Conference Report 15th International Conference on AIDS ...

ConferenceReport

15thInternationalConferenceonAIDSand

SexuallyTransmittedInfectionsinAfrica

(ICASA)

3–7December2008

Dakar,Senegal

Contents

1.ICASAConferenceReport ............................................................................................... 1

2.ListofConferencesfor2009–2010...............................................................................27

3.ListofindividualswhocouldbesupportedbyTrustAfrica...........................................31

Appendices

ListofparticipantsattheTrustAfricasession ............................................................32

AIDSexpertsidentifiedatICASAconference .............................................................34

AIDSorganizations .................................................................................................... 38

Generalinformation...................................................................................................44

HIV/AIDSinformationandsearchsites ......................................................................45

PeoplelivingwithAIDS(supportnetworks)...............................................................45

Databaseofminoritygroups......................................................................................46

Formoreinformation,contact:

TrustAfricaLot87,SacréCoeur3PyrotechniexVDNBP45435Dakar‐Fann,SénégalT:+221.33.869.4686F:[email protected]

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15thICASAConferenceReport

3–7December2008Dakar,Senegal

ExecutivesummaryAn important step in the fight againstHIV/AIDS inAfrica is to identify the knowledge,attitudes,andpracticesofAfrican leaders regardingHIV/AIDS.Gainingclarityon theseissues can help create opportunities for learning and exchange across Sub‐SaharanAfrica. The need to step up this identification process emerged as one of the mainconclusions at the 15th International Conference on AIDS and Sexually TransmittedInfections in Africa (ICASA), held in Dakar, Senegal—a conference partly financed byTrustAfrica.

With ‘Africa’sResponse:FacetheFacts’as itstheme,theconferencesoughttosustaintheprogressthathasbeenachievedinpreventingnewHIVinfectionsandenablingmoreindividuals to receive antiretroviral treatment, both of which are urgent priorities forAfricancountriesfacingtheAIDSepidemic. Italsoprovidedanopportunitytoevaluateinitiatives and interventions that havebeendeveloped to addressHIV/AIDS andothersexuallytransmittedinfections(STIs)acrosstheAfricancontinentoverthepast20years.Otheraims includedmeasuring the strengthsand shortcomingsofdifferentprograms;promoting collaboration among scientists, sectoral leaders, and communitypractitioners;andsustainingandincreasingHIVawarenessinAfrica.

For the first time in the history of the ICASA conference—the continent’s largestgatheringofHIV/AIDSactivistsand researchers—therewasnoticeablevisibilityandanextensivepresentationofinternationallesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgendered(LGBT)issues. This groundbreaking achievement appeared to mark a positive shift in theattitudes of the participants. Sexualminorities were able to submit their concerns tointernational donors, national organizations dealing with HIV/AIDS, and Africangovernments—three groups that have thus far failed to respond to the challenges ofHIV/AIDSamongthesepopulations.TherewasspaceallocatedtoTrustAfricatoconvenesome of these voices—including those of traditionalists, youths, and minorities—in asessionthatbroughttogetherdivergentbutrichviews.

OtherdominantthemesincludedtheneedtoupgradeexistingHIVpreventionprograms,engageyouth,andpaycloserattentiontominoritygroups.Across‐cuttingissuethatwasidentifiedasapplyingtoallareasunderdiscussionwastheneedforlong‐termfinancing.

Prof.SouleymaneM’Boup,presidentoftheICASA2008organizingcommittee,describedtheconferenceasanextremelysuccessfuleventandexpressedhisappreciationtotheparticipantsandorganizers.M’Boupconcludedbyurging them to spread themessagethatAfricamustadvanceitsresponsetoAIDS.

Reporton15thICASAConference

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IntroductionApproximately 22 million individuals infected with HIV live in Sub‐Saharan Africa.AccordingtotheUNAIDS2008Report,two‐thirds(67%)ofallpeoplelivingwithHIVandthree‐quarters(75%)ofalldeathscausedbyAIDSgloballywerereportedinthisregionduring2007.InAfrica,AIDSremainstheprimarycauseofdeath.Despitethesealarmingfigures,AfricahasmadepositivegainsinimplementingprogramsfocusingonHIV/AIDSawareness, intervention, prevention, and treatment. Sexual behavioral changes—likeincreasedcondomusageamongpeoplewithmultiplepartners,fewermultiplepartners,andengaginginsexualactivityatalaterstageinlife—havealsobeenreportedinsomeregionswheretheprevalenceofHIV/AIDSisveryhigh.

ThisreportfocusesontheunheardvoicesandminoritygroupsintheHIV/AIDSsector.Italsodetailstheaimsandobjectivesofvariousstakeholdersattheconferenceandseekstoamplifytheirremarks.Inaddition,thereport highlights numerous efforts thathave had an impact on core issuesrelatingtoHIV/AIDS.

The International Conference on AIDSand Sexually Transmitted Infections inAfrica(ICASA)wasfoundedin1986byagroup of African scientistswho saw theneed fora forum fordiscussingways tomanage and reverse the impact ofHIV/AIDS and STIs in Africa. Hosted byAfricancountrieseverytwoyears,ICASAprovidesanopportunitytocommunicate,exchange ideas, and launch newapproachesaswellasanarenaforpoliticallobbyingandencouragingempiricalresearch.

Theobjectiveofthe15thICASAconference,held3–7December2008inDakar,Senegal,was to provide Africanswith an opportunity to assess the numerous actions taken inresponse toAIDS indevelopingcountriesaswellas thepandemic’sglobal impact.ThemainthemeswerethepreventionofnewHIVinfections,thewaysinwhichantiretroviraltreatmentcanbemadeavailabletomorepeople,andtheneedformoreresearch.

Delegates representingall levelsof society (community, regional,andnational)met todiscusstriedandtestedmethodsaswellasemerging issues.Theconferencecreatedaplatformtoengagerepresentativesfromboththedevelopedandthedevelopingworlds.

As indicated by its theme, ‘Africa’s Response: Face the Facts’, the main focus of theconference was to evaluate the initiatives and interventions developed to addressHIV/AIDSacrossAfricaoverthepast20years.Asinpreviousyears,theconferencedrewattention to the problems that exacerbate the epidemic in Africa. The agenda wasdesignedtorecognizeandsharethestrengthsandshortcomingsofdifferentprograms;encouragestrongercollaborationamong researchers, sectoral leaders,andcommunitypractitioners;andretainandraiseawarenessoftheprogressmadeinthisarea.

Internationalexpertsevaluatedthecurrentstateof theHIVepidemic,aswellasothersexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemics, and assessed the level of political

ICASAbannerbearingtheslogan“Togetherwefacethefacts.”


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commitment, scientific progress and challenges, community actions, and leadership.Prevention was at the forefront of the discussions, along with an emphasis on othervulnerablegroupsinAfrica.

Selectedsessionsattheconferenceexploredthefollowingtopics:

• ‘Knowingyourepidemicandyourresponse’• Humanrights‐basedapproaches• Discrimination• Stigma• Dealingwithwomen’sandgirl’svulnerabilities• Addressingissuesrelatedtomenwhohavesexwithmen(MSM)• AddressingtheissueofsexworkersandHIV• Public‐privatepartnerships• Theresponsibilityofreligiousandfaith‐basedorganizations• Technicalsupporttocountries• TuberculosisandHIV• Financialmatters

Speakers urged policy makers and leaders to get more involved in combating HIV,particularlythroughprevention.Onceleadershipstructureshavebeensetinplace,itisalso importanttosetupmechanismstomonitorthe implementationofprogramsthataddresstheconnectionbetweengenderissuesandHIV.

Anothersession,entitled‘FirstladiesofAfricaagainststigma,’emphasizedtheimportanceof leadership involvement in addressing this problem. Speakers addressed solidarityissuesandwaysofmotivatingindividualsandcommunitiestofightthestigmathatstillthwartseffortstoscaleupvoluntarycounselingandtesting(VCT)programsinAfrica.

To combat HIV/AIDS, action must be taken at the national level and, even moreimportantly, at the community level. Communitymembers should be included in theplanning and implementation of HIV programs because they are familiar with localhealth needs, social dynamics, and cultural customs. More grassroots involvement isneededtoensurethatprogramsgetofftheground.

The conference also highlighted themajor progress that has beenmade in providingantiretroviral (ARV) treatment; HIV care and treatment for children; and maternal,newborn, and child health services. ARV prices for children have been reduced, andpediatricdosinghasbeenestablished.However,despitetheprogressmadeinthisarea,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reportedthatmuchworkremainstobedoneandthatmostAfricancountriesareunlikelytoachieveuniversalaccesstotreatmentbythetargetdateof2010.

FinancialconcernsthatwereaddressedincludedthesocioeconomicimpactofHIV/AIDS,funding for vulnerable groups, the importance of the efficient use of funds, and thefinancialsustainabilityofHIV/AIDSprograms.

Speakers emphasized the need for greater commitment and financing on the part ofAfricangovernments.TheyurgedinternationalandnationalpartnerstodevelopabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsoftheHIVepidemicandensurethatfundingallocated


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for fighting it is used properly. TheWorld Bank said that it would continue to assistcountries financially and also help them to better allocate financial aid to combatHIV/AIDS.ThisassistancewillhelptoensurethattheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsareachieved.Dr.Michel Kazatchkine, executivedirector of theGlobal Fund to FightAIDS,Tuberculosis,andMalaria,saiditwouldmaintainitsfinancialcommitmenttocountriesin Africa and around theworld, despitetheglobalfinancialcrisis.

As noted above, the ICASA conferencecreated a platform for minority groupstosubmittheirconcernstointernationaldonors, national organizations dealingwithHIV/AIDS,andAfricangovernments.HIV/AIDS programs in Africa shouldtarget not only heterosexuals, but alsoLGBTgroupsthatarewidelyexcludedduetostigmaanddiscrimination.

The conference also looked at theimpact of migration on HIV in Africa.Participantsreportedthattheincreaseinhuman trafficking, as well as reducedaccess to HIV‐prevention programs, hasheightenedvulnerabilitytothevirus.MigrationremainsachallengeinAfrica,whereitisbecomingmorecommonduetoglobalintegration.Examplesincludeurbanization(fromtheruralareastothecities)andcross‐bordermigration(migrationbetweencountries).

A ‘global village’ set up at the conference venue enabled community‐basedorganizations (CBOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to showcase theirwork as well as demonstrate, analyze, and explain different response models to theepidemic inAfrica. Theobjectivewas toensureparticipationand representationofalltiersinvolvedintheresponsetoHIV.ThisactofinclusivitywasarrangedinresponsetoaperceptionthatAIDSprogramsoperatethroughatop‐downapproachthatrarelygiveslocalinitiativestheopportunitytoengageatotherlevels.

AlsosetupwasaTrustAfricasessionthatbroughttogetheranumberofparticipantsandorganizations towhomTrustAfrica hadmademobility grants. Below is a discussion ofthatsession.

OverviewoftheTrustAfricapresentationTrustAfricaalsohadapresenceatthe15thICASAconference.Itnotonlysponsoredtheattendance of more than 20 participants, but also hosted a session on efforts tostrengthenAfricanengagementinHIV/AIDSdecision‐makingatthegloballevel.

Dr. Bhekinkosi Moyo of TrustAfrica led the session, focusing on the organization’sHIV/AIDSinitiative.HebeganbyexplainingthatmostofTrustAfrica’sprogramsoriginatefromthedialogueamongthediverseAfricanvoicesthatittriestobringtogether.

WithregardtoHIV/AIDS,TrustAfricahasbeenworkingtoamplifyAfricanvoices intheglobalarenabyidentifyingminoritygroupsandsilentvoices.Oneplayeritcollaborated

At the “Global Village,” community‐basedorganizations(CBOs)andnongovernmentalorganizations(NGOs)displayedtheirwork.


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with is Prometra, an international organization that seeks to preserve and restoreAfricantraditionalmedicineandindigenousscience.PrometraleadersfromSenegalandUgandamadepresentationsontraditionalmedicineduringthesessionledbyTrustAfrica(seep.10).

Untilnow,Moyosaid,noinitiativeinAfricahasspecificallysoughttostrengthenAfrica’srole in the global fight against HIV/AIDS in terms of how initiatives are planned, howpolicies are developed, and how funds are used. He called TrustAfrica’s HIV/AIDSinitiative—StrengtheningAfricanEngagementwiththeGlobalHIV/AIDSEstablishment—agroundbreakingendeavorwithprospectsforsolidresults.ItaimstomapaclearerroadforvariousAfricangroupsand individuals toeffectivelyengagewithkeyplayers in theHIV/AIDSarenaandtofillgapsbetweenlocalandexperiencedgroups.

Moyodescribedtheoriginsandgoalsoftheinitiativeandoutlinedwhathasbeendonesofar.ItarosefrommeetingsattheFordFoundation,whichsoughttoaddressissuesofsexuality and HIV/AIDS. There is a need for an African response to the problemsaffecting the continent, and the Ford Foundation provided funding to implement thisinitiative.

Moyo emphasized the need to support continental strategies that address neglectedareasorpoorly addressed issuesof cross‐sectional significance.Althoughprogresshasbeen made in Africa in terms of community efforts and national and internationalinterventions, therehavebeenno coordinated continental strategies to tie everythingtogether.Oneof theaimsof theHIV/AIDS initiative therefore is tobuildacontinentalresponsetotheissues.

TrustAfricamaintainsthatglobalandinternationaleffortsarecriticalinthefightagainstHIV/AIDSinAfrica.Forthisreason, it isvitaltoamplifyAfricanperspectives, initiatives,voices, andknowledge so they canplaya significant role in areaswheredecisionsareactuallymade. It isalsocritical tobridgethegapsbetween localexperiencesand localvoicesinAfrica,aswellasbetweenpolicymakinginternationallyandcontinentally.

AboutTrustAfricaTrustAfrica is an independent foundation that strives to secure the conditions fordemocracy and equitable development throughout the continent. Based in Dakar,Senegal, itconvenes leadingAfricanthinkersandpractitioners to identifypriorities,makerecommendations,andbuildpartnershipstoaddressthesecriticalchallenges.It thenprovidesgrantsand technical assistance toAfricanorganizationsworking toimplementtheserecommendations,whichfocusontheareasofdemocracyandcivilsociety,equitabledevelopment,andAfricanphilanthropy.

Since its inception in2006,TrustAfricahasbuiltastrongnetworkofdiverseAfricanvoices—including opinion leaders, civil society advocates, scholars, mediaprofessionals, grassroots activists, Africans in the diaspora, and representatives ofAfrican governments, regional organizations, and donor agencies. Its programsemphasize cross‐Africa exchange and learning, generating ideas for Africanleadershipinsolvingproblems,forgingpartnershipsandcollaborationamongAfricaninstitutions,andinfluencingotherdonorstosupportAfricaninitiatives.


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TrustAfricahopesthatthegroupsidentifiedandsupportedwillbeabletobridgethesegapsandlearnfromeachother,andthensharelessonslearnedacrossthecontinent.

The immediate goals for the initiativeareto:

• Include independent Africanvoices and perspectives withinglobal policies and internationalbindinginitiativesonHIV/AIDS;

• Developastrongresponsetotheepidemic, as well as effectiveintervention and preventionprograms;

• Identify marginalized groups,including women and children;and

• Ensure that regional institutionsare strengthened to pay specialattention to issues related toHIV/AIDSinAfrica.

Toachievethesegoals,Moyosaid,theinitiativewouldhavetoaccomplishthefollowingobjectives:

• DocumentgapsinthelevelsofinteractionandcollaborationamongkeyHIV/AIDSorganizations and experts across disciplines and sectors to help synthesizeexperiencesandknowledgeforthisconcertedadvocacyatthegloballevel;

• Identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of African leaders and keyregionalinstitutionswithregardtoHIV/AIDS;

• Explore opportunities to promote learning and exchange among HIV/AIDScommunitiesacrossSub‐SaharanAfrica;

• Identifythefundingandtechnicalassistanceneedsofexperiencedactorsintheareaandimprovetheircommunicationandadvocacyskills;

• OutlineopportunitiesforAfricanleaderstogainaccessto,andtakecenterstageat,HIV/AIDSglobalforumsandinstitutions;and

• Recognizeways to stimulate global institutions and forums to create sufficientopportunities forAfricanperspectives, lessons,knowledge,and initiativestobepresentedandheard.

OneoutcomeTrustAfricahopes toachieve is the increasedandactiveparticipationoflocallybasedrepresentativesoforganizations.Theinitiativeaimstoincludepeoplefromallwalksoflife,includinggrassrootsorganizations.TrustAfricaprovidesmobilitysupporttominoritygroupstoenablethemtoattendworkshopsandconferences.Byprovidingassistance and sponsoring groups and individuals, it allows them tomake their voicesheard at thenational andglobal level, thereby increasing the visibility ofmarginalizedAfricangroups.

AnotherdesiredoutcomeistobuildgreatercollaborationamongorganizationsworkingonHIV/AIDS.Thiscollaborationwillyieldapooloftalent,composedofknowledgeable

Presenters at the TrustAfrica session: Dr.Erick Gbodossou, Prometra Senegal; Dr.Bhekinkosi Moyo and Ms. Jeanne Elone,TrustAfrica..


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individualsanddiverseAfricangroups,thatiscapableofinfluencingglobalresponsestoHIV/AIDSinAfricathroughnetworkingandadvocacy.ImprovedvisibilityofAfricanbestpractices in HIV/AIDS control and stronger African leadership will increase Africa’sstature and influence in the field, helping to correct the overrepresentation ofinternationalandAfricanorganizationsinpolicyadvocacyatgloballevel.

BackgroundinformationontheTrustAfricaHIV/AIDSinitiativeThecenterpieceofTrustAfrica’sHIV/AIDSinitiativetodateisasurveyconductedoversixweeksinFebruaryandMarchof2008.Duringthisperiod,ateamofthreeresearchers,along with several HIV/AIDS program and organization development specialists,conductedresearchinfourAfricancountries:Ghana,Kenya,TheGambia,andZambia.

The research team carried out in‐depth interviews to gather information about theknowledge,views,andperspectivesof selectedkey informants fromthepublic sector,civil society organizations, universities, relevant research institutions, the media, andinternationaldevelopmentpartners. The teampaid special attention to initiatives thattargetmarginalizedgroups,includingwomen,youth,andsexualminorities.

ThefindingsofthestudySome interesting findings emerged from the research. Respondents showed anenormousinterestintheresearchtopicandsawitasrelevantandimportanttoAfrica’saspirations in all development sectors. They expressed the belief that AfricanperspectiveswereweakintheresponsetoHIV/AIDSinAfricaandvoicedconcernsaboutwhether these perspectives could have an impact on the international community.Africanperspectiveswithregardtodesires,preferencesandobjectivesarediverse,andsomeareknown,whileothersarenot.The researchersalsosought to identify leadersandfindwaystoequipthemforeffectiveengagement.

Respondents felt that African leaders and institutions should be invited to relevantinternational and national conferences, but stated that, without any funding frominternational communities, such participationwould not be possible. The respondentsalsofeltmarginalizedfromthedecision‐makingprocess.

FindingsshowedthatAfricanleaderssoughttoinfluencetheHIV/AIDSagendatoreflectAfricanperspectivesthroughnational,subregional,andregionalmeetings,inadditiontothe global settings. Yet the knowledge and attitudes of African leaderswere found todifferintermsofHIV/AIDS,withsomeleadersopenlysupportingpoliciesandprograms,andotherleadersbeingindenialandunsure,orlackingcommitmentandpoliticalwill.

Findings indicated that the presence of Africans in international organizations wouldhelptopromoteandenableengagement.However,itwasunclearhowthiswouldhelptofacilitatetheincorporationofAfricanperspectives.

Additionalconstraintsmentionedintheresearchreportinclude:

• ThestigmaanddiscriminationfacedbyindividualsinfectedwithHIV/AIDS;• Theproblemsofsilenceanddenial;• Inadequateresourcesandcapacity;• Thepoliticsoffunding;• Inadequatecoordinationandpartnerships;


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• Recurringconflictsandnaturaldisasters;• Weakhealthsystems;• Traditionalattitudesandpractices;and• Thelackofpoliticalstability.

The study revealed that sharing of information relies mainly on its documentation,monitoringandevaluation,andtheknowledgemanagementsystemscurrentlyinplace,aswell as the cultureof informationused in various countries.Respondents indicatedthatinformationsharingwasweakandnotsystematic.Thekeychannelsforinformationsharing include websites, radio, television, workshops, conferences, newsletters, andotherpublications.

Respondentsindicatedthatlessonsandgoodpracticesweremostlyrelatedtodifferentcomponents of HIV/AIDS programs and not fundamentally and directly linked tostrengthening African engagement with the international community. Althoughcountriesvarygreatlywithrespecttocapacityandresources,theirneedsremainsimilar.Therefore,technicalassistanceandfundingisrequiredto:

• Sustaintheexistingpositiveenvironment;• Facilitatetheenactmentandimplementationofpoliciesandlegislationrelated

todiscrimination,stigma,prevention,treatment,care,andsupportrelatingtoHIV/AIDS;

• Sustaintheinterestofcivilsocietyinsocialmobilization;• Guaranteeafocusonchanginghigh‐risksexualbehavior;• Buildcapacityatdifferentlevelsandimplementpoliciesandprograms;• DevelophumancapacitytomaintaintheimplementationofHIV/AIDSresponses

atalllevels;and• Supporttheimplementingagenciestoperformtheirrolesandresponsibilities.

The researchers found thatparticipants recognized that globalpolicies, initiatives, andinterventions had been receptive and sensitive to the primary needs of Africanbeneficiaries. The participants also mentioned that the international community hadshown caring, compassion, and concern through international mobilization andfundraisingefforts.

RecommendationsThe recommendations that emanated from this research included identifying theknowledge,attitudes,andpracticesofAfricanleadersandtheirkeyconcernsregardingHIV/AIDS so thatopportunities canbeput inplace topromote learningandexchangeamong the HIV/AIDS communities across Sub‐Saharan Africa. This would make itpossibletoidentifythefundingandtechnicalassistanceneedsofexperiencedactorsandprovidethemwiththemeanstosharpentheircommunicationandadvocacyskills.Theresearchers also underscored theneed to identify opportunities forAfrican leaders togainaccessto,andtakecenterstageat,HIV/AIDSglobalforumsandinstitutionsaswellas findways to stimulate global institutions and forums to create adequate space forAfricanperspectives,lessons,knowledge,andinitiatives.

Overall,thestudyconcludedthatAfricanvoicesarepresentbutexceedinglyweakintheglobal response toHIV/AIDS inAfrica. Itattributed this topoor leadership, inadequateempowerment of leaders, insufficient capacity among regional institutions to engage


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Africa in their global HIV/AIDS response,weak advocacy expertise among leaders andinstitutions,poorperformanceofHIV/AIDSinterventions,weakmonitoringandevaluationsystems,lowallocationofdomesticfunds(especiallyfundingforneededpolicy‐orientedresearchand‘thinktank‐type’activities),andunfulfilledinternationalcommitments.

The study recommended that leadership be expanded to include members from alllevels of society. African leaders should be more active and should continually lobbyglobal partners for assistance. They should also be encouraged to create a forum forcapacitybuildingandnetworkingamongdifferentAfricancountriestoensureeffectivetraining in different approaches to HIV/AIDS programs. The improvement of excitingHIV/AIDS programs is essential for advocacy, leadership, and empowerment.Continuous,effectivemonitoringandevaluationofsystemsareneededtodemonstrateperformance in HIV/AIDS intervention and engagement strategies, to prove thatsupportivedataisreliableandofgoodquality,andtoshowthatleadersaretrustworthy.

A systematicwayof documenting engagement strategies should be created to informplanningformoreeffectivestrategiesthroughpractice.Moredomesticfundsshouldbemade available to African countries to manage HIV/AIDS programs and to keep theirinternationalcommitments.Finally,AfricansmightdevelopadatabaseonHIV/AIDSthatcouldbewidelysharedthroughnetworking.

In keeping with the aim of listening to marginalized voices, lessons, knowledge, andinitiatives,somepertinentquestionswereraisedaboutTrustAfrica’sHIV/AIDSinitiativeduringthesession:

Q:Whoarethe‘unheardvoices’?A: Inthebeginning,TrustAfricaalsodidnotknowwhotheunheardvoiceswere intheHIV/AIDSarena.Theunheardvoiceswereidentifiedaswomenandchildren,traditionalhealers, and gays and lesbians, and more groups will be added to the list frominformation gathered at this conference and from the research conducted by theconsultantsworkingonTrustAfrica’sHIV/AIDSinitiative.

Q:Whydoesn’tTrustAfricatakeAfricanproposals?A: Partly for logistical reasons; TrustAfrica is a young institution and does not havesufficient capacity to handle unsolicited proposals. The main reason, though, isphilosophical; the foundation seeks to catalyze ideas through convenings. It firstidentifiesindividualsworkinginaffectedcommunitiesandrelevantfields,andasksthemtocomeupwithprojectsthatmightbefunded.Thefoundationthenworksto identifyorganizationsthatcouldhelpwiththeirimplementation.Finally,TrustAfricaapproachesinstitutionsandcommunitiesandrequestsproposals.

Q:DoesTrustAfricaacceptproposalsfromindividualswhowanttoconductresearch?A:Thesameanswerapplieshere.However, insomeinstances,TrustAfricadoesacceptproposals from the private sector, but these are mainly related to business schools,universities,andjob‐relatedprojects.SometimesitcommissionsresearchonissueslikeHIV/AIDS.TrustAfrica’spriorityistosupportinstitutionsratherthanindividuals.

During the session, Moyo also noted that TrustAfrica is exploring opportunities toestablishapresenceinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia,thatwillinterfacewiththeAfricanUnionandotherbodiestosupportcivilsocietygroupsatgrassrootslevel.Thisofficewouldalso


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help individuals toattendAfricanUnionmeetings.Moyoalsonoted thatTrustAfrica isworkingwithHumanityUnitedtostrengthencivilsocietyinLiberia.

ThesessionalsohighlightedthefactthatindividualsandsmallNGOsdonotknowwhotheAfricanleadersare.ParticipantsconcludedthatattentionshouldbegiventoAfricanleadersinorderforthemtomakethemselvesknowntothepeopleatgrassrootslevel.Anothermajorconcern forparticipantsat thissessionwaswhythe leadersandotherswerenothearing them.“Are theynotwilling tohearus?” theyasked.“Areourvoicestoolowtobeheard?”Participantsfeltthatleadersandothersshouldsolicitideasandbemoreopentonewproposalsandrequests.

Moyo concluded by saying that TrustAfrica believes it is good to democratize publicspheres,asthiswillprovideopportunitiesforpeopletobeheard.

TraditionalMedicineTrustAfrica’s session at the ICASA conference provided a platform where traditionalhealerscouldmaketheirvoicesheard.TrustAfricaprovidedmobilitysupportforsomeofPROMETRA’s members to attend the conference and make exhibitions. They sharedtheirpractices,beliefs,andexperiencesinrelationtoHIV/AIDSandbriefedparticipantson the emerging issues and challenges they face in West Africa. In most Africancountries, individuals relyonhome‐based careand seekhelp from traditionalhealers.Sometimes people visit traditional healers to seek a second opinion when diagnosedwithanincurabledisease.

ThesessionincludedapresentationbyPrometra(www.prometra.org),aninternationalorganization dedicated to preserving and restoring African traditional medicine andindigenous science. Prometra is working to cultivate greater understanding andcollaboration among traditional healers and scientists, which could lead to moresuccessfulHIV/AIDS prevention and control programs inAfrica. It engages in scientificand cultural research, education, advocacy, and traditional medical practice.Its workrequiresbridgingthegapbetweenAfricantraditionalmedicineandWesternmedicine,with theaimof legalizing traditionalmedicine.Prometra seeks to sharebestpracticesfrom countries like China, India, and Vietnam, where traditional medicine is a legallyrecognizedcomponentofnationalhealthcaresystems.

InmanyAfrican countries, citizens lackaccess toadequatehealthcare facilities. This iscompoundedbyashortageofskilledhealthcarepersonnel,alackofequipment,andanincreasing‘braindrain’problemasskilledpersonalleavetoworkindevelopedcountries.In areaswhere services are available, they are usually expensive andunaffordable formost of the population. According to WHO, as much as 80 percent of the world’spopulation relies on traditionalmedicine and indigenous knowledge formeeting theirprimaryhealthcareneeds.

Dr. Erick Gbodossou, who spoke on behalf of Prometra Senegal, focused on variousnegative perceptions about traditional medicine in Africa. Traditional healers feelmarginalizedindecision‐makingprocessesandfeelthattheirvoicesarenotbeingheard.GbodossoustressedtheimportanceoftakingthevoicesoflocalleadersintoaccountinthetreatmentofHIV/AIDSinordertocombatthedisease.HeexpressedhopethattheinvolvementoftraditionalhealerscoudhelpsaveAfrica.


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Dr.YahayaSekagya,presidentofPrometrainUganda,alsospokeatthesession.Bothadental surgeon and an expert in traditional African medicine, Sekagya is working toconserve and teach the traditional methods of healing. He believes it is possible toprovidecost‐effectiveprimaryhealthcaretoeveryone.HeacknowledgedthatWesternmedicine is more efficient than traditional medicine in some areas, but stressed thattraditionalhabitsshouldnotberejectedduetolackofunderstanding.Inasupplementalinterview he said, “It is essential to have knowledge of both parts of medicine—theWesternandthetraditionalside.”

SekagyaemphasizedtheimportanceoftraditionalhealingtechniquesinthefightagainstHIV/AIDS.Speakingasatraditionalhealer,hesaidheperceivesAIDStobeacombinationofvariousdiseases:

“Idobelievethatallthesediseaseshavealwaysexistedinourcommunitiesandwehavedealtwiththembefore.Inmanycases,peoplefromtheurbanandruralcommunitiescometous[thetraditionalhealers]tobehealed,andwegivethemtheherbsandtheyarehealed.Thesediseasesarenotnew.Theyhavebeen inexistenceall thetime.PeopletelluswearenotsupposedtoclaimthatwearehealingpeoplewithAIDS.WhyisitthenthatwhenIprovideanAIDSpatientwiththese herbal medicines, the patient claims to be without problems for threeyearsofmore?”

BeyondtheTrustAfricasession,someoftheothersessionsattheconferencefocusedonthefollowingissues:

• Thevulnerabilityofwomenandgirls;• LeadershipandChampionsforanHIV‐FreeGeneration;• InvolvingyouthinAfrica’sresponsetoAIDS;• Sexualminorities;• HIVinprisonsettings;• Malecircumcision;• Sexworkers;• Disability;and• Socialchangecommunication.

ThevulnerabilityofwomenandgirlsAttheopeningceremonyofICASAconference,theissueofthevulnerabilitytoHIV/AIDSamong women and girls in Southern Africa was addressed. Speaking at the openingplenary, Dr. Peter Piot, the executive director of UNAIDS, released a regional reporthighlighting four setsofactions toaddressproblemsofvulnerability in thehardesthitregions. These actions are to be grounded in national strategies and much‐neededsettingsthatarecontextspecific.

(1) Mobilize communities around HIV/AIDS prevention, with strong maleinvolvement,sorelevantstrategiescanbeputinplacetolookatthecausesandconsequencesof,andsolutionsto,thevulnerabilityofyoungwomenandgirls.

(2) Expand access to high‐quality, well‐integrated, and essential sexual andreproductive health and prevention services among young women, whilemobilizingdemandanduseforthem.


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(3) Develop and ensure that adequate technical and financial resources forimplementing national strategies are put in place to address the structuraldriversofvulnerability.

(4) Strengthen the capacities of countries for epidemiological and behavioralobservation,whichcanhelpmonitorcoveragetoimprovedecision‐making.

The vulnerability of women and girls in Southern Africa also came up in a satellitesession. This session examined the social transformation around the immediatepractices and attitudes that lead to HIV infection in women and girls and presentedevidence that supports the call for social transformation. Speakers highlighted thevulnerabilityofyoungwomenandgirlsinSouthernAfricaandfocusedonage‐disparateand intergenerationalsex,biologicalvulnerability,economicempowerment,education,gender‐basedviolenceandknowledge,andriskperceptionandbehavior.

Helen Rees, a researcher and lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand’sReproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, led a presentation on the biologicalvulnerabilityofwomentoHIVinfections.SheexplainedhowthebiologicalriskforHIVisdependenton theefficiencyof transmissionat the timeof sexual intercourseand theimpactthatdifferentsexualactivitieshaveontransmission.

Rees also discussed the dangers related to vaginal practices (such as drying, cleaning,and tightening the vagina) followed bymany Southern Africanwomen. She called forbetter efforts to share information on this issue with women in Africa. Rees alsodescribedhowalcoholplaysanimportantroleinriskysexualbehaviorandthedecision‐makingprocessof youngadults,puttingthem at greater risk of contracting HIVand other STIs. Better health servicescould lessen women’s vulnerability.Effective intervention programswith anemphasis on gender equality could alsohelptoreduceHIVandSTIinfections.

SusanKaseddeofUNAIDSaddressedtheissues of age‐disparate sex in SouthernAfrica. She reported on several studiesdocumenting the commonalityof youngwomen and girls having older sexualpartners either for material or financialgain. These relationships are alsoassociated with unsafe sexual practicesand increased risk of HIV. Moreover, they disempower women and place them in aposition where safer sexual practices are non‐negotiable. Younger women and girlsperceiveoldermenasbeingmorestableandlesspromiscuousthanyoungermen.Theoldermenbelieved the youngerwomenare free fromHIV.Although youngerwomenand girls are caught up in these relationships due to coercion or poverty, Kaseddereportedthatsomewomenexploittheserelationshipsanddonotperceivethemselvesas victims. Youngerwomen felt that they had the power to decide on the number ofpartnersandthetypeofrelationshipinwhichtheybecomeinvolved.

Helen Rees from the Reproductive Healthand HIV Research Unit, University of theWitwatersrand.


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To address this issue, programs shouldwork to educate and empower youngwomenand girls and raise their perception of the risks of being involved in age‐disparaterelationships.Television,radio,andadvertisinghaveanenormousinfluenceonthelivesandpersonalrelationshipsofyoungpeople,aswellasontheirdecision‐makingabilities.Involving themedia in HIV‐prevention programs can help spread themessage amongyoungwomenand girls. The exploitationof younger girls alsoneeds tobe addressed,andeffectivelawenforcementshouldbeapplied.Communityinvolvementisneededtochangethenormsandvaluesassociatedwithage‐disparaterelationshipsandtoensureeffectiveresponsestothispractice.

In Southern Africa, the education sector lacks systematic mechanisms for sharinginformationaboutHIV.ElsewhereinAfrica,networkingwitheducationdepartmentsandAIDSauthoritieshasprovensuccessfulinsharingknowledge.SouthernAfricancountriescouldthereforelearnfromothercountriesanddevelopregionalnetworksthatsupportknowledgesharingandcombinedactionbyeducationdepartments.

“Unlessyourecognizethatwomenaremostvulnerable...andsomethingisdoneaboutthe social and cultural equality, youwill never defeat this pandemic.”Thesewere thewords of Stephen Lewis, as quoted by Dudzai DorrenMureyi in her opening speech.Mureyi isa21‐year‐oldpharmacystudentfromZimbabwe.Shehastakenabreakfromherstudiestoparticipateinapan‐AfricanTVrealityshow,ImagineAfrika.Theshowisaninitiativeof theAfricaBroadcastMediaPartnershipAgainstHIV/AIDS (ABMP),which isrunningamulti‐yearawareness campaign, the ‘YOU’Campaign, stressing theneed forindividual responsestoHIV. ImagineAfrikapits12changemakersbetweentheagesof18 and 25 against the main challengesfacing Africa, especially those perceivedto be drivers of HIV, such as genderinequity,peerpressure,sexualcoercion,stigma, tradition, poverty, low self‐esteemandlackofhopeforthefuture.

Mureyi presented a paper on how theSouthern African girl or womannavigates around issues related to HIVand other challenges. She reported onher own life experience, including herfamily’s periodic struggle to make endsmeet, the community she lives in, andthe fact that she is female. “All thesefactors make me a ripe target for HIV infection—my age, my sex, and mycircumstances.” She also addressed the issue of being a young woman who is nevertakentooseriouslyandexplainedthatinAfricanculture,youngpeopleareperceivedtobe naïve, inexperienced, and unwise, and therefore are sidelined when importantmattersarebeingdiscussed.Theyaredeniedtheplatformtoairtheirideasregardlessofhowinsightfultheymaybe.

Thepresentationhighlighted thedifficulties that youngpeopleoftenexperiencewhentrying toobtain condomsandcontraception fromhealthcenters thatare supposed toprovidethem.Manyyoungpeoplefeelvictimizedbecausetheyareperceivedtobetooyoung to even think about sex. In many countries it is hard to get condoms

DudzaiDorrenMureyi,Zimbabwe.


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anonymously,soyoungpeoplehaveunprotectedsexualintercourse.Youngwomenaredisempoweredandcannotnegotiatesaferpracticesbecausemenareperceivedtoknowitallandtheyarealwaysinpower.

Sexual initiation camps still exist in Southern African countries where young girls aretaught how to behave during sexual practices. Upon leaving these camps, they areexpected to experiment with what they have been taught, and this experimentationtakesplacewithoutprotection.TheseyounggirlsarethereforeatriskofcontractingHIVandother STDs. In an interview,Mureyi said: “I strongly believe that youngpeople ingeneral,andespeciallyyoungwomen,arenotgivenplatformsonwhichtoairtheirideasandbuildtheirdreams.Resourcesandopportunitiesarescarce,andmostyoungpeopleinAfricadiewiththeirdreams.Youngpeople lackavoicethat is listenedto,andtheirviews and problems are rarely heard and addressed. This is why self‐destructive andreckless behavior is rampant among Africa’s young people. I wish there was anorganizationthatjustlookedtoempowerAfrica’syoungprodigiesandvisionaries.”

This satellite session provided a platform for discussing ways to turn the epidemicaroundforwomenandgirlsintheregion.Speakersalsosharedthedifferenttoolstheyusetocreateawarenessandbringaboutbehavioralchange.

One of these tools is an outstanding South Africanmultimedia health promotion andsocialchangeprojectcalledtheSoulCityInstitute.Overthepastfewyears,thisprojecthasreachedmorethan16millionSouthAfricansthroughdramaandentertainment. Ithastwocomponents:SoulCity, foradults,andSoulBuddyz, for8‐ to12‐year‐oldsandadults.SoulCityalsorunsaregionalprogramthathaspartneredwithlocalorganizationsin eight Southern African countries. Soul City and Soul Buddyz programs have beenbroadcast in numerous African counties, the Caribbean, Latin America, and SoutheastAsia. Its programs explore various aspects of health and development, providinginformationneededtochangeattitudesandsocialnorms.

At the conference in Dakar, the Soul City Institute screened a DVD designed to raiseawareness of behaviors that put young women and men at risk of contracting HIV.Entitled“Girlsatrisk–Untoldstories inatimeofHIVandAIDS”, itwasacollaborativeeffort by Soul City andUNAIDS. It told the stories of fivewomen, calling attention tofactors that heightened their risk of HIV infection, including multiple and concurrentpartners, transsexual sex, andviolenceagainstwomen. It also recountedanorphanedgirl’sstruggleforsurvivalandaschoolgirl’sencounterswithanabusiveteacher.

RayhanaRassoolofSoulCitytalkedaboutthemeritsofusingmultimediaaccesspointstomobilize people. Speaking about social change communication, she said structuresmustbe changed to support individualbehavioral change. Shealsoexplained that theSoul City Institute strives to create an environment that enables growth andempowermentamongcommunitiesthroughgooddecision‐making,whichwillultimatelyimprovethequalityof lifefor individuals.Sheconcludedthatmorediscussion,debate,and awareness of sexuality and sexual behavior is needed to bring societal change.Duringthissession,participantsdiscussedanevaluationofthenumeroustoolspresentedandexchangedinformationabouttheresearchmethodsandcontent.

At thebeginningof the conference, theWorldBank launched adocumentary entitled“Courage and Hope.” Donald Bundy, the Bank’s leading specialist on school health


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HIV/AIDSeducation,gaveabriefsummary.Thefilmfocusesonfourschoolteacherswhoare HIV‐positive, showing the daily challenges they face, such as discrimination andstigmatization.

LeadershipandchampionsforanHIV‐freegenerationAt the 17th International AIDS Conference in Mexico City, Mr. Festus G. Mogae, theformer president of Botswana, launched the ‘Champions for an HIV‐free generation’campaign. Itspurposewastomobilizehigh‐profile leaderstorestoreandrevitalizetheresponse toAIDS inSub‐SaharanAfrica.The ‘champions’are leaders inAfricawhoareknown tobeoutspokenandhonestand capableof influencing theopinionsofpeopleinfectedandaffectedbytheHIV/AIDSepidemic.

The campaign hopes to get more leaders to take a public stand and fulfill theircommitment in theareaofHIV/AIDS. The championshave focusedonHIVpreventionandtheyareabletoaddress issues freelyand independentlybothpubliclyandbehindthe scenes. Prof. MiriamWere, chairperson of the Kenya National AIDS Commission,claimed that it is the responsibility of these champions to speak on behalf of thosewithouta voice. “As leaders,weneed tobededicatedandmotivated todo thework.Secret voices need to be heard and put on the floor.” The questionwas raised abouthowleadersandsecretvoicescanbebroughttogether.Prof.Weresaidthat“everybodyisachampion”andthatindividualsdonotneedtowaitforotherstodothingsforthem.Individualsneedtoact.Sheconcludedthatthesecretvoicesneedtoactbystandingupanddoingsomethingtobeseenandheard.

Ms. LyiaKebede,WHOGoodwillAmbassador and international supermodel, explainedthatnotallsolutionsneedmoneyandthatwillpowerisequallyimportant.

The session also highlighted the fact that the championswill fight for better policies,laws,andpracticesinresponsetotheepidemic.Thechampionsalsoaimtostrengthenandimprovehealthpracticesandemphasizedevelopmentsthathavebeenmade.

LeadershipprogramAnother noteworthy session at the conference was a leadership program in whichleadersdiscussedopportunitiesandchallenges involved inscalingupaneffectiveAIDSresponseinAfrica.Thisprogrammeshedperfectlywiththethemeoftheconference.Inaddition,integratingtheleadershipprogramintotheconferenceframeworkallowedforsynergywithtwootherconferenceprograms:thescientificprogramandthecommunityprogram.Thisleadershipprogramunderscoredtheneedtofosteractiveandsustainableengagementbyleadersfromallsectorsandatalllevels,aswellastheneedtomobilizeleadership to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa and globally. The leadershipprogram reached out to political leaders, activists, women leaders, business leaders,youthleaders,philanthropists,researchersandscientists,rolemodels,individualslivingwithHIV,andcommunitymembers.

InvolvingyouthinAfrica’sAIDSresponseAccording to the UNAIDS (2007) AIDS Epidemic Update, HIV/AIDS adversely affectsyoung people in all parts of Africa and is especially prevalent among young peoplebetweentheagesof15and24.Thisagegroupaccountsforapproximately45%ofnewHIV infections reported in 2007. The Global Guidance Briefs on HIV Interventions for


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YoungPeoplehighlightthegoalofreducingHIVamongyoungadultsgloballybyensuringthattheyhaveaccesstoinformation,education,lifeskills,andservices.

UNAIDS and UNICEF Special Representative HRH Princess Mathilde of Belgium wasamongthepresentersatasessionfocusingonleadershipinthenextgenerationoftheAIDS response in Africa. She reconfirmed her involvement and commitment to youthandHIV/AIDS‐relatedmattersandarguedthat,inordertocurbthespreadofHIV/AIDSinfections, young people should be incorporated into HIV/AIDS programs and leadersshouldallowthemtomaketheirvoicesheard.Sheaddedthatyoungindividualsshouldset a positive example in their communities and should be able to freely distributeknowledgerelatedtoHIV/AIDSprevention.

The session called for more active participation by young girls and young women inHIV/AIDS intervention and prevention. The involvement of young adults in theseprogramsisimportantinpreventingthespreadofnewHIVinfectionsincommunities.

At a session on ‘Youth leadership in Africa and its response to HIV/AIDS,’ PrincessMathilde and other presenters discussed various issues facing young people and theeffect ofHIV/AIDS on their lives. Youngpeoplewere identified as a vulnerable group,andtheiractiveparticipationinpreventionandinterventionwasencouraged.

SeveralsessionsattheICASAconferencenoted the vulnerability of young adultsto HIV. Dr. BunmiMakinwa, director ofthe African division of United NationsPopulationFund (UNPFA), also reportedthat young individuals are at risk andsaid that parents, guardians, leaders,and community workers need to focusmore closely on this vulnerable group.Presenters concluded that sexualeducation should be implemented froman early age, and urged parents andguardians to address issues of sexualityandsafersexualpracticesathome.Theyalso called on governments to supportsexual education programs at schools,whichwill enable these programs to bemore comprehensive and detailed.Presenters felt that it would be best tointroducetheseissuesatanearlyagetoprevent infections. They also noted theimportanceof involvingyoungpeople inpolicymakingandprogramming.

SexualminoritiesForthefirsttime,theorganizersofthe15thICASAconferenceinDakarallowedAfricansexualminority groups to present and discuss issues related to lesbian, gay, bisexual,and transgendered (LGBT) persons. Many Africans still perceive homosexuality as

PrincessMathildeofBelgiumandUNAIDSExecutive Director, Dr. Peter Piot,addressing youth groups at the ICASAconference.


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something adopted from theWestern world, although activists have shown evidencethathomosexualityhasexistedhistoricallyamongvariousAfricanethnicgroups.

Only 15 out of the 53 African countries have decriminalized consensual same‐sexconduct, indicating that more than two thirds of the countries on the continent stillexplicitlycriminalizesame‐sexrelations.Forinstance,inSenegal,same‐sexrelationshipsareprohibitedandcarryapenaltyofuptofiveyears’imprisonment.SouthAfricaistheonlycountryonthecontinentwhereitislegalforhomosexualstomarry,andonlyseven African countries have managedto includemenwhohave sexwithmen(MSM)intheirnationalpolicies.

Joel Gustave Nana, Southern and WestAfrican program associate for theInternational Gay and Lesbian HumanRights Commission (IGLHRC), gave anoverviewofsexualminoritiesandHIVinAfrica. The IGLHRC is a nonprofit,nongovernmental organization based inNew York, with branches in Cape TownandBuenosAires. It is a leadinghumanrights organization dedicated toimproving the rights of individuals whoare targeted for imprisonment, abuse, or death because of their sexuality, genderidentity,orHIV/AIDSstatus.IGLHRCdealswithhumanrightsviolationsbyaffiliatingwithand supporting activists globally, monitoring and documenting human rights abuses,engagingoffendinggovernments,andeducatinginternationalhumanrightsofficials.

NanareportedthattheconferencewasthefirsttimethatLGBTpersonswerereceivingsuchattentioninAfrica.HesaidthathomophobiahadfueledthespreadofAIDSandtheviolationofhumanrights,andthatHIV/AIDSorganizationsarereluctanttoaddressthisissuemainly becausehomosexuality is still illegal inmostAfrican countries.Nana alsodescribed the problems that sexual minorities face, such as silencing of voice, sexualorientation, human rights violations, and social inequalities.Hementioned that same‐sexpracticing individualshavebeenprevented fromattendingAfricanpolicymeetingsbecauseofhomophobia.Nanaconcluded:“WeareinvisiblewhenseriousmatterssuchasHIVareconcerned.”ResearchconductedinAfricahasshownthatMSMareuptoninetimesmorevulnerabletocontractingHIVthanheterosexuals.

Fikel Vilakazi, who directs the Coalition of African Lesbians, addressed the issues oflesbianandgay individuals inAfricaandexplainedsexuality intheAfricancontext.Shepointed out that people in Africa are still living in a patriarchal society. “This is evenmoreaggravatedby the traditional roles thatexist inAfrican societies,” she said. “Weare living in aheterosexualized society that is constructedonabasis ofmaleness andfemaleness.”Vilakazidescribedhowsocietiesexcludegaysandlesbiansandhighlightedtheactsofviolenceperpetratedagainstthemonthebasisthat“…ifyoudonotconform,youwillbeatarget.”Violencealsoheightensthevulnerabilityofwomen,whoareatriskofbeingrapedandtherebyexposedtoHIVandotherSTIs.

Simon Tseko Nkoli (1957–1998) was ananti‐apartheid, gay rights and AIDS activistinSouthAfricaandfounderoftheSaturdayGroup,thefirstblackgaygroupinAfrica.


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In general, it is believed that sex between two women is low in risk. Yet a studyconducted in SouthAfricaamonggay, lesbian,bisexual, and transgendered individualsrevealed that sex between two women also placed them at risk of contracting HIV.When lesbianswerecomparedtogay,bisexual,andtransgenderedpersons in relationto HIV infection, the prevalence rate was 9%. Vilakazi explained that although theprevalence rate is lower than 10%, lesbians are also at high risk of contracting HIVthrough bodily fluids. She discredited the myth that lesbians are not at risk ofcontracting HIV. Thus adequate information should be given to individuals andcommunity members about the risk of sexual behavior, and sexual orientationprogrammingshouldbeimplementedincommunities.Mostgovernmentstendtoignoregay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender issues, and therefore these individuals are notrecognizedbygovernmentandbecomeinvisible.

CyriaqueAkofromIvoryCoaststatedthathomosexualsandseropositiveindividualsarenot being heard as “they are supposed to be silent”. This is an important issue thatneeds to be addressed, and intervention is desperately needed in these areas. LGBTpersonsneedtobeincorporatedintothestrategicplanningbygovernment.

Analarmingnumberofmendonotusecondomswhenengaginginsexual intercourse.Manymenalsoengageinbisexualbehavior,andfewofthemgettestedtoknowtheirHIV status. Earl Ryan Burrell, a researcher at the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation,surveyed MSM in Cape Town and found several who were unaware of the risksassociatedwithcertainsexualpractices,despitetheHIV‐preventionprogramsrunninginthisregion.

ResearchconductedinNigeriarevealedthatverylittleisknownaboutthelinkbetweenHIVprevalenceandMSMinthecountry.ThislackofinformationandknowledgerelatedtoMSMandHIVisanareaofconcernthroughoutmuchofAfrica.AsurveyconductedinNigeriarevealedthatcondomusagewaslow,insufficientformsoflubricationwereused(forexample,saliva,oil‐basedlubricants,soap,anddomesticcookingoil,whichdamagethecondom),andmultiplepartnerswereprevalent(UNAIDS).Africangovernmentswereencouraged to invest more resources in supporting HIV prevention and to recognizeMSMasagroupthatrequirestailoredinterventionprogramsandmoreresearch.

The biggest obstacle facingMSM in Africa is the criminalization of same‐sex conduct.Other obstacles include discrimination, stigma, rejection, legal consequences, andtherefore fearofcoming forward.Theadvocacydirectorof theHumanRightsWatch’sLGBT Rights program, Boris Dittrich, said that manymarriedmen in Africa engage inMSMbutdonotperceivethemselvesasbeinggay.

This session also noted that theNigerian Constitution outlaws same‐sex conduct. Thecountryrecentlypassedabillthatnotonlyprohibitssame‐sexrelationsbutalsoforbidsindividualsfrompromoting,identifyingwith,orsupportingindividualsinvolvedinsame‐sexrelationships.NigeriadoesnothaveanysustainableinterventionprogramstargetingMSM. Burundi has also recently passed a bill that moves the country closer toacknowledginganewsodomy law.Senegal isoneof thesevenWestAfricancountriesthatincludesMSMinitsHIV‐preventionefforts,butitstillcriminalizessame‐sexconduct.ThissituationportraystheambiguitythatsurroundsMSMandHIV/AIDSprevention.


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PresentersallconcludedthatHIV/AIDSprogramsinAfricatendtotargetheterosexualsandexcludeLGBTgroupsduetostigmaanddiscrimination.Therefore,LGBTshouldbeclassified as a risk group, and assistance programs should include capacity building,accesstoservices,andpromotionofasocietywithoutjudgment.

A gap in empirical research has been identified concerning lesbian and transgender‐related issues and HIV. Governments should therefore provide adequate funding toorganizationsandindividualsinordertoconductresearchinareaswhereinformationisdesperatelyneeded.

HIVinprisonsettingsIn the ICASA session organized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC),Mr.GalloDiop,a formerprisonerandAIDSadvocate fromSenegal, stressedthat individuals moving in and out of prisons add to the spread of the HIV amongindividuals outside of prison settings. In prison settings, no HIV‐prevention measuresexistandnoadequate informationrelatedtosaferpractices isgiven,makingprisonersmoresusceptibletocontractingthevirus.

ItisthereforeimportanttoeducateprisonersaboutHIV,raiseawarenessofsafersexualpractices,andimplementpreventioninterventions—suchastheavailabilityofcondomsand safe tattooing and injecting equipment. Joel Gustave Nana of IGLHRC said thatprison sexualityorhomosexuality shouldnotbe regardedas tabooand that everyoneshould be entitled to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. Nana also contended thatindividualsdonotwanttoadmitthatmenarehavingsexwithmenandthatlesbianismexistsinprisonsettings.ThequestionremainsunansweredbytheauthoritiesinAfricaastowhethercondomsshouldbemadefreelyavailabletoinmates.

Poor conditions such as overcrowding, inadequate facilities, poor sanitary conditions,inadequatehealthcarefacilities,insufficientHIVpreventionservices,poornutrition,andlack of precautions are factors that enhance the spread of the HIV in prison settings.Prisons were identified as a neglected area, and prisoners were also identified as amarginalized group that needed immediate attention. This suggests that a knowledgegapexistsinunderstandingthemagnitudeoftheHIVepidemicinAfricanprisons,aswellastheneedtocreateawarenessofHIVamongprisoners.

WomenandHIVinprisonsettingsEven though prisons are high‐risk settings for the transmission of HIV and AIDS,programs for HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support are not adequatelydeveloped and implemented to respond to HIV within the prison system. Althoughwomen in prisons are exceedingly vulnerable to gender‐based sexual violence, prisonsettings do not usually address gender‐specific needs, and the occurrence of riskybehavioralpracticessuchasunsafetattooinganddrugusethroughinjectionsarehighlyprevalentintheseconfinedsettings.

With all these behavioral practices cited as high‐risk factors for HIV/AIDS, genderinequality, stigma and discrimination can make women even more vulnerable to thepandemic. Governments will therefore require a different set of psychological, social,and health‐care approaches for women than for men. In African countries whereprograms do exist, they are often ineffective, andwomenmay not be able to benefitfromthem.Withnoclearplan linkedtorehabilitatingwomenprisoners,theburdenof


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thestigmaofimprisonmentcanweighevenmoreheavilyonthemthanonmen,makingitdifficultforthemtoreturnhomeoncetheyarereleased.

ThetimespentimprisonedcanincreasetheriskofHIVinprisons,notonlyduetosexualviolence and high‐risk sexual behavior, but also due to drug use and injecting drugs,tattooing, and the lack of health care in these settings. It is important to developalternativestoaddressthespecialneedsofwomeninprisonsandtomakehealthcareservicesavailableasawayofcreatingopportunities foressential interventionstocurbthespreadofHIV/AIDS.

MalecircumcisionMale circumcision in African cultures is one way in which information about safe‐sexpractices is inaccurately conveyed. This age‐old practice created quite a stir amongresearchers at the ICASA conference. Approximately 40 research studies conducted inAfrica have revealed that male circumcision reduced the risk of HIV transmission formen. But people need to understand it better before it can be scaled up as aninterventionforpreventingHIVtransmission.SpeakersatthePanosbriefingsessionallemphasizedtheurgentneedforsensitizationonmalecircumcision.Thechairpersonofthe male circumcision task force in Swaziland, Samuel Magagula, stressed theimportanceofeducationaboutmalecircumcisionandhowithasbeenhinderedbytheculturalbeliefsincommunities.

Guy De Brown from the Perinatal HIV Researcher Unit at the University of theWitwatersrand in South Africa reported on high prevalence of HIV among MSM inSoweto Township. He concluded that male circumcision programming should includescalingupmalecircumcisionprograms,integratingthemwithvoluntarycounselingandtreatment (VCT) and addressing the challenges of spreading information on malecircumcisionasanHIV‐preventionprogram.

It is also vital that accurate information about circumcisionbemadeavailable tomenbefore and after the procedure. Men need to be informed that, by resuming sexualactivitybeforethewoundisfullyhealed,theyplacethemselvesandtheirpartnersatriskofcontractingHIV.TheMinisterofHealthandSocialWelfareinLesotho,MpolaiMaseilaMonteetee, presented on male circumcision programming and suggested thatindividuals need a clearer understanding before programs are scaled up. The sessionnotedthatseveralAfricangovernmentsdonothaveclearpositionsonmalecircumcisionandsuggestedthatAfricancountriesdotheirownresearchandformulatepoliciesbasedontheirnationalcontext.Aninterestingpointraisedduringthediscussionwas:“Whyisthe HIV/AIDS rate so high in regions where male circumcision is widely practicedcompared to regionsweremalecircumcision isnot common,especially since researchhas indicated that male circumcision reduces the spread of HIV?” Researchers wereurgedtoexplorethisavenueandcomeupwithrelevantrecommendations.

SexworkersAnotherissueofimportancethatemergedattheconferenceconcernedsexworkersandHIV.Although sexworkers havebeen identified as a vulnerable groupwith respect toHIV/AIDS,nodesirableresultshavebeenachieved.ThissatellitesessionemphasizedthesensitizationofstakeholdersandillustratedthestrategiesforpreventingHIVtrasmissioninsex‐worksettingsinAfricaandscalingupsuccessfulinterventions.


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Theconferencealsogavesexworkersanopportunitytosharetheirpersonalexperiences.Theystressedthatsomeyoungwomenandgirlsentertheindustrytosupporttheirdrughabitsandsuggestedthatthesefemaledrugusers involvedinsexworkformadistinctsubgroup.TheseindividualsarealsodoublyatriskofcontractingHIV.

Theprevalence rateamongsexworkers risesconsistentlyasyounger individualsenterthefieldeachday.Individuals inthesexindustryfaceanumberofproblems, includinglack of access to health care and support networks, gender violence, stigma, anddiscriminationaswellastheongoingstruggleforbasichumanrightsanddecentworkingconditions. Sex workers are marginalized in society, and presenters who reported ontheirvulnerabilityindifferentcountrycontextsmadethefollowingrecommendations:

• ImproveaccesstoHIVpreventionforsexworkersinAfrica• Buildcapacity• Improveservices• Liaisewithnationalstakeholdersandauthoritiesonhumanrightsissues• Improvelivingconditions• Providebettercarefacilitiesforthechildrenofsexworkers

Activistsandexpertsadvised thatgreatereffortmustbemade to reach thesewomenandgirls,becauseprostitutioncontinuestobeamajorfactorinspreadingthevirus.

DisabilityPeoplewithdisabilitiesoftenhavetofighttoovercomemarginalizationandexclusion.InSouthAfrica,therehasbeenaprogressiveimprovementintheinclusionofdisabilityinthenationalAIDSresponse,startingwithminimalinvolvementatthebeginningof1992bytheNationalAIDSCoordinatingCommitteeofSouthAfrica,tofullparticipationintheNational StrategicPlanonHIV/AIDSandSTI (NSP2007–2011).This involvement led tothemobilization of resources for disabled people and to the prioritization of disabledpeople in theAIDS response. Such efforts are largely non‐existent elsewhere in Africaduetothelackofgovernmentinterventionandpolicyframeworks.

SocialchangecommunicationAsessionheldonthefinaldayoftheconferencelookedatsocialchangecommunication.StakeholdersfromUNESCO,UNAIDS,theSocialChangeCommunicationWorkingGroup,and the Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication addressedvarious topics—such as violence against women and girls, stigmatization, thecriminalizationofsexworkers,genderinequality,andsexualorientation—asfactorsthatmake individuals more vulnerable to HIV infection. These challenges exist incommunities and they are often overlooked or not well supported in national andregionalresponsestoAIDS.Inanefforttoovercomethesechallenges,expertswhohavedesigned, implemented, and measured successful communication programs werebroughttogethertoaddressgender inequality,sexualviolence,HIV‐relatedstigmaanddiscrimination,aswellasotherviolationsofhumanrights inmultipleAfricancontexts.Presenters concluded that political, legal, and social barriers, rather than technicalissues,preventtheeffectivenessofHIV/AIDSprograms.

HIVpreventionstrategiesAt this session, leaders presented various programmatic approaches that focused onwaystocommunicateknowledgetoindividualsandwaystoapproachpolicies,laws,and


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socialnorms.AplatformwascreatedforHIVprogramdevelopers,communitybuilders,anddonors toaddresseffectiveHIVprogramming.BarbaradeZalduondo, chiefof theUNAIDSprogrammaticpriorities supportdivision, said theseprogramsshould focusonsocialfactorsthatplaceindividualsatdirectriskofcontractingHIV.Shenotedthattheseprogramsmaybetime‐consumingandshouldbeadjustedtofittheneedsofthetargetcommunity.Theseadjustmentscantakeplacethroughevaluation,theimprovementofcertain areas of AIDS strategies, operational plans, and budgets. Participants heardaboutexamplaryprograms thatcouldbeappliedoradaptedathome.KnowledgewasalsosharedonhowtoaccessexistingtoolsformeasuringHIVstigmaanddiscrimination,gender inequality, and theeffectsof concurrent sexualpartnerships, inorder toavoidduplicatingtheeffortinvolvedincreatingnewprograms.

HIV/AIDSadverselyaffectsyoungpeopleinallpartsofAfricaandisespeciallyprevalentamong individuals between the ages of 15 to 24 years. Through proper intervention,governments and NGOs can ensure that young people gain the necessary access toinformation,education,andservicestoreducetheriskofinfection.

ConclusionThe15thICASAconferencecanbedescribedasasuccessfuleventbecauseitcreatedaplatformforsexualminoritygroupstomaketheirvoicesheardwithregardtoHIV/AIDSpolicy and programming. The groups identified as minority and marginalized groupsincludedwomen and girls (especially those suffering gender‐based violence and otherformsof abuse), LGBT, commercial sexworkers, andprisoners. Theseminority groupsface many challenges, and smaller organizations catering to their needs often lacksufficient resources to implement programs. These organizations also experienceshortagesinareassuchascomputers,officeequipment,andmanpower(inmostcasesmembersarevolunteers),aswellasinmanagerialandorganizationalskills.

Theconferencehighlightedtheneedforactiveandsustainableengagementof leadersfromdifferentsectorsandtheneedtomobilizeleadershiptoreducetheimpactofHIVand AIDS in Africa. Participants outlined the importance of successful programmingapproachesthatfocusonprovidingaccurateknowledgetoindividualsandcommunities,aswellasprovidinginformationdealingwithpolicies,laws,andsocialnorms.

Major emphasiswas put on upgrading existing HIV prevention programs, givingmoreattention to minority groups, and involving youth in programming and intervention.These topics dominated the presentations. Long‐term financing for prevention andinterventionprogramswas identifiedas anotherpriority. Participants also stressed theneedformoreresearchintheareaofHIVandurgedthatspecialattentionbegiventowomen,girls,andsexualminorities.

The presentations and interviews with key informants made it evident that theinternational community has made real progress in mobilizing a response to theHIV/AIDSpandemic. This situation couldnothavebeenachievedwithout the financialassistanceandpolitical commitmentsof leaders andorganizations at thenational andinternational levels. However, these efforts are not sufficient in terms of size andsustainability. Therefore, implementing the necessary number of prevention andtreatmentprogramswillrequiresustainable,consistent,andpredictablefunding.


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These issues are just a few that havebeen highlighted as important forhumandevelopmentinAfrica,aswellasforaneffectiveandsustainableresponsetoAIDS.

Exhibitions by various pharmaceuticalcompanies and other organizations attheICASAconferenceenabledsharingofknowledge with conference attendeesabout the use of lubricants, andillustrations were provided on how tousemaleandfemalecondoms.

Inconclusion,itisimportanttoreiteratethat individuals and groups that havepreviously beenmarginalized should beconsidered and involved in addressingneeds, and that realistic views can becapturedonhowtoaddressweaknessesandshortfallsinthefightagainstHIV/AIDS.

ReflectionsandRecommendationsThe following recommendationsaredirected to the conferenceorganizersand,whereapplicable,toTrustAfrica:

• Successful engagement of the international community requires knowledge,preparation,andparticipation.GreateremphasisshouldbeplacedonprovidingaplatformformarginalizedgroupsinAfricasothattheresponsetotheHIV/AIDSdilemmashould,afterbeingsystematicallyidentifiedandnurtured,bepromotedacrosstherangeofAfricaninstitutionsengagedintheHIV/AIDSresponseandtoelevatethemtoengagetheinternationalcommunity.

• As the conference progressed, journalists expressed disappointment in thecancellationofseveral sessions, suchas“theMediaandHIVandAIDS,”due tothepoororganizationandmanagementof the conference. Thesecancellationshindered the media in positioning its role and involvement in the awarenessresponse to HIV/AIDS. Last‐minute presentation program changes also had anegative impact on the perception of themedia toward key delegates. In thefuture,organizationshouldbeimprovedandcancellationsavoidedatallcosts.

• Nopavilionswereorganized formarginalizedgroups likewomen,children,andthephysically challenged,wheremuchmore informationwasneededandbestpractices couldhavebeen shared.Thiswas in contrast to thehighlighted rolesthatyoungpeopleandwomenshouldplayinpreventingnewHIVinfectionsandmovingtowardthegoalofanAIDS‐freegeneration.Itisvitalthatpavilions,alongwith relevant and pertinent information, are provided for all groups attendingtheconference.

• Although there is a great need to advocate expertise among leaders andinstitutions, effective leadership should be broadened so that leaders can bevisible at all levels of society. To accomplish this, African leaders should beaggressive and persistent in their pursuit to involve global partners to provide

Adressmadefromcondoms.


24

concrete assistance and financial and technical support. In Africa specifically,thereisagreatneedtosetupacontinentalbodytofocussolelyontacklingtheHIV/AIDSpandemic.

• Specificandpurposefulstepsshouldbetakenurgently tomainstreamstrategicand operational HIV/AIDS response needs and to operationalize them in theactivitiesofsetprograms.

• HIV/AIDS programs are vital for advocacy, leadership, and empowerment. It isimportantforleaderstomaketheseprogramsaccessibletoordinarycitizens,sothat strategies can be developed, and to ensure that the framework can beexecutedatalllevelsofsociety.

• HIV‐awarenessprogramsoftenvaryfromcountrytocountry,withsomenationssupportiveofpoliciesandprogramsandothersindenialorlackingcommitmentandpoliticalwill. Synergymust be established across the continent to addressissuesrelatingtotheHIV/AIDSdilemma.

• AsocialmovementshouldbeestablishedtoaddressfactorsthatraisetheriskofHIV infection in Africa. By addressing human rights violations, harmful socialnorms, and weak community and leadership capacities, this movement couldhelplessenthevulnerabilityofyoungwomenandgirlstoHIVinSouthernAfrica.

• HIV/AIDS mostly affects young people between the ages 15 and 24, sogovernments and NGOs should ensure that young adults gain free access toinformationandeducationaboutHIV.

• Limitedaccesstocondomsinsomecountriesplacesindividualsatrisk.Therefore,condoms should be more accessible—even though some people believe thatplacing condoms in toilets at workplaces, schools, and institutions of higherlearningpromotespromiscuity.

• InformationaboutHIV/AIDSneedstobemadeavailabletoinstructorsatsexualinitiationcampsinordertopromotesafersexualpracticesandtoreducetheriskof contracting HIV/STD‐related diseases. Instructors should be told thatwheneversexisdiscussed,condomusage,protection,andsafersexualpracticesshouldbediscussedaswell.

• OrganizationsmustworktogethertodelivereffectiveandefficientresultsinHIVprevention,especiallyinlightoflimitedresources.

• TrustAfricaanditspartnerscouldworkwithcountriestobuildonHIVpreventionresultsandtoencouragetheimplementationofcombinationHIVpreventionasapriority approach amongminority groups. This could be achieved by selectingeffective behavioral, biomedical, and structural HIV prevention actions andstrategiessuitedtothepandemicandtheneedsofthoseindividualsandgroupsatgreatestrisk.

• MostHIV/AIDSprogramsinAfricafocusonheterosexualsandexcludeLGBTduetostigmaanddiscrimination.WiderrecognitionofLGBTasariskgroupisneeded,andcapacitybuildingandaccesstoservicesshouldbeincludedinprograms.

• Researchers indicated that vulnerable groups such as MSM, sex workers, and(injection) drug users are not being reached because their behavior iscriminalized.Governmentsneedtodecriminalizesame‐sexconduct.

• TrustAfrica could encourage leaders of national HIV/AIDS programs tocontinuously address the factors that put young women and girls at risk, andsimultaneouslyincreaseHIVpreventionawarenessforothermost‐at‐riskgroups,suchassexworkersandLGBTpopulations.


25

• Transactionalsexisrisky,butwithoutotherviableincome‐generatingoptionsformenandwomen,manywillcontinuetoserveassexworkers.Organizationsmustimprove access to HIV prevention for sex workers in Africa, build capacity,improveservices,improvelivingconditions,andprovidebettercarefacilitiesfortheirchildren.

• ExpertsandactivistshaveconcludedthatprostitutioncontributestothespreadofHIVand theywarn thatmoreeffortneeds tobemade to reach thewomenandgirlsespeciallyatrisk.

• Community members should be included in HIV program discussions becausetheyknowtheneedsoftheircommunitiesandwhatishappeninginthem.Mostoftheproblemsarelocalizedatthecommunityleveland,therefore,effortsmustalsobecenteredatthislevel.

• The need for more grassroots involvement was identified to ensure thattechnological interventionsgetoff theground.TrustAfricacouldbuild linkages,investing in individuals to take lead of various programs and ensuring thatknowledgeguidesthecommunity.

• In Southern Africa, the education sector lacks systematic mechanisms forsharing information about HIV. Elsewhere on the continent, networkingwith education departments and AIDS authorities has delivered successfulmechanisms for sharing knowledge. Southern African nations could learnfromothercountriesanddeveloparegionalnetworktosupportknowledgesharingandcombinedactionbyeducationdepartments.

• African leaders and institutions need to attend relevant international andnational conferences to be part of the decision‐making processes, but requirefundingfrominternationalcommunitiestomakethisparticipationpossible.

• African leaders and institutions must be skilled and trained in advocacy andlobbying.African leaders should learn fromother,moreexperienced leaders inthearea,andleadersshouldcreateaforumforcapacitybuildingandnetworkingamongdifferentcountries.

• LeadersinAfricaareknowntobeoutspokenandopinionated,andcanthereforeeither speakonbehalfof individualswithsilentvoicesorcreateaplatformfortheseindividualstobeheard.

• Womenwillremainvulnerableduetolackofincome,inadequatehealthfacilities,socialproblems,andthefactthattheyaremoresusceptibletoHIV.Toovercometheseproblems,Africaneedsstrongculturalandpolitical leadership,aswellasmajor behavioral and societal changes in sexual and gender norms. In certainparts of Africa, positive results have been seen in the area of HIV and thesesuccessfulcountriescouldbeusedasexamples.IfeffectiveandrobustinformedleadershipexistsinAfrica,thenthesechangesarepossible.

• The media has enormous influence in shaping the lives and personalrelationships of young individuals. Themedia should be compelled to partnerwithHIVpreventionprogramstopromotesafesexualpracticesandsexualrights.

In addition to the above recommendations, TrustAfrica could also provide variousprojectsandprogramswithassistance,toenablethemto:

• EnhanceaccesstosexualhealthcareforsexualminoritieswithaspecialfocusonHIVandotherSTIs,emphasizingpreventionandtreatmentservices;

• Provide better health services that could reducewomen’s vulnerability to HIVand other STIs, for example through male and female condom programs,


26

preventionandcontrolofSTIs,outreachtothemostvulnerablepopulations,andintegrationofHIVpreventionwithinsexualreproductivehealthservices;

• Advocate the fundamental human rightsof sexualminorities andprovide legalsupportforthosewhoserightshavebeenviolated;

• ReducestigmaanddiscriminationagainsttheLGBTcommunity;• Advocate against stigma attached to individuals at national and international

levels;• IncreasethevocationalandcapacitybuildingskillsofsexualminoritiesinAfrica;• Empower individuals at management level by introducing them to other

organizations doing similar work, facilitating exchange programs betweengroups,andexposingthemtoworkshopsandconferences;

• Build staff capacities in organizations and train staffmembers in various rolesandresponsibilities;

• Help minority individuals and groups to identify potential donors who couldsupporttheirwork;

• Assist minority groups to exhibit their crafts at conferences and to sell theirmusicatconferencesthroughtheperformingarts;

• Support small publishers of HIV/AIDS magazines and related issues such asminoritysexualpractices(womenandgirl,prisoners,sexworkers,students,gaymen under pressure to marry, multiple and concurrent sexual relationships,psychological issues of sexual behavior regarding male circumcision, gender,sexuality and culture, etc.) so that they can publish the magazines in English,French,andPortuguesetoallowtheirdistributionthroughoutAfrica;

• Assistorganizationstoproducenewslettersanddeveloptheirwebsites;and• Assist organizations to produce videos on specific themes to sensitize

stakeholderstotheissuesandhelppopularizetheorganizations.

BibliographyAdditionalinformationwasobtainedfromthefollowingsourcestoenhancethisreport:

• IGLHRCwebsite:www.iglhrc.org• Prometrawebsite:www.prometra.org• SoulCitywebsite:www.soulcity.org• TrustAfricaSurveyreport• TrustAfricawebsite:www.trustafrica.org• UNAIDSwebsite:www.unaids.org• Interviewswithconferenceparticipants

27

2.ListofConferencesfor2009–2010(Theinformationusedhereisdrawnfromconferencehosts’sites)

Date Name/Location DescriptionMarch31–April3,2009

4thSouthAfricanAIDSConference

Durban,SouthAfrica

Thethemethisyear,‘ScalingupforSuccess,’recognizestheurgencyoftakingstockof best practices in treatment and prevention and scaling these up sufficiently tolessenthenumbersand impactoftheepidemic inSouthernAfrica.Weknowwhatneeds to be done. We have a National Strategic Plan that is all at oncecomprehensive, challenging and ambitious. We need to examine the evidence ofhow these goals can be achieved critically, assess feasibility and then remove allobstacles and barriers to implement as widely and as efficiently as possible. Weneedto identify thegaps intheevidenceandsystematicallysetouttomeetthoseknowledge gaps. More than ever before we need to come together as a region,declarewarontheepidemicandbegintoseetheratesinSouthernAfricadecline.

March30–31,2009 McGuireGlobalRecruitment(MGR):HIV/AIDSandSexuallyTransmittedDiseasesConference

Washington,DC,UnitedStates

Thecompany'smissionistohelpprovideasolutionforspecificglobalhealthissuesby hosting educational conferences for attendees and decision makers who canmakeadifference for the cause. Please join in the fight againstdomestic violenceandHIV/AIDS and let your voice be heard. Togetherwe canmake a difference inother people's lives. This conference includes education and global professionalspeakers,healthscreenings,andexhibits.

April2–5,2009 XVCali'sConferenceonHIV/AIDS&InfectiousDiseases,2009SantiagodeCali,Colombia

Events:XIVInternationalCourseonInfectiousDiseases;XVComprehensiveMeetingonAIDS;1st InternationalSymposiumon“Exercise/Nutrition&HIV/AIDS”; IIForumonMandatoryNotificationInfectiousDiseasesinColombiaHIV&STIs:Whichoneisthe Main Epidemiological Problem, HIV super pass to other STIs?; CurrentChallenges:ReflectionsforNewProposals.Thisconferenceaimstoincrease,updateand improve the dissemination of knowledge onHIV/AIDS and infections diseasesfor the target populations: professionals, professors, researchers and studentsworkinginHIV/AIDS&infectiousdiseases.

April28–30,2009 5thEuropeanConferenceonClinicalandSocialResearchonAIDSandDrugsVilnius,Lithuania

ThisconferenceservestostrengthenEuropeannetworkingonHIV/AIDSandrelatedissuesandthescientificprogramwillofferallparticipantsinnovativeandstimulatingtopicswithwell‐balancedlecturesandsymposiaonrecentdevelopmentsinthefieldof HIVmedicine on themethods and results of social and behavioral research onAIDSandrelatedissues.Asmanyopportunitiesaspossiblewillbegivenfororalandposter presentations. Every delegate is welcome to create a platform where allissuesconcerningclinical,socialresearchonAIDSandDrugsandrelatedissuesmaybeaddressed.

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April2009 FORO2009Lima,Peru

FORObrings togethergovernmentandcivil society leaders,people livingwithHIV,representativesofthemost‐at‐riskpopulationsandresearchersofLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,aswellasinternationalagencies.Theeventisallaboutstrengtheningthe national and regional response to theHIV epidemics in the region through anexchange of experiences and discussion of the challenges and opportunities incommunityandpublichealthapproaches.

June10–14,2009 2009HIV/AIDSImplementersMeeting’Windhoek,Namibia

The HIV/AIDS Implementers’ Meeting gathers together program implementers tosharebestpracticesand lessons learned in theglobalAIDS response. It is theonlymeetingof itskindfocusedspecificallyonprogramimplementation.Theobjectivesofthe2009HIV/AIDSImplementers’Meetingaretowidelydisseminate,inrealtime,bestpracticesand lessons learnedduringthe implementationofmulti‐sectoralHIVprogramswithafocusonoptimizingthe impactofprevention,careandtreatmentprograms; promote coordination among partners and encouraging innovativeresponses;anddirectly impactprogramimplementation intheupcomingyearwiththegoalofbuildingasustainableresponse.(www.hivimplementers.org)

June24–27,2009 SÖDAK2009–1stGerman‐Austrian‐SwissAIDS‐CongressSt.Gallen,Switzerland

SÖDAK’s overall motto is “Prepare for the long run.” Due to the extraordinaryachievements in basic science and the development of modern treatments, thepreviously lethal immune deficiency syndromehas changed into a chronic diseasewithgoodlifeexpectancyandhighqualityoflife.Neverthelesslong‐termeffectsoftreatmentsmustbeinvestigatedaswellasmanyconsequencesassociatedwiththechronic condition of the HIV disease, including changes in the psychosocialenvironment of affected individuals as well as new challenges for prevention.Therefore SÖDAK emphasizes interdisciplinary aspects involving basic and clinicalscience,psychosocialaspects,preventionandepidemiologyjusttonameafew

June28–July1,2009 18thISSTDR2009(InternationalSocietyforSexuallyTransmittedDiseasesResearch)

London,England

Purpose:Toprovidea forumfor thepresentationofhighquality,original scientificresearchandclinicalpractice insexuallytransmittedinfectionsandtopromotetheexchangeofclinical,practicalandscientificinformationandideas.

July19–22,2009 5thIASConferenceonHIVPathogenesis,TreatmentandPreventionCapeTown,SouthAfrica

Theworld’s largestopenscientific conferenceonHIV/AIDS, the5th IASConferenceon HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention (IAS 2009), will be held in CapeTown, South Africa, in July 2009. The event will be organized by the IAS, inpartnershipwithSouthAfrican‐basedNGO,DiraSengwe,organizerof theseriesofSouthAfricanAIDSConferences.Heldeverytwoyears,theconferenceattractsabout5,000delegates fromall over theworld. It is auniqueopportunity for theworld’sleading scientists, clinicians, public health experts and community leaders to

29

examine the latest developments in HIV‐related research, and to explore howscientific advances can—in very practical ways—inform the global response toHIV/AIDS.(www.ias2009.org)

August9–12,2009 9thInternationalCongressonAIDSinAsiaandthePacific(ICAAP)–"EmpoweringPeople,StrengtheningNetworks"Bali,Indonesia

Forover15years,theAIDSSocietyofAsiaandthePacifichasbeencustodianofthebiennial International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (ICAAP) and hasplayedakeyrole inbuildingcommitmentandnetworks inthestruggleagainstHIVandAIDSacrosstheregion.The9thICAAPwillagainstrengthenthisapproach.Itwillbe the first Congress inwhich synergy is created from previous ICAAPs aswell asadopting new approaches to conferencing. The theme of the 9th ICAAP,“EmpoweringPeople;StrengtheningNetworks,”underscores this intent forchangeandhighlightsthe importanceof inclusivenessandparticipativeengagement intheAsiaPacific region’s response toHIVandAIDS. The localorganizing committee setthe mood for the 9th ICAAP by adopting broad consultative processes amongnetworksacrossIndonesia.(www.icaap.org)

September9–12,2009

TheAustralasianHIV/AIDSConference2009(21stAnnualConferencefortheAustralasianSocietyforHIVMedicine)Brisbane,Queensland,Australia

The Australasian HIV/AIDS Conference 2009 was previously called the ASHMConference. This new name reflects how the conference is now a strong nationalandregionalmeetingandthecontentofthemeeting.TheASHMConferencebringstogether the range of disciplines involved in HIV management including basicscience, clinical medicine, community programs, education, epidemiology, nursingandalliedhealth,policy,prevention,primarycare,publichealthandsocialresearch.The conference will include sessions on HIV and co‐infection with sexual health,hepatitisandotherrelateddiseases.

October28–30,2009

The3rdEasternEuropeandCentralAsiaAIDSConference(EECAAC)2009Moscow,Russia

EECAACistheleadingregionalforumonpublichealthandHIV/AIDS.Theconferencehas traditionally been held in Moscow, under the leadership of the RussianGovernment, and with support from UNAIDS, the Global Fund to Fight AIDSTuberculosis and Malaria and the International AIDS Society as international co‐chairsoftheconferenceorganizingcommittee.Thepurposeofthe2009conferenceistostrengthenregionalcooperation,andjoineffortstofightHIV/AIDSandachievethe goal of universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care. The EECAAC2009 conference recognizes that universal access includes not only the essentialbiomedical interventions, but also social justice and human rights considerationsthatarenecessarytoovercomestigmaanddiscriminationandreachthemost‐at‐risktarget groups including young people and people who use drugs. The proposedoverall theme for the conference is: “Regional cooperation. Join the Efforts forUniversalAccess”.(www.eecaac.org)

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November9–14,2009 VICentralAmericaCongressonSexuallyTransmittedInfections(CONCASIDA)HIV/AIDS:“YouthandHIV:Myrighttoknowandtodecide”SanJose,CostaRica

The Central American Congress on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections(CONCASIDA) takes place every two years in a Central American country.CONCASIDA is amulti‐sector eventwhich aims at sharing experiences, state‐of‐artscientific information and research. During the congress different stakeholderspresenttheresultof theirworkandsearchalternatives formoreeffectivewaystorespond to theHIV/AIDSepidemic. The theme forCONCASIDA2009 is “YouthandHIV:Myrighttoknowandtodecide”.(www.consasida2009.org)

November11–14,2009

12thEuropeanAIDSConference(EACS)Cologne,Germany

The Twelfth European AIDS Conference will offer an exciting scientific program,composedofawell‐balancedmixoftimelyplenarylecturesandsymposia,aswellasabstract‐driven sessions presenting recent original research in the field of HIVmedicine.An importantgoalof theconference is topromotean interest inclinicalHIVresearchamongstyoungresearchers/clinicians,includingthosefromCentralandEastern Europe, at an early stage in their career. Junior researchers are thereforeparticularlyencouragedtosubmitresultsfromtheirscientificworkandalsouseitasavenuefornetworking.

July18–23,2010 XVIIIInternationalAidsConference:HIV/AIDSin2010Vienna,Austria

Vienna, Austria, has been chosen to host the XVIII International AIDS Conference(AIDS2010),thelargestinternationalmeetingonHIV,whereeverytwoyears25,000participants representing all stakeholders in the global response to HIV meet toassess progress and identify future priorities. AIDS 2010 is organized by theInternationalAIDSSociety(IAS), inpartnershipwithgovernment,scientificandcivilsociety partners in Austria and international partners from civil society and theUnited Nations. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, the IAS is the world’s leadingindependentassociationofHIVprofessionals.“TheInternationalAIDSSocietyanditspartnersareextremelypleasedtopartnerwiththeCityofVienna,theGovernmentof Austria and local scientific and community leaders, who have a long history ofleadership onHIV issues,” said IAS President‐elect,Dr. JulioMontaner,Director oftheBCCentreforExcellenceinHIV/AIDSandInternationalConferenceChairforAIDS2010. “Because the 2010 conference will coincide with the deadline that worldleaderssetforthegoalofprovidinguniversalaccesstoHIVprevention,treatment,careandsupport,alleyesoftheworldwillbeuponVienna.”

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3.ListofIndividualsWhoCouldBeSupportedbyTrustAfrica

Nr Name Organization

1 CyriaqueAko MSMandAIDSactivistfromIvoryCoast

2 JosephSewedoAkoro SexualHealthUnit,TheIndependentProjectforEqualRights(TIP)

3 DjamaAmadou PresidentofRops+,anetworkoforganizationsworkingwithpeoplelivingwithAIDSfromNiger

4 SalimataBocoum AWOMI,Senegal

5 IpadeolaDamola SexualHealthUnit,TheIndependentProjectforEqualRights(TIP)

6 FabuluosDuo Lesbians,Gays,BisexualsofBotswana(LeGaBiBo)

7 FrehywotEshetu CareInternationalinEthiopia,HIVandAIDSamongwomenofchildbearingage,orphans.

8 ErickGbodossou Prometra,Senegal

9 CharlesGueboguo MSMactivist,Cameroon

10 PaulMendy BusinessCoalitionAgainstHIV/AIDSofTheGambia

11 ReginaMolokomme FounderofBasadiEmang,anorganizationthatprovidesinformationaboutHIVtocommunitiesandworkswithsexworkersinthearea

12 DudzaiMurey HIV/AIDSactivistforvulnerablewomen,Zimbabwe

13 JoelGustaveNana ProgramAssociate,SouthernandWestAfrica,InternationalGayandLesbianHumanRightsCommission(IGLHRC)

14 LaziaNaomie AssociationJeunesInfectesetOrphelinsDuVIV/SIDA

15 MwansaNjelesani AdvocateforyoungpeoplefromWorldAIDSCampaign

16 FatimaNoordien Muslimsandstigma

17 IrenePatrick NigeriaNetworkofSexWorkProjects

18 SuzzieSeemela BanaBaRonaOrphanage,Rustenburg,SouthAfrica

19 Dr.YahayaSekagya PresidentofPrometrainUganda,holdsaqualificationasdentalsurgeonandisanexpertintraditionalAfricanmedicine

20 BoubacarSeydi AfriqueActionSIDA(AFAC‐SIDA)

21 NoeSibisaba FounderofSTOPSIDA(StopAIDS)tohelpimproveAIDScareforhisfellowcitizens,Burundi

22 KelvinSikwebele AfricaComprehensiveHIV/AIDSPartnershipinBotswana

23 MiriamSoumaré

Foundingmemberandprogramcoordinator,AssociationforWomenatRiskfromAIDS(AWA);reachesouttosexworkersinDakar,Senegal

24 JosephTchikaya WorkswithyoungpeopleandHIVpreventioninBrazzaville,Congo

25 FikelVilakazi Director,CoalitionofAfricaLesbians

26 EliezerWangulu SupportsNASHETU&NACAP,twoNGOsinKenya

27 NanaWarina CoordinatorVoicesofRoses,KenyaFordetailssee‐DATABASEICASA

32

Appendices

1.ParticipantsattheTrustAfricaSession

No Name Organization Emailaddress

1 JoshuaJashoBomu Prometra–Kenya/Scope#203–80801Kilifi,Kenya

[email protected]@scopekenya.org+25441522419+254721840989

2 MarthaN.Njama Prometra–KenyaP.O.Box50797‐00200Nairobi,Kenya

[email protected]@yahoo.com+254721549006

3 ImadeMastresna BaliIndonesiaJagaragaStreet4DsCelukSukawatiGianyar

taksu‐[email protected]

4 IketutSutama BaliIndonesiaJagaragaStreet4DsCelukSukawatiGianyar

–

5 AmedegratoM.Degrou Prometra–Togo [email protected]

6 LakassaEssossiminem Prometra–Togo [email protected]

7 NwokekeChinyereCeline NigeriaNationalMedicalDevelopmentAgency

[email protected]

8 SallahLongshalEmmanuel Prometra–Nigeria [email protected]

9 NataliaKanem ElmaPhilanthropies [email protected]

10 VirginiaFloyd PrometraUSA,MorehouseSchoolofMedicine

virginiafloyd@prometra‐usa.org

11 T.F.Okujagu NigeriaNaturalMedicineDevelopmentAgency(NNMDA)

[email protected]

12 CharlsKaty Prometra–International [email protected]

13 KooljouAgugaelodo Prometra–International [email protected]

14 KatoBernad Prometra–Uganda [email protected]@softhome.net

15 SekagyaYahaya Prometra–Uganda [email protected]

16 BeleGhohouFerdinand Prometra–Mali [email protected]

17 PichotMarieClaude AmbassadressPrometraInternational

[email protected]

18 DufourClaire Prometra–France [email protected]

19 JailletDenis Prometra–France –

20 DiopElhadjiMelick SenegalEssembleeNutimele [email protected]

21 Dr.I.Conlisaly Prometra–Mplo [email protected]

22 FaiFominyenNguEdward Prometra–Cameroon [email protected]

23 N.Z.BouryNiang Prometra–Senegal [email protected]

24 Dr.NdangaOctavie RCA(CAR) [email protected]

25 TchikayaJoseph Congo/CNLS [email protected]

33

26 AishaCamaraDrammeh UNFPA,Swaziland [email protected]

27 BounacarSeydi Senegal [email protected]

28 OupaMothilene AIDSConsortiumSA [email protected]

29 BahSekou CHU,PointG [email protected]

30 OrisettTorlodei Prometra–International [email protected]

31 BiraneFaye Communications,PrometraInternational

[email protected]

32 MossanaKensese Prometra–SouthAfrica [email protected]@yahoo.com

33 RoseOben PectenCameroonCompany [email protected]

34 RayhanaRassool SoulCity [email protected]

35 MildredBarya TrustAfrica [email protected]

36 JeanneElone TrustAfrica [email protected]

37 BhekiMoyo TrustAfrica [email protected]

38 ArlynnRevell TrustAfricaConsultant [email protected]

34

2.AIDSExpertsandLeadersIdentifiedatICASA

Nr Name Organization

1 ZachieAchmat Gayactivist,SouthAfrica

2 SylviaAdebajo ResearcheronMSMandHIVinfectioninAfrica,UniversityofLagos,Nigeria

3 OlayideAkanni JournalistsAgainstAIDS(JAAIDS),Nigeria

4 CyriaqueAko MSMandAIDSactivist,IvoryCoast

5 Dr.AlanAkonde Medicalcoordinator,SolthisMali

6 DjamaAmadou PresidentofRops+,anetworkoforganizationsworkingwithpeoplelivingwithAIDSinNiger

7 GodwinAsuquo UNFPA,Nigeria

8 Dr.MartinBloem UNWorldFoodProgram

9 RenéBonnel AIDSanddevelopment,WorldBank

10 Mr.GuyDeBrown ResearcheratPerinatalHIVResearchUnit,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica

11 Dr.PeterBujari ExecutiveDirector,HumanDevelopmentTrust,Tanzania

12 Mr.DonaldBundy EducationexpertatWorldBank

13 Mr.EarlRyanBurrell ResearcheratDesmondTutuHIVFoundationinCapeTown

14 Dr.PedroCahn President,InternationalAIDSSociety(IAS)

15 JusticeEdwinCameron SouthAfricanSupremeCourtofAppeals

16 MatthewChersich Researcherandlecturer,ReproductiveHealthandHIVResearchUnit,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica

17 Mr.JoaquimA.Chissano

FormerpresidentoftheRepublicofMozambique,2007recipientoftheMoIbrahimPrize,ChairpersonoftheAfricanForum

18 Dr.NicolasChitimbe NationalAIDSCommission,Malawi

19 JeanChristopheDebert UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP)

20 Prof.PatriceDebre Vice‐PresidentofSolthis

21 Jean‐PierreOliverdeSardan

ResearcheratLaboratoryforStudyandResearchonSocialDynamicsandLocalDevelopment(LASDEL)

22 ShantanyanaDevarajan WorldBank,UnitedStates

23 BarbaradeZalduondo Chief,DivisionofProgrammaticPrioritiesSupport,UNAIDS

24 Dr.SanataDiallo Medicalcoordinator,SolthisNiger

25 KimDickson WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)

26 Mr.GalloDiop FormerprisonerandAIDSadvocatefromSenegal

27 Mr.BorisDittrich AdvocacydirectorforHumanRightsWatch'sLesbian,Gay,BisexualandTransgenderProgram

28 JohnDouglas CentersforDiseaseControl(CDC),UnitedStates

29 ElishaDunn‐Georgiou PopulationActionInternational(PAI)

30 ReneEkpini UNICEF,NewYork

31 PaulaEttelbrick ExecutiveDirector,InternationalGayandLesbianHumanRightsCommission(IGLHRC)

32 Dr.OliverEzechi NigerianInstituteofMedicalResearch(NIMR),researchteamonMSM

35

33 FirstLadyofCameroon–ChantalBiya

OrganizationofAfricanFirstLadiesAgainstAIDS(OAFLA)

34 FirstLadyBurkinaFaso–ChantalCompaore


35 FirstLadyofFrance–CarlaBruniSarkozy


36 FirstLadyofEthiopia–AzebMesfin


37 FirstLadyofMali–ToureLobboTraore


38 FirstLadyofRwandaJeannetteKagame

OrganizationofAfricanFirstLadiesAgainstAIDS(OAFLA);presidentofImbutoFoundation

39 FirstLadyofSenegalVivianeWade


40 JeanneGapiya PresidentofBurundi’sNationalAssociationforPeopleLivingwithHIV

41 ErickGbodossou Prometra,Senegal

42 PeterGhys Head,EpidemiologyandAnalysisDivision,UNAIDS,Geneva,Switzerland

43 Dr.AliceGougounon Spokeswoman,Racine

44 CharlesGueboguo MSMactivist,Cameroon

45 CatherineHankins JointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS),AssociateDirector,StrategicInformationandChiefScientificAdvisor,Geneva,Switzerland

46 HakimaHimmich UniversitédeCasablanca,Morocco

47 JohnIdoko UniversityofJos,Nigeria

48 Mr.LarsKallings UNSpecialEnvoyforEasternEuropeandCentralAsia

49 PastorMarkKambalazaza

MalawiRegionandHIVexpert

50 Mr.SamKapambwe CommunicationsOfficerwiththeZambiaNationalAIDSNetwork(ZNAN)

51 SusanKasedde JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS),RegionalTeam,EastandSouthernAfrica,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica

52 Dr.EllyKatabira Ugandanresearcheronmalecircumcision

53 MillyKatana AllianceUganda

54 Prof.ChristineKatlama PresidentofSolthis

55 Dr.KennethKaunda FirstPresidentoftheRepublicofZambia

56 Prof.MichelKazatchkine ExecutiveDirector,GlobalFund

57 MsLyiaKebede WHOGoodwillAmbassadorandinternationalsupermodel

58 SophieKisting Director,InternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)ProgramonHIV/AIDS

59 Mr.JimmyKolker HIV/AIDSChief,UnitedNationsChildren’sEducationFund(UNICEF)

60 KarineLacombe HospitalSaintAntoine,Paris,France

61 JoepLange AcademicMedicalHospitalAmsterdam,TheNetherlands

62 SuzannaLeclerc‐Madlala HumanScienceResearchCouncil,SouthAfrica

63 NkanduLou UniversityofLusaka,Zambia

64 Dr.SamuelVusiMagagula

ChairpersonofmalecircumcisiontaskforceinSwaziland

36

65 Dr.BunmiMakinwa DirectorofAfricanDivision,UnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNPFA)

66 PurnimaMane DeputyExecutiveDirector,UnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNPFA)

67 Prof.SouleymaneM’Boup

PresidentofICASA2008

68 Dr.JoseLuisSebastianMesones

NationalCoordinatoroftheHIV/AIDSPrograminPeru

69 Mr.BenjaminW.Mkapa FormerpresidentofUnitedRepublicofTanzania

70 Mr.FestusMogae FormerpresidentofRepublicofBotswana,2007recipientofMoIbrahimPrizeforAchievementinAfricanLeadership,ChairpersonofChampionsforanHIV‐FreeGeneration

71 Dr.JulioMontaner

DirectoroftheBCCentreforExcellenceinHIV/AIDSandInternationalConferenceChairforAIDS2010

72 Mr.MpolaiMaseilaMonteetee

MinistryofHealthandSocialWelfare,Lesotho

73 NjiraMtonga SouthAfricaHIV/AIDSInformationDisseminationOrganization,Zambia

74 PastorDanielMugayo SouthAfrica–RegionandHIVExpert

75 CheikhiTidianeNdour UniversitéCheikhAntaDiopdeDakar,Senegal

76 Dr.RuthNduati

ProfessorofmedicineinNairobi(emphasizedtheextentthatHIVaffectschildreninparticular)

77 MwamsaNgelesani WorldAIDSCampaign

78 MwansaNjelesani AdvocateforyoungpeoplefromWorldAIDSCampaign

79 FelixNtungumburanye ViceChair,BurundiCountryCoordinatingMechanism

80 ChiomaNwachukwu FriendsAfrica

81 JeffreyO’Malley DirectorofHIV/AIDSgroupatUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram

82 IrenePatrick NetworkofSexWorkProjects,Nigeria

83 Dr.PeterPiot HeadoftheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)

84 Dr.LouisPizarro ExecutiveDirectorofSolthis

85 PrincessLallaSalmaofMorocco(spouseofKingMohammedVI)

CommittedtothefightagainstAIDS

86 PrincessMathildeBaudouinofBelgium

UNAIDSandUNICEFSpecialRepresentative

87 Dr.HelenRees Researcherandlecturer,ReproductiveHealthandHIVResearchUnit,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica

88 AlasdairReid HIV/AIDSAdviser,JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)

89 MamadouSawadogo Director,NetworkofHIVPositive,BurkinaFaso

90 KristanSchoultz Director,CoalitiononWomenandAIDS

91 Dr.YahayaSekagya PresidentofPROMETRAUganda;holdsaqualificationasdentalsurgeonandisanexpertintraditionalAfricanmedicine

92 EvelynSerima HIV/AIDSTechnicalSpecialist,sub‐regionalofficeforSouthernAfrica,InternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)

93 NoeSibisaba FounderofSTOPSIDA(StopAIDS)tohelpimproveAIDScareforfellowcitizensinBurundi

37

94 MichelSidibe DeputyExecutiveDirector,JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)

95 KelvinSikwebele AfricaComprehensiveHIV/AIDSPartnershipinBotswana

96 StephanieSimonpietri FrenchorganizationAIDES

97 MiriamSoumaré

Foundingmemberandprogramcoordinator,AssociationforWomenatRiskfromAIDS(AWA);reachesouttosexworkersinDakar,Senegal

98 AbdoulayeSow Youtheducator,AgencepourleDevelopmentdeMarketingSocial(ADEMAS),Senegal

99 Prof.PapaSalifSow Co‐presidentofScientificProgramCommitteeof15thICASAconference

100 LucyStackpool‐Moore InternationalPlannedParenthoodFederation,London

101 MarkStirling JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS),RegionalTeam,EastandSouthernAfrica,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica

102 ElHadjiAmadouSy BoardChair,OpenSocietyInitiativeforWestAfrica(OSIWA);DirectorofPartnershipsandExternalRelationships,UNAIDS

103 StephanieTchiombiano HeadofMission,SolthisNiger

104 SusanTimberlake JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS),SeniorLawandHumanRightsAdvisor,Geneva,Switzerland

105 BrainTkachuk UnitedNationOfficeonDrugsandCrime,AfricaRegionalAdvisorforHIVandAIDSinPrisons

106 DesmondTutu ArchbishopEmeritusandNobelPrizeLaureate(SouthAfrica)

107 MsFikelVilakazi Director,CoalitionofAfricaLesbians

108 Prof.MiriamWere Chairperson,KenyaNationalAIDSCommission

109 Prof.AlanWhiteside Director,HealthEconomicsandHIV/AIDSResearchDivision(HEARD),UniversityofKwaZulu‐Natal

110 EkaWilliams ExpertonHIVpreventioninsexworksettingsinAfrica,FordFoundation,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica

111 DebreworkZewdie WorldBank,GlobalHIV/AIDSProgram

Source:NamesofIndividualscompiledfromICASApresentations,newspaperarticlesandinterviews

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3.AIDSOrganizations:InternationalAIDSOrganizationsandResourcesNr Name Description

1 AmnestyInternational(AI)

Worldwidemovementofpeoplewhocampaignforinternationallyrecognizedhumanrights

2 AVERTAIDSEducationandResearchTrust

InternationalHIV/AIDScharitybasedintheUK,withthegoalofavertingorpreventingHIVworldwide

3 ElizabethGlaserPediatricAIDSFoundationandtheAfricanNetworkfortheCareofChildren

InformationonHIV/AIDSandresearchwithspecialfocusonchildren

4 GlobalAIDSProgram

AprojectfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlthathelpspreventHIVinfection,improvecareandsupportandbuildcapacitytoaddresstheglobalHIV/AIDSpandemic

5 GlobalHealthCouncil InformationonHIV/AIDSandresearch

6 HealthlinkWorldwide Workstoimprovethehealthandwell‐beingofdisadvantagedandvulnerablecommunitiesindevelopingcountries,byworkinginpartnershiptostrengthenthelocalprovision,useandimpactofhealthcommunicationandtosupportadvocacyinitiativestoincreaseparticipationandinclusion

7 JohnsHopkins,BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth,CenterforCommunicationPrograms(CCP)

Worksinthefieldofstrategic,research‐basedcommunicationforbehaviorchangeandhealthpromotiontohelptransformthetheoryandpracticeofpublichealthworldwide.

8 PanosInstitute Providesinformationonglobalissueswithadevelopingcountryperspective.

9 UNAIDS(JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS)

BringstogethertheeffortsandresourcesoftenUNorganizationstocoordinatetheglobalresponsetoAIDS.CosponsorsincludeUNHCR,UNICEF,WFP,UNDP,UNFPA,UNODC,ILO,UNESCO,WHOandWorldBank.BasedinGeneva,theUNAIDSsecretariatworksonthegroundinmorethan75countriesworldwide

10 UnitedNations

InformationabouttheUnitedNationsandHIV/AIDS

11 WorldBank

ArticlesandInformationabouttheWorldBankandHIV/AIDS

12 WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)

WHOisthedirectingandcoordinatingauthorityforhealthwithintheUNsystem.Itisresponsibleforprovidingleadershiponglobalhealthmatters,shapingthehealthresearchagenda,settingnormsandstandards,articulatingevidence‐basedpolicyoptions,providingtechnicalsupporttocountriesandmonitoringandassessinghealthtrends.

39

AfricanAIDSOrganizations

Nr Name Description

1 AfricanCommissiononHumanandPeople'sRights(ACHPR)

ThisisahumanrightscommissionthatwasestablishedbytheAfricanUnionintermsoftheAfricanCharteronHumanandPeople'sRightstoensureprotectionandpromotionofhumanandpeople'srightsinAfrica.

2 HOPEWorldwide Internationalnonprofit,faith‐basedorganization.Since1991,HOPEWorldwideAfricahassupportedcommunity‐basedHIV/AIDScare,supportandpreventionefforts.Theneedsoforphanedandvulnerablechildren(OVC)aretremendous.Tomitigatethesituation,HOPEWorldwidehasdevelopedamodelformobilizingcommunitiestodevelopcopingmechanismsandsafetynetsinordertoimprovethewell‐beingandprotectionofOVC.

3 SoulBeatAfrica

SoulBeatAfricaaimstobeaspaceforcommunicatorsacrossAfricatosharecommunicationfordevelopmentknowledge,experiences,materials,strategicthinkingandevents,andtoengageindiscussionanddebate.Thissiteismeantforpractitioners,mediamakers,academics,researchers,andotherswhoareusingorareinterestedincommunicationforsocialchangeinAfrica.ThesitefocusesspecificallyonAfrica,providinganopportunityfortheuniqueexperiencesandissuesofthecontinenttobesharedanddebated,whilehelpingtostrengthencommunicationfordevelopmentandsocialchange.

4 SouthernAfricaAIDSInformationDisseminationService(SAfAIDS)

AregionalnonprofitorganizationbasedinHarare,Zimbabwe.Establishedin1994toprovideanddisseminateHIV/AIDSinformation,SAfAIDS'missionistopromoteethicalandeffectivedevelopmentalresponsestotheHIVandAIDSepidemicbyenhancingknowledgemanagement,communication,capacitybuilding,advocacy,policyanalysisandresearch.

SouthAfricanAIDSOrganizations

Nr Name Description

1 AIDSFoundationSouthAfrica

TheAIDSFoundationofSouthAfricaisafundingagencyseekingtoidentifyanddevelopinitiativesthatreducetheimpactofAIDSinunder‐resourcedcommunities.

2 AIDSLINK

AIDSLINKsupportsindividualswithHIVandAIDSandorganizationsthatprovideappropriatecareforpeoplewithAIDS.ItalsoworkstocreateawarenessofthepreventionofHIVandAIDS.

3 BehindtheMask BasedinSouthAfrica,thisLGBTIweb‐basedmagazinecoversstoriesandexperiencesoflesbian,gay,bisexual,transgenderandintersexpeopleinAfrica.

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4 CommunityMediaforDevelopment(CMFD)

CMFDisanonprofitorganizationthatworkswithcommunities,nonprofitradiostationsandmediaorganizationstostrengthentheuseofmediaandcommunicationfordevelopment.

5 CentreforHealthPolicy(CHP)

CHPconductsindependent,multi‐disciplinaryhealthpolicyresearchanddevelopment.ItislocatedwithintheDepartmentofCommunityHealthattheUniversityofWitwatersrandinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.

6 DurbanLesbianandGayCentre

Thecenter,aprojectoftheKZNCoalitionforGayandLesbianEquality,offersasafeandsecurespaceforthelesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgendercommunitiesofDurbanandKwaZulu‐Natal.

7 ForumfortheempowermentofWomen(FEW)

Thisblacklesbianorganization,basedinJohannesburg,providesservicesandengagesinadvocacyandlobbyingwithblacklesbianwomeninJohannesburgandsurroundingtownships.

8 GayandLesbianAchives(GALA)

GALAisanindependentprojectoftheSouthAfricanHistoryArchive(SAHA),whichformspartoftheHistoricalPapersandhasawiderangeofhistoricalandarchivalmaterialrelatingtogayandlesbianexperiencesinSouthAfrica.

9 HealthSystemsTrust

ThisdynamicindependentNGOwasestablishedin1992tosupportthetransformationoftheSouthAfricanhealthsystem.Itsupportsthecurrentandfuturedevelopmentofacomprehensivehealthcaresystemthroughstrategiesdesignedtopromoteequityandefficiencyinhealthandhealthcaredelivery.

10 KwaZulu‐NatalHIVandAIDSActionUnit

Themissionoftheunitistoimplementprogramsanddisseminateinformationthatwillhaveapositiveeffectinchangingpeople'slifestylesandperceptionsonHIVandAIDS,thusreducingtheincidenceofthediseaseinKwaZulu‐Natal.

11 LesbianandGayEqualityProject(LGEP)

LGEPisanonprofitNGOthatworkstowardsachievingfulllegalandsocialequalityforlesbianandgaypeopleinSouthAfrica.

12 MedicalResearchCouncilofSouthAfrica(MRC)

MRC’smissionistoimprovethehealthstatusandqualityoflifeofthenationthroughexcellenceinscientificresearch.

13 NetworkingAIDSCommunityofSouthAfrica(NACOSA)

BasedinWesternCape,NACOSAisanNGOthatservestheWesternCapeandhasrecentlyexpandedto3otherprovinces.Itprovidesorganizationalcapacitybuilding(mentoringandtraininginorganizationaldevelopmentandtechnicalskills),facilitatesnetworkingandpromotesdialoguetoempowerorganizationstorespondtotheimpactofHIV/AIDSandTB.NACOSAisexpandingtotheNorthernandEasternCapeandoneprojectinKZN.

14 NationalInstituteforVirology(NIV)

NIVfunctionsasthenationalresourcecenterforviraldiseasesinSouthAfrica.ItisapublichealthinstitutewithintheDepartmentofHealth.

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15 NationalProgressivePrimaryHealthCareNetwork(NPPHCN)

NPPHCNisanationalnongovernmentalhealthadvocacyorganizationpromotingcollaboration,participatoryresearchandpolicyformulation,appropriatetrainingandorganizationaldevelopment.Itsmembershipiscomprisedofhealthanddevelopmentprograms,projects,organizationsandconcernedindividualsoperatingthroughoutSouthAfrica.

16 MediaInstituteforSouthernAfrica(MISA)

AnNGOwithmembersin11oftheSouthernAfricaDevelopmentCommunity(SADC)countries.OfficiallylaunchedinSeptember1992,MISAfocusesontheneedtopromotefree,independentandpluralisticmedia,seekingwaystopromoteandfacilitatethefreeflowofinformationandcooperationbetweenmediaworkers,asaprincipalmeansofnurturingdemocracyandhumanrightsinAfrica.

17 PlannedParenthoodAssociationofSouthAfrica(PPASA)

PPASAisadynamicnationalNGOcommittedtotheprinciplesenshrinedintheSouthAfricanConstitution.Itprovidesleadershipinsexualandreproductivehealthandrights,recognizingthisasakeystonetogenderequityandsustainabledevelopment.

18 PeopleOpposingWomenAbuse

Awomen'sorganizationbasedinSouthAfricathatprotectstherightsofwomen.Italsoprovideslegal,emotionalandpsychologicalassistancetosurvivorsofhatecrimes,gender‐basedviolenceanddomesticviolence.

19 ReproductiveHealthResearchUnit

TheunitisajointprojectoftheDepartmentofObstetricsandGynaecology,BaragwanathHospitalandtheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,andtheGreaterJohannesburgMetropolitanCouncil.

20 SoulCityInstitute

Amultimediahealthpromotionandsocialchangeproject.Throughdramaandentertainment,SoulCityreachesmorethan16millionSouthAfricansandmanyotherpeopleintheSouthernAfricanregion.

21 SouthAfricanAIDSDirectory TheoverallpurposeofthisdirectoryistofacilitatenetworkingandreferralaskeycomponentsofthenationalresponsetoHIVandAIDS.

22 ValleyTrust

TheValleyTrust’smissionistoofferqualityeducationandtrainingandassociatedresourcesinfieldsrelatingtocomprehensiveprimaryhealthcareandsustainabledevelopmentandstrengthenthecapacityofindividualsandcommunitiestoimprovetheirownqualityoflife.

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Asia‐PacificAIDSOrganizations

Nr Name Description

1 AIDSaction This international newsletter on AIDS prevention andcare ispublishedquarterly in seven regionaleditions inEnglish, French, Portuguese and Spanish. This Asia‐Pacific edition is produced by the Health ActionInformationNetwork(HAIN)inQuezon,thePhilippines.

2 IndigenousHealthNetwork(Australia)

The Indigenous Health Network is a resource site forindigenous health workers and researchers, and a sitefor collaborative projects. Links tomore than 200websites on indigenous health & related topics (manyAustralian).

EuropeanAIDSOrganizations

Nr Name Description

1 Adzon

BasedinBelgium,Adzonprovidessupportandinformationonsafesexpracticestomalesexworkerswithmaleclientele.

2 AfricaAIDSEducationProjectBooklet(BBCWorldService)

BBCWorldServiceEducationprovidesinformationandsupportonline,byradioandininformationbooklets.

3 AfricanAIDSHelpline

ThishelplineprovidesinformationandresourcesforAfricansinGreatBritainregardingHIVandothersexuallytransmittedinfections.ItsoperatorsarefluentinEnglish,Portuguese,French,Luganda,SwahiliandShona.

4 AIDES AnationalAIDSorganizationthatofferssocialandlegalsupport,jobassistance,preventionprogramming,afreeinformationaljournalandaneedleexchangeprogram.

5 AIDSFonds ThemajorDutchHIV/AIDScharity.

6 AIDSInfoshare

ThisAmericanorganizationinMoscowprovidessupportandinformationonHIVandAIDS.

7 ArtAIDS AcreativewebsitecommemoratingandcelebratingthefightagainstAIDS

8 HIV.net AcomprehensivereviewoftheEuropeanAIDSepidemic,literaturescreening,congressreports,amailinglistandandinformationexchangedesk,althoughthemailinglistseemstoonlybeavailableinGerman.

9 InternationalLesbianandGayAssociation(ILGA)

AninternationallesbianandgayorganizationbasedinBelgiumthatprovidesnetworkingopportunitiesforLGBTpeopleglobally.TheorganizationhasrecentlylaunchedanAfricanboardforAfrica‐basedprograms.

10 PanosLondon ThePanosInstituteisaninternationalnonprofitthatprovidesinformationonglobalissueswithadevelopingcountryperspective.Itaimstostimulatedebateonglobalenvironmentanddevelopmentissues.ItsGlobalAIDSProgrammehasaspecificfocusonHIV/AIDS.

43

11 RadioAgainstAIDS RadioAgainstAIDSisaprojecttopromoteawarenessandpreventionofHIVandAIDS.

12 Sensoa

BasedinBelgium,itprovidesinformationandservicesonsexualhealth,includingHIV/AIDS.

13 StayingAlive

AninternationalcampaignthatpromotesHIVpreventionandencouragespeopletofightHIV‐relateddiscrimination.

14 StopAIDS

ProvidesinformationonsafesexpracticeswiththegoalofHIVprevention.

15 VoicesofYouth

Helpsyoungpeopleexploreissuesrelatedtohumanrightsandsocialchange.ItsHIVpageincludesbrainteasers,photojournalsandpersonalstories.

NorthAmericanAIDSOrganizations

Nr Name Description

1 AIDSinAfrica

ThiswebpagefromtheUniversityofTexasseekstomaketheworldawareoftheglobalAIDSepidemic.

2 AIDSQuilt ThequiltisamemorialforthosewhohavediedofAIDS,andtohelpothersunderstandthedevastatingimpactofthevirus.Thequilt,createdin1985,nowstretches16footballfieldscontaining43,000panels.

3 CenterforAIDSPreventionStudies BasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,thecenterfocusesonHIVprevention,usingtheexpertiseofmultipledisciplinesandanappliedandcommunity‐basedperspectivewithinauniversitysetting.

4 CommunityAIDSTreatmentInformationExchange(CATIE)

CATIEprovidesinformationtohelppeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDSandtheircaregiversmakeinformedhealthcaredecisions.

5 TheBody AmultimediaAIDSandHIVinformationresource

44

4.GeneralInformation

Nr Name Description

1 EngenderHealth EngenderHealthworksworldwidetoimprovethelivesofindividualsbymakingreproductivehealthservicessafe,available,andsustainable.

2 FamilyHealthInternational(FHI)

FHIiscommittedtohelpingwomenandmenhaveaccesstosafe,effective,acceptableandaffordablefamilyplanningmethodstoensurethattheyachievetheirdesirednumberandspacingofchildren;preventingthespreadofHIVandAIDSandothersexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs);andimprovingthehealthofwomenandchildren.

3 GoAskAlice!

GoAskAlice!isaninteractivequestionandanswerservicefromHealthwise,theHealthEducationdivisionofColumbiaUniversityHealthServices.

4 InternationalCouncilofAIDSServiceOrganizations(ICASO)

ICASOistheinternationalnetworkforcommunity‐basedAIDSorganizations.

5 InternationalPlannedParenthoodFederation(IPPF)

IPPFlinksnationalautonomousFamilyPlanningAssociationsinover150countriesworldwide.

6 JointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIVandAIDS(UNAIDS)

AsthemainadvocateforglobalactiononHIVandAIDS,UNAIDSleads,strengthensandsupportsanexpandedresponseaimedatpreventingthetransmissionofHIV,providingcareandsupport,reducingthevulnerabilityofindividualsandcommunitiestoHIVandAIDS,andalleviatingtheimpactoftheepidemic.

7 OneWorld

OneWorldOnlineisapartnershipofover100organizationsworkingforhumanrightsandsustainabledevelopment,workingtogethertobroadcastanalternativeworldagenda,anagendaforafairerworld.Userscansearchthroughthesitesoftheseorganizationsforrelevantinformation.

8 Roche‐HIV.com

Goodinformationonthediseaseanditstreatmentfromoneofthedrugcompaniesinvolvedintreatmentandresearch.

9 TheHIVandAIDSMinistriesNetwork

TheHIVandAIDSMinistriesNetworkisaprogramofHealthandWelfareMinistries,GeneralBoardofGlobalMinistries.

10 VoluntaryServiceOrganization(VSO)

VSOisaBritishcharitythatsendsaidtodevelopingcountriesintheformofexpertvolunteers.

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5.PeopleLivingWithAIDS–SupportNetworks

1 AsiaPacificPLWHAResourceCentre

2 DirectoryofAssociationsofPeopleLivingwithHIVandAIDS

3 GlobalNetworkofPeopleLivingwithHIVandAIDS(GNP+)

4 GlobalNetworkofPeopleLivingwithHIVandAIDSandRegionalNetworks

5 InternationalCommunityofWomenLivingwithHIV/AIDS(ICW)

6 InternationalTreatmentPreparednessCoalition(ITPC)

7 NationalAssociationofPeopleLivingwithHIVandAIDSinSouthAfrica(NAPWA)

8 PeopleLivingwithHIVStigmaIndex

9 PWHA‐NET–anelectronicforumforpeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDS

10 WorldwideDirectoryofPeopleLivingwithHIVOrganizations

6.HIVandAIDSInformationandSearchSites

Nr NameofResearchUnit Description1 AIDSEducationGlobalInformationSystem

(AEGIS)–

2 HIVandAIDSTreatmentInformationNetwork AnexcellentandinformativeCanadianresource.

3 TheMiningCompany—HIVandAIDSsearch Thisserviceproviderandsearchenginebillsitselfastheonethathelpsusers“findintelligentlifeontheWeb.”Itsaysithas500“smart”humanexpertstohelppeoplefindwhattheywant.

4 TheOneWorldguideonHIVandAIDS ThisHIV/AIDSguidelooksatthecurrentstateoftheepidemic,preventionstrategies,awarenessandinformationissues,andthestateofthefightagainstHIVandAIDS,especiallywithrespecttocorporateinterestsmakingmoneyfromthedisease.

Source:OrganizationsidentifiedatICASAconferencethatarekeyplayersintheHIV/AIDSarena;supplementaryWebsearchesforinformationaboutAIDSorganizations.

46

DatabaseofMinorityGroups

Nr NameofNGO Country Description ContactPerson Contactdetails1 AfricanCampaignon

DisabilityHIVandAIDS

Thecampaignbringstogetherdisabledpeople'sorganizations,organizationsofpeoplelivingwithHIV&AIDS,NGOs,AIDSserviceorganizations,researchers,activists,andothercitizenstoworkcollectivelytoachievetwomainobjectives:acoordinatedresponseinvolvingpersonswithdisabilitiesinAfricancountriestoachieveinclusivenationalHIV&AIDSpoliciesandprogramsandequalaccessforpersonswithdisabilitiesinAfricatoinformationandservicesonHIV&AIDS.

www.africacampaign.info

2 AfriCASO Senegal AfriCASOisaregionalnetworkthatpromotesandfacilitatesthedevelopmentofHIV/AIDScommunityresponsesinAfricathroughadvocacy,networking,developmentofsustainableorganizationalsystemsandcapacitybuildingfornetworks,NGOs,CBOsandPLWHAgroupstoimprovethequalifyoflifeofcommunities.ItenvisionsanAfricawhereHIVandAIDSarefullycontrolled;newinfectionsarestopped;peopleinfectedoraffectedhaveawideaccesstoprevention,careandtreatmentservices;andstigmatizationanddiscriminationareeradicated.

9513Sacre‐Coeur3BP.28366Dakar‐MedinaDakar,SenegalTel:+221338593939Fax:[email protected]

3 Africagay Nigeria Homosexuality,issuesofdiscriminationandstigma,researchinAfricaonhomosexuality,HIV/AIDS.

DESTourEssor,14rueScandicci93508PANTINCedexTel:0141834602Fax:0141834669www.aides.org,www.africagay.org

4 AIDS&RightsAllianceforSouthernAfrica(ARASA)

SouthAfrica ARASAisaregionalpartnershipofnongovernmentalorganizationsworkingtogethertopromoteahumanrights‐basedresponsetoHIV/AIDSinSouthernAfrica,throughcapacitybuildingandadvocacy.Itsthreeprogramareasfocusontrainingandawarenessraising,advocacyandlobbyingandregionaltreatmentliteracyandadvocacy.

JacobSegale 41DekorteStreetSableCentre8thFloorBraamfontein,2017SouthAfricaTel:+27114037720Fax:+27114037719Mobile:[email protected]

47

5 AllianceInternationalHIV/AIDSAllianceinZambia

Zambia Providessupporttoorganizations,reachingsomeofthepoorestandmostvulnerablecommunitieswithHIVprevention,careandsupport,andimprovedaccesstotreatment.SupportscommunityactiononAIDSindevelopingcountries—withaspecialfocusonmenwhohavesexwithmenandsexworkers.

SueClay Plot3020,Mosi‐OaTunyaRdWoodlandsShoppingComplexBox3379610101Lusaka,ZambiaTel/Fax:+260211260818+260211264792+260211263088Cell:[email protected]

6 AllianceNationalecontrelesida–Sénégal(ANCS)

Senegal Providessupporttoorganizations,reachingsomeofthepoorestandmostvulnerablecommunitieswithHIVprevention,careandsupport,andimprovedaccesstotreatment.

SacréCoeur3,villa9405BP10297Dakar,SénégalTel:+221338693011Fax:[email protected]

7 AssociaçãodeReintegraçãodosJovens/CriançasnaVidaSocial(SCARJOV)

Angola Foundedin2003,SCARJOVworkstobuildagrassrootscultureofpeace,anunderstandingandrespectforhumanrightsandchildren’srightsandopportunitiesforyouthtobecomelifelongpeacebuilders.ItsworkonHIV/AIDSusesahumanrights‐basedapproachtobuildawarenessandskillsaroundHIVprevention,treatment,programdevelopment,publicpolicyandhumanrights.

SimaoCacumba Rua10,PrédiodoCICANo76ResdiChãoBairroCassendaLuanda,ANGOLATel:+244222322637Fax:[email protected]

8 AssociationJeunesInfectesetOrphelinsduVIH/SIDA

Chad CounselingandpreventionprogramsforyoungchildrenandorphanswithHIV.

LaziaNaomie Tel:[email protected]

9 AWOMI Senegal HIVprogramsforwomenlivingwithHIVinSenegalandNamibia—unpaidworkintheprovisionofhealthcare

SalimataBocoum

Tel:[email protected]

10 ‘BanaBarona’–OurChildren.

SouthAfrica WorkswithorphanslefthomelessbyHIV;promotesHIVpreventionandworkswithyoungadultsinthearea.

SussieSeemela OrphanageOVCinRustenburgNorthWest,SouthAfricaMobile:+27825408484

11 ‘BasadiEmang’–WomenArise

SouthAfrica HIV/AIDSorphans,mediaandwomen.Aimstohelpcommercialsexworkersinthesurroundingminingareas.

ReginaMolokomme

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12 BehindTheMask(BTM)

SouthAfrica Gay,Lesbian,Bisexual,Transgender,Intersex.Issues:stigmaandHIV/AIDS.

PhysicalAddressOfficeA06‐111stFloor:AdministrationBuilding1KotzeStreetWomen'sGaol,ConstitutionHillBraamfontein,SouthAfrica

PostalAddressPOBox93843Yeoville2143

Tel:+27(0)114035566Fax:+27(0)[email protected]

13 BotswanaNetworkonEthics,LawandHIV/AIDS(BONELA)

Botswana WorkstocreateanenablingandjustenvironmentforthoseinfectedandaffectedbyHIVandAIDS.

ChristineStegling

POBox402958Plot50662,MedicalMewsFairgroundGaborone,BOTSWANATel:+2673932516Fax:[email protected]

14 BusinessCoalitionAgainstHIV/AIDS(BUCAHA)

Gambia Servesasafocalpointforengagingwithstakeholdersandendorsesprivate‐sectorcommitmenttocreatinghealthyworkenvironmentsbyaddressingstigmaanddiscrimination.

PaulMendy 55KairabaAvenue,K.S.M.DP.O.Box348Serrekunda,TheGambiaTel:+2204378929,+2204377190Mobile:+2209952802,+2207952802Fax:[email protected]

15 CareInternationalinEthiopia

Ethiopia CAREworkstoreducethenumberofchildreninfectedwithHIVatbirthbyraisingawarenessaboutHIVandAIDSandhowitcanbepreventedamongwomenofchildbearingage.CAREcombinesawareness‐raisingactivities,suchascommunity‐lededucationcampaignsandschoolanti‐AIDSclubs,withvoluntarycounselingandtestingservices—atafractionofthecostofprivatetesting.ItalsoworksinpartnershipwithlocalcommunitygroupsknownasIdirstoprovidesupportandcare,includingfinancialsupport,forthosemostaffectedbyHIVandAIDSsuchastheelderly,bed‐riddenpatientsandorphans.

FrehywotEshetu P.O.Box4710AddisAbaba,EthiopiaTel:[email protected]

49

16 CoalitionforPositiveSexuality(CPS)

USA CPSisagrassroots,nonprofit,activistorganizationforpeoplelivingwithHIV.

POBox77212Washington,DC20013‐7212(773)604‐1654www.positive.org

17 CoalitionofAfricanLesbians

SouthAfrica Providesservicestowomenwhohavesexwithotherwomenand/orlesbian,bisexualandtransgenderwomeninAfrica.

FikileViakazi P.O.Box400,Boksburg,1460SouthAfricaTel:[email protected]

18 CoalitionofWomenLivingwithHIVandAIDSinMalawi(COWLHA)

Malawi COWLHAformedin2006tocreateaunitedvoiceforwomenandgirlslivingwithHIV/AIDSandaddressthechallengestheyface.OneWorldActionsupportseffortstostrengthenCOWLHA’sprojectandfinancialmanagementskillsandsupportsitsadvocacyactivitiesaimedatreducingstigmaanddiscriminationamongwomenlivingwithHIV/AIDS.

JoyceJoanNsaliwa‐Kamwana

P/BagA152Lilongwe,[email protected]

19 DisabilityHIV&AIDSTrust(DHAT)

Botswana DHATisanonprofitregionalorganizationworkingindisabilityandHIV/AIDSinSADCcountrieswithitsheadquartersinGaborone,Botswana.ItworkstobuildandstrengthenthecapacityofdisabledpeoplesorganizationstorespondtotheneedsoftheirmembersandHIV/AIDS.

PrivateBag0029Suite197,PostnetMogoditshane,BotswanaTel:+2673971774Fax:+2673971773

20 DurbanLesbianandGayCommunityHealthCentre

SouthAfrica Thecenter,aprojectoftheKZNCoalitionforGayandLesbianEquality,offersasafeandsecurespaceforthelesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgendercommunitiesofDurbanandKwaZulu‐Natal.Itprovidespersonal,HIV/AIDS,sexualhealthandlegaleducation,counselingandadvice.

NonhlanhlaMkhize

320WestRoadDurban,SouthAfricaTel:031301‐2145Fax:031301‐[email protected]@gaycentre.org.zawww.gaycentre.org.za

21 ForumforEmpowermentofWomen(FEW)

SouthAfrica FEWworkstoensureaworldwherelesbian,bisexualandtransgenderwomenknow,accessandenjoytheirrighttoautonomy,dignityandequalityinallaspectsoftheirlives,bothintheprivateandthepublicdomain.Itaimstoarticulate,advance,protectandpromotetherightsofblacklesbian,bisexualandtransgenderwomen.

1KotzeStreetBraamfonteinP.O.Box10204Johannesburg,SouthAfricaTel:+27113391867Fax:+27113391861www.few.org.za

22 FreedomandRoamUganda(FARUG)

Ghana FreedomandRoamUgandaisanLGBTorganizationthatisspearheadingthecampaignfortherightsandrecognitionofLGBTpeopleinUganda.

www.faruganda.org

50

23 GayandLesbianArchives(GALA)

SouthAfrica Foundedin1997,GALAsupportstheadvancement,developmentandrightsofLGBTIpeoplebyworkingtocompileandpreserveanaccuraterecordandrepresentationoftheirstruggles.ItmobilizesmemorybydocumentingandpopularizingthelivesandhistoriesofLGBTISouthAfricans.Insodoingitcontributestothedevelopmentofpride,challengeshomophobiaandentrenchestherightsofLGBTIpeople.

P.O.Box31719Braamfontein,2017SouthAfricaTel:+27117174239Fax:[email protected]

24 GaySouthAfrica SouthAfrica Gay,lesbianandbisexualissues,discrimination,humanrights,HIV/AIDScounselingservices.

[email protected]/browser99.asp

25 GaysandLesbiansofZimbabwe(GALZ)

Zimbabwe GALZwasoneofthefirstorganizationsinZimbabwetostartHIV/AIDSawarenesscampaigns.Todayitremainsuniqueinthatitistheonlyorganizationinthecountryspecificallyworkingwithpeoplewhoengageinsame‐sexsexualactivity.

www.galz.co.zw

26 GenderDynamiX SouthAfrica GenderDynamiXisthefirstAfrican‐basedorganizationforthetransgendercommunity.Itaimstocreateawarenessandvisualizetransgenderism.GenderDynamiXiscommittedtoprovidingresources,informationandsupporttotransfolk,theirpartners,family,employersandthepublic.

LieslTheron SaartjieBaartmanCentreKlipfonteinRoad,AthlonePostalAddress:POBox347Athlone,7760,SouthAfricaTel:[email protected]

27 GlobalCoalitiononWomenandAIDS

Switzerland GCWAisaworldwideallianceofcivilsocietygroups,networksorwomenlivingwithHIV,women’sorganizations,AIDSserviceorganizations,andtheUNsystem,committedtostrengtheningAIDSprogrammingforwomenandgirls.Itaimstomobilizeleadershipandpoliticalwilltoinfluencelaws,policies,programsandfundingthatgivegirlsandwomenthepowertopreventHIVinfectionortolivefulfilling,productiveliveswithHIV.

GlobalCoalitiononWomenandAIDS20,avenueAppiaCH‐1211Geneva27SwitzerlandTel:+41.22.791.2699Fax:[email protected]

28 HEARD SouthAfrica HEARDconductsresearchonthesocioeconomicaspectsofpublichealth,especiallytheHIV/AIDSpandemic.ItseekstoinspirehealthanddevelopmentstrategiesthatimprovethewelfareofpeopleinandbeyondAfrica.HEARDconductsinterdisciplinaryresearchtoproducescientificknowledgeandeffectiveinterventions.Itaimstoinfluenceglobalthinkingandactiononhealthanddevelopment.

PhysicalAddressUniversityofKwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleCampus,JBlock,Level4UniversityRoad,WestvilleDurban,SouthAfricaPostalAddressUniversityofKwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleCampus,PrivateBagX54001Durban4000SouthAfrica

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Tel:+2731260‐2592Fax:+2731260‐[email protected]

29 HorizonCommunityAssociation(HOCA)

Rwanda HOCAisanLGBTrightsorganizationbasedinRwanda,whereitisthefirstofitskindtoopenlyworkonLGBTissues.

www.globalgayz.com/rwanda‐HOCA

30 IbaniseHIV/AIDSInitiative

Nigeria Riskreductionamongfemalesexworkers,roadtransportworkers,marinetransportworkersandHIVpreventionandsensitisationprograms.

TopFloorLibraryBuildingKingWilliamDappaPeopleRoadBonnyIsland,NigeriaTel:[email protected]

31 IndependentProjectforEqualRights–Nigeria

Nigeria Pursuinganon‐discriminatorySocietyThroughAdvocacy,Empowerment&Education

JosephSewedoAkoro

Tel:+234‐8054814432+234‐1‐[email protected]

32 InternationalCentreforReproductiveHealthandSexualRights(INCRESE)

Nigeria INCRESEistheleadingNigerianNGOworkingforafavorableenvironmentandexpandingaccesstosexualhealthandrightsinformationandservices.

www.increse‐increse.org

33 KenyaAIDSNGOsConsortium(KANCO)

Kenya KANCOisapremiernationalmembershipnetworkofNGOs,CBOs,faith‐basedorganizations,privatesector,researchandlearninginstitutionswithaninterestinginHIV/AIDSandTBactivitiesinKenya.

AllanRagi ChakaRoadoffArgwingsKodhekRdP.O.Box69866‐00400NairobiTel:+254202717664/5008Mobile:+254722203344or+254733333237Fax:[email protected]

34 LentswelaRona Botswana,Ghana,Ethiopia,Lesotho,Mozambique,Namibia,Nigeria,SouthAfrica,Swaziland,Zambia,Tanzania,UgandaandZimbabwe

LentsweLaRonaisaregionalyouthnetworkthatenvisionsasocietywhereAfricanyouthareabletoaccessandexercisetheirrightsandparticipateatallpolicyanddecision‐makinglevelsregardingissuesthataffecttheirrights,inparticulartheirsexualandreproductiverights.ItseekstoachievethisvisionbypromotinganddefendingtherightsofyoungpeopleinAfricabyempoweringandsupportingthem.

[email protected]

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35 Lesbians,Gays,BisexualsofBotswana(LeGaBiBo)

Botswana LEGABIBOisBotswana'sprimarygayrightsorganization.Ithasnoofficialrecognitionfromthegovernment,andbecauseitisnotaregisteredorganization,itcannotlegallyraisefunds.Aspokesmanfromtheorganizationsaid,“thegovernmenthasstatedthatitwillrefusetoregisterourorganizationbecausetodosowouldbetantamounttoregisteringanorganizationofcriminals.”

FabuluosDuo

PhysicalAddressPlot50662,MedicalMewsFairgroundGaborone,BotswanaPostalAddressPOBox402958Gaborone,BotswanaTel:+2673932516Fax:[email protected]

36 Mama’sClub Uganda Thiscommunity‐basedorganizationworkstoempowerHIVpositivemothersbyprovidingpsychosocialpeer‐to‐peersupport,preventionliteracy,incomegeneratingskills,andmentortrainingforyoungmothers.

LydiaMungherera

P.O.Box27796Kampala,[email protected]

37 MEMAKwaVijana(Goodthingsforyoungpeople)

Tanzania MEMAKwaVijanaisanadolescentsexualandreproductivehealthprogramworkinginschools,healthfacilitiesandcommunitiesinMwanzaRegion.Itsgoalistoimprovethesexualandreproductivehealthofadolescents.Ithasovertenyearsofresearchandimplementationexperience.Itspackageofadolescentsexualandreproductivehealthinterventionsincludes:teacher‐led,peer‐assistedin‐schoolsexualandreproductivehealtheducation;youth‐friendlysexualandreproductivehealthservices;community‐basedcondompromotionanddistribution;andcommunityactivities.

Mwana,Tanzaniawww.mamakwavijana.org

38 MinorityWomeninAction(MWA)

Kenya Formedin2006,itworkstobringtogetherlesbian,gay,bisexual,transgenderandintersex(LGBTI)individualsfromEastAfricatodiscussissuesaffectingthemandtoassessthelevelandprogressofLGBTIorganizationswithintheregion.

AkinyiOcholla,

P.O.Box21226‐00505,Nairobi,[email protected]

39 NashetuCapacityProviders(NACAP)

Kenya OperatesamongtheminorityMaasaicommunity,fightingHIV/AIDS.

EliezerWangulu KajiadoDistrictKenya

40 NetworkforSexworkProject(NSWP)

SouthAfrica Thisinformalallianceofsexworkersandorganizationsthatprovideservicestosexworkersisalegallyconstitutedinternationalorganizationthatpromotessexworkers'healthandhumanrights.

P.O.Box13914Mowbray7705,SouthAfricaTel:+27214482883Fax:[email protected]

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41 OpenSocietyInitiativeforWestAfrica(OSIWA)

Liberia,Nigeria,Senegal

OSIWApromotestheidealsofanopensociety.Itcollaborateswithadvocacygroups,like‐mindedfoundations,governments,anddonorstocreateinitiativesthatenhancecivilsociety.Itsprogramprioritiesincludehumanrights,goodgovernance,mediaandcommunication,andeconomicreform.

NanaTanko(Senegal)

MonroviaOfficeFormerStarRadioBuildingOldCIDRoad,MambaPointMonrovia‐LiberiaTel:+2316813108osiwa‐[email protected],Plot1266AmazonStreet,offAlvanIkokuWayMinistersHill,MaitamaAbuja–NigeriaTel:+23494137289Fax:+23494136649osiwa‐abuja@osiwa.orgSenegalOfficeImmeubleEPIBoulevardduSudXRuedesEcrivainsPointE,Dakar,SenegalTel:(221)869‐1024,1033‐1036Fax:(221)‐824‐0942osiwa‐[email protected]://www.osiwa.org

42 OUTLGBTWell‐Being(OUT)

SouthAfrica ThisisalesbianandgayorganizationthatisbasedinPretoria,SouthAfrica.TheorganizationprovidesmentalandsexualhealthservicesforlesbianandgaypeopleinGauteng.

PhysicalAddress745ParkStreetArcadia;Tshwane0083SouthAfricaPostalAddressPOBox26197Arcadia;Tshwane0007SouthAfricaTel:+27123445108Fax:+27123446501www.out.org.za

43 PeopleLivingwithHIVStigmaIndex

Zambia ThistoolwillmeasureanddetectchangingtrendsinrelationtostigmaanddiscriminationexperiencedbypeoplelivingwithHIV.Inthisinitiative,theprocessisjustasimportantastheproduct.ItaimstoaddressstigmarelatingtoHIVwhilealsoadvocatingonthekeybarriersandissuesperpetuatingstigma—akeyobstacletoHIVtreatment,prevention,careandsupport.

KenlySikwese C/CNZP,GroundFloorKwachaHouseAnnex,CairoRoadLusaka,ZambiaTel/Fax:+260211237619Cell:[email protected]

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44 PlanEthiopia Ethiopia PlanworksinAddisAbaba,northLalibela,JimmaandinthesouthernpartofthecountryShebedinoareas.Itsworkisfoundedonanintegratedchild‐centeredcommunitydevelopmentapproach.

45 PositiveMuslims SouthAfrica PositiveMuslimsisafaith‐basedorganizationfoundedin2000tocreateanddeepenawarenessamongMuslimsabouttheoccurrenceofHIV/AIDSinallMuslimandnon‐Muslimcommunities.Itworksto:educateitscommunityaboutHIV/AIDSandthewaysinwhichitiscontracted;raiseawarenessofwaystoavoiditandthefactthatnooneis‘above’acquiringit;findandimplementwaysofsupportingpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDStocontinueapositivelifejourney;providecounseling,helpingaccessingaffordabletreatmentandofferingspiritualsupport;lobbyingrelevantstructuresingovernmentandincivilsociety,particularlyMuslimleaders,toincreasecompassion,mercyandnon‐judgmentalismforpeopleofallwalksoflife.WhileitworksprimarilyamongMuslims,itiscommittedtoworkingwithalltheotherprogressivegroupsworkingonHIV/AIDS.

FatimaNoordien 15MarsRoadWynberg,7800CapeTownTel:+27217612249+27217612281Fax:[email protected]

46 Prometra Promotionoftraditionalmedicine. JacquesApollinaireBatanon,Pres.JosephDabogoSia,MD,Pres.EdwardFaiFominyenNgu,Pres.Prof.Dr.MvumbiLelo

Benin01BP3955,Cotonou,BeninTel:(229)21337441/[email protected]/cCentreMédicalSaintCamille09BP444,Ouagadougou09BurkinaFasoTel:(226)50361232/[email protected],Yaoundé,CameroonTel:(237)7701091/[email protected]@yahoo.frDemocraticRepublicofCongoCiteSolongonord,3728Lemba–Kinshasa,DemocraticRep.ofCongoTel:(243)[email protected]

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ClaireDufour‐Jaillet,Pres.AmaviAmahAyaoTogbegaDabraVISoniaBiabianyMohamedKerfallaCamaraEmpresarioJorgePinto,Pres.JoanemJosephYangniAngaté,Pres.

France125AvenueDuGeneralLeclerc75014Paris,FranceTel:[email protected]@gfa.frGabonBP22268,SiègeFeuTricoloreNzengAyong,Libreville,GabonTel:(241)06268878/[email protected],Weija,Accra,GhanaTel:(233)21322330/[email protected]@yahoo.co.ukGuadeloupe28,CiteFaloge97100BasseTerre,GuadeloupeF.W.ITel.&[email protected]–ConakryBP872Conakry,GuineaTel:(224)60546465/[email protected]‐BissauBairoDehamedalaiBP:1101‐Bissau,Guinea‐BissauTel:(245)7201266/206844Haiti649,RueEstenioVincent‐CroixdesBouquets‐RepublicofHaitiTel:(509)512‐4725IvoryCoast08BP:925Abidjan08,IvoryCoastTel:(225)20322011/[email protected]

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JeffOderaDr.DjibrilCoulibaly,Pres.ClemireJosephNarcisoMahumana,Pres.BouryNiang,Pres.EkoueLonlonCreppyBabaCredoMutwa

KenyaP.O.Box50797‐00200Nairobi,KenyaTel:(254)20788558/[email protected]‐Bamako,Rue727Porte209BP1746Bamako‐MaliTel:(223)2442326/2214320 [email protected]@yahoo.frMartinique24A,ruedelaliberté,PetitBourg97215RivièresaléeMartiniqueF.W.ITel&Fax:[email protected],RuadaKongwan°27,1°Floor,MaputoCity‐MozambiqueTeleFax:(258)(01)32619Mobile:(82)3828303/[email protected]:547,Mbour,SenegalTel:(221)[email protected]°2835432CamraludFirgas‐LasPalmasTel:(0034)928460841/[email protected],PotgieterStreet‐JetSetParkPOBox2292,Pretoria,SouthAfricaTel:[email protected]

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LocohLonlonSekagyaYahayaMicheleOzumba

TogoBP8321Lomé,TogoTel:(228)[email protected],Kampala,UgandaTel(256)41566765proetrauganda@softhome.netUnitedStates100AuburnAve.Suite200Atlanta,Georgia30303Tel:(404)4756077info@Prometra‐usa.org

47 SexualMinoritiesUganda(SMUG)

Uganda SMUGisanonprofit,nongovernmentalorganizationthatworkstowardsachievingfulllegalandsocialequalityforlesbian,gay,bisexual,transgenderpeopleinUganda.ItistheumbrellaorganizationofallLGBTIorganizationsinUganda.

ClockTowerKampala,UgandaP.O.Box70208Tel:256312294859

48 SisterNamibia Namibia Thisfeministwomen’srightsorganizationbasedinWindhoek,engagesinmedia,education,research,advocacyandculturalactivitytopromotewomen’shumanrightsandfullequalityinaworldfreefromviolence,discriminationandoppression.

[email protected]

49 SouthernAfricaHIVandAIDSInformationDisseminationSerives(SAfAIDS)

SouthAfricaZambiaZimbabwe

Promoteschangesinknowledge,practice,behaviorofindividualsandcommunitiesusinganevidence‐basedapproach,understandingthatitisthroughsustainedbehaviorchangethatpeoplewillreducetheirvulnerabilitiestoHIVandAIDS.InfluenceskeyagenciestomainstreamHIVandAIDSandgenderrelatedissuesintotheirdevelopmentwork.Thisprincipleacknowledgesthatthemajorityofpeopleinfectedarewomenandthattherelationshipsbetweenmenandwomenareintegraltothedevelopmentofaneffectiveresponsetotheepidemic.PromotesthemeaningfulinvolvementofpeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDS,whoareanimportantstakeholderandpartnerinrespondingtotheepidemicandthereforeshouldbegivenopportunitiestocontributenotjustasbeneficiariesbutasequalpartnersthatcanparticipatemeaningfullyinthedesignandimplementationofHIVandAIDSresponses.

SAfAIDSRegionalOffice479SappersContour,LynnwoodPretoria,0081SouthAfricaTel012‐361‐0889Fax:012361‐1705CountryOffice‐Zimbabwe17Beveridge,AvondaleHarare,ZimbabweTel:(+2634)336193/4,307898,335015,335005Fax:(+2634)[email protected]‐ZambiaPlotNo.4,RhodesParkLusaka,ZambiaTel:+2601257609Fax:[email protected]

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50 SexWorkerEducationandAdvocacyTaskforce(SWEAT)

SouthAfrica SWEATisanonprofitorganizationsituatedinCapeTown,SouthAfrica.Itworkswithsexworkersaroundhealthandhumanrights.ItalsolobbiesandadvocatesforthedecriminalizationofadultsexworkinSouthAfrica.

CommunityHouse,41SaltRiverRd,SaltRiver,CapeTown,7915Tel:+27214487875Fax:[email protected]

51 SocietyforWomenandAIDSinAfrica(SWAA)

Senegal SWAAadvocatesonbehalfofwomen,childrenandfamiliesaboutHIV/AIDS.Itmobilizescommunitiesbystrengtheningcapacitytoprevent,controlandmitigatetheepidemic’simpact.ItseeksaworldfreeofHIV/AIDS,whereAfricanwomenandchildrenareempoweredtoclaimequalrights,accesstohealthcare,education,andeconomicandsocio‐culturalopportunities.

SicapSacreCoeurII,VillaNo.8608FB.P16‐425,Dakar‐Fann,SenegalTel:(221)8245920Fax:(221)[email protected]

52 TanzaniaLesbianAssociation(TALESA)

Tanzania [email protected]

53 TriangleProject SouthAfrica TheTriangleProjectworkstoeradicatediscriminationagainstandwithintheLGBTcommunity,andtoprovidedefinedservicestotheLGBTcommunityuntiltheyarenolongerrequired.

Unit29,WaverleyBusinessPark,DaneSt,MowbrayPOBox13935Mowbray,7705CapeTownTel:(021)4483812Fax:(021)[email protected]

54 UNFPANigeria Nigeria MobilizescommunitysupportforactiveparticipationofyoungpeopleinHIVpreventionthroughadvocacytopolicymakers,andsensitizationofreligiousleadersandcommunityleadersontherolesofyoungpeopleonHIV/AIDS;strengtheningcapacityofyouthsinHIVprevention,careandsupport;strengtheningthecapacityofparentstoeffectivelycommunicatewithyoungpeopleaboutHIV/AIDSandsexualityissues;integratingyouthprogramsonHIV/AIDSintotheRHandHIV/AIDSprograms.

www.nigeria.unfpa.org

55 VoiceofRoses–Kenya

Kenya Workswithmarginalizedwomenandgirls,orphans(deafandhearing).

NanaWarinda Tel:[email protected]

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