Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Thermal ...

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Vol. 60, No. 252 2021. 7 ◆特集:オープンソースソフトウェアを活用したCAE Vol. 29, No. 3 2021. 7 Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Thermal Science and Engineering

Transcript of Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Thermal ...

Vol. 60, No. 2522021. 7

◆特集:オープンソースソフトウェアを活用したCAE

Vol. 29, No. 32021. 7

Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Thermal Science and Engineering

2021 7 J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

: :

OpenFOAM Salome-Meca

OpenFOAM

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OpenFOAM

https://www.htsj.or.jp/journals/2121.html

Vol. 60 2021

No. 252 July

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CAE Elmer ·································································· ··········· 46

OpenModelica ······················································································· ··········· 52

JSME SERIES IN THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION ········································································ ··········· 59

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Vol.60 No.252 July 2021

CONTENTS

Opening-page Gravure: heat-page

Tomoyuki HOSAKA, Kenta MITSUFUJI, Taisuke SUGII, Naoki YONEYA (Hitachi, Ltd.)

Takuya YAMAMOTO, Sergey KOMAROV (Tohoku University) Opening Page

New and Former Presidents' Addresses The 59th Term in Retrospect

Katsunori HANAMURA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) 1

Inauguration Address as the 60th President Tetsuo MUNAKATA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) 2

The 33rd Heat Transfer Society Awards Report from the Award Selection Committee of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan, 2020

Takaharu TSURUTA (Kyushu Institute of Technology) 3

On Receiving Scientific Contribution Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Qin-Yi LI, Koji TAKAHASHI (Kyushu University),

Xing ZHANG (Tsinghua University) 5

On Receiving Scientific Contribution Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Ichiro UENO (Tokyo Univ. Science), Hayate NAKAMURA (Tokyo Univ. Science),

Farzam ZOUESHTIAGH (Univ. Lille), Harunori N. YOSHIKAWA (Univ. Côte d'Azur),

Lizhong MU (Dalian Univ. Technology), Georg F. DIETZE (Univ. Paris-Saclay),

Takahiro TSUKAHARA (Tokyo Univ. Science) 6

On Receiving Technical Achievement Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Yuji SAITO, Yoji KAWAHARA, Phan THANG-LONG,

Harutoshi HAGINO, Bradley ORR, Akihiro TAKAMIYA,

Singh RANDEEP, Ahamed Mohammad SHAHED (Fujikura Ltd.) 7

On Receiving Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Zhenying WANG (Kyushu University) 8

On Receiving Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan Masaaki HASHIMOTO (Nagoya University) 9

The 58th National Heat Transfer Symposium of Japan Report on the 58th National Heat Transfer Symposium of Japan

Naoe SASAKI, Saburo TANAKA, Futoshi MIYAOKA (Nihon University),

Atsuki KOMIYA, Junichiro OKAJIMA, Eita SHOJI, Yuki KANDA (Tohoku University),

Takahiro OKABE (Hirosaki University),

Yoshihiro KONDO (Hitachi Academy Co., Ltd.),

Kazuya TATSUMI (Kyoto University),

Hiroshi KAWAMURA (Suwa University of Science),

Akira HOSHI (Tohoku Gakuin University),

Shuichiro HIRAI (Tokyo Institute of Technology) 10

Best Presentation Award - 58th National Heat Transfer Symposium of Japan - Takashi NISHIYAMA (Fukuoka University) 21

Special Issue: Open-Source Software and CAE Preface to the Special Issue on “Open-Source Software and CAE”

Shinji NAKAGAWA (Toyama Prefectural University) 22

Current and Future of OpenFOAM The Community that Supports Development and Maintenance Takashi MINABE (ESI Japan. Ltd.) 23

Numerical Simulation for Internal Combustion Engine Using OpenFOAM Tomoyuki HOSAKA, Kenta MITSUFUJI, Taisuke SUGII,

Naoki YONEYA (Hitachi, Ltd.) 28

Utilization of OpenFOAM in an Aluminum Making Process Takuya YAMAMOTO, Sergey KOMAROV (Tohoku University) 34

OpenFOAM and Heat Transfer Problems Shinji NAKAGAWA (Toyama Prefectural University) 40

How to Use Elmer, an Open CAE Coupled Analysis Tool Ryoichi SHIBATA (National Institute of Technology, Gifu College) 46

Open Source Software “OpenModelica” and Application Examples to Education in University Class and Researches Koji NISHI (Ashikaga University) 52

Library Notice of publication of "JSME SERIES IN THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION"

Kazuhiro KIDOGUCHI (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) 59

Calendar 61 Announcements 62 Note from the JHTSJ Editorial Board 69

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Web

Web

1961 60

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Virtual Reality

59 The 59th Term in Retrospect

Katsunori HANAMURA (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

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60

1984 2

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19

22019

2020

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2

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Tetsuo MUNAKATA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

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2020 2

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3 5

2 12 4

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(Scientific Contribution Award of the

Heat Transfer Society of Japan)

1)

55

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2)

Farzam ZOUESHTIAGH Université Lille

Harunori N. YOSHIKAWA Université Côte d’Azur

Lizhong MU

Georg F. DIETZE Univeristy of Paris-Saclay

55

D232 2018

(Technical Achievement Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan)

1)

Mohammad Shahed Ahamed

Randeep Singh Phan Thanh-Long

(Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan)

1) Lubrication model for vapor absorption into

hygroscopic liquid desiccant droplets

56F124 2019

2)

MEMS 57

Report from the Award Selection Committee of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan, 2020

Takaharu TSURUTA (Kyushu Institute of Technology) e-mail: [email protected]

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K1428 2020

(Contribution Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan)

3

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[1] Balandin, A. A., Ghosh, S., Bao, W., et al., Nano Lett., 8 (2008), 902-907.

[2] Cai, W., Moore, A. L., Zhu, Y., et al., Nano Lett., 10 (2010), 1645-1651.

[3] Li, Q.-Y., Xia, K., Zhang, J., et al., Nanoscale, 9 (2017), 10784 10793.

[4] Li, Q.-Y., Zhang, X., Takahashi, K., Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 125 (2018), 1230 1239.

[5] Li, Q.-Y., Takahashi, K., Zhang, X., Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 134 (2019), 539-546.

[6] Li, Q.-Y., Katakami, K., Ikuta, T., et al., Carbon, 141 (2019), 92 98.

On Receiving Scientific Contribution Award

of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Qin-Yi LI, Koji TAKAHASHI (Kyushu University), Xing ZHANG (Tsinghua University)

e-mail: [email protected]

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2020

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On Receiving Scientific Contribution Award

of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Ichiro UENO* ( ; Tokyo Univ. Science), Hayate NAKAMURA ( ( ); Tokyo Univ. Science), Farzam ZOUESHTIAGH (Univ. Lille), Harunori N. YOSHIKAWA (Univ. Côte d'Azur), Lizhong MU (Dalian Univ.

Technology), Georg F. DIETZE (Univ. Paris-Saclay), Takahiro TSUKAHARA ( ; Tokyo Univ. Science) *e-mail: [email protected]

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1

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On Receiving Technical Achievement Award

of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Yuji SAITO, Yoji KAWAHARA, Phan THANG-LONG, Harutoshi HAGINO, Bradley ORR, Akihiro TAKAMIYA, Singh RANDEEP, Ahamed Mohammad SHAHED (Fujikura Ltd.)

e-mail: [email protected]

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1

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It’s a great honor to receive the Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan. I’d like to share this honor with my collaborators and coauthors who have inspired me, encouraged me, and supported me in the awarded research. I’d also like to express my deep appreciation to my supervisor and mentor in Japan and UK, as well as to the committee members of HTSJ who have acknowledged the significance of the awarded research.

The awarded topic “Lubrication model for vapor absorption into hygroscopic liquid desiccant droplets

” is part of my PhD project under the supervision of Prof. Yasuyuki Takata at Kyushu University. The idea originates from the practical demand of liquid-type absorption systems which has been my master’s topic at Tsinghua University. A good understanding of the liquid behaviors is of great importance for the operation control of the system. At Kyushu University, I started to explore the fundamental kinetics and the heat and mass transfer of liquid desiccant droplets in response to different environmental conditions. We found that the hygroscopic liquid droplets indicate unexpected ‘over-spreading’ on hydrophilic substrates, which cannot be simply explained by the classical Young’s equation and the Tanner’s law. We reported this phenomenon in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics with detailed theoretical analyses by the force balance at the contact line and with the precursor film theory, which was selected as the back cover of the issue.

At the same time, I started to seek for quantitative answers via accurate numerical simulation. Benefit from the international platform of I2CNER at Kyushu University, I got the opportunity to cooperate with

Prof. Prashant Valluri at University of Edinburgh, who is an expert in direct numerical simulation of multiphase flow. We worked out a general schematic of the mathematical model during his one-month stay at Kyushu. I then visited Edinburgh for half a year and worked full time on the mathematical formulation and programming. We were rather pleased to get the initial results by the end of my visit, and I spent another one year on repetitive model optimization, case study and experimental verification. The work was finally published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics with high acknowledgement from peer reviewers.

The established model well explains the ‘over-spreading’ phenomena by the interplay of internal capillary flow, solutal Marangoni flow and thermal Marangoni flow within the droplet. These complex mechanisms have also been found to induce diverse dynamics of other binary mixture droplets as reported very recently by peer groups in the world. The colorful physics within a small droplet enriches our current knowledge of microfluid mechanics. The findings also indicate great potentials in the contactless control of liquid motion and on-chip chemical reaction for the applications of digital microfluidics, cell sorting, biomedical diagnosis, etc.

From this April, I started working as an assistant professor at aerospace propulsion laboratory of Kyushu University. This high honor from HTSJ is a great encouragement for me at the kicking-off stage of my career. I will continue to focus on cutting-edge research on multiphase thermofluids with the combination of high-standard experimental design and high-quality numerical modelling. I sincerely look forward to communications and collaborations with you in common-interest fields in the future.

On Receiving Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Zhenying WANG (Kyushu University)

e-mail: [email protected]

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On Receiving Young Researcher Award of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

Masaaki HASHIMOTO (Nagoya University)

e-mail: [email protected]

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Yuki KANDA (Tohoku University), Takahiro OKABE (Hirosaki University), Yoshihiro KONDO (Hitachi Academy Co., Ltd.), Kazuya TATSUMI (Kyoto University),

Hiroshi KAWAMURA (Suwa University of Science), Akira HOSHI (Tohoku Gakuin University),

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CAE

Volume of Fluid VOF [3]Enthalpy Porosity [4]

Enthalpy Navier- Stokes

BoussinesqCarman-Kozeny[5]

Bounds [6]CSF [7]

Laplace filter [8]

Marangoni

Leitner[9]

5 mm, 10, 20, 40 mm

Newton

Enthalpy-PorosityBrent [10]VOF Sen&Davis [11]

[12]

2

2

[13,14]

100 mm

m

3.1Enthalpy Porosity

[15,16]

2

2[17] Al-17%Si 203 mm

1 mNewton

[18]

2021 7 - 35 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

CAE

[15]

Navier-Stokes

Energy

VOF3 VOF

CSF Laplace Filter[19,20]

Adaptive Mesh Refinement AMR

20 kHz

OpenFOAM

3

4

[6]

3(a) , (b)

42 (a) , 4(b) , 8(c)

5

180

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5(a) 200 mm/min, (b) 100

mm/min

6(a) 200 mm/min, (b)

100 mm/min

6

[16]

7Rayleigh

[19] BrennerRayleigh-Plesset

[21]

Rayleigh-Plesset

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CAE

7 [19]

[20]

8

s

[22]

[23]

[24,25]

8 : (1) - - , (2) -

- [20].

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM solver

Euler-EulerEuler-Lagrange DEM CFD-DEM

[26]Euler-Lagrange [27]

git

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( )

[1] Eskin, G. I. and Eskin, D. G., Ultrasonic treatment of light alloys melts, CRC Press, (2015).

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OpenFOAMC++

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

Github[1] Gitlab[2]

FrontFlow/red [3] FronFlow/red LES

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM CFDOpenFOAM

C++

FOAM

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

[4-6]

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM v2012

[7] 1

Simple SIMPLEPimple SIMPLE PISO

Conjugate Heat Transfer cht

OpenFOAM OpenFOAM and Heat Transfer Problems

Shinji Nakagawa (Toyama Prefectural University)

e-mail: [email protected]

CAE

2021 7 - 41 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

OpenFOAMcht

[8]

OpenFOAM Helyx OpenFOAM

foam-extend 4.1

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM

1 v2012

Solver Name

buoyantBoussinesqPimpleFoam

buoyantBoussinesqSimpleFoam

buoyantPimpleFoam overBuoyantPimpleDyMFoam

buoyantSimpleFoam chtMultiRegionFoam chtMultiRegionSimpleFoam

chtMultiRegionTwoPhaseEulerFoam

thermoFoam

OpenFOAM

OpenFOAM v2012 thermophysical

[9] Basic thermophysical models Reaction models Radiation models Laminar flame speed models Barotropic compressibility models Thermophysical properties of gaseous species Functions/tables of thermophysical properties Chemistry model Other libraries

Finite volume discrete ordinate P1

OpenFOAM DNS LES DES RANS

RANS

0

OpenFOAMBetts Bokhari [10, 11]

OpenFOAM

76mm 520mm

2180mm ERCOFTACcase079 [11]

8.6 105 buoyantSimpleFoam

CAE

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RANS k- SSTOpenFOAM

buoyantCavity 70 720180

Prt

1.0 P Prt = 0.85

1

x

W 12

y H 3

OpenFOAM k- [12]

2

OpenFOAM[13]

3mm 100mm6,200

CAE

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1.06 10-5 W/m2

0.1mm

OpenFOAM

cfMesh

y+ 11,312,448

OpenFOAM 2.4k-

SST [14]5

3

0.85Gnielinski [15]

55 5%

3

OpenFOAM [16]

chtMultiRegionFoam OpenFOAM 3.0.1

200mm 1m

[17] 4

0.1mm 3mm2 1

1

(a)

(b)

4

CAE

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OpenFOAMblockMesh

OpenFOAM 110

OpenFOAM

4 4(a)

4(b)

OpenFOAM

5

OpenFOAMfvOptions

solidificationMeltingSource[18]

OpenFOAM 2.4.0 OpenFOAM 3.0.0 buoyantPimpleFoam

momentum porosity

5 2

10

6

OpenFOAM

solidificationMeltingSource

6

CAE

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OpenFOAM

[5]

[1] OpenFOAM Foundation, “Official OpenFOAM Repository”, https://github.com/OpenFOAM, (

2021-05-10). [2] OpenCFD Ltd., “Development/openfoam

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OpenFOAM (2021). [7] OpenCFD, “User Guide A.1 Standard Solvers”,

OpenFOAM, https://www.openfoam.com/documentation/user-guide/a-reference/a.1-standard-solvers, (

2021-05-10). [8] Villiers, E.d. et al., “A New Region-Coupled

Framework for Conjugate Heat Transfer”, 11th OpenFOAM WorkShop (2016), P075.

[9] OpenCFD, “User Guide Table A.4: Libraries of Thermophysical Models”, OpenFOAM, https://www.openfoam.com/documentation/user-guide/a-reference/a.3-standard-libraries#x34-137131r4, ( 2021-05-10).

[10] Betts, P.L. and Bokhari, I.H., “Experiments on Turbulent Natural Convection in an Enclosed Tall Cavity”, Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 21(2000), 675-683.

[11] Betts, P.L. and Bokhari, I.H., “ERCOFTAC case079 Turbulent Natural Convection in an Enclosed Tall Cavity Experiments”, ERCOFTAC, http://cfd.mace.manchester.ac.uk/ercoftac/doku.php?id=cases:case079, ( 2021-05-10).

[12] Henkes, R.A.W.M. et al., “Natural Convection Flow in a Square Cavity Calculated with Low-Reynolds-Number Turbulence Models”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 34 (1991), 1543-1557.

[13] 2 OpenFOAM

53 (2016)C211.

[14] Bachant, P., “petebachant/kOmegaSSTLowRe”, https://github.com/petebachant/kOmegaSSTLowRe, ( 2016-03-11).

[15] ( ) 5 (2009) p.45.

[16] 3OpenFOAM

CAE2016 (2016) A21.

[17] BEST

http://www.ibec.or.jp/best/program/db/, ( 2021-05-10).

[18] OpenFOAM

CAE 2016 (2016) B32.

CAE

DX CAE

CAE

CAE

Elmer

Elmer Elmer

Elmerhttps://www.csc.fi/fi/web/elmer

CAE

Elmer 1995Tekes CFD

25

CSCIT

2005GPL CAE

Elmer

Elmer

Naiver-Stokes k-

CAE Elmer How to Use Elmer, an Open CAE Coupled Analysis Tool

Ryoichi SHIBATA (National Institute of Technology, Gifu College)

e-mail: [email protected]

2021 7 - 46 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

CAE

Helmholtz

Poisson-Boltzmann

Kohn-Sham Elmer

ElmerElmer

CAE

Elmer

Elmer

Elmer

Elmer

Elmer

Elmer

GUI Elmer

Windows

Elmer

Elmer

FEM

Elmer

Elmer

12 0.41×2.2m

1

( )Vx= 1.0 m/s

( ) 1.0 kg/m3 ( )0.001 kg/(ms)

0.41 m0.1m 0.16m

0.15m0.1 mRe 100

Re = / = 1.0×1.0×0.1 / 0.001 = 100

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Elmer GUI

Window / Ubuntu

Windows10

64bitUbuntu18.04 apt

GUI

Windows Elmer MPI

https://sourceforge.net/projects/elmerfem File:ElmerFEM-gui-mpi-Windows-AMD64.exe

Windows

C:¥OpenCAE¥Elmer Microsoft Visual

C++ Redistributable Microsoft MPI

Elmer

SALOME

Windows

http://www.salome-platform.org/downloads/current-version

File:SALOME-9.5.0.exe

Linux

C:¥OpenCAE¥SALOME

ParaViewVTU

ParaView Windows

http://www.paraview.org/ File:ParaView-5.8.1-Windows-Python3.7-msvc2015-64bit.exe

C:¥OpenCAE¥ParaView

ElmerGUI

2

0.02m 1

(1) Menu-Model> Setup

0.04 200

(2) Object-Add> Equation

Navier-Stokes

(3) Object-Add> Material

(4) Object-Add> Boundary condition

Set boundary properties

3 Inlet

Wall Outlet

(5) Menu-Run> Start solver

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Parallel settings 4

2 Elmer

ParaViewVTU

ParaView3

3

2

3

6001 1

4.1

CHT Conjugate Heat Transfer

ElmerGUI Linear elasticity

Elmer

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CAE

4 2

Y=0.60m X=0.45m

0.004x0.45m 2mm 2

4

Elmer

5 3373 1

5

Navier-StokesLinear Elasticty

2Mesh Update

Water

2 x2.00 1/100 x0.01

Boussinesq approximation

20 293.0K100 373.0K

Noslip

XY0

301 600 11 600

2 0 300 301

6100 373.0K

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6

7

0.02884m

7

ElmerWindows-PC

[1]

[1] Elmer (2020)

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2021 7 - 52 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

OpenModelica [1]

OpenModelica Modelica [2]

Modelica Modelica The Modelica Association

199620

Modelica

1

Modelica1

Modelica

C++ Java Python

GUI Graphical User Interface

Modelica

GUI Graphical User Interface

ModelicaModelica Standard Library MSL [3]

MSL 1 ElectricalMagnetic Mechanics

Fluid Thermal

Blocks ComplexBlocks

1

A W V K

K/W

OpenModelica

Open Source Software “OpenModelica” and Application Examples to Education in University Class and Researches

Koji NISHI (Ashikaga University)

e-mail: [email protected]

CAE

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MSL Modelica

MSL

OpenModelicaModelica

Windows

OpenModelica 2

MSL

3OpenModelica

1 Modelica

4 RthP Cth TA

5Modelica

2 OpenModelica

3

4

5

CAE

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OpenModelica

OpenModelicaModelica

ModelicaModelica

C C C6

OpenModelica

7CSV Comma-Separated Values

1

RIV 1

VR I

1

3

OpenModelica

3.2

6

7 OpenModelica

(a) (b) nMOS

8

9

3

OpenModelica

CAE

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MSL

nMOS n-channel Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor

8 EV Electric Vehicle 3

39 OpenModelica

3

OpenModelica nMOS

iDS

[4] vGS VT

0DSi 2

vGS > VT vDS vGS VT

DSDSTGSDS vvVvKi 2 3

vGS > VT vDS > vGS VT

2TGSDS VvKi 4

K nMOSvGS VT

vDS

K VT

vGS vDS

OpenModelicaModelica

Modelica10

1112

model nMOSTansistorModel equation vGS = G.v – S.v; vDS = D.v – S.v; if vGS <= VT then regionFlag = 1; iDS = 0; elseif vDS <= vGS – VT then regionFlag = 2; iDS = 2 * K * (vGS – VT – vDS/2) * vDS; else regionFlag = 3; iDS = K * (vGS – VT)^2; end if; annotation(…);end nMOSTansistorModel;

10 nMOS

11 nMOS

12 nMOS

CAE

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OpenModelica

13CPU Central Processing Unit 2

CPU CMOS Complementary MOSCMOS

CMOS CPUPCPU

DDleakopDDloadCPU VIfVaCP 2 5

[5] a Cload CMOSVDD fop

Ileak CPU5 a

VDD fop Cload Ileak

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CPU CPUa VDD fop

Cload Ileak

13 CPU15

[6]

13 CPU

14 CPU

(a) (b)

15

CPU

CPU

CAE

2021 7 - 57 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

7

652

43

221

cVcTcTcVc

fVcVcP

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opDDDDssorMicroproce

6

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19

20 Cauer Cauer

16 EPS12V

17

18

19

[7, 8]

OpenModelica Cauer

CAE

2021 7 - 58 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

21

SciPy[9] Optuna[10] Python

22MOS 2

64 Cauer23

[8]

OpenModelica

Modelica OpenModelica

[1] OpenModelica, https://www.openmodelica.org/ (Accessed on 2021/4/30).

[2] Modelica® - A Unified Object-Oriented Language for Systems Modeling Language Specification, Version 3.5, Modelica Association (2021).

[3] Modelica Standard Library, https://github.com/modelica/ModelicaStandardLibrary (Accessed on 2021/4/30).

[4] (2011)

[5]

20-2 (2012) 27. [6] K. Nishi, S. Takada and T. Kaneda, “Power and

Temperature Prediction for Computer System Power Optimization”, Asian Modelica Conference 2020 - Virtual (2020) S4-3.

[7] K. Nishi, “Investigation Regarding Thermal Resistance of Surface Mount Type Discrete Power Semiconductor Package”, InterPACK2020 (2020)InterPack-2631.

20 Cauer

loadModel(Modelica); loadFile("D:/folder/TestModel.mo"); buildModel(TestModel); system("C:/ /TestModel -override-r=result_res.mat"); result := val(result, 100, "result_res.mat"); writeFile( ); quit();

21 OpenModelica

(a) A (b) B

22 MOS

23

[8]

58 (2021) C313.

[9] SciPy, https://www.scipy.org/scipylib/index.html (Accessed on 2021/4/30).

[10] Optuna, https://optuna.org/ (Accessed on 2021/4/30).

2021 7 - 59 - J. HTSJ, Vol. 60, No. 252

30

Elsevier 8JSME SERIES IN THERMAL AND

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https://www.elsevier.com/books/advances-in-power-boilers/ozawa/978-0-12-820360-6

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Kazuhiro KIDOGUCHI (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)

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Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 5

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