Distracting factors in learning of Secondary level

children

Field Based Seminar Paper

Submitted to

Prof. Bidya Nath Koirala, Ph.D

For the Partial Fulfillment of the Second Semester Course

Seminar (Ed. 622)

The Master of Philosophy

Faculty of Education

Tribhuvan University, Nepal

By

Lok Nath Bastola

Roll No. 4(Four)

Twelve Batch

2071

Abstract

Children are the future pillar of nation building. It is the

duty and responsibility of every one of us to handle them

properly. For this, there is a need to study the children from

very close angle. In my study, I came to a conclusion that,

students are today in a very dangerous zone and they can be

easily distracted by any small factor. The responsibility of

teachers and parents towards the children have really mounted

in order to stop them from such a situation. Ceding interest

towards the studies and make them accountable is another bug

challenge today. Easy access towards multimedia, peer pressure

and influence, a huge number of children are already on a

wrong way. Likewise, there is a need to adopt various ways by

the teachers and the parents to aware and teach them moral

values and ethics towards the family, society and the social

organization like schools. In order to make the study more

interesting and practical, there is an urgent need of the

modification of the curriculum with the adoption of various

methods of teaching. Negating the students just for weak

performance and punishing them in front of the mass makes them

feel humiliated and usually develops negative attitudes toward

it. Students should be allowed to use the multimedia for the

good cause under the proper guidance of the parents. There is

a need of building a close relationship with the teachers and

parents by the children so as to share their happiness and

sorrow both without any hesitation. Allowing children to speak

and hearing them properly also keeps children away from

distracting factors which build positive attitude towards

their studies and any assigned duties by the teachers and

parents both.

Thus the time is challenging every one of us to have a

close monitor of the children and find out an easy way out for

any unusual behavior of the children. In this case, we all

need to spare our time to think and work jointly to stop our

children from getting into a dangerous situation to save them

for the nation.

Context of the study

“Education means to enable the child to find out ultimate truth…

making truth its own and giving expression to it” Rabindranath

Tagore

The new born infant is helpless human being. He has neither

any friend nor an enemy. He is not aware of social customs and

traditions. Not only this, he is not even keen to achieve any

ideal or value. But as he grows older, he is influenced by the

informal and formal agencies of education. In this way, he

develops his physical, mental and emotional self and social

feelings also develop in him gradually. By and by, he is able to

develop a sense of responsibility like his elders and solve the

problems of life successfully. In short, education is able to

instil child a sense of maturity and responsibility by bringing

in him the desired changes according to his needs and demands of

ever changing society, of which is an integral part.

The progress of any country as a whole depends upon its

infrastructure. The infrastructure is considered as the pillar of

any development which refers to essential factors needed for

development like education, health facilities, transport,

communication, etc. Now the question arises that who is

responsible to develop these infrastructures? The

simple answer is quality human resources that are skilled and

trained in their professions, like teachers, doctors, engineers,

mechanic, lawyers, etc. Again the question arises that what can

provide such skilled human resources? Then the only one answer is

education which provides all types of skilled quality human

resources. Therefore, education can make citizens aware,

conscious, intelligent, creative, responsible, independent and

hard working. Such human qualities can utilize the means and

resources of the country for development. Such quality human

resources can bring about positive social changes

and promote economic development of a country. That’s’ why the

most important measuring rod for development is considered to

‘Education’, on which all sorts of development of any country

depends upon infrastructure like education.

In the earlier days there were no formal institutions

like schools and colleges to impart education. Education was

imparted in religious institutions like Ashram, Monastery, Church

and Madrassa. Pupils learnt about the holy scripts, and religious

rites and rituals from their teachers. The medium of education

was Sanskrit which clearly indicates the system of imparting

Sanskrit education based on religion in Nepal. In this regard,

the education was for the Brahmins and Chhetris only. The

Brahmins studied Vedas, Upanishada, Jyotish (Astronomy) and

science of rituals (Karma Kanda) and the Chhetris learnt about

administration and art of warfare (Development in education

infrastructure, 2010). Education was necessary for those also who

helped the king in administration and kept the records in the

courts and others needed no education. Buddhist monks also

imparted education based on their religion (ibid).

When we discussed about the old concept, education was taken

to means as a process to thrust into the mind of child ready-made

titbits of knowledge as if the mind was empty vessel. It was

meant only training of something for some aim. Today, the modern

education seeks to develop the mind according to its own inherent

capacities in a social environment. It has become separate

discipline of deep study, investigation and research (Shukla,

Parihar, & Singh, 2011). It has become a very important process

of human development in all fields of human activities.

The wave of education spread throughout the country with the

advent of democracy in 2007 BS. The government and the people

became more aware of the importance of education. At that time,

the literacy rate of Nepal was about two percent only. The

government formulated plans to educate people. Nowadays, the

education sector is developing rapidly due to involvement of

private sectors in imparting quality education.

In this regard, the purpose of education should be meet

clear at any cost. To do so, there is a need of understanding the

value of education. From the perspective of the teen agers,

education is not undertaken as a serious means for all round

development. They somehow consider as a task given by their

parents that need to be completed within the given time and the

expenses that is raised by their parents.

On the other hand, looking at the scenario of the historical

development of our modern schools/education system in Nepal, it

started during the period of Rana rule only with the English

medium as an instruction (Bista, 1991). To make the students

competent in the globe, Rana prime minister felt a need of

English language. To address the same context, the new system of

education was introduced for the better cause. But on the other

hand, looking at the situation and development of the child,

their attitude towards study has completely changed. Lots of

factors play vital role in doing so. Children today are not that

much concern in their studies seriously.

Secondary level education is the foundation of all the areas

of higher education. The board exam of grade X thus being

the gate way to higher education commands full attention of all

concerned-students and their parents, teachers and their

institutions. The foundation of the students are laid down in the

lower levels to make them comfortable to sit in the board exam.

They are taught an actual courses for the board exams only in

Grade X. The government of India has made the curriculum much

flexible and minimized the pressure on the children. Though it

sounds easy but some of the children takes the study seriously.

When we look at the situation of the whole class, I could feel

that majority of the children takes their study lightly. Children

are not much serious in their studies despite of their

willingness. They claim that there are various factors that keep

them away from their study. Therefore, as a teacher working with

the same level for last sixteen years, it became a challenging

task for me to undergo on this areas into deeper level. So this

is the reason behind selecting the topic for my study.

Objectives of the study

To identify the cause of not being serious towards learning.

To understand the perception of students towards the

education.

To study about the student’s attitudes towards the school

and education.

To explore and suggest the better ways and options of

learning to add values towards education.

Research questions

1. Why student normally get distracted from their studies?

2. What are the factors that distract students from their

study?

3. What are the better ways to remain away from such

distracting factors?

4. How secondary level education can add more values for the

foundation of all the courses.

Operational definition of the key terms

Education: System of training and instructions design to give

literacy, knowledge and skill

Secondary level education: education after the basic education

before getting into higher education level.

Students: Children who are undergoing in the process of learning

to attain higher degree in near future through formal education

system

Respondents: Three students of grade IX of The Chandbagh School-

CBSE Wing were interviewed.

Theoretical review

‘Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a

vessel’. (Socrates)

Literature review is an integral part of research project.

According to Chris Hart, literature review is the selection of

available documents (both published and unpublished) on the

topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence

written from a particular stand point to fulfill certain aims or

express certain view on the nature of the topic and how it is to

be investigated, and the effective evaluation or these documents

in relation to the research being proposed (Hart , 1998).

I have tried my best to incorporate the theories associated

with my study area. Literature review provides a theoretical

background in the study and brings clarity and focus the

research problem, it helps to improve the methodology and

enables to contextualize the findings as well. Therefore in

every research, review of literature is inevitable.

In this research, after gathering an information from interview

I have tried to link the following theories so as to accomplish

my research in a proper way.

Peer pressure

From birth through age six, the family unit crafts a child's

sense of identity. Parents and siblings affect a child's likes,

dislikes, tastes in clothing, food and music and, perhaps most

importantly, values. Once children enter school, they form

connections to the larger group of their peers. This group

brings new ideas and experiences. Peer pressure occurs when a

student's actions are influenced by this group (Kampf, 2014).

The "pressure" happens when peers suggest or insist on actions

that stray from the child's normal behavior and values. Though

the phrase is often used negatively, peer pressure can sometimes

cause positive outcomes (ibid).

In this regard, to be a member of a peer group is the

primary goal of most teenagers during adolescence. The feeling

of belonging and social acceptance is very strong at this stage

of development. This is why peer influence plays a huge part in

steering the experiences and interest of teenagers. When teens

are searching for their identity and the concepts that they want

to define themselves by, social influences and peer interaction

play a huge part in this process (Kowalski , 1999). These two

factors can help form the teen into what he/she wants to be, or

whom he/she fears of being. Social influence and pressure can

lead to behaviors like substance abuse, risk taking, and

promiscuous sexual activity. Behaviors such as these can prove

to be detrimental to the health of the teenager (ibid). On the

contrary, there is positive peer pressure also, that is

conducive to the development of the teen. For example, teen can

influence other teens to get involved in community service

activities, helping others, or joining a school sports or

academic team.

According to the study of (Adolescents and Peer Pressure:

Peer Pressure, 2014) there are two levels of Peer Pressure. The

first is in the large group: for most teens a school, a youth

group, or home- school group are examples. This is the setting

that gets the most attention. The second is in the close

relationship with one or several best friends. This is the

setting that is sometimes overlooked. The large group exerts a

general pressure on its members. It directs the trends in

clothing, music, entertainment, and "political correctness". The

pressure to conform varies. It is not usually a spoken or

written guideline; it's just what "everyone" is doing. The

pressure can be avoided by keeping quiet or by putting on the

appearance of conformity. The pressure which takes place among

close friends is not so easy to escape. One can't fake it with

other; they know what an individual stand for, what one really

believe. The nature of close friendship is that one care more

about other and their opinions than those of anybody else. What

the best friend approves of or disapproves of exerts great

pressure on any individual. This pressure is personal and

forceful.

Peer relationships are not always beneficial to the child:

between 5% and 10% of children experience chronic peer

relationship difficulties, such as peer rejection and peer

harassment (Perry, Kusel, & Perry, 1988). In this regard, it is

observed from the research that students of the age-group 14-15

are highly influenced by their peer mates to distract them for

various reasons. This attitudes of peer-group has really taken

away from their major task of being a student.

Use of multimedia

ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and

are defined, for the purposes, as a “diverse set of

technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to

create, disseminate, store, and manage information.” These

technologies include computers, the Internet, broad casting

technologies (radio and television), and telephony.

It is one thing for a child to play a computer game’ it’s

another thing altogether for a child to build his or her own

game’ (Papert S. , 1999) cited by Schwartz in interview. Druin &

Solomon (1996) highlight that with multimedia authoring tools,

children aren’t limited to pre-packaged multimedia experiences

that someone else designs, and they can create their own. The

relationship they have with information is changed, it becomes

something to learn and use for a reason rather than a test.

Multimedia authoring tools relate strongly to Multiple

Intelligences, as pupils become constructors of their unique

artifacts exploiting as many media as they wish (Howard, 1993).

Gardner refers to the ‘multiple ways of knowing’ that multimedia

allows (2000:55). Reeves, (1998) makes the distinction between

students learning from media and technology and learning ‘with

media and technology’. The computer becomes an expressive medium

for children to explore ideas. Papert (1980) concurs with this

by stating ‘the best learning takes place when the learner takes

charge (in Druin and Solomon, 1996:120). Druin and Solomon go on

to warn that multimedia authoring tools should be seen to create

and learn other things rather than become the thing to be

learned. Children should be exposed to outstanding examples to

inspire them to reach beyond what they already know but under

the guidance of parents.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian

Society of Pediatrics state infants aged 0-2 years should not

have any exposure to technology, 3-5 years be restricted to one

hour per day, and 6-18 years restricted to 2 hours per day

(Cris, 2014). Children and youth use 4-5 times the recommended

amount of technology, with serious and often life threatening

consequences (Kaiser Foundation 2010, Active Healthy Kids Canada

2012). Handheld devices (cell phones, tablets, electronic games)

have dramatically increased the accessibility and usage of

technology, causing escalating usage, especially by very young

children (Common Sense Media, 2013). Cris Rowan, pediatric

occupational therapist is calling on parents, teachers, and

government to ban the use of all handheld devices for children

under the age of 12 years.

Despite of various positive part of the use of information

and communication technology, I have tried to link with the

negative aspect of ICT to understand the students’ view stating

that the use of media has directly distracted them from their

studies in the analysis part.

Maslow’s need theory

Psychologist Abraham Maslow described a hierarchy of needs that

he argued provides a model for understanding the need for human

relations in the classroom. Needs lower on the pyramid, such as

physical and safety needs, must be met before an individual will

consider higher-level needs (Goble, 1970). Further he argues

that, all humans have a need to be respected, to have self-

respect, and to respect others. People need to engage themselves

in order to gain recognition and have an activity or activities

that give the person a sense of contribution and self-value, be

it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result

in low self-esteem, inferiority complexes, and an inflated sense

of self-importance or snobbishness (Maslow, 1954).

Therefore in this regard, I have explored an autonomy in

the context of family relationships. This study has compared the

susceptibility to peer pressure to three aspects of family

relationships that have been influence adolescent behavioral or

social-cognitive autonomy. The first aspect of family

relationships that this study has addressed is parental control.

Theorists suggest that one of the ways adolescents can best

achieve autonomy is by gradually assuming the control previously

held by their parents (Hill & Holmbeck. , 1986). By having small

opportunities to govern their own actions, adolescents develop a

sense of self-reliance and the confidence to make autonomous

decisions (Sessa & Steinberg, 1991). As teens become more self-

reliant, they acquire more responsibilities, until they can

eventually depend on themselves for their basic needs (Hill &

Holmbeck. , 1986). This increased self-regulation,

responsibility, and independence are defining characteristics of

behavioral autonomy (Douvan & Adelson, 1966).

In this regard parents usually have a huge dream to see

their children in a higher order of any organization. Therefore,

they have a heavy pressure towards their children beyond the

capacity of the children to reach to the level what parents

desired to see. In this matter, they do not take any consent of

their children because as a whole family matters much on the

social prestige and identity.

Source of information

In my study I have incorporated both the primary sources data as

well as secondary sources of data to gather entire information.

In case of primary sources I used interview as a tool of data

collection and websites, and relevant articles for the

theoretical review.

To accomplish my study, I have included three students from

Grade IX of The Chandbagh School, CBSE-Wing, Bansbari,

Maharajgunj. I managed the time within the school hour.

Interview

As per my experience and interest towards knowing the real

picture of the students getting away from their studies, I

thought of conducting interview with the 3 students who were

eager to share the information. During the interview, I observed

that, at some points, one student’s information coincided with

other. In some cases there was a mismatch understanding in terms

of the views.

According to Seidman, an interview is to “Explore, not to

probe,” (Seidman I. , 1998) . In interview, it is essential that

while the participant is being interviewed they are being

encouraged to explore their experiences in a manner that is

sensitive and respectful. They should not be “probed” in such a

way that makes them feel uncomfortable or like a specimen in

lab. If too much time is spent dwelling on minute details or if

too many follow-up questions are asked, it is possible that the

participant will become defensive or unwilling to share.

Therefore I took enough time to build a friendly and fearless

environment to delve into the deeper level to know as much as I

can from my respondents.

Analysis and major findings

The only tool which I used in my study is Interview. Since my

study was completely based on qualitative research, interview

allowed me for a significantly higher degree of intimacy,

(Seidman I. , 1998) with my students often revealing personal

information in a real-time, face-to-face setting. As such, this

technique can evoke an array of significant feelings and

experiences within those being interviewed.

I being a teacher and dealing with the same age group of

children since 16 years, there was always a question triggering

my mind regarding why the students are trying to get away from

their prime responsibility? I personally tried my best to know

an exact reason behind the distraction but could not get the

concrete answer to quench the matter. In this respect lots of

questions trigger my mind stating that whether I am wrong on my

part to educate the child? Whether the strategy that I have

adopted does not match with what students desired to have? To

have an answer to my question I as a teacher tried my best to

adopt multiple ways in teaching but also I observed that the

students are found to be lost somewhere. For this I feel that

there is a need to design pedagogy for active engagement in

learning where teachers must pose challenging problems,

encourage significant discussion between students about the

problem, allow sufficient time for students to wrestle with the

problem and work through its multiple facets, and, finally,

appropriately intervene at those times when students stray too

far from the point or need further explanation or information

(Ball, 1985). Therefore it became a topic of my research study,

so as to find out the real cause behind it.

In this regard, I selected three students, one above

average, the next average and the other below average from the

same grade.

First question what I asked to the student was about why

they normally get distracted from their studies? I could get

many answers to the question. All the three students blamed

towards the use of multimedia, where they remain online with

their friend mostly playing online games, text and video,

surfing songs and movies in you-tube and mostly commonly using

social networks. They also claim that due to the availability of

media, they have less interest towards their study. They hardly

finishes their homework and manage enough time to sit for net

surfing.

As Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

establishes a theoretical framework for using multimedia in

instruction. His theory relates to other widely recognized

theories on learning styles and modalities of learning (Howard,

1993). Multimedia can be used in instruction in a variety of

creative and stimulating ways. Applications include teacher

presentations, student projects, and discovery learning. In this

case, from my point of view, use of multimedia is necessary at

present day world but it should not be misused. It would be

better if it is used under the guidance of the parents for a

certain period of time daily. As it enriches the students’

knowledge, there should not be any bar on it.

Secondly, the cause for distraction was mentioned about the

peer pressure where they are asked to remain either online or go

for outing for eating in the restaurants, visiting shopping

malls, or to play games.

In the same way, thirdly they claimed that there is a huge

unnecessary pressure of the parents to study always by keeping

tuition class right after reaching home without changing a

school dress till late night. As parents have their own interest

to make their children as per their desire which is not accepted

by their children. In this case, what I feel is that’ children

should be nurture with the true value of education to their

children due to which they can developed themselves into the way

they like. They should not be forced by the parents to mould

their future. While doing so, children will be distracted from

their studies. Children even claim that parents hardly encourage

them in their studies and think that they have made all

necessary arrangement like tuition classes, payment of regular

bills in the schools and buying necessary stuffs to them. On the

other hand students say that making available of all these

things cannot encourage them rather they should give them some

time and listen to their problems too.

Fourthly, broken environment in the family, regular visit

of the relatives and the hardship of family too distract them

from their study. Parents try to compare the children with the

cousins regarding their studies and humiliation has also struck

the mind of the children at home.

Finally, they claim the education system of the nation

where they need to study only the theories which they feel that

is boring and not practical and applicable in their life. At the

same time, they even blame the teacher to have a long lecture,

give them more home works and have an attitude of gender and

intellectual bias due to which the students does not like to

study as well.

Findings and Conclusion

From the interview with the students, I gathered the following

findings:

Students are least bothered with their studies, and highly

concerned with unwanted stuffs, like: fashion, movies

especially Korean.

Students are at the verge of destroying their life due to

the misuse of multimedia.

Students are highly influenced by their peers for negative

activities like wasting unnecessary money for buying

unusual things, visiting malls, restaurants, parks for

dating and love making business.

There is a high chance of stress and frustration of the

children due to too much pressure of the parents.

Time management is another factor due to over homework and

regular tuitions at home.

Teachers are found to be discriminating children on the

ground of gender and intelligence as well as having long

boring lecture.

Parents and teacher hardly encourage and motivates the

children in their studies.

Children does not accept humiliation by their parents

making comparison with the cross cousin and teachers with

the classmates in their studies.

As per my analysis and finding, I came to a conclusion that,

present day students are in a danger zone which need to be

understood by every one of us. We all need to work jointly,

especially the teacher concerned and the immediate parents to

identify the reason behind the distraction factors towards the

studies and their irresponsible act towards their duties.

Children today are easily distracted by various means which

has drag them away from their regular business. The attitude of

children towards their studies, their teachers, parents and

their property is completely seen to be negative. They take

study for the sake of upgrading the classes rather than

generating knowledge for the creativity. They even feel that

they have studied either for the parents or for the teachers.

From the perspective of parents, they feel proud enough

that they have admitted their children in the expensive schools

with all sorts of provision making available all the

requirements. This makes the parents that their job is over from

their part. From the lens of the teacher, they feel that they

have accomplished their duties by going to the classes and take

the class regularly.

I find there is a gap between what students think? What

they want? What they feel? And what the teacher and parents

think, want and feel from the students? This is the major

questions that need to be address while dealing with each other.

Students normally do not value the study much and always desire

to spend their life with entertainment.

In this regard, teacher and parents both need to aware the

children about the importance of study in life. There is a need

to bring certain changes in the behaviour and attitude of the

students either by counselling or behaving the children like a

friend to listen their real problem which they are not able to

deliver at a present context, where parents and teacher both

feel to be great.

Recommendation

In order to make the children interested towards their studies

by keeping away from all the distracting factors, lots of

changes has to be brought into practice. Every stakeholders has

to take the matter seriously because the children of today are

the pillar of the nation building in future. Therefore to change

the attitudes of children towards the study and value education

I would like to recommend the following points.

First and foremost thing is that there is a need of proper

guidance of the parents and teacher to the children, for

this enough time has to be given to children to listen them

properly. In this regard, we all are poor.

To value education, there is a need in the modification of

the curriculum, where the contents should be as per the

need of the context and situation as well as should be

practical in life.

Every individual is unique in nature and is intelligent in

one way or the other. Gardner's theory argues that students

will be better served by a broader vision of education,

wherein teachers must use different methodologies,

exercises and activities to reach all students, not just

those who excel at linguistic and logical intelligence. It

challenges educators to find "ways that will work for this

student learning this topic". (Helding, 2009). Therefore

teacher should adopt multiple ways of teaching by

identifying the multiple intelligence of every individual

in an interesting way.

Emphasis should be given much on application rather than

the theory with the change of setting of the study area.

The school has to give children, not only an insight into

the social importance of such activities, but above all the

opportunities to practice them in play form. This leads

naturally into the problem or “project method” which has

come to be identified with the essence of the progressive

procedure (Warde, 1960). Therefore regular field visits,

practical work in the labs will help to generate interest

over the subject matter which make the student in touch

with their studies.

In the present day world, children need to be updated

always, in this regard, parents should allow their children

to use multimedia but under their supervision.

(Hickey & McCaslin, 2001) Who examined the implications of

situated theories for motivating engagement in learning

where teachers should focus their efforts at motivating the

participants. Hence this will encourage and motivate

children to be happy, energetic and in a creative mood.

Parents usually pressurize their children to become an

ideal person but they should also know to let the children

make their own choice in case of selecting their interested

subject so that they can excel in it with full satisfaction

in their life.

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Appendix I

Interview questions

1. How you usually get distracted from the study?

2. Why do you lack interest on your study?

3. Why are you not openly willing to take part in teaching-

learning activities?

4. What type of behavior from teacher you expect so as to have

your study properly?

5. What are the expectation from your parents so that you will

have interest on your study?

6. In what ways you would like to be taught by your teachers

in the class?

7. Why you usually get into stress and frustration?

8. Is there a need of change in the curriculum? Why?

9. What factors hinders you to do assigned task?

10. In what ways you can generate your interest over your

study?