Inspect Before You Connectsm - Fibre Optic Industry Association
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Transcript of Inspect Before You Connectsm - Fibre Optic Industry Association
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 2
“JDSU – who?”
Annual Revenue
Business Segments
Employees
Locations
Country Representation
Index Membership
$1.37B (FY10)
Leader in 3 key segments
≈ 4,900
Over 80 Sales and R&D sites globally
164 Countries
S&P 500
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 3
Business Segments
Solutions: Optical Communications, Commercial Lasers, and Photovoltaics.Applications: Network Equipment, Industrial and Consumer Products.
Communications and Commercial Optical Products (CCOP)
Solutions: Lab/Field Test and Service AssuranceApplications: Test, Monitoring and Analysis for Network Equipment and Networks (Telecom, Cable, Wireless, Datacom)
Communications Test and Measurement (CommTest)
Solutions: Custom Color, Custom Optics, and Authentication SolutionsApplications: Currency, Defense, Industrial and Consumer Products
Advanced Optical Technologies (AOT)
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 4
In a recent study by NTT-Advanced Technology, 98% of installers (blue) and 80% of network owners (red) reported that issues with connector contamination was the greatest cause of network failure.
Causes of Network Failure
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 5
Inspect Before You Connectsm
� Inspection Overview
� Fiber Optic Connectors
� Contamination
� Simple Solution
� Case Studies
� Standards Update
� Pluggable Optics –How to Inspect?
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 6
Inspection Overview – Microscopes
DIRECT-VIEW SCOPE BENCH SCOPE
DIGITAL PROBEPROBE SCOPE & DISPLAYS
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 8
Fiber Connectors Are Everywhere
Fiber optic connectors are common throughout the network, and they give you the power to add, drop, move and change the network.
Buildings
Multi-home UnitsResidential
CO/Head End
Local Convergence Point
Network Access Points
Feeder Cables
Distribution Cables
Drop Cables
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 9
Fiber Optic Connector
SC Connector
� The BODY houses the ferrule that secures the fiber in place.
� The FERRULE is a small cylinder where the fiber is mounted and acts as the fiber alignment mechanism. The end of the fiber is located at the end of the ferrule.
� The FIBER is comprised of 2 layers, the CLADDING and the CORE.
– The CLADDING is a glass layer surrounding the core, which prevents the signal in the core from escaping.
– The CORE is the critical center layer of the fiber and the conduit that light passes through.
BODYBODY
FERRULEFERRULE
FIBERFIBER
CLADDINGCLADDING
CORECORE
Fiber connectors have extremely tight tolerances with the potential to make a low loss connection. To achieve this potential, they must be handled and mated properly.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 10
Anatomy of Fiber Connector
Light is transmitted and retained in the “CORE” of the optical fiber by total internal reflection.
Singlemode Fiber StructureSinglemode fibers carry a single ray of light, making them better in retaining the fidelity of light over long distances.
There are 3 major ZONESon the end face that are used to define the level of impact contamination may have on signal performance. Particles closer to Zone A (Core) will have more impact than those farther out.
CORECORE
CLADDINGCLADDING
FERRULEFERRULE
Fiber End Face View
ZONE A
ZONE B
ZONE C
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 11
Simplex vs. Multi-fiber Connectors
SIMPLEX CONNECTOR RIBBON CONNECTOR
� White ceramic or metallic ferrule
� One fiber per connector
� Common types include SC, LC, FC, E2000 and ST
� Multiple fibers in linear array (8, 12, 24, 48, 72, etc.) in single connector providing high-density connectivity
� Includes MPO or MTP®
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 12
Focused On the Connection
Fiber connectors are widely known as the WEAKEST AND MOST
PROBLEMATIC points in the fiber network.
Bulkhead Adapter
Fiber Connector
Alignment Sleeve
Alignment Sleeve
Physical Contact
FiberFerrule
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 13
Inspection Diagnosis – Connector Type
� Connector body type (SC, LC, ST, FC, MTP, etc.)?
� Polish (UPC or APC)?
� Patchcord or bulkhead?
Determining Connector Type
SC LC FC ST MPO/MTP
SC APC LC APC FC APC E2000 Transceiver
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 14
Inspection Diagnosis – Accessibility
Inspection Tips for Every Application
Physical Location
Optical Optical DevicesDevices
Printed Circuit Board Angled Mounting
� Is the port near a wall?
� What is the mounting configuration?
– Top of rack?
– Bottom of rack
– In a tight space?
Densely Populated
Specialty tips (e.g., Long Reach, 60-Degree Angled, etc.)
enable inspection when accessibility is limited.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 15
What Makes a GOOD Fiber Connection?
� Perfect Core Alignment
� Physical Contact
� Pristine Connector Interface
The 3 basic principles that are critical to achieving an efficient fiber
optic connection are “The 3 P’s”:
Core
Cladding
CLEAN
Light Transmitted
Today’s connector design and production techniques have eliminated most of the challenges to achieving Core Alignment and Physical Contact.
Part II: Contamination
Understanding Contamination on Fiber Optic Connectors and Its Effect on Signal Performance
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 17
What Makes a BAD Fiber Connection?
� A single particle mated into the core of a fiber can cause significant back reflection, insertion loss and even equipment damage.
� Pressure is 40k PSI –45k PSI will cut steel
Today’s connector design and production techniques have eliminated
most of the challenges to achieving CORE ALIGNMENT and PHYSICAL
CONTACT.
What remains challenging is maintaining a PRISTINE END FACE. As a result,
CONTAMINATION is the #1 source of troubleshooting in optical networks.
DIRT
Core
Cladding
Back Reflection Insertion LossLight
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 18
Illustration of Particle Migration
� Each time the connectors are mated, particles around the core are displaced, causing them to migrate and spread across the fiber surface.
� Particles larger than 5µm usually explode and multiply upon mating.
� Large particles can create barriers (“air gaps”) that prevent physical contact.
� Particles less than 5µm tend to embed into the fiber surface, creating pits and chips.
11.8µ
15.1µ
10.3µ
Actual fiber end face images of particle migration
Core
Cladding
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 19
Contamination and Signal Performance
Fiber Contamination and Its Effect on Signal PerformanceCLEAN CONNECTION
Back Reflection = -67.5 dBTotal Loss = 0.250 dB
11
DIRTY CONNECTION
Back Reflection = -32.5 dBTotal Loss = 4.87 dB
33
Clean Connection vs. Dirty Connection
This OTDR trace illustrates a significant decrease in signal performance when dirty connectors are mated.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 20
Original OTDR Trace
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 21
OTDR Trace after cleaning connector at event 2
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 22
Dirt Damages Fiber!
� Once embedded debris is removed, pits and chips remain in the fiber.
� These pits can also prevent transmission of light, causing back reflection, insertion loss and damage to other network components.
Most connectors are not inspected until the problem is detected… AFTERpermanent damage has already occurred.
Mating dirty connectors embeds the debris into the fiber.
Core
Cladding
Back Reflection Insertion LossLight
DIRTPITS(permanent damage)
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 23
Contamination Categories
� LOOSEMost contamination comes from dry particles that have fallen onto the end-face or have been “placed” there when handling.
� BONDEDMost stubborn particles are held in place with grease, oils or dried residue from a wet cleaning process.
� MATEDParticles on the end-face of a connector can also become embedded into the glass if mated with another connector.
CONTAMINATION MUST BE CLEANED from the end-face prior to mating in order to optimize the efficiency of an optical signal or interconnect.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 24
Types of Contamination
A fiber end face should be free of any contamination or defects, as shown below:
Common types of contamination and defects include the following:
Dirt Oil Pits & Chips Scratches
SINGLEMODE FIBER
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 25
Where is it? – Proliferation of Dirt
There are a number of different sources where dirt and other particles
can contaminate the fiber.
� Test Equipment
� Dust Caps
� Bulkheads
� People
� Environment
Connectors and ports on test equipment are mated frequently and are highly likely to become contaminated. Once contaminated, this equipment will often cross-contaminate the network connectors and ports being tested.
Inspecting and cleaning test ports and leads before testing network connectors prevents cross-contamination.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 27
Inspect Before You Connectsm
Follow this simple “INSPECT BEFORE YOU CONNECT” process to ensure
fiber end faces are clean prior to mating connectors.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 28
• This workflow chart comes from AT&T Document ATT-TP-76461 titled “AT&T Fiber Optic Connector and Adapter Inspection and Cleaning Standards” - in the public domain.
• AT&T’s procedures call for continual inspection and cleaning.
• AT&T procedures starts with dry cleaning connectors for the first three cleanings.
Procedure Example – AT&T
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 29
Inspect and Clean Both Connectors in Pairs!
Inspecting BOTH sides of the connection is the ONLY WAY to ensure
that it will be free of contamination and defects.
Patch cords are easy to access and view compared to the fiber inside the bulkhead, which is frequently overlooked. The bulkhead side may only be half of the connection, but it is far more likely to be dirty and problematic.
Bulkhead (“Female”) InspectionPatch Cord (“Male”) Inspection
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 30
Proactive vs. Reactive Inspection
PROACTIVE INSPECTION:
Visually inspecting fiber connectors at every stage of handling BEFORE mating them.
Connectors are much easier to clean prior to mating, before embedding debris into the fiber.
REACTIVE INSPECTION:
Visually inspecting fiber connectors AFTER a problem is discovered, typically during troubleshooting.
By this time, connectors and other equipment may have suffered permanent damage.
Dirty Fiber PRIOR to MatingFiber AFTER Mating and
Numerous Cleanings
Dirty Fiber PRIOR to
Mating
Fiber AFTER Cleaning
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 31
Connector #1 - Clean
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 32
Connector #1 – Loose Contamination
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 33
Connector #2 - Clean
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 34
Connector #2 – After One Connection
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 35
Connector #2 – After Repeated Cleaning
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 36
Connector #1 – After One Connection
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 37
Connector #1 – After Repeated Cleaning
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 39
Understanding Dynamic Range Issues in FTTx Networks – GPON
OLT
IO
ONT
IO
IO1:32
1
32
Splitter
F.O.
ONT
Case Study:
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 40
� Loss Budget ~28dB (Class B+ Optics)
� 1x64 splitter ~21dB (e.g. Fitel 1x64 PLC splitter)
� 15km of fibre ~4.5dB (best case)
� Budget for connectors/splices ~2.5dB
There is NO margin in a GPON network for bad connectors. One dirty connector, depending on the location, will take up to 64 customers out of service, and necessitate extra testing and a truck roll to clean or likely replace the connector.
G-PON Network Loss Budget
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 41
Data Centre – 40 or 100GBASE-SR10
From the IEEE802.3ba Standard
• Channel Insertion Loss 1.5dB, includes 150m of OM4 fibre (3.5dB/km at 850nm)
• Two MPO connectors – 8 or 20 fibres
• No margin for dirty connectors
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 43
Standards and Zones
� ZONES are used to prioritize evaluation criteria.
Zone A: Core Zone
Zone B: Cladding Zone
Zone C: Adhesive Zone
Zone D: Contact Zone
� Different failure criteria for defects and scratches are specified for each zone:
• Quantity and Size
• Location relative to core
Zone A
Zone D
Zone B
IEC 61300-3-35 – “Fibre Optic Connector Endface Visual and Automated
Inspection” has recently been published as an interoperability standard for
connector manufacturers and users.
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 44
Recommended Acceptance Criteria for SM-UPC Connectors (IEC 61300-3-35)
Zone Name(diameter) Scratches Defects
A, Core Zone
(0-25μm)none none
B, Cladding Zone
(25-120μm)none > 3μm width
no limit < 2μm
5 from 2 - 5μm
none > 5μm
C, Adhesive Zone
(120-130μm)no limit no limit
D, Contact Zone
(130-250μm)no limit none > 10μm
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 45
Recommended Acceptance Criteria for SM-APC Connectors (IEC 61300-3-35)
Zone Name(diameter) Scratches Defects
A, Core Zone
(0-25μm)< 4 scratches none
B, Cladding Zone
(25-120μm)none > 3μm width
no limit < 2μm
5 from 2 - 5μm
none > 5μm
C, Adhesive Zone
(120-130μm)no limit no limit
D, Contact Zone
(130-250μm)no limit none > 10μm
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 46
Recommended Acceptance Criteria for MM-PC Connectors (IEC 61300-3-35 Draft)
Zone Name(diameter) Scratches Defects
A, Core Zone
(0-65μm)none > 5μm width
4 � 5μm
none > 5μm
B, Cladding Zone
(65-120μm)none > 5μm width
no limit < 2μm
5 from 2 - 5μm
none > 5μm
C, Adhesive Zone
(120-130μm)no limit no limit
D, Contact Zone
(130-250μm)no limit none > 10μm
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 47
Recommended Acceptance Criteria for SM-UPC Ribbon Fiber Connectors (IEC 61300-3-35)
Zone Name(diameter) Scratches Defects
A, Core Zone
(0-25μm)none none
B, Cladding Zone
(25-115μm)none > 3μm width
no limit < 2μm
5 from 2 - 5μm
none > 5μm
Criteria must be applied to all fibres in the array for functionality of any fibres in
the array
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 48
Recommended Acceptance Criteria for MM-PC Ribbon Fiber Connectors (IEC 61300-3-35)
Zone Name(diameter)
Scratches Defects
A, Core Zone
(0-65μm)none > 5μm width
4 � 5μm
none > 5μm
B, Cladding Zone
(65-115μm)none > 5μm width
no limit < 2μm
5 from 2 - 5μm
none > 5μm
Criteria must be applied to all fibres in the array for functionality of any fibres in
the array
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 49
Part VI: Pluggable Optics
How to Inspect??
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 5050
Example of TOSA & ROSA Structures
Special Lens
Ball Lens
Stub
TOSA ROSA-1 ROSA-2
Structure of TOSA with stub is similar to fiber connector.
Optical Sub Assembly
Example of Optical Data Link(SFF type)
Test vehicle for iNEMI study
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 51
Fiber Stub Devices
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 52
Non-Contact Lens Devices
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 53
Non-Contact Lens Inspection
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 54
Optical Transceivers / Receptacles
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 55
Contact Lens Inspection
© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 56
Summary
� Connectors are valuable and essential, but they must be handled properly.
� CONTAMINATION is the #1 source of troubleshooting in optical networks.
� This challenge is easily overcome with proactive inspection and cleaning.
� Visual inspection of fiber optic connectors with a microscope is the only way to determine if connectors are clean before they are mated.
� Pluggable optical devices (XFP/SFP etc.) present significant issues in inspection and cleaning, and correct understanding of the various interfaces is vital for success in network installation and troubleshooting.
� Proactive inspection is easy, and the benefits are:
– Reduced Network Downtime
– Reduced Troubleshooting
– Optimized Signal Performance
– Prevention of Network Damage
� Always “INSPECT BEFORE YOU CONNECT”