CA ARGOM MAP - TRIMIS
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Docu Wor Packa WP3 A ument refer rk age Cla 3 SEVEN AIR CAR Air C rence assification PU NTH FRAM CA RGO TE Proje Cargo R Natur R MEWORK P ARGOM ECHNOL ect number R&TD Ro re P C PROGRAM MAP LOGY R r: 284551 oad Map Partner CIRA MME (FP7) ROAD M p Date 16/10/201 MAP Is 13 V sue V1.0
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Transcript of CA ARGOM MAP - TRIMIS
Docu
WorPacka
WP3
A
ument refer
rk age
Cla
3
SEVEN
AIR CAR
Air C
rence
assification
PU
NTH FRAM
CA
RGO TE
Proje
Cargo R
Natur
R
MEWORK P
ARGOM
ECHNOL
ect number
R&TD Ro
re P
C
PROGRAM
MAP
LOGY R
r: 284551
oad Map
Partner
CIRA
MME (FP7)
ROAD M
p
Date
16/10/201
MAP
Is
13 V
sue
V1.0
2
Document c
Issue
0
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
Document
Responsib
Author
Partners involved
Reviewer
Approver
change log
Date
April 2013
May 2013
August 2013
September2013
October 2013
October 2013
November2013
control
ble O
C
A
D
GC
IL
S
T
C
S
Auth
M. A
A. de
M. A
r A. de
A. de
Noém
r A. D
Organisation
CIRA
ADC
DLR
Gruppo Class
LOT
SLOT
TUoD
CIRA
SLOT
hor
Amato
e Graaff
Amato
e Graaff
e Graaff
mi Král
De Graaff
n
Mar
Adri
Pete
Step
Gius
Bart
Noe
Paul
Mar
Rola
rcello Amato
iaan de Gra
er Meincke
phan Horn
seppe Sicili
tosz Dziugie
mi Král
l Roling
rcello Amato
and Gurály
AIR C
Com
Pre
Sec
Thi
Fou
Fift
Fin
Fin
Name
o
aaff
ano
el
o
CARGO TEC
mments
eliminary Ou
cond Draft
ird Draft
urth draft
th draft
nal draft
nal report
CHNOLOG
utline
D
01/04/
01/05/
01/08/
01/08/
01/08/
01/08/
01/08/
15/10/
16/10/
GY ROADM
ate
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
/2013
MAP
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3
Table of C
EXECUTIVE
CARGOMAP
ACRONYMS
INTRODUCT
AIR TRANSP
FLIGHT PAT
THE CARGO
CARGO IND
CARGO TRA
.1 ROAD TRA
.2 RAIL TRANS
.3 MARITIME
.4 AIR CARGO
SWOT ANAL
0.1 ROAD F
0.2 RAIL AN
0.3 MARIT
0.4 AIR CA
OUTCOME O
1.1 LONG H
1.2 MEDIU
1.3 SHORT
1.4 VERY S
1.5 RESEAR
AIR CARGO
2.1 AIR CA
2.2 NEW T
2.3 POSSIB
2.4 FUTUR
2.5 THE AI
2.6 THE BO
2.7 BAUHA
2.8 TUD FO
2.9 THE CA
2.10 ADAPTA
2.11 SELECT
2.12 FOCUS
2.13 INFLUE
AIR CARGO
3.1 VISION
ontents
SUMMARY ...
P PROJECT – S
S ...................
TION .............
PORT IN EURO
TH 2050: A VIS
OMAP APPROA
DUSTRY OVERV
ANSPORT MO
NSPORT ...........
SPORT ............
E TRANSPORT ....
O ....................
LYSIS FOR TH
FREIGHT TRANSP
ND INTERMODAL
IME FREIGHT TR
ARGO TRANSPORT
OF THE QUEST
HAUL (> 6000 K
UM HAUL (1000‐
HAUL (< 1000
HORT HAUL (<20
RCH NEEDS .......
DEMAND AN
ARGO DEMAND ..
RANSPORT CONC
BLE SUBSTITUTION
E COMPETITION
RBUS GLOBAL FO
OEING GLOBAL FO
AUS, TU MUNCH
ORECAST .........
ARGOMAP FOREC
ATION TO CITY‐P
TION OF AIRPORT
ON PEAKS IN DE
NCE ON AIR CAR
IN THE FUTU
FOR SHORT TER
.....................
SUMMARY ....
.....................
.....................
OPE ...............
SION FOR THE
ACH TO DEVE
VIEW ............
DES ..............
......................
......................
......................
......................
E COMPETITIV
PORT ...............
L FREIGHT TRANS
RANSPORT (CONT
T ....................
TIONNAIRES T
KM)..................
‐6000 KM) ......
KM) ................
00 KM) ...........
......................
ND FUTURE TR
......................
CEPTS ..............
N ISSUES ..........
WITH NEW AIR C
ORECAST 2011‐2
ORECAST 2012 .
HEN AND AIRBUS
......................
CAST FOR EUROP
PAIR LEVEL FOR G
TS ...................
EMAND FORECAS
RGO OF FUTURE F
RE ATS – VISI
RM (2020) .......
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
E ATS OF THE
ELOP THE RTD
.....................
.....................
......................
......................
......................
......................
VENESS OF FR
......................
SPORT .............
TAINERS) ..........
......................
TO THE AIR C
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
RENDS ...........
......................
......................
......................
CARGO ENTRANTS
2030 ..............
......................
S FORECAST 201
......................
PE ...................
GLOBAL FORECAS
......................
ST ...................
FACTORS ..........
ON AND REQ
......................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
FUTURE ........
D ROADMAP ..
.....................
.....................
......................
......................
......................
......................
REIGHT TRAN
......................
......................
......................
......................
CARGO STAKE
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
.....................
......................
......................
......................
S ....................
......................
......................
1‐ 2030 .........
......................
......................
STS .................
......................
......................
......................
QUIREMENTS .
......................
AIR C
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
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.....................
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.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
SPORT ..........
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HOLDERS ......
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CARGO TEC
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CHNOLOG
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GY ROADM
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MAP
...... 9
.... 10
.... 12
.... 14
.... 15
.... 24
.... 27
.... 31
.... 35
.... 35
.... 47
.... 59
.... 65
.... 89
.... 89
.... 91
.... 93
.... 94
.... 95
.... 95
.... 97
.... 98
.... 99
.... 99
.. 100
.. 100
.. 106
.. 107
.. 109
.. 113
.. 115
.. 117
.. 119
.. 120
.. 123
.. 124
.. 126
.. 127
.. 132
.. 132
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
17
4
3.2 VISION
3.3 LONG T
3.4 ADDITI
OVERVIEW
4.1 EU SCE
4.2 INTERN
AIR CARGO
5.1 INNOVA
5.2 RANKIN
5.3 UNMA
5.4 THE ISS
5.5 THE INT
5.6 THE RE
RECOMMEN
REFERENCES
FOR MEDIUM T
TERM 2050 .....
ONAL REQUIREM
OF CURRENT
ENARIO ...........
NATIONAL SCENA
ROADMAP ...
ATIVE AIR VEHICL
NG OF ALTERNAT
NNED AIRCRAFT
SUE OF A NEW AI
TERMODAL TRAN
SEARCH ROADM
NDATIONS FO
S ..................
TERM (2035) ....
......................
MENTS FOR FUTU
RESEARCH A
......................
ARIO ................
.....................
LES TO SERVE TH
TIVE AIRCRAFT ....
......................
R CARGO CONTA
NSPORT CHAIN ...
AP ..................
OR THE EUROP
.....................
......................
......................
RE DEVELOPMEN
ND POLICY IN
......................
......................
.....................
E FUTURE AIR CA
......................
......................
AINER...............
......................
......................
PEAN COMMI
.....................
......................
......................
NTS OF AIR CARG
NITIATIVES ....
......................
......................
.....................
ARGO MARKET ...
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
ISSION ..........
.....................
AIR C
.....................
.....................
GO ..................
.....................
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.....................
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.....................
CARGO TEC
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CHNOLOG
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GY ROADM
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MAP
.. 135
.. 141
.. 142
.. 145
.. 145
.. 147
.. 151
.. 151
.. 179
.. 180
.. 180
.. 182
.. 183
.. 193
.. 196
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
5
List a figur
RE 1: MAIN AIRP
RE 2: INFRASTRU
RE 3: BOEING M
RE 4: NIGHT‐FLIG
RE 5: ACARE AC
RE 6: APPROACH
RE 7: CARGOMA
RE 8: CONCEPTS
RE 9: RECENT LO
RE 10: COST DIS
RE 11: JET FUEL
RE 12: RTD ROA
RE 13: DIRECT R
RE 14: AIR FTKS
RE 15: AIR FTKS
RE 16: SHARE O
RE 17: RAIL MAP
RE 18: EVOLUTIO
RE 19: ROAD FR
RE 20: ROAD FR
RE 21: EXTRA‐E
RE 22: ROAD FRE
RE 23: AVERAGE
RE 24:AGE DISTR
RE 25: EVOLUTIO
RE 26:EVOLUTIO
RE 27: GROWTH
RE 28: GROWTH
RE 29:MAIN RAI
RE 30: RAIL FREI
RE 31: RAIL FREI
RE 32: GENERAL
RE 33: TRADITIO
RE 34: NEW OPE
RE 35: IMPACT O
RE 36: POTENTIA
RE 37: RAIL TRA
RE 38: EVOLUTIO
RE 39: EVOLUTIO
RE 40: GLOBAL C
RE 41: ESTIMAT
RE 42: GENERAL
RE 43: EVOLUTIO
RE 44: KEY PLAY
RE 45: TOP 25 C
RE 46: BUSINESS
RE 47: TOP CARG
res:
PORTS IN EUROP
UCTURE BOTTLEN
MARKET OUTLOO
GHT RESTRICTION
CHIEVEMENTS ...
H TO DEVELOP SR
AP APPROACH ..
S AND THEIR RELA
OAD FACTORS ....
STRIBUTION ......
AND CRUDE OIL
ADMAP DEVELOP
RELATIONSHIP OF
S WITH RESPECT
S FROM AND TO
F CARGO BETWE
P OF CHINA ......
ON OF TONNES B
EIGHT TKM BY C
EIGHT TRANSPOR
U ROAD FREIGHT
EIGHT TRANSPOR
E COSTS OD ROAD
RIBUTION OF HEA
ON OF THE LENG
ON OF FREIGHT T
H OF FREIGHT TRA
H OF FREIGHT TRA
IL FREIGHT CORR
IGHT IN EUROPE
IGHT IN EUROPE
L BUSINESS MOD
ONAL OPERATION
ERATIONAL MOD
OF THE POTENTIA
AL EFFECT OF HIG
NSPORT (PASSEN
ON WORLD ECON
ON OF WORLD O
CONTAINER TRAD
ED CONTAINER F
L TYPOLOGY OF D
ON OF THE MAXI
YERS IN THE AIR C
CARGO AIRLINES
S MODEL ‐ INTEG
GO AIRPORTS 20
E ....................
NECKS AT THE WO
OK ‐ NEW PILOTS
NS AT THE WORL
......................
RIA .................
......................
ATIONSHIP ........
......................
......................
PRICE ..............
PMENT METHOD
F AIR CARGO GR
TO WORLD TRAD
CHINA ON 2011
EN SEA AND AIR
......................
BY ROAD (EU27
COUNTRY AND IT
RT BY EU HAULIE
T TRANSPORT BY
RT IN EUROPE ....
D FREIGHT ........
AVY GOOD VEHIC
TH TRANSPORT I
TRANSPORT BY M
ANSPORT BY MO
ANSPORT BY MO
RIDORS IN EUROP
BY COUNTRY, 2
BY COUNTRY, C
EL ...................
NAL MODEL FOR C
DEL FOR CROSS BO
AL HIGH SPEED RA
GH SPEED RAIL CA
NGER AND FREIG
NOMY, TRADE AN
OVERALL TRADE, 1
DE, 1990‐2011
FLOWS ON MAJO
DOOR‐TO‐DOOR
MUM CAPACITY
CARGO MARKET
S 20 ................
GRATOR ............
011 ................
......................
ORLD’S 30 LARGE
AND TECHNICIAN
LD’S 30 LARGEST
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
OLOGY ............
OWTH WITH GD
DE VOLUMES .....
1 ....................
R .....................
......................
EXCL. UK) .......
TS EVOLUTION, 2
ERS BY MACRO‐A
Y PARTNER COUN
......................
......................
CLES ................
NFRASTRUCTURE
ODE (EU27, BIL
DE (EU27, TKM
DE, 2005‐2009
PE ...................
010, BILLION TK
HANGE BETWEEN
......................
CROSS BORDER T
ORDER TRAFFIC .
AIL CONNECTION
ARGO IN THE BAL
HT) ................
ND SEABORNE FL
1075‐2011 ....
1 (TEU AND ANN
R EAST‐WEST RO
TRANSPORT CHA
OF A CONTAINER
T .....................
......................
......................
......................
......................
EST FREIGHT AIR
NS ..................
T AIRPORTS IN 20
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
DP DEVELOPMEN
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
2007‐2010 .....
AREA ...............
NTRIES .............
......................
......................
......................
ES IN EUROPE ...
LLION TKM) ......
M) ...................
9 (EU27, TKM)
......................
KM..................
N 2010 AND 20
......................
TRAFFIC ...........
......................
NS ...................
LTIC AREA ........
......................
LOWS, 1075‐20
......................
NUAL % CHANGE
OUTES, 1995‐2
AIN .................
R SHIP (THOUSAN
......................
......................
......................
......................
AIR C
.....................
PORTS IN 2007
.....................
007 ................
.....................
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NT ...................
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.....................
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.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
009, MILLION TKM
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
11 ................
.....................
) ...................
009 (TEU) .....
.....................
ND TEU) .........
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
CARGO TEC
......................
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GY ROADM
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MAP
.... 15
.... 16
.... 19
.... 21
.... 24
.... 25
.... 27
.... 28
.... 29
.... 29
.... 30
.... 30
.... 31
.... 32
.... 32
.... 33
.... 34
.... 35
.... 36
.... 37
.... 37
.... 38
.... 40
.... 42
.... 43
.... 47
.... 47
.... 48
.... 49
.... 49
.... 50
.... 50
.... 52
.... 53
.... 54
.... 55
.... 58
.... 59
.... 60
.... 60
.... 61
.... 61
.... 63
.... 65
.... 69
.... 70
.... 71
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
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FIGUR
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FIGUR
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FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
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FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
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FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
6
RE 48: AIR CARG
RE 49: COMMO
RE 50: VALUE DE
RE 51: DEVELOP
RE 52: TYPE OF G
RE 53: AIR FTKS
RE 54: IMPORT A
RE 55: AIRCRAFT
RE 56: AIR FREIG
RE 57: FLEET DE
RE 58: LARGEST
RE 59: AVERAGE
RE 60: COMPAR
RE 61: OVERVIEW
RE 62: COST OF
RE 63: COST PER
RE 64: PERFORM
RE 65: FREIGHTE
RE 66: AIRCRAFT
RE 67: AIRCRAFT
RE 68: 20 YEARS
RE 69: TRAFFIC G
RE 70: EA‐17 T
RE 71: EXTERNA
RE 72: INTRA‐EU
RE 73: DIVISION
RE 74: EXPRESS
RE 75: FREIGHTE
RE 76: FORCES A
RE 77: INFLUENC
RE 78: OVERVIEW
RE 79: TRANS‐E
RE 80: TRUCK FL
RE 81: COMPETI
RE 82: AIRPORT
RE 83: FUTURE W
RE 84: FLEET EX
RE 85: FORECAS
RE 86SHIFT OF A
RE 87: SHIFT OF
RE 88: SHIFT OF
RE 89: TUD FOR
RE 90: TONNAG
RE 91: TONNAG
RE 92: EU27 FR
RE 93: EU27 FR
RE 94: EUROPE’
RE 95: BASELINE
RE 96: LONG‐TE
GO PRODUCT CHA
DITY DENSITY ....
ENSITY ............
PMPENT IN AIR C
GOOD AND MAR
S AND WORLD T
AND EXPORT WIT
T TYPES ...........
GHT DIVISION ....
VELOPMENT ‐ C
FLEETS WIDE‐BO
E DISTANCES ON
RISION OF SHIPPIN
W OF STUDIES O
DIFFERENT TRAN
R KG FOR DIFFERE
MANCE VS. COSTS
ER AIRCRAFT FLEE
T DIVISION NEED
T DIVISION NEED
S FLEET GROWTH
GROWTH .........
RADE IN GOODS
AL EU‐27 TRANS
U27 TRANSPORT
N OF EXPRESS, MA
PARCEL SERVICE
ER DEMAND FOR
AND CONSTRAINT
CING FACTORS ..
W OF AIR FREIGH
EURASIA EXPRESS
LIGHTS IN EUROP
ITIVE RELATIONS
EXPANSION PLA
WIDE‐BODY FLEE
PANSION PLANS
ST 2011‐2030 B
AIR CRAGO GOOD
AIR CRAGO GOO
AIR CRAGO GOO
RECST ..............
E PER ROUTE FO
E OPPORTUNITY
REIGHT TRANSPO
REIGHT TRANSPO
S GLOBAL TRADE
E SCENARIO OF F
ERM FORECAST IN
ARACTERISTIC ...
......................
......................
RAGO GOODS IN
RKET SHARE .......
TRADE VOLUMES .
THIN CONTINENT
......................
......................
ONVERTED FREIG
ODY PASSENGERS
AIR CARGO .......
NG COSTS .........
N PRICE ELASTIC
NSPORT MOEDS ..
ENT TYPES OF GO
S ....................
ET COMPOSTION
ED FOR REPLACE
ED FOR REPLACE
H AND DEMAND ..
......................
BY TYPE OF GOO
SPORT OF GOODS
T OF GOODS BY M
AIL AND SCHEDU
S WITHIN EUROP
RECAST PROCESS .
TS FOR AIR CARG
......................
HT FORECASTS ...
S .....................
PE ...................
HIPS BETWEEN A
NS IN THE MIDD
ET DEVELOPMENT
OF MIDDLE EAS
BASED ON 3 SCEN
DS TILL 2030 .....
ODS TILL 2030 ...
OD TILL 2030 ....
......................
R THE TOP 40 TO
COMPARISION ..
RT BY MODE, 19
RT, HISTORICAL T
E LONG TERM GR
REIGHT TRANSPO
N 2000 AND 20
......................
......................
......................
THE FUTURE ....
......................
......................
TS ...................
......................
......................
GHTERS ............
S JETS ..............
......................
......................
ITY IN DEMAND F
......................
OODS ...............
......................
IN 2030 VS. 20
EMENT AND GROW
EMENT AND GROW
......................
......................
ODS, 2011, EURO
S BY MODE, 2010
MODE, 2010, BI
LED FREIGHTERS
PE ...................
......................
GO GROWTH ......
......................
......................
......................
......................
AIR FREIGHT TRAN
DLE EAST...........
TS ...................
T AIRLINES .......
NARIOS ............
......................
......................
......................
......................
ONNAGE ..........
......................
995‐2010, THO
TREND PROJECTI
OWTH RATES ....
ORT FOR EUROPE
10 .................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
FOR AIR FREIGHT
......................
......................
......................
011 ................
WTH MARKET ...
WTH MARKET ...
......................
......................
O BILLIONS .......
0, BILLION EURO
LLION TKM .......
S .....................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
NSPORT AND OTH
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
OUSANDS MIO TK
ON TO 2050, TH
......................
E, 2010‐2050,
......................
AIR C
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
T TRANSPORT ....
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
O ....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
HER TRANSPORT
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
M ..................
HOUSANDS MIO T
.....................
THOUSANDS MIO
.....................
CARGO TEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
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......................
......................
......................
MODES ...........
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
TKM AND AAG
......................
O TKM .............
......................
CHNOLOG
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
....ERROR! BOO
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
....ERROR! BOO
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
GR ..................
......................
......................
......................
GY ROADM
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
KMARK NOT DEF
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
KMARK NOT DEF
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
MAP
.... 72
.... 73
.... 73
.... 75
.... 76
.... 76
.... 77
.... 78
.... 78
.... 81
.... 81
.... 82
FINED.
.... 83
.... 84
.... 84
.... 86
.... 86
.... 87
.... 87
.... 88
.... 88
.. 101
.. 101
.. 102
.. 102
.. 103
.. 103
.. 104
.. 105
.. 105
.. 107
.. 108
.. 109
.. 110
.. 111
FINED.
.. 117
.. 117
.. 118
.. 118
.. 119
.. 119
.. 120
.. 121
.. 121
.. 122
.. 122
.. 123
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
FIGUR
7
RE 97: REPRESEN
RE 98: MARKET
RE 99: TOP 20 A
RE 100: THE AV
RE 101: W EIGH
RE 102: MARKE
RE 103: INFLUEN
RE 104: INFLUEN
RE 105: IATA E‐
RE 106: SMART
RE 107: CONCEP
RE 108: INTERCO
RE 109: MARKE
RE 110:DEVELO
RE 111: APPROA
RE 112: AIRBUS
RE 113: NEW AI
RE 114: NEW AI
RE 115: NEW GE
RE 116: OVERVI
RE 117: OVERVI
RE 118: PELICAN
RE 119: WIGE A
RE 120: VERY LA
RE 121: VERY EF
RE 122: VERY EF
RE 123: VERY EF
RE 124: SLOW F
RE 125: SUPERS
RE 126: HIPERSO
RE 127: MORPH
RE 128: JOINED
RE 129: SMALL
RE 130: LARGE M
RE 131: QUANT
RE 132: LARGE A
RE 133: NEW RE
RE 134: NEW RE
RE 135: TILT RO
RE 136: ADVAN
RE 137: FUTURE
RE 138: ADVAN
RE 139: ADVAN
RE 140: CESSNA
RE 141: UAS SY
RE 142: NOVEL
RE 143: EC ......
NTATION OF THE
SHARE OF AIR CA
AIR CARGO GROW
ERAGE CARGO D
HTED AVERAGE M
ET DEMAND VERS
NCE OF SOCIAL M
NCE OF 3D PRINT
‐FREIGHT .........
GATE CONCEPT A
PTUAL STUDIES B
ONTINENTAL CAR
ET OUTLOOK FOR
OPMENTS I AIRCRA
ACHING LIMITS A
S AND BOEING AI
IRCRAFT TYPES ..
IRCRAFT TYPES ..
ENERATION OF M
IEW OF EU SCEN
IEW OF EU SCEN
N AIRCRAFT (BOE
AIRCRAFT CONCE
ARGE SUBSONIC A
FFICIENT SUBSON
FFICIENT SUBSON
FFICIENT SUBSON
FLYING SUBSONIC
SONIC CARGO AIR
ONIC CARGO AIR
HING AIRCRAFT S
SMALL AIRCRAFT
LONG HAUL AIRC
MEDIUM HAUL A
TITATIVE ASSESSM
AIRSHIP ...........
EGIONAL AIRCRA
EGIONAL AIRCRA
OTOR AIRCRAFT W
CED FAST ROTOR
E AUTOGYRO PLA
CED SMALL AIRC
CED SMALL AIRC
A CARAVAN ......
YSTEMS ............
AIR CONTAINERS
......................
E CALCULATION S
ARGO BY ECONO
WTH PREDICTION
ENSITY IN THE TO
MASS DENSITY FO
SUS DISTANCE ....
MEDIA ..............
TING ...............
......................
AT SCHIPOL AIRP
BY BOEING AND A
RGO FLOWS FOR
2035 .............
AFT DESIGN IN 2
ACCORDING TO R
RCRAFT FAMILIY
......................
......................
MEDIUM‐ AND SH
NARION IN REGAR
NARION IN REGAR
EING) ..............
EPTS ................
AIRCRAFT CONCE
NIC AIRCRAFT .....
NIC AIRCRAFT CO
NIC AIRCRAFT CO
C AIRCRAFT CONC
RCRAFT CONCEPT
RCRAFT .............
UITABLE FOR FOR
T CONCEPTS ......
CRAFT CONCEPTS
AIRCRAFT CONCE
MENT ‐ LARGE M
......................
AFT WITH A PAYLO
AFT WITH A PAYLO
WITH A CAPACITY
RCRAFT ............
ANES ................
RAFT USING THE
RAFT ...............
......................
......................
S .....................
......................
TEPS TO ARRIVE
MIC REGION IN 2
NS ...................
OP 10 ECONOMI
R TOP 20 CARGO
......................
......................
......................
......................
PORT ...............
AIRBUS ............
2011 AND FOR
......................
009 ...............
ROLLS ROYCE .....
.....................
......................
......................
HORT‐HAUL AIRC
RD PROJECTS .....
RD PROJECTS .....
......................
......................
EPTS ................
......................
NCEPTS ...........
NCEPTS ...........
CEPTS ..............
TS ...................
......................
RMATION FLIGHT
......................
S .....................
PTS .................
EDIUM HAUL AIR
......................
OAD OF 50 TONS
OAD OF 50 TONS
OF 20 TONS ....
......................
......................
FAN‐WING CON
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
AT A CITY‐PAIR D
2012 (AIRBUS, 2
......................
C MARKETS OF 2
O FLOWS ..........
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
2030 ............
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
CRAFTS .............
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
T ....................
......................
......................
......................
RCRAFT ............
......................
S ....................
S ....................
......................
......................
......................
NCEPT ..............
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
AIR C
DETAIL LEVEL ....
2012) ............
.....................
2035 ..............
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
CARGO TEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
CHNOLOG
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
GY ROADM
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
MAP
.. 123
.. 124
.. 124
.. 126
.. 126
.. 127
.. 127
.. 128
.. 129
.. 130
.. 134
.. 136
.. 137
.. 138
.. 139
.. 139
.. 140
.. 140
.. 141
.. 146
.. 147
.. 154
.. 154
.. 156
.. 157
.. 157
.. 158
.. 160
.. 161
.. 162
.. 163
.. 164
.. 166
.. 167
.. 167
.. 168
.. 169
.. 170
.. 171
.. 173
.. 173
.. 174
.. 176
.. 177
.. 178
.. 181
.. 194
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
TABL
8
List of tabl
E 1: TOP 10 LAN
E 2:OPERATING
E 3: MAIN CONT
E 4: TIME SENSIT
E 5: PRICE SENSI
E 6: SUMMARY O
E 7: SUMMARY O
E 8: SUMMARY O
E 9: EU‐27 TRA
E 10: OVERVIEW
les:
ND OPERATORS IN
COSTS OF ROAD
TAINER SHIPPING
TIVY OF GOODS .
ITIVY OF GOODS
OF CONCLUSION
OF CONCLUSION
OF CONCLUSION
ADE IN GOODS BY
W OF MAIN AIRPO
N EUROPE (ROAD
FREIGHT TRANSP
G COMPANIES (20
......................
......................
S RELATED TO NO
S RELATED TO TH
S RELATED TO TH
Y PARTNER, 2011
ORTS PER REGION
D + RAIL) IN 200
PORT: % OF TOT
011) ..............
......................
......................
OVEL SLOW FLYIN
HE PROPOSED NO
HE LOCATION OF
1, EURO MILLION
N ....................
09 ..................
TAL, BY COUNTRY
......................
......................
......................
NG AIRCRAFT LON
OVEL AIR CONTAI
AIRPORTS: FOCU
NS ..................
......................
AIR C
.....................
Y ....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
NG HAUL AIRCRA
NERS ..............
US ON HUB’S ...
.....................
.....................
CARGO TEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
AFT ..................
......................
......................
......................
......................
CHNOLOG
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
GY ROADM
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
MAP
.... 39
.... 39
.... 62
.... 85
.... 85
.... 96
.... 96
.... 97
.. 100
.. 125
1
9
Executive
Main goals
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3
12
Acronyms
AEA
ATO
ATM
BL
BWB
DOC
EU
FF Formati
FTK
GDP
HTA
HULA
IOC
ISECOM
ILA
JIT
LAAS
LP
LTA
LCC
MTOW
MZFW
nm
OEM
OPAM
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RCF
RTD&I
SCI
STOL
s
European A
Air Transpo
Air Traffic
Base Line
Blended W
Direct Oper
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ion Flyer
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Gross Dom
heavier‐tha
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Just In Tim
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step‐change
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CARGO TECCHNOLOGGY ROADMMAP
13
SR
SWIM
TAT
TVF
VL
VTOL
UAV
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Max Maxim
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4
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14
Introducti
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investigate challenges study the coperations; define new identify the
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Major elemto be achieflying and/Indirect Opspeed), crewin low acqu
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All these pdesign.
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31
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32
( Note: Dutransport veair transporthan air tran
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33
What must cargo offertransport. A
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China is cualso develoissues is tra
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Cargo Tra
Road traAt the Eurothe most coinfrastructucrisis), roadaccounted fcrisis was erail transpo
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ure 18: Evoluti
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freight transks especiallher modal n
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The country
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Figure 19:
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39
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Table 1
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40
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Figure 23:
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41
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All these evolution oand therefofreight tran
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42
In contrast,transport invehicles. DarrangemenObviously, so the fleet
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, as shown n the EU revDespite the nts in the E
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Figure 24:Age
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43
While infraincreased sadditional lin the compNetworks olinks thank
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Figure 25: E
ength does at road capry common “network l
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45
The evolutioperationalstorage andtools.
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46
to reach andirective seemissions apeak times,is used for i
The regulatransport, bincrease monecessary. T2014, is exp
The EU rulrules prescruniform cooperators’ p
Enforcemendifferencesseen as univhours reguworking timexceed 10 hbreak of at reduce theiroad compe
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ollution as s an extra toin alternativ
en by envirad freight tro fuel ineffied Euro-VI
educe emiss
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tem which for a morewell. Eurovoll charge ive routes.
ronmental ransport is ciency, with
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s goods liketype-approve transport
ty of each t, but it is ie European . Since 200
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9.2 Rail transport The figure shows the evolution of freight transport in Europe by all modes.
Figure 26:Evolution of freight transport by mode (EU27, billion tkm)
Source: Eurostat
The evidence is that rail freight transport has mostly been flat. In 1995, 386 billion tkm were carried by rail, and in 2005 the traffic was equal to 414 billion tkm. This represents an overall +7% growth in a ten year span; in the same period overall freight transport grew by +29%, road freight transport grew by +39%, sea transport by +27%, and IWW (Inland Waterway) transport by 14%.
Figure 27: Growth of freight transport by mode (EU27, tkm)
Source: consortium elaborations on Eurostat data
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
EU27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport1995 - 2009
billion tonne-kilometres
Road Sea Rail Inland Waterway Pipeline Air
139%
129%
127%
114%
107%
129%
100% 105% 110% 115% 120% 125% 130% 135% 140% 145%
Road
Air
Sea
IWW
Rail
TOTAL
48
Since 2005shift (especadverse effe
Growth of f
As shown putting it acrisis, so th
Rail freightinfrastructu
the rail frecially in termfects on serv
freight trans
in the figurat the top ofhat the moda
t traffic is oure, which is
Rail
Road
Air
Sea
IWW
TOTAL
eight sector ms of comp
vice quality.
sport by mo
Figure 28: G
S
re above, thf the fastestal split is no
obviously cs far less di
0% 1%
r
started to inpetitiveness.
ode, 2005-2
Growth of freig
Source: consort
he change ogrowing fr
ow hardly gr
onstrained, ffused than
2% 3%
ncrease, a cs), and incre
009 (EU27
ght transport b
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in terms ofthe road ne
5%
5%
4% 5%
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, tkm)
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ought aboutport modes % in 2009 v
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6% 7%
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ented growt, only to be’s 47%).
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49
The map abfact, Germathe fastest g
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Figure 3
Figure 29:Mai
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30: Rail freight
in rail freight c
Source: ERIM
in corridorsst amount o
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t in Europe by
Source: Euro
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corridors in Eu
M, 2007
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ostat
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ight transpoht transportw.
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50
Germany, Pcountries inexperiencedat -6,7%.
Business m
The generaresponsiblesome instanconventionare carried
The typicaloading unimost comm
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Poland, Fran terms of d double-di
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al business me for either nces) or theal rail and ialong the w
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31: Rail freigh
ance, Swedrail freightgit growth r
model of raithe termina
e larger parintermodal l
whole door-t
units of intemoved betweing:
can be move
ht in Europe by
den, Austriat transport, rates in 201
il operationsal-to-terminrt of the tranlies in the tyto-door via
Figure 3
ermodal traween differe
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y Country, cha
Source: Euro
a and Italy, and of them
10, with Ital
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32: General bu
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CHNOLOG
, million tkm
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andardised. nloading the
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ortant Europnd Austria hcreasing ma
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pean have arket
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51
Swap
Intermprovidless usfield otrailer
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ht Forwardorganises tuments or l
chieve the btransport my, the Freigonly acting eir own tranthe chain as, who are
s and drive
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trailers (roaopportunitietransport thility of semiodal transpo
e also an inhape, strengck them in tr
e beyond wh on some -300 km. Tht costs, termed if the londe, thus reddependent fe fixed parea-rail), theance all-roa
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ns of actors,onsidering therminal oper
der, while nthe transporletters of cr
best possiblemodes and ght Forwaras an interm
nsportation and buy oth
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ntermodal ungths and siransport me
which intermhigh-densit
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mes of transheans to anot
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not necessarrt and handredit. He hae transport cthe arrange
rders originmediary, massets, evo
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while in mout differeners and swahis can be s
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CHNOLOG
lexible piectransports, sarmonisationdition for t
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e of equipmsemi-trailersn need is inthe use of s
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figure of ams declaratir the premisponsible fo
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52
- Rail opcompan
Lack o
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The ge
There are athe possiblfollows:
More elines isEurope.infrastrucongestand Eacapacitysafety sthat cas
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The main pdifferent patrains were
2 SPECTRUM,
perators werny negotiati
of competiti
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eneral probl
a number ofe future ev
efficient use increasing. Passengeucture oftetion on the ast Europeay. In any casystem suchse better and
aces betweelly true fo
ment which han 50% of here was onf one count
work at a bl RU of thk (see Figur
problems ofarties involve different,
Deliverable 1
re still largons regardin
ive pressure
e capacity anger and co
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rail networan railway ase, existingh as ERTMd more dedi
en the operr the Euroare becomi
f all rail freine national rtry collectedborder statiohe second cre below).
Figure 33
f this traditived in the pso a high
1.1 Logistics M
gely nationang through
e to reduce c
and quality ombined tran
nical harmo
the rail freif the sector.
g infrastrurly around t is generabe expanderk. As regamarket offeg railway inS would beicated transp
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3: Traditional
ional modelprocess. Thdegree of p
Market Analysi
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costs and im
of infrastrucnsport freig
onization, w
ight transpo. The EC f
ucture: The the big raially given ed rapidly. arding the afers more pnfrastructure widely intport solutio
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plicated arraies;
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cularly regaon internati
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hat are relevECTRUM p
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The wagons RU to the d
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angements
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, which origional Railwm different s were handdifferent des
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requiring in
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he main railcase in West. The raile, there is city, the Cenview of railor example,will increase
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ion betweenand dispatcferent RUs
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nter-
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.
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and
53
infrastructuoften not wor not at astations awproductive.
Current opeare increasithe neighbotrains connand don’t st
New operat
Increasdenselycharacterequiremless heproblemspeeds stoppinfreight stoppinpassingdepartuprocesshave a General
ure manageworking at thall. This leawaiting instr.
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tional mode
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models help a new oper
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Figur
sity to integworks for m
passenger assenger an
lines, the eavily usedlly faster) loof regional tave no interer services. problem is ight train dsary waitingtable and s
al solution f
was necessalevel. Trainional costs d authority
to avoid thrational modllected at myards. Thesn. The next
border traff
re 34: New ope
grate passemixed traff
and freighnd freight tr
common ud main linesong distanctrains callinrmediate stoIn most cathat freigh
depends on g times becshould stickfor these pr
ary. In pracn delays and
because trato move a
hese problemdel of direcmarshalling e trains are t figure show
fic
erational mode
Source: Raili
enger and fic face opeht transporransport on use of passs this can poce passengeng all/many ops or be quases freightht trains ne
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ould be the
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ommunicatioons were ofnd locomoting on the a
uropean andder trains. Inhin the counuipped withrational mod
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a result of inve to wait wexible timethe need onger trains.ake the cuseffective se
CHNOLOG
on and cooften commuives had toamount of
d North Amn this mode
untries. Direh interoperabdel.
pecially witsulting fromration and ture are verins is norm
ain problemains, but alpreferable fonteraction wwhile passeetables, becof the shipp. Whereas pstomer an eparation of
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ordination wunicated too wait at botime they w
merican railwel the wagonect cross-boble locomot
thin Europem the diffe
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so the diffeor long distwith regionaenger trainscause the acper, the loapassenger trattractive of passenger
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were o late order were
ways ns of order tives
e the erent The
t. On a big erent erent ance al or s are ctual
ading rains offer. r and
54
freight requiredslots caof passe
IncreastelematgrowingIn majoneeds splannedidentifiethe infrsuitable
High-spCarex ccarry aicompethigh-spconnectplans ofollowe
At the recenspeed rail cThe figure transport isabout 20 dalonger at 37
on differentd. For freigh
an be used fenger and fr
sed use of tics applicag. One veryor projects should be dd new infraed and the rastructure e for the actu
peed Systeconcept is tirfreight paitive. This
peed trains ted to high-f integrator
ed by less ur
nt Air Balticonnections
shows the s about 2500ays. The Se7 days and w
t lines. Thisht trains the
flexibly for reight trains
telematics ations and sy important of new con
defined andastructure. Winfrastructushould be rual operatio
ems. High-sthat inter u
allets and cowould invowherever
-speed rail lrs, with priorgent air car
c conferencon air cargcost of tran
00$ and theea shipping would cost
Figure
s is often noere could befreight trains can best be
applicationsoftware soitem is the
nstruction ad an operatWith this pure can be dre-planned.on after upg
speed freighurban rail trontainers ovolve: (1) a competitiv
links and (3ority given rgo freight.
ce held in Kgo was shownsporeting e total trip le
costs about7500$.
35: impact of
ot possible. e several frens if necesse accommo
ns and planolutions in e ex-ante simand upgradtional conc
procedure, tdesigned an Without s
grading.
ht trains maransport by ver distance"modal shi
ve (2) the 3) services to express
Katowice onwn for the Ba 40 feet cength is abo
ut 2500$ but
the potential h
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In these caeight prioritary. With th
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the real neend sized cosuch a simu
ay be compusing the
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23 of AprilBaltic regionontainer frout 5 days. t takes som
high speed rail
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ases, a morey slots distrhis solution
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major railwinfrastructube develop
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petitive towEuropean h
een 300 anducks and shy of airporsuit the logorder to gu
l 2013 the imns. (Anatoli rom China Trucking w
me 28 days.
l connections
CHNOLOG
e flexible opributed over
n the differin
ftware. Theother indu
way infrastrure, the futped and simnew infras
ter this ex-ainfrastructu
wards some high-speed d 800 kilomhort-/mid-rrt-based ai
gistics chainuarantee nex
mpact of th Beifert), seto Europe.
would cost 1The train w
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peration is or the day. Tng requirem
e importancustries, stearucture projture operatimulated on
structure canante simulaure is often
airfreight. rail networ
metres coulange aircrar/rail termi
ns and transxt-day deliv
he potential ee figure beThe cost o
10000$ but would take e
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often These ments
ce of adily ects. ional n the n be tion,
n not
The rk to d be
aft to inals sport very,
high elow. of air
take even
55
The next fig
Rail could deliver goomentioned destination)
Promotbeen hiapproachas beelevel) aof the ttranspormarkets
The concepreplaced byaddress therail operatoon lines thathat transposervice prov
This is essetowards theinternationa
The Regulaentered intomarket-orie
gure shows
become a rods within that some t)
tion of dedistorically cch. Since 20en explored and partly ofthree key art into inters.
pt of a Dedy the conce
e requiremenors. This sysat cater alsoort time-senvided by th
ential to ene creation oal freight-or
ation concero force on 9ented Rail F
the potenti
Figure 36:
real competi2 weeks
trains runni
dicated raiconceived an001 (with thin order to
f mixed trafactions envirnal market
dicated Freept of a “Ent of a morestem still eno for passennsitive goode infrastruc
nable them of a rail netwriented “cor
rning a Euro9 NovemberFreight Corr
al effect of
: potential effe
itor to air trtime. ( Hong between
il freight cond planned he Commiss develop a ffic lines. Tisaged in ths, and the o
eight NetwoEuropean rae efficient pnvisages an nger traffic, ds, in order tture.
to gain in cwork givingrridors” - at
opean Rail Nr 2010. The ridors to me
high speed
ect of high spee
ransport onowever then Europe an
orridors. Td according sion’s Whitnetwork m
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ork consistiail network provision of
appropriateby introducto allow pri
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eet three cha
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eness with ro freight, incn each EU M
or Competitn requests Mallenges con
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between Ch
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together we of infrastr
rnational cotitive freighthe rail infrof freight tr
ncept of “prht trains to h
respect to trcluding the Member Sta
ive Freight Member Statncerning:
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hina and Eur
ea
haul routes. Cargomap pear and ne
European raapproach” ad Freight Ned lines (at tht Network with the intructures by
orridors hasht”, conceiv
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ate by 2012
(Regulationte to establi
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ail networkand a “netwetwork” conhe internatiwas indeed
tegration ofopening up
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n EC 913/2ish internati
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could also their
k has work” ncept ional d one f rail p the
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56
The EurManage
A balancapacitytargets f
The inmanag
IT crotranspshift frlogistimodesthroug
Moreover, cooperationconsignmen
The adoptioof train han
AllianallianccustomtrafficThe alGreeninternatrain trsuch arailwacommwithin
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ropean inteers on inves
nce betweeny and priorfor freight t
ntermodalitygement and
oss-border port servicesfrom "modeics real-times, which shghout EU.
the currenn between nt very unce
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n Cargo, Raiational wagransport or as customeray undertak
mit to maintn the allianc
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of large Ranies are nosary adminito new opertakings are lant or faci
operations. S
gration of rstment and t
n freight anrity for freitrains are m
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nt status ofRUs, vast
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r liaison andkings, who taining the ce.
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ments despitarge numbernitalia CargRU that mot known foistrative, orrators in bomicro-operlity), offer Some rail fr
rail infrastrutraffic mana
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nagement. and more
ort" to "Intelormation onirregularitie
f cross-borly increasehindering th
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n Europe, affic and aiment. The allly, thus helhe followin
ustria, SBB ffic betweentransport usd pricing, rcontinue tohigh stand
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go and Greemight survivor being verrganizationa
oth the domerations basespecific ser
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er traffic alwith mark
er transport
The develoon the availligent Trann transport es, as this
rder rail fres the risk the attractiv
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ng co-operat
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For examponal wagonase the comhe roads andCargo, CFListics. Xrailors. The allicommercialonsibility oanother. Hoervice for
market is ekings (still adopt the reSchenker, Res that beloe market. Mor example hforms requmarkets. Mcation or genting in pubarty contract
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tion betwee
Corridors, gg that comm
terminals i
e and attractols that aim eseen by theial, especialmost rail f
e to the lathe lead ti
d towards th
ple, Xrail inload traffi
mpetitivenesnd protect thL cargo, DBl addresses tiance is notl part of wa
of each of thowever, allthe custom
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eform packaRail Cargo Aong at preseMost of thhas been sl
uired and isMany of the geographicalblic rail yart traction se
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en Infrastruc
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e EC. In todlly for transfreight serv
ack of diffuime for fre
he simplifica
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the operatiot targeting bagonload trahe participal Xrail part
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cture
quate uality
ridor
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fused eight
ation
ction more nload ment. Rail, on of block affic, ating tners fined
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NCF, elect
mbent pt the arket lway nting
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57
line hapackagnationwhichundertconsolprivateto opeoperat
Energmost eincreaRailwhand tother designpossibi) Tradriver like ad
aul and havges. The pl
nal regulatorh can consttakings of lidation fore ownershiperations andtions to low
gy efficient energy efficasingly impoay Undertathere is an emissions
ning more bility is moraining progr
the best timdvice system
e complied laying fieldrs and the intrain the nvarying ty
r financial ap is a potend manpowe
wer cost oper
driving. Tcient modesortant issue
akings (RU)increasing pout of ecolenergy eff
re energy eframs for drme for accems for drive
with rules gd is not yetncumbents snew compeypes and cand competntial future er comparedrators.
he costs fors of transpore and the r) in order topressure to logical reasficient vehfficient drivrivers (theoeleration aners or energy
governing tt completelstill retain setitors. Thecapabilities titive reasodevelopmend with the
r energy arert are hit by
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this activityly level dessignificant be emergenc
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and the bes
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now allowspite the gobehind the sce of new that there
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ncreasing. Eopment. Enonsumption come more ases to saveto reduce eient propulays to realizii) Special
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CHNOLOG
wed as a resuood officesscenes powe
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f regional ot their freedy be willin
Even railwaynergy costs n increasing
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ult of the ref of the varer and influowned rail
be roundoperators udoms in relang to cede
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form rious ence lway s of
under ation such
f the re an us of other duce s by other ving: g the vices
58
FFigure 37: Raill transport (Pa
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assenger and fr
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reight)
CHNOLOGGY ROADM
MAP
9.3 MaritimTraffic
More than transport intransport m
This figure
The figuremaritime trdemand in equal in 20
The evolutifollowing f
Exports froa remarkab2009, +14.of such upsand +27.1%
me transpor
80% of wn terms of
modes are ov
shows the l
e clearly shraffic. In lin2010, grow
10 to 8.4 bi
ion of overafigure.
om the EU eble bounce i1% in 2010swing: Japa
% (China) in
t
world merchcompetitio
verlapping,
long-run ev
Figure 38: Ev
hows the cne with the wing by an illion tons.
all trade in
experiencedin 2010 (+1
0. The chart an and Chinn terms of im
handise tradn with londespite bein
volution of w
volution world
So
close relatioeconomic estimated
Europe (EU
d a strong de18.2%). A s
also allowsna grew as mmport.
de is transpng haul air ng mostly d
world econo
economy, trad
ource: UNCTA
on betweenevolution, w7% at the
U) during th
ecline in 20similar evols to point omuch as so
ported by scargo sinc
diverging in
omy, world
de and seaborn
AD, 2011
n macroecoworld seaboglobal leve
he years of
009 (-14.7%lution was rut what geo
ome +28% i
sea. It is the the geogrterms of co
trade, and g
ne flows, 1075-
onomic indorne trade eel. Total go
crisis (2008
%), but – simrecorded foographical ain terms of
he most relraphical ran
ommodity ty
global seabo
-2011
dicators (GDexperienced
oods loaded
8-2010) is i
milarly to thor EU’s impareas have b
f export, and
levant modnge of the ype.
orne trade.
DP, trade) d an upswind worldwide
llustrated in
he global traports: -14.8%been the drid +10% (Ja
de of two
and ng in e are
n the
ade – % in ivers
apan)
60
The previotraffic is thoil and provalue/densi
ous chart shhe most releoducts) havity ratio.
Figu
hows the grvant type o
ve a far les
Figure 40: Gl
ure 39: Evolut
So
rowth (arouf cargo for
ss potential
lobal container
So
tion of world o
ource: UNCTA
und 10% anthis study, of attractiv
r trade, 1990-2
ource: UNCTA
AIR C
overall trade, 1
AD, 2011
nnually) forsince all otveness for
2011 (TEU and
AD, 2011
CARGO TEC
075-2011
r container ther types oair cargo b
d annual % cha
CHNOLOG
traffic globof cargo (drybecause of
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bally. Contay bulk, or ctheir very
MAP
ainer crude
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61
Estimated c
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Europe’s immillion TEU2007 the lathe Pacific 2010 the Fa
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1
1
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container flo
Figu
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orth America
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est routes, 1
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2001 2002
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2003 2004
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TEU)
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world, with America. U
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13.3 Until er in
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62
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Rank C
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are carried y are stored ination seapge to its des
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ontainer shipp
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63
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2014 140 n
ure 43: Evolut
brining reeed to improoading/unlon.
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hange is ofeconomic siber of areas– mainly so
9.20
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ship is grorew to 1477new ships of
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total numbm 2009. Besnerates a nug costs becasecurity equ
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9.45
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ximum capacit
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ber of attemsides the obumber of aause of theuipment and
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12.51
2007
AIR C
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ty of a containe
cconi, 2011
for world al endowmerder not to b
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12.51
2008
CARGO TEC
gest vesselse 2005 98 sdelivered.
er ship (thousa
seaports. Aent in orderbecome cap
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rom globalompared to rospects of
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13.80
2009
CHNOLOG
s were ableships of 100
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e to carry u000+ TEU h
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18.00
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MAP
up to have
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489 s and igher most
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64
AIR CCARGO TECCHNOLOGGY ROADM
MAP
9.4
9.4.
Air Carg
1 Air CarOverview
It is importoperating sycarriers, inservice proveach profesenvironmenservice fromalso becom
integrated
The Industr
1. Ship
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tant to poinystem is ch
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ming expecte
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hippers maiassets are im
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r cargo induby a netwo
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Figure
dustry extenork of relati
warders, cussport networ
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ce: Kasarda et
he air cargo This functort compan
omer satisfahipper is al
44: Key Playe
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t al. (2004),
o chain. Hition may b
ny.
action (the so the manu
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yond air carmong carrieruppliers, massions is preurvival. Monked, charrport. And,ative that al
is or her robe executed
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rriers. The grs, brokers, anufactureresented in thoreover, todracterized b, time-definll key playe
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and limitinan additiona
global air chandlers, m
rs and logihe figure beday’s air c
by door-to-nite servicesrs operate in
t in motionanufacturer,
ng the lengtal objective
cargo motor istics elow, cargo door s are n an
n the , the
th of is to
66
concenlines,
- Key Is
To achmanufcontinmonito
Key issueslogistics ser
ntrate on thdelivery an
ssues
hieve thesefacturer to tnuous feedbor the progr
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and developin addition t
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tract shippiadded servic
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67
2. Forw
For the purof shipping
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ow governeers on their
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MAP
ation
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.
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68
3. Airl
Airlines whcustomer sa
- Main
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Key stand
lines
hether passeatisfaction i
n objectives
erms of protioning thembelly freigh
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s
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y strive to od shippers th
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MAP
That
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69
4. Air
Integrators integrate bo
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Figure 4
Source:
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s are centree immobiliz
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45: Top 25 Car
DLR and IAT
oor express s within the
ed upon achzed.
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TA CASS Data
services we air cargo c
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similar to ut also incl
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l shipper sa
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MAP
They
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70
5. Airp
The airportin communfunction ispassengers.
In the case delays or eobligation tservices crucarriers, thehealth of th
Air carriersOnly the aimust assum
New problattention onnew and gr
ports
t role movesnity growths key to p. In this inst
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s away fromh, economicparticipationtance, the ai
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rders are ofsingle-mind
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Figure 46
m its essentic developmn in globalirport plays
l airlines can. Airports hspokespers
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6: Business mod
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artered elset in local prnsibility.
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actor cargo e of
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71
- Main
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become a cestic centres s, and regielopment, quviding for in
issues
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Figure 4
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ing the econcarrier termntres. Airpvice, and pro
e security, d growth, an
47: Top cargo A
DLR and IAT
AIR C
nomic intereminals, freighports must ovide adequ
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Airports 2011
TA CASS Data
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est of its reght forwardecontribute
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CHNOLOG
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adequate c
MAP
ovide tors’ omic ell as
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9.4.
72
2 Air CarIn general, onto a plan
Due to thecommerciais a key fac
High-valuequantities arisks and tiUSD/kg or higher thouprice/weighinvestigatioFederal Min
In the case costs accouproportion Higher-valucompared t
rgo goods goods of ae in terms o
e performal goods are
ctor.
e goods are and consignie up signifmore are su
ugh. An evaht ratio of 9ons commisnistry of Tr
of higher-vunt for an afor bulk c
ue goods ato other mod
any kind canof their size
ance and cparticularly
highly suinment sizesficant amounuitable for aaluation of 97 to 139 Ussioned as pransport, Bu
value goodsaverage of commoditiesare therefordes of transp
n be transpoand weight
Figure 48: A
cost featurey suitable a
table for ais, have highnts of capitair freight. foreign tra
USD/kg. IApart of the
uilding and U
s such as of1.3% to 1.5s like ores re also mucport.
orted by airt).
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Source KL
es of air fs air freight
ir freight bh security rtal. CompanThe actual
ade statisticsATA analyse
forecast ofUrban Deve
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freight trant: Industrial
ecause theyrequirementnies such asaverage airs for the Ues confirm f Germany-elopment (B
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it is physic
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ble to load t
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ts, the transin contrast
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o the y the
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73
Over 80% obased freigand are veris around 1
10
20
30
40
50
60
Mass Density (kg/m
3)
££££
£1£1£1£1
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of the freighght volume ry dependen50 to 200kg
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
‐ Fish, Live
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als, Live
£0.00£200.00£400.00£600.00£800.001,000.001,200.001,400.001,600.00
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Value
nsported by15%. The dutes and ma
Figur
Fig
‐ Aerospace
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Comm Dangerous Goods (DGR)
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Density
y air are lighdensities of arkets cons
re 49: Commod
gure 50: Value
Source TU D
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Comm
modity D
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hf
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s
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mmodity
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MAP
ight-rably metre
74
The tendentransportatiattractive an
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Businesses overall sendfreight to tWhen compproportion.of air freigGroup’s gloGroup transto around 5compared t
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ncy in receion requiremnd thus has
rally speakinsists of cus, supply botir marketinis.
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ght transportobal freightsported 22,5,000K EURto sea transp
onics indusd goods com
and integrhigh costs bnd they havast are gennd unexpect
mical industysical durabue. Exampleese products, such as co
the previouand regularolume fluctu
l group of gket segmenwhich ofte
ch as horsesle proportioouth AfricaPeru) to No
ent years toments and an effect on
ng, the air fstomers forttlenecks or
ng and sale
in the autocipients of aplacement e total transpthe total trat is also inct flows in s808t of gooR or 220 fuport is, how
stry is anotmprise a varirated circuitbecause theve a very hinerally trantedly high d
try and plasbility, have ses include mts are classeombined lo
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goods is the nt are of gren leave air s and chick
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owards highgoods withn the deman
freight markr whom airr repair situas strategies
mobile, maair freight. Tand supplieport volume
ade volume creasing. Osea containeods (a volumully loaded
wever, only 3
ther importaiety of prodts. Air freig
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h-value, urgh a high vond for air fr
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achine, planThe automoer parts or, e, these indof these ind
One exampleer transportme of 136,0
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ant industryducts such aght transpoe very short
weight or vasea. Only
m reasons fo
ssing, the gosportation r
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air freightequipment, facturers ofd therefore qertainment elue productight option.
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re 51: Develop
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n affinity toe industriesfreight tran
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76
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Total Air CIATA) show
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n imbalance inefficiencieAmerica. Thximately 20%
K has not reFTK’s versu
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Figure 53: Air
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Figure 5
om the ecorld trade.
r FTKs and W
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2: Type of goo
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9.4.
77
3 Air CarAir cargo is
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Passen
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nger aircraft
i aircraft
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ft different ai
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ft carrying b
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d from milit
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inents
CHNOLOGGY ROADM
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78
The divisioaircraft is sthe time at
on between fshown belowwhich cargo
freight carriw. The latteo aircraft op
Fig
Sou
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Figur
gure 55: Aircra
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freighter airre not ideallually on a c
re 56: Air freig
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aft types
Antonov
rcraft and frly scheduled
cheap time s
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reight carried for cargo slot.
CHNOLOG
ed in the bel movement
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lly of passets. For exam
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enger mple,
79
Military pumilitary vertransport. O
The purpos
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CHNOLOG
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ted freighte00s, B-777 as and the macdonald Doumodel replacload of 84 to
this segmead: 5.5 tonn
737, MD 80
commercial3,700km.
shin, the Looad is about
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0, Fokker 50
l freighter a
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is the divisirectly a part e and Spaceyload of 64
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nge is aroun11F is deriv10. Some pa maximum
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CHNOLOG
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81
Fi
Fi
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igure 58: Larg
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Source KL
gest fleets wide
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- Converted fr
LM
e-body passeng
LM
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9.4.Lon
82
4 Cost Cong haul cost
The majorit
It is not easthe metrics transport.
One good adoor cost oA). In Figu
omparisont comparis
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sy to compadiffer and
analysis waof shipmentsure 60 the re
n (long/medon
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are the cost cost compa
s found on s from Africesulting com
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Figure 59: A
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Figure 60:
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ATA in 2006me weight anted.
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CHNOLOG
g and long hof warehou
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go as nland
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83
Compared elasticity ofof these pri
Although thstill provideso much a proutes, for e
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Wan(198
Tallz-M(198
Oum(199
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The relativeis partly duto the gooda short pericosts of tyiwhich all d
to passengef demand. Tice elasticiti
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ng et al. 81)
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88)
m et al. 90)
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Standar
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ure 61: Overvie
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or air freighbeing little prgency and There are f
ital during the choice
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ed airline
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airlines
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rd freight
s freight
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ht services rpotential to physical nafinally also the transpoof transpor
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ted studies ons which a
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1977
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2006):
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CHNOLOG
which deaare about th
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Price elastidemand
-2.33 to -2.5
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-1.47 to -1.6
-1.318
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t transport
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50
84
60
60
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Figure 62: C
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Figure 63: cost
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the tradingce on the bpict the totied.
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CHNOLOG
an objective analysis of
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f different tents per ton
gure 63.
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decision onf all the sert with diffe
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ts
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5: Price sensit
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medium hauables 4 and
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0.25–0.5
0.50–1.00
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0.75–1.5
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2.00–4.00
2.00–4.00
2.00–4.00
tivy of goods
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0.70-1.10
0.50-0.70
1.00-1.90
0.70-1.00
0.50-1.30
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0.10-1.20
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tivy of goods
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ul transport5 below.
time (Euro*
0
5
0
0
0
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ticity range
CHNOLOG
t based on
*ton*hr)
e
GY ROADM
price and
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time
9.4.
86
In Figure 6mode is cle
5 World According freighter air
64 the perfoearly showin
fleet of dedto the markrcraft. Airbu
ormance verng a much h
dicated freiket forecast us predicts
Figure
Figure
rsus costs fohigher perfo
ighter 2012 by Ba substantia
65: freighter a
e 64: Performa
for the differormance eve
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ance vs. costs
rent transpoen though th
Airbus, thern number of
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2030 vs. 2011
CHNOLOG
s shown. Thigher.
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he Air ship
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pping
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87
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ircraft neede7.
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Figure 67: A
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Aircraft divisio
Aircraft divisio
replacement
on needed for r
on needed for r
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t and growt
replacement an
replacement an
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th market is
nd growth mar
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CHNOLOG
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rket
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irbus
88
In the nextamount of c
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Figure 68: 20
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be about 5%
Fig
0 years fleet gr
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gure 69: Traffi
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see Figure
c growth
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3,000. (Air
69 for detai
CHNOLOG
rbus). This
ils.
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means that
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t the
10 SW
10.1 RoIn
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WOT Analysis fo
oad Freight Tra
Positiv
Inte
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Strengt
The fleallows requireand ada
The mhistoricreply to
All tyAroundgoods, contain
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or the competiti
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ve
ths
exibility ensureoperators to ca
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majority of ocally makes theo market evoluti
pes of goods d 40% of road c22% by solid bu
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se of the low sha road transporttransport.
iveness of Freig
ed by the currenater for the speto the sector, anshippers’ needs
operators are em more innovaions.
are suitable focargo is represeulk, 7% by liqui
are of fixed costt is very com
ht Transport
nt business modeed and reliabilnd great variati.
private, whiative and quick
or road transpoented by palletisid bulk, and 6%
ts of their businepetitive in sho
Negativ
del lity ion
ich to
ort. sed by
ess ort
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Road t700+ kmodel.
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A shorsector, hard to
It geneoccupa
Difficupermiss
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ransport is not m) due to the lar
ransport is less ransport modes.
rtage of driversand its reasonsovercome.
erates high valuncy of land, nois
ulty in transporsion are necessar
competitive forge share of vari
environmental
s is currently a s, nested in its b
ue of external cose, pollution, con
rt of dangeroury.
or long distanciable costs in its
lly friendly com
remarkable trenbusiness model,
osts (road accidengestion, etc.)
us goods DGR
ces (600-s business
mpared to
nd in the , make it
ents, high
R. Many
90
Ext
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l
PositivE
xter
nal
Opport
Despiteand traa grow
Technooffset operatithreats,concern
New odistribrespondurban a
ve
tunities
e the recent crisade is certainly
wing demand in th
ology improvemthe increase
ional conditions, (iv) to complns.
organisations inbution are incred to growing poareas.
sis, the long tery increasing, whhe middle and lo
ments have theof fuel costs, s, (iii) to respoly with increasi
n the sector oeasing and sprellution and cong
rm trend of GDhich will determiong run.
e possibility to (ii) to impro
ond to congestiing environmen
of urban freigeading in order gestion concerns
Negativ
DP ine
(i) ove ion ntal
ght to
s in
Threats
Road cinfrastrconcern
Congesdistribu
Fuel cofor the
Enviromeasur
Protectincreas
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ve
s
congestion is uructure capacityns and increasing
stion in citiesution prone to un
osts. The growincompetitiveness
onmental concere that incentive
tionism betweened imbalance of
al regulations hample, traffic rug trucks from a se
for internalisang in higher coof road types. Hnsate external co
AIR CARGO
upraising and thy is difficult g constraints of p
makes road sonfavourable regu
ng trend of oil ps of road transpo
erns push the pthe modal shift a
n countries may f global merchan
hinder road traules prevent drecond country in
ation of externost of transporHigher excise dost of RT.
O TECHNOLOG
he response in due to envir
public budgets.
olutions in urbaulation.
prices are a serioort vs. rail.
political agendaaway from the r
become an optindise trade
ansport efficienrivers from onen a third country
nal road transprt. Higher tolls duty on fuel in
GY ROADMAP
terms of onmental
an freight
ous threat
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ncy when, e country y.
port cost on wider order to
91
10.2 Ra
Inte
rnal
ail and Intermo
Positive
Strengths
Rail transport i
Rail transporcompared to ot
Rail transport htransport in cedue to govertransport.
Rail is competibut especially fas dry bulk, on
Relatively low of other surfacand fatal accide
odal Freight Tra
is traditionally sa
rt is more ether modes of tra
has a cost advaertain conditionsrnment interven
itive for the tranfor high densitymiddle-long dis
value of externce transport moents cost.
ansport
afer than road tr
environmentallansport.
antage over oths and ranges. Thntion by subs
nsport of a lot ofy, low value gostances.
nal costs. Lower odes land occup
ransport.
ly friendly
her modes of his is partly
sidizing rail
f goods type, oods on such
than in case pancy, noise
Negative
Weaknesses
The last milfield than roa
Service quala lack of co-o
Decision makmakes it hard
Business mod
Rail traditionorientation.
There is a genmost of which
Rail transportvalue goods,
e problem putsd transport.
ity problems (roperation compli
kers and most od for internationa
dels and operatio
nally lacks dynam
neral weakness h were public un
t is traditionallyor good that req
AIR CARGO
s rail transport
reliability, securiicates internation
operators have al rail traffic to g
onal practices are
mism, reliability
of financial conntil the advent of
y not competitivquire speed of de
O TECHNOLOG
in a weaker co
ity and journey nal transports.
a national focugain market share
e generally outd
y, flexibility and
nditions of rail f privatisations.
ve for low denselivery.
GY ROADMAP
ompetitive
time) and
us, which e.
dated.
customer
operators,
sity, high
92
E
xter
nal
Sour
Positive
Opportunities
Growing globalonger range tra
Innovation intransport are aiof commodities
By virtue of hagenda is genincrease of rail
The liberalisamarkets for rairelations with paving the wafreight transpor
The growing crail and intermo
rce: consortium
alisation determansport demand
n technology iming at allowins to be shifted fr
his environmentanerally favourab
freight traffic.
ation trend is il operators. By Russia (Europe
ay to opportunitrt.
containerisationodal transport.
m elaboration
mines an increasi.
and organisatng for an increasrom road to rail.
al friendliness, tble to the impro
opening new gthe same token
ean Neighbourinies for transcon
n of freight is a
ing trend for
ion of rail sing number
the political ovement and
geographical n, increasing ng Policy) is ntinental rail
a benefit for
Negative
Threats
Infrastructurincreasing con
Training wotechnologicalit unattractive
There is a latransports, wmode
A lack of awdifficulties tofavour freight
The availabiltransportationtransport’s cu
re capacity is nstraints of publ
orkforce, whicl change, is insufe.
ck of a Europeawith transport kn
wareness of theo get the necest integration a di
lity of containen), and their stanurrent needs is a
AIR CARGO
difficult due tlic budgets.
ch is fundamefficient and the s
an-wide traininnowledge often b
e possibilities ossary informatioifficult one.
ers (as the prefendardisation andmain barrier.
O TECHNOLOG
to social accept
ental due to ishortage of work
ng system in inbeing focused on
of intermodal aon make the de
erred unit for ind adaptation to in
GY ROADMAP
tance and
increasing kers make
ntermodal n the road
long with ecision to
ntermodal ntermodal
93
10.3 M
Inte
rnal
E
xter
nal
Sour
aritime FreightPositive
Strengths
Maritime trtransport othose that re
The capacitto grow favo
Big shippinlevel of com
Companies terminal opescale.
Fleet sizes a
Internal cost
Opportunitie
Growing gAsian econtransport dem
Innovation systems of f
The growingattract even
rce: consortium e
t Transport (co
ransport has viof goods, includiequire high speed
ty of container ourably.
ng companies anmpetence.
are seeking verations and lan
and vessel sizes a
t level comparab
es
globalisation annomies determinmand.
in technology feedering from la
g trend towardsmore types of g
elaboration
ntainers)
irtually no coming containers, ed.
vessels is grow
nd big ports are
vertical integrand transport also
are growing.
ble with air trans
nd the increasinne an increasin
are allowing tharge mega carrie
s containerisatiogood.
mpetitor for loexcept high valu
wing and will all
e characterised
ation practices o) that allow eco
sport.
ng importance ng trend for lon
he implementatiers.
on (for instance
ong range ue ones and
low traffics
by a high
(managing onomies of
of Eastern nger range
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e, cars) will
Negative
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The repositionup to 19% for
Container terconstraints intraditional Eur
The low attracof workers.
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Threats
Inland forwarefficiency of th
Growing maricost-effectiven
Protectionismhuge investme
AIR CARGO
ning of empty the industry’s in
rminals are spn ports are an aropean destinatio
ctiveness of life
ment on bigger se frequency (Ine frequent flights
rding is often thhe door-to-door
itime piracy is aness issues.
m from Russia nts in transAsian
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containers wasncome.
pace demandinarea of concernsons.
at sea may cau
ships favours bin aviation incres)
he weak link whichain.
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tes money for
ng. Capacity s especially in
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igger capacity eased demand
ich hinders the
of security and
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94
10.4 Ai
Inter
Exter
Sour
ir Cargo TranspPositiv
rnal Streng
Speed
Reliab
Securi
No pa
Low e
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ath congestion
external costs. Lo
ompetitor in lon.
rtunities
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al growth of econ
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efficient design
rend for minimiscific value (elec
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ow land occupan
ng distance tra
market
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many extra-Eur
sing of valuable ctronic hardware
ncy.
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tion and distribu
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ak economics of
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ernal shocks
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ht restrictions
und waiting time
der-representingesses.
sible staff shortag
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istances of trafor a very limite
ue to the low d
n the door-to-do
f most carriers
requirements
and fuel costs an
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icy making
11 Outcome of the Questionnaires to the Air Cargo Stakeholders
The CargoMap consortium sent out a large number of questionnaires to stakeholders in the hope to get a better feeling for future expectations of these stakeholders and to investigate their opinions regarding the possible future concepts emerged from the SWOT analysis.
The response to the questionnaire was disappointing: in total, only 13 answers were received. Answers were received from:
Airlines: 3 ( note these were networked carriers, no dedicated cargo operators/ integrators)
Outsized cargo airline: 1
Forwarders/ shippers: 7
Media: 1
University: 1
However, the coverage of the answers was quite good so it is worthwhile to look into the results. D2.1 and its annex illustrate the questionnaire and the detailed results. Here the summary of conclusions is reported, divided by type of market (long – medium – short – very short haul) and with a section dedicated to questions on R&D.
11.1 Long haul (> 6000 km) All agree that the focus of air cargo will be high value cargo, where value/density and time to market is relevant. Also air transport can be used for high value or time critical oversized cargo. It is interesting to note that airlines feel that the HUB-airports are strategically best located to serve the customers whilst forwarders and shippers do not fully agree. They would like to see some airports nearer to the final customer.
Airlines do not see a need for novel aircraft that fly slower at lower cost. For them speed thus time is the most important parameter. Slower aircraft may also require more crew. The operators (forwarders) however see the potential of new aircraft that fly slower at lower cost. One of the arguments used was that intercontinental shipments take 5 days for door to door delivery, and the flying does not represent a large portion of that total time from door to door. They see lower cost as a main advantage. They see a market for these aircraft over long distances, for example to China, Africa and South America.
One of the main ideas for CargoMap is to use different types of containers (that would require different aircraft configurations). Basically both airlines and forwarders and shippers agree that a new type of container would be a good solution. However one forwarder noted that the flexibility should not be lost: freight cannot be held up because the container needs to be filled up first. So the volume of shipments should be large enough. However all see the benefit of more containerized packaging as it would reduce the need for repackaging.
On the question how future distribution should be organized, the airlines and some forwarders see the HUB airports as the best solution. However many forwarders and shippers would like to use more smaller airports for long haul air cargo, situated nearer to the final customer. One airline and the outsized cargo transporter saw benefits in the amphibious plane option.
11.1
96
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1.1 SummaIt has been expensive o
Opinions wintermediatpilotless to
Whereas aisee an adva
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respondentsy large airc1.500 Euro.
ary observed t
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were asked ote cost levereduce cost
irlines see tiantage of tra
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o use differe
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s indicated craft could f
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that basicallhipping whi
on whether ls. Such ant even furth
ime/speed aading speed
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ent containe
No repackdistribsaves
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that the sizfly at 400kmshould be a
ly two optioich is slow b
a market eaircraft cou
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11.2
97
It is not sorouting. Thwas not we
Pro
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In general tbe bigger thintercontine
2 MediumCargoMap inter Europrespondentsresponses w
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f trucking isat road cong
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le 8: Summary
stakeholderor B777 in ft.
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air cargo woe the need ussia. The r
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s so low thagestion may
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mes the mostt modes are
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rs see the neorder to red
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at many bely be solved
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11.2
11.3
98
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There may would be ex
If new aircrslots of Eurand QSTOL
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rivatives of dents see aaircraft sho
mes the monsport mode
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km) Map address
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e used if thens. But thenns unclear. ve a better in
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outes up to European mOL or QSTO
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probably req
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11.4
11.5
99
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or novel air
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lowering thcially on th
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delivery, th
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vices to replaicles to deli
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asked to the
hould createlong and mnion shouldft and infrposed as inof systems.
he cost facto
but the remground inc
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ace truckingiver parcels
most approp
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me, but the ies in case th
stakeholde
e incentivesmedium haud take the lerastructures ndividual pl
European i
or is seen b
maining parncluding all
configuratiernative avia
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g and to rep(the “pizza
priate mean
for door to
idea is not he drone w
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s to improveul aircraft. Nad. As air cneed a gl
layers will initiatives c
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rt of the fre elements
ions, structuation fuels.
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place a boy
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12
12.1
100
Air Cargo
1 Air CargThe amoun
As shown iwell, despitwith a deficalso increas
Other relev27, and now(diminishintrade surplu
o Demand a
go Demandnt of internat
in the table te the EU’s cit that is evsing but onl
vant partnerw totals 30ng) trade deus in 2011,
and Future
d tional trade
below, flowexports gro
ven higher tly in terms o
rs for the EU8 billion Eu
eficit; Turkefor 120 bill
Table 9
e Trends
has grown
ws with Chinowing at a hthan the oveof exports, w
U include: Ruro with a tey, in whichion Euro of
9: EU-27 trade
by more th
na have mohigher rate erall trade bwhile impor
Russia, whitrade deficih case the Ef overall trad
e in goods by p
Source: Euro
AIR C
han 70% in 1
ore than tripthan import
balance of thrts have bee
ich has mort for the EU
EU passed fde.
artner, 2011, E
ostat
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10 years.
pled in the lats, the balanhe EU. The en decreasin
re than doubU; Japan, wfrom a sligh
Euro millions
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ast 10 yearsnce with Chtrade with
ng.
ubled its flowwith 116 billht trade defi
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s. In this cashina is negaUSA have b
ws to/from lion Euro aicit in 2001
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se as ative, been
EU-and a
to a
101
In terms oftransported
But switchigoods transof goods sh
As concernbillion TKM
f weight, aird intercontin
ing to valuesported. Thehipped to/fro
ns flows witM in 2010.
64
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r cargo doesnentally, opp
es, air cargoe figure belom Europe,
Figure 71: Ex
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40
812
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o assumes ilow shows t whereas m
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Source: Euro
to be very r% by sea, 6
its importanthat air tran
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Source: Euro
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pe of goods, 20
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goods by mode
ostat
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11, Euro billio
ith a share oand almost
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, 2010, billion e
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gh unit valumost 23% of%.
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the total ton.
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at air cargoom the cost rovement fowould mean
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n Europe arolume as illu
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103
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cility ter is s the d for That
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104
correlated wthese paramexplanatoryeconometriis mainly dudo not incluthe model.
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with each otmeters does y variables ic models asue to statistude freight
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105
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12.2
12.2
12.2
106
2 New tranBy 2010, thcompete wibridge in ra
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2.2 EurasiaIn January Beijing to Hsea containtransportaticompared tautomobileinvolved se2009.
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hip Atlanticany FastShipd of 38 knotouse traffic,onsolidated transport. TConsidering
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12.3
107
2.3 The traThe Trans combined ufrom the Faorigin to Dtransportaairport is acomparable
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ans-EurasiaEurasia Ex
use of sea car East to EDubai in thation to Euaround 15 de to the tran
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12.4
109
4 Future cThe Emiratextending tAirways antransport.
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competitiontes, Dubai, their airpor
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ransport modes
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110
The figure investmentsDubai InterWorld Centnew airportlandings anworld todayFrankfurt aCity, the frlogistics plobjectives.
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3 Cf. Flanagan (2007
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00
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the domestirlines curreor nearly a q
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ng capacitiei is expandd 40km awais under corunways fo
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111
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112
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: Original Gra
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12.5
113
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12.6
115
6 The Boeiing global fforecast 20012
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116
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12.7
117
7 BauhausIn 2011 an
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Figure 86S
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118
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global recohere would omes more i
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12.8
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12.9
120
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aper than shcheaper to o
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121
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Figure 93: EU
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12.1
124
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12.1
126
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12.1
127
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128
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129
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131
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13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
132
Air Cargo
Although aair cargo bu
In this chapsolution, anpossible sce
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13.1
13.1
13.1
133
service as Lwithout a ltimes may n
1.4 CompeCompetitiooperators w
Parcel servroutes.
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Despite all capacity of expected asplanned in
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134
In reality, tto continuecompanies B737 aircra
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these compae the produwill decide
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g haul markhe market.
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Fig
anies have duction of thee to introdu
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13.1
13.2
13.2
13.2
135
1.7 RegulaIn 2016 theEuropean abefore 2020
2 Vision fo
2.1 SummaA change ocargo netwo
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13.2
136
The world some time n
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13.2
13.2
13.2
137
Such a shiMunchen. H2030.
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139
Besides tecAnd in somAlthough thbe further ralready extr
Airbus mayis on offer.
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re 111: Appro
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140
high whilstmedium ha
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re 113: New air
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re 114: New air
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13.2
13.3
13.3
141
In the timefaircraft. In
As intermointegrated iavoided astransport. Callow optim
2.7 RegulaNew regula
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3.1 SummaThe most im
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13.4
13.4
142
The air carg
Free flight
Fully autom
Airports ha
A completewith a seamwill be in p
Customer w
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4 AdditionReferring tproject, it operations,
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4.1 Use the
Speed
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go has the s
and/or free
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ld be an atmount of tim
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13.4
13.4
143
4.2 OvercoHigh costs
intermodali
Spatial mthe door-to-
4.3 ExploitLiberalisatimarket
Advanced technology
ome the wea
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need to be reurpose.
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13.4
144
Global growand globali
New concelogistics
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14
14.1
145
Overview
1 EU ScenA specific research”. consulted.
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of current
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ded projectement is stiport developare taken in
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--- --
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for formatims from birto 20% fuel
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e 127: Morphi
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---_ ---
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ative assessmen
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+ Same aref
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+++
Table 19
ircraft be a long h
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ms like spar
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---- Same aref
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15.1
166
The qualita
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haul aircrafcraft for larwas also prons in Easter
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Figure 129: S
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ref
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e 20: Qalitativ
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ref
d +
Figure 13
hip idea to use
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Figure 130: La
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-
31: Quantitativ
an airship
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has been p
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ncy and liftchnologies or tanks, w
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drag reductiestigated invide buoyaress killed t
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Lower DOC
Lower IOC
AIR C
on and pron the initiaancy controthe program
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15.1
169
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Payload (tons)
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Payload (tons)
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Higher speed to delivery
ref
d -----
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nal aircraftsuccessor old be based
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Cost
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ref
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Table 21: Qua
t with a payof the B767
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10, the airce aircraft cnd others. Alopment ma
Lower DOC
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ref Ref
--- ---
alitative assessm
yload of 507 type of ai
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-----
ment - Large a
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Ref
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airship
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-----
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15.1
170
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1.13 Tilt rotor acharacteristbut the devexperience
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Payload (tons)
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Payload (tons)
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Figur
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Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
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aircraft witre developehelicopter wcost and thained with t
e 134: New reg
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wn in the fo
Table 2
Cost
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ref
+
th a capacied to meet with high crhe operationthe V-22 op
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22: Qualitative
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ref Ref
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ity of 20 tonmilitary re
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Produc
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ns equirementsd. Tilt rotor e high whilensure safe
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ctivity
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Ref
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s. These airaircraft ena
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CHNOLOG
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ref
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rcraft combnable door t
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15.1
171
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Payload (tons)
100 tons
Payload (tons)
50
T
Advanced pter allows peed and so
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e been deved as the B7e to be able
is attractiveminimum r
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Figu
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
++++
able 23: Quan
fast rotorcon the spo
ome safety is
e been devedisc rotor,
loped to im37/ A 320 to carry stan
e the operatrequirement
e engines, th
ure 135: Tilt ro
Pictu
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
ref
++
titaive assessm
craft ot delivery. ssues relate
loped over , the stowe
mprove the tclass of airndard conta
tional cost mt would be t
he wing or p
otor aircraft w
ure by Bell Bo
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
ref Ref
--- ++
ment - Tilt roto
However ted to the dea
the years td rotor, the
AIR C
tilt rotor teccraft. For a
ainers.
may be highto halve the
part of the w
with a capacity
eing, OoB
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
f Ref
--
or aircraft with
he helicoptad man’s cu
o increase te stopped r
CARGO TEC
chnology. Tair crago op
h which woe cost of cur
wing.
of 20 tons
tivity
Larger Capacity
Ref
Same as ref
h a capacity of
er has somurve.
the forwardrotor where
CHNOLOG
The proposeperations the
ould not satrrent solutio
Increased Utilization
ref
+
20 tons
me drawback
d speed of he the rotor
GY ROADM
ed aircraft ce aircraft w
tisfy the reqons for regi
Frequency
Higher Frequencyof service
ref
++
ks as well:
helicopters: acts as a w
MAP
could would
quest ional
y
y
high
The wing,
172
swivel rotofeasible. No
One cost efthe rotor isautogyro isautogyros fhelicopters.
or etc. Somoise is also
ffective solus not powers the need fofor parcel s.
me of these an issue.
ution is the red the conor a short ruservices, wh
concepts n
Autogyro wnstruction isunway to tahich would
need furthe
where the ros much simake off and l
enable nea
AIR C
er developm
otor turns thmpler than a
land. In thear door to d
CARGO TEC
ment to see
hanks to forwa helicopter USA a newoor delivery
CHNOLOG
e if low cos
ward speedr. The disadw interest ery at much
GY ROADM
st solutions
d of the craftdvantage ofxists to devlower cost
MAP
s are
ft. As f the
velop than
173
Some exam
Figure 137: Fu
mples of pro
uture autogyro
oposed confi
o planes
Figure 13
igurations b
36: Advanced
by Eurocopt
AIR C
fast rotorcraft
ter, Bell, Sik
CARGO TEC
t
korsky, Dor
CHNOLOG
rnier and ot
GY ROADM
thers
MAP
Prop
Ref.
PropA/C
FastRoto
15.1
174
Proposals f
Research inneeded to d
The quantit
posal KP
f. truck P(
posed C
t orcraft
P(
1.15 There is reperformancit enable launderstand
Figure 138: Ad
The aircrafcontainer.
for future au
nto alternatdesign nove
tative assess
Key Parameter
Payload (tons)
144 tons
Payload (tons)
10 or 20
Advanced enewed intce at lower carger payloathe potentia
dvanced small
ft is suppos
utogyro plan
tive configul cargo plan
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
+++
Table
small aircrterest in thcost than thads to be cal of this co
l aircraft using
sed to have
nes
urations hanes based on
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
ref
++
e 24: Quantitat
raft using te fanwing
he helicoptecarried, whaoncept.
g the fan-wing
e a speed o
as been givn one or mo
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
ref Ref
--- --
tive assessment
the fan-winconcept. T
er. Much haat are the o
concept
f 100 Knot
AIR C
en little attore of the ab
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
f Ref
++
t - future autog
ng conceptThis could s still to be
operational
ts/hour. On
CARGO TEC
tention in tbove mentio
tivity
Larger Capacity
Ref
-
gyro planes
enable a sassessed: Icost etc. M
e design op
CHNOLOG
the past. Moned concep
Increased Utilization
ref
+
short take-oIs the conce
More researc
ption is to
GY ROADM
More researcpts.
Frequency
Higher Frequencyof service
ref
++
off and lanept feasible, ch is neede
carry a 20
MAP
ch is
y
y
nding will
ed to
feet
Prop
Ref
PropA/C
Fan
15.1
175
The quantit
posal KP
f. truck P(
posed C
n Wing
P(
1.16 AdvaThe proposdistance tra
The aircraft
tative assess
Key Parameter
Payload (tons)
144 tons
Payload (tons)
10 or 20
Table
anced smallsed aircraft ansport. The
ft could be e
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
++
25: Quantitati
l aircraft would carr
e aircraft wo
equipped wi
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
ref
++
ive assessment
y a payloadould have a
ith swivellin
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
ref Ref
- -
t - Advanced sm
d up to 40 tsimple des
ng nozzles t
AIR C
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
f Ref
++
mall aircraft u
tons. It wouign, optimiz
to shorten ta
CARGO TEC
ctivity
Larger Capacity
Ref
-
using the fan-w
uld be desigzed for carg
ake-off and
CHNOLOG
Increased Utilization
ref
+
wing concept
gned for mego transport
landing.
GY ROADM
Frequency
Higher Frequencyof service
ref
+++
edium and st.
MAP
y
y
short
Prop
Ref.
PropA/C
AdvSma
176
The quantit
posal KP
f. truck P(
posed C
vanced all A/C
P(
tative assess
Key Parameter
Payload (tons)
144 tons
Payload (tons)
10 or 20
Illustration
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
+++
Table
Figure 1
ns by Airbus, T
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
ref
+
26: Quantitati
39: Advanced
TU Twente, N
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
ref Ref
+ -
ive assessment
AIR C
small aircraft
LR and Lockh
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
f Ref
++
- Advanced sm
CARGO TEC
heed, Ad Cuent
tivity
Larger Capacity
Ref
-
mall aircraft
CHNOLOG
ta
Increased Utilization
ref
+
GY ROADM
Frequency
Higher Frequencyof service
ref
+++
MAP
y
y
15.1
Prop
Ref
PropA/C
Repnt CesCar
177
1.17 ReplThe Cessnasmall distanthese aircraa cost effecBesides a lsimple desi
It seems thaengine for t
The quantit
posal KP
f. truck P(
posed C
placemeof
sna avan
Pt
lacement ofa Caravan wnces. Similaaft are charactive novel low cost soign but shou
at the aircrathe PT6. Th
tative assess
Key Parameter
Payload (tons)
144 tons
Payload (4tons)
f the Cessnwas developar aircraft liacterized bysmall aircra
olution coululd be capab
aft could be he qualitativ
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
ref
4
+++
Ta
na Caravanped in 1982ike the DH y a dated deaft would bld replace tble to carry
Figu
developed ve assessme
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
ref
~~
able 27: Qunat
n type of air2. FEDEX Twin Otter
esign and PTbe developetrucking ovstandard av
ure 140: Cessna
soon depenent
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
ref Ref
+ ~~
titative assessm
AIR C
rcraft was a laun
r are used toT-6 engines
ed, a substanver smaller viation cont
a Caravan
nding on the
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
f Ref
++
ment - Cessna C
CARGO TEC
nching custoo carry cargs that were ntial replacedistances. Tainers (LD3
e availability
ctivity
Larger Capacity
Ref
///
Caravan
CHNOLOG
omer to cargo over sma
developed ement markThe aircraf3).
y of a suitab
Increased Utilization
ref
~~
GY ROADM
rry parcels ll distances40 years agket would eft would ha
ble replacem
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Higher Frequencyof service
ref
+++
MAP
over . All
go. If exist. ave a
ment
y
y
15.1
Prop
TruVan
PropA/C
Sma
178
1.18 UASThe idea is small truckparcels delisense and a
Figure 141: UA
The quantit
posal KP
uck/ n
posed C
all UAS
P(
S systems to develop
ks are used ivered by Uavoid system
AS systems
tative assess
Key Parameter
Payload (tons)
an unmannto deliver g
UAS. This wm to avoid c
sment is sho
Time
Higher speed to delivery
++
T
ned system tgoods. With
will require acollisions in
own in the t
Cost
High Load factor
+
Table 28: Quna
that could dh modern ta high level
n urban area
table below
Lower DOC
Lower IOC
+++ ++
atitative assess
AIR C
deliver parctechnology l of safety anas.
w.
Produc
w
C
Higher Speed
++
sment –UAS sy
CARGO TEC
cels and mailike GPS itnd reliabilit
ctivity
Larger Capacity
Same as ref
ystems
CHNOLOG
il in urban at is possiblty. There al
Increased Utilization
+
GY ROADM
areas. Curree to have sso needs to
Frequency
Higher Frequencyof service
+++
MAP
ently small
be a
y
y
15.2
15.2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
15.2
179
2 Ranking
2.1 Long hAs already cost, time element is dcould be exthe elasticisupposed to
Recap:
Taking thefollows:
BWB Formation aSupersonic Flying slowVery large Small aircraHypersonic
2.2 MediumOn the shor
g of alterna
haul cargo aindicated t
and frequedifficult to xpressed in ty of time o be 1 as we
e qualitative
and coupledaircraft
wer/ lower aircraft andaft
c transport
m/ short hart haul the c
ative aircraf
aircraft the air cargncy of deliquantify asterms of coto delivery
ell.
Tabl
e assessmen
d flight
d WIDGE
aul cargo flcompetition
ft
go market isivery. Furths no elasticiost. As alreay is about 2
e 29: Result of
nts into acc
lights: is from Tru
s influencehermore, thity is knownady indicate2 and no c
f assessment - L
count, the r
ucks. Price
AIR C
d by GDP here is the n. If ETS ised previouslear elastici
Long haul carg
ranking for
is the most
CARGO TEC
developmenissue of en introduced
sly, the elasity was fou
go aircraft
r the propo
important i
CHNOLOG
nt (elasticitnvironmentd the envirosticity for prund for freq
osed long h
issue.
GY ROADM
ty 2) as weal impact.
onmental imrice is abouquency. Th
haul cargo i
MAP
ell as This
mpact ut -1, his is
is as
15.3
15.4
180
Taking thefollows:
1. Replace2. New reg3. Large m4. Advanc5. Fanwin6. Large ti7. Hula air
3 UnmannThe concepconstitute a
If large carshapes andcost savingchapter theand the redu
The fuel sav
( Note: Durfor the char
4 The issuContainers are very spe
e qualitative
ement Cessngional aircr
medium hauced rotorcrang iltrotor rship
ned aircraftpt of fully ua substantial
rgo aircraft d thus weighgs can be ace substantialuction of cr
vings will a
ring the Carracteristics o
e of a new used in air ecific and d
Table 30
e assessmen
na Caravan raft with 50 ul aircraft aft including
t unmanned fll cost reduc
will be flowht and fuel chieved. Ally lower corew cost wil
also have a v
rgomap worof novel irp
air cargo ccargo need
do not corre
: result of asse
nts into acc
ton capacit
g the autogy
lying shouldtion as no c
wn without savings. T
lthough theost due to tll make air c
very positiv
rkshop it waplanes.)
container. d to fit in thespond to the
essment - Med
count, the r
ty
yro
d be develocrew cost ar
pilot the fuThere could e issue seemthe reductiocargo much
ve effect on
as mentione
e round airce standard a
AIR C
dium/ short hau
ranking for
oped by 203re needed.
uselage mighbe differen
ms not to alon of fuel coh more attra
greenhouse
ed that futur
craft fuselagadopted in o
CARGO TEC
ul cargo flights
r the propo
35, includin
ht be unprent structurester the prioost (due to ctive.
e gas emissi
re studies sh
ge. As a conother modes
CHNOLOG
s
osed long h
ng certificati
essurised alls proposed
ority listing the light w
ions.
hould set qu
nsequence ts of transpo
GY ROADM
haul cargo i
ion. This w
lowing diffeand substaof the prev
weight struct
uantitative g
these contairt.
MAP
is as
would
erent antial vious ture)
goals
iners
181
An alternat
If unmannea different containers t
As some frecontainers, containers several cha
If more thawith large amongst oth
tive solution
ed aircraft wshape (e.g
that fit into
eight needs would nee
are temperaracteristics
an one presspressure vehers Delft U
n adopted fo
would be deg. rectangul
standard su
a conditioned to be crature reguland should
surized conessels in whUniversity. T
or air cargo
esigned specar). This u
urface transp
ned environmconditioned lated. The also be ado
Figure
ntainer woulhich the coThese woul
is pallets th
cifically forunpressurizeport contain
nment, noveinside. Al
novel contaopted to sur
e 142: Novel ai
Source AD Cu
ld be needeontainers vcld be made
AIR C
hat can be st
r cargo funced aircraft wners. .
l containerslready presainer conce
rface travel.
r containers
uenta
ed, the unprcan fit. Sucof light wei
CARGO TEC
towed in big
ction in minwould be a
s, that mightsurized conept that is
ressuzid BWch barrels wight compos
CHNOLOG
g cargo airc
nd, the fuselable to tran
t fit the stanntainers exproposed s
WB aircraftwere alreadysite materia
GY ROADM
craft.
lage could hnsport nove
ndard 20/40xist. Also sshould com
t could be fy developed
al.
MAP
have el air
0 feet some
mbine
fitted d by
15.5
182
Research inproposed so
(Note: The they also acustomers. However th
5 The inteAs has beentransfer poimissing. Thcontact, nocourier servAlthough qtime but als
There is a needed to uchain can btransport. Treliability, gis needed.
In view of tand enable same standa
nto the operolution.
experts duradvised to kContainers
he new cont
rmodal tran mentioneints and diffhe customer single bill vices exists
quick deliveso cost critic
need to founderstand
be made moThe future greening an
the global cco-operativards.
rational ben
ring the Cakeep the powould be i
tainer would
ansport chaed in previofferent functr has little rand little i
s but is veryry is importcal.
oster researbusiness m
ore inter-contransport in
nd cost effe
character ofve intelligen
nefits of suc
argomap woossibility ofnteresting fd need to be
ain us chapterstions that nereal time innformation y expensivetant for con
ch in the dmodels of thnnective effnfrastructurectiveness. C
f logistic pront transport
ch container
orkshop welf pallets asfor big custoe filled so th
s, the cargo eed to be co
nformation a to influenc
e as the timnsumer good
domain of he differentficiency, E-re should enClever gove
ocesses thersystems tha
AIR C
rs would be
lcomed the s these can omers who hat a high lo
chains are oordinated. about the cace pricing o
me focus is tds or spare p
intelligent t players, tfreight and nable seamernance and
re is a needat are based
CARGO TEC
needed to
idea of a ncontain smneed a who
oadfactor ca
characterizThere is a c
argo being sor time to dthe overall mparts, the bu
cargo transo understantravel inforless deliver
d simplificat
d to redesignd on advance
CHNOLOG
see the cost
new air contmall packagole containean be realize
zed by manycustomer ceshipped, no
delivery. Thmost imporulk of air tr
sport systemnd how thermation to ery of goodstion of the t
n global loged IT soluti
GY ROADM
t benefits o
tainer. Howges for diffeer to be shiped.)
y players, mentred approo single poinhe alternativrtant paramansport carg
ms. Researce whole logenable seams, transparetransport ch
gistics proceions and use
MAP
f the
wever erent pped.
many oach nt of ve of
meter. go is
ch is gistic mless ency, hains
esses e the
15.6
183
6 The reseThe CargoMthe SRIA aperiods. Reneeded.
The roadmais made. Taddition to
earch roadmMap researcadopted timesults shoul
ap is organhe Table inthe ones alr
map ch roadmap
me frames 2ld be matur
nised in tablndicate wherready menti
p identifies 2020, 2035e, integrate
les. A distinre specific rioned in the
research to, and 2050
ed and valid
nction betwresearch, tece ACARE S
AIR C
opics that ne. Results sh
dated. In mo
ween operatichnology an
SRIA.
CARGO TEC
eed attentionhould be avost cases te
ons researcnd demonstr
CHNOLOG
on in the futvailable wi
echnology d
ch and technration effor
GY ROADM
ture referrinithin those demonstratio
nology reserts are neede
MAP
ng to time on is
earch ed in
15.6
Chde
Unsatinctimensec
Platra
Crcooffto
Imexdif
Agsys
Unticindtraca
Retra
184
6.1 Operat
To
Market
hanges in mmand for ai
nderstand cutisfaction crcluding the me, cost, freqvironment acurity
anning of inansport chai
reate a modemparison offers by diffeforwarders
mprove a syschange betwfferent trans
gree on a unstem for E f
niversal systcketing, tracdicating alteansport oppse of disrup
estructuringansport chai
tions resear
opic
arket ir cargo
ustomer riteria elasticities fquency, and safety/
ntermodal ins
el for fair f different
erent modes
stem of dataween the sport modes
niversal freight
tem for singcking and ernative
portunities intions
g of the in
rch topics a
Develoundersair carg
for Develoestimat
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a
s
Uniforoversig
Develofreightthat wiorganis
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n
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Study tplayers
T
and actions
20
op simulationtand the futugo demand
op econometrte customer d
then the discean scale to aodal steps in
e the transitiot independenrks to open g
ling of price ions; standares
rm format deght planned
op uniform stt. Agree on ITill be used bysations in the
uce a customort chain, pro
mation, singlet, single tickm tracking nuers will have ative transpor
the planningort itself. Thie provided onort cost, frequry and CO2 e
to reduce thes in the total
Table 31: Oper
s
020
n models to ure direction
tric models todemand
cussion on a agree on
n the future. on from the nt supply global networ
alternativesrd lay out of
eveloped;
tandard for ETC networksy all e transport ch
mer oriented oviding real te point of keting and numbers.
access to rt opportunitg and duringis information alternative
quency, time emissions.
e number of transport ch
rations researc
AIR C
of Upd
o Upd
rks.
Conforu
and Unisysto a
Oveimp
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hain
E frimp
time
ties the
on
to
UniCusorietooimp
hain Stuimp
ch topics and a
CARGO TEC
2035
date models
date models
ntinue the um
ified Europetem availabl
all forwarder
ersight plemented
reight plemented
iform stomer ented decisiol is plemented
udies ready anplemented
actions
CHNOLOG
Upda
Upda
Seamintermtransp
ean le rs
on
nd
GY ROADM
2050
ate models
ate models
mless modal port a fact
MAP
185
Airports/ l
Investigateto use reand landincargo deliv
Identify pVTOL/ STEurope
Usage of m
Design sysstay at war
Design ITquick custo
Airport ser24/7 if operators
Aircraft designed sand ofindependenfacilities
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Topic
landing spo
e opportuegional aing spots fovery
possibilitieTOL locatio
military airp
stems for rehouses
T systemsoms cleara
rvices to bedemanded
need toso that loff-loading nt of a
t sea or sho
ots
unities rports
for air
s for ons in
ports
short
s for nce
e open d by
o be oading
is airport
ores
T
2
Make ainventory.regional soon
Make an possible lo
Make anmilitary barriers fservices
IT systemwarehouse
Airport should accomplisone day
Ensure throughsecurity sy
Design compatibienvisaged
Design effective s
Table 32: Oper
2020
a Europe. Do not cloairports t
inventory ocations
inventory airports a
for air car
ms to speed e placement
clearan
shed with
24/7 acceadvanc
ystems
fility wd airports
of cosolutions
rations researc
AIR C
ean ose too
Opair
of De
of and rgo
Seto
up t
Aiwatha
nce be
hin
ess ced
for with
Dethapo
ost Im
ch topics and a
CARGO TEC
203
pen up rports to air
esignate land
lect militarbe used by
r cargo wilarehouse nan one day
evelop newat make ssible using
mplement
actions
CHNOLOG
5
regionalcargo
nding spots
ry airportsair cargo
ll stay in ano longer
w devicesloading
g robots
GY ROADM
l
s
a r
s g All ro
MAP
2050
obot handlinn
186
Topic
Time effici
Automated
Develop auseparationand on boaand avoid equipment
Airports caused withoground NAequipment
Air cargo are linked and CDM
Automatedseparationground andavoidance runway inc
Implementpoint flying
iency
d ATM
utomated n devices ard seek
t
an be out AV t
operators to SWIM
d self-n on the d of cursions
t point to g
2020
Imple
Prelimstudie
Test W
Test SWIM
Develsepara
ImpleFABs
T
ment SESA
minary dees
WAAS, LAA
CDM M
lop self-ation tools
ment FUA
Table 33:Oper
2
AR Dab
esign P
AS IR
and IC
Te
A and IEmbt
rations researc
AIR C
2035
Design foautomated based on CN
Prototype te
Implement RNAV
Implement CDM
Test and iequipment
Implement European skmilitary airbe possibletime basis
ch topics and a
CARGO TEC
or totally ATM
NS
esting
airborne
Swim and
implement
one single ky; use of space will e on real
ctions
CHNOLOG
2050
TotallyATM
Implem
Fully system
GY ROADM
y automimplemente
mentation
indepenms impleme
MAP
mated ed
ndent nted
187
Topic
Industry a
Develop amaster plaand manuaircraft
Make a analysis omarket aircraft
Look for spassenger aircraft de
Enablers
Identify capabilitieand identif
Sufficient available. will respneeds of tmarket. Tline with developme
RTD fundto enable research performedfunding National afunding isDevelopmeseparate Scargo
Initiate cargo outproject innovative
action
an industan to deve
ufacture no
joint marof the wo
for no
synergies w/ milit
evelopment
Rs in Eurfy blind spo
staffing Educat
ond to the air ca
Training ismost rec
ents
ding availaactions a
to d. Specific
is availaand industs coordinatent of SRIA for
another t of the b
to sideas
20
trial elop ovel
SindeaiA
rket orld ovel
Squanpl
with tary ts
Cex
RTD rope ots
Ruptoca
is tion the
argo s in cent
Banst
able and
be EU ble.
trial ted.
a air
ScaFuanaithai
air box
seek
Efowas0 in
T
020
et up a Enterest grevelop newircraft (Sub
ACARE?)
tart makinguantitative analysis and lans
Create a foxchange
RTD capabipgraded too the needs argo market
Based on thnalysis mtaffing plan
eparate SRIargo aunding at nd industrimed at dehe next geneir cargo plan
EC funding or out of
workshop, ssessment a
projectncubation
Table 34: Oper
European roup to w cargo
bgroup in
g a a market business
orum for
ilities are o respond
of the air t
he market make a
IA for air available. EU, MS
ry level eveloping eration of nes
available the box
and Level ts for
rations researc
AIR C
2035
Europehas profirst air
Marketupdated
RTD kncapabilfacilitieto respneeds cargo m
Educattrainingline wineeds
Continufunding
ContinufundingalignmEDA
ch topics and a
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ean group oduced the rcraft
t analysis d
nowledge, lities and es in place ond to the of the air
market
ion and g fully in ith market
ued g
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actions
CHNOLOG
2050
Rangedevelo
Upgra
Contin
Fully approa
GY ROADM
e of airoped in Euro
ades realized
nued fundin
integrach
MAP
craft ope
d
ng
rated
188
Topic
Security
Advanced devices developed
Cyber hardened systems, and ATM
Full pagainst maair cargo a
Safety
Certificatioup technologicdevelopmenot a bainnovation
Certificatioand time iby 50%
Aircraft ato fly. Usemedia in afully imple
Auto systems crashes
Aircraft telemetry implement
Aircraft crashworthimproved
screening to be
war IT
avionics
protection anpads for aircraft
on keeps with
cal ents and is arrier to
n
on cost is reduced
are simple e of social aviation is emented
recovery prevents
data is
ted
hiness is
2020
Low and screenbe dev
Develcrime
Desigdevicemanpa
A frebased started
New methoreducitime
Desig
Desigauto system
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cost, flexuniv
ning deviceveloped
lop anti cymethods
gn low es agads
sh look at certificatio
d
certificaods are aimeing cost
gn for simpli
gn full preco
ms
gn effective etry and aboxes
lop methodove survivab
Table 35: Oper
2
xible versal es to
Ad
yber- C
cost gainst
Dse
risk on is
Nmi
ation ed at
and
5cc
icity s
proof overy
As
data avoid
I
ds to bility
A9
rations researc
AIR C
2035
Advanced devices app
Continue
Design losystems agexternal haz
New cemethods implemente
50% reducertificationcost is achie
same
Auto systems are
Implemente
Aircraft cr99% surviv
ch topics and a
CARGO TEC
screening plied
ow cost ainst new zards
ertification are
ed
uction of n time and eved
recovery standard
ed
rashes are able
actions
CHNOLOG
2050
Advandeviceupgrad
Contin
Contin
Certifion sim
same
GY ROADM
nced screees constaded
nue
nue
fication is bmulation
MAP
ening antly
based
15.6
189
6.2 Aircraf
Topic
Configurat
Configuratlong and aircraft
Technologyand demosuccessor Ctype of airc
ConfiguratVTOL/STO
VTOL/ ST
Studies on
ft related r
tions
tion stumedium
y developmonstration Cessna carcraft
tion studieOL aircraf
TOL techno
small UAS
esearch top
udies haul
ment for
ravan
es for ft
ology
S
pics
2020
Configuratiperformed best posconfiguratiothe expedemand.
New largeexpected tomarket in 2
As the rethese smaimminent, studies shtechnology demonstratdesign and
VTOL/STOhave not besome timehelicopters New confito be ddemonstrat
Novel desigfor VTOL/that are effnoise. Theinnovative challengingcommunityway as DAR
Small UAdeveloped used in environmenstandards, tguidance devices ndeveloped
Table 36: A
ion studies to select
ssible fuons based ected ma
e aircraft o enter into2035
eplacementall aircraft
configurahould leady tion, a fmanufactur
OL soluteen studiede except
and tiltwgurations n
developed ted
gns are nee/STOL aircficient and
e EC promideas
g the aviay in the sRPA operat
AS can that can
an urnt. Satechnology
and conneed to
Aircraft related
AIR C
2
are the
uture on
arket
are o the
CstceB
of t is ation
to
final ring
SleEin
tions d for
for wing. need and
Cstcdp
eded craft low
motes by
ation ame tes
DpeefrV
be be
rban afety
and ntrol
be
Msmst
d research top
CARGO TEC
2035
Configuratiotudies ompleted, specially
BWB aircraf
Studies shead to a
European ndustry acti
Configuratiotudies ompleted a
design. production.
Designs leadproduction fficient nvironmentriendly
VTOL/STOL
Manufacturimall tarted
ics
CHNOLOG
on
on ft
hould joint
ion
on
as is Start
d into of
and tally
L
ing of UAS
GY ROADM
2050
Advanced configuratistudies
MAP
on
190
Topic
Unpiloted technology
New aerodshapes
Research fanwing co
propulsion
New ultra engines developed.could be engines pby LNGHydrogen
Successor of the PT6designed Europe
Electrical to be desigthe asbattery tecfurther dev
Conformalpanels developed
APU replby esystems ocells
aircraft y
dynamic
on the oncept
n
efficient to be
. These hybrid
powered G or
engine 6 family
in
engines gned and ssociated chnology veloped
l solar to be
lacement electrical or fuel
2020
Researdevelopaircrafoperatiappropcomplyaviatio10-9
Researcon newrather ones. Bshould tested potentia
Researcthat thepromisi
Researcconfigu
Researcand dev
Researcengines
RTD insheets efficien
RTD efficien
ch is aping ft and ions in 20priate standying with n safety sta
ch should bw aerodynam
than the BWB, boxed
be develto under
al.
ch should dee fanwing coing technolo
ch into novurations
ch, demvelopment
ch into ligs and batteri
nto the feaof flexib
nt solar cells
into the nt fuel cells
Table 37: A
aimed at pilotless
their 035, with dards and
the civil andards of
be focused mic shapes traditional
d wing etc. loped and rstand the
emonstrate oncept is a ogy
vel engine
monstration
ght weight ies
asibility of ble highly s
safe and
Aircraft related
AIR C
2035
FlyinUAS demo
New be with shape
Decidthe fconcecredib
Reseademoof novconfig
Imple
Demoeffort
Imple
Imple
d research top
CARGO TEC
g urban can be
onstrated
aircraft to designed
new es
de whether fan wing
ept is ble
arch and nstration vel engine gurations
ementation
onstration s
ementation
ementation
ics
CHNOLOG
2050
Implem
Implem
GY ROADM
mentation
mentation
MAP
191
Topic
Advanced diesel engfuel burnemissions
Advanced rotor desinoise cand high e
Advanced VSTOL/auengines
Equipment
Autonomoequipment
Advanced cost, low power upvolume
Low cost fl
Novel containers into standacontainersare develoway that can be (temperatupressure et
Aerodynam
Advanced solutions laminar reduction, advanced design
turbo prgines with n, noise a
propeller aign with characterisfficiency
utogyro
t
ous flit
avionics, weight,
ptake, sm
fly by wire
air cathat will
ard 20/ 40 f. Containped in sucthe conte
conditiure, humidtc.)
mics
aerodynainclud
flow, dB
VTOL/ST
2020
rop/ less and
Rendac
and low
stics
Rdeneco
Ref
ight Roffl
low low
mall
Ravso
Radw
argo fit
feet ners ch a ents ions dity,
Rofco
mic ding drag BLI, TOL
Faetacaco
RTD into ngines, emonstratictivities
RTD emonstratioew onfiguration
RTD on fficient engi
RTD on the f autolight
RTD in vionics inteocial media
RTD to dvanced f
wire systems
RTD for thef novel airontainers
resh looerodynamicailored foargo onfiguration
Table 38: A
2
novel
ion
and on of
prop ns
novel ines
concept onomous
new egrating
develop fly by s
e design r cargo
ok at cs or air aircraft
ns
Aircraft related
AIR C
2035
Implem
Impleme
Demonstand final
Implemepossibly safety board
Impleme
Impleme
Demonstand manufac
Validatiodemonstdesign
d research top
CARGO TEC
entation
entation
tration l design
entation first with pilot on
entation
entation
tration
cturing
on, ration and
ics
CHNOLOG
2050
Implem
Full im
Impro
GY ROADM
mentation
mplementati
vements
MAP
ion
192
Topic
Morphing technologieformation
RTD for flight
Advanced rotorcraft configurat
Structures
Advanced and sdesigned weight and
Advanced technology
Totally raircraft
Crashwortstructures
Low production
Unschedulmaintenanavoidance
es for flight
coupled
ions
s
materials structures for low
d low cost
nano y
recyclable
thy
cost n methods
led nce
2020
RTD wings
RTD feasibflight
RTD concestoppewing, etc.
RTD to conwith withou
RTD nano aviatio
RTD recycland ai
RTD crashwstructuditchin
RTD constrespeciprodu
RTD maintlengthmaintavoidaunschmaint
for morps
to establishbility of cou
into npts inclued rotor,
tilting w
for novel wnstruct airpllight structut pressure
for advamaterials
on
for reuse ling of airirport parts
for mworthy ures inclung
for ruction ially for s
uction runs
for low enance
hening enance perance
heduled enance
Table 39: A
2
phing A
h the upled
Id
novel uding
X wings
Id
ways lanes tures hull
Idd
anced for
Dd
and rcraft
D
more
uding
Di
low cost,
small
Di
cost by
riods, of
Di
Aircraft related
AIR C
2035
Application
Integration demonstrati
Integration demonstrati
Integration,demonstratidesign
Demonstratdesign
Demonstrat
Demonstratimplementa
Demonstratimplementa
Demonstratimplementa
d research top
CARGO TEC
n
and ion
and ion
ion and
tion and
tion
tion and ation
tion and ation
tion and ation
ics
CHNOLOG
2050
Applic
Applic
Aircrarecycl
GY ROADM
cation
cations
aft can be 1ed
MAP
00%
16
193
Recomme
The develoimportance
The Cargo and improvadoption m
A small groand Horizopilotless flyautogyro, n
Although nsuggestions
Near termissue may demonstrat
The incorpoalternative issues that another issuregulation a
Advanced pmaterials a
The innovaresearch paircraft dessafety issue
The new codemonstrat
The availabinsufficientcommercia
It is importIT systems all relevantprime drivIntermodal implementetransport pl
endations fo
opment of te of this tran
transport oving the ov
might reduce
oup should on 2020. Thying, autom
new engine a
no formal s can be ma
m aircraft dbe the deve the feasib
oration of nairports, thSESAR n
ue for SESAand in traffi
production and manufa
ative aviatiopart of Hosign. Researes as well as
ontainer ideed during th
ability of qut to look ol staff needs
tant to suppowill be onl
t players in ers. The lotransport l
ed to this elatforms tha
or the Euro
the future Ansport system
of the futureverall systeme the environ
prepare a mhe technologmation in Aand fuel con
work progade based on
developmenvelopment obility of nov
novel cargo he seamlesseeds to deaAR. The usic managem
methods anfacturing pr
on concepts orizon 2020rch should s advanced
ea should behe lifetime o
ualified stanly at univs attention t
ort the devely one of ththe transpo
ow load faike in passend the Comat are advisi
opean Com
Air Cargo sm for the Eu
e has to bem. An optinmental imp
master plangies to be d
ATM and thncepts, mor
ram for Hn preliminar
nt and demof new shorel short hau
operations travel in tal with. The of small U
ment.
nd novel marogram.
and techno0. Prime f
also cover configuratio
e given suffof Horizon
aff is a conversity gradto ensure th
elopment ofhe many asport chain arectors in traenger transpmmission sing the Com
mmission
system shouropean soc
ecome moreimal air capact of the a
n soon to addeveloped ihe restructurrphing etc.
orizon 202ry informati
monstrationrt haul aircul cargo airc
should be ithe Europeahe restructuUAS for urb
aterials for f
ologies coulfocus shoul
novel engions. New co
ficient atten2020.
ncern that duates. Othhat sufficien
f new seamlpects to cone involved. ansport neeport (see thshould mak
mmission.
AIR C
uld get thecial welfare
e and more rgo businesair cargo tra
ddress relevinclude VSTring of the
20 isexistinion.
n. As indicacraft. Cleancraft includi
incorporatedan sky, lowuring of theban transpo
future aircra
d be addresld be pilotlines and aioncepts for
ntion. After
should be er staff inc
nt staffing le
less transponsider. A tot
Customer ed to be imhe EC sponke sure that
CARGO TEC
e attention o, industrial
intermodalss model anansport.
vant technolTOL technoEuropean a
g at the m
ated in the Sky 2 pro
ing VTOL a
d in the SESw cost air tre Europeanrt tasks nee
aft could be
sed in the Cess flying rcraft contrair cargo sh
an initial re
addressed cluding piloevels will be
ort chains. Etal systems orientation,
mproved thnsored MODt aviation w
CHNOLOG
of the EC leadership.
l reducing rand efficien
logies for aiology, new airspace cla
moment of
roadmap, tovides the oaircraft desi
SAR progrraffic manan airspace ceds a new ap
e part of the
Collaboratiand the co
rol, low cohould also b
esearch pha
as well. Hots, maintene available i
E-freight andapproach i
, greening ahrough clevDAIR projewill be part
GY ROADM
considering
road congesnt cargo air
ir cargo airconfigurati
assification
writing, a
the most uropportunitieigns.
ram. The usgement etcclassificatiopproach bot
e Commissi
ive aeronauonsequencesst maintenabe addressed
se this coul
Here it wilnance staff in future.
d the associis needed wand cost wiver cooperaect) needs tt of the cur
MAP
g the
stion craft
craft ions, , the
few
rgent es to
se of . are
on is th in
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utics s for ance, d.
ld be
ll be f and
iated where
ll be ation. to be rrent
194
The Commuptake.
Close linksfuels like b
In short in research innanotechnothe Air Car
Transport rClean Sky wire and mSESAR hasunmanned u
The innovafor 2030 acoupled flig
In the transtransport c
mission is en
s should be io-fuels.
the first pilnfrastructureology, materrgo market.
research in as well as
maintenances been veryurban deliv
ative aviatios displayedght etc. Staf
sport prograchain. It sh
ncouraged to
established
llar of H202es. We recorials and m
the third pgeneric tech. SESAR sh
y much focuvery vehicles
on conceptsd in the roaffing was al
am sufficienhould deal
o ensure tha
d with the E
20 we see thommend thaanufacturin
pillar shouldhnology isshould take iused on sches.
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nt attention with conce
at research a
EC Energy
Figure 143:
he need to tat the poten
ng part of th
d enable thesues as laminto accouneduled pass
ologies shofety should tioned.
should be gepts, gover
AIR C
and demons
program o
EC
take future ntial of air
he second pi
e demonstrinar flow, n
nt the new dsenger flight
uld take inttake into a
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CARGO TEC
tration activ
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illar. Innova
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to account taccount the
ustomer cenappropriat
CHNOLOG
vities are le
elopment of
nto accountlso recognization in SM
ew smaller nes and systnts in air caould include
the air carge idea of un
ntred, seamlte E-tools
GY ROADM
ading to ma
f future avia
in FET as zed in the I
ME’s can ben
cargo planetems like flargo. Up to e air freight
go opportunnmanned fl
less, intermand ensure
MAP
arket
ation
well ICT, nefit
es in y by now
t and
nities ight,
modal e the
195
implementalanding site
Appropriaterepresented
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As stated th
ation. The es as well. S
e platformsd in these bo
the smart, gnd demonstr, data links
where a conta
he aviation f
future air Such ideas s
s should be odies.
green and iration for aiand E-Systainer was st
fuel needs a
cargo infrashould be in
used by th
integrated tir cargo, theems need totolen throug
attention in
astructure wncorporated
he Commiss
transport paere is a neeo be well prgh hacking
the energy
AIR C
will not onin future re
sion to rece
art of the thed for attentrotected. Thof the inform
program pa
CARGO TEC
ly include esearch.
ive advice.
hird pillar wtion in the she recent exmation syst
art of the thi
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regular air
Air Cargo
will be thesecurity parxperience intems is just
ird pillar.
GY ROADM
rports but l
should be
e focus areart as more cn the harbouone exampl
MAP
local
well
a for cloud ur of le.
17
[1] [2] [3] [4]
[5]
[6] [7]
[8] [9] [10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
196
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es
(2011). Mov011). Global, (2012). Ai& Zhang,
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011). Global(2008). Thefer, “The ai
2012. ational Civi
fer, “The ai2012. ” Civ
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le.hofstra.ed“The
ogbyjavier.
ving Boxesl Market For Cargo TecY. (2002).
ort ManagemAerospace. (
ving Boxesr Cargo Conesis). TU Dl Market Foe Impacts ofirports choic
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irports choic
vil Avdefault.aspx
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by Air. Craorecast 2011chnology RIssues on l
ment, 8: 2752010). May
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Delft, ATO. Dorecast 2011f Globalisatce for sched
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ce for sched
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on,” [Onlin
duled charte
Authorit&pagetype=port sy/conc3en/evier,” 16affic-growth
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hgate.
on of air ca
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hgate. rformance ADelft.
rnational Aer operation
ne]. Availab
er operation
ty, 20=88&sglid=ystem,” volairtransp
6 April h-vs-aircraf
CARGO TEC
rgo service
or Freight T
Assessment
ir Transportns in Europe
ble: www.ic
ns in Europe
012. 21. 2012.
port.html. 2011.
ft-orders/.
CHNOLOG
es in interna
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t Model for
rtation Active,” Univers
cao.org. [Ac
e,” Univers
[Online].
[Online].
[Online]
GY ROADM
ational avia
on. Luxemb
Future Dem
vity. sity of Antw
ccessed 29
sity of Antw
Availa
Availa
. Availa
MAP
ation.
burg:
mand
werp,
May
werp,
able:
able:
able:
18
197
Appendix A – DELAATA Analysis for longg haul shipp
AIR C
ping costs
CARGO TECCHNOLOGGY ROADM
MAP
198
AIR CCARGO TECCHNOLOGGY ROADM
MAP
199
Souurce US Aid
AIR C
d Africa
CARGO TECCHNOLOGGY ROADM
MAP
