5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ... - NICMAR

5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONCONSTRUCTION, REAL ESTATE, INFRASTRUCTURE &

PROJECT MANAGEMENT (ICCRIP)BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Organised byNational Institute of Construction Management And Research

December 17-18, 2021

Book of Abstracts

5th International Conference On

Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project Management

December 17 - 18, 2021

Chief Editor: Dr. Anil Kashyap Editor: Dr. Jonardan Koner

Organised by

NICMAR National Institute of Construction Management and Research Pune,

India

Convener’s Message

On behalf of the organizing committee, I welcome you to the 5th International Conference on

Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management (ICCRIP 2021),

December 17–18, 2021, at National Institute of Construction Management and Research

(NICMAR), Pune, India. This conference is a conglomeration of Academicians, Researchers,

Industry Practitioners and Engineering/Architecture/Planning students with the aim to promote

research and facilitate discussions and knowledge exchange across the wide spectrum of CRIP

management areas. We have received a large number of scholarly research papers from eminent

academicians, practitioners and students from India and abroad on a variety of themes including

Smart Design Methods and Considerations, Regulatory Framework and Government Initiatives,

Innovative Waste Management, Digitisation in CRIP sector, Advances in Methods and

Technologies in the CRIP Sector, Intelligent Structures and Buildings for Sustainability and

Artificial Intelligence for Construction, and allied areas. The papers are selected through a ‘Blind

Review Process’ and we are confident that the selected papers will provide significant insights into

a broad range of CRIP sector advances and issues across the globe. I am convinced that these two

days of the conference including the various keynote sessions and paper presentations will provide

its participants with an intellectual feast and it will indeed be an enriching experience for everyone.

Dr. Jonardan Koner Conference Convener, ICCRIP – 2021 Sr. Professor and Dean – Research & Publications, NICMAR

1 National Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR)

Table of Contents Success Criteria for Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects: A Community Perspective ..................... 5

Mobility and Urbanism in Future for Sustainable Transport Infrastructure ..................................................... 6

Challenges for Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Affordable Mass Housing

Projects .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Ranking of Smart Cities by Evaluating Quality of Life Using TOPSIS Method .................................................... 8

C and D Waste Treatment and Policies in Australia, China, and India: A Comparative Study .......................... 9

Renewable Energy Generation in India for Future Energy Security ................................................................10

Comparative Assessment of Prevalent Cost Estimation Software Applications for Construction Projects – A

Review .............................................................................................................................................................11

Analytical Study of Productivity and Efficiency of Economic Gains in Reclamation of Construction Waste ..12

Implementation of BIM and Lean - An Experimental Study ............................................................................13

Water-Efficient Technologies to Reduce Water Consumption in the Indian Buildings ..................................14

Perception of Indian Construction Industry on Implementation of Goods and Services Tax .........................15

Bio Gasification as a Viable Alternative for Moving Towards Sustainable Development - A Trial Study Using

Kitchen Waste ..................................................................................................................................................16

Study on the Geopolymer Soil-Based Mortar-Sustainable Alternative to Cement Mortar ............................17

A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Bandra-Worli Sea Link ..............................................................................18

Gender Role Bias in the Indian Construction Sector .......................................................................................19

Review of Sustainable Construction Methodology for Slum Rehabilitation in India ......................................20

Planning for the Indian Steel Cities: Spatial and Administrative Framework..................................................21

Evaluation of Green Rating System using Net Positive Lenses .......................................................................22

Quality Management Practices in Construction Industry: A Systematic Literature Review ...........................23

Essence of Work Life Balance on the Perspective of COVID 19: Indicator of Human Development ..............24

Use of Primavera for Risk Management of a Residential Building Project at Amravati City...........................25

Sustainability Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) Infrastructure Projects: An

Introspection ...................................................................................................................................................26

Development of A Multi-Year Pavement Prioritization Model for Low Volume Roads ..................................27

Development of Green Rating System for Sustainable Highways ...................................................................28

Challenges in Implementing Green Retrofitting in Pre-Existing Residential Buildings: A Review ...................29

A Critical Study of Awareness about Green Building Construction among Construction Practitioners in Pune

.........................................................................................................................................................................30

A Study on the Influence of ‘Big Room Meetings’ in Controlling the Productivity-Inhibiting Factors in

Construction Site .............................................................................................................................................31


Time and Cost Overrun of an Infrastructure Project – A Live Case Study on a Major Cable Stay Bridge at

Karimnagar ......................................................................................................................................................32

Critical Causes and Impacts of Construction Projects Delay Empirical Study in Bhubaneswar-India .............33

Sustainable Solution for Domestic Waste Water Treatment Using Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW)

Technique ........................................................................................................................................................34

Application of IoT at Different Stages of Construction and Adaptability for the Indian Market ....................35

Factors Affecting Selection of Residential Property in Ravet area of PCMC ...................................................36

A Case Study on Demand Forecasting for Real Estate Units in India: Integrated Housing .............................37

A Case Study on First Deep-Sea Port in India (Vadhavan) ...............................................................................38

Implementation of Industrial Land Redevelopment Scheme: A Comparative Case Study of Selected Projects

in Mumbai .......................................................................................................................................................39

ITC Green Centre: A Case study of a Green Building in India ..........................................................................40

Hybrid Sustainable Construction Practices: The Case of Sumbaran Project, Pune .........................................41

Sustainable Power Generation Using Flexible Photovoltaic Solar Panel Technology for Labor Camp Housing

at Construction Sites .......................................................................................................................................42

Issues Related with Financing of Public Private Partnership in Road and Highway Projects in India .............43

Cost and Time Overrun in Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project ...............................................................................44

Combined Precast Concrete Caisson and Cast-In-Situ Pile Structure for Slipway Tip Protection and

Extension .........................................................................................................................................................45

Selection of Flooring Material for Residential Building Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Method .........46

Time and Cost Delays: A Case Study on an Integrated Township Named 'SPR City' .......................................47

Affordable Housing in India: Problems, Challenges and Solutions .................................................................48

Managerial Effectiveness and Employee Productivity ....................................................................................49

Construction Equipment Cost Management ...................................................................................................50

A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Mumbai Pune Expressway .......................................................................51

Environmental Impact of Real Estate Development on Urban Fringe Areas: A Case of Tathawade,

Maharashtra ....................................................................................................................................................52

Performance Analysis of Infrastructure Companies........................................................................................53

Avoidance of Claims Through Construction Contracts ....................................................................................54

Green Retrofitting to Achieve Energy Efficiency: Case Study of an Institutional Building in Pune, India .......55

Urbanization and Environmental Challenges: Legal Perspective ....................................................................56

Relevance of Branding in Indian Construction Market – A Study with Reference to Small and Medium Scale

Construction Firms ..........................................................................................................................................57

Prediction Model for Cost Overrun in Infrastructure Project .........................................................................58

Retail vs Etail – Impact on Commercial Real Estate in Hyderabad ..................................................................59


Case Study on Demand Forecasting for Real Estate Units in India: Luxury Apartments .................................60

Impact of Covid-19 on Construction Industry: The Legal Perspective ............................................................61

Study of Charging Station Infrastructure Development and Challenges for Electric Mobility Vehicles .........62

Social Media Communication and Social Quotient of Working Individuals During Pandemic Covid 19.........63

A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Infrastructure Projects in India: Mumbai Airport Terminal 2: India’s First

and Most Advanced Vertical Passenger Terminal ...........................................................................................64

Implementation of Lean Tools and Technology in Construction Industry ......................................................65

A Case Study on Santacruz Chembur Link Road (SCLR) ...................................................................................66

Prediction of Performance Parameters Based on Conventional Properties of Binder ...................................67

An Empirical Study on Viability of Using Smart Contracts in Indian Built Environment .................................68

Construction Site Layout Utilization Planning Using BIM Approach ...............................................................69

COVID’19- Impact on Real Estate Sector in India: Pre and Post Pandemic Studies ........................................70

A Case Study on Cost Overruns in Kochi Metro Rail Project ...........................................................................71

Traditional Sustainable Construction Practices: The Case of Raigad Fort .......................................................72

Comparison Between Metro & BRTS Projects in India on Key Planning and Development Factors ..............73

A Case Study on Lucknow Metro: An Efficient Transportation .......................................................................74

Comparative Study of Traditional Contracts and Smart Contracts Implemented under Blockchain

Technology in Indian CRIP Sector ....................................................................................................................75

Optimisation of River Linking-A case study of Linking Ken and Betwa Rivers.................................................76

Financial Feasibility Analysis of Robotic Equipments on Selected Activities of High-Rise Construction ........77

Delay Analysis in Infrastructure Projects A Case Study of Delay Analysis on New Pune Airport ....................78

A Decision Tree Based Model for Predicting the Value of Homes in Boston Using the ‘R’ Tool .....................79

Study on Tendering Phase for Successful Completion of Construction Project ..............................................80

A Case Study on Cost Overruns in Madhya Pradesh Metro Rail Project .........................................................81

Assessing the Air Quality of Pune Using Unsupervised Classification Technique ...........................................82

Modified Bitumen: A Review ...........................................................................................................................83

Construction Waste Management : Sustainable Pervious Concrete Using Debris .........................................84

A Case Study on Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) .........................................85

Development Banks and Industrial Growth in India: A Revisit ........................................................................86

High Technologies for Techno-Savvy Construction Industry: A Review ..........................................................87

Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Infrastructure in Smart Cities Disaster Management ..........................88

Productive Supply Chain Management of Construction & Demolition Wastes ..............................................89

Performance of Construction by Lean Techniques in Project Management ..................................................90

A Study on Data to Decision - Transforming Indian Real Estate......................................................................91


A Study of the Relation of the Age of the Home-Buyer to the Type of the House Purchased by Them, in

Pune City ..........................................................................................................................................................93

Study and Analysis of Various Quality Management Tools in Construction Industry .....................................94

Enhancing Construction Safety for Indian Construction – A Review ..............................................................95

Business Strategies and Performance of Real Estate Companies during Recession Period in Bengaluru

Region ..............................................................................................................................................................96

Barriers in Synergistic Implementation of BIM, Lean and IPD ........................................................................97

Buffer Sizing in Critical Chain Project Management using Forecasting Methods ...........................................98

Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Construction Sector - A

Review .............................................................................................................................................................99

Green Initiative towards Ecosystem Restoration in Pile Foundation at Infra-Projects .................................100

Application of Business Intelligence Tools for Stakeholder Management System in Construction .............101

Study on Changing Dynamics of MSMEs in Construction Sector ..................................................................102

Selection of Innovative Alternatives using Value Engineering and TRIZ Technique in Highway Construction

.......................................................................................................................................................................103

Role of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration for Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCS-EOR) .........................104

Ken-Betwa River Link a Boon to India in Construction Sector ......................................................................105

Project Manager’s Competency Framework .................................................................................................106

An Overview on Sustainable Approach for Rural Road Construction in India ..............................................107

Utilization of Hexagonal Grid Technique to Find Out Best Suitable Locations for EV Charging Station

Installation in Aundh Baner Balewadi Neighborhood ...................................................................................108

Show, Don’t tell!’ –Popular Films as a Pedagogical Tool for Discussion on Individual Values in Construction

Management .................................................................................................................................................109

Financing Urban Transport Infrastructure Development: Conventional and Non-Conventional Instruments

.......................................................................................................................................................................110

Image Processing Technique for Non Destructive Testing of Pavements: A Case Study ..............................111

Prop-tech as a Catalyst for the Real Estate Market.......................................................................................112


Success Criteria for Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects: A Community Perspective

Shyni Anilkumar

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Calicut Email: [email protected]

Post disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) projects are complex and dynamic in nature due to

the uncertainties in their planning and development, affecting the effectiveness of the built

environment in the long term. A large number of PDHR projects developed globally are deemed

to be ineffective in re-establishing the socio-economic and cultural life of disaster affected

community. Literature reveal that various measures of project success identified hitherto for

disaster contexts remain ambiguously defined and there is no consensus on the set of success

criteria unique to PDHR projects. The aim of the study is to derive key criteria for measuring the

success of PDHR projects. The objectives of the study are 1) to identify the set of project success

criteria for housing reconstruction projects, measured both objectively and subjectively through

literature review, 2) to establish the most significant success factors measured from the perception

of the community relocated Post Tsunami 2004 in Kerala. Initially, the study consolidated the

available success criteria under to major domains of success measures, viz. project efficiency and

project effectiveness. A structured questionnaire survey using Likert scale was conducted to

assess whether the community have significantly similar perceptions toward the success criteria.

Then, the most significant criteria were established by analysing the perception data using

independent sample t-test. Additionally, the descriptive analysis of the criteria was conducted

using mean scores, skewness and kurtosis. The study identified speed, quality, acceptability,

livelihood sustainability and satisfaction as the major success criteria .Using this set of criteria,

the success or failure of a reconstructed housing can be assessed over the short, medium and long

term disaster recovery period. The novelty is that the study measured the subjective opinions and

personal judgment of the disaster-affected community on the success criteria, as the affected

community is the most significant stakeholder.

Key Words: Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects; Project


Mobility and Urbanism in Future for Sustainable Transport Infrastructure

Chetna Rathee1, Shubhajit Sadhukhan2

1Research Scholar, Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

2Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Email: [email protected]

The environmental, economic, and social footprint of urban transportation is enormous and

growing. Numerous global issues - fossil fuel dependence, global warming, poverty, and social

inequality – are intrinsically linked to the transportation sector. The transportation sector's

excessive environmental footprint can be attributed to cities' growing reliance on automobiles.

Rapid motorization will inevitably move future travel away from the most sustainable forms of

transport – public and non-motorized modes of transportation (walking and cycling) – and toward

private vehicles. A paradigm shift in our thinking about transportation and its relationship to the

city is required. The relevance of integrating transportation infrastructure and urban development

must be increased. Rapid urbanization, rising demand for freight services, and, in many countries,

COVID-19 response stimulus plans are pressuring stakeholders to accelerate infrastructure

development. The transport industry is the single largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions in the European Union, accounting for approximately 28% of total emissions. The

author in this study discusses how we can make infrastructure more sustainable, hence increasing

service levels and infrastructure longevity without sacrificing design and construction speed. The

study is based on literature shreds of evidence. It provides a comprehensive road map for

sustainable transportation infrastructure, considering the four elements of sustainability:

environmental, social, institutional, and economical. Sustainable infrastructure should be climate-

resilient, socially inclusive, technologically sophisticated, productive, and adaptable. Appropriate

organizational architecture, digital tools, performance indicators, and a collaborative approach

among all stakeholders are required to transform infrastructures successfully and sustainably.

Stakeholders must work together to implement sustainability principles and KPIs at all stages of

the project's lifecycle: planning, design, tendering, acquisition, construction, and operational

effectiveness.

Key Words: Greenhouse Gas; Urban Transportation; Infrastructure Development; Sustainable

Transportation Infrastructure


Challenges for Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Affordable Mass

Housing Projects Hindavi Tikate1, Avirag Bajpai 2

12Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Housing is one of the physiological needs of human being, and simultaneously, it is a big concern

for an individual to get it on time and at a reasonable price. In the Indian scenario, the need and

importance of sustainable mass housing development projects have been discussed for decades

but not efficiently implemented by the government. This implementation was not done due to the

ineffective utilization of construction resources and technological advancement. To address the

urban housing shortage, the Indian government has set a goal of constructing 115 lakh houses for

the economically weaker section by 2022. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an integrated

process to enhance coordination among all stakeholders and efficiently improve the utilization of

resources. Before putting BIM into practice in affordable housing projects, analyzing the

challenges for its implementation is required. In this paper, eleven critical challenges are

identified from the literature and inputs taken from field experts. The identified challenges are

ranked and further prioritized using MCDM (Multi-criteria decision-making) method. This work

is targeted to focus the construction professionals on implementing BIM in affordable mass

housing projects.

Key Words: Affordable Housing; Challenges; Information Modeling; Mass Construction; Multi-Criteria Decision-Making


Ranking of Smart Cities by Evaluating Quality of Life Using TOPSIS Method

Anand Prakash1, Sudhir Ambekar2, Dipayan Roy3, Amit Hiray4, Jeetu Soneji5

1Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Associate Professor and Head Research & Publications, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research, Pune 34Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 5Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The purpose of this paper is to review the important multi-facet features of smart cities for

ensuring quality of life which are predominant in the smart city projects and to rank these cities

based on identified aspects for quality of life. A literature survey of peer-reviewed journal articles

is used for finalizing featured items for quality of life in smart cities. Further, one of the various

multi-criteria decision-making methods named as “Technique for Order Preference by Similarity

to the Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS) has been used to rank the participating smart cities. The findings

derived from evaluation of the published peer-reviewed journal articles led to the identification of

fifteen different aspects for quality of life in smart cities in India. The TOPSIS method ranked the

participating smart cities. The limitation of this study is that a larger sample size for smart cities

and more aspects of quality of life can give more rigorous ranking. This study can be helpful to

many stakeholders to take a call on their informed decisions. Such stakeholders can be citizens,

potential new inhabitants, senior citizens, students, potential investors, etc. This study can be

helpful to city government, and state & central governments to develop their strategies based on

ranking of smart cities.

Key Words: MCDM; TOPSIS; Smart City; Quality of Life


C and D Waste Treatment and Policies in Australia, China, and India: A Comparative Study

Aamani Pidugu1, Umang Khandelwal2, Riddhi Rathi3, Rajat Murjani4, Srimukhi Potlapally5, Mayur Shirish Jain6

12345Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 6Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

Email: aamanipidugu1997@gmail com

Every year, 615 million tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C and D) waste is generated

around the globe. Illegal dumping is the most economical alternative. It makes the dumping of

construction and demolition debris along streets and rivers a common sight. Studies revealed that

the recycling rate varies from country to country. For instance, India has the lowest recycling rate,

and China recycles 5% of C&D waste. On the other hand, Australia recycles more than 60% of

the waste generated due to stringent policies and awareness. In general, treatments are based on

enacted policies related to carbon emissions reduction and decreased energy requirements. This

study provides detailed information on treatments and policies in developing, emerging, and

developed nations. The study findings indicate that even after five years of implementation of the

C&D waste management rules and spending crores, the condition of the Indian construction

industry has not improved. It reflects the need to modify our rules and implement some methods

used by developed nations. Based on the literature review and analysis, further recommendations

are discussed to improve the C&D waste management in India.

Key Words: C and D Waste; Policies; Treatment; Challenges; Cost Factor


Renewable Energy Generation in India for Future Energy Security Priyanka Bendigiri1, Prakash Rao2

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Dy. Director and Head, Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Pune


Traditional energy sources such as coal, gas, and oil are extremely beneficial to a country's

economy. However, their negative effects on the environment have compelled us to use these

resources only to a certain extent, consequently requiring shifting of our focus to renewable

energy resources. The use of renewable energy sources can alleviate social, environmental, and

economic issues. These resources are considered environmental friendly, emitting no or little

exhaust and no poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and

others are exhausted. Renewable energy has already become an alternate source of power

generation and will soon become a major source of power generation in the near future. Among

all the renewable energy sources, the production of wind energy is considered to have the lowest

water consumption, a weakest greenhouse gas emission and the most favourable social impacts. It

is considered one of the most durable renewable energy sources, followed by hydroelectricity,

photovoltaic, then geothermal energy. Since these resources are regarded as clean energy, they are

helpful in mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming. Appropriate choice of renewable

energy systems can boost allied industries by achieving local employment, job opportunities, job

creation, consumer choice, improved living standards,& income and community development. In

addition to the significant advantages of these resources, there are also some shortcomings, such

as variations in output due to seasonal changes. Output variation is a common phenomenon in

solar, wind and hydroelectric power plants. Special designs and considerations are required for

proper planning and implementation of renewable energy projects. This study displays impacts of

renewable energy resources and discuses availability and technical limitations for generating

electricity from renewable energy resources.

Key Words: Renewable Energy Resources; Social; Environmental; Economical; Hydropower; Photovoltaic; Geothermal


Comparative Assessment of Prevalent Cost Estimation Software Applications for Construction Projects – A

Review Debopam Roy1, Sagar Malsane2

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


An accurate cost estimate is critical to the success of any construction business. Errors and

omissions in cost estimate are major reasons of cost overrun in construction projects. On the other

hand conservative estimates with high contingencies can often lead to missed business

opportunities. Estimating manually is time-consuming and error prone and hence currently the

construction industry is witnessing a steady transition from manual methods of estimating to more

digitization and automation in cost estimation. Construction companies can opt for basic 2D CAD

and spreadsheet software, or use specific software applications developed for CRIP industry, or

decide to integrate their cost estimation system with the BIM model. A number of software

products are available in the market to enable this transition, with varying features, functions,

extent of automation, and cost. However, adopting these software needs significant investment in

terms of license fees, hardware support, and training of personnel. The large number of options

available often creates a dilemma for construction companies about which software to invest in.

The most frequently used software applications for cost estimation of construction projects have

been critically reviewed in this paper, and their features, functions, ease of use, and pricing have

been compared. A framework has been developed, to compare the software applications. This

framework shall be useful for construction companies, especially in the Small and Medium

Enterprise segment to take an informed decision about which cost estimation software would be

most suitable for their particular business requirements.

Key Words: Cost Estimation; Digitization and Automation; Software Applications for Construction; Comparative Assessment; BIM


Analytical Study of Productivity and Efficiency of Economic Gains in Reclamation of Construction Waste

Yash Lohana1, Sourabh Patil 2

1Student, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

2Contractor, Big Infrastructures, Karad Email: [email protected]

Construction Waste Management (CWM) involves the minimization of waste generation and the

reclamation of generated waste. The methods and techniques which deal with the reclamation of

generated waste are used to convert the waste into reusable or recyclable products. These must be

implemented efficiently to ensure that the investment for the same does not outweigh the outcome

in monetary terms. This paper deals with the study of waste management and the scope for its

implementation in construction projects to reclaim the waste and increase the savings from the

same. The scope of this study is limited to the major construction materials and the estimation of

the waste that could be reused or recycled for the projects in consideration. To manage the waste

efficiently and make the process productive, it is imperative to not only understand the methods to

manage the waste but also to understand the scale at which these should be implemented. Also, it

is imperative to compute the expected savings from the same. There needs to be a balance and

optimization of the scale, the cost, and the outcome for different methods of implementing the

processes involving CWM. These parameters are expressed in monetary terms to compute the

productivity of the same. The analysis of this productivity gives the range of its usability. It is

then used to obtain the savings for the project under consideration. The analysis is conducted on

multiple case studies to find a generalized range of expected savings from the implementation of

the above-mentioned processes. This helps to encourage the practices of CWM.

Key Words: Construction Waste Management (CWM); Waste Reclamation; Productivity Analysis; Reuse and Recycle; Economic Optimization


Implementation of BIM and Lean - An Experimental Study

Tejas Page 1, Shobha Ramalingam 2, Kailash Lohar 3, Ajinkya M. Ghogare 4 Shubham V. Vaidya5 Pranali D. Kale 6

13456Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Abstract The Real Estate industry in India has been experiencing huge improvements in its functioning.

The credits of these improvements majorly constitute proactive decisions taken by the Indian

Government since 2016. Later, the year 2020 gave it a huge blow by putting it to a halt. With

residential properties remaining unsold and new projects coming up, it is a challenge to sustain

businesses. In this study, a project from Undri, Pune, ‘El Regalo’, is taken into consideration to

implement the principles and techniques of BIM and Lean. The building under observation

consisted of 10 storeys, of which only 6 were considered as a part of the study, given that only 6

have been constructed till date. A 3D model of the building under observation was made in Revit

and was scheduled in Microsoft Project. Three hypothetical scenarios have been created viz.

optimistic, most likely and pessimistic scenarios, based on data (time required to complete an

activity, reasons and time of resolving delays) obtained through site officials via multiple

interpersonal interviews. These scenarios pertain to delays in activities on site, from the beginning

of the project. Three scenarios with three different total costs and duration were obtained which

helped us in recognizing the major activities on site that contributed the most to the construction

cost. To reduce the cost of the project and address the delays involved, the top four (in terms of

cost incurred) activities were studied. The tasks involved in the completion of these activities

were observed in all slab cycles. The Non - Value Adding activities were further divided into

purely non-value adding (MUDA 1) and, although non-value adding but necessary (MUDA 2).

The costs that could be eliminated via SOPs and alternative methods of operations were then

stated, thus bringing down the cost of construction.

Key Words: Building Information Modelling (BIM); Lean; Real Estate; MUDA


Water-Efficient Technologies to Reduce Water Consumption in the Indian Buildings

Adithya P1, Anuja Jagdale2, Meera Benny3, Midhuna N4, Niranjana Manoj5, Mayur Shirish Jain6



Water is one of the most critical resources globally, covering 71% of the earth's surface, out of

which only 2.5% is potable water. According to directives of United Nations Environment

Programme 2021, the 2030 Water Resource Group has found that the world would confront a

40% water deficit globally within nine years. Due to population explosion, changing lifestyle,

and increasing demand for water in various industries, many parts of the world face water

scarcity, thus making it indispensable to adopt water-efficient techniques in buildings. Like many

green rating systems, India’s GRIHA also considers water efficiency an essential criterion to

promote sustainability and indicates that the adoption of water-efficient techniques can reduce

water usage up to 40% to 80% compared to typical buildings. This reduction of water usage is

based on the level of measures adopted throughout the life cycle of the building. With the rising

concern of water scarcity, the governments of various states in India have made it mandatory for

buildings to have a rainwater harvesting system. The study analyses conventional and innovative

water-efficient measures like rainwater harvesting, recycling grey water, cooling towers, low flow

fixtures, and smart sensors that can be implemented in the buildings in India. It is

concluded that in India, feasibility in adoption of these smart techniques will take time, money,

and need awareness. Further study is required to learn more about the implementation of these

techniques in India.

Key Words: Water Conservation; Water Efficiency; Green Buildings; Rain Water Harvesting; Efficient Fixtures


Perception of Indian Construction Industry on Implementation of Goods and Services Tax

Rahul Kamal Mittal1, Kolla Ramarjun2, Afroz Vakil3, Shashank Shekhar4, Vandana Bhavsar5

1L & T Hydrocarbon Engineering 2Shapoorji Pallonji and Company Private Limited (Engineering and Construction)

3Markets and Markets Research Pvt. LTD 4PIDILITE Industries

5Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) has extensively transformed the tax rates in all the

sectors of Indian economy. This was a major fiscal reform after the independence period. Prior to

the implementing of GST, a diverse tax structure existed, levied by the centre and states under

different tax laws. Overall, for construction sector, implementation of GST appears to be

advantageous because of its uniformity and efficiency. However, there are quite a few key issues

concerning the influence of GST on construction sector like decentralised GST registration,

removal of taxability of work contract services, higher cost of power generation projects,

taxability on bonuses, liquidity damages, cancellation charges, late fees etc. This study focuses on

the perception of Indian construction companies on enforcement and impact of GST on them.

Statistical analysis is used to compute the effect of GST implementation with the help of data

collected through the questionnaire survey. Factor analysis is used to decide on major factors

which impacted the companies after the implementation of GST. Regression analysis is used to

validate the factors which are result of factor analysis. Final reviews and some recommendations

related to GST implementation were also discussed in the study.

Key Words: Tax; Goods and Services Tax (GST); Construction Industry; Factor Analysis; Regression Analysis


Bio Gasification as a Viable Alternative for Moving Towards Sustainable Development - A Trial Study

Using Kitchen Waste Sudarsan J S1, Vignesh A2, Udaya S3, V. Sri Hari4

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

23Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 4Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


Due to increase in population and India is being one of the developing countries in the world,

demand of consumption of energy increases rapidly. Several problems like global warming,

greenhouse effect and climate change occurs due to rapid consumption of non-renewable energy

resources. To get the better of the energy crises and to attain sustainability in energy consumption,

a trial study was conducted. To identify the efficiency of the concept, a trial study was executed

using kitchen waste from an educational institution mess with average student strength of 6500. A

prototype of 3m3 anaerobic digester model is developed. Biogas plant was set up in the institution

and biogas is generated from the mixed kitchen waste generated in hostel mess. The institution

where we conducted the study consists of 4 messes. The study was conducted only in one mess.

Anaerobic digester is fabricated and made readily available for kitchen waste to decompose for

faster production of biogas. It is estimated and found that the average waste generated per person

is 250g. Therefore, nearly 700kg to 1400kg of biogas can be generated. Firstly, the kitchen waste

and cow manure is mixed in the ratio 2:1 and filled two-third of the digester. It took nearly 30days

for the gas to produce. The gas is collected in an airtight bag like container and further it is being

used for cooking in mess and the slurry used as a manure in farming. This will be a best

alternative of moving towards sustainability.

Key Words: Efficiency of Kitchen Waste; Anaerobic Digester; Biogas Slurry; Waste Generated; Sustainability


Study on the Geopolymer Soil-Based Mortar-Sustainable Alternative to Cement Mortar

Shashank B. S.

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Production of every ton of Portland cement needs about one and a half tons of raw materials, at

the same time about a ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere during the production of one ton

of cement which is not good for a healthy environment. In this regard, several studies have been

made to develop and use alternative binders to Portland cement which are sustainable. One such

alternative is Geopolymer, which is a better alternative to cement, possesses the advantages of

early strength gain, reduction in the use of water (no curing with water), decent mechanical and

durability characteristics. In this study, an effort has been made to utilize the concept of

Geopolymer in the preparation of soil-based Geopolymer mortar with soil (Fine Aggregate) as a

primary ingredient and with various replacements of Flyash and GGBS with alkaline molarity 4

and with different curing methods. The results of the study show that sun-dried samples have

yielded better strength compared to oven-dried samples and also by replacement of fly ash with

GGBS up to 30% have yielded up to 63% increase in strength for sun-dried samples.

Key Words: Geopolymer Mortar; Red soil; GGBS; Fly Ash; Compressive Strength


A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Bandra-Worli Sea Link

Ayushi Shah1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL) (Also called Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link) is a famous eight lane cable

stayed bridge admiring the arc of Mumbai’s coastline. This project was assigned under

the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) and the Hindustan Construction

Company was the contractor. This project was started in 2000 but it got delayed by 5 years. The

first four lanes of the bridge were opened on 30th June, 2009. All lanes were opened on 24th

March, 2010 and the total cost of the project was 1634 crores. The main aim of this paper is to

understand this construction project in a better way and to find out most significant factors

causing delays in Indian Infrastructure projects through case study of BWSL. It involves all the

necessary information of Planning and Structure of the project. The benefits of this project like,

considerable savings in travel time, reduction in accidents and traffic on existing roads are also

mentioned. The challenges faced during the construction like, opposition from fisherman

community who resided nearby, construction challenges, technology challenges, location

challenges, engineering challenges and the causes of delays like poor project management,

changes in design, stoppage of work etc. are discussed in this paper.

Key Words: Delay; Project Management; Challenges; Bandra-Worli


Gender Role Bias in the Indian Construction Sector Soumi Rai

Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

The construction sector in India has predominantly been dominated by the male workforce as in

line with other technology driven or manufacturing sectors wherein women are expected to take

on office-oriented jobs like planning or co-ordination rather than on-site work-roles that require

interaction with a largely male workforce. Huge number of women work in construction sector

but the numbers are confined primarily to blue collar jobs. The number is very less when it comes

to white collar jobs or senior level executives. Study by Goel (2007) indicates that about 3%–5%

of the construction industry engineering workforce, i.e. about 31,500 to 52,500 female engineers,

are estimated to be employed in the Indian construction industry; with most concentration of

women in specialist positions (that includes both personnel department and public relations

department), in lieu of increased employability in mainstream management. This indicates the

huge gender disparity across job roles existing in the sector, thereby marginalizing women in the

construction workforce making them both a minority as well as a vulnerable population. Research

indicates that the construction industry does not pay heed to the dual concerns of women

employees, linked to their ongoing commitments towards their job and associated family lives.

Senior women managers who are forced to put in long hours of work towards active management

participant face incompatibility in balancing their work responsibilities with domestic

responsibilities and allied expectations. Additionally, at times, duration, time and the location of

the management meetings sometimes create an added role stress for such working women in the

sector. Balancing both their careers and the family lives in tandem with their career growth turns

out to be a major barrier towards their career advancement which is further compounded due to

maternity breaks hampering their growth in a competitive industry scenario.

Key Words: Bias; Construction; Gender; India; Women


Review of Sustainable Construction Methodology for Slum Rehabilitation in India

Sudarshan D Kore1, R Vishal Kumar2, Ajay Kumar Singh3, Shradha Menon4, B Pavalapriyan5


2345Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

The world is at an accelerated pace of urbanization. India, much like other developing nations has

been on this bandwagon where the urban population is set to grow by more than 70%. This will

increase the existing population to 814 million by 2050. With the rapid urbanization comes the

added pressure of utilization of land for transportation development, construction of healthcare

facilities, commercial and residential spaces to accommodate population augmentation. Currently,

the growing population, especially the urban poor residing in several Indian cities, faces the

challenge of housing. There are several schemes formulated by the Indian government that help to

develop livable spaces for this section of society. The problem, however, lies with the fact that

they tend to focus more on improving housing conditions and fail to consider other socio-

economic and ecological aspects that are attached to the development of such spaces. The existing

conventional construction methods and techniques are neither sustainable nor eco-friendly. There

seems to be a massive scarcity in the availability of housing that is affordable and sustainable at

the same time. Such spaces remain a distant dream for a large segment of the urban poor. Hence,

the need of the hour is to plan and execute slum rehabilitation which would not only enhance the

quality of life of the individuals but would also have a significant impact on the environment.

This paper attempts to bridge this gap and help to optimize land usage in metropolitan cities and

rehabilitate slums by providing sustainable and cost-effective homes. This is done by the means

of utilizing sustainable development practices and taking advantage of innovative construction

methods and techniques. The usages of waste materials as an alternative for the construction are

highlighted in this paper along with prototype model to explain.

Key Words: Urbanization; Sustainable Design; Slum Rehabilitation; Urban Poor; Social Infrastructure


Planning for the Indian Steel Cities: Spatial and Administrative Framework

Parikhit Biswas

Research Scholar, Jadavpur University, Kolkata Email: [email protected]

Initiated with 2nd fifth year plan, Indian Steel Cities have experienced a rapid development at

starting. After 2000s, it started to experience a steady declination due to various national and

international socio economic and market related issues. Thus, to tackle it a revitalization project

needs to be implemented. A revitalization project, by virtue of its nature consists of two aspects

i.e. planning and project management. As the revitalization project includes huge resources and is

dynamic in nature, it needs a proper structured management plan for effective utilization. The

study has tried to establish a planning and administrative framework which is useful to properly

implement and monitor the revitalization project. Involvement of Project Management Body of

Knowledge (PMBOK), phasing of project are included in methodology. Empirical relation

between resources and project phase completion status imparts the way of future monitoring.

Stakeholder’s involvements through expert’s opinion and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have

used to model the framework. Study shows that Planning and designing to the development

project is having the largest contribution. Also, Land development proves itself to be the key

element from where most critical issues have the chance to evolve during the project. Phasing

also provides a guideline showing the interdependency of the stages which can further be used for

better outcome and to tackle dynamic nature of the project. Study provides the iterative path of

future analysis based on expert’s perception and administrative input.

Key Words: Revitalization; Steel City; Framework; Planning; Development


Evaluation of Green Rating System using Net Positive Lenses

Nikhil Singh Solanki1, Harshita Pandhare2, Arun Chandramohan3

12Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa 3Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa


India's green buildings are rated by Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) and

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) by The Energy Research Institute

(TERI). These are indigenous green building rating system widely adopted across India. The

sustainability level achieved by the green-rated buildings is minimal due to the project's planning,

design, and construction constraints. This study examines the sustainability of various criteria laid

down in the GRIHA 2019 Abridged version using the Net-Positive lenses. The criteria evaluate

the project with the criteria of Passivhaus as the baseline. Based on the study, it is found that

various criteria specified in GRIHA need to be made mandatory to achieve a sustainability rating.

However, the Net-Positive scenario for the projects can be partially achieved with the existing

criteria in GRIHA. From the case study it was found that the building complex had used water-

efficient fixtures that reduced the water consumption by 60.5% from the benchmark provided by

GRIHA standards. With the proper strategic planning in landscaping and gardening, the water

demand was reduced by 62.5%. More than 25% of the living area of the building is day-lit based

on the norm provided by National Building Code (NBC) 2005. The building was integrated with a

high-performance system to increase thermal comfort, resulting in an Energy Performance Index

(EPI) reduction of 52.13% in GRIHA benchmarks. These indicate the major features that the

building targets to achieve for Net-Positve rating by proper implementation of GRIHA rating

system. This study highlight that PassivHaus and green bling is being addressed by

the GRIHA rating system while walk score and site history are less significant.

Key Words: PassivHaus; Net-positive; Green; Sustainability


Quality Management Practices in Construction Industry: A Systematic Literature Review

Sonali Bondre1, Preshit Godhe2, Kanika Agarwal3, Shruti Patil4, Shyamal Deshmukh5, Avinash Bagul6



One of the prime functions of construction industry is to ensure that construction projects are

successfully completed within stated time horizon, offering best quality and completed using

minimum utilization of resources. Quality of the projects can be ensured by following Quality

Management System (QMS) consisting of quality planning, quality control, and quality

assurance. This research paper encompasses a detailed review of literature on construction quality

management tools and techniques that facilitates delivery of quality products to the end customer.

In order to understand the different tools and techniques used in implementing quality programs

in construction projects, a literature review is conducted using general, engineering, and business

literature databases. The scope of the literature review, in this study, is confined to the time period

2010-2021. Around 300 research paper published in this time period are studied in the context of

Construction Quality Management (CQM) and also gaps in the literature are identified to explore

ways for future research. The major techniques used in CQM include six sigma and lean

construction.

Key Words: Construction Project Management; Construction Quality Management; Lean Construction; Quality Assurance, Quality Management, Six Sigma


Essence of Work Life Balance on the Perspective of COVID 19: Indicator of Human Development

Partha Naskar

Joint Director (Accounts), Netaji Subhas Administrative Training Institute, Personnel & Administrative Reforms Department, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India.


Organisational climate is one of the prominent indicators that affect organizational goals of

present-day business houses. In today’s business uncertain environment, both in organisations and

in-home front, the challenge of maintaining work life balance is a call of the hour both on

employee-employer consciousness. Employees are the real asset of the organization and the key

enabler for organisational excellence. With a brief introduction on the concept of the origin of

work life balance the paper moves on through a detailed literature survey outlining effectiveness

of e-leadership and e-training, integration between ethical perspective, psychological constituents,

prospects of multilevel sources to the context of creating ideal work life balance situations in the

organizational domain. The findings of the study reveal the core areas of imbalances of work life

balances, the real state of affairs of work life balance and the thrust areas of work life balance.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of work life balance on human development

and to reveal the identifiable areas of stress and concern pertaining to work life imbalance

situation. The paper concludes with a discussion on the relevance of work life balance to pave the

road way for real equilibrium between qualitative life and quantitative living ensuring

satisfaction, happiness and wellbeing for work force of today’s millennium.

Key Words: Worklife; Human; Balance; Organisation


Use of Primavera for Risk Management of a Residential Building Project at Amravati City

Shahnawaz Ajaz Khan1, Dr. Pravinchandra Gaikwad2

1Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai University, Mumbai 2Associate Professor, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai University, Mumbai


The Indian real estate holds immense significance in the Indian economy with the sector being the

third largest employer after the agriculture and manufacturing unit. The building construction

industry is considered as one of the most important assets of the country, which provide shelter

and working space to the common man. In this industry, managing the risk at the right time is

essential as it helps to achieve the project objectives in terms of time, cost of construction, quality

of construction and also environmental sustainability. In the present work, residential building

projects from Amravati city are considered for study of risk management. A Questionnaire survey

was carried out in order to collect the data from project managers, site engineers, supervisors,

clients and other persons involved in residential construction projects. In this planned duration,

actual duration and reasons of delay in construction work were also identified. The objective of

this work is to find out the different types of risk on a residential building and categorized the

identified risk to low, medium and high risk by using the primavera risk analysis software.

Different risks such as time risk, financial risk, construction risk, safety risk and environmental

risk are identified. It was also identified that Covid-19 is one of the reason for the increase in cost

of construction material. In this study it is found that risk management must be given significant

attention in order to ensure successful and timely completion of the project to meets the project

scope and objectives.

Key Words: Construction; Risk Management; Primavera Risk Analysis Software; Covid-19


Sustainability Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) Infrastructure Projects: An

Introspection Anuja Joy1, Shyni Anilkumar2

1Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kozhikode 2Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Calicut

Email: [email protected] Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure intent to ensure a healthy community

through the provision of safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities, which together

enhance better hygiene practices. The planning and development of WaSH systems and services

must be sustainable to be fully functional for a longer period, with consequent positive impact on

the life and environment of the inhabitants. It is equally imperative to set in appropriate measures

to ensure their sustainable performance during the full project cycle. Numerous sustainability

assessment tools have been developed, intended to evaluate the efficiency and resilience of

potential WaSH interventions. The study aims to critically analyse the adaptability of available

sustainability assessment tools towards evaluating the performance of WaSH infrastructure

through the entire project management cycle. The objectives of the study are 1) to review

assessment tools developed by various national and international agencies for WaSH

infrastructure projects and 2) to analyse the suitability of these tools to assess the effectiveness of

WaSH projects from the project planning to monitoring and evaluation. The study discussed 16

sustainability assessment tools and analysed their strength, potentials and weakness in assessing

WaSH project cycle. Components of these tools are further consolidated and categorised under

the components of project management cycle. The qualitative analysis of the tools revealed that

each tool targets to assess different aspects of project management process in isolation such as

funding, planning and policy-making, implementation, monitoring and so on. A tool for assessing

the performance of WaSH project holistically by considering the whole set of project activities is

lacking in the current context. The study indicated the need to develop a comprehensive tool for

assessing the long-term performance of the WaSH facilities considering all stages of project

management.

Key Words: Sustainability; Wash Infrastructure; Assessment Tools; Project Management; Project Performance


Development of A Multi-Year Pavement Prioritization Model for Low Volume Roads

Vishnu R1, Sruthy Mariam Saju2, Ashwin Kumar3, Abin Jose Abraham4

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 234Civil Engineer, National Institute of Technology, Warangal


This study aims to develop a multi-year pavement maintenance model for a network of fifteen

Low Volume Roads in the state of Telangana, India. With the help of the Priority Ranking Model,

the functional condition of the pavements in terms of five of its functional attributes, namely

Rutting, Unevenness, Cracking, Potholes and Ravelling is quantified using the Priority Index (PI).

Usually, when determining which pavements in a network should be rehabilitated first, it happens

to be the pavements in the worst condition, i.e., with the highest Priority Index (PI). However, due

to limitations in the budget allotted for maintenance and repair of low volume roads, this is not

always economically feasible. If pavements are prioritised such that more pavements can be

brought to a good condition index at a lower budget viz, the requirement of a treatment at a low

cost, authorities can ensure that these roads will not require a costly and more dramatic treatment

at a later point of time. Since it is imperative to evaluate the post-treatment conditions of the

pavement, the structural condition of the pavement in terms of its characteristic deflection values

are considered. Using deflection prediction models, the performance of the pavement after the

treatment applied is determined, which gives its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. By

evaluating the same for a period of five years, we get a multi-year pavement treatment schedule

with the most optimum time to repair the various pavement sections under consideration. The

Network Health Index that has been developed shows the influence of the treated sections on the

health of the overall pavement network.

Key Words: Low Volume Roads; Pavement Prioritization Model; Priority Index (PI); Post Treatment Condition; Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness; Network Health Index (NHI)


Development of Green Rating System for Sustainable Highways

Akshaykumar Mallinath Swami1, Hansa Jeswani2

1Research Scholar, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai University, Mumbai 2Associate Professor, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai University, Mumbai


Sustainability has been topic of debate in the construction industry in recent years. Though

various standards and system have previously been developed in India to help improving

sustainability of building, township, interior projects, but those seemed to be missed in highway

projects. This Report describes Sustainability as a relation between a project and the social,

environmental, aspects of it. The main aim of this research report is to develop a rating system

from which, we can easily rate a highway construction in terms of sustainability achieved. This

report will help all the stakeholder related to highway construction like engineers, planner,

designer to develop sustainable design and construction of highway. A review of similar studies

was covered up and most suitable factors and subfactors was considered which are Site selection

& planning, Sustainable method, Water conservation, Energy conservation, and Environmental

conservation. With the help of these factors, a green rating system was designed and developed.

The above developed green rating system consisting factors and subfactors has a weightage

according to its contribution for green practice and importance in highway construction. These

factors and subfactors were sent to the IGBC credited professionals for weightage (points)

purpose. The points received from each professional was noted, averaged and then applied to each

subfactor. Also the suggestion of adding Environmental Health & Safety factor by the

professionals was considered and added to developed green rating system. The proposed

certification level consists of different level like platinum, gold, silver, and certified according to

the credit points achieved after application of green rating system. The Developed green rating

system has complete 100 points which are 18 (Max. Points) for Site selection and planning(SP),

12(Max. Point) for Sustainable method(SM), 14(Max. Point) for Water conservation(WC),

15(Max Point) for Energy conservation(EC), 16(Max Point) for Sustainable material & Material

Conservation(MC), 13(Max. points) for Environmental Health & Safety(EHS). These Points was

then applied to the Expressway which connects Nagpur to Mumbai to know the achieved

performance of sustainability in its construction.

Key Words: Green Rating System; Sustainability; Factors and Subfactors; Highway


Challenges in Implementing Green Retrofitting in Pre-Existing Residential Buildings: A Review

Padma Priyadarshini Parija

Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Climate emergency is a threat to humankind and future development. Construction sector

contributes to 39% of worldwide carbon emissions; with 28% coming from energy usage, and

11% from embodied carbon. One can suggest to opt for green building concepts, to tackle this

crisis, but it is imperative to acknowledge that green buildings represent the next generation of

structures, and the recent growth of sustainable ones are insufficient to offset the negative impact

of current structures. Pre-existing buildings pose a threat due to the amount of energy they

consume. Additionally, about 80% of greenhouse gas emissions are related to energy. Due to the

quantum of resources and money required, tearing down existing infrastructures and establishing

new state-of-the-art facilities with cutting-edge products and technology is not an option. Hence,

the logical solution involves green retrofitting (GRF) which shall help improve current facilities'

efficiency and environmental impact. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive review of the

existing body of knowledge on GRF for future study. This paper views current barriers and

policies related to GRF, to corroborate the need to identify CSFs (Critical Success Factors) for

proper implementation of the same. A questionnaire was floated across the country to re-imagine

the GRF cognition and GRF intention of people, and to know if and how the factors are related.

According to the findings, most people place a high value on the cost of green retrofitting, the

increase in home value, and the future running costs. It can be inferred from the study that policy

level changes and a more adaptive eco-friendly solutions market might boost significant shifts in

choices; however, GRF intention and GRF cognition might not be interrelated as expected.

Key Words: Retrofitting; Green Retrofit; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Energy Consumption; Environment


A Critical Study of Awareness about Green Building Construction among Construction Practitioners in Pune

Babalu L Rajput1, Anil L Agarwal2, Amol D Pawar3

1Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Senior Professor and Dean PGP, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

3Senior Associate Professor and Head-ACM (Junior Batch), National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

The construction industry activities create an adverse impact on the environment. The increasing

concern about environment has necessitated the need of green buildings. Green buildings can

protect environment and provide other benefits to different stakeholders. This paper reports the

results of the study which was aimed to investigate awareness about green building construction

among the construction practitioners in Pune. The data required for analysis was collected by

using questionnaire. Literature review was used as a basis to develop the questionnaire.

Convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. A total of 100 questionnaires were

distributed to the sample population out of which 64 questionnaires were collected and 54 were

used for data analysis. The main findings of the research are: The level of knowledge and

awareness of green buildings varies among construction engineers in Pune; green building

meaning varies among different respondents; reasonable knowledge exists about different green

materials/methods/technology; limited availability of resources such as manpower, materials, and

trainers for green building construction. The results of this survey will help educational and

training institutes to develop appropriate academic curriculum related to green building

construction.

Key Words: Construction; Green Building; Awareness


A Study on the Influence of ‘Big Room Meetings’ in Controlling the Productivity-Inhibiting Factors in

Construction Site

Anuja J S1, Suhas G2, Priyanka Singh3, Pranjal Shrivastava4, Gautham Hari5, Murali Jagannathan6



The lifecycle of a construction project is plagued with many risks and uncertainties that ultimately

lead to cost and time overruns. Among many kinds of such risks that contribute to overruns, day-

to-day site issues are a critical set of delay-causing factors inherent in almost every project's

construction phase. From material delivery delays to site readiness, site engineers face challenges

that prevent them from achieving their targets. Extant research points out that the root cause of

these issues is lack of communication and missing coordination amongst the various stakeholders

in a project site. Lean construction techniques that foster collaboration are a ray of hope to

improve site management. There are several lean tools and techniques available to improve the

site productivity and the concept of ‘big room meeting’ is at its core. In this research, the ‘big

room meeting’ concept is broken down into its constituent features, and their influence on easing

the day-to-day site management is explored in the Indian context. With the help of questionnaire

survey, the impact of various features of the ‘big room meeting’ concept on resolving site issues

will be evaluated from the perspectives of clients, contractors, and consultants and ranked in the

order of their importance. The outcome of this research can help industry stakeholders realize the

benefits of implementing lean practices and support them to embrace lean confidently.

Key Words: Lean; Big Room; Site; Construction; Conflict


Time and Cost Overrun of an Infrastructure Project – A Live Case Study on a Major Cable Stay Bridge at

Karimnagar

R. Sathish Kumar

Professor and Head ACM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

The introduction of Cable Stay Bridges dates back to 1950’s and it was a major breakthrough in

the future of bridges. They are the type of bridges having one or more central pylon (or raised

towers), from which cables support the bridge deck. The key advantages of adopting this kind of

bridges are that it can have longer spans that can permit unrestricted marine navigation. Also,

these type of bridges are seen aesthetically attractive, economic and easier to construct. From the

design phase and up to the construction phase, it includes a set of complex interlinked

technological& financial aspects. A proper management is pivotal for the successful completion.

In order to understand the complex behaviour of the construction of a cable stay bridge, a live

case study was carried out on a cable stay bridge project which catered the aspects such as

technology & construction management. The case study selected was a major cable stay bridge

project at Karimnagar, Telangana State. The key focus of the study was to analyse how

technology can influence the management & fiscal aspects of an infrastructure project.

Key Words: Cable Stay Bridge; Construction Management


Critical Causes and Impacts of Construction Projects Delay Empirical Study in Bhubaneswar-India

Abdullah M Tawfek1, Abdulrahman Nasr2, Abdulmalek Nasser Alhajj3, D K Bera4 1Researcher, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 23Researcher, Shandong University, China 4Professor, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar


Delay in construction projects is the most recurring issue in construction projects worldwide. It

can be defined as either exceeds the date specified in the contract or the date decided by the

parties to deliver the project. This study aims to identify the critical causes and impacts of the

construction project delay. A questionnaire was designed as the research instrument. The

researcher targeted only the critical adequate executive personnel of the construction projects:

project manager, consultant engineer, and contractor. The questionnaire is constructed into two

parts; the first part targeted the causes of delay, and the second part investigating the effects of

delay. Cronbach Alpha was used to measure the reliability of the survey. Then, the Likert scale

was employed to get accurate respondent's opinions. The Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences (SPSS) software was employed and analyzed the data obtained from the questionnaire

using the Relative Importance Index test (RII), Frequency and Severity Index test (FI and SI), and

the Importance Index test (IMP.I) for ranking the causes of delay and their effect on construction

projects in Bhubaneswar-India. The results showed that some causes of construction project delay

were more effective than others. In addition, it revealed that the causes of delay related to the

contractor contributed largely to the construction project delays in (Bhubaneswar, India), where

the contractor formed 40% of the top ten causes of delay, followed by the consultant engineer

20%, followed by the owner, materials, project and external factors 10% each. Meanwhile, the top

effects of construction project delay were time overrun, cost overrun, and dispute, respectively.

Key Words: Types of Delay; Causes of Delay; Effects of Delay; Importance Index; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).


Sustainable Solution for Domestic Waste Water Treatment Using Integrated Constructed Wetland

(ICW) Technique Sudarsan J S1, Priyanka Kale 2, Geethika Eragani3, Keerthana Sanapala4



With rapid economic growth, urbanisation and rising per capita water usage have resulted the

huge demand of fresh water in India. According to Central pollution control board, April 2021,

total 72,368 (million litres per day) MLD sewage are generated in India. Out of which only

36,668 MLD is being treated. The allowance of untreated sewage effluent in water sources both

surface and subsurface lead to sever damage to environment and these are the foremost important

water polluting source in developing country like India. The effective solution for waste water

treatment is Integrated Constructed wetland. Several benefits of constructed wetland are carbon

sequestration and negligible methane release which indirectly results in good air quality of that

region. Furthermore, improved Climate resiliency as it provides water reusability and also helps

in reduce heat i-land effects. Integrated constructed wetland provides lifecycle cost saving and

helps in flood control. Also, several health benefits for residents and improvement of habitat.

Based on several trials it is evident that the treatment efficiency of around 70-80% was achieved

with sustainable way. ICW are proved to be very beneficial for rural as well as urban area as

water can be reuse in irrigation, gardening, washing vehicles, and other purposes in domestic

area. To take up this initiation further urban sector a case study was carried out by analysing the

cost comparison with respect to conventional STP and modified STP (STP combined with CW)

based on cost comparison analysis it was inferred that modified STP helps in achieving

sustainability and also it saves in 20-30% of recurring expenditure cost as this modified STP does

not involve any external power source or any external chemicals and it is purely functional based

on unit operation concept. Based on research study it is clear that ICW is very effective by cost

and energy saving with respect to Organic (domestic) waste water treatment. It helps in achieving

the sustainability/Green rating and adopting the 3 stars (waste water management) and also it

helps in achieving the concept of 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse).

Key Words: Integrated Constructed Wetland; Waste Water Treatment; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Sustainability


Application of IoT at Different Stages of Construction and Adaptability for the Indian Market

Shiva Subramanian. L1, Nikita Jadhav2, Lakshan Raajkumaar3, Shivam Goyal4


The purpose of this paper is to study the application of IoT at different phases of construction i.e.,

Planning, Execution and Maintenance with its cost analysis and benefits in comparison to

traditional methods. India is rapidly progressing and implementing innovative technologies in

various industries, yet still in the construction industry modern methods and techniques are yet to

be executed in various businesses. This is mainly due to lack of awareness on the beneficial

factors and impact these advanced processes are bringing forward. In addition to the above, zero

standardization of rates on different techniques makes it a tedious process to make it adaptable to

the market. The above issues can be tackled by implementing Internet of Things at various stages

of construction, this also helps to bring the best with limited resources. Through this analysis the

feasibility of adapting to IOT, even in small scale construction could be driven in a standardised

method. Smart culture is being adapted in this entire process and this research finalises to what

level the smart culture can be taken into consideration for various economic backgrounds of India

and its practices.

Key Words: Internet of Things (IoT); Smart Culture; Phases of Construction; Innovative Technologies; Feasibility of IoT; Market Adaption


Factors Affecting Selection of Residential Property in Ravet area of PCMC

Amol D Pawar1, Babalu L Rajput2, Anil L Agarwal3

1Senior Associate Professor and Head-ACM (Junior Batch), National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 3Senior Professor and Dean PGP, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting selection of residential property in Ravet

area of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC). Ravet is a developing area at the

crossing between Mumbai-Pune and Katraj-Dehu Bypass Road, situated in the North-western

outskirts of the town of Pune (NH-48).The area is part of Pimpri-Chinchwad and is influenced by

the Pune Metropolitan Region. It is known as the Gateway to Pune because it is surrounded by

Vikas Nagar, Nigdi, Akurdi, and the Pawana River. Ravet has a good mix of completed and

under-construction multi-story apartment projects. A structured questionnaire based approach is

adopted to explore the factors affecting selection of residential property in Ravet area. Based on

the data compiled from the respondents, Relative Importance Index (RII) will be used to rank the

factors among different parameters selected for the study.

Key Words: Customers; Factors; Finance Property; Ravet


A Case Study on Demand Forecasting for Real Estate Units in India: Integrated Housing

Nikita Misal1, Jonardan Koner2

1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

An Integrated Township is a self-sustaining township that provides all of the amenities and

facilities that a fully equipped Township needs (residential, commercial, recreational, public, and

so on). "Housing schemes in public-private cooperation to provide affordable housing to diverse

parts of society in urban regions of the State" is how Integrated Townships are defined. An

integrated township is a self-sustaining township that is mostly begun by private developers to

provide in advance the amenities and services (residential, economic, recreational, public, etc.)

that a fully groomed municipality requires. FDI in the same sector has created the path for foreign

corporations to enter the local real estate market, making competition fierce and highly

competitive. For many metropolitan cities today, which are in a state of chaos due to a variety of

issues, including population growth, movement of people from rural to urban regions, rising

housing demand, and other issues, integrated township development is the way to go. The study's

goal is to look into the creation of an integrated township and weigh the benefits and drawbacks.

Further, delve into urbanization's factors and their impact on housing conditions and bring light

on the broad view of the real estate scenario as it exists in India. Discuss some of the challenges

that affect the entire business scenario as well as the real estate market. In the contemporary real

estate scenario, an integrated township cannot be regarded in isolation and discuss the laws and

regulations and the need for an integrated township. Support with the help of case studies, and

provide an overview of the research's scope as well as its ramifications for urban conglomeration.

Finally, conclude with some guidelines for the establishment of integrated townships based on the

analysis and evaluation of the case studies.

Key Words: Integrated Housing; Demand Forecasting; Real Estate; Self-Sustaining; Township


A Case Study on First Deep-Sea Port in India (Vadhavan)

Jonardan Koner1, Avinash Purandare2 1Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Senior Associate Professor and Head MFOCM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Maharashtra has two major ports i.e. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) and Mumbai Port. Both

the ports are constrained in the evacuation of cargo for the past several decades due to the

development of the city around them. Also limited depth in the harbour allows only small ships to

berth and this becomes a major constraint. After considering these factors, the Indian Government

approved the development of a greenfield, deep-water port at Vadhavan. A Special Purpose

Vehicle (SPV) will be formed with Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) as the lead partner with

equity participation equal to or more than 50% to implement the project. The SPV will develop

the port infrastructure including reclamation, construction of the breakwater, besides establishing

connectivity to the hinterland. All the business activities would be undertaken under Public

Private Partnership (PPP) mode by private developers. The JNPT has proposed to develop

Vadhavan Port along with the participation of Government of Maharashtra and Maharashtra

Maritime Board. This project will be jointly implemented by JNPT and Maharashtra Maritime

Board with a shareholding of 74% and 26% respectively. The notification of Vadhavan Port as a

major port is published in the official Gazette of Government of India (GOI) on 19/02/2020.

Detailed Design and detailed Engineering is in progress through consultant and it will be

completed by July 2021 for requirement of investment decision of Government of India. The

building of local opinion above Vadhavan Port project is in progress. The Vadhavan project was

essentially conceived as a satellite facility to JNPT, the country’s busiest public container harbor,

which had become saturated until Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) International opened the

first phase of a 4.8 million-TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) terminal in February 2018. The

government estimates the new project will require an investment of Rs. 65,544.54 crore, or

approximately USD 9 billion. The study critically analyzes the prospects of the port as a ‘Deep

Sea Port’

Key Words: Deep-Sea Port; JNPT; Landlord Model; PPP; TEUs


Implementation of Industrial Land Redevelopment Scheme: A Comparative Case Study of Selected

Projects in Mumbai Avinash Purandare1, Darshani Pawar2,Swapnil Purwar3, Bharat Shinde4, Siddhesh Kakade5

1Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Mumbai textile mill's redevelopment started around 1992 when efforts began to demolish

numerous old textile mills that were present in Mumbai to make way for new residential,

commercial and mixed purpose buildings as part of Mumbai's wider modernization. Over the

time, the government has eased its rules that once limited the redevelopment of mill lands, and as

a consequence, many builders quickly took possession of these lands. City developers and

builders have already executed projects on these existing mill lands. The land is used for high rise

residential buildings in most cases and, in some cases, for the commercial, retail and

entertainment sectors also. Almost all of the existing structures on these mill lands were

completely demolished for redevelopment. This research paper aims to examine various aspects

of industrial land redevelopment for a large city like Mumbai. It compares the challenges faced in

the redevelopment of textile mills which includes Kohinoor Square, Namaste Tower, Lodha

World One, Royal Palace, Indiabulls Sky Suite, Avighna Park, Godrej Planet and Ashoka

Towers. Appropriate literature research on Mumbai's redevelopment plan has been carried out

through numerous research papers and journals. The questionnaire was designed to examine

various aspects consisting of key issues of core redevelopment, commercial viability, execution

and environmental aspects of different projects. We conducted detailed case studies for each

project and identified the risks and challenges associated with these projects including the

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

Key Words: Mumbai Textile Mills; Industrial Land Redevelopment; SWOT Analysis; High-Rise

Buildings.


ITC Green Centre: A Case study of a Green Building in India

Sumit Kumar1, Aniket Shukla2, Vaibhav Garg3, Rohit Borhade4, Vivek Vankhande5, Arpita Mathur6

12345Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The construction industry is one of the quickest growing industries in India. In the last 2 decades

construction industry has taken a boom in Residential, Commercial, Industrial developments. But

the construction industry adds a large amount to the various reasons for global warming. Global

warming is the main issue in today’s world and to protect the environment and to solve the

problem of global warming there is a need for green construction. Green Building is a building

that is energy-efficient, water-efficient, uses local material, generates less waste, and also has a

low cost of maintenance as compared to conventional buildings. The use of green construction

has reduced the impact of construction activities on the environment, economy, and health of the

people. There is a lack of awareness regarding green construction among the people of India as

compared to developed nations like the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Now

this paper shows the need for green construction in developing nations like India. Also, this paper

includes the financial, material, technology, and labor feasibility concerning our case study on

one of the most efficient buildings in India which are certified with a platinum certificate by

IGBC (Indian Green Building Council). This paper will break some myths regarding green

building construction and help to implement green construction with easy, simple, and economic

techniques.

Key Words: Technology; Green Building; Feasibility Study; Construction Industry;

Sustainability


Hybrid Sustainable Construction Practices: The Case of Sumbaran Project, Pune

Nirank Jadhav1, Vishal Kumawat2, Shubham Shinde3, Saurabh Sonar4, Manish Pal5, Arpita Mathur6



This paper is about studying modern and traditional sustainable construction practices and how

they can be combined to have hybrid sustainable construction in modern times. For this case

study we have selected the project Sumbaran constructed by Abha Arch located in the outskirts of

Pune. This project shows that there are plenty of traditional construction practices which can be

used in today’s construction practices by implementing little changes in it without changing the

whole concept. The traditional concepts like domes, arches and use of mud bricks, etc., has been

combined with modern construction practises like rat-trap cavity walls, filler slabs and vaults, etc.

For data collection we have interviewed Architect Pravin Mali who is also the founder of Abha

Arch. We interviewed him by the means of video conferencing. We have also interviewed the

client who owns this project. These interviews gave us lots of primary data which we can use for

further study and findings. We also visited the actual project and had a thorough study of the

structure which came out to be very useful in our learning. Combining all the data from

interviews and site visit we can say that modern and traditional sustainable construction practices

can be combined with little bit of study, planning and proper execution, resulting in hybrid

projects which are sustainable in nature. During this study we came across many traditional

sustainable construction practices which have faded over time but bringing this traditional

sustainable construction practices into present era of construction will result in environment

friendly and economically sustainable structures. These changes can be made very easily once

basic knowledge is obtained by the professionals and people related to construction.

Key Words: Sustainable Construction; Hybrid Construction; Traditional Construction; Environment; Construction Industry


Sustainable Power Generation Using Flexible Photovoltaic Solar Panel Technology for Labor Camp

Housing at Construction Sites

Siddesh Pai1, Amber Shukla2 1Associate Professor and Head ACM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa

2Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa Email: [email protected]

The labour camps were considered temporary and portable structures mostly situated in remote

areas with no power availability and using diesel generators was the only option. It was

prerogative of every construction companies to focus on the well-being of its workers as well as

care for the environment. There was therefore a need for green power generation for clean and

noise-free environment for labour camps by installing a solar power solution that would power

the camp independently and stop using diesel. It meant that all of the power gluttons like ACs,

Electric Pumps, Kitchen Appliances, Water Heaters, Chillers, Lighting systems etc. operated on

the ecological solar power energy. The camp could operate all the electric appliances in the night

as well, which stored the energy during the day light. This technology could be a huge motivation

to all the companies and also would help to reduce the carbon footprint to a great extent thus

contributing to the sustainable energy policy of the nation. This research focused on using

Sustainable power generation using flexible photovoltaic solar panel technology for labour camp

housing at construction sites. This study attempted to research various parameters like flexible

solar panel design and specifications, power generation costing, capacity utilization and

availability of resources. The research paper focused on studying the combination of solar energy

and tensile structures and the parameters on which the solar panels could produce energy.

Different case studies were researched to explain these parameters. Solar power is indeed

sustainable, environmentally friendly & renewable source of energy.

Key Words: Solar Panel; Sustainable Technology; Labour Camps


Issues Related with Financing of Public Private Partnership in Road and Highway Projects in India

Indrasen Singh 1Senior Professor and Dean, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa


Abstract Unlike other infrastructure sectors where it is more certain that if the right to implement the

project is preserved, the project would be able to service the debts, due to the existing demand for

the project facility. In a road project, since the usage of a road can fluctuate sharply, there is a

degree of commercial risk. That cannot really be mitigated and would have to be shared by all the

parties to the project. Thus in road sector, if the policy to allow private participation is adopted.

The management of a highway and road projects is very complicated and expertise in that area is,

as yet, not easily available. Management of a road project includes the estimation of demand for

the road in face of various variables such as competition from toll free roads and other forms of

transportation. Manner of commercial developments in the area to which the road projects the

services, adjusting toll rates in a manner so as to optimize revenue while at the same time,

maintaining usage levels. Planning maintenance to optimize quality and minimise long-term costs

and managing short – term and long term debt service and other financial obligations. Thus in the

Road and Highway sector, if the policy to allow for private participation is adopted, it is

imperative that the legal and the contractual framework provided for the implementation of the

project is suitable to attract not only private equity participation, but also financing from lenders.

Presently the Indian legal framework does not provide for strong independent regulatory authority

that have been clearly vested with the mandate of promoting and regulating private participation

in the development of road and highway projects. A need to develop such strong institutions is

present not only at the central level but also the state level.

Key Words: Public Private Partnership; Least Present Value of Revenue Mechanism; National Highway Authority of India; Ministry of Finance; Terms of Reference; Road Funds


Cost and Time Overrun in Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project

Merin Mariam Thomas1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune



The Bandra-Worli Sea Link is an infrastructure marvel that has significantly reduced traffic

congestion in Mumbai. The 5.6-km-long, eight-lane Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL), which is

now been called the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, was India's first bridge to be built in open-sea

conditions. The Bandra Worli Sea Link project connects Bandra, a western suburb, with Worli,

the central part of Mumbai, India's financial hub and the state capital of Maharastra. Construction

of a flyover, cloverleaf interchange, access road upgrade, and cable stayed bridge is all part of the

project's scope. The Maharashtra government entrusted this project to Maharashtra State Road

Development Limited (MSRDC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Maharashtra government. For

a 40-year period, the MSRDC was given toll collection rights on the Sea Link Bridge under the

build, run, and move (BOT) model. The project's projected cost and length is $100 million and

three years, respectively. The project started in the year 2000, but cost and time overruns occurred

due to public lawsuits, slow contractor performance, a change in consultant, and significant

technological design improvements. The complexities were compounded by the fact that the

aesthetically constructed pylons had highly complicated geometry and one of the longest spans

for a concrete deck. The bridge was built by Hindustan Construction Co Ltd (HCC) and

engineered by Dar Consultants of the United Kingdom for Maharashtra State Road Development

Corporation (MSRDC). The study aims to find out the causes of cost and time overrun for this

project.

Key Words: Time Overrun; Cost Overrun; Bandra-Worli Sea Link; Bandra-Worli Sea Link Bridge; Construction delays


Combined Precast Concrete Caisson and Cast-In-Situ Pile Structure for Slipway Tip Protection and

Extension C. S. Gokhale

Professor and Dean SOCM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Launching of ship is one of the most important operations in the entire ship construction process.

Newly constructed ships are launched by various methods such as longitudinal launching systems,

vertical launching system and side launching system. Slipway is the most common and oldest

type of structure employed for launching of ships. The state of Goa has larger number of small

and medium shipyards. Majority of such shipyards are located along rivers. Due to high currents

and waves at tip of slipway there is erosion near the tip of jetty. Further as shipyards are now

building bigger ships they require longer slipway to launch the bigger ships. Further due to

coastal zone regulations there are various restrictions on use of materials and technology to be

used for such works. This paper presents a case study in which an innovative method is proposed

to secure the tip of slipway from further erosion and also extension of slipway by 15 m with due

regard to coastal zone restriction and construction difficulties. The proposed structure consists of

combination of precast concrete caissons and cast in-situ piles. The precast cast concrete caissons

are employed so as to minimise the cast-in-situ concrete work on site and the cast in-situ piles are

employed to secure the caissons in position. The piling is made easy as that can be done by

installing the piling machinery on top of pre-installed caisson and material and manpower supply

to piling work also becomes easy as the caisson has direct assess from land. The proposed precast

box caissons are 5mx3m in plan and 6.5 m high with thickness of 250 mm. Further only 4 piles

are proposed to anchor each caisson.

Key Words: Slipway; Caissons; Pile; Shipyard; Precast Concrete


Selection of Flooring Material for Residential Building Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Method

Anil L Agarwal1, Amol D Pawar2, Babalu L Rajput3

1Senior Professor and Dean PGP, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Senior Associate Professor and Head-ACM (Junior Batch), National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

3Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Flooring is an important component of any building. Traditional mud floor with cow-dung cover

is still used in rural areas, known for hygiene and comfort. Basic and economical flooring widely

used is Indian patent stone (IPS) flooring. A variety of flooring materials are available in the

market ranging from Rs. 20 to Rs 500 or more. These are natural stone slabs, artificial slabs, or

tiles of different sizes and shapes. Flooring materials for residential purposes used in natural

stones are Kota, Tandoor, Kadappa, Shahabad, Marbles, Granites, Sandstone, Flagstone,

Limestone, etc., while under manufactured tiles varieties used are Porcelain tile, Ceramic tile,

Vinyl tile etc. The use of multi-criteria decision-making approaches to select flooring materials

for residential building construction was demonstrated in this study. This study will help the

Builder/Developer to provide flooring for residential houses as per the comfort desired, economic

constraints and functionality requirements of customers.

Key Words: Adaptability; Alternative Flooring Materials; TOPSIS; Building Construction


Time and Cost Delays: A Case Study on an Integrated Township Named 'SPR City'

Mohammed Sameer Khan1, Jonardan Koner2



The Indian government has long taken urban development seriously, and developers are finding

the market more favourable. As a result of urbanization, the real estate industry has been one of

the most promising in recent decades, ranking second in terms of contribution to the national

economy. Integrated townships are self-sustaining, well-planned townships that include

residential, commercial, retail, and other amenities to provide a pleasant urban living

environment. They have remarkably supplied to economic and socio-cultural development which

is beneficial to the development of rapidly rising cities, hence transforming Indian cities into

engines of progress. One of the most serious issues confronting the construction sector is cost

overruns and time delays. They have a detrimental influence on the country's economic progress.

It is critical to do extensive research on delays in order to keep the economy and construction

sector intact. This study examines the factors that lead to work delays in one of the country's main

ongoing integrated township projects, which is located in the southern part of the country, which

is named as the SPR City in the city of Chennai, India. This is Chennai’s largest integrated

township, encompassing 63 acres and is comprised of residential towers, mall, trade Centre –

Market of India and educational institutions created in stages. The goal of this case study is to

investigate and analyse the elements that contribute to cost and time delays.

Key Words: Economy; Integrated Townships; Self- Sustaining; Cost Overrun; Delay


Affordable Housing in India: Problems, Challenges and Solutions

Nikita Agrawal1, Pranav Gadekar2, Karan Asnani3, Rajeev Singh4, Vandana Bhavsar5

1Consulting and Valuation Advisory Services CBRE, Pune 2Project Management MACE Group, Mumbai

3Neelkanth Infratech Private Limited, Gandhidham 4Real Estate Investment Advisory, Quantum Infraprojects Pvt Ltd, Mumbai


Although, it has been seen that affordable housing provides a simple solution to the current

housing woes its execution remains complicated due to the unclear policy framework followed in

our country. There are several schemes, policies, public private partnership models and solutions

already being implemented by the Government of India for the execution of Affordable Housing

in India. Till now, only demand side problems were studied and addressed to, but this research

paper focuses on the gap caused due to supply side and the challenges faced by them. Thus, it is

required to identify the differences and provide a practically executable solution for the same.

Since the data required and collected in this research is non-quantifiable in nature, careful

qualitative analysis was done with the information received from personal interviews and

questionnaires. The real challenge faced is to buy land parcel that is cheap enough to make the

houses affordable for the end user. The way developers have been combating the problem is to

reduce the carpet area of the houses along with the help of government policies and subsidies to

reduce the burden on the beneficiaries.

Key Words: Affordable Housing; Real Estate; Public Private Partnership; Government Policies


Managerial Effectiveness and Employee Productivity

Kirti Rajhans1, Vipin Vasudevan2

1Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Managers of every business organization are always assigned the responsibility of getting

optimum output from the people working under them and also to keep their employees motivated

to achieve organizational goals. Productivity is important for all organizations as it yields higher

profits and as productivity increases, the organization can turn its resources into revenues. Still,

obtaining sustainable performance and making all employees productive, seems to be a concern

for most of the organisations. Managerial effectiveness is a key factor in managing employees,

implementing organisation’s vision and mission and getting the optimum performance from them.

The present study aims to find a correlation between these two significant parameters, i.e.,

employee productivity and managerial effectiveness. This empirical study is carried out by

understanding, recording and analysing the traits and behaviour of employees in terms of their

professional growth, personal wellbeing and their response to the manager’s effectiveness with

respect to their work. The key concepts analysed are: employee productivity and managerial

effectiveness. The results show significant correlation between managerial effectiveness and

employee productivity. The main contribution of the study lies in identification of crucial aspects

of managerial effectiveness which impact employee productivity like manager’s influence on the

team members, his competence, problem-solving and decision-making skills, his ability to

increase employee productivity through effective utilization of resources and periodic review of

the work and fair vs. biased treatment of employees. The study is immensely useful for industry

practitioners, budding managers and academic researchers for understanding the importance of

managerial effectiveness in increasing employee productivity.

Key Words: Managerial Effectiveness; Employee Productivity; Organisations, Management


Construction Equipment Cost Management

Avik Munshi1, Devanshu Pandit2

1Visiting Faculty, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India. 2Adjunct Professor, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India.


In the last century, construction equipment emerged as means to replace human labour and

increase productivity. Today the construction industry has become highly mechanized, and

equipment has gained significance within contracting organizations. However, as construction

equipment enter the maturity phase of product lifecycle, increased access to equipment has ruled

out certain competitive advantages that resulted from mere possession of equipment. For instance,

leasing options have eliminated the need of initial capital outlay while enabling organizations to

compete in the market. Hence, as the industry becomes more competitive with more players, each

with access to means including labour and equipment, the competitive advantage of construction

equipment has shifted from mere possession to proper management. Moreover, as equipment play

a major role in execution of construction projects, construction equipment not only forms a major

portion of assets but also contributes a major portion of project costs. Thus, understanding the

cost structure of construction equipment is critical to bidding success as well as profitability of

organization. Much research and theory regarding construction equipment is available, most of

them addressing the individual cost aspects. The compiled theory that is available is much

theoretical and too extensive to be utilized practically, leaving a dearth of compiled and elaborate

summary that can assist the management in cost estimation and decision making. Hence, this

paper compiles all such individual aspects and corroborates as well as contrasts the theory with

the experience and observations of industry professionals. Furthermore, it also states observations

and draws inferences for insights.

Key Words: Construction Equipment; Equipment Cost Management; Equipment Management;

Mechanization; O&M Costs


A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Mumbai Pune Expressway

Saigayathri P1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune



The Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway, commonly known as The Pune Mumbai Expressway is

India's first six-lane high-speed concrete toll road with restrained entry. The highway has cut off

travel time from Kalamboli to Kiwale which is in Mumbai and Pune respectively by about two

hours. It greatly complemented the NH 48 section of Mumbai-Pune, which was proven to be

overcrowded and prone to accidents. This highway is not part of the NHAI NH 48 road network

and was fully made, functioned and taken care of by the Maharashtra government through the

Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation. It extends 94.5 kilometers and connects

Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra province and the financial capital of India, and Pune, the

cultural and educational hub of Maharashtra. However, increasingly, especially during the storm,

traffic on the Mumbai-Pune road is usually not possible with damaged routes that block small

curves and 2 highways. The deadline for the project to build a missing link for the Mumbai pune

Expressway is now September 2022. Due to the breakdown of the novel coronavirus and the loss

of working days due to locking, contractors of the missing Mumbai-Pune Expressway project

were given an additional 184 days to complete the work. The expansion of the Mumbai-Pune

Expressway is designed to reduce travel time and significantly tighten the narrowest ghat section

of the Expressway thus resulting in slower traffic. The public project cost alone is Rs 4,500 crore,

while the total project cost is Rs 6,600 crore. The study aims to analyze the causes of the delay for

this project.

Key Words: Expressway; Small curves; Missing Link; Breakdown; Coronavirus


Environmental Impact of Real Estate Development on Urban Fringe Areas: A Case of Tathawade,

Maharashtra Shruti Vaishampayan1, Ashwini Naphade2, Vini Khatri3

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 23Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Urban fringe areas are outside city limits that display a mix of rural and urban characteristics in

terms of development. Fringe areas typically present a high demand for real estate due to

proximity to urban centres and potential for growth in terms of social, cultural, infrastructural

aspects along with comparatively lower property values than the urban centres. Research shows

that construction and development activities in fringe areas have long term impacts on

environment owing to lack of proper planning and guidelines. Haphazard development in peri-

urban areas leads to serious environmental impacts on land, air, surface and ground water, along

with increased load on sanitation and waste management facilities. Agricultural land rapidly gets

converted to non-agricultural uses such as residential and industrial, along with road infrastructure

affecting air quality, water demand and demand of landfill sites. The present study is an attempt

to investigate environmental impacts of real estate development in case of the rapidly developing

fringe area of Tathawade in Pimpri Chinchwad, Maharashtra. Select parameters, namely change

in land use, sustainability of built environment, solid waste management, and waste water

treatment infrastructure were studied and analysed with secondary data substantiated by

interviews with local government officers. Based on the analysis, suitable recommendations for

sustainable development growth in fringe areas are suggested as an outcome of this study.

Key Words: Urban Fringe; Real Estate Development; Land Use; Environmental Impacts; Sustainability


Performance Analysis of Infrastructure Companies Samruddhi Wagh1, Deep Patel2, Sourav Kumar Singh3, Rajani Kumari4, Himgauri Patil5, P. K.

Samanta6

12345Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 6Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The wealth of any nation is judged by the infrastructure it provides through its construction

industry. The construction industry is a large and volatile business sector. Thus, the process of

performance assessment and corrective measures for this industry is imperative. Previous studies

on performance measurement focused on only the financial perspective. But in the longer run, for

the construction industry due to the involvement of numerous stakeholders, a wholistic

consideration of performance is necessary, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are considered one

of the means for measuring performance and progress towards objectives of the organization and

help organizations and agencies to identify and measure their progress toward specific objectives.

This paper aims to study the performance indicators (PIs) used by the business managers in the

civil construction sector. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of construction companies from

this region. A statistical analysis of the data collected allowed to identify the most important and

most used performance Indicators for the companies that were surveyed. Furthermore, with the

help of these selected KPIs, the performance of a large cap infrastructure company in India was

analysed. The integration of BSC and the SWOT analysis of the company helped to direct us in

what areas does the company needs to focus in order to achieve its objectives. . This study also

helped to understand the measures taken by these companies for the betterment of their

performance scores based on these KPIs. Furthermore, this study also aims to analyse the criteria

to select the PIs, its benefits and the extent of use of this method in the construction sector and

form a multidimensional framework for an effective measurement of the construction sector

performance.

Key Words: KPIs; Construction Sector; Performance; performance Measurement; Infrastructure Companies


Avoidance of Claims Through Construction Contracts

Smitha Yadav1, Jaiyant Sharma2, Kunj Bhalani3, Surjakanta Chowdhury4, Saumya Trived5, Hariharun S.R.6



Construction industry and specially road infrastructure projects are distinguished for time and cost

overruns resulting into claims and disputes. Since this sector provides an impetus to the economic

growth of the country, avoiding them is essential. This research work tries to examine the reasons

for claims in the road infrastructure projects, contract type due to which they arise and its impact

on time cost and schedule. The work also unfolds the provisions under the common models due to

which they arise and suggests on the essential changes necessary to avoid them. This paper

focuses on identifying and categorizing the claims that exist in the construction industry,

evaluating the root cause of the claims and recommend ways to mitigate them. The study

unfolded that the private sector was much acquainted with EPC mode of contracting, whereas in

case of public services the domination was by the item mode of execution.

Key Words: Claims; Contracts; Road Projects; Common Causes; CPWD and FIDIC


Green Retrofitting to Achieve Energy Efficiency: Case Study of an Institutional Building in Pune, India

Shruti Vaishampayan1, Shahzeb Farooqui2, Ruman Shaikh3

1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 23Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The green building initiative has gained tremendous momentum during the last decade and the

green retrofit programs have gathered significant attention. This study attempts to carry out the

green audit of an institutional building and provide methods for green retrofitting according to

various existing rating systems. A calculated approach of green audit of an existing educational

school building located in Pune along with constructive green retrofitting methods to increase life

of building and decrease its carbon footprint are suggested in this study on select parameters for

site and facility management; energy consumption; water consumption; and indoor environment

quality. Cost analysis has additionally been carried out for the implementation of suggested

measures for the green retrofitting along with a detailed discussion on suitability of the

recommendations as per various rating systems.

Key Words: Green Building; Retrofitting; Energy Efficiency; Sustainability; Rating Systems


Urbanization and Environmental Challenges: Legal Perspective

Yuvraj Dilip Patil

Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Now a day’s population in urban area is increasing drastically due to infrastructure as well as

employment opportunity. Research shows that by 2050, more than half of the population will be

urban. India has been witnessing excessive urbanization. The rapid growth of city’s population

and construction lead to the serious environmental issues like air pollution, water pollution,

nuisance which will endanger the right to life of citizens. In this research paper researcher has

used doctrinal research methodology. It involves analysis of laws, smart city guidelines and case

laws relating to Urbanization and Environmental Challenges. Researcher in this article discussed

the environmental issues in urban areas and laws to prevent the problem with the analysis of

judicial opinion. Increasing urbanization gives rise to the increasing solid waste in urban areas.

The researcher has discussed the case study of village Uruli Kanchan in Pune District of waste

disposal issues and environmental crisis due to urbanization. Waste is a source of environmental

pollution and health hazard. Burning waste at Uruli Kanchan landfill site creates a public nuisance

as air pollution and also led to the underground water pollution due to high acidity level. This

result in the water borne diseases like cholera and breeding of mosquitoes, flies gives rise to the

Chickungunya and Dengue. It also leads to spread of foul smell. The proper management i.e.

Segregation of waste at source, disposal and treatment on waste reduces the impact on

environment. It is the responsibility of State and the citizens of India to prevent the environmental

degradation in the name of development of urbanization.

Key Words: Urbanization; Environment; Law; Judiciary; Management


Relevance of Branding in Indian Construction Market – A Study with Reference to Small and Medium Scale

Construction Firms Desai Devang1, Binny Sachin2, Telluri Pavankumar Reddy3, Sasidhar Shiva4, Pamidikondala

Hemanth5, Kundrapu Kumar Sai Sandeep6



Branding can be defined as the activities and efforts carried out by a company in order to attract

customers. Branding plays an important role in every sector and it requires a proper planning &

research before formulating the branding strategy. It offers the company unique and distinctive

image and ensures better customers’ share of mind and recall. By working on various brand

elements like logo, symbol, tagline, slogans, characters, trade mark etc., companies can make a

good brand value and make an identity for themselves. By focusing on achieving excellence in

performance and delivering customer satisfaction and conveying the same to customers through

properly designed branding strategies will help the company to grow and strengthen positive

brand image of the company in the minds of customers. This brand image, in turn will help in

sustaining existing customers and creating new one. The paper aims to understand the relevance

of branding in construction market in India with special reference to small and medium scale

construction companies. The methodology includes usage of interview schedule and conducting

in-depth interviews of professionals working in the marketing department of small and medium

scale construction companies. The area chosen for data collection was mainly Kochi and nearby

cities in the state of Kerala. Twenty small and medium companies were chosen for the purpose of

data collection. The paper aims to find out the extent to which these companies utilize branding as

an important strategy and identifying various branding elements used by them as a part of their

branding strategy.

Key Words: Branding; Strategy; Construction Industry; Branding Elements


Prediction Model for Cost Overrun in Infrastructure Project

Sriram Deshmukh1, Ajaykumar R. Kambekar 2

1Research Scholar, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, University of Mumbai, Mumbai

2Chairman PG Programmes, Former Dean Academics & Head, CED Bhartiya Vidya Bhavans, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, University of Mumbai, Mumbai


Construction industry is considered as one of the most dynamic and risky industrial sector. Many

construction projects do not attain all their desired goals due to the presence of risks and

uncertainties intrinsic in the projection of the main duties of the construction project manager is to

ensure that the project does not exceed its allotted cost & time frames despite claims. Due to

different uncertainties such as Client characteristics, Consultant and design parameters,

Contractor attributes, Project characteristics, Contract procedures and procurement methods,

External factors and market conditions etc., the actual cost of project is not certainly known for

the managers in advance. Therefore, total cost of project may differ significantly because of these

uncertainties. Cost overruns are more common in infrastructure projects especially, more common

in road and Bridge construction activities. There existed a need to develop a probabilistic cost

overrun analysis model in construction projects as a decision support tool for contractors before

the bidding stage. The objective of this study is to identify the critical factors affecting cost

overrun and obtain statistical models using multiple regression and artificial neural networks. This

study will help all stakeholders of Bridge projects in India to understand the factors and thereby

reduce time delay and cost overrun as well as expedite their completion.

Key Words: Cost Overrun; Total Cost; Bridge Project; Time Delay; Critical Factors


Retail vs Etail – Impact on Commercial Real Estate in Hyderabad

Raja Sekhar Mamillapalli1, Venkatesan Renganaidu2, V Pramadha3 1Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad

2Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad 3Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


Evolution of technology have impacted the human life in day to day activities. Even shopping

have now became a mobile activity rather than moving out of house. This made much

convenience to the customers but have left various challenges across the supply chain giving

opportunity to new businesses which were never existed. Internet penetration have increased in

India with few disruptions in the telecom sector. Retail shops played a significant role in the

yester years helping the customers to purchase on the needs and requirements. E-commerce

revolution have attracted customers for various reasons across the country form both urban and

rural areas of the country. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight the impact of the

increasing e-tailers (e-commerce sellers) over the various fixed shop retailers and its impact on

the commercial real estate in Hyderabad. There is huge real estate construction activity booming

in the city and the unoccupied retail, commercial spaces creates worry in the real estate

developers in the city. During pandemic of Covid – 19, the e-commerce have seen a huge growth

due to the lock down and crefew. This may have the change in the customers in visiting the store

like earlier before pandemic. This study unveils the impact of increased e-commerce sales and

customer base on the retail stores and shopping malls in Hyderabad city.

Key Words: E commerce; Retail; Commercial; Real estate; Impact


Case Study on Demand Forecasting for Real Estate Units in India: Luxury Apartments

Amrita Suman Choudhary1, Jonardan Koner2



Abstract Mumbai, considered as financial capital of the country has always been prime choice of residence

with potential buyers preferring to invest in the city's coveted neighbourhood. It has one of the

fastest growing real-estate markets in the country in which luxury housing is emerging as one of

the most vibrant and dynamic segment of Indian real-estate industry. Investments by NRIs in

luxury housing units, including penthouses, villas and bungalows, have increased. Rapidly

growing High Net-Worth Individuals, increased aspirations, and changing lifestyle are the factors

effectively attributing towards the growth of luxury housing sector in India. Luxury apartments

which were quite scarce, have now become a fashionable address and statement for the rich and

the aspiring upper-middle class. The definition of luxury housing is not only limited to prime

location, extra space, amenities etc. but now also includes the latest technological advancements

made possible by artificial intelligence and an aesthetic appeal that grants a building the status of

comfort and style. Demand for high-end luxury houses in attractive locales has consequently

given birth to real estate micro-markets in territories of the country that had been previously

uncharted by real estate developers. Millennials want luxury! And, therefore, key indicators

considered by buyers while booking luxury or ultra-luxury homes go beyond swimming pools and

recreation clubs. This real estate category is expected to continue growing stronger and evolving

further with increasing domestic applications of technological innovations and fusion of aesthetics

with luxury, attracting national and international players to the market. The study aims to analyze

the demand of luxury real estate in the region.

Key Words: Luxury Apartments; Technological Advancements; Artificial Intelligence; High Net-Worth Individuals; Millennials


Impact of Covid-19 on Construction Industry: The Legal Perspective

Yuvraj Dilip Patil1, Anand Kadam2, Krishnanu Palit3, Mrunal Kulkarni4 Shardul Dhage5 1Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease the word itself was enough frightening for the whole world in

the year 2020. The construction sector was not relieved from this pandemic whether it is real

estate or the infrastructure sector every one of them saw a setback leading to mass unemployment,

an enormous amount of material being wasted, and most importantly the spread of the disease

itself and loss of lives. In this research paper researcher has used doctrinal as well non-doctrinal

research methodology. It involves analysis of laws, smart city guidelines and case laws relating to

Urbanization and Environmental Challenges. The non- doctrinal research includes data collection

by using surveys, interview and questionnaires which are also known as, research on field.

India, where most of the projects get their manpower supplied from States like Bihar, Uttar

Pradesh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal had to either send them back or the Labour workforce had

to move back to their own native place due to lack of basic amenities such as food medicine and

other facilities. It becomes very important to take necessary suggest measures to tackle such kind

of pandemic in future. The objective of this article is to analyse & scrutinized all of the existing

laws which deal with various aspects of the construction sector and to do case study.

Key Words: Coronavirus; COVID-19; Lockdown; Labour; Construction


Study of Charging Station Infrastructure Development and Challenges for Electric Mobility Vehicles

Pramod Deshpande


In India most of the road transportation is on carbon chain based fuels. The combustion of fuel in

different vehicles on road leads to carbon emission. There is a need to reduce the greenhouse

gases emissions during transportation. In most of the European and developed countries there is a

shift of combustion based vehicles technology to battery operated or hybrid vehicles in all sectors

such as heavy vehicles, buses and light vehicles; including the two wheelers and three wheelers.

The greenhouse gas emission leads to various social and economic impacts; this is due to rise in

ambient temperature, reduction is agriculture production health hazards; simply the quality of life.

This leads to the development of clean and sustainable technology across the globe and also India.

India is also going through the technology change, of combustion based vehicles to battery

operated vehicles to reduce the pollution and environmental impact. However, there is impact on

vehicle manufacturing and economy of transportation. Also the new of infrastructure is needs to

be developed for vehicle manufacturing to operation and maintenance of vehicles transportation

in various sectors of vehicles. The energy source for this transportation is the electrochemical

battery. The government of India, published the policy and some of the states in India are

implementing the same. This paper discuss the present status and challenges in Infrastructure

development in Electric mobility.

Key Words: Battery Types; Types of Vehicles; Charging Stations; EV Mobility


Social Media Communication and Social Quotient of Working Individuals During Pandemic Covid 19

Kirti Rajhans1, Siddharth Natha2, Rushikesh Pawar3

1Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune

2Founder, Hooman, Pune, India. 3Assistant Manager, Monte Carlo Ltd., Ahemedabad, India.


The use of social media has increased substantially after the advent of Covid 19 pandemic all over

the globe. With the increasing restrictions on social gatherings and face to face meetings, there

was a phenomenal surge in online interactions. The social media communication was already

increased before pandemic but the pandemic scenario entirely changed the social quotient of

individuals and shifted it to an online mode. People started spending more and more time on

social media for entertaining themselves, for connecting with the loved ones or for official work.

Everyone seems to be rushing to social media for distancing themselves from the actual chaos and

problems going on in the society or for expressing themselves. This situation has changed the

traditional definition of ‘social quotient’ of individuals and has transformed it into a new and

complex reality. The present study attempts to explore the dynamics of ‘social quotient’ of young

working individuals through an empirical analysis of their social media interactions. The results

present an analysis of the usage of various prominent social media channels and the

communication on it by working individuals in India during pandemic. The study mainly

contributes to the existing research in this area by developing a new matrix for understanding

social quotient of individuals through their social media interactions. This would be immensely

useful for researchers and practitioners trying to understand the impact of social media

communication during pandemic times.

Key Words: Social Media Communication; Social Quotient; Pandemic Covid 19; Management


A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Infrastructure Projects in India: Mumbai Airport Terminal 2: India’s First and Most Advanced Vertical Passenger Terminal

Ishank Sharma1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune



Terminal 2 at Mumbai Airport is India's first and most modern vertical passenger terminal,

combining world-class design, architecture, infrastructure, and operational efficiency with a rich

infusion of Indian tradition and cultural identity. The building's main design element is a long-

span roof that spans 70000 square meter and meets different functional criteria, making it one of

the world's biggest roofs without an extension joint. The stunning Chhatrapati Shivaji

International Airport Terminal 2, with a floor area of 4.4 million square feet, accommodates 40

million passengers every year, roughly double the number served by the structure it replaces. The

new terminal brings together international and domestic passenger services under one roof,

streamlining terminal operations and shortening passenger walk lengths. The research examines

the reasons of delays in various airport projects with the goal of identifying the many variables

that may contribute to project delays as well as potential solutions to the disputes that have arisen.

Land acquisition, site placement, design approvals, and financial management all need extensive

preparation for greenfield projects. Various studies on various airport projects have been

conducted in both developed and developing countries. The study found that the most common

reasons for delays in infrastructure projects are land acquisition issues in greenfield projects,

which result in the project's non-commencement, delays due to design modifications,

environmental clearance, and various approvals from various authorities. Furthermore, the

mitigating methods used to finish the project on schedule are discussed in this study.

Key Words: Land Acquisition; Greenfield Projects; Long-Span Roof; World-Class


Implementation of Lean Tools and Technology in Construction Industry

Avinash Purandare1, Srinivas Choudhary2, Arpita Tallur3, Ashutosh Panigrahi4, Anushree Bakde5



The Indian construction industry still follows the primitive work pattern, which generates over

budgeting, material wastage, time overrun and poor management of resources. To eliminate all

the above-mentioned issues, construction industries are now adopting advanced tools and

techniques like lean construction tools. Application of Lean concept is a modern approach to

managing construction to deliver successful projects in the most time-efficient and cost-efficient

manner. This paper aims to find out how the implementation of various lean tools and techniques

can reduce or mitigate time overrun, material wastage and cost overrun. Also, it shows how using

lean concepts has an impact on the core traits of a company. We have studied 10 case studies

within which, lean management was applied in the organizations as well as on individual

construction projects. Exploratory research method is used for investigating the benefits of lean

tools and techniques by exploring and understanding the available literature and some case

studies. It is observed that implementing lean tools and techniques is advantageous as it helps to

avoid waste, which is basically Non-Value-Added (NVA) activities such as idle time waste,

transporting/conveyance waste, material waste and inventory waste. It also helps maintain

transparency between employees creating a culture of openness and free flowing information

leading to efficient execution. It emphasizes that constraint identification is vital. Every

task/activity may have a constraint that needs to be resolved before starting the work. It was also

observed that lean tools help strengthen and improve the organization’s core traits.

Key Words: Lean, Non-Value-Added; Material Wastage; Cost Overrun; Core Traits


A Case Study on Santacruz Chembur Link Road (SCLR)

Radhika Kumkumwar 1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Email: [email protected] As considering several aspects of the nation’s development, construction industry, especially

infrastructure development has played an identical role. Infrastructure development has important

optimistic involvement towards the economy of India. The effects of such large-scale

infrastructure projects are identical because of huge investment, highly driven technology and

intricacy in nature. However, with the implementation of the infra projects, there are always

certain risk factors that needs to be considered in terms of Technical, Financial, External and

Project Management which can be controlled by contractual binding between owner and

contractor. Though, numerous projects experience wide-ranging delays and thereby surpassing

preliminary time and cost estimations. Delay in construction is measured to be single of the most

periodic complications in the construction sector and it has an antagonistic outcome on project

accomplishment in factors of time, cost, quality, & safety. In India, projects like Highway and

Expressway are affected with huge delays. Above the past decade, as a result of model shift in the

capacity and volume of the highway construction industry, it is identical significant to thoroughly

examine the elements of delays and construct up a summarizing appreciation amongst the

highway and expressway professionals. In this study various prominent factors causing delays in

Expressway & Highway projects in India are studied. Besides, An allusive framework to design a

construction project in a well-organized manner and supporting modifying of delays is proposed.

A detailed analysis has been carried out by considering a case study of Mumbai’s one of

prestigious project Santacruz Chembur Link Road (SCLR), the basis for the link road was initially

planned to initiate in September 2003, it inaugurated 2007. The Santacruz Chembur Link Road

was long delayed and took more than 11 years to complete the project successfully. The project

unexploited 12 deadlines meanwhile the actual deadline of Nov 2004 whereas the research

identified the important factors affecting the delays in the SCLR project and after starting the

association between aspects to develop the forecast models to measure the impact of the delay

factors exercise for a large infrastructure project.

Key Words: Road Project, Construction, Delay Analysis; Infrastructure; Santacruz Chembur Link Road


Prediction of Performance Parameters Based on Conventional Properties of Binder Japleen Singh1, Prabhjot Singh2, Tanuj Chopra3, Manpreet Singh4

12Students, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Punjab 34Assistant Professor, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Punjab


Asphalt material has been used for road construction and maintenance since the end of the

nineteenth century and is the most common material for quality road surfaces. The importance of

these is governed by physical, chemical properties. The bituminous binders used in road

construction are characterized by conventional tests as penetration, softening point, and breaking

point without characterizing the rheological properties. Rheological properties of bituminous

binders in terms of their complex modulus and overall resistance to deformation need to be

determined to better understand the performance of flexible pavements with change in traffic

conditions and temperature variations. These are tests, however are not easily available in the

Indian scenario. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a correlation between the

conventional test parameters such as penetration and softening point and the performance

parameters, namely G*/sinẟ, the rutting parameter and G*.sinẟ the fatigue parameter. The data

was collected from the intensive literature review. Regression analysis and Artificial Neural

Networks technique have been applied to develop the relationship. The proposed model would

help predict performance parameters based on conventional properties of the binder, where the

static and dynamic properties would be greatly emphasized.

Key Words: Asphalt, Rheology, Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, Prediction


An Empirical Study on Viability of Using Smart Contracts in Indian Built Environment

Vikas Prasad


The built environment comprises construction of a building, industrial and infrastructure projects

and circumvents different types of services and improvements as needed by the humans present in

this environment. Oxford describes built environment as “man-made structures, features, and

facilities viewed collectively as an environment in which people live and work”. A set of

activities in the built environment is accomplished by outsourcing work to a collaborative team

comprising client, contractors, architects, planners, consultants, vendors, suppliers, This varies

depending upon the size and complexity of the project or work. Latest MOSPI November 2020

statistics show 1671 Indian infrastructure projects worth INR 2.12 Million requires an anticipated

cost of INR 2.55 Million to complete, which is 20.49% up the original cost. The reasons cited for

this cost overrun include arbitration, change in scope, and contractual causes. Past research done

by the author suggests Distributed ledger technology (popularly known as Blockchain) based

smart contracts could be of immense use for such types of issues as it can be managed by self-

executable contracts in the form of computer programs that are indelible, immutable and secured.

Distributed ledger technology has proven its use in Insurance, Finance, Manufacturing and

Healthcare industry; but its use in built environment has always raised eyebrow of practitioners.

The major reason cited most commonly is its viability in an unorganized built environment.

Author has performed literature review on more than 30 research papers to claim that smart

contracts could be the best option in built environment to save project time and cost overrun. This

paper is a continuation of the literature review where the author has conducted a questionnaire

survey on use of smart contracts in the built environment. This research will help the readers

understand statistically about absorption of smart contracts in Indian built environment.

Key Words: Built Environment; Blockchain, Smart Contracts; Permissioned Blockchain; Permissionless Blockchain


Construction Site Layout Utilization Planning Using BIM Approach

Sharique D Desai 1, Umesh V Jadhav 2, R B Magar 3

1Student, AIKTC School of Engineering and Technology, Panvel

2Assistant Professor, AIKTC School of Engineering and Technology, Panvel 3Professor and Head of Department, AIKTC School of Engineering and Technology, Panvel


Construction site utilization planning is one of the most important and fundamental processes for

the successful completing of the construction project. It is often performed to find the best

arrangement of the various facilities on the construction site. This assignment ordinarily

comprises of recognizing the temporary facilities required, deciding their size and shape and

ideally situating different components inside the site limits. Proper arrangement of the building

site can help improve proficiency, productivity and safety as it will be the framework for the

construction site operations. It is important to realize that the site plan will be the condition that

the site personnel will live for the total duration of the project. BIM being an important tool, can

help in visualising and creating the site layout. This study is carried out to develop a framework

for construction site layout utilization planning and to provide an efficient site layout. For which a

proposed building is selected and model is prepared of the proposed building in BIM environment

using a tool such as Revit. The temporary facilities are modelled, and their positioning and sizing

is done and various material quantities are determined from the model. Parametric families of the

elements of site layout which are essential which are not readily available on site are created and

proper extent of various facilities and elements is done crane analysis and its positioning and

access to and from the site with the help of vehicular tracking is done and Site Layout is prepared.

Key Words: Building Information Model (BIM); Revit; Construction Site Visualization; Site Layout planning; Site Utilization Planning


COVID’19- Impact on Real Estate Sector in India: Pre and Post Pandemic Studies

Pavan Totla1, Devika Harikumar2


2Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

The viral epidemic has crippled several businesses. Consumers are hiding and demand is being

maintained to a bare minimum, the supply chain is disrupted, and many industries are suffering.

The impacts of the coronavirus epidemic are also affecting the real estate business. According to

prior data, house sales have not been this low since the 2008 economic downturn brought on by

the global financial crisis. To come up with a solution, the possible immediate and long-term

impacts on real estate firms should be studied. As a result, research should be conducted to

understand what is occurring in the real estate market. The influence of COVID'19 on the real

estate industry, particularly the housing sector, is examined in this study. The study focuses on the

Indian real estate industry and residential properties. Since this is an ongoing problem, it may

evolve. Data for the study were obtained from various sources, including academic papers, public

reports from various residential enterprises, consulting organizations, and media. These sources

were used to identify the parameters that have impacted the pandemic and compare them to the

pre and post-COVID periods. The research examines the condition and provides a feasible

strategy for dealing with it.

Key Words: COVID’19; Demand; Sales; Indian Real Estate; Residential Properties


A Case Study on Cost Overruns in Kochi Metro Rail Project

Bhaagyalakshmi S.1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune



Infrastructure is one of the most vital parts of a nation's growth both in the aspect of Economic

growth as well as for the development of citizens' standard of living. Lack of adequate

infrastructure not only holds back economic development but also causes additional costs in terms

of time, effort and money for accessing essential social services such as healthcare and education.

A well-developed transportation infrastructure helps a developing country get actively involved in

the global production network. India has been actively pursuing along this path and is developing

great transportation infrastructure throughout the country. A rapid transit system is a necessity in

a highly populated country like India. Currently, there are ten Metro rails being functional in

India. But like in any other construction activity, cost and schedule overruns are still a barrier to

being jumped over in Metro Rail Projects also. It's no different in the case of the Kochi Metro

Rail Project too. In this case study, we aim to analyze the cost overrun in Phase 1 of Kochi Metro

Rail Project.

Key Words: Infrastructure; Cost Overrun; Kochi Metro; Factors Causing Dela; RII Analysis


Traditional Sustainable Construction Practices: The Case of Raigad Fort

Vishal Kumawat1, Nirank Jadhav2, Shubham Shinde3, Saurabh Sonar4, Manish Pal5, Arpita

Mathur6



This Case study is about exploring ancient construction materials and construction practices that

are Sustainable in nature. For this case study, the area of interest was Raigad Fort which is located

in Mahad, district Raigad, Maharashtra. The fort has a very rich history and heritage hidden in it.

Construction of the fort is marvellous and techniques used in the olden days were our traditional

Indian techniques which have their own essence, but these techniques and practices have faded as

time passed. This case study is about learning from our own traditional sustainable techniques and

using them in our modern construction. As construction in India is growing at an immense speed,

we are damaging the environment equally. It is high time to bring sustainable construction into

picture. For data collection, we have interviewed engineers, architects and archeological experts

familiar with the fort and have been working on it. The conversations took place over video

conferencing and voice calls. We have obtained data through these calls and found that it is

possible to bring in sustainable practices into construction. Looking at the data available about our

own old traditional construction practices and techniques we can use some of those into our

modern construction and make it more sustainable and environment-friendly by replacing or

substituting conventional construction practices and materials. We have found some of the

practices from the case that can be implemented in our era, these practices and materials will

impact less on the environment making it more eco-friendly and even economical. Suppose we

are not able to implement the whole of the old traditional practices; In that case, we can pick up

some of them and apply it to our conventional construction practices so that it will make a

difference in bringing sustainable and our own traditional techniques, practices, materials back

into picture. Though it will become a need if we look at the consumption rate of the construction

industry at current date, we should consider sustainable construction practices as a matter of

interest.

Key Words: Sustainable Construction; Hybrid Construction; Traditional Construction; Environment; Raigad Fort


Comparison Between Metro & BRTS Projects in India on Key Planning and Development Factors

Jigar Shah1, Vaibhav Jain2, Ashish Ravisankar 3, Nagarjuna Pilaka4



India has been developing at a rapid pace in the past two decades, particularly on the infra

development front. Public transport systems across various cities have faced challenges despite

various measures being initiated by various governments, be it local, state, or central. The

exponential growth in population over the years is one of the leading factors for the dismal

performance of public transit systems. The national urban transport Policy advocated the usage of

mass transport systems and recommended Metros and BRTS projects to match with growing

urban travel needs. Following this, several cities have successfully launched both Metro and BRT

projects and are doing pretty well. But at the same time, the Metro projects seem to gain a lot of

popularity while the contemporary one, BRTS, appears to have lost its steam in many cities. This

is quite an interesting case of contrast differences across these two sectors. This research’s key

focus is to study common factors related to the planning and development of the projects and be

informed about a comprehensive differentiation in handling the programs. This study is expected

to help out to make out where the system is going, not at par, if at all.

Key Words: Metro; BRTS; Operation; Analyse; Public


A Case Study on Lucknow Metro: An Efficient Transportation

Prashant Mishra1, Jonardan Koner2 1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune



India has recently made significant investments in public transit services in order to fuel urban

infrastructure development in India. A significant portion of the investment would go into

expanding India's metro rail system. It not only alters the traffic flow pattern, but it is also an

efficient and smart way of using the land. Various studies have already shown this. Also, such

projects draw construction investors. The launch of the Lucknow metro is expected to have a

significant impact on the existing urban transport system and traffic, especially along the metro

corridor. This necessitates a shift in activity patterns and land-use transformations in areas where

construction already occurs. According to preliminary data, demand for commercial properties is

increasing parallelly with the development of the metro network, rising land prices in the area

introducing positive land-use improvements that will generate revenue for the government in a

variety of ways. However, historical evidence indicates that such scenarios result in more

unplanned development. Furthermore, there are many ways in which the metro impacts

environmental, climatic, fiscal, and psychological changes in society. As a result, this research

aims to paint an image of all the positive effects brought about by the launch of metro rail in

Lucknow.

Key Words: Metro Rail System; Metro Corridor; LMRC; Cost; Impact


Comparative Study of Traditional Contracts and Smart Contracts Implemented under Blockchain Technology

in Indian CRIP Sector Nikita Jadhav1, Shiva Subramanian2, Deepshikha Singh3, Sudeshna Chakraborty4


This paper aims to study and compare the traditional contracts and smart contracts implemented

under blockchain technology. As we are very well known about the importance of contracts in

any sector, including the CRIP sector. The contract provides important protection for Main

Contractors, Subcontractors and Building Employers and is vital in preventing disputes during the

project implementation. This paper includes a complete study of all the aspects of contracts,

including the advantages, disadvantages, and legal aspects of contracts with respect to the Indian

Contract Act, 1872. Blockchain Technology is one of the latest technologies in this era. There is

no denying the fact that blockchain can change the country’s economy, with its characteristics of

immutability, transparency, anonymity, decentralization and security. Blockchain, as every other

technology, is created to reduce an individual’s effort and increase the role of technology to

amplify the efficiency for the concerned task. Being advanced countries like India in

digitalization, are still lagging behind in adapting smart contracts. This paper explains why there

is a need to implement smart contracts in the CRIP sector and to what extent the smart contracts

can practically be implemented in India, replacing the traditional contracting method after the

current 2020 pandemic.

Key Words: Blockchain Technology, Traditional Contracts, Smart Contracts, CRIP Sector, Indian Contract Act (1872), Post pandemic 2020


Optimisation of River Linking-A case study of Linking Ken and Betwa Rivers

Rajesh Kumar Jain1, Rajesh Goyal2, Dulal Goldar3

1Research Scholar and Chief Engineer, Lingaya Vidyapeeth, New Delhi 2Professor and Dean, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Delhi

3Professor, Lingaya Vidyapeeth, New Delhi Email: [email protected]

The Ken-Betwa Link Project Interlinking of River Programme of India is first Priority Project

under river Interlinking Project of India. It has been included as National Project and forms part

of Prime Minister’s Bundelkhand package. The KBLP is a multipurpose project with irrigation,

hydropower and water supply benefits to the drought-prone areas of Bundelkhand region of

Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The various projects in the upper Betwa basin are feasible by

way of substitution. The work is aimed to conduct a critical analysis of project benefits, Irrigated

area, the quantum of water to be transferred success role of Project and enhancement of benefits

water conductor system under both phasesas micro-irrigation is one of the key solutions to ensure

efficient use of water. It is attempted to review the command area and irrigation methodology and

visualize the impact of replacing traditional irrigation with micro -irrigation in the command area

and its impact on Project cost, Project benefits and economic analysis. Similarly, Project success

role for the quantum of water transfer and water conductor system has been examined and

suggestions for better practices attempted. The analysis indicates that in the ultimate scenario, the

Project Benefit-Cost ratio increases from 1.462 to 2.320. Similarly, the internal rate of return from

11.59 to 15.71. The analysis with an increase in agricultural production from 10% to 36% was

done and found to enhance the Benefit-Cost ratio from 1.462 to 2.54. The replacement of canal

with pipeline indicates a reduction of land required by 2492 ha. with cost 855 crores.

Key Words: Frist ILR Project; Critical Analysis; Command Area; Micro Irrigation; Project Success Role


Financial Feasibility Analysis of Robotic Equipments on Selected Activities of High-Rise Construction

Jai Sai Tenepalli

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

The purpose of this paper is to explain how to evaluate the financial feasibility analysis of robotic

equipment on selected activities oh high rise construction. The selected activities were brickwork,

plastering and reinforcement. Analysis was done by comparing the cost-effectiveness to manual

labour. The methods were used to assess efficiency such as value estimation, payback duration,

and return on investment. The findings of clearly state that the uses of robotic equipment

effectively reduce time, rework, materials, and cost for a variety of tasks. Inexperienced

construction managers/Site Engineers may comprehend and implement if robotic equipment

should be substituted in lieu of labour for a given activity by applying this way of analysis in real-

time construction of high-rise projects

Key Words: Robotic Equipment’s; Efficiency; Value Estimation; Payback Duration; Return on Investment


Delay Analysis in Infrastructure Projects A Case Study of Delay Analysis on New Pune Airport

Priyanshi Patidar1, Jonardan Koner2



This study identifies the causes of delays in airport projects. Pune is a developing city and has

further infrastructure development, technological advancements, employment opportunities, and

as a growing IT hub, it requires more domestic and international connectivity. The existing Pune

Airport is Military airbase and also serves to passenger. The study involved analysis on causes of

delay of various airport projects and intended to identify the various factors that could potentially

contribute to delay of projects and possible methods of resolving the conflicts that have been

aroused. The greenfield projects require a lot of land acquisition, site location, design approvals

and finance management. Various studies from developed and developing countries have been

done on different airport projects; The study revealed that most likely delays that occurred in

infrastructure projects are due to land acquisition issues in greenfield projects resulting in the non-

commencement of the project, delays due to design modifications, environmental clearance and

various approvals from different authorities, and in India it has been identified that most likely

airport projects got delayed due to privatization and political issues. This research discusses about

the mitigation strategies which have been adopted to complete the project on time.

Key Words: Greenfield Development; Land Acquisition; Privatization; Mitigation Strategies; Developed and Developing Countries etc.


A Decision Tree Based Model for Predicting the Value of Homes in Boston Using the ‘R’ Tool

Sameer Jain1, Sachin Jain2 12Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


In the construction industry, analytics has modified the underlying trend of data processing and

forecasting. It can derive actionable insights in the industry from massive amounts of data that are

produced on a regular basis. In industry, a large amount of structured and unstructured data is

generated, and using this data, we could assist a company in making a game-changing decision.

Senior management is eager to take advantage of vast amounts of historical real estate data in

order to gain insights into different facets of this burgeoning industry. Land size, distance,

location, crime rate, age etc. are all variables to consider. Researchers will use the Boston

Housing dataset, which was compiled by the US Census Service and includes data on housing in

Boston, Massachusetts. The dataset contains 506 cases and 13 attributes. This paper aims to

develop a decision tree-based model for predicting home values in Boston.

Key Words: Analytics; R; Real Estate; Decision Tree; Boston


Study on Tendering Phase for Successful Completion of Construction Project

Samudrala Sampath Kumar1, Shaik Siraj Ahmed2, Shaik Khaja3, Ravindranadh Chowdary Kamma4

123Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad 4Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


Construction companies or contractors take up projects from prospective clients through the

formal tendering procedures. Selecting the right contractors is key for the successful completing

of the construction project. Even though clients use technical and financial evaluation for

selecting the right contractor, still more than 90% of the construction projects have time and cost

overruns in India. Many studies were conducted to address the issues of project completion at the

post-award phase of the project. Hence, this study attempted to identify the factors associated

with the tendering process towards the successful completion of construction projects. Initially, a

comprehensive literature review from various sources was made to identify the factors

influencing the successful project completion. A questionnaire survey was distributed among

construction professionals to identify the importance, frequency and severity indexes of the

factors. The data collected through a questionnaire survey is analysed using SPSS software to

identify the key factors that affect the successful completion of construction projects.

Key Words: Tendering; Construction; Project Success; Contractor; Client


A Case Study on Cost Overruns in Madhya Pradesh Metro Rail Project Swetlana Chandra1, Jonardan Koner2



Every city is facing population growth in India. To meet future urban traffic, existing

transportation facilities need to be improved. Not only does it reduce the waiting time but it also

helps the city to develop economically and ensures safe and eco-friendly travel for citizens. From

the past few years there is rapid real estate construction happening in Madhya Pradesh cities,

among which Indore and Bhopal stands prominent. The population growth rate is 2.44% in both

the cities, making it necessary for the government to construct metro rail project. To make Bhopal

and Indore count among metropolitan cities of India, infrastructure development is highly an

essential part. As its construction is at the very initial stage, taking every possible step to avoid

cost overruns becomes important and challenging. Like any other metro rail project in India,

which have faced cost overruns at various stages of construction which MP metro rail corporate is

trying to avoid it. Through this case study we would know the challenges that government and

many stakeholders involved are facing and finding a sustainable way to avoid delays.

Key Words: Transportation; Cost overrun; Metro rail; Delays


Assessing the Air Quality of Pune Using Unsupervised Classification Technique

Yash Parekh1, Mohit Keswani2, Sagar Dama3, Nishita Bhudhrani4, Abhijat Arun Abhyankar5 1234Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


In the present study, the multivariate, unsupervised classification technique, K-Means Clustering

Method, is used to classify air monitoring stations of Pune in Good, Moderate and Poor. The

study considers three air quality parameters namely, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx), and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM). The secondary air quality data was

obtained from Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) website. The three air pollutants

were measured at five different stations/locations in Pune during 2013 and 2018. Past literature

has demonstrated the use of the indexing method in air quality monitoring. It is wellknown fact

that the indexing method has inherent limitations. The Cluster analysis was performed in SPSS

software version 18.0.2, statistical software developed by IBM. After comparing the results of

Cluster Analysis with Air Quality Index method, the Clustering approach showed an accuracy of

92.6% and 88.89% for the years 2013 and 2018 respectively. The research finding clearly depicts

that the clustering approach results are comparable with the indexing approach, and in future, it

can play a pivotal role in air quality monitoring.

Key Words: Air Quality Index; Air Quality Parameters; Air Quality Monitoring Stations; K-

Means Clustering Method; Pune


Modified Bitumen: A Review Gandage Abhijeet Siddappa


Bitumen binders are widely used pavement construction material. They are sourced from

distillation process of crude petroleum. It is a natural occurring hydrocarbon material origin found

in solid, semi-solid or liquid state and soluble in carbon di-sulphide and carbon tetrachloride.

Bitumen adopted for road and airfield construction is termed as paving grade bitumen, while

applied for water proofing applications is termed as industrial grade bitumen. The viscosity of

paving grade bitumen is temperature sensitive and hence impacts service performance of

bituminous pavements. Modified bitumen improves temperature susceptibility of bituminous

pavements by influencing the visco-elastic properties of the binder. This paper presents a review

of various modifiers used in bituminous mixes, their impact on properties of bituminous binders

and applications of the modified bitumen.

Key Words: Bitumen; Modified Bitumen; Pavement; Temperature


Construction Waste Management : Sustainable Pervious Concrete Using Debris

Hamza Zamindar1, Junaid Sidiqui2, Fauwaz Parkar 3 1Research Graduate, AIKTC, Panvel, Maharashtra

2Guide, Assistant Professor, AIKTC, Panvel, Maharashtra 3Co Guide, Assistant Professor, AIKTC, Panvel, Maharashtra


Construction and Demolition waste management is a keen and important branch of solid waste

management, which deals with all type of solid waste management such as Institutional,

industrial, Commercial, Residential, Construction and Demolition (C&DW), Municipal services,

Agriculture Process (manufacturing etc.). The Majority of building waste is made up of materials

such as bricks, concrete, and wood damaged or unused for various reasons during the construction

process. Talking with context to the construction waste here, a major part of the construction

waste is composed of Malba i.e. Debris. The debris is mostly unprocessed waste generated at

construction sites which ultimately leads to landfilling deposition sites causing the clogging of

landfill area, decreasing its efficiency and causes to lose the fertility of soil and making it

completely unfit for natural habitats. There is the potential to recycle many elements of

construction waste. Debris can be crushed and reused in construction projects as a recyclable

material. This study will help us to understand the techniques to manage the construction waste

by recycling it and even evolve techniques to make pervious concrete out of construction debris,

since there is a need for a complete rethinking of “waste” – to analyse if waste is indeed a waste.

In this study, it was observed despite the reduction in strength, debris can be used for pathways

and walkways etc, and a reduction in cost was also observed if pervious concrete made up of

debris is utilize in pathways, or garden walkways etc, instead of paver blocks.

Key Words: Demolition Waste; Recycled Aggregates; Debris; Construction Waste


A Case Study on Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP)

Jonardan Koner1, Avinash Purandare2 1Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of Construction Management and

Research, Pune 2Senior Associate Professor and Head MFOCM, National Institute of Construction Management and

Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Central Government of India has notified ‘Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products

(RoDTEP)’ scheme guidelines and rates on 17th August 2021. Scheme to boost India’s exports &

competitiveness sectors like Marine, Agriculture, Leather, Gems & Jewellery, Automobile,

Plastics, Electrical / Electronics, Machinery get the benefits of Scheme. The Government is

leaving no stone unturned to support domestic industry and make it more competitive in the

international markets. Export centric industries are being reformed and introduced to better

mechanisms so as to increase their competitiveness, boost exports, generate employment and

contribute to the overall economy. This will go a long way in achieving our vision of building an

Aatmanirbhar Bharat. Remission of duties and taxes on exported products (RoDTEP) is one such

reform, based on the globally accepted principle that taxes and duties should not be exported, and

taxes and levies borne on the exported products should be either exempted or remitted to

exporters. RoDTEP support will be available to eligible exporters at a notified rate as a

percentage of ‘Freight On Board (FOB)’ value. Rebate on certain export products will also be

subject to a value cap per unit of the exported product. The scheme is to be implemented by

Customs through a simplified IT System. Employment oriented sectors like Marine, Agriculture,

Leather, Gems & Jewellery etc. are covered under the scheme. Other sectors like Automobile,

Plastics, Electrical / Electronics, Machinery etc. also get support. The entire valve chain of

textiles also gets covered through RoDTEP & RoSCTL. The rebate under the Scheme shall not be

available in respect of duties and taxes already exempted or remitted or credited. The objective of

the case study is to analyse the policy RoDTEP critically.

Key Words: Remission of Duties; Exported Products; Freight on Board; Export Centric

Industries and Competitiveness


Development Banks and Industrial Growth in India: A Revisit

Jonardan Koner1, Bedabrata Bhadury2 1Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Ph.D. Research Scholar, IMS Business School, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology,

Kolkata Email: [email protected]

During economic growth, industrialization is considered the most important objective by almost

all developing countries. During Indian planning era, when industrialization was given priority

then the need for a huge amount of medium and long-term financial assistance was felt. Small and

medium-term loans extended by the commercial banks, and the existing financial institutions

were not adequate to meet the increasing requirements of the industry and hence need for

development banks were felt. The paper examines the role of development banks in industrial

development in India. In order to have a comprehensive view of the financial assistance by the

development banks contributing towards industrial development of selected industries in India

over time, panel regression technique to incorporate both the cross- sectional and time

dimensions. The study reveals that most development banks have played a significant role in the

growth of industries in India.

Key Words: Panel Regression Technique, Fixed Effect Dummy Variable Model, Financial

Assistance Sanctioned, Financial Assistance Disbursed


High Technologies for Techno-Savvy Construction Industry: A Review

Sachin Jain1, Sameer Jain2 12Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the construction industry is facing a crisis and many restrictions are

imposed by Government which is required to be followed. Also there is labor shortage as workers

have migrated back to their home towns. Construction industry has to consider safety of workers

in addition to social distancing. Hence post Covid-19 use of technology can help to solve such

issues resulting in improved performance of construction industry. In this paper, authors try to

explore various high technologies which can help construction industry to become techno-savvy.

The paper discusses regarding combination of technologies to help construction in various phases

i.e. pre-construction, during construction and post construction. This paper explores many

techniques like Drones, BIM, IoT, AI, RFID, GPS, Big data, sensors, etc. useful in all phases of

construction.

Key Words: Covid-19; Construction Industry; High Technology


Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Infrastructure in Smart Cities Disaster Management

Vishakha Narendra Naik1, Shilpa Kewate2 12Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.


Cities with adequate intellectual resources, formal institutions, and developed infrastructure are

called smart cities. Natural disasters have a significant impact on human society's long-term

development. This paper reports on a study of flood problems in India and future requirements.

The study of the causes of common natural disasters teaches us a valuable lesson in hazard

prevention and management. The preliminary investigation and sustainable perspective analysis

will be used to adapt to climate change and prevent natural disasters in the future. The global

impact of urbanisation is enormous. Cities are rapidly urbanising, which has a significant

environmental impact. This creates a number of potential dangers, one of which is flooding. The

management of urban floods has evolved into a basic requirement for any infrastructure

development. The frequency of flash floods is growing by the day. Cities and infrastructure have

already been built, making a new construction strategy difficult to specify. As a result, in this

situation, intelligent disaster management will be advantageous. The study's goals were to

determine the use of AI and IoT for disaster management control and prevention, and identify

techniques that could be proposed as part of a disaster management plan. Conduct a literature

review to help with IoT (Internet of Things) and AI understanding and implementation (Artificial

Intelligence).

Key Words: Artificial Intelligence; Cities; Urban Flood; Flood Risk; Flood Management


Productive Supply Chain Management of Construction & Demolition Wastes

Aanchal1, Gowtham Vetrivel2, Janit Sharma3, Souptik Rakshit4 1234Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Urbanization in India is going on at an unprecedented pace with massive infrastructural

developments. This rapid pace of urbanization has led to the expansion of cities, but we forgot to

pay heed to the tonnes of waste that got generated and accumulated. Over 150 million tonnes of

Construction and Demolition(C&D) waste is being generated annually in India, while not even

1% of it is being recycled. The unofficial data reveal that the actual waste generation is 3-5 times

what the government reports reveal. While we have no robust system to manage this waste, on the

other hand, the ones who want to help curb over this problem are not being benefitted by any

means. The main problem lies with the fact that, non- availability of properly segregated waste to

the recycling plants which hinders its reuse. This solid waste dumping without segregation gets

accumulated in the environment, and mixes with other wastes and prevents their proper

decomposition. Though initiatives have been taken to curb over this problem, lack of proper

supply chain management to provide the segregated solid wastes have been a curse. Dedicated

Construction & Demolition waste recycling plant have been setup; but lack of public support,

rapport towards recycled materials, lack of push from the government and lack of initiative by

one’s self have resulted in failure of these initiatives. Hence, our main focus is on building a

network for collection of waste from source, proper segregation and supply of this waste to

dedicated plants, which can help in using this waste till its full potential is met by using the latest

available technological tools to know the day-to-day availability of Construction & Demolition

waste.

Key Words: Construction and Demolition Waste(C&D); Solid Waste Management; Recycling

and Supply Chain Management; Segregation; Recycled Materials


Performance of Construction by Lean Techniques in Project Management Vinit Nityanand Jadhav1, Shilpa Kewate2

12Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected]

This examination aims to evaluate the practical use of a few lean construction methods, especially

virtually all the tools that might be employed in moderate sizing construction companies. Due to

the outcomes of the lean production procedure for creation, the structure industry has brought lean

techniques to get rid of waste in addition to improving revenue. This particular evaluation comes

with a historical past of the evolution of concepts as well as output methods with the structure

sector via the standard techniques to existing lean manufacturing. The variants within production

concepts, the boundaries of theirs, as well as the impacts of theirs within the building business,

might additionally be evaluated. An area analysis is carried out to look at the practical use of a

few lean construction techniques such as for instance final planner, enhanced visualization, daily

huddle conferences, very first operate accounts, the 5s process, and also be unsuccessful protected

for successful project managing as well as site implementation. The info compilation methods

included immediate observations, interviews, questionnaires, as well as documentary evaluation.

The practical use of lean construction equipment is examined through the lean implementation

measurement standard format & general performance requirements. Outcomes confirmed that

utilizing lean construction reduced the number of phases within the whole project by 57 %. The

non-value more decreased from 81 % to 14 % inside the duration of the project. The entire cycle

time over the project was decreased by 75 %.

Key Words: Lean Construction; Construction Project Management; Last Planner;

Implementation Framework


A Study on Data to Decision - Transforming Indian Real Estate

Hemangi S Salunke1, Jonardan Koner2

1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Senior Professor and Dean Research & Publications, National Institute of Construction

Management and Research, Pune Email: [email protected]

Real estate market is evolving rapidly being the second-highest employment generator in the

country after agriculture. The sector accounts for 6-7 percent of the economy and is interlinked to

as many as 250 allied sectors. By 2025, the sector is expected to account for 13 per cent of the

nation’s economy. With assessments of risks to analysis of evolving trends, and timely execution

of all the needed reforms, it could become a major wealth creator in the nation. While smart data

analytics is giving overseas real estate stakeholders more insight into the factors impacting

property performance than ever before , one is now able to anticipate property success more

accurately with abundant information available. Across nearly every industry, data science is

helping drive better decision-making. Within real estate, the use of data enlightens financial

decision-making through the use of econometrics—the quantitative analysis of economic data.

Applying econometrics in real estate development is not a simple task as the industry involves a

wide variety of complex tasks, critical goals, and data sources. But if used effectively by

stakeholders, they can leverage the combination of intuition and traditional, retrospective data to

develop better strategies and forecasts for the market. However, optimization of data remains

meagre in the nation leaving significant opportunities yet to be explored. Investment in data

infrastructure, networks and analytics is a must for stakeholders for years to come. The more

accurate, up to date and granular the data becomes, the more predictive it will be when it comes to

determining management of the asset. The purpose of this research is to study the use of data

science in real estate different (mostly statistical) models of data science application to real estate,

impact of data science on the sector, use of data science for the Digital India Land Records

Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) and use of data analytics in real estate in fields like

property management / asset management , etc.

Key words: Data Science; Statistical Models; DILRMP, Property Management; Asset

Management


What’s Delaying the Metro Rail Projects of India? Sanchit Jadhav¹, Gollu Vamsi Krishna², Poulomee Ghosh³, Shivaswaroop D O4,



Rapid urbanisation in India calls for transportation solutions like urban metro rail projects.

However, multiple metro projects that are being implemented in Indian cities suffer from a

various issue that affect performance in terms of deadlines, project cost as well as construction

quality. This research has prioritised the parameters of time and cost overrun based on the likely

severity through expert’s questionnaire survey. Relative Importance Index (RII) of collected

responses were computed and analysed. The results show that for time overrun the top 3 critical

factors were, Land Acquisition, Change in Government/Policies/Regulations and Force Majeure

and similarly the top 3 critical factors for cost overrun were, Time Overrun of the project leading

to increase in cost, Change in Government/Policies/Regulations, Force Majeure are some of the

critical factors of cost overruns. Mitigating these risks through proper life cycle contract

management and risk allocation would facilitate timely completion of the metro projects with

justified value for money to the government.

Key Words: Urban Metro Rail Projects; Time Overrun; Cost Overrun; Critical Factors;

Relative Importance Index (RII)


A Study of the Relation of the Age of the Home-Buyer to the Type of the House Purchased by Them, in Pune

City

Deepak Sundrani


The purpose of this paper is to find out if there is any relation between the age of the home-buyers

and the type of house (1BHK/ 2 BHK/ 3 BHK) that they buy, in Pune city. The survey method is

applied to conduct the study. The survey of 400 home-buyers conducted who have recently

purchased a new flat/ apartment in the out-skirts (beyond 8 kilometres radius from centre of the

city but within the Municipal Corporation limits) of Pune city, the finding of this study reveals

that there is a relation between the age of the home-buyers and the type of house they buy. This

research is relevant in present context. Although there is some research in the various aspects of

real estate, yet no researcher has done a study of the relation of the age of home-buyers and the

type of the house that they buy. The findings of the study will be useful for Real Estate firms (and

the students of the faculty of Management who want to join the Real Estate sector) as they can

come to know the particular age group they should target for the type of flats/ apartments that

they are constructing in their projects.

Key Words: Age of Home-Buyer; Type of House; 1 BHK; 2 BHK; 3 BHK


Study and Analysis of Various Quality Management Tools in Construction Industry

Seshadri Sekhar Tirumala1, Ram Babu Mukkamala2 1Professor and Dean, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad 2Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


Construction is the backbone of a nation’s development. Improving the quality of construction

projects is imperative to the growth of the construction industry. Quality is one of the most

important factors in the success of construction projects. Improving the quality of construction

projects is linked to quality management throughout the project life cycle. The organisations used

quality tools to develop their processes and gain customer satisfaction. The primary goal of this

paper is to raise quality standards in the construction industry by employing the seven basic

quality control tools. Such tools are extremely important and are used in industries all over the

world for continuous improvement. The seven basic quality tools are Check Sheet, Histogram,

Pareto Chart, Fishbone Diagram, Control Chart, Flowchart, and Scatter Diagram.. They were put

in place in various steps of the process to define problems, measure their impacts, identify root

causes, and solve these problems to ensure the production of the non-defective item; the study

demonstrates how the seven basic quality tools are extremely useful and efficient in detecting and

eliminating defects in the construction process. The study of Pareto charts Histogram, Control

Charts and Fishbone Diagrams was conducted on a G+2 residential building located in

Hyderabad, with the total plan area of the building being 1723 sq. Ft and performed Time, Cost

and Quality Analysis.

Key Words: Construction; Quality Management; Development; Project Life Cycle; Design and

Construction Phase


Enhancing Construction Safety for Indian Construction – A Review

Priyanka Kale1, Jyoti Gupta2, Jeremiah Malle3, Snehlata Yadav4, Sagar Malsane5



In the Indian context, construction activities are taking place aggressively; however such

aggressiveness also makes stakeholders to undermine hazard related dangers. The rising number

of injuries and deaths indicate the same and stakeholders have a responsibility to improve the

Health & Safety (H&S) record. Due to the rising number of accidents and hazardous nature,

stakeholders are on a look out for various solutions to improve the safety record. One of the

possible solutions is to make use of Building Information Modell (BIM) as a multi-Dimensional

model-based process. In recent years, the awareness and the usage of BIM has surged in the

construction industry. However, BIMs utilization has been mainly associated with improvement

in visualization, drawing generation, clash detection and project scheduling etc. Moreover, the

major uses of BIM applications have been applied to maximizing effectiveness and cost savings

by efficient productivity. However, it is not yet evident that whether BIM can also influence and

improve the construction safety. This research study focuses on to enhance the H&S management

in construction projects through BIM usage. Authors began with literature review to discover

BIM implementation in safety management. In relation to safety aspect, various areas were

identified which needed to improve based on a questionnaire survey and then in response to that a

framework was developed which can help to improve the safety standards keeping in mind all

stages from design development to operation and management of a construction project.

Key Words: Accidents; Construction Health & Safety; Building Information Model;

Construction safety management; Hazards Identification


Business Strategies and Performance of Real Estate Companies during Recession Period in Bengaluru

Region Avinash Purandare1, Saloni Shah2, Kshitija Bhoir3, Nishant Pandit4, Pooja Panicker5

1Senior Associate Professor and Head MFOCM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


The construction sector is one of the major contributors to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and

real estate plays a major role in it. The growth of this sector is majorly affected by the economic

conditions of the country or the market. A recession has a great impact on various sectors of the

country. Real estate is one of the major sectors that gets affected by it. The recession of 2008, the

demonetization policy of 2019, and COVID -19 had a major impact on the growth of the real

estate market in India. These events had a major impact on the performance of real estate firms. It

is important to devise various strategies to sustain the organization in today’s market situation.

This study is aimed at studying the behavior of the real estate sector during a market downturn or

a recession in Bengaluru region. The impact of the recession on real estate organizations is to be

studied to obtain further knowledge about the aftermath of the various events that led to a

recession which will help to analyze the performance of the organization. Various case studies of

real estate companies will be studied to analyze their behavior during these events, study various

strategies applied by the organizations to tackle the challenges caused by the recession period. A

comparative analysis is to be prepared based on various parameters linked to the challenges faced

by the organization and the counter strategies used by that organization.

Key Words: Recession; Real Estate Sector; Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Challenges;

Strategy


Barriers in Synergistic Implementation of BIM, Lean and IPD

Akanksha Gawhade¹, Abhishek Choudhary², Nadir Hayat³, Achala Ramtekkar4, Aditya Bokade5, Abhishek Shrivas6



Over the years it has been seen that the Construction industry has had a comparatively low

increase in efficiency. The recent development of Building Information Modelling (BIM), Lean

Processes and Integrated project Delivery (IPD) tools or techniques has significantly shown

improvements in the efficiency rates in construction. These concepts when individually being

applied show a better approach towards increasing the benefits of the projects. Because of their

correlation and overlapping benefits, it has been thought that when applied together may improve

the efficiency in a greater way than them being applied individually. This study looks at the

synergy that is possible due to the overlapping benefits in applying BIM, Lean processes and IPD

tools or techniques. The study is a mixed approach analysis aimed at understanding BIM, Lean,

IPD and their overlaps. The Literature study has been done to find out the past studies that have

been done in this area. The studies show that when these concepts are combined, leads to better

growth but in the process face many challenges and barriers. However, it does remain a fact that

given the challenges confronting the construction industry, implementation of these is no longer a

matter of choice but of vital importance. This paper has made an effort to show the synergistic

approach towards these techniques and finding out the implementations of these by practitioners.

Key Words: BIM; LEAN; IPD; Synergy; Construction Industry


Buffer Sizing in Critical Chain Project Management using Forecasting Methods

Milind Jagtap


Buffer sizing is a pivotal element for the success of critical chain project management (CCPM)

methodology in construction projects. Buffer sizing plays a significant role in arriving at

competitive project durations. This study introduces forecasting techniques of statistics such as

Simple Moving average Method (SMA), Weighted Moving average Method (WMA) &

Exponential Smoothing Method (ESM) as the potential buffer sizing methods. The thought

process of introducing forecasting techniques in buffer sizing has a multifold reasoning. The

demand of buffer support for a project activity is a function of the duration of an activity, the

buffer requirement of a given activity is the function of the number of predecessor activity, and

complexity & uncertainty involved in a project, which are not normally captured in regular buffer

sizing methods. The buffers were evaluated using the sufficient number of project networks with

varying network complexity. It is found that the forecasting methods SMA and WMA yield the

buffer sizes which are comparable to the existing Cut and paste Method, while ESM yield buffer

sizes which are realistic enough to cover the contingencies required in construction projects. This

study has the implications for the implementation of CCPM in construction projects.

Key Words: Buffer Size; Forecasting Methods; Construction Projects; Project Network


Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Construction Sector - A

Review Sudarsan J S1, Sandeep Nayak H2, Samay Ajay Kale3



India's construction industry is a leading indication of growth, generating significant investment

possibilities in a variety of allied industries with the contribution of over 2,593.57 trillion Indian

rupees to the national Gross Domestic Product [GDP] in the fourth quarter of 2019, In the early

2020 [22nd March 2020] the Government of India has enforced a lockdown to curtail the spread

of COVID pandemic, limiting the gathering of individuals and social events throughout the

country, This hit the construction sector rapidly, decreasing the GDP by about 50%. Being a

major sector contributing to the development of the nation, the employees associated with it had

to adopt new regulations to work onsite safely. The existing Health Safety and Environment

regulations, standards and literature are set pre pandemic and needs though rough review in order

to change to the present and post pandemic situation. In this research paper a case study with

respect to the impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Safety and Environment (HSE) of the

Construction Sector at Maharashtra State using Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review

[SQRRR] technique is conducted. This technique helped the research in collection of data without

being onsite. As a result, the assessment of the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on HSE among the

construction workers is done. Based on the study of the impact, suitable suggestions and Safety

Operation Protocol (SOP’s) to be followed in construction project site to safe guard the workers

from the pandemic impact is highlighted. These kinds of studies are mandatory to create

awareness among the workers and will enable to improvise the HSE in the project activity of

construction sector.

Key Words: COVID-19; HSE; Construction Workers; Construction Industry; Health and Safety


Green Initiative towards Ecosystem Restoration in Pile Foundation at Infra-Projects

Ayanesh Maiti1, Amal Bhattacharya2

1Manger, Larsen and Toubro Construction Limited, Chennai 2General manger, Tata Projects Limited, Pune


This discussion shall focus on the pile foundations belongs to the category of drilled shafts (DS)

or bore pile (BP) which are subjected to massive load in the range of 1000 ton or above. The

installation of such piles is resource-intensive and subjected to strict technical qualification

criteria. In the purview of such qualifying criteria, the discussions shall narrate to optimize the net

resultant carbon footprint of the resources and all initiatives towards ecosystem restoration. In the

first step, this discussion shall focus on the detrimental effects towards the eco-system, during the

execution of such piling installation. The operational effects are summarized and quantified to

ascertain the degree of severity. The quantifications are expressed in matrix format and assigned

to a numerical value presenting the severity value. Continued in the next step different feasible

control measures are assigned to each of the operations or activities to lower down the severity

index. It is worthwhile to mention that the increment of the load bearing capacity of the pile

associated with the soil parameter increases the severity in an exponential manner. The design,

proof testing of pile (simulation) also contributes to the addition of severity. It also focuses on the

mandates of detail procedure and management to optimize the severity in terms of detrimental

process emissions, resource consumptions. In the recent largescale infrastructure projects (Mega

projects) in India, contractors have been controlling the system in visionary pattern through

Environment Management System (EMS), Integrated Management System (IMS), etc. as per

ISO:14001. Irrespectively, this discussion emphasizes that, there is an urgent need of mandatory

codification in line to optimize the ecological impact resulted from the pile installation work and

other infrastructure installation work too. This discussion also implies the importance of

quantative framework, through which the principal performer would be accountable.

Key Words: Bore-Pile; Drilled Shaft; Ecosystem; Severity; Carbon Footprint


Application of Business Intelligence Tools for Stakeholder Management System in Construction

Nishant Meshram 1, Ujan Sengupta2, Shubham Upadhyay3 Mimansa Banchhor4



Business Intelligence is an evaluation of data to gather, study and imaging in Dashboards reports.

BI can help in project management and stakeholder management for the lifecycle of project.

Since, Building Information Modelling can be thought as advancement in the field of

Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Operation and Maintenance for smooth transition in

CAD to BIM Models. BIM holds the capability of changing the efficiency of the sector with its

varied features like 2D to 7D. In this experimental study, we are focused to generate a dashboard

using Microsoft Power BI and Excel. A BIM model of a 2BHK flat is being evaluated. We have

compared time estimation using AutoCAD along with Excel and Revit. GBS studio is being used

in this study to determine the building performance and also to optimize the energy efficiency of

our BIM model. Comparing the Microsoft Excel and Power BI Dashboards for the visualization

of reports.

Key Words: Business Intelligence; Building Information Modelling; Dimension; Green Building

Studio


Study on Changing Dynamics of MSMEs in Construction Sector

Rahul Goel1, Sarbesh Mishra2

1Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, GIET University, Gunupur, India 2Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


MSME has been a major contributor to the economic development of the country. Ranging from

employment generation to innovation and entrepreneurship, MSME has contributed in every

sector and in every industry. It is considered to be a major tool of economic development of the

country. Construction sector contributes 10% to the country’s GDP and is one of the largest

employment generators of the country. A major part of construction work is generally outsourced

to MSME through subcontractors for their specialized services. This has become a norm and is

probably the need of the hour. However the growth of MSMEs in this sector would depend on the

government's propensity to ensure timely execution of various projects proposed for the

development of infrastructure of the country. MSMEs recorded an increase in their average

annual turnover but decline in growth from 2011–12 to till date. Growth figures are remaining

sluggish owing to lower order backlog and slow pace of project execution. COVID-19 pandemic

forced the entire nation into a long lockdown bringing all economic activities to stand still. The

effect was enormous on the MSME in construction sector. Lately government has taken measures

for the revival of MSME in the post COVID Era. Emergence of new marketing strategies like

Digital & Inbound marketing has also shown a positive influence on it. This paper examines the

challenges faced by MSMEs in construction industry and the growth prospective in the post

COVID era.

Key Words: MSME; Projects; Out-sourcing; Goods, Services; COVID – 19; Infrastructure


Selection of Innovative Alternatives using Value Engineering and TRIZ Technique in Highway

Construction Nilesh Agarchand Patil

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


Highway construction and maintenance schemes in the public works sector are constantly being

chastised for failing to achieve project deadlines, execute projects on schedule, and keep costs

under budget. By generating a broad number of novel alternatives, the performance-based value

engineering (VE) approach will assist in finding ways to optimize solutions to these challenges by

offering a calculated compromise in expense, schedule, and scope. The pre-workshop stage,

Workshop stage (Value Study), and Post-workshop stage are the three work-streams that are

conducted sequentially in VE. The workshop stage of VE is divided into six stages, one of which

is the creativity phase. This study is mainly focusing on the creativity phase of the workshop

session for the VE study. The creativity phase is critical to the success of a VE exercise, in which

the brainstorming technique is deployed to generate innovative ideas for the selection of

innovative alternatives. The loss of guidance in problem-solving is one flaw of the brainstorming

method, and as a result, its effectiveness in producing creative and useful ideas is limited. To

address this shortcoming, this research looks at the possibilities of integrating the theory of

inventive problem solving (TRIZ) into the updated workshop session of the VE exercise by

implementing five step procedures in this session: initial design, function trimming, interaction

analysis, creativity& idealization, and evaluation phase. To explain the suggested workshop

protocols and the use of the TRIZ tools and techniques, a case study of a road intersection for

highway construction was carried out. This case study demonstrates the viability of the updated

workshop methods as well as the utility of TRIZ tools and techniques in choosing novel

alternatives quickly and effectively during highway construction.

Key Words: Highway Construction; Value Engineering; Creativity Phase; Innovation; TRIZ


Role of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration for Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCS-EOR)

Shyam Kumar Inturi1, M Rajasekhar2

12 Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad, India Email: [email protected]

The world's vitality needs have been ceaselessly becoming over the previous decade, however

fossil fuels are restricted. Renewable energies are winding up noticeably more predominant, are

yet far from being typical around the world. Overpowering scientific evidence shows that CO2

emissions from fossil fuels have made the environmental change, and an emotional decrease of

these emanations is basic to lessen the danger of future annihilating impacts. Carbon capture and

sequestration (CCS) could assume a critical part in diminishing greenhouse gas discharges, while

empowering low-carbon power era from power plants. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is

a scope of innovations that hold the guarantee of capturing up to 90% of the carbon dioxide

discharges from power stations and mechanical locales. It includes gathering, transporting and

after that injecting the CO2 with the goal that it doesn't escape into the air and add to

environmental change. There are three techniques to trap CO2 from power plants the first one is

post-combustion procedure includes cleaning the power plant's fumes gas utilizing chemicals.

Pre-combustion CCS happens before the fuel is put in the heater by first changing over coal into a

perfect consuming gas and stripping out the CO2 discharged by the procedure. The third strategy,

oxy-fuel, consumes the coal in an environment with a higher grouping of pure oxygen, bringing

about a fume. Gas that is practically immaculate CO2.Once the CO2 has been trapped, it is

melted, transported at times for a few hundred miles – and covered, either in appropriate

geographical developments, profound underground saline aquifers or neglected oil fields. CCS

could be very much useful for the EOR and EGR as CO2 is much heavier gas than Natural Gas,

CO2 is infused into the base of an exhausted gas repository and will tend to pool there, making

any staying regular gas "glide" on top of it.

Key Words: Carbon Capture; Sequestration; Enhanced Oil Recovery; Oxy-Fuel


Ken-Betwa River Link a Boon to India in Construction Sector

Rajesh Kumar Jain1, Rajesh Goyal2, Dulal Goldar3

1Research Scholar and Chief Engineer, Lingaya Vidyapeeth, New Delhi 2Professor and Dean, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Delhi

3Professor, Lingaya Vidyapeeth, New Delhi Email: [email protected]

Ken-Betwa River Link is first interlinking of river project having a cost of Rs37611 Crore., It

comprises 4 Projects viz, KBLP Phase I Daudhan Dam ,Its Link Canals Lower Orr Dam, Kotha

Barrage and Bina Complex projects. KBLP mainly envisages to provide irrigation and domestic

water supply facilities to drought prone areas namely Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Panna, Damoh,

Vidisha, Sagar, Shivpuri, Datia & Raisen districts of MP and Mahoba, Banda, Jhansi & Lalitpur

districts of UP.A total period of eight years has been considered for completion of the project.

The project includes construction of Daudhan Dam & its components, Lower Orr Project, Kotha

Barrage and Bina Complex Multipurpose Project, which would be completed in 8 years, 5 years,

4 years and 5 years respectively.

The infra-structural development, pre-construction surveys and investigations, preparation of

design/specifications are proposed to be taken up during the first two years. It is planned to award

contracts for all major works upto 1st/2nd year. However, some of the works like diversion

channel, spillway channel and link canal may have to be undertaken from the 4th quarter of the

1st year itself and therefore award of work for these works is planned accordingly.. Construction

equipment not proposed as the entire work for construction will be awarded by EPC (Turnkey)

basis The implementation of Project will provide an additional irrigation facility of 10.8 Lac ha

,Hydro power Generation of 103MW Solar Power generation 27MW and drinking water supply

to 62 lac people. The construction of Project will give a great thrust to boost economy,

employment generation construction activities, consumption of materials. Overall, it will be a

great boon to construction sector.

Key Words: Ken-Betwa Link; Irrigation; Benefits; Employment Generation; Boon to

Construction Sector


Project Manager’s Competency Framework

Nithin Sai Matam1, Sachin Batra2

1Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Delhi NCR 2Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Delhi NCR


The success of an organisation in terms of their goals and mission lies in how effectively the

planned projects are being successfully executed thus from top to bottom projects create value for

the organisation with respect to their success criteria’s. An extensive project management

knowledge is very important for current day project managers in order to execute any project with

effectiveness and efficiency while achieving the project success criteria’s timely through the life

cycle of the projects and thus the project management knowledge would include having

knowledge in many areas of managing a project through its course of initiating, planning,

executing, monitoring & controlling and closing the project. In this course of managing the

project the project managers would need many competencies that would make the project

managers to perfectly manage the project with respect to the project success criteria. So those

competencies of a project manager do have a lot of impact of the projects success. So in the

present study we have made an attempt to understand various key competencies that a project

manager must have and we have investigated the relationship between the competencies and how

they influence each other while managing the project. The importance of various competencies

and in what ways they will be affected on each other are portrayed on our research and findings

have been suggested.

Keywords: Project Management; Competency Framework; Project Success Criteria;

Organisational Success; Strategic Planning; Project Management Knowledge Areas; Project

Management Processes


An Overview on Sustainable Approach for Rural Road Construction in India

Apparao Gandi1, Hari Rohit2, Ammani Pagadala3, Umamaheswararao Jada4

14Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad

2Students, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad 3Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


One of the many paths for maintaining a healthy economy for a developing nation like India is

through its infrastructural development. And while discussing infrastructure, the first thing comes

to our mind are the Roads, let it be Rural or Urban. India has the second largest road network in

the world which measures to around 5.60 million kilometres and the surprising fact is that over

70% of these roads are rural roads, which connects the villages of the country where around

65.53% of Indian population actually resides. But Road construction as already known is a very

expensive affair but at the same time brings a lot of revenue to the nation. On the other hand rural

roads almost do not generate any kind of revenue because of their low usage. Roads are

something that are a basic amenity nowadays and the rural areas can only be developed when we

provide the proper infrastructural facilities. Thus, going ahead in this study we will be focusing on

some sustainable practices that can be implemented for such rural roads, which would reduce the

cost of construction and also be environment-friendly. Many people have already tried to

contribute to this cause through their researches and already a huge number of roads are being

constructed in our country with these sustainable materials. In a vast country like India where the

requirement for infrastructure is huge and the available resources are really scarce, a stringent

policy and cost effective construction methodology in place, could play a vital role in attaining

the supreme objective.

Key words: Rural Roads; Sustainable Construction; Cost-Effective; Environment-Friendly;

Plastic Waste.


Utilization of Hexagonal Grid Technique to Find Out Best Suitable Locations for EV Charging Station

Installation in Aundh Baner Balewadi Neighborhood Marvel Fernandes1, Ajay Khorate2, Rohan Ghawghawe3, Chinmayee Yelwande4, Avadhoot Dixit5

1234Student, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 5Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune


One of the major challenges in the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the inadequate amount

of Charging Infrastructure. Thus, the setting up of charging infrastructure is of a prime concern in

order to Encourage EV sales in India. The charging stations can be broadly divided into 2 types:

Private Chargers and Public chargers. Since the public chargers would be installed in public areas

like parking spaces, they would form a part of the urban infrastructure. Identifying potential

locations for putting up charging stations is important for the optimum use of the resources and to

reduce the range anxiety among the EV users. Considering government subsidy will be available

for initial charging station infrastructure, with this study one can properly utilize initial funding’s.

This paper therefore deals scientifically by using Hexagonal Grid Technique and applying it to

the problem of locating charging stations in the Aundh-Baner-Balewadi (ABB) neighborhood of

Pune.

Key words: Electric Vehicles, Charging Station, Hexagonal Grid, Government Subsidy.


Show, Don’t tell!’ –Popular Films as a Pedagogical Tool for Discussion on Individual Values in

Construction Management Savitha Chilakamarri

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

Studies have established that ethical and value-based issues in construction industry are at the root

of corruption. This often results in long-term losses, in addition to engendering the perception that

the domain itself is characterised by corruption. Towards this end, studies have established the

dominant ethical issues in the construction domain from the perspectives of the managers,

contractors and stakeholders, its impact on the construction industry, and

recommendations/control measures that can minimise the corruption etc. What has been seldom

observed is the impact such issues have on the value profile of the construction manager. Building

on these studies, this paper charts a slightly different course. It makes an intervention that

business school curriculum for construction management graduates should be enhanced in such a

manner that apart from adequate critical thinking, problem-solving and analytical skills which are

very significant for managing construction projects, students should also be to use suitable value-

based frameworks for decision-making. The rationale for this position lies in the fact that while

many interpretations for the concept of value especially from a project perspective may exist, a

key challenge would be to connect the such values to the broader human aspects of construction

work and an interrogation of the same. One of the ways in which such linkages could be achieved

is through pedagogical interventions leveraging the use of popular films to create experiential and

polemical frameworks which can facilitate such discussions.

Key words: Films; Construction Projects; Project Managers; Values, Pedagogy.


Financing Urban Transport Infrastructure Development: Conventional and Non-Conventional

Instruments Ramakrishna Nallathiga


India’s rapid urbanisation poses several challenges to the Indian cities and the provision of

transportation services is one of them. Tier I and II cities, in particular, are growing more rapidly

as they emerged as the hubs of economic growth. The development of rapid and high capacity

transportation systems in these cities assumes importance for the quick intra-city movement of

people and goods. Therefore, addressing the transportation needs of large Indian cities would

require the development of adequate infrastructure that would lead to a better connectivity as well

as the dispersal of business districts/ locations. This would require the development of both rail

and road based transport infrastructure in the cities; the funding requirements of such

infrastructure are very large. There is also a variation in the institutional arrangements for urban

transport in Indian cities, which makes it more difficult to achieve in practice. This paper makes

an assessment of the funding requirements of such urban transport infrastructure in Indian cities

and discusses the various means of financing the provision of it. The paper also discusses both

conventional (such as those based on mainstream/ revenue based financing) as well as non-

conventional (such as land/land based financing tools) options/ instruments with the help of some

empirical examples from some such projects/ cities for illustrating their role in financing the

provision of urban transport infrastructure. City planners and decision makers can make use of

the right blend of these options/ instruments for planning and developing urban transport

infrastructure in Indian cities.

Key words: Urban Transportation; Transport Infrastructure; Funding Need; Conventional and

Non-Conventional Options/Instruments


Image Processing Technique for Non Destructive Testing of Pavements: A Case Study

Amit Goel1, P V G S Subrahmanyam2

1Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 2Student, BITS Pilani, Pilani campus, Rajasthan


Image processing is a technique of processing images or video using mathematical operations to

give an image or a set of parameters related to the image. Various techniques for pavement

condition evaluation i.e., structural and functional evaluation exist. Image processing technique is

a fast, noncontact, nonintrusive technique for pavement condition evaluation. In this technique,

the images are collected and subsequently analysed to identify anomalies such as cracks; using

software like MATLAB, etc. However, image processing depends upon the type, characteristics

and desired outcome from the processing for handling the operation. In this study, the

applications of infrared image processing in discovering the anomalies present on bituminous

pavements is studied. Study area comprises of a University campus in India. Guidelines are set

regarding the type, size and the quality of image to be used for obtaining a good approximation

for a particular type of anomaly. MATLABTM package has been used for processing the images.

It is seen that the developed algorithms can be efficiently used in discovering various types of

anomalies present on surface of a pavement.

Key words: Image Processing; Pavement, Distress; Pothole; MATLAB


Prop-tech as a Catalyst for the Real Estate Market Ammani.P

Senior Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderabad


Prop-tech a new buzz in the real estate is an integration of property and technology to benefit all

the parties involved in buying and selling the property. Prop-tech is all set to disrupt the real

estate in a major way according to a recent survey by Elara group. According to their study $2.4

have been invested in these initiatives across 225 deals as on September 2021. The growth of

property technology can be attributed to rise in internet users, urbanization, young demographics

who are tech savvy. In this backdrop it is planned to study the feasibility of Prop-tech in Indian

real estate industry with objectives to study the adoption of prop-tech in Indian real estate market

and the various technologies that support prop-tech. The study was conducted based on both

secondary and primary data. Eleven companies adopting prop-tech have been studied as a part of

secondary data analysis. At the same time both buyers and sellers adopting prop-tech were

interviewed using a structured questionnaire to understand their awareness level about prop-tech.

It was evident from the study that Prop-tech has increased the sales of new homes constructed by

various developers across India in the tier 1 cities, it has also been seen as a proportion of these

transactions are foreign investments without actual site visits all with the help Prop technology.

The Customer survey suggests that individuals are not aware of the term prop-tech but they tend

to use online platforms for various purposes such as property listing, online stats, market trends

etc. in India.

Key Words: Prop-tech; Technology; Real Estate

5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ... - NICMAR

Documents

Transcript of 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ... - NICMAR