NETWORK OF KARACHI REGION

Gs volun. Matysis h6 ben Fnone4 ol caiDiltibaionMai, l..t!e cl6s (Annexurc

"A dd FiguE 4.2) b.ed on muidum opedi.g pcsso6. ie, 30Ps/ 6 ftnriond in srion2.3.2. UDlipeliEDia-. GDMOpercri,sPeetu tnd sh.pe_L.nst, fi.ldr har b..n ustd in

C6 volume i. Nmrl Cubic Mcler iNM') lor och dh[ibutio. nlin h6 b..n alcularcd

cording b lollowing tule ofthuhb:

fiumb Rule = Muhiply lh. sque of the didctd of pipeline. in /,cr.r, hy 6. ope.lrin!

prcsurc, in lDSl: hultiply rhis bt 0.372 9 (Conslont Vllue)j ths answ.r h rhe appoxinare

numbs ofcubic h of gas (sr.nddd conditions) in 304,8 m€ter (t000 t e0 ofpipetinej mlttipt!Ih. ds*!r *irh cl@l lengh of piFline egm.d dd divide il wilh 304.8 to sd rh€ votun. in

SCF; finallt divide $e ans$sr *nh 17.126 ro s€t rh. volum€ in Noml Cubic Md€r ( | Nom.lCubi. M.tci = 3?.126 Shdad Cubic Feet)

l)sinc FieM caLtuldot, abole menlion.d ru|. of rhub h6 bcen &DIi€d on n.w'D'lrihuio,Mtinyolutu fictd I ps following fomot.:

Each Ohtibuion Main C6 Vollme (NCM) = Pipelin. Dia X Pipelin. Dia x l0 X 0,372 X

Pipeline Lcnsth / 304.8 / 17.326

To €lculal. bbl es volum. in dilTwnt s6 p6suc sysren ,rea .s,zzary S,anrr'.r'lnalysk

|ml hd b<.n !$d. D,s.trr&b,,Vzi,yalze fi€ld h6 b€o uerl a Starist'cs Fi.ld *hc6'UCNune, UcNo, 'IdMNlrfl have b€en us.d rs Cds€ F,elr',.nd outpul rlble h6 b<.n

eved a Uc rotdlyDlt@ , Bsed on UC. o 6s conmon ltrdbure fi€td, the labte is

r€mpoEily joined sith (ibDteri.tuhioncoufril t ttt€ elss a\4 Union Council *is rorll

96 volude ha h€.n shiftd in ncw ndd Ua catrutw tsine.Filed Cllcul.toi.

As shoM in FiguE Cl. gs clD€.iq/blum Mttsis n p for U.im Councit ns hen&velop€d using N.ru6l Inrffil' clNificlriM $h.ft 6 .UC O6yotw fgtd oi"CittDidridLhiN(Mir fdlE ds. Tom wis di$iburim nrin ndrvoltcaplciry/volun. h dv.n in lollowing T.bl. C l.

Toble C I I Town Wie Mdinum Disniburion Mains Nerwo& C.Ddrv/Votume

"il#i-" talJt69 0.06

214.53 0J5581,86 l.0l761,9 Ll4884.t5 t.l ll0t6,tl \.57D48,16 2.00

t496.67 2.22t680.t6 2.50180t.85 2.68r848.652M7.t9 t_042155,95 1.50

Blldir 255t.88 3.19

2564.97 3.31

lt 15.05 4.61

321E.97 4.87

t361.55 5_mH.r.T.E.(Hab) 3894.91

.1987.89 5.9142)9.t2 6.10

s,t,T,E. 4828.00 t.t1563t.17 3.17

6t61.201435.70 lL05

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