Bond coat surface rumpling in thermal barrier coatings

19

Transcript of Bond coat surface rumpling in thermal barrier coatings

������� ����� ������������������ �������!

��� #"$�%��� &�(')&�����*�%�+���,�#���! -�

.0/2143#576�/289/;:=<9>?3#5A@B8DC�19/28�E#<GFIH9JK@BLMLONQP�RS@B/KTUWV�X�Y;Z\[^]_Va`b[�cedgfih�Vjc;ZjV\[^kmlnYKoiY;`qpIr,XsX�otkuVjpwv�Vxl�hyY;`9kulaz{%`9k^|�VaZ}znk~[^��ced��no�otk�`qc;k�zj��{7Z=�xY;`qY����e���K�2�4�s����{7��r

�&���*�����\�e����S�������u�^�_ �¡a�^¢¤£¦¥¨§¨¥©�Aªb�e«¦��¬a�u�^�­¢e§}£¦¢¤���^¥©�u�K®m�S¢¤��¥¨�a�S¯�¥°¯2 ��u���u�^�­¥¨�a�* ±£nª%��¬a�#�²�*®³¬}´

¢e��¥¨¯���¯#���*¯�µ¶�S��¯�¥¨£\§©�b«t�e�·��¬a�%�n¡�®u§©�*¢¤��¥©�S�¸¢e�� -�e����¹9��¬,�e«s¥¨�j���u��«º¢e®u¥¨¢e§�®m�^¢e®^»n¯·£¶�u�¼¹y�u�*�®m�S¢¤��¥¨�a�,¢e�\ ½¯�¡a£\¯����³¢¤���e¾�¿q�a�­¯�¡�®³¬0�²�*®³¬�¢e��¥¨¯��À¥°¯q��¬a�²µ����e�e���*¯^¯�¥©Áe�²���S¡a�S¬��*��¥¨�a�Â�e�à �^¡��²µ¦§¨¥¨�a�Sı�e«K��¬a�i£¶�S�� �®m�S¢¤�q¯�¡a�^«Å¢e®m�%¡�µ=�S����¬a�u�^�­¢e§�®mª}®u§¨¥¨���a¾?ÆQ��¬a�u�^�­�n aª}��¢e�­¥°®¢e��¢e§©ª}¯�¥¨¯²¥¨¯�µ\���*¯��*�j���* )¥¨�Ç��¬�¥¨¯�µ¦¢¤µ=�u�²£¦¢e¯��* ��S�)¢0¯������*¯�¯È´¼ a�³¥©Áe�*��¯�¡a��«º¢e®m�� �¥ÊÉ�¡�¯�¥¨�S��²�*®^¬\¢e��¥¨¯��Ë�����mÌ}µ\§¨¢e¥¨�)��¬a�,£¶�S�� �®m�S¢¤�&�³¡��²µ\§¨¥°�a�¸µ\���n®m�*¯^¯u¾ÎÍ9¬a�¸¯�¡a��«º¢e®m�¸®³¬a�*�­¥Ê´®u¢e§�µ¶�e���*�x��¥¨¢e§�Á¤¢¤�^¥¨¢¤��¥¨�S�Ç���*Ïj¡\¥©���* �«t�e�­¯�¡\®^¬�¢½ �¥ÊÉ�¡�¯�¥¨�S�$µ��^�n®m�*¯�¯²¥°¯±®u¢e¡\¯��* �£nª$��¬a�®^¬�¢e���e�*¯7¥¨�0��¬a��¯�¡a�^«Å¢e®m���*�a�u���eª½¢e�� 0��¬��­�*§¨¢e¯���¥¨®�¯����^¢e¥¨�$�*�a�u���eª½¥¨�½��¬a��¯�ªn¯����*�-¾ÂÐA�¥¨¯²«Å�S¡��� (��¬�¢¤����¬a�Ñ¢e�²µ\§¨¥¨��¡� a�Â�e«i¯�¡a��«º¢e®m��Ò\¡\®m��¡�¢¤��¥©�S��¯�¹G¥©��¬)¢$¹y¢�Áe�*§©�*�a�e��¬Ó¬�¥©�S¬}´�u�q��¬�¢e�!¢���¬����*¯�¬a�S§¨ ¸Á¤¢e§¨¡a���²�S�a�e���S��¥¨®u¢e§°§©ª�¥¨��®m���*¢e¯��*¯q¹G¥©��¬¸��¬a�u�^�­¢e§2®mªn®u§°¥¨�a�aÔ¶¹G¬�¥¨§¨���¬a�%¢e�²µ¦§¨¥©��¡� a�q«Å�e�9Ò\¡�®m��¡\¢¤��¥©�S��¯#¹G¥¨��¬�§©��¹y�u�G¹�¢*Áe�*§¨�*�a�e��¬,��¬\¢e�-��¬a�i��¬a�^�*¯�¬a�S§¨ -Á¤¢e§¨¡a��²�S�a�e���S��¥°®u¢e§¨§©ª½ a�*®m���*¢e¯��*¯*¾�ÆÕ�^¢e�a�e���e«#¹�¢*Áe�*§¨�*�a�e��¬�¯�¥¨¯i¥¨ ��*�x��¥©Ö\�* ½���¸¬�¢�Áe�&¢¸¬�¥©�S¬�²�S�a�e���S��¥°®b¢e�­µ\§¨¥©��¡� ��·¥¨��®m�^�*¢e¯���¢e®u®m�S¡��x��¥°�a��«t�e�#��¬a��¯�¡���«Å¢e®m�q�^¡\�²µ\§¨¥¨���i�e«;��¬a��£¶�S�� ®m�S¢¤�y¡�µ=�S����¬��u�^�­¢e§\®mª}®u§¨¥¨���a¾2Í9¬\¥¨¯K�^¢e�a�e�·�e«=¹�¢*Áe�*§¨�*�a�e��¬�¯y�e£���¢e¥¨�a�* ­«t���S�g��¬a�G�²�} a�*§¢¤�e���u�*¯9�^�*¢e¯��S��¢¤£\§©ª&¹y�*§¨§¶¹G¥©��¬-�mÌ}µ¶�u�^¥¨�²�*�j��¢e§¶�e£\¯��u�^Á×¢¤��¥©�S�\¯u¾

Ø~Ù�Ú�ÛBÛAÜ~ݼÞnÚ�ßjàeáâßxãbä�åeæAçSÚ�Û³è�é;êqä�áâëÅì¶í~îðïÅçxÝAáÊä×ñ?åSáòåxó*è ܳàSå�ôSõxä*ö}ìs÷×øtùS÷mú*û2ùuü�üiý�úuþ¤ú¤è

ÿ

����������� �����n�����*¯�¯2 a�^¥©Áe�*�7¯�¡a��«º¢e®m�? \¥Êɶ¡\¯�¥©�S���×Í9¬a�u�^�­¢e§°§©ª�¢e®m��¥©Á×¢¤���* ±µ��^�n®m�*¯�¯��*¯����y�S¢¤�È´¥¨�a����Í9¬\¥¨�&Ö\§¨�­¯

� ��� ������ "! #$�%�&���')(+*-,/.103254�0�,/,/67* ,�8 9�0�:/6<;+=3>@?A'@B)CD>�EF03,/*DG+,/*->/* ;�:/27HI4J* 67;+=LK+>M* NO03>FG+,M93:�*-8-:/67PQ*)(5*�0�:R,M* >/67>M:�03;�:8 9Q0�:�67;+=Q>S9Q;T>/K+GJ* ,/032<279UHV8 9Q.OGJ9Q;+* ;�:/>�67;W:/(+*X(+93:�>/*-8-:�679Q;+>�93Y+=Q03>Z:�K+,M4+6<;+*->\[ ÿ^]`_�acb ')(+*d'@B)CD>(�0�PQ*T4J* * ;e>/(59Uf@;g:�9h,M* N+K+8-*T:/(+*W9QGJ* ,�0i:�6<;5=j:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*�93Y�:/(+*W>/K+GJ* ,/032<279�Hk>)4�Hg0�>).jK+8�(03> ÿ�lQm3n CVo&6<.OG+,/9�Pp6<;5=q:�(+*g8-,/* *-Gr03;5Ns9�tk6<N�0i:�6<93;u2<67Yv*w93Yx:/(+*g8 9Q,M,/*->/GJ9Q;+N+67;+=y=Q03>j:�K+,M4+6<;5*8 93.1GJ9Q;+*-;`:/> b{z >/K5,MPQ*^H|6<;u*�0�,/27H ÿ�}Q}Qm >I* >M:/6<.10�:�*-Nu:�(�0�:I:/(+*g*-~O8 67* ;+8^H{=�0367;+>I,/*->/K+2�:�6<;5=Yv,/93.�:�(+*�6<;58 9Q,MG�9Q,/0�:�679Q;I93Y�:�(+*�'@B)C|:/* 8�(+;+932<9Q=3Hh8-9QK+27NOGJ93:/* ;�:�6<032<2�Hj>�0�P3*VK+Gh:�9T� m .1672<2<679Q;=�03272<9Q;5>�9�Y+YvK+* 2�?�0�G+G+,/9�tk6<.10�:/* 27HW� ÿ 4+672<276<9Q;�E�0xHQ* 03,�Yv9Q,�0��+* *-:F93Y ÿ�mQm3m 0367,/8 ,/0�Y�:�>d[�� a�b�� ;j>MG+67:/*93Y\:/(+* >M*�03NkP30�;`:�03=Q*-> o�:/(+*w'@B\C�:�* 8�(5;+9Q2<93=3H�(�03>T4�*-* ;�67;+8 93,/GJ9Q,�0�:/* N�6<;�:�(+*O=�03>W:�K+,M4+6<;5*6<;5N+K+>M:/,MH�,/0�:�(5* ,@>/279Uf@2�H bz '@B\Cs>MHp>M:/* .�?���67= bGÿ ER8-9Q;+>M6<>M:/>d9�YZ0W8 * ,/03.O6<8):�9QGJ8 9Q0�:d03;+N103;w67;`:/* ,M.1*-N+6�0�:/*T?A.O*-:�032��2<678�E\4J9Q;+N�8-9�0�:j?�B)C)E@N+* GJ9Q>/6�:�*-N�9Q;�0O>/K+4+>�:�,/0�:�*j>MK+GJ* ,�0�2<2<9�He0�:V(+6<=3(�:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/* > b '\fd9

8 93.1.O9Q;ON+* GJ9Q>/6�:�679Q;wG+,M9k8-* >M>/* >\03,/*xG+2�03>M.w0W>/G5,�0�H�0�;+N�* 27* 8^:�,/93;w4J*�03.�G+(�Hp>/678�032JP30�G�9Q,XN+*��GJ9Q>/6�:�6<93; ?��RBX���&�L WE b ')(5*�4J9Q;+N¡8-9�0�:¢67>¢.w03N5*£93Ys* 67:/(+* ,¤�R2<0�:�67;`K+.h��032<K5.167;+6<N+*¢93,¥x6�CD9`CD, z 2�¦§03272<9�Hp> oVf@(56<2<*�:/(+*�8 * ,/03.O6<8�2�0�H3* ,g6<>e0327.19Q>�:e0327fD0�Hp>e.103N+*�93Y l�¨ Hp67:M:�,M6�0i�>M:�034+672<6<©-* NI©-6<,/8-9Q;+6<0 b�z ,M*�038^:�6<93;OG5,/9pN+K+8-: o�:�(+*-,/.1032<2�Hª=3,/9�f@;19�tk6<N5*«?v'�¬ª­WE�oQN+*-P3* 279QG�*->D0�;+N=Q,M9Uf@>x0�:):/(+*TB)CX��8-* ,�0�.1678�6<;�:�*-,MYA038-*ª0i:x(56<=Q(�:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/* > b ')(5*T:/(+* ,M.w032�*^tkG�03;+>M6<9Q;e8 9i�*-~O8-6<* ;�:/>�93Y&:�(+*->/*I8-9Q;+>M:/67:/K+* ;�:�>�9�YX0�'@B)C®>�Hp>M:�*-.¯03,M*jN+6�°�*-,/* ;�: o±=Q67Pp67;+=w,M6<>/*T:�9�,M* >/67N+K�032>M:/,/*->/>/*->L03>):/(+*W>M:�,MK+8-:/K+,/*T8 9p9Q27>DYv,/9Q.²:�(+*WG+,M9k8-* >/>M6<;+=h:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/* b­L;+*R93Yk:/(+*X6<.OG�9Q,�:�03;�:�G+,/9Q452<* .O>Z2<67.16�:�67;+=X:/(+*RK+>/*X93Yk'@B)CD>�6<>±:�(5*X279Q;+=��c:�*-,/.³N5K+,�03456<2<6�:�H93Y):/(+* >M*�8 9�0i:�6<;5=Q> b�� :I(�03>ª4�*-* ;u9Q4+>M* ,�PQ* N{:�(+0�:I0�Y�:/* ,«0q8 *-,M:�0�6<;u03.O9QK+;�:ª93Y@>/*-,MPp6<8-*�2<6�Yv*3o:�(5*x8-9�0�:�67;+=Q>RN+*-2�03.O6<;�0i:�*3o�*�tkG�9Q>M6<;+=W:�(5*VK+;+N5* ,/2�Hp6<;+=T>/K+GJ* ,/032<279�HI.w0i:�* ,M6�032 b�´ 6<;+8-*�:/(+*�2<9p8�032:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/*@6<;I:�(5*x(+9�:d>M* 8^:�6<93;193YJ:�(5*x=�0�>R:/K+,/456<;+*@8�0�;1*�t58-* *-Nw:�(+*@.O* 2�:�6<;5=L:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*93Yx:�(+*e>/K+GJ* ,/032<279�HQod:/(+*eN+* 2<03.167;�0�:/6<9Q;�9�YL'@B)CD>18�03;s4�*gPQ*-,MH|N�03;+=3* ,/93K+> b ')(5*q,/* 03>/93;+>

4J* (+67;+N�:�(+67>�>MK+N+N+*-;qN+*-2�03.O6<;+0�:�679Q;�03,M*WG�9p9Q,/2�HwK5;+N+* ,M>M:/9k9pN bµ¶(+6<27*�67:I67>I=Q* ;5* ,�0�2<27Hy·`;+9�f@;s:/(�0�:I:�(5*�¸�;�032)'@B)C%YA036<27K+,/*w9k8-8 K+,M>O4�Hu45K+8�·`2<6<;5=y0�;+N>/G+032<276<;+=�93Y�:�(+*@8-* ,�0�.1678�2<0�HQ* ,-o�:�(+*�9Q,/67=Q6<;I9�Y�:�(5*x,M* ¹`K+6<,M* NO8 ,M67:�678�032k��0�fº6<>&f@6<N5* 27HjN+* 4�0i:�* N b´ 9Q.O*O03;�032�Hp>/* >W67;�:/(+*OG�03>M:T(�0�P3*wGJ9Q6<;�:�*-N�:�9g:�(+*h,/932<*h93YX:�(+*O'�¬ª­%Yv9Q,/.O* Ny0�:�:/(+*wB\CX�8 *-,�03.O6<8q6<;�:�*-,MYA038-*�6<;º6<;5N+K+8 67;+=�:�(5*�YA0i:�032���0�f@>»[�¼ko l�acb�z ;+93:/(+* ,�.O* 8�(+03;+6<>M.�ow½M>MK+,MYA038-*,/K5.1G+276<;+=3¾L93Y�:/(+*�B)CVo`.w0�Hj032<>M9T67;+N+K+8-*)YA036<27K+,/*\��0�f@>V[ }�]�ÿ�¿�a�b ��* ;+;+*^YA0�:�(5* ,d03;+N1BD9k93;+*ª[ }�a>/(59Ufd* N�:�(�0i:�G+2�0i:�6<;`K+.À0327K+.167;+6<N5*«03;5Ny¥�6�CD9`CD, z 2Á¦�8 9�0i:�6<;5=Q>L93YXN+6�°�*-,/* ;�:W8-9Q.1GJ9Q>M67:�679Q;+>N+*-G�9Q>M67:/* NÂ93;r0y>MK+GJ* ,�0�2<2<9�Hu>MK+4+>�:�,�0i:�*q(+0�P3*�0�:/* ;+N5* ;+8^Hs:/9¤½M,MK+.OG+2<*-¾+oD6 b * b oX:�9»4J* 8-9Q.O*fD0�P`He9Q;e:�(+*-,/.1032±8-Hp8-2<6<;5= b ')(+*W:�(5* ,/.1032Z8^Hk8-2<*T* .OG+2<9�H3* Nq67;e:/(+* 67,@*^tkG�*-,/67.1*-;`:�8-9Q;+>/67>M:/* N93Y�(5*�0�:/6<;+=�:�(+*)B\CX��>/K54+>M:/,�0�:/*D:�9V034�93K5: ÿ�mQÃ3mVn C»67;I� m ��� à .167;pKk:�* >-o3(+932<N+67;+=�:/(+*D>MG�*-8 67.1*-;+>0�:S:�(+0�:S:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*RYv93,�0�4�9QKk:S� à .O6<;`K5:/* >-o303;5Nª8-9k9Q276<;+=\:/9x,M9k93.³:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*R6<;T034J9QK5: Ã.O6<;`K5:�*-> b ')(+*dB)Cy>/K5,MYA038-* >�N+*-P3* 2<93G�*-NªfD0�Pp67;+* >M>�f@67:/(W8�(�03,�0�8-:�*-,/67>M:�678&f\0�PQ*-2<*-;+=3:�(5>�,�0�;+=Q6<;5=Yv,/93. ÿ�¿Qm � ¿ � ÃwÄ . b  L* 4�*-:«032 b [ ÿ�m�a 0�2<>/9�Yv9QK5;+Ny:/(�0�:W:�(+*hG+2<0�:�67;`K+.¯.O9kN+6�¸�* N�03>�fd* 272d0�>K+;+.O9pN+67¸�*-N{032<K5.167;+6<N+*1B)C�>/GJ* 8 67.1*-;+>I>/(59Ufd* NÂ,/K+.OG+2<67;+=q4J* (+0�Pp679Q,jf@67:/(s0�fD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(93YT034J9QK5: ÿ�mQm»Ä . K5G�9Q;s:�(+*-,/.1032x8^Hp8 2<67;+= b ')(5*q:�(+*-,/.1032�8-Hp8 27* >�6<;|:�(+*-6<,1*^tkG�*-,/67.1*-;`:/>8 93;+>/67>M:�*-Nw93Y�0 _Qm .167;pKk:�*@*^tkGJ9Q>/K+,M*V0i: ÿnÿ�mQmQn C{Yv9Q272<9�fD*-Nh4`HO0 ÿ�m .O6<;`K5:�*�0367,F8 9p9Q276<;+=�G+,M6<9Q,:�9W,M* (+* 0�:�67;+= b�� ;O0�,/*-8 *-;`:dG�03GJ* ,-o�'�932<G�Hp=Q9T03;+N1CD2�03,M·3*T[ ÿ}ÿ a ,M* GJ9Q,M:/* Nh>/67.1672�03,�,/K5.1G+276<;+=V9Q;G+2<0�:�67;pK5.h�Å.19pN+67¸+* NI;+678�·3* 2�032<K5.167;+6<N+*)8-9�0�:/6<;+=Q> b �R038�(�:�(5* ,/.1032J8-Hp8 27*V67;1:�(5* 6<,d*^tkGJ* ,/67.1*-;�:8 93;+>/67>M:�*-N³93Y«(+*�0i:�6<;5=Â03;5N³8 9p9Q276<;+=u93Yj0|>MK+GJ* ,�0�2<2<9�Hº>MK+4+>�:�,�0i:�*»8-9�0�:/* N¶f@67:�(ÆG+2<0�:�67;pK5.h�.O9kN+6�¸�* Ny;+6<8�·�* 2D032<K+.O6<;56<N+*hB)C�Yv,M9Q.¡,/9p9Q.¯:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/*1:/9 ÿ � mQmQn C b ')(+*�(+* 0�:�67;+=�0�;+N8 9p9Q276<;+=e:�6<.O* >ªfD*-,/*e034J9QK5:1� m .O6<;`K5:/* >«f@6�:�(|0�(+9Q27N�:�6<.O*w9�Y ÿ (+93K+,h0�: ÿ � mQmQn C bFz Y�:�*-,034J9QK5: ÿ�mQm >/K+8�(»8-Hp8 27* > o�:�(+*O>/K+,�YA038 *1,/K+.OG+27* N�f@67:�(y0efD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(�9�Y ¿Qm � Ã3m�Ä .¡03;+N»03;03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*X9�Y�034J9QK5: ÿ�m � ÿUÃ)Ä . b ­L;«:/(+*D9�:�(+*-,�(�03;5N±o3:�(5*\03K5:/(+9Q,M>�9Q4+>M* ,�PQ* NI:/(�0�:�f@(5* ;j:�(5*>�0�.1*@>MHp>�:�* .%fD03>X>/K+4pÇM*-8-:/* N�:�9W67>/93:/(+* ,M.w03259�tk67N�0�:�679Q;�? ÿ�m3m (59QK+,/>d0�: ÿ�mQm3mQn C)E�op;59ª>MK+,MYA038-*,/K5.1G+276<;+=�9p8 8 K5,/* N b ��03>�:�(+* 0�:�67;+=u03;5Nr8 9p9Q2<67;+=»,/0�:�*->�? ÿ�m�Ã3mQn C$:/9 ¿QmQm3n CÈ:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*8�(�03;5=Q*167;»0�4�9QKk:«0e.167;`K5:�*�EW0�G+G+2<67* N�:�9�B)CX�Å>/K+GJ* ,/032<279UH�>MHp>M:/* .§032<9Q;5=gf@6�:�(�.1*-8�(�03;+678�0322<9Q03N+6<;5=q93Y@:�(5*�>/K+GJ* ,/032<279UH�fD03>h0327>/9�Yv9QK+;5N�:�9�,/*->/K+2�:I6<;{B\C%,MK+.OG+2<67;+=u[ ÿ �ko ÿ�¿ia 8 93K+G+2<*-Nf@67:/(q93:/(+* ,@:�(5* ,/.1032S>/(59k8�·g*-°�* 8^:�>L>MK+8�(�03>�'�¬T­�Yv9Q,/.10�:�679Q;e03;+N�>/K+4+>M* ¹`K+*-;`:T>MG�032<276<;+=I93,

¿

½M>M8�03272<9QG+67;+=Q¾O[ ÿ � a�bF� ;OG+,/*->/* ;58 *L93Y�:�(+*�8 *-,�03.O6<8)8-9�0�:/6<;+=+oQ:/(+*�,/9QK+=3(+* ;+67;+=T8�03K+>M* N�4�Hh8^Hk8-2<6789�tk6<N�0�:/6<9Q;g8 03;�=367PQ*W,M6<>/*�:/9O8-,�038�·`>V0�:):�(+*ªB)CX�Å8 * ,/03.O6<8�6<;�:/* ,MYA0�8 * b ')(+*->/*T8 ,�0�8�·p>x8�03;g:�(5* ;8 9Q032<*->/8 *�:/9hYv93,/.É0I8 ,/038�·�>/Kk~18-6<*-;`:/27H�2<03,/=3*V:�9O6<;+6�:�6<0�:�*xN+* 2<03.167;�0�:/6<9Q;OYA036<27K+,/* b')(+*wG5,/* >M* ;�:«fd9Q,M·�6<>W6<;+>MG+6<,M* N�4�H�:/(+* >M*1934+>/*-,MP�0�:�679Q;+>ª03;+Ny0�:/:/* .OG5:�>W:�9e*^tkG+2<036<;�:�(5*

9Q4+>M* ,�PQ* N³>/K+,�YA038 *y,/9QK+=3(+* ;+67;+=|4�*-(�0�Pk679Q,g6<;º:�(5*»B)CÊ.w0�:/* ,M6�0327>�K+GJ9Q;Ë:/(+* ,M.w032�8^Hp8 2<67;+= bÌx*-,/*�okfd*L* .OG+2<9�Hj:/(+*V.O*-:/(+9pNwK+>M* N�:�9ª>M:/K+N5H1>/K+,�YA038 *x,/9QK+=3(+* ;+67;+=«67;w>M* .O6<8 93;+N+K+8^:�9Q,X:�(+67;¸�27.1>«[ ÿ � acb ')(+*->/*j¸�27.1>-oJf@(+672<*T4�*-6<;+=1G+,/9p8 *->/>M* N�0�: _3mQm ��¼ mQmQn CVo�N+*^PQ* 279QG�0w8�(+03,�038^:�*-,/6<>�:�678,/93K+=Q(+;+*->/>e(�0�Pp6<;+=s0{fD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(Ë93Y«(`K+;5N+,/*-N+>q93Y«;�03;+93.1*^:�* ,M>g9Q;Æ:/(+* 67,�Yv,/*-*y>MK+,MYA038-* > b')(+67>wG+(+*-;+9Q.O* ;+93;rf\03>w*^tkG+2�0�6<;+*-Nr>/K+8-8 *->/>MYvK52<27HÂ4�Hr��,/*-K+;+N¶03;5Nr8 9�fd9Q,/·�* ,/>y[ ÿUÃ�]�ÿ�l�a 4`H03>M>/K+.O6<;+=�:/(�0�:j:/(+*g9Q4+>M* ,MP3* N|>/K+,�YA038 *g.O9Q,/G5(+9Q2<93=3H�6<>I0�,/*->/K+2�:I93Yx>M:/,/* >M>hN+,/6�PQ* ;{>MK+,MYA038-*N+6�°�K+>M6<9Q;�[ ÿ�}U] � ¿ia 93YZ:/(+*x:/(+6<;1¸�2<.%.10�:�*-,/6<032J032<9Q;5=ª:�(5*xYv,/*-*L>/K5,MYA038-* b&� ;�:�(5*VG+,M* >/*-;�:)fD9Q,M·�o0I>/67.1672�03,D03G+G+,M9�038�(e6<>\:�0�·3* ;g:�9h>�:�K+N5H�:/(+*WG+(+*-;+9Q.O* ;+9Q;e93Y�B)CÆ>MK+,MYA0�8 *T,/K+.OG+2<67;+= bÍ Î ��Ï Ð®�Ñ�Ò��� ΠУÓ�!§Ô%�%�&��� Õ´ 67.1672�03,«:/9»:�(5*�>M:/K+N+6<*->w9Q;s:�(+67;¸�2<.O>q[ ÿUÃ�]�ÿ�l�a o\fd*�8 9Q;5>/6<N5* ,1:/(+*�>�:�,/*->/>�N+,M67P3* ;r>MK+,MYA038-*N+6�°�K+>M6<9Q;�03>�:/(+*hN+9Q.O6<;�03;�:�.O* 8�(+03;+6<>M.¯N+K+,M6<;+=g:�(5*1B\CÖ>/K5,MYA038-*1.O9Q,/G5(+9Q2<93=3Hq*^PQ9Q27K5:�679Q; b��K+,M:/(+* ,-o\:�(+*�N+,/6�Pp6<;+=�Yv9Q,/8-*�Yv9Q,h:�(+67>1N567°�K+>/679Q;Â67>O:/(+*�:/(+* ,M.w032�.O6<>/.10�:/8�(s>�:�,/*->/>�67;s:�(5*8 9Q0�:�67;+= b ')(+*�N+6�°�K5>/6<93;Ë0i:�:�(+*�B)CX�Å>/K+45>M:�,/0�:�*�6<;�:/* ,MYA0�8 *�6<>�;5* =Q27* 8-:/* NÆ>/67;+8 *�67:g67>�>/*-* ;:�9y.w0�6<;�:�0367;s6�:�>O>/(�0�G�*�N+K+,/67;+=»,M9QK+=Q(5* ;+67;+=»93YV:�(+*eYv,/* *�>/K+,�YA038 *q93YL:�(5*q8 9Q0�:�67;+=º[ }U]�ÿ�¿�acb')(+*«:/(+* ,M.19pN5Hp;�03.O6<8ª¹`K�03;�:�6�:�H�:/(�0�:LN5,/67P3* >V:/(+*j>M(�03GJ*I8�(�03;+=Q*«93Y&:�(+*jB)C¤>/K+,�YA038 *j67>V:�(5*8�(+*-.1678�032RGJ93:�*-;`:/6�032 b ')(+*18�(+* .O6<8 032RG�93:/* ;�:�6<032coSK+;5N+* ,ª8 * ,�:�0367;»8-9Q;+N+6�:�6<93;+> o�8�(�03;+=3* >«93;+27H03>«0�,/*->/K+2�:j93YD:�(+*18�(�03;+=Q*16<;�:�(+*1>/K+,�YA038 *�*-;+* ,M=3Hy03;+N»:/(+*w*-2�03>�:�6781>�:�,�0�6<;»*-;+* ,M=3H�93Y):�(5*>MHp>�:�* . b µ»*«8�03;�N5*-¸�;+*j:/(+*j8�(+*-.1678�032�G�9�:�* ;�:/6�032�oJ×Ro±93;q:�(+*ªYv,/* *«>/K+,�YA038 *I93Y&:/(+*j8-9�0�:�67;+=+o03>ª[ ÿUà o ÿ ¼ a o ×�Ø�?ÅÙ¶Ú|Û�ÙFÜMEMÝ ? ÿ Ef@(+*-,/*eÛu6<>ª:/(+*�B)C£>MK+,MYA038-*�8 K+,�P�0�:�K+,M*3oRÝ�6<>T:�(+*�B\C�0i:�9Q.O6<8hPQ9Q27K+.O*3odÙ$6<>ª:/(+*�*-2�03>�:�6<8>M:/,�0367;»*-;+* ,M=3H»GJ* ,«K+;+67:TPQ932<K+.O*w0i:«:�(5*�B)C£>/K5,MYA038-*3oR03;+N|ÙFÜW6<>W:�(5*�B)C�>/K5,MYA038-*�* ;+*-,/=3H

GJ* ,WK+;+6�:T03,/* 0 b Ìx* ,M*gÙ�ÜL67>L:�03·�* ;y:/9g4�*10�8 9Q;+>�:�03;�: o�Þ b ')(+*IP30�,/6�0i:�6<93;�6<;�:�(+*h8�(+*-.1678�032GJ93:�*-;`:/6�032Z93;�:�(5*TYv,M* *T>/K+,�YA038 *T93Y�:/(+*T8 9�0�:/6<;+=ON+,M67PQ*->�:/(+*TN+67°�K+>/679Q;e93Y�:/(+*ª>MK+,MYA0�8 *j0i:�9Q.O> b')(+*x;pK5.j4�*-,d9�YS0�:�93.1>RG�03>M>/67;+=j0TG�9Q67;�:d93;1:�(5*x>MK+,MYA038-*VGJ* ,XK+;+6�:d:/6<.O*)G�*-,DK+;+6�:R:�(+678�·p;5* >/>-oßFo�6<>xG+,/9QGJ9Q,�:�6<93;�032Z:�9w:/(+*j8�(+*-.1678�032�G�9�:�* ;�:/6�032�=Q,�0�N+6�03;�:V032<93;+=1:/(+*j>/K5,MYA038-*3oZ03;5N�6<>V=367PQ*-;4�H�:�(5*ª¥�* ,M;+>M:��à�&6<;+>�:�*-6<;e,/* 2<0�:�679Q;�[���� a 03>-o

ßqØ®Úwá Ü/â)Üãpä å ×å�æ?c�3E

f@(+*-,/* á Ü\67>\:�(+*W>MK+,MYA038-*ªN567°�K+>/6�Pk6�:�HQo�â)Üd6<>):�(+*W;`K+.j4J* ,@93Y�0�:/9Q.1>)GJ* ,@K+;567:x03,/* 05o ã 6<>):�(5*BD9Q2�:�©-.w03;�çè>)8-9Q;+>M:�03;�:�oJ03;+N ä 67>\:�(+*ª034+>M9Q2<K5:/*�:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M* b ¥x93:/*T:/(�0�: á Ü\6<>�0jYvK+;+8^:�679Q;93Y�:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*1[è��� a =Q67P3* ;e4�HQoá Ü&Ø áhé *�t5G�?àÚxê3ë ãpä E ? ¿ E

f@(+*-,/*@êV67>F:�(+*@038^:�6�P30i:�6<93;j* ;+*-,/=3H b CD9Q;+>M* ,�P30i:�6<93;O9�Y�.103>M>R0�:&*�0�8�(1GJ9Q6<;�:R0�2<9Q;+=x:�(+*)>MK+,MYA038-*93Y+:/(+*D8-9�0�:/6<;+=�,/*->/K+2�:�>�67;«0�PQ* 279k8-67:�HW8-9Q.1GJ9Q;+*-;�:�93Y5:�(+*d2<9p8�032`0�:/9Q.O>�;+93,/.1032Q:�9�:�(+*d>/K+,�YA038 *�oì+í5oS?A��6<= b �QE\=Q67P3* ;g4�HQo

ì�íªØ®ÚVÝ å ßåJæØ á ÜMâ)Ü�Ý\îãpä å îåJæ î

[ïÙ¶Ú{Û5Þ a ?A��Eµ»*R;+9�f�03G+G+2�H��&¹ b ?v�`E�:�9):�(+*&G5,/9Q4+27* .¤9�Yk,M9QK+=Q(5* ;+67;+=@93Yk:/(+*R8 9�0i:�6<;5=)9Q;�:�(+*R>/K5G�*-,�03272<9�H b

z >)>�:�0�:/* Ng4J*-Yv9Q,M*3ok:/(+*�N+6�°�K+>M6<9Q;�032<9Q;5=«:�(+*V8 9�0�:/6<;+=i��>/K54+>M:/,�0�:/*L6<;�:�*-,MYA038-*L6<>\03>/>MK+.1*-N�:�9I4J*;+*-=Q2<67=Q6<4+27*X03>F8 93.1G�0�,/* Nª:�9L:�(5*DYv,/*-*\>/K+,�YA038 *)N567°�K+>/679Q; b ')(pK5> o�:�(+*D8 9�0�:/6<;+=V8�03;I4J*\.O9kN+*-2<*-N03>�0I>/*-.16Á��6<;k¸�;+67:/*LN+9Q.10367;�6<;�:�(+*Wð�N56<,/*-8-:/6<9Q;±opf@67:/(e:/(+* ,M.w032�.167>/.10�:�8�(�>�:�,/*->/>xñ5ò�038^:�6<;5=f@67:/(+6<;T:�(+*DG+2�03;5*L?A��6<= b�¿ E b ¥x9�:�*d:/(�0�:�ñ5òO8�(�03;+=Q*->Ff@67:/(«:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*3o�(+* ;+8-*)6<>�0�YvK+;+8^:�679Q;93Y�:�67.1*L67;�:�(+*WG+,M* >/*-;�:V8 03>/*T93Y�:�(+*-,/.1032±8-Hp8-2<6<;5= b ')(+6<>)P�03,M6�0�:/6<9Q;�67>)=Q67P3* ;e4�HQo

ñ5ògسóSô�? äkõ Ú ä E ? à Ef@(+*-,/*ªóSô¶67>@0h8-9Q;+>�:�03;�:xG+,/9QGJ9Q,�:�6<93;�032�:/9O:/(+*�:�(+*-.w0�2Z*^tkG�03;+>M6<9Q;e.O6<>/.10�:/8�(e4J*-:�fd* *-;q:�(5*B)CÆ03;+N�:/(+*W>/K+45>M:�,/0�:�*T>/K5G�*-,�03272<9�HQo�03;5N äkõ 67>):�(+*W8 9Q0�:�67;+=hG+,/9p8 *->/>/67;+=h:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M* b ')(+*6<;567:�6<032±4J9Q;+N�8 9�0�:V>/K+,�YA038 *ªG+,/9�¸�2<*T6<>�;+93:xG�*-,MYv*-8-:�2�Hg��0�: b ')(+67>VG+,M93¸�27*ª8 03;�4J*ª,M* G+,M* >/*-;�:�* N

Ã

4�Hg0h>/* ,M6<*->�9�Y�>M6<;`K+>/936<N�032�8 9Q.OG�93;+* ;�:�>@>MK+8�(�:/(�0�:�oðhØËö�?�÷Sø/ùMERؤú írû í�?�ùMEZ8-9Q>)ü �iý±÷þ ígÿ ? _ E

f@(+*-,/* þ íg6<>�:/(+*OfD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(�9�YD:�(5*����Å:�(�>/67;`K+>/9Q67N�032&8-9Q.1GJ9Q;+*-;�:j03;5N û í�?�ùMEL6<>�:�(+*h:�67.1*N+*-G�*-;+N+* ;�:V03.OG+2<6�:�K+N+*x8 9Q,M,/*->/GJ9Q;+N+67;+=I:�9 þ í bR� :@6<>\03>/>MK+.1*-Ne:/(�0�:\:/(+*W.w0�=Q;+67:/K+N+*L9�Y�* 038�(û í�?�ùME\6<>)6<;k¸�;+67:/* >M6<.1032co`(+*-;+8 *�o

ååJæ � åå ÷ø NJöS?v÷�EN+÷ ��� ÿ 0�;+N¶ÛwØ å î^öå ÷ î

?c¼3E´ K+45>M:�6�:�K5:/6<;+=O�&¹`> b ? _ E)03;5N�?�¼QED6<;�:�9O�&¹ b ?v�`E^o+fd*T=Q*-: o

å öå ù?�÷Sø/ùME&ØÈá Ü�â)Ü�Ý\îãpä å îå ÷ î

� Ùj?v÷Sø/ùMEhÚ%Þ å î-öå ÷ î?v÷Sø/ùME�� ? l E

'�9wN+*-:/* ,/.O6<;5*hÙj?v÷SøMùME�9Q;e:�(+*ª8 9�0�:/6<;+=O>/K5,MYA038-*3o�fd*«;5* * N�:/91¸�;5Nq:�(+*TP�03,/6<0�:�679Q;g93YF:�(5*>M:/,/*->/>Vñ5ò�9Q;g:�(+*T>/K+,�YA038 *WN+K5*T:/9O:/(+*W>/2<67=Q(�:@>/67;pK5>/9Q67N�032±��K+8^:�K�0i:�6<93;+>@93Y�:/(+*W>/K+,�YA038 * b ')(+67>6<>)N5* ,/6�PQ*-Nq4�He¬W039�[è� ÃUa o�0�> o

ÙI?�÷Sø/ùMEXØ ? ÿ Ú�+Eàñ±îò�� � ÿ Ú l ý ú í û í�?�ùMEþ í 8 9Q>)ü �iý±÷þ íeÿ � ? } Ef@(+*-,/*��O03;+N Ö0�,/*@:�(+*x��9Q67>/>M9Q;±ç�>D,�0i:�6<9ª03;+NO:�(+*�>/(5*�03,X.19pN+K+27K+>R93Y±:/(+*x8-9�0�:/6<;+=T.w0i:�* ,M6�032�o,/*->/GJ* 8^:�67P3* 2�H bX´ K+45>M:�6�:�K5:/6<;+=W�&¹`> b ? ¿ E^o�? _ E�03;+N�? } E�67;�:�9W�&¹ b ? l E^o`03;5NO;593:�67;+=L:�(+*)276<;+* 03,F67;+N+*^�GJ* ;+N+*-;+8 *I9�Y&*�038�(q>/6<;`K+>M9Q6<N+032�8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:V67;��&¹ b ? _ E^oJfD*«9Q45:�0�6<;�03;�9Q,MN+6<;�0�,MHgN+6�°�*-,/* ;�:/6�032* ¹`K�0i:�6<93;e=39UP3* ,M;+6<;+=h:�(5*T,MK+.OG+2<67;+=jG+,M9k8-* >/>�93Y�:�(+*W4J9Q;+Ne8 9�0i:@>/K+,�YA038 *�o

N û í�?�ùMEN5ù Ø �äVþ��í *�tkG«?àÚxê3ë ãpä E � ? ÿ Ú�+E�ñ±îò Ú ü �iýþ í±ÿ Þ�� û í�?�ùME ? ÿ�m Ef@(+*-,/*

� Ø l ý � áIé â)ÜMÝ\îã ? ÿ�m 0�E� #ÈÔ Õ�Ð Õ���!" ��µy*j8 9Q;5>/6<N5* ,LG�0�,M:�678 K+2<03,�8�03>M* >�93YR:�(5* ,/.1032�8-Hp8 276<;+=w(+6<>�:�9Q,�H�03G5G+2<67* N�:/9w:�(5*hB)CX��>MK+4+>M:/,�0�:/*>MHp>�:�* .eox03;+Nr>M9Q27P3*��&¹ b ? ÿ�m EO:�9»=Q*-:1:�(+*q:/6<.O*�*^PQ9Q27K5:�679Q;r93Y�:/(+*�0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*gYv9Q,�0»=367PQ*-;

_

fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/( bÈ� ;Ë=�03>�:�K5,/4+67;+* >-oV:�(+*�:�(5* ,/.1032L(56<>M:/9Q,MHr>/K+4pÇM*-8-:/* N³:/9|:/(+*y'@B\CÊ>MHp>�:�* .O>8�0�;�P�03,�H�f@6<N5* 27Hq038-8 9Q,MN+6<;+=�:/9g:/(+*I.O9kN+*«93Y\0�G+G+2<678�0�:/6<9Q;q93YR:�(+*I:�K5,/4+67;+* bh´ Hk>�:�*-.1>WK+>M* NYv9Q,@G+,M9QG+K+27>/6<93;�0�;+NqGJ9�fD*-,xGJ*�03·`67;+=1K5;+N+* ,M=Q9w.«K+27:/6<G+27*V:�(+*-,/.1032Z8-Hp8-2<* >-oJf@(56<2<*�:/(+9Q>/*TK+>M* NYv9Q,IGJ9�fD*-,O=3* ;+*-,�0�:/6<9Q;{03,M*�>/K+4`ÇM* 8-:/* NÂ:/9�PQ* ,�Hu2<9�f�Yv,/*-¹pK5* ;+8^H{8-Hp8 276<;+=s[ l�acb�� 9Q>M:O93Y�:�(5*B)CÈ,MK+.1G52<6<;5=�*�tkG�*-,/6<.O* ;�:�032x934+>/*-,MP�0�:�679Q;+>�[ }U]�ÿ�¿�a 03,/*eN+9Q;5*�f@67:/(r>/GJ* 8-6<.O* ;+>1>/K+4`ÇM* 8-:/* N:�9�.jK+2�:�6<G52<*j:�(5* ,/.1032&8^Hk8-2<*->«f@67:/(»2<67;+*�0�,�(+*�0�:/6<;+=q03;+Ny8 9p9Q2<67;+=�:�6<.O* >W93YD:�(+*1>�03.O*193,/N+*-,03>�:�(5*O67;�:�* ,M.1*-N+6�0i:�*IN5fd* 272F:�6<.O* > bI� ;�:/(+*OG+,/*->/* ;�:TfD93,/·�o�fd*O8 9Q;+>M6<N+*-,�:�fD9�4�03>/678I.19pN+*->93YX:�(+*-,/.1032F8^Hk8-2<67;+=g(+6<>�:�9Q,�HQo±:�,M6�03;5=QK+2�0�,�03;+N�>/67;`K+>/9Q67N�032 b�� K5.1G+276<;+=w4�*-(�0�Pk679Q,/>�Yv9Q,�9�:�(+*-,8 93.1G+276<8 0�:�*-N�:�(+*-,/.1032±(+67>M:�93,/6<*->)8�03;e4J*TN5* N+K+8-* NeYv,/9Q.�:�(+*->/*T,/* >MK+27:/> b����� ���� "!$#&%('�)"!*�,+�-/.102-3�4!5+4'&�4-76� "89+;:<��=µy*D8 93;+>/67N+* ,�:�(+*DB)CX��>MK+4+>M:/,�0�:/*\>MHp>�:�* .Ö*^tkGJ* ,M6<* ;58 6<;5=V:�,M6�03;+=3K+2�03,±:/(+* ,M.w0�2p8^Hp8 2<*->&03>�>/(+9�f@;6<;q��6<= b ?v�`E b ')(+*«P�03,M6�0�:/6<9Q;g93Y&:/(+*ª:/* .OG�*-,�0�:/K+,/*ª6<;q:/(+*ª¸�27.Éf@67:�(�:�6<.O*�Yv9Q,x:/(+*2>v�Å:/(�8-Hp8 27*6<>-o

ä Ø ?@A @Bä ôDCïíFEÂ�@? ä ô5G"H�Ú ä ô/C íQE ?JI1ÚK>LE ÿ E >ZÚ ÿ � INMO>SÚ ÿ ë3�ä ô/C íFEÂ�@? ä ôDGPH�Ú ä ôDCïí`E ?Q>ZÚKI�E >SÚ ÿ ëQ� � INMO> ? ÿ}ÿ E

f@(+*-,/* ä ô/C íª03;+N ä ôDGPHL03,/*):/(+*x.O6<;56<.jK+.Ö03;5N1:�(5*�.10itk6<.«K+.�:/* .OG�*-,�0�:/K+,/*-> op,/* >MG�*-8-:/67PQ*-27H3o03;+NRIwضùMëiù"S�o+f@(5* ,/*Wù"SX6<>\:�(5*W:/6<.O*�G�*-,)8-Hp8 27* b LK+*�:�9�GJ* ,M6<9pN+6<8-67:�H�93Y@:�(5*�G+,/9Q452<* .eo�fd*g8�03;|03;�0�27Hp© *w:/(+*�*-P39Q2<Kk:�6<93;u93Y@:�(+*�>MK+,MYA038-*��K+8^:�K�0i:�6<93;u03.OG+2<6�:�K+N+*hYv9Q,j93;+*�8-Hp8-2<*wf@6�:�(+9QKk:I2<9Q>M>«93Y�=Q*-;+* ,/032<6�:�H b�� :«f@6<2<2X4J*�>/*-* ;u:�(�0i:>/K5,MYA038-*j*-P39Q2<K5:/6<9Q;eYv9Q,@YvK+,M:/(+* ,x8-Hp8 27* >L8 03;�4J*«N+*-N+K+8 *-N�Yv,/9Q.É:�(5*«>�0�.1*ª,/* >MK+27: b '�9�9Q4k:�0367;0»>M9Q2<K5:/6<9Q;|93YW�&¹ b ? ÿ�m E�o)fD*q:�03·3* ä ô/C íÂØ ¿QmQmUT o ä ôDG"H|Ø ÿ �Q¼ ¿�T o)03;+Ns:�(+*�G5,/9p8 * >M>/67;+=:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/* äkõ Ø ÿUÃ3mQm�T�b ')(+*�B\C%G5,/9QGJ* ,�:�6<*->j03,M*�03>M>/K+.O* Ny:�9�4J*3o$�uØ ÿWV�¿ o�ÞÂØ ÿX V . î oYÊØ ÿ�m3m ¬W��0q0�;+N�ê3ë+? ãpäkõ EªØÉ� V3¿5b ��K+,�:�(+*-,/.O9Q,/*�oF0�: ä Ø ä ô/C í5o�ñ5ò|,/* 038�(+*->I0,/*^Yv* ,M* ;+8-*O>�:�,M* >/>Tñ n :�03·�* ;�:�9g4J* ÿ�mQmR� ��0 b ')(`K+> oSYv,/93.��&¹ b ? à E^o�óZô � m[ZïmQl3¿R� ��0 V\T�b´ 9Q2�Pp6<;+=h�&¹ b ? ÿ�m E\K+>M6<;+=h;`K+.O* ,/678�032�6<;�:�*-=Q,�0�:/6<9Q;�f@6�:�(�:�(5* >/*WP�032<K5* > o�93;+*W(�03> o

2<;N] û C_^a`íû CíKb Ø ù"S � ñdcnäkõ Þ � � eþ ígf � ]9h Úji eþ í b ? ÿ �QE¼

f@(+*-,/* û Cí 6<>h:�(+*q03.1G52<67:/K+N+*g93YL:/(+*�fD0�PQ*�f@6�:�(sfD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�( þ íy0�Y�:�*-, >A�c:�(|:�(+*-,/.1032x8^H��8 27*3o eþ íËØ þ í3ñ±în ë5?vÞa«EV67>L:�(+*hN+67.1*-;+>/679Q;+27* >/>LfD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(±o�03;+N � 03;+Ny¥�0�,/*I;`K+.O* ,/678�032;`K+.j4J* ,M>)6<;+N+*-G�*-;+N+*-;`:�93Y þ íI03;5N�ù"S�o+N+*-:/* ,M.167;+* N�9Q;527H14`H1:�(+*�>M(�03GJ*L93YS:�(5*L:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*(+67>M:�93,MHW03;5N«B)C�G+,/93G�*-,M:�67* > b ��9Q,±:/(+*RG+,/*->/* ;�:�8�03>M*3oUh Ø ÿUZï}=ÿ�l/k7ÿ�m\l 03;+N i Ø ¿;Zïm ¼�� k±ÿ�mUm�b')(`K+> op:�(+*x03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*\Yv9Q,R=Q67P3* ;1:/(+* ,M.w0�2�8-Hp8 27*L03;+NwB)CsG+,M9QGJ* ,M:/6<*->Xf@672<2+8�(�0�;+=Q*L0�>d0WYvK+;+8��:�679Q;e93Y&8-Hp8-2<*ª:/6<.O*3o�fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(±o�N567°�K+>/6�Pk6�:�HQo�>/K5,MYA038-*«8 93;+8 *-;`:/,�0�:/6<9Q;�93YR0�:/9Q.O6<8W>/6�:�* >-o�0�;+N:�(5*w0�:/9Q.O6<8«P39Q2<K+.O* b1z ;y6<;�:�*-,/* >�:�67;+=�,M* >MK+27:WYv,/93.Ñ�&¹ b ? ÿ �QEW67>�:�(�0�:W:/(+*1,/0�:�679g93YD:/(+*O03.h�G+2767:�K5N+*«0i:V:�(5*«* ;5N�93YR01:/(+* ,M.w032�8-Hp8-2<*ª:/9w:�(+0�:�0�:�:�(5*j4�*-=Q6<;5;+6<;+=O6<>x6<;+N5* GJ* ;+N+*-;�:�93Y&:�(5*G+,M6<9Q,R:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*V(+67>M:/9Q,MH3o503;5N�N+* GJ* ;5N+>)9Q;+2�H193;w:�(+*�:�93:�032JN+K+,�0i:�6<93;�?vù"S�EX03;+Nw:/(+*V>M(�03GJ*93Y�:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*�P30�,/6�0i:�6<93;�93Y�:�(+*W8 K5,/,/*-;�:x:/(+* ,M.w032�8-Hp8 27* b')(+*�03.OG+2767:�K5N+*g,�0�:/6<9�6<>OG+2<93:M:�*-NÂ6<;Â��6<= bÆà 03>w0�YvK+;+8^:�679Q;r93YL:/(+*�fD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(±o þ í b')(+*hG+2793:W>/(+9�f@>ª0�f@6<N+*jP�03,M6�0�:/6<9Q;�67;�:�(+*I,MK+.1G52<6<;5=�4�*-(�0�Pp6<9Q,�Yv9Q,L67;+67:/6�032S��K+8^:�K�0i:�6<93;+>�93YN+6�°�*-,/* ;�:Of\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/( b ��93,O8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:�>Of@67:�({fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(+>�27* >/>h:�(+03;r0�8 ,/6�:�678�032DP�0327K+*3oþ SQn�Ø i ÞaªëohËñ±în o±:/(+*O03.1G52<67:/K+N+*ª6<>L,M* N+K+8-* N�f@67:�(�* 038�(�8-Hp8 27* b ')(+67>LP�032<K+*I67>�034J9QK5: ÿUÃ�_Ä .Ñ67;y:�(5*wG+,M* >/*-;�:I8�03>M* be� :j8 03;»4J*w>M* * ;�:/(�0�:ª6<;�:�(+67>ª,M* =Q679Q;º? þ í � þ SQn�E^o�:�(+*O,�0�:/6<9e93Y03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*V9�PQ*-,�* 038�(e8-Hp8 27*�N+* 8-,/*�0�>/* >�,�0�G+6<N+2�H�0�>\:�(+*LfD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(q9�Y�fD0�Pp6<;+*->/>�N+* 8-,/*�0�>/* > b­L;º:�(+*�93:/(+* ,�(�0�;+N±oL0�2<2V8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:�>�f@67:/(ºf\0�PQ*-2<*-;+=3:�(Æ=Q,M*�0�:/* ,�:�(+03; þ SJn�6<;58 ,/* 03>/*�67;03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*�0�:)P�03,MHp67;+=h,/* 2<0�:�6�PQ*�,/0�:�*->�GJ* ,\:/(+* ,M.w0�2±8-Hp8 27* b')(+*X,/* >MK+27:�0327>/9@>/(+9�f@>�:�(�0�:S:/(+*R.w0itk67.jK+.¤0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*&8�(�03;5=Q*d9p8 8-K+,/>�0�:�0)f\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(±oþ ô5G"H�ØL� i Þaªë ¿ hËñ±în o�93Y�034J9QK5:j� mQmqÄ . b ')(+*�8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:�>«f@6�:�(�f\0�PQ*-2<*-;+=3:�(5>I8 2<93>/*1:/9:�(56<>�GJ*�03·�GJ9Q6<;�:WK+;5N+* ,M=Q9�,/03G+67Ny0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*«=3,/9�f):�( b ')(+*O=Q,/9�f):/(y93YX:�(5* >/*hfD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(+>038-8 9QK+;�:/>SYv93,�:�(+*R9Q45>/* ,�PQ*-N«,/K5.1G+276<;+=d93Yp:�(+*RB)C�>/K5,MYA038-*d0�>±:�(+*&;`K+.j4J* ,S93Yp8^Hk8-2<*->�67;+8 ,M*�03>M* > b')(+*->/*�f\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(¶P�0327K+* >�03,/*�9�YT:/(+*�>/03.1*q9Q,/N+*-,�93YT.103=Q;+6�:�K+N+*q03>w:/(�0�:�9Q45>/* ,�PQ*-NË67;*^tkGJ* ,M6<.O* ;�:�>�[ }U];ÿ�¿�a�b ')(+*g,/0�:�*g93Yx03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*�6<;+8-,/* 03>/*�YA03272<>«,/03G+67N+27Hy4�*^HQ9Q;5N þ ô5G"H�0�;+N4J* 8 93.1*->�;5* =Q276<=Q674+2<*�Yv9Q,)8 9Q.OGJ9Q;+* ;�:/>@f@6�:�(g2�0�,/=Q*-,Df\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(+> b��6<= b&_ >/(+9�f@>):�(+*W0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*xP�03,M6�0�:/6<9Q;Of@67:/(g:/(+*�;`K+.j4J* ,)93Y�:�(5* ,/.1032�8-Hp8 27* >)Yv9Q,\8-9Q.h�GJ9Q;+* ;�:/>Wf@6�:�(�N+6�°�*-,/*-;`:Vf\0�PQ*-2<*-;+=3:�(5> b ')(+*h67;+67:/6�032�03.OG+2<6�:�K+N5*TYv9Q,L032<2�:�(+*j8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:�>�67>:�0�·3* ;g:�9I4J*�K+;+6�:�H b&� :@8 03;e03=�0367;�4�*L>M* *-;�Yv,/93.�:/(+*�G+2<9�:\:�(�0i:\:�(+*�fD0�PQ*T03.OG+2<6�:�K+N+*x4�*-2<9�f

l

þ SQn@N56<*�N+9�f@;�YA0�>M:)f@(+672<*L:�(59Q>/*T034J9�PQ*W6<;+8-,/* 03>/*�f@67:/(eP�03,�Hp6<;+=h,/*-2�0�:/67P3*L,�0�:/* > b���qp rF �#s'&8[:( "t�!$)u+;-/.j02-3�4!5+�'&�4-v6� "89+;:w��=µy*q;+9�fÊ8 9Q;5>/6<N5* ,�0y8�03>M*�93Y�>M6<;`K+>/936<N�032@:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/*q(56<>M:/9Q,MH|>M(+9�f@;º6<;r��6<= b ¼ b ')(+*:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/*LP�03,/6<0�:�679Q;�Yv9Q,\:/(+*�>A�Å:/(�:�(+*-,/.1032±8-Hp8-2<*W6<>)=Q6�PQ*-;�4�HQo

ä Ø ä ô/C íWÚ¶? ä ôDG"HVÚ ä ôDCïí�E)>/67;Z[ ýX?QIOÚ�>�E a >SÚ ÿ � IxMO> ? ÿ�¿ Ez =Q036<;±oJN+K+*T:�9�GJ* ,M6<9pN+6<8-67:�H�9�Y&:�(+*jG5,/9Q4+27* .eo�9Q;+*ª:/(+* ,M.w0�2�8^Hk8-2<*j67>V0�;�0327Hp©-* N�Yv9Q,@:�(+*«*-PQ9i�2<Kk:�6<93;193Y û ?�ùME b ')(+*x>/K+,�YA038 *L*^PQ9Q27K5:�679Q;1Yv93,dYvK+,�:�(+*-,D8-Hp8-2<* >D8�03;�4J*VN5* N+K+8-* N�Yv,/93.�:/(+*V>/03.O*,/*->/K+2�: b ��9Q,X6<N+*-;�:�6<8 032JB)CÂG+,M9QG�*-,M:/6<* >D03;+Nw:/(+*x:/* .OG�*-,�0�:/K+,/*x,�03;5=Q*L03>d4�*^Yv9Q,/*�op:/(+*V>M9Q2<Kk:�6<93;:�9j�R¹ b ? ÿ�m EX(�03>d:�(+*x>�03.O*xYv9Q,M.�03>)�&¹ b ? ÿ �QERf@6�:�(Rh Ø ÿ�Zè¿ � _�kÇÿ�m l 03;+N i Ø ¿;Ztÿ�¿ ¼ kÇÿ�m m bz G+2793:ª93Y�03.OG+2<6�:�K+N+*O8�(�03;5=Q*�03>I0qYvK5;+8-:/6<9Q;�9�Y)f\0�PQ*-2<*-;+=3:�({67;u��6<= b�l >M(+9�f@>j:�(+*�>/03.O*:�,M* ;+N�03>L:/(�0�:�Yv9Q,x:�(+*j:/,/6�0�;+=QK+2<03,x:/* .OG�*-,�0�:/K+,/*j(56<>M:/9Q,MH b ')(+* þ SJnW03;+N�:�(5* þ ôDGPHhYv9Q,x:�(+67>8�0�>/*T03,/*ª� ¿3mhÄ .$03;+N ¿=ÿ�mIÄ .eo+,M* >/GJ* 8^:�6�PQ* 2�H by �&Õ�#É! Õ�Õ��&�¯�')(+*�,M* >MK+27:/>�G+,/*->/*-;`:/* N¶(+*-,/*�N+*-.19Q;5>M:�,/0�:�*e:�(�0i:w:�(5*�03;�032�Hp>/6<>O93YTB)C$>MK+,MYA038-*�,/K5.1G+276<;+=4�03>M* N{9Q;�>�:�,M* >/>hN+,M67P3* ;u>/K5,MYA038-*�N+67°�K+>M6<9Q;�G5,/9�Pp6<N+*->I0�G+2�0�K+>/674+2<*O*^tkG+2<03;�0�:/6<9Q;y93Y@:�(+*�*�t`�GJ* ,/67.1*-;�:�032Z9Q45>/* ,�P�0�:�679Q;+>V,M* GJ9Q,M:/* N�6<;q2767:/* ,�0i:�K+,M*w[ }U]�ÿ�¿�a�b�z 8 8-9Q,/N+67;+=1:/91:/(+*«0�;�0327Hp>M6<> o�:�(5*6<;567:�6<032�>MK+,MYA0�8 *hf\0�Pp6<;+*->/>j8-9Q.OG�9Q;5* ;�:�>Wf@67:/(�fD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(�8-2<9Q>M*O:/9 þ ô5G"H�?A034J9QK5: ÿUÃ3m �x� m3mÄ .wE�=Q,M9�fÂ67;I03.OG+2<6�:�K+N+*d0�:&(56<=Q(I,M* 2�0i:�67P3*D,/0�:�*->&K+G�93;j:�(+*-,/.103258^Hk8-2<67;+= b ')(+* >M*�fD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(8 93.1GJ9Q;+*-;`:/>Vf@6<272�*^PQ*-;`:/K�032727H�N59Q.167;�0�:/*T:/(+*j>/K5,MYA038-*jYv*�0�:/K+,/*->W03>V:�(5*I;pK5.j4�*-,L93Y&:/(+* ,M.w0328-Hp8-2<* >&67;+8 ,M*�03>M* >R03;5Nh038 8-9QK+;�:&Yv9Q,�:/(+*\9Q45>/* ,�PQ*-N1;+* 03,/2�H«GJ* ,M6<9pN+6<8X,/K5.1G+276<;+=x4�*-(�0�Pp6<9Q, b ')(+67>:�(5* ,/.O9pN5Hp;�03.O6<[email protected]+*-2�0�2<>/9T,/*^PQ* 032<>D0ª8 93.1GJ*-:/67:�679Q;h4�*^:�fD*-* ;�:�(5*x>MK+,MYA038-*L* ;5* ,/=�Hw0�;+Nw:�(5** 2<03>M:/6<8ª>M:�,/036<;q* ;+*-,/=3Hq6<;�:�(5*j>MHp>M:/* . b ')(5*I8 ,/6�:�678�032ZP�032<K5*j93Y&:�(5*«f\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(±o þ SJn-o±8 9Q,M,/*��>/GJ9Q;+N5>T:/9q0g4�032<03;+8 *h4J*-:�fd* *-;�:�(+*->/*h:�fD9�* ;+*-,/=Q67* > b ��9Q,�:�(+*O>/K+,�YA038 *ON+67>M:�K5,/4�03;58 * >Wf@67:/(fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(+>V9�:�(+*-,@:/(�03; þ SJn-oJ0h8�(+03;+=Q*T6<;�:�(5*TfD0�PQ*j0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*L67>)* ;+*-,/=Q*^:�6<8 032<2�HwYA0�PQ93,/* N b

}

��9Q,�*^t503.OG+27*3oS6<;�:�(+*h8 03>/*O93YDfD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(+>ª2<9�fd* ,�:�(�0�; þ SJn oS:�(+*IfD0�PQ*�0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*j.O9Q;+9��:�93;+6<8 032<2�H1N5* 8 ,M*�03>M* >�f@67:�(�:/(+* ,M.w032�8-Hp8 27* > b')(+9QK+=3(�:�(+*ªG+,/*->/* ;�:T03;+0327Hp>/67>x67>�Yv93,x:�(5*jB)CX�Å>/K+4+>�:�,/0�:�*j>�Hp>M:�*-.Àf@6�:�(+9QKk:V:�(5*«8 *-,�03.O6<8:�93G�8-9�0�:�o�67:�(�03>�>M:�,M9Q;+=�67.1G+276<8 0�:�679Q;+>±67;ª:�(5*\'@B)C»YA036<27K+,/*RG+(5* ;+9Q.O* ;59Q; b�� ;IG5,/* >M* ;+8-*)93Y�:�(5*'@B)C{2�0�HQ*-, o`0L,/*->M:/,�0367;+6<;+=xYv9Q,/8-*\f@6<2<25038-:F9Q;I:�(+*@B)C�:�93GI>/K+,�YA038 * b&z >F:�(5*@B)C{,MK+.OG+2<*-> oQ:�(5*6<;�:/* ,MYA0�8 *&4J*-:�fd* * ;T:�(+*XB)C�03;+NW:�(5*F:�9QGW8 *-,�03.O6<8�8 9�0�:/6<;+=\f@672<2�(�0�PQ*X0\:�* ;5N+* ;+8^H�:�9@>/*-G�03,/0�:�*�o8�0�K+>/67;+=h8 ,�0�8�·p67;+= b ')(+67>)8 ,�0�8�·�6<;+6�:�6�0i:�6<93;1G+,M9k8-* >M>x(�0�>)4�*-* ;e9Q4+>/*-,MP3* N�67;�'@B)C¶YA03672<K+,M*h[ l�acb­L;+8 *V6<;+6�:�6�0i:�* N�o`YvK5,M:�(5* ,D,MK+.OG+2<67;+=Tf@672<2�8�0�K+>/*L:/(+*V8-,�038�·O:�9j=Q,M9�fÆ03;+N�*-P3* ;�:�K+032<2�H18-9�0327* >/8-*f@67:/(w0�NiÇ/038 *-;�:D9Q;5* > b ')(+6<>X6<>R0W2<67·3* 2�Hj.O* 8�(�0�;+6<>M.%4`HIf@(56<8�(w8-,�038�·`>X2�03,M=Q*)* ;59QK+=Q(O:�9T8�03K+>M*4+K+8�·`276<;+=�93Y):�(+*18 *-,�03.O6<8h:�9QGJ8 9Q0�:«8 03;u4J*1Yv9Q,M.1*-N»9Q;»:/(+* ,M.w0�2X8^Hp8 2<67;+= b ¥x93:/*1:/(�0�:T:�(+67>.O9kN+*-2�6<>XK+;+67P3* ,M>�032JYv9Q,d'@B\CrYA0�6<2<K5,/*3o�P�03276<NhYv9Q,d4J93:/(wG+2<03>/.10ª>MG+,�0�HQ*-Ng03;+N��RBX���F�� ¤'@B)C>MHp>�:�* .O> b')(+*eG+,/*->/* ;�:1.19pN+*-2\6<>O03G+G52<6<8 034+27*1Yv9Q,I:�*-;+>/672<*g03>Ifd* 272@03>I8 9Q.OG+,M* >/>M67P3*qB)C�>M:/,/* >M>/*-> b� K+.O."*^:w0�2 b [�� _�a (�0�P3*q,/*-G�93,M:�*-N|:/(�0�:h:�(5*�B\C²6<>IK+;5N+* ,O(+6<=3(|:/* ;+>M6<2<*�>�:�,M* >/>w0�:O,/9p9Q.:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K5,/* b ¥x93:/*\:�(�0�:X67;h:/(+*�03;�032�Hp>/6<>F:/(+*@.1*^:�03272<678DB)C{2�0�HQ*-, o`4J* 6<;5=W:/(+6<;h8-9Q.1G+03,/*-Nh:/9:�(5*1>MK+G�*-,�03272<9�H�>MK+4+>�:�,�0i:�*3o�6<>W03>M>/K+.O* N�:�9e(�0�PQ*O;+* =32<6<=36<4+27*«:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*h=Q,�03N56<* ;�:T038-,/9Q>M>:�(5*q:�(+678�·`;+* >M>�N+K+,/67;+=y:/(+* ,M.w0�2x8^Hk8-2<67;+= b³� ;s:�(+*�8 03>/*q93YW>M:/,/9Q;+=y:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*q=Q,/03N+6<*-;�::�(5,/9QK+=3(q:�(+678�·`;+* >M>�93YXB)CVo�:/(+*I03G5G+2<678�034+672<6�:�H�93Y&:/(+* ,M.19pN5Hp;�03.O6<8->x*-¹pK+0�:�679Q;{? ÿ E�.jK+>�:�4J*,/*���*�t+0�.167;+* N b��9Q,L6<>M93:�(5* ,/.1032S:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*I(+6<>�:�9Q,�Hu? ä ôDG"HOØ ä ô/C í�E^o�fd*I9Q45:�036<;�0�,M* >/K527:�>M6<.O6<2�0�,@:/9:�(+0�:w4�HÂ��,/* K5;+NÂ*^:�032 b [ ÿUÃUa f@6�:�( þ SJn�Ø"�iý3�Þ�ë+[�? ÿ Úz�+E�ñ�îò a�b ')(+*�:/(+* ,M.w032@*�t5G+03;+>/679Q;.O6<>/.10�:/8�(u>M:�,M* >M>167;�:�(+*eB)C�0�:h(+6<=3(�:�* .OGJ* ,�0i:�K+,M*�6<>I2<9�fWoR,/*->/K+2�:�67;+=�6<;|0�(+6<=3(u8 ,/6�:�678�032fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/( b ��93,L*^t503.OG+2<*�o�67;�8�03>M*I93YXñ5òyØ ÿ�m{� ��05o�:/(+*j8-,/67:/6<8 032�fD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(�6<>x>/*-P3* ,/032.O6<2<276<.O*-:/* ,/> b ��9Q,�2<9Q;+=�:�(+*-,/.1032p*^tkG�93>/K+,M* > oQ:/(+*\>�:�,/*->/>M* >&6<;ª:�(+*d'@B)C�>MHp>M:/* .O>R03,/*XYv9QK+;+N«:/9,/*-2�0it�[è�Q¼ ]p¿Qm�a�b ')(+6<>)fd9QK+2<Ne,/*->/K+2�:�6<;e0hP3* ,�H�279Q;+=h8 ,M67:/6<8�0�2�fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(±oJ.w03·`67;+=h67:@6<.OGJ9Q>��>/674+2<*@:�9«9Q4+>/*-,MP3*L:�(+*L,MK+.OG+2<67;+=ªG5,/9p8 * >M> b ')(+67>\8 9QK52<NwG+03,M:/27HO*^tkG+2<036<;O:�(+*L2<038�·h93YS,/K5.1G+276<;+=9Q4+>M* ,�PQ* NqN+K+,/67;+=O6<>/9�:�(+*-,/.1032Z9�t567N�0�:/6<9Q;g93YFB)CX��>MK+4+>M:/,�0�:/*ª>�Hp>M:�*-."[ ÿ}ÿ o ÿ � acb ¥x93:/*�:�(�0�:�:�(5*2<93;+=h,�03;+=3*Lf\0�Pp6<;+*->/>�fD9QK52<Ng;+93:�(�0�PQ*T(�03,M.OYvK52±*-°�* 8^:V67;e'@B\CÆ>MHp>�:�* .O> b ')(`K+> o�,/K5.1G+276<;+=

ÿ�m

f@6<272�;+93:)4J*�0«N+*-=Q,�0�N�0�:�679Q;�.O* 8�(�0�;+6<>M.�Yv9Q,d6<>M93:�(+*-,/.1032�?A2<9�fºYv,M* ¹`K+* ;58-H5E\*^tkG�93>/K+,M* >)93YS:�(5*:�K5,/4+67;+*�4+2�0�N+* > b')(+*T9Q,/N+*-,)93Y�.w03=3;+67:/K+N+*�03=3,/* *-.1*-;�:�f@6�:�(g*^tkGJ* ,M6<.O* ;�:�>@9Q45:�036<;5* Ng6<;�:�(5*W034�9�P3*«03;+032��Hp>/67>�6<>L¹`K+6�:�*I>M:/,/67·p67;+=+o±67;�Pp6<*-f�93YR:�(5*h03>/>MK+.1Gk:�6<93;+>W03;+N�:/(+*h=Q* ;+*-,�032�K+;+8 *-,M:�036<;�:�H�0�4�9QKk::�(5*V038^:�K�0�2�P�0327K+* >R93Y�:�(+*�G�03,/03.1*^:�*-,/>RK+>/*-N b ��6<,M>M: oQ:�(+*VB)Cs6<>R.O9kN5* 2<*-Nw0�>d0T(+9Q.O9Q=Q*-;+* 9QK5>.10�:�*-,/6�0�2co�6 b * b o+03272�:/(+*LG�0�,�03.O*-:/* ,RP30�2<K+*->)03,/*�:�03·�* ;�:/9j4�*x6<N+*-;�:�6<8 032J*-PQ*-,MH`f@(+*-,/* bd� ;�,/* 032��67:�H3o�:�(+*xB)Cs(�0�>d>M*-PQ*-,�032�G+(�03>M* >D038 ,M9Q>/>X67:/>R:/(+6<8�·`;+*->/>X:�(�0�:d*-P39Q27P3*xN5K+,/67;+=T:/(+* ,M.w0�2J8^Hp8 2<67;+= b´ *-8 9Q;+N527HQo�:/(+*).19pN+*-2+N+9p* >&;+93:&:�03·3*@67;`:/9W038 8-9QK+;�:R:�(+*@*^°�*-8-:R93YJ:�(+*@9�tk6<N+*)2<0�HQ* ,&93;h:/(+*@B)C6<;O:�(+*�,/K5.1G+276<;+=TG+,M9k8-* >/> b ')(+6<>d9�t567N+*�2�0�HQ*-,D6<>RYv9QK+;5N1:�9«2<9p8�032727HªG�*-;+*-:/,�0�:/*V6<;�:/9ª:�(5*LB)CÂ67;G+,M* >/*-;+8 *W93Y�0j8-* ,�0�.1678x:�93G�8-9�0�:T[�� _�a�b �&,/*^Pk679QK+>M27HQo+Ìx*�*-:)032 b [ ¿¦ÿ a 0�:M:�,M6<4+K5:/* N�:/(+*L,/K5.1G+276<;+=G+,M9k8-* >/>I:/9�,�0�:/8�(+*-:/6<;+=�93Y@:�(5*e9�tk6<N5*�2�0�HQ*-,I9Q;�:�(+*gB\CVoFf@(+6<27*�'�932<G�Hp=Q9�03;+NsCD2�0�,/·3*�[ ÿ}ÿ a>/GJ* 8-K+2�0i:�* Ng:�(+0�:x0OB\CÆPQ9Q27K+.O*�N+* G+27*-:/6<9Q;gG+,M9k8-* >/>�6<>),M* >MG�9Q;5>/6<452<*LYv9Q,@,/K5.1G+276<;+= b ')(+*WYv9Q,��.O* ,�*^tkG+2�0�;�0�:�679Q;q67;+N+678�0�:/* >@:�(�0�:x,/K5.1G+27;+=O6<>x01=Q*-;+* ,M6<8«G5,/9p8 * >M>L6<;�.1*^:�032Á��9�tk6<N+*�>�Hp>M:�*-.1>-of@(+672<*�:�(+*�2�0�:M:�*-,O67>h;+93:12<6<·�* 2�H�:�9y2<*�0�N|:/9y:�(5*�N+*^PQ*-2<9QGJ* .O* ;�:�9�Y�0y8�(+03,�038^:�*-,/6<>�:�678�,MK+.h�G+276<;+=gf\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/( b ')(+*�G5,/* >M* ;�:I.O9kN5* 2R4�03>M* Nu9Q;�>MK+,MYA0�8 *�N+6�°�K5>/6<93;±o�(59Ufd*-P3* ,-oXG5,/* N56<8-:/>:�(56<>T8�(�03,�0�8-:�*-,/67>M:�678w,MK+.1G52<6<;5=gfD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(u67;»,/* 03>/93;�034+27*�03=Q,M* *-.1*-;`:ªf@67:/(»*^tkGJ* ,M6<.O* ;�:�0329Q4+>M* ,�P30i:�6<93;+>ª[ }U]�ÿ�¿�a�b')(+*�G+,M* >/*-;�:1.O9pN+* 2d(�03>j>M*-PQ*-,�032@0�>/>/K5.1G5:/6<9Q;5>I03;+N{03G5G+,/9�tk6<.10�:�679Q;+> b ')(+*�.19pN+*-2d67>03G+G52<6<8 034+27*qYv9Q,�:�(5*y,M9QK+=Q(+*-;+6<;5=|G5,/9p8 * >M>�67;¶9Q;+*�N+6<,M* 8^:�6<93;±oxf@(+672<*�67;Æ*�tkG�*-,/6<.O* ;�:/> oL:�(5*fD0�Pp67;+* >M>L9k8-8 K+,M>x67;e:�fd9�N+67.1*-;+>/679Q;+> bD� :x6<>�032<>M9Ofd9Q,�:�(�f@(+6<27*�:�9w.O* ;�:/6<9Q;g:�(+*TK+;+8-* ,�:�0367;`:�H6<;�P39Q27P3* NO6<;h* >�:�6<.10�:/6<;+= á Ü&03;5N1â)Ü bFz 8 8 93,/N+67;+=�:�9 z >/03,/9ª03;+NO')6<272<* ,\[ ¿ � a o áIé 8�03;hP�03,MHj4`H03>F.«K+8�(O03>R0VYA038-:/9Q,F93Y ÿ�m m N+* G�0�;+N+6<;5=�9Q;j:�(+*)*-;�Pk67,/9Q;5.1*-;`:�03258-9Q;+N+6�:�679Q;+> b ')(+*@038^:�67P�0�:/6<9Q;* ;5* ,/=�HQo)êpoD6<>OK+>MK�032<2�H{0�Yv,�038^:�6<93;s93YV:�(+*e8�(+* .O6<8 032)4+67;+N+6<;5=y*-;+* ,M=3Hs03;+NÂ67>I:�03·�* ;Â:/9»4J*0�Yv,�038^:�679Q;u93YV03;s*-2<*-8-:�,M9Q;k�c�R9Q27:ªYv9Q,I>/K+,�YA038 *�0�:/9Q.1>«6<;u:�(+*gG+,M* >M* ;�:w8 03>/* b ')(+*e034+>/932<K5:/*P�032<K5*�93Y�:�(+*�8-,/67:/6<8 032dfD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(|8�(�03;+=Q*->If@67:�(u:/(+6<>I0�8-:�6�P�0�:�679Q;�* ;5* ,/=�H b ��9Q,j*�t503.1G52<*3o67Y\ê�67>«6<;58 ,/* 03>/*-Nu4�H�0qYA038^:�9Q,T93Y à o�:�(+*�8-,/6�:�6<8 032&f\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(|67;+8 ,M*�03>M* >j4�H»0�YA038^:�9Q,ª93Y _Yv9Q,O>/67;pK5>/9Q67N�032):�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*�(56<>M:/9Q,MH b ')(+*�03K5:/(+9Q,M>�03,M*�K+;+0�fD03,M*�93YW03;�H|*^tkGJ* ,M6<.O* ;�:�032.O*�03>MK+,/*-.1*-;`:/>\93YZ:/(+* >M*WB)CrG�03,�0�.1*^:�* ,M>\6<;w2<67:/* ,/0�:�K+,M* b ')(+* >M*W03G+G+,M9�tk67.w0�:/6<9Q;5> o`(+9�fD*^PQ*-, o

ÿ}ÿ

N+9ª;+93:X8�(�03;+=3*x:�(5*x9Q,MN+* ,X93Y�.w03=3;+67:/K+N+*@03=Q,M* *-.1*-;`:d93Y�:�(+67>d.O9kN5* 2+f@67:/(O:/(+*xB)Cs,/K5.1G+276<;+=*^tkGJ* ,M6<.O* ;�:�>ª[ }U];ÿ�¿�a�b')(+*wG5,/6<.103,�H�9Q4pÇM*-8-:/67PQ*193YD:/(+*OG+,/*->/* ;�:«8 9Q;�:�,M6<4+Kk:�6<93;y67>W:/9�=Q036<;y03;�6<;+>M6<=Q(�:T6<;�:�9g:�(5*>M:/,/*->/>jN+,M67P3* ;»>MK+,MYA0�8 *wN567°�K+>/679Q;»0�>j0�GJ9Q>M>/6<452<*h.1*-8�(�03;+67>/.Ñ93YD:�(+*wB)C�>/K5,MYA038-*w,/K5.1G+276<;+=6<;|:�(+*qB)CX��>MK+GJ* ,�0�2<2<9�H{>�Hk>�:�*-.1>�K5G�9Q;s:�(+*-,/.1032@8-Hp8 276<;+= b ')(+*�.19pN+* 2�G+,M* N+678-:�679Q;+>O>/(+9�f,/* 03>/93;�034+27*q03=3,/* *-.1*-;�:1f@6�:�({:�(+*e*^tkGJ* ,/67.1*-;�:�032@9Q4+>M* ,�P30i:�6<93;+>�[ }U]�ÿ�¿�a�b ')(+*�0�;�0327Hp>M6<>h* >à�:�0�4+2<67>/(+*->ª67.1GJ9Q,M:�03;�:TG�03,�0�.1*^:�* ,M>«=Q9�P3* ,/;56<;+=q:/(+*�,MK+.1G52<6<;5=eG5,/9p8 * >M> b ')(5* >/*�G+03,�03.O*-:/* ,M>8�0�;�4�*V:�036<279Q,/*-N1:/9j,/*-N+K+8 *L:/(+*�,/K5.1G+276<;+=TG+,M9k8-* >/>@0�;+Ng0�PQ9Q67N�67:�>d(�03,M.OYvK+2J*-°�* 8^:�>)9Q;�8-,�038�·6<;567:�6<0�:�679Q;�0�;+Ng=Q,/9�f):�(e6<;g'@B)CD> b| #À��� #~}|! Õ��&��� Õ')(+*dG+,/*->/* ;�:F03;�032�Hk>M6<>S* >�:�03452<6<>M(+* >S:�(5*D>M:/,/*->/>�N5,/67P3* ;ª>/K+,�YA038 *dN+67°�K+>/679Q;T03>�0xG+2<03K+>/674+2<*&.O* 8�(p�03;+67>/.$9�Y�:�(5*T4J9Q;+N�8 9�0i:x,MK+.OG+2<67;+=I9Q4+>M* ,MP3* N�67;�:�(+*-,/.1032Z4�03,M,/6<*-,@8 9�0�:/6<;+=3>)K+G�93;e:/(+* ,M.w0328-Hp8-2<6<;5= b ')(+6<>j03;�032�Hk>M6<>jG5,/* N56<8-:/>j8 93;`:/6<;`K+9QK5>I*-PQ932<K5:/6<9Q;�9�Y):�(+*�4J9Q;+Nu8-9�0�:j>MK+,MYA0�8 *�f@67:/(:�(5* ,/.1032±8^Hp8 2<67;+= b*� G�93;e* 038�(q8^Hp8 2<*�o+67:@67>\>/(59Uf@;e:�(�0i:):�(+*W03.OG+2767:�K5N+*V93Y�:�(5*T>MK+,MYA0�8 *���K+8��:�K+0�:�679Q;+>@f@67:�(ef\0�P3* 2<*-;+=3:/(�(+6<=Q(5* ,x:/(�03;q0w8 ,M67:�678�032±P�0327K+*T.19Q;593:�9Q;56<8�0�2<27Hw6<;+8-,/* 03>/*-> o�f@(56<2<*:�(5*�0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*�93Y���K+8^:�K�0i:�6<93;+>jf@67:/({fD0�PQ*-2<* ;5=3:�(s2<9�fD*-,I:�(�03;u:/(+*g8 ,/6�:�678�032DP�0327K+*�.O9Q;+9��:�93;+6<8 032<2�H�N+*-8 ,/* 03>/*-> b ')(+*�03;�0�27Hp>/67>ª0�2<>/9�* >�:�034+276<>M(+* >«0�,�0�;+=Q*O93Y\fD0�P3* 27* ;+=3:/(+>«:/(�0�:j(+0�P3*01,M* 2<0�:�6�PQ* 2�Hg(+6<=3(�.O9Q;+93:/9Q;+678ª0�.1G+2767:/K+N+*W6<;+8-,/* 03>/* b ')(+67>V,/03;+=Q*T93YFfD0�PQ* 27* ;+=�:�(+>W038-8 9QK5;`:/>Yv9Q,&:�(5*x>MK+,MYA038-*x,MK+.OG+2<67;+=�93Y�:/(+*�4�9Q;5N18-9�0�:XK+GJ9Q;1:/(+* ,M.w032�8^Hp8 2<67;+=ª03;+NO6<>R>/(+9�f@;w:/9«0�=Q,/*-*f@67:/(g*^tkG�*-,/67.1*-;`:�032Z9Q4+>M* ,�P30i:�6<93;+>),/*-G�9Q,�:�*-N�67;e2767:/* ,�0i:�K+,M* bÔ��(�����������&�����&� �����')(+*Lfd9Q,/·16<>d>/K+G+GJ9Q,�:�* Ng4�H�0hCD,M67:/6<8�0�2 � * >M*�03,M8�( � ;567:�6<0�:�6�PQ*�G+,/93=Q,�03.²0�:d:�(+* � ;+67P3* ,/>M67:�H193Y� 2<276<;+936<>Z0�: � ,M4�03;�0i�àCD(�03.OG�0367=Q;1? �x�"� C)E b ')(+*\03Kk:�(+9Q,M>�fd9QK+27N«2<67·3*R:�9V038�·`;+9�f@2<* N5=Q*\(+*-2<G5YvK+2N+67>/8 K5>/>/679Q;+>)f@67:/(q�&,M93Y b ' b �àC b CD(+6�0�;+=O0�: �x�"� C b

ÿ �

���&���&�$�&�������ÿQbx´ :/,�03;+=3.w03;�o5' b � b o��d�9�J���d� �¡�£¢�¤$�J�¡¥2¦^o ÿ�}3l�à o¨§9©aª�o }Q¿5b� bx´ (+*¬«O* , o®­ b   b 0�;+N�¬�K+G5:�05o�  b ­ b od¯;°/±(�9²{°<³s´ ¦R��µ9¶�·��J�L¸º¹�� »(¸¬¶�o ÿ�}QlQl o¨§�§g¼Zo _Qm�Ãkb¿5bF� *-6<* ,-o ´�b®�yb 0�;+N�¬�K+G5:�05o�  b ­ b od¯;°/±(�9²{°<³s´ ¦R��µ9¶�·��J�L¸º¹�� »(¸¬¶�o ÿ�}Q} �+o¨§�§9½±oJ� Ã3m5b� b ¬�9UfD03,MN±oJ¬ b µ b od��µ9¶J¾¿°(À<��´UÁ°F�®¸ÄÃÄ�9�L� �Å°<o ÿ�}3}Ql od§g¼®Æ[Çȧg¼®É±o�¼ ¿5bÃkb BD*-* 2<*�o+µ b o/ÃQÊdË4Ì&¸¬¶¿°ÅÍ&Îu³ÐÏ{Ï�o�� mQmQm o;ÑxÒ3Ó�§g¼Zo�� ÿ�m5b_5bx´ :/6<=Q*-, o �yb X b oS¦d03;�03,-o�¥ b5��b o�'�9QG5G+6<;+=5o �yb ¬ b o���*^:/:/67:�o�� b�´�b 03;+N � * 67* ,-o&¬ b Ì b o$ÔD°ÕÖ¸¬Á�´U�J�Ø×U¢{°<o ÿ�}3}Q} o�É4¼�? ÿ �3E^o ÿ�m3_Q}5b¼ b µy,/6<=3(`: oR� b ­ b 0�;+N{�FP30�;+> o z«b ¬ b oÙÀYµ9¶Ú¶Û¸¬�4ÁuÜDÝ®�J�4��� �Þ�J��d� �¡�£¢ß��Á�´UÁ"¸R´U�®¢�Õ�´UÁ"¸¬¶Ú�£´U�ئ�dì��¸¬�LÃĸ^o ÿ�}3}Q} o�àSoJ� ÃQÃpbl5b �FP�03;+> o zªb ¬ b o � K5.1.eo±  b¨�Wb oZÌxK5:/8�(+6<;5>/9Q;±oDX b µ b o � *-6<* ,-o�¬ b Ì b 0�;+N���*-:M:�6�:�oZ� bZ´�b o¹<¶Ä�á²U¶Û¸Ä¦Ä¦��J�âÕ�´UÁq¸¬¶¬�£´U�ئ��dì��¸¬�LÃĸ^o+� mQm=ÿ o�àa½Zo Ã3m�Ãkb}5b ��*-;+;+*^YA0�:�(+*-, o �Wb C b 03;+N�BD9p9Q;+*3o�  b Ì b od��µ[¶J¾¿°(À<��´UÁ�°F�a¸ÄÃÄ�9�L� �Å°<o ÿ�}Q}�à o�ª�½;Ǭª�ª�oJ��¼ bÿ�m5b  L*-4±oZ� b oSBD9p9Q;+*�o±  b Ì b 0�;+N � 03;+27*-H3o±' b � b o �M� o5¯;°2ã4´9Ã�°Y�dì�£°��a¸ÄÃÄ�9�L� �Å°<o ÿ�}Ql ¼ko¨ä3åÛ½aæUo¿Q¿Q_Q_kb

ÿ}ÿQb '�9Q27G`Hp=Q95o+� b ­ b 03;+NqCD2�0�,/·3*�o�  b4�Wb o�çºÃ¬Á�´ Õ�´UÁq¸¬¶�°<oJ� mQmQm o[àLƱo ¿ � lQ¿5bÿ � b Ì�9Q2<.O* >-o�X b µ b 03;+N � 8�CD2<67;`:/9k8�·�o�� b�zªb oLÕ踬Á�´U�J�Å°���¶�´U�;¦�°<o ÿ�}3}Qm o�©¨§gé�o ÿ � m3}5bÿ�¿5b�ê (+03;+=+ok¦ b Ì b o5µ¶67:/(+* ,M> o�� b X b o���9�t�o �yb   b 0�;+NN­W;59Uf@27* >-o�  b��yb oLÕß´UÁq¸¬¶Ú�£´U�ئ��dì��¸¬�LÃĸ´U�®¢è�a¸ÄÃÄ�9�L� �ë�á²Uìio ÿ�}Q}Q} o¨§9ä±o ÿ�m3¿=ÿQbÿ � b ¬W039+o+Ì b 03;+N�¥x6Át�o5µ b   b o4çº�4�4µ�°3ís¸¬î °/Õ�´UÁ"¸¬¶¿°D�dì�£°<o ÿ�}Q}Q} o�©�ɱo ÿ ¼ ¿kbÿUÃkb ��,M* K+;+N�ogï b B b o`Bd* 27:/©3o`¬ b � b 0�;+N�X39Q;+>MN+93:/:/6<,-o�� b o;Õß´UÁ�°®ís¸Ä¦�°���ì ¥ºÝL°�¹<¶Ä�ÈÃ�°<o ÿ�}Q}Q¿ o{ð�? l E^o¿QlQ¿5b

ÿ�¿

ÿ�_5b ��,M* K+;+N�o�ï b B b 03;+NxX39Q;+>MN+93:/:/6<,-o�� b od¯�°/Õè¸ÄÃÄ�;°3¹$�9ìȦ�°D�d� �¡�£¢ ¦^o ÿ�}Q}Q¿ o�à/§�o ÿ ��� Ãkbÿ ¼ b ��,M* K+;+N�o�ï b B b o®ñÚ�4Á°/¯;°D�d� �¡�£¢ ¦���Á£¶Úµ�ìÁ£µ9¶Ä¸Ä¦^o ÿ�}3}�à o4ð�©S? _�V ¼QE^o }=ÿ}ÿQbÿ�l5b ��,M* K+;+N�o�ï b B b 03;+NxX39Q;+>MN+93:/:/6<,-o�� b oLÕÖ¸ÄÃÄ�;´U�4��ÃĦò�"¾FÕß´UÁq¸¬¶Ú�£´U�ئ^o ÿ�}Q}�à o4©�¼Zo ¿3¿ ¼ bÿ�}5b ¬�,/672<(+*�o4X b o®ç&ìÁ�´�Õ踬Á´U�J�Å°/Õ�´UÁ"¸¬¶¿°<o ÿ�}3}Q¿ o�à/§�o }QmQ}5b� m5b ¬�,/67;5Yv* 27N±o ��b�z«b od¯�°/óô� �4�¡�J�L¸á´U¶&�dì�£°<o ÿ�}3}Q¿ o�ð±o ¿�Ãkb� ÿQb�´ ,/9Q279UPp6�:�©W  b X b o®ç&ìÁ�´�Õ踬Á´U�J�Å°<o ÿ�}3lQ} o�ðaª±?c�QE�o _ � ÿ3b�Q� b ¬W039+o+Ì b od¯�°/Õè¸ÄÃÄ�;°3¹$�9ìȦ�°D�d� �¡�£¢ ¦^o ÿ�}Q} �5o�àa©�? à E^o�¼�� ÿQb� ¿5b�´ K+9+o ê�b od¯�°¨ÕÖ¸ÄÃÄ�;°/¹$�9ìȦ�°D�d� �¡�£¢ ¦^o ÿ�}Q}�à o;àaðS? _ E�o l � }5b��� b�´ (+*[email protected];±o�� b ¬ b o5Í�� õsµ{¦¬��� �Ö�J�ߦÈ� �¡�£¢ ¦^oS��;+N�*-N+67:/6<9Q;±o � 6<;5* ,�0�2<> o � *-:�032<>�ö � 0�:/* ,/6<032<>´ 9p8 6<*^:�HQo ÿ�}3lQ} o5G5G b�¿Qm5b

� Ãkb ¬W039+o+Ì b od¯�°/Õè¸ÄÃÄ�;°3¹$�9ìȦ�°D�d� �¡�£¢ ¦^o ÿ�}Q}=ÿ o�ð�ÉZo5�Q� ¿5b� _5b�� K+.1.eo�  b4�Wb o��&P�03;5> o z«b ¬ b 03;5N ´ G567:�>M4�*-,/=+o ��b ' b o®çºÃ¬Á´�Õ�´UÁ"¸¬¶¿°<oJ� m3m=ÿ o;àaɱoJ� ¿Q¿3}5b�Q¼ b�´ :�,�0�;+=Q.103;±o+' b � b 03;+N�Ìx93G+·`6<;+>-o ´�b µ b o®çº¥�°<À<¸¬¶á´U¥�°3�d�ÈÃ�°3Ìsµ9�J�Å°<o ÿ�} ¼ ÿ o�ä�äZo ¿3m � b� l5b�� 8� L9Q;�0�2<N±o�¬ b 03;5NqÌ�* ;+N+,M6<8�·`> o �Wb C b o��d�9�J�x�d� �¡�£¢u¤$�J�¡¥2¦^o ÿ�}3lQm o®ª�ð±o�� }=ÿ3b� }5b�� 6<2<27* ,-o �Wb+z«b 03;5NâïZ9�fD*-2<2�o�C b � b o��d�9�J�â�d� �¡�£¢�¤$�J�¡¥2¦^o ÿ�}Ql �ko4É�ä±oJ� _�Ãkb¿Qm5b X393,/N�03;�o�  b µ b 03;+N���034�*-, o4­ b ' b o��d�9�J�â�d� �¡�£¢�¤$�J�¡¥2¦^o ÿ�}Q}Q¿ o�©�ð®ä±o ÿ�¿ ¼ b¿=ÿQb Ì�*3o �yb ¦ b o��FP�03;+>-o z«b ¬ b 03;+NeÌxKk:�8�(+67;+>/9Q;�oLX b µ b o®çºÃ¬Á´�Õ�´UÁ"¸¬¶¿°<oJ� m3mQm o�àaƱo�� Ã3}3¿5b¿ � b)z >�03,M9+o �Wb X b 03;+Ne')6<272<* ,-okµ b+zªb oLÕ踬Á�´U�J�Å°F��¶�´U�;¦�°<o ÿ�} ¼3�ko;àa©±o ÿ ¼ lQ}kb

ÿ �

÷$ø¬ù�úÚû&ü¡ýºþLÿ������µ ������ ����

������������� �"!$#&%�')(�*�+�,µ -�./10�2 3�4

5�6�7�8 9;: <>=�?�@�ACBED�F�GEHJI;K LNMPO

QSRUTWVYX[Z]\µ ^`_

��6<=QK+,M* ÿ�a '@B)CÆ>M:�,MK+8-:/K+,/*

b�c

d�e

fghi j

∂∂+k

��6<=3K+,/*T� a  L6�°�K5>/6<93;g032<9Q;5=I>/K+,�YA038 *W* 27* .O* ;�:�93Y�:�(+*W8 9Q0�:�67;+=

ÿUÃ

λ l

m�npo$qsr t

u

σv

��6<=3K+,/* ¿�aX´ 6<;`K+>/936<N�032���K+8-:/K�0�:/6<9Q;+>@93Y�:�(5*WYv,M* *W>/K5,MYA038-*T9�YFB)C

τ wyx{zC|s}

~

������

���)� �

��67=QK+,/*g� a ')(5* ,/.1032@8-Hp8-2<6<;5=yf@67:/(s:/,/6�0�;+=QK+2<03,j:�*-.1GJ* ,/0�:�K+,M*�P�03,M6�0�:/6<9Q;uf@67:/(Â;+93,/.1032<67© * N:�67.1*

ÿ�_

� ����� ����� �1��� ����� �����1��J��� �

 J¡�¢¤£

¥�¦¨§

©�ª¤«

¬�­ ®

¯�°¨±

²�³¤´

λ µp¶ µ ·¹¸

º»½¼γ

¾>¿ÀÂÁÃ ÄÆÅ

βσ

ÇÈÂÉ ÊË ÌͤΠÏÐ ÑÒ{Ó¤Ô ÕÖÂ×

τ ØÚÙÂÛ$ÜsÝ

Þ

ßYàâá

ã�ä�åæ

çè�é)ê ë

λ ì í îλ ï ð

ñSòôó�õpöø÷úù�ûýüÿþ�� ò������¹þ���� ò��øõ �p÷���� þ��pó�÷ þ����ø÷ ö����p÷����p÷�ö��Úþ�������� ÷ þ��`þ��Yõ � ��� ò��������! þ#"�÷%$ ÷��pó����

&('

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Number of thermal cycles

Rel

ativ

e w

ave

ampl

itude

m

λ µ m = 400

maxλ = 208 µ m

cr λ = 156 µ m

λ = 70 µ m λ = 120 µ m

ñSòôó�õpöø÷*)�û ü ÷+ þ�� ò,"�÷� ¹þ#"�÷&þ��� ôò��øõ �p÷ýþ��ÿþ��Yõ � ��� ò-���.��������÷/�Æõ �10 ÷�ö2��������÷ ö��Úþ�3���4�+ ÷��2�5�1ö�pò,6 ÷�öø÷+�7�8 ¹þ9"1÷+ô÷+�pó���� �

τ :<; =?>,@

A

B7CED F

G H

I7J7K�L

M

ñSòôó�õpöø÷ ' ûONP�p÷�ö��Úþ�Q���4�+ ò��póR ò,���S�;ò-�Æõ �?��ò-� þ�2�ø÷+�T� ÷�ö þ��øõpöø÷."1þ�öøòJþU� ò-���V ò,���S� �1ö��Úþ� ò�W ÷+�� ò��Ú÷

&9X

Y ZU[�\ ]7^(_ `(a(b c�d�e f%g�h(ij-k�lnm9o

p�qnr(s

t�unv9w

x�y{z%|

}�~{���

����γ

������� ��βσ

���� �� ������� ����������

λ  ¢¡ µ £¥¤

τ ¦<§ ¨?©,ª

«

¬ ­ ® ¯° ±³²�´

µ7¶7·¹¸

λ º » ¼λ ½ ¾

ñSòôó�õpöø÷ X ûýüÿþ�� ò������¹þ���� ò��øõ �p÷���� þ��pó�÷ þ����ø÷ ö����p÷����p÷�ö��Úþ�������� ÷ þ��`þ��Yõ � ��� ò��������! þ#"�÷%$ ÷��pó����

&9¿