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PROCEEDING OF

NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY

SEMINAR 2OO8

DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE & NATIONAL PARKS

Edited by

Mohd. Nawayai Yasak

Shukor Md. NorRahmah llias

Syarifah Khadiejah Syed Mohd. Kamil

Mohamad Rufino Baipura MohamadFrankie anak Thomas Sitam

Department of Wildtife & National Parks

2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword

1 Marnmals of Temenggor Forest Reserve: Evidence through Camera Trapping V

Rufina, M. B. M., David Magintan, Cosmos Ngau, Abu Zohrim lsmail, HomidiJarnaludin, Zainal, A. M., ldlan Rasdi, Abdul Kadir Abu Hoshim, Dennis Ten

Choon Yung & Fauzul Azim, Z, A.

2 Taburan l-lerpetofauna di Riaab Hidupan Liar Bukit Fraser, Pahang

Paul Y. lmbun, Sinail Dunsul & Hamidi Jsmaludin

3 A Survey sn Small Mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia

Nur Aida Md Tamrin, Mahd Ridwan A. Rohmsn, Mohd Hanif Ridzuan MatDaud, Noorhalizs Hossan and M.T. Abduttah

4 Annotated Checklist of Butterflies at Sungai Kejar, Roya| Belum, Perak

Syurifoh Khsdiejah Syed Mohd Kami| Khairul Nizam Komaruddln &Normoisaroh lbrohim

5 Hornbills and Barbets of Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang

Pan, K.A., Siti Hawo, Y., Nar Azlin, M.F., Shahfiz, M.A, Rahmah, I

6 Odonata of Fraser's Hill, Montane Ecozones with Conservation lmplications 49

Y. Norma-Roshid

7 Dlversity of Edible Rare Fruit Species in Sungai Kejar, Royal Belum Forest 61

Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

Mahd. Nar Faizql, 6., Masrom, H., Amar, Y., & Gerten, D.

8 A Survey of Macrofungi at Sungai Kejal r,aman Diraja Belum, Gerik, Perak 67

Thi Bee Kin & Lee 5u 5ee

9 Phytochemical and Biological Activity Screening of Plants Coliected Frorn 77

Kuala Keniam, Taman Negara, Pahang

Irtor Hadiani tsmail, Fsridahqnim Mahd jaofar, ltlorizan Ahmat, Rohayo

Ahmad, Ncor Hano Hussuin and Shamsul Khsmis

10 Partia! Purification and Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase f rom Mytus 87

Vittatus

Mohd Khqlizan Subullsh & Mahd Yunus Abd. Shukor

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A SURVEY ON SMATL MAMMAI.S IN THE ROYAL BETUM PARK, PER,AK, MALAVSIA

Nur Aids Md Tamrin, Mahd Ridwon A. Rahman, Mohd Hanif Ridzuan Mat Daud,Naorhaliza Hassan and M.T. Abdutlah

Faculty of Resource Sciente ond Technology, Universiti Maloysio Sarawak94300 Kota Samorohan, Sorawok

better_tortoise@ya hoo. com

ABSTRACT

Asurvey on small mammals was conducted at Sungai Kejar, Royal Belum Park, Perak on the 18th untill24th of August 2008, Throughout the sampling period, 10 mist nets, four Harp traps and 150 cage trapswere deployed. The preliminary small mammal species list is presented for Sungai Kejar, Royal BelumPark, Perak using the information gained during the six days of sampling. A total of 24 individualsrepresenting 13 species from 10 genera and five families of small mammals were recorded. Ground-level trapping using 150 cage traps yielded five species of small mammals in the Order Rodentia withthe trapping effort of 900 trap-days. The Polynesian Rat lRattus exulons) was the most commonlytrapped terrestrial small mammal. Eight species of bats from the Order Chiroptera were trapped withthe accumulated effort of 84 trap-days. The most common species of bats captured was the Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotisJ. The less common small mammal species captured in SungaiKejar, Royal Belum Park were Kerivaula intermedia, Hipposiderous diadema, Hipposiderous cineroceus,Kerivoula papillasa, Rhinolophus trifoliotus, Balionycteris maculata, Chiranqx melanochepolo, andSundamys muelleri wilh only one individual per species.

Keywords: biodiversity, Royal Belum Park, Chiroptera, Rodentia

AESTRAK

Kaiian mamolis kecil telah dijalankan di Sungai Kejar, Taman DiRaia 9elum, Perak mulai 1"8 hingga24 Ogas 2008. Sebanyak LA jaring kabut, empat perongkap Harpa dan i,50 perongkap sangkar telahdigunakan" Senarsi awal spesies msmolia kecil direkodkan sepanjong enarn hari kajian. Sebanyak24 individu merangkumi 1j spesies daripada 10 genus teloh direkadkan sepaniang kajian ini. Limaspesies marnslia kecil dslam Qrder Radentia teloh ditangkap menggunakan L50 perangkap sangkardengan jumtoh usths 9A0 peranEkap-hari. Rattus exulans merupokan spesies mamalis kecil tidakterbang yang paling kerap ditangkap" Lapan spesies kelawar daripada Order Chiroptera telahditangkap dengan jumlah ussha 84 perangkap-hari" Spesies kelawar yang poling kerap ditangkapialah Cvnopterus brachvatis manakala mamalia kecil yang paling kurang ditangkap di Tarnan DiRaja

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Belum islsh Kerivoula intermedia, Hipposideraus disdema. Hip1osiderous cinersceus. Kerivoula

pqplllgss, Rhinolaohus trifaliatAs Bslianvctei, naculata. Chironax fielSlQQbgpqjS- dsn Sundamvs

muelleri dengan hanya satu individu bagi setiap spesies.

Kata kekunci: kepelbagaian hidupan, Tuman D{ftaia Belum, chiroptera, Radentis

INTRODUCTION

Royal Belum Forest Reserve {RBFR} is situated in the north most corner of Perak, adjacent to

Temenggor Forest Reserve. The 117,500 ha was declared as the Royal Belum State Park on 31't July

2003. lt is the third |argest park in Malaysia after Taman Negara (434,351 ha) and Crocker Range Park

{139,9L9 hai {Ministry of Natural Resource and Enviroment, 2007). The RBFR composed mainly of

tropical rainforest. There are three types of forest which are lowland dipterocarp, hill dipterocarp and

lswer montane fsrests. The habitat consists of bamboo and palm trees and ferns. lt is surrounded

by Ternenggor Lake i15, 200 ha) which is the largest man-made lake in Perak and second largest in

Malaysia after Kenyir Lake in Terengganu.

RBFR is the irnportant area for large mammals such as Gaur, Asian elephant, Malayan tigers

and Surnatrans rhinoceros" Research and inventories have been done by PERHiLITAN, WWF, MNS and

sther institutions in this forest reserve, and preliminary inventory done by PERHILITAN {Abd Kadir

Abu Hashim, 1992) recorded that RBFR contains high wildlife diversity comparable to Taman Negara

pahang and Ulu Muda FR, Kedah. Previous study by Besar and Muhamad {1994} recorded 15 species

of small rnammals at Sira Rambai, RBFR. Another study by Ratnam et aL q7995| at Temenggor Forest

Reserve also recorded 67 species of small mammals.

The objectives of this survey were to document the diversity of small mammals in RBFR

and to compare with previous studies. This baseline information is important to determine the latest

status of small mammal diversity and their habitat in RBFR.

MATERIATS AND METHODS

Study area

The survey was conducted at Sungai Kejar (N 05' 48' 34.9" E 701" 25' 26 A"), RBFR from 18 to 25

August 2008. Sungai Kejar is an hour distance from Banding Jetty using speed boat across Temenggor

Lake. The elevation of the study area is approximately 300 meters a.s.l. while the forest reserve ranged

between 300 and 900 meters a.s.l. (Jasmi Abdul, 1991).

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Figure 1: Map of Royal Belum Forest Reserve and Sungai Kejar (in box) as the study area

Trapping

Survey was carried out using 10 mist nets (36 mm mesh), four four-bank Harp traps and 150 cage

traps. Nets and Harp traps were set at forest edge, trails, cross the stream, and an open area in the

forest. Cage traps baited with banana and salted fish were placed above ground along the trail with the

approximate distance of 10 m from each others. The trapping effort was calculated by total number

of nets and traps multiply by total of sampling days. Measurements of external character were done

using a dial vernier calliper {Mitutoyo'*, Kawasaki, Japan) and weight was taken using a Pesola spring

balance. The identification of species was done using Payne et al. I2AOS), Kingston ef al. {2006), and

Francis {200Si. Samples collections of dry and wet specimens were deposited into the Museum ofZoological UNIMAS (MZU) and PERHILITAN museum. All tissue samples were preserved in both lysis

buffer and 75?i ethanol, Bloods were collected using syringe and dripped on the nobuto-blood strip

or filter paper, or preserved in bload preservative buffer. Each tube, vial sr filter paper was properly

labeled with collection number, species name, date and location.

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS

Based on this study, a total of 24 indivlduals representing 13 species from 10 genera and five families

of small mammals were recorded in the sampling area {Table 1). Ground-leve} trapping yielded five

species of non-volant small mammals in the family Muridae with the trap effort of 900 trap-day. Eight

species of bats from the Order Chiroptera were trapped with the a.cumulated effort of 84 trap-day.

The rnost commonly encountered small rnammal species was R. exulans {25%} (Iable 1}.

There were 10 species caught as singletons, namely Balionycteris maculoto, Chiranqx melanochepola,

Hipposideros cineruceus, t1. disdemu, Kerivouls intermedia, K. papillasa, Rhinolophus trifaliatus, and

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Sundamys muElleri^ Higher diversity of small mammals were recorded using cage traps and Harp traps

which were five species respectively while only three species docurnented using mist nets. Although

Harp traps and mist-nets are specified to catch insect bats and fruit bats respectively, Harp traps have

higher succe:s rate than mist-netting as observed in the captured species of volant small mammals.

Thus, the suggestion on the effectiveness of Harp traps was supported as the insectivorous bats

are capable of avoiding and detecting the nets by using their echolocation {Abdullah et ol., 1997;

Mohd-Azlan ersL, 2005). Nevertheless, the insect bats can still be captured in mist net with frequentchecking as they have a high tendency to escape from the net by chewing their way out in just short

of minutes when the nets ieft unattended {Abdultah et o1.,7997).

Table 1: I,lumber of species captured and the relative abundance in Sg. Kejar, Royal Belum Forest

Reserve

Family Species tndlyrduals nelative abu

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Rhinolophida e Rhinolaphus trifoliatus 1

Hipposideridae Hipposideros diadems tHip\osideros cinerqceus t

Vesperlilionidae Kerivaula inte.rmedia 1

Kerivaula PaPillosa !Pteropodidae Cynopterus brachyatis 3

BolionYcteris maculsta 1

Chironax melonochePala L

Muridae Rattus exulansRsttus rattusMaxamys whiteheadi 2

Sundamys muelleri 1

4.174.174.174.174.1712.504.774.17

2s.0012.50

8.324.17

Based on Figure 2, the curves have not reached the asymptotes suggesting that there are

more species could be captured if the sampling days being increased'

' hon voiefit

aey f sry 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 5

Figure 2: Cumulative number of species (volant and non-volant) caught in 5g. Kejar"

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Appendix I shows the ccmparison of species caught and observed in recent study and the

other two studies done by Ketol and Khashim {1-994} and Ratnam ef ol. {1995). The summary of this

study compared to previous reports is listed in Table 2.

The durations for samplings are dlfferent for each survey which makes the data are notcornparable. The study by Ratnarn rt ol. {1995) was done for 12 months comprising of five expeditionsin three sampling sites captured higher number of species and individuals. Different number of species

reported in the study by Ketol and Khashirn (1994) although their study was conducted in the same

Forest Reserve. Differences of total species number caught between the current and previous studiessuggested to be csntributed by the differences of the trapping locations in combination with the

usage of more effective traps (Mohd-Azlan ef a/. 2005). The placement of nets and traps would also

influence the small marnmal species collection.

Low number of species captured in this study is due to certain biotic and abistic factors"

The major reason is probably the presence of human disturbance in the study area. There are major

man-made developments such as buildings that altered the forest compositions. The progress of the

development forced the small mammals and in fact all animals to get deeper in the forest which was

not in the locatisn of the study site^ According tc the study done by Ketol and Khashirn {1994}, the

aborigines hunt certain species of non-volant small mammals such as squirrels for food. There was no

species ofsquirrel observed during the survey.

Low foqd resourees might cause the lower number of individual captured. Lack of fruitingtrees \rlras observed during the survey. However, the presence of frugivore bats such as B. maculats,

C. brochyotis, and C. rnelonachepola are likely to influence the regeneration sf forest as they can play

important role in seed dispersal and pcllination (Boon and Corlett, 1989; Fujita and Tuttle, 1991; Tan

et al., 1998; Hodgkison et ql., VOA3 and Mohd-Azlan et at.,2O1A\.

The vegetation of the sampling sites is not condensed consists of mainly bamboo trees,

palms and ferns among a few big trees. This leads to the high predation-prey relationship for example

owl catching non-volant small marnmals for food. The other speculation is the unsuitable bait used

also influence the capture of non-vslant mammal. ln Sarawak, banana is the most efficient bait forcapturing rodents and Scadentia {Tuen et ol., 2000}. Howevel it seems the banana is less effectivein RBFR. From the observation, all Rsftus species were caught in traps baited with salted fish, while

the rest of forest rats caught in traps baited with banana. Foods preference plays the vital roles in

developmental processes that usually promote symmetrical growth of small mamrnals {Rahman,2010)

The presence af Rottus exulans {highest individual caught} and Roftus raffus indicate thatthere were human disturbance existed in the study area because rats in genus frolfus act as thebiological indicator for human existence (Ratnam et al., 1995; Payne et ol., 20A5; Francis, 2008i.During survey, all of Roltus species were caught in the camp vicinity. Thus, this strengthens the notion

that the Roffrs species is high associated with the human.

The weather is probably one of the factors that influenced the results in this study. Heavy

downpour during the most of sampling time especialiy in the late evening until dawn may have

affected the foraging activity of nocturnal small mammals. Thus, less number of species comes out toforage and being captured in the traps.

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Table 2: Summary of this study compared to previous reports

ParanneterUNIMAS &

PERHTLTTAN (20081Ketol and Khashim {1994} Ratnam etcL {1995}

Duration 6 days(18-23 August

2008)

9 days

{27 April-5 May 1994i

12 months(october 1993-octo-

ber 1994)

Number ofexpeditions

Number of sites 1

iSg. Kejar,

Royal Belum Park)

1

(Sira Rambai,Royal Belum Park)

3

(Kampung Tekam,Halong camp and

Hill 7273,Temenggor Forest

Reserve)

Methodology Mist-netting,Harp-trapping,cage trapping

Mist-netting,cage trapping

Mist-netting,Harp-trapping,

cage trapping, directobservations,

identification oftracks and

distinctive marks

Number ofindividuals

35 N/AItY

,^r_r,Number of species 6713

ltlumber of Family ttMost abundantspecies

Rsttus exulans Rhi nolophus scu mi nstus NIA

Total effort{trap-days}

855 N/A

coNctuSroNs

Low number of species caught in this study compared to the previous studies done by Ketol and

Khashlm {1994}, and Ratnarn et al. {1995} probably due to the presence of human disturbance, lowfood resources, effectiveness of trapping and weather, Small mammals are good biological indicatorsas they are sensilive to any sorts of disturbance and development towards the forest environment. ltis obvious that any form of habitat depletion within the park would severely affects the small mammalpopulation. Minimizing human disturbance in the park is crucial to maintain the species compositionin the forest.

ACKNOWTEOGEMENTS

Our appreciaticn goes to PERHILITAN for inviting and allowing us to join the inventory and the NationalBiodiversity Conference, Our gratitude goes to UNIMAS for the administrative suppsrt and providing

the fund from grant MsHE FRGS to Prof. Mohd. Taiuddin Abdullah.

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REFEREHCES

Abd Kadil A. H" 1992. Survei Hidupan Liar di Hutan Sirnpan Belum, Hulu Perak. Department of Wildlifeand National Park, Kuala Lumpur"

Abdullah, M. T.. Rahman, M. A. & Hall, L. 5. 1997" New records for bats in Sarawak, Malaysia. MalayanNature Jaurnal 50: 365-367.

A" Rahman, M. R" 2010. Biageagrcphy and variatian of dusky fruit bst, Penthetor lucssi in Malaysia.MSc Thesis. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Semarahan.

Boon, P. P. & Corlett, R. T. 1989. Seed dispersal by the lesser short-nosed fruit bal {Cynapterusbrachyotis, Pteropodidae, Megachiroptera\. Malayan Nsture Journal 42'.?5X-156.

Besar, K. & Muhamad Khashim, A" 1994. Morfologi mamalia kecil Hutan Simpan Belum, Hulu Perak.

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Francis, C. M" 2001- A phatagraphic guide to mammals of South-east Asia: lncluding Thailand,

Malaysla, Singapare, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodio, Vietnam, .)ova, Sumotra, Bali snd Borneo-

London: Ilew Holand Press.

Francis, C. M. 2008. Field guide to the mammols of South-east Asiq. London: Princeton Press.

Fujita, M. S. & Tuttle, M. D. 1991. Flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): threatened anirnals of key

ecological importance. Conservation Bialogy 5: 455-463.

Hodgkison, R., Balding, S. T., Zubaid, A. & Kunz, T. H. 2003. Fruit bats as seed dispersers and pollinators

tS in a lowland Malaysian rain forest. Biatropico 35:491-502"

Jasmi Abdul. 1991. Kertas Cadangan Penubuhan Taman Negara Belum, Negeri Perak. Department ofWildlife and National Park, lpoh, Perak"

Ministry of Natural Resource and Enviroment. 2007. Royal Belum State Park Gazetted. Malaysian Park

Newsletter. July 2007.

Mohd-Azlan, J., Neuchlos, i. & Abdullah, M. T" 2005. Diversity of chiropterans in limestone forest area,

Bau, Sarawak . Malaysion Applied Biolagy 34 {1}: 59-64.

Mohd-Azlan, J., Tuen, A. A. & Mshd Ridwan, A. R" 2010. Preliminary assessrnent of activity pattern

and diet of lesser dog faced fruit bat Cynopterus brachyatis in a dipterocarp forest, Sarawak,

Borneo. Trapical Ecaiagy 51 (2):175-180.

Payne, .I. & Francis, C. M. 2005. A Field Guide to the Mammsls of Borneo. Kota Kinabalu: The Sabah

Saciety.

Ratnam, 1., Llm, B" L. & Hussein, N. A. 1995. Mammals of the Sungai Singgor area in Temengor Forest

Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Molayan Nsture Lournal 48:.4A9-423-

Tan, K. H", Zubaid, A. & Kunz. T. H. 1998. Food habits of Cynapterus brachyotis {Mulleri {Chiroptera:Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. jaurnal of Trapicol Ecology 74: 299-307.

Tuen, A. A., Osman, A. & Putet, C" 2000. Distributiorr and abundance of small mamrnals and birds atMt. Santuhong, Sarawak. Sarawak Maseum .)aurnal 76:235- 754.

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Appendix l: List of species and individuals caught according to their location in Sungai

Kejar, Royal Belurn Park, Perak compared to previous study at Royal Belum Park and

the adjacent forest reserve

Family

Forest Base camp Sira Rarnbaiarea area

Ketoland RatnametolKhashim (1994! {199s}

Temenggor FR

Current study

Sungai Kejar

Species

Rhinolophidae

Rh i n al a ph us trifo I i 6t u s

Rhinolaphus s{finis

Rhinolofus ocuminatus

Rhinalaphus stheno

Rhinolophus lepidus

Rhinalaphusmegophyllus

HipposideridaeHipposiderousdiadema

Hipposiderouscineraceus

Hipposideras bicalar

H i p posid e ros G a ! e ritus

VespertilionidaeKerivoulo papillosa

Kerivoulo pellucida

Kerivoulo minutqKerivoula hardwickiiKerivoula intermedio

Murina oenea

Murino cyclotis

Murino suilla

Phoniscus atroxMyotis muritolaMyotis harsefieldi

Myotis mantivogus

Myatis hermani

Myads ridleyiTylanycteris pochypus

Tyl onycte ri s rabustulo

Miniopterusschreibersii

Horpiorcphalusmordox

Molossidae

C h e a ro rx e I es to r q udt us

NycteridaeNycteris javanica

Megaderrnatidae

Megaderma spasmo

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PteropodidaeCynopterus brachyotis

Bal iany cteris ms cul*taChironsxmelonochepala

Megserops ecaudotus

RouseflusamplexicaudatusPt€rapus varnpyrus

Cy n opte r us h o rsefi e I di iDya$pterus spadiceus

Penthetar lucosi

Eonycteris spelaea

N'lacroglossus minimus

Ernballonurldae

Emballonura monticalq

MuridaeRattus exulons

Rollus roltusRattus tiamanicus

Leopoldantys sebsnus

Sundamys muelleri

Maxomys whiteheadi

Chirapodomysglirasildes

Rattus ratlus diordiiBerylmys bawersiNiviventercreffiarivefiterMaxamys surifer

SciuridaeRatulo bicolorRatufc *ffinisCollosiurus notatus

Ccllosiurus prevostii

Callosciurusnig{ovitt0tusCo ll osci ur u s Jlovi mo n us

Sundasciurus tenuis

sundasciurus lowiiTaffiiaps nocclellandiiLariscus insignis

Petaurist7 petourist1

lomys horsfiefdii

Hy!apet*s lepidus

Rhizomyidae

31

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Rhizarfiyssumstrefisis 0 0 0 Recorded

ilumber of farniliesNumber af species

filumber af individuals

7

15

5

1.3

11

67

24 3s NIA

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