20-22 November 2019, Tirana, Albania - INFN Ferrara

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

20-22 November 2019, Tirana, Albania

i

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

ii

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

1st International Conference on Applied Physics

(ICAP 2019)

November 20-22, 2019

University of Tirana, Albania

Organized by:

Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana

and

Albanian Physical Society

iii

Editors: Polikron Dhoqina, Silvana Mico, Gerti Xhixha

ICAP 2019 Conference, Tirana

Albania

Book of Abstracts

ISBN 978-9928-4578-1-3

Published by the Print Al

E-mail: [email protected]

https://sites.google.com/a/fshn.edu.al/fizika/third-call

mailto:[email protected]

https://sites.google.com/a/fshn.edu.al/fizika/third-call

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WELCOME

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to the 1st International Conference on Applied Physics – iCAP 2019!

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, it’s a big pleasure to give you a warmly

welcome in Tirana.

The conference is organized by the Department of Physics at the University of

Tirana and Albanian Physical Society and will be held Nov. 20th - Nov. 22nd

2019, in Tirana.

I frankly hope that iCAP 2019 will be a productive platform to gather researchers

and students to share ideas, discuss recent progress and applications in

multidisciplinary fields related to physics.

The conference program includes a considerable number of oral and poster

presentations that will cover a wide range of subjects, from environmental

sciences, astrophysics, atomic physics, radiation protection, complex systems,

including also medical physics, education and so on.

I wish you a very pleasant time of debate and working experience, so we can

make together this a memorable conference.

Once again, welcome to Tirana!

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Polikron Dhoqina

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COMMITTEES

Scientific Committee

Polikron Dhoqina – President of Albanian Physical Society, University of Tirana, Albania

Goran Djordjevic – President of Balkan Physical Union, University of Niš, Serbia

Radu Constantinescu, University of Craiova, Romania

Kostas Vourlias, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Mynyr Koni, University of Tirana, Albania

Spiro Drushku, University of Tirana, Albania

Fabio Mantovani, University of Ferrara, Italy

Elio Giroletti, University of Pavia, Italy

Antoneta Deda, University of Tirana, Albania

Constantine Kosmidis, University of Ioannina, Greece

Mimoza Hafizi, University of Tirana, Albania

Artan Boriçi University of Tirana, Albania

Margarita Ifti University of Tirana, Albania

Valbona Nathanaili, Foundation "Henrietta Leavitt", Albania

Shukri Klinaku, University of Pristina, Kosovo

Naim Syla, University of Pristina, Kosovo

Bashkim Ziberi, Harvard University, USA

Skënder Kabashi, University of Pristina, Kosovo

Elida Bylyku, Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, Albania

Dhurata Sadiraj, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania

Partizan Malkaj, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania

Silvana Mico, University of Tirana, Albania

Gerti Xhixha, University of Tirana, Albania

Dode Prenga, University of Tirana, Albania

Odeta Çati, University of Tirana, Albania

Bardhyl Guda, University of Tirana, Albania

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Organizing Committee

Gerti Xhixha, University of Tirana, Albania

Silvana Mico, University of Tirana, Albania

Valbona Nathanaili, Foundation "Henrietta Leavitt", Albania

Manjola Shyti, Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, Albania

Emil Xhuvani, University of Tirana, Albania

Margarita Kuqali, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania

Gazmend Nafezi, University of Pristina, Kosovo

Uarda Gjoka, Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, Albania

Olta Ҁakaj, University of Tirana, Albania

Rudina Osmani, University of Tirana, Albania

Erion Spahiu, University of Tirana, Albania

Adhurim Hoxha, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania

Klaudio Peqini, University of Tirana, Albania

Malvina Marku, University of Tirana, Albania

Mirela Alushllari, Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, Albania

Floran Mandija, University Luigj Gurakuqi Shkodër, Albania

Blerina Papajani, University “A. Xhuvani” Elbasan, Albania

Altin Gjevori, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania

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CONFERENCE PROGRAMM November 20-22, 2019 Tirana, Albania

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20 November, 2019 (Wednesday)

14:00-17:00 Registration at Faculty of Natural Sciences

16:00-18:00 Welcome party

viii

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21 November, 2019 (Thursday)

8:30 – 10:00 Registration at Faculty of Natural Sciences

8:30 – 9:00 Opening Ceremony

9:00 – 10:30 1st Plenary session (invited speakers)

Chair: Constantine Kosmidis & Elio Giroletti

9:00 – 9:30 SHELDON LANDSBERGER

RADIOACTIVITY IN THE OIL EXPLORATION SECTOR

9:30 – 10:00 VIRGINIA STRATI, MATTEO ALBERI, CARLO BOTTARDI,

ENRICO CHIARELLI, FABIO MANTOVANI, KASSANDRA G.C. RAPTIS,

ANDREA SERAFINI

NUCLEAR PHYSICS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

10:00 – 10:30 ALTIN MELE

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN MIXTURES OF CARBON DIOXIDE-WATER

AND CARBON DIOXIDE-ETHANOL IN HIGHER PRESSURE AND

TEMPERATURE

10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 – 12:30 2nd Plenary session (invited speakers)

Chair: Sheldon Landsberger & Virginia Strati

11:00 – 11:30 CONSTANTINE KOSMIDIS

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

11:30 – 12:00 ELIO GIROLETTI

RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICINE: WHEN AND HOW

STAFF AND PATIENTS ARE RECEIVING HIGHEST DOSES?

12:00 – 12:30 SHUKRI KLINAKU

THE MEASURABLE QUANTITIES IN THE DOPPLER EFFECT

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12:30 – 13:30 Lunch

13:30 – 15:00 3nd session (oral talks)

Chair: Sheldon Landsberger & Kalaitzis Panagiotis

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

13:30 – 13:45 FLORINDA CFARKU, IRMA BËRDUFI, MANJOLA SHYTI, GERTI

XHIXHA, POLIKRON DHOQINA

THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TYPES ON THE MEASUREMENT OF

SUPERFICIAL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION

13:45-14:00 MANJOLA SHYTI, ERJON SPAHIU, IRMA BËRDUFI

RESULTS OF THE FIRST WORLD WIDE PROFICIENCY TEST OF

GAMMA LABORATORY IN ALBANIA

14:00 – 14:15 ERJON SPAHIU, MANJOLA SHYTI, FLORINDA CFARKU, GERTI

XHIXHA

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY DETERMINATION

OF ALBANIAN WILD HERBAL TEA SAMPLES

14:15 – 14:30 MERITA KAÇELI XHIXHA, MANJOLA SHYTI, FLORINDA

CFARKU, POLIKRON DHOQINA, KUJTIM DULE, GERTI XHIXHA

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF TERRESTRIAL ORIGIN IN

ALBANIAN SOIL SAMPLES

14:30 – 14:45 MIRELA ALUSHLLARI

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LEAD CONCENTRATION

ASSESSMENT ARE FOUND IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOUNDS

RENEWABLE ENERGY

14:45 – 15:00 AZEM HYSA, ENVISA AJAZI

THE PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS FOR

DIFFERENT VALUES OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS


x


Chair: Constantine Kosmidis & Margarita Ifti

MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC PHYSICS

15:30 – 15:45 BLERTA AHMEDI, FISNIK ALIAJ, NAIM SYLA, BASHKIM

ZIBERI, MURSEL RAMA

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON

THE MICROHARDNESS OF 6xxx ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

15:45 – 16:00 EMMANOUIL KECHAOGLOU, SPYRIDON KAZIANNIS,

CONSTANTINE KOSMIDIS

INTERACTION OF ASYMMETRIC LASER FIELDS WITH H2O

16:00 – 16:15 KALAITZIS PANAGIOTIS, COHEN SAMOUEL

PHOTOIONIZATION MICROSCOPY: TWO-PHOTON

POLARIZATION EFFECTS

COMPLEX SYSTEMS

16:15 – 16:30 SILVANA MIÇO, MARGARITA IFTI, POLIKRON DHOQINA,

DODË PRENGA

THE SCALE INVARIANCE IN AIR POLLUTANTS AND

METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES DATA: A TIME SERIES

ANALYSIS

16:30 – 16:45 KLAUDIO PEQINI, MARGARITA IFTI

HURST EXPONENT AND MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION FROM

PALAEOMAGNETIC AND MODEL GENERATED TIME SERIES

16:45 – 17:00 HIQMET KAMBERAJ

A DATABASE USED FOR AUTOMATION OF MOLECULAR

PROPERTIES USING MACHINE DEEP-LEARNING APPROACH

17:00 – 17:15 DODE PRENGA, ERMIRA KUSHTA

AN ECONOPHYSICS VIEW ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE

ALL/EURO EXCHANGE RATES

17:15 – 18:15 5th session (poster presentations)

xi

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22 November, 2019 (Friday)

8:30 – 10:00 Registration at Faculty of Natural Sciences

9:00 – 10:30 1st session (oral talks)

Chair: Mimoza Hafizi & Lorenzo Amati

ASTROPHYSICS & PARTICLE PHYSICS

9:00 – 9:30 LORENZO AMATI

THE TRANSIENT HIGH-ENERGY SKY AND EARLY UNIVERSE

SURVEYOR (THESEUS)

9:30 – 10:00 MIMOZA HAFIZI, LINDITA HAMOLLI

THE ABILITY OF THESEUS MISSION TO OBSERVE TRACES OF

QUASAR LENSING AND MICROLENSING

10:00 – 10:15 MYZAFER MANÇAJ

A THEORY ON THE GRAVITATIONAL COMMUNICATION

MEDIUM BETWEEN TWO BODIES

10:15 – 10:30 YLLKA KABASHI, SKENDER KABASHI

TOTAL AND SPIN- DEPENDENT LEVEL DENSITY CHANGES ON

DYNAMICAL, EXCHANGE PARTICLE-QUASIPARTICLE

INTERACTIONS AND RESIDUAL PROTON-NEUTRON

INTERACTIONS FOR EVEN-A NUCLEI IN INTERACTING BOSON-

FERMION-FERMION MODEL(IBFFM)



Chair: Elio Giroletti & Shukri Klinaku

MEDICAL PHYSICS

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11:00 – 11:15 IRENA MUCOLLARI, ARTUR XHUMARI, AUROR ALIRAJ,

ANASTELA MANO, GRAMOZ BRACE, REJNARDO TAFAJ

DOSIMETRIC PLAN EVALUATION FOR CARNIOPSPINAL

IRRADIATION USING 3D-CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY

TECHNIQUE

11:15 – 11:30 RODINA MYRKU, ORTESA DHIMA, UADA BITRI, ARIOLA

QAHAJAJ, ROZANA BUCI, GENTIANA HYSAJ

COMPARISON OF 3D CRT AND IMRT PLANS BASED

RADIOTHERAPY FOR DIFFERENT TREATMENT SITES

11:30 – 11:45 UARDA GJOKA, ENTELË GAVOÇI

QUALITY CONTROL OF MAMMOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT

RADIATION PROTECTION

11:45 – 12:00 ENTELË GAVOÇI, KLOTILDA NIKAJ

CHARACTERIZATION OF CS-137 BEAM USED FOR CALIBRATION

OF RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTS

12:00 – 12:15 IRMA BËRDUFI, MANJOLA SHYTI, FLORINDA CFARKU

EURADOS INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FOR INDIVIDUAL

MONITORING LABORATORY IN ALBANIA

EDUCATION

12:15 – 12:30 VALBONA NATHANAILI, MIMOZA HAFIZI, TATJANA MULAJ,

POLIKRON DHOQINA

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS CURRICULUM AND IN

QUALIFICATION OF PHYSICS TEACHER IN UPPER SECONDARY

EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS

12:30 – 12:45 AURORA KOKJA, SILVANA MIÇO, POLIKRON DHOQINA

THE EFFECT OF USING STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFULLY

SOLVING NON-ROUTINE PHYSICS PROBLEMS

12:45 – 13:00 ARBAN UKA, FLORENC SKUKA, GENT IMERAJ, SARA

RUSTEMI, NIHAL ENGIN VRANA

COMMON OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF MICROFLUIDIC

CELLS

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS

1. POLIKRON DHOQINA, KOZETA TUSHE, ELIDA BYLYKU, BRUNILDA

DACI, MIRELA SHIJAKU, GERTI XHIXHA

RADON INFORMATION AND RISK COMMUNICATING ISSUE

2. AGRON BEGOTARAJ, POLIKRON DHOQINA, SILVANA MICO,

FJORELA VESHAJ

USING ANALOGIES IN PHYSICS TEACHING

3. DRITAN PRIFTI, ELIDA BYLYKU, BRUNILDA DACI, KOZETA BODE

ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE OLD RADIOACTIVE

WASTE STORAGE FACILITY TERRITORY IN ALBANIA

4. MANJOLA SHYTI, ERGYS KESHI, ERJONA BAKIU

EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY

EQUIPMENTS

5. KLAUDJA TELHAJ, BLERINA PAPAJANI

THE STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TERNARY

BINDERS SYSTEMS

6. MANJOLA SHYTI, MERITA KAÇELI XHIXHA, DHIMITËR PEÇI, AIDA

DERVISHI, FOTION MITRUSHI

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS IN

MYRTUS COMMUNIS PLANT

7. OLTA ÇAKAJ, EDLIRA DUKA, TEUTA DILO, NIKOLLA CIVICI,

FREDERIK STAMATI

EFFECT OF POROSITY IN THE MICROHARDNESS OF AN

ALBANIAN-DALMATIAN AXE (XIII-XII B.C.) AND A CELT ONE (XI-

X B.C.) EXCAVATED IN NORTHERN ALBANIA

8. DHURATA KUQI, MARGARITA KUQALI, RODINA MYRKU, ORTESA

DHIMA, ARIOLA QEHAJAJ, UADA BITRI, ANDI AJAZI

COMPARISON OF Co-60 AND LINAC TREATMENT PLANNING

FOR PATIENT WITH DIFFERENT DIAGNOSES AND STAGE

9. DANIELA HALILI, URIM BUZRA

INFLUENCE OF YEARLY DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR ENERGY ON

THE FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR COLLECTORS

10. MARGARITA KUQALI, DHURATA KUQI, JURGEN SHANO

DETERMIATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN THE

INTERIORS OF FIM&IF, PUT

11. NAIM SYLA, TEUTA DILO, FISNIK ALIAJ, NJOMZA ELEZAJ,

BASHKIM DALIPI

NITRIDING: FROM EXPERIMENTING TO MODELLING

12. GAZMEND NAFEZI, MELEQ BAHTIJARI

xiv

THE RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN THERMAL WATER

AND INDOOR AIR OF KOSOVO’S SPAS

13. MIRELA ALUSHLLARI

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY TESTING METHODS AND ITS

APPLICATION

14. MATILDA MEMA, KEJDA KRISTO, EMIL XHUVANI, ODETA ÇATI,

FATBARDHA BABANI

THE STUDY OF REFLECTION SPECTRA AS AN INDICATOR FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES ON FRUIT TREES

15. EDLIRA DUKA, OLTA ÇAKAJ, TEUTA DILO, ELSA QOKU, NIKO

CIVICI, ADEM BUNGURI

IN SEARCH OF ILLYRIAN METALLURGY: CASE STUDY OF IRON

SLAG FOUNDED IN LURA

16. DRIADA MITRUSHI, IRMA BËRDUFI, EDUARD SERDARI, PËLLUMB

BERBERI

ENERGETIC STUDY FOR RENEWABLE SOURCES IN

KARABURUN’S PENINSULA

17. MEGI HYSENLLI

LEAST EARTHQUAKES IN ALBANIA

18. SAFET SULA, DODË PRENGA

A CASE STUDY OF HYDROMETRIC VARIABLES IN THE LAKES

OF DRIN CASCADE, ALBANIA

19. EGLANTINA MERKAJ, NIKOLLA CIVICI

INVESTIGATION OF THE PIGMENTS USED IN TWO 16th

CENTURY ICONS ATTRIBUTTED TO ONUFRI: NON-

DESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS BY A PORTABLE XRF SPECTOMETER

STUDENT SECTION

1. XHENETA ZENGO, NAIM MAHMUDI

THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL FACTOR ON GYPSUM AND ITS

COMPOUND WITH POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS

2. ALMA BALLIU, MERITA KAÇELI XHIXHA

PROTECTION FROM IONIZING RADIATION: GAMMA

RADIATION

3. FATAI TAIWO MUTIU, HAMZAT ABIODUN AKEEM, ADEGOKE

SAMSON OLUSOLA

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA ANALYSIS

4. ALESIA GJEPALI, MIMOZA HAFIZI, ERALD BUNECI

STUDING ASTEROIDS THROUGH STELLAR OCCULTATION

5. ASIA LEKA, SILVANA MIÇO, JONIDA BELULI

xv

OPTICAL PHENOEMENA IN THE ATMOPHERE: HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING

6. BLERINA KORDHAKU, MIMOZA HAFIZI, ERALD BUNECI

THE STATE OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATION IN ALBANIAN

HIGH SCHOOLS

7. DRITA MALJA, SILVANA MICO

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SECONDARY PHYSICS CURRICULUM

BETWEEN ALBANIA AND UNITED KINGDOM: ELECTRIC FIELD

CONCEPT

xvi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ORAL PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................ 1

LANDSBERGER S. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE OIL EXPLORATION SECTOR ..... 2

STRATI V. et al. NUCLEAR PHYSICS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE ............. 3

MELE A. PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN MIXTURES OF CARBON DIOXIDE-WATER

AND CARBON DIOXIDE-ETHANOL IN HIGHER PRESSURE AND

TEMPERATURE ............................................................................................................. 4

KOSMIDIS C. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR

DYNAMICS ..................................................................................................................... 5

GIROLETTI E. RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICINE: WHEN AND HOW

STAFF AND PATIENTS ARE RECEIVING THE HIGHEST DOSES? ....................... 6

KLINAKU SH. THE MEASURABLE QUANTITIES IN THE DOPPLER EFFECT ... 7

CFARKU F. et al. THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TYPES ON THE MEASUREMENT

OF SUPERFICIAL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION ............................................ 8

SHYTI M. et al. RESULTS OF THE FIRST WORLD WIDE PROFICIENCY TEST

OF GAMMA LABORATORY IN ALBANIA ................................................................ 9

SPAHIU E. et al. NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY

DETERMINATION OF ALBANIAN WILD HERBAL TEA SAMPLES.................... 10

XHIXHA M. et al. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF TERRESTRIAL ORIGIN IN

ALBANIAN SOIL SAMPLES ....................................................................................... 11

ALUSHLLARI M. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LEAD CONCENTRATION

ASSESSMENT FOUND IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOUNDS ............................. 12

HYSA A. et al. THE PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS FOR

DIFFERENT VALUES OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS ............................................ 13

AHMEDI B. et . al. EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING TEMPERATURE AND

TIME ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF 6XXX ALUMINIUM ALLOYS ................. 14

KECHAOGLOU E. et al. INTERACTION OF ASYMMETRIC LASER FIELDS

WITH H2O ...................................................................................................................... 15

PANAGIOTIS K. et al. PHOTOIONIZATION MICROSCOPY: TWO-PHOTON

POLARIZATION EFFECTS ......................................................................................... 16

MIÇO S. et al. THE SCALE INVARIANCE IN AIR POLLUTANTS AND

METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES DATA: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS .............. 17

PEQINI K. et al. HURST EXPONENT AND MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION FROM

PALAEOMAGNETIC AND MODEL GENERATED TIME SERIES ......................... 18

xvii

KAMBERAJ H. A DATABASE USED FOR AUTOMATION OF MOLECULAR

PROPERTIES USING MACHINE DEEP-LEARNING APPROACH ......................... 19

PRENGA D. et al. AN ECONOPHYSICS VIEW ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE

ALL/EURO EXCHANGE RATES ................................................................................ 20

AMATI L. THE TRANSIENT HIGH-ENERGY SKY AND EARLY UNIVERSE

SURVEYOR (THESEUS).............................................................................................. 21

HAFIZI M. et al. THE ABILITY OF THESEUS MISSION TO OBSERVE TRACES

OF QUASAR LENSING AND MICROLENSING ....................................................... 22

MANÇAJ M. et al. A THEORY ON THE GRAVITATIONAL COMMUNICATION

MEDIUM BETWEEN TWO BODIES .......................................................................... 23

KABASHI Y. et al. TOTAL AND SPIN- DEPENDENT LEVEL DENSITY

CHANGES ON DYNAMICAL, EXCHANGE PARTICLE-QUASIPARTICLE

INTERACTIONS AND RESIDUAL PROTON-NEUTRON INTERACTIONS FOR

EVEN-A NUCLEI IN INTERACTING BOSON-FERMION-FERMION MODEL

(IBFFM) ......................................................................................................................... 24

MUCOLLARI I. et al. DOSIMETRIC PLAN EVALUATION FOR

CARNIOPSPINAL IRRADIATION USING 3D-CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY

TECHNIQUE ................................................................................................................. 25

MYRKU R. et al. COMPARISON OF 3D-CRT AND IMRT PLANS BASED

RADIOTHERAPY FOR DIFFERENT TREATMENT SITES ..................................... 26

GJOKA U. et al. QUALITY CONTROL OF MAMMOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT ..... 27

GAVOÇI E. et al. CHARACTERIZATION OF CS-137 BEAM USED FOR

CALIBRATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTS ......................... 28

BËRDUFI I. et al. EURADOS INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FOR INDIVIDUAL

MONITORING LABORATORY IN ALBANIA .......................................................... 29

NATHANAILI V. et al. ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS CURRICULUM

AND IN QUALIFICATION OF PHYSICS TEACHER IN UPPER SECONDARY

EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS...................................... 30

KOKJA A. et al. THE EFFECT OF USING STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFULLY

SOLVING NON-ROUTINE PHYSICS PROBLEMS ................................................... 31

UKA A. et al. COMMON OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF MICROFLUIDIC

CELLS ............................................................................................................................ 32

POSTER PRESENTATIONS ...................................................................................... 33

DHOQINA P. et al. RADON INFORMATION AND RISK COMMUNICATING

ISSUE ............................................................................................................................. 34

BEGOTARAJ A. et al. USING ANALOGIES IN PHYSICS TEACHING ................. 35

xviii

PRIFTI D. et al. ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE OLD

RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE FACILITY TERRITORY IN ALBANIA......... 36

SHYTI M. et al. EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF DIAGNOSTIC X-

RAY EQUIPMENTS ..................................................................................................... 37

TELHAJ K. et al. THE STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TERNARY

BINDERS SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 38

SHYTI M. et al. DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS IN

MYRTUS COMMUNIS PLANT ................................................................................... 39

ÇAKAJ O. et al. EFFECT OF POROSITY IN THE MICROHARDNESS OF AN

ALBANIAN-DALMATIAN AXE (XIII-XII B.C.) AND A CELT ONE (XI-X B.C.)

EXCAVATED IN NORTHERN ALBANIA ................................................................. 40

KUQI DH. et al. COMPARISON OF Co-60 AND LINAC TREATMENT PLANNING

FOR PATIENT WITH DIFFERENT DIAGNOSES AND STAGE .............................. 41

HALILI D. et al. INFLUENCE OF YEARLY DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR ENERGY

ON THE FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR COLLECTORS .................................................. 42

KUQALI M. et al. DETERMIATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN

THE INTERIORS OF FIM&IF, PUT ............................................................................ 43

SYLA N. et al. NITRIDING: FROM EXPERIMENTING TO MODELLING ............ 44

NAFEZI G. et al. THE RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN THERMAL

WATER AND INDOOR AIR OF KOSOVO’S SPAS .................................................. 45

ALUSHLLARI M. INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY TESTING METHOD AND ITS

APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................ 46

MEMA M. et al. THE STUDY OF REFLECTION SPECTRA AS AN INDICATOR

FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES ON FRUIT TREES ......................................... 47

DUKA E. et al. IN SEARCH OF ILLYRIAN METALLURGY: CASE STUDY OF

IRON SLAG FOUNDED IN LURA .............................................................................. 48

MITRUSHI D. et al. ENERGETIC STUDY FOR RENEWABLE SOURCES IN

KARABURUN’S PENINSULA .................................................................................... 49

HYSENLLI M. LEAST EARTHQUAKES IN ALBANIA .......................................... 50

SULA S. et al. A CASE STUDY OF HYDROMETRIC VARIABLES IN THE LAKES

OF DRIN CASCADE, ALBANIA ................................................................................. 51

MERKAJ E. et al. INVESTIGATION OF THE PIGMENTS USED IN TWO 16th

CENTURY ICONS ATTRIBUTTED TO ONUFRI: NON-DESTRUCTIVE

ANALYSIS BY A PORTABLE XRF SPECTOMETER ............................................... 52

xix

POSTER PRESENTATIONS ...................................................................................... 53

ZENGO XH. et al. THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL FACTOR ON GYPSUM

AND ITS COMPOUND WITH POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS ..................................... 54

BALLIU A. et al. PROTECTION FROM IONIZING RADIATION: GAMMA

RADIATION .................................................................................................................. 55

TAIWO MUTIU F. et al. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................... 56

GJEPALI A. et al. STUDING ASTEROIDS THROUGH STELLAR OCCULTATION

........................................................................................................................................ 57

LEKA A. et al. OPTICAL PHENOEMENA IN THE ATMOPHERE: HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING ............................................................................... 58

KORDHAKU B. et al. THE STATE OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATION IN

ALBANIAN HIGH SCHOOLS ..................................................................................... 59

MALJA D. et al. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SECONDARY PHYSICS

CURRICULUM BETWEEN ALBANIA AND UNITED KINGDOM: ELECTRIC

FIELD CONCEPT .......................................................................................................... 60

1st International Conference on Applied Physics, 20-22 November 2019, Tirana, Albania

1

ORAL PRESENTATIONS


2

RADIOACTIVITY IN THE OIL EXPLORATION

SECTOR

LANDSBERGER S.

University of Texas, Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab, Austin, Texas USA 78731

Enviroklean Product Development Inc., Midland Texas, USA 79706


Abstract:

One of the very first papers describing radioactivity in oil extraction appeared in

1906 just a scant eight years after its discovery by Henri Becquerel in Paris 1896.

The world currently consumes about 100 million barrels of oil daily and is

produced in countries throughout the globe through onshore drilling which refers

to drilling deep holes under the earth's surface and offshore drilling which relates

to drilling underneath the seabed. It was only in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s

where a significant amount of research was done in characterizing the

radioactivity in extraction processes which included, scale, produced water,

sludge, etc. What is more surprising than the unexpected amounts of radioactivity

in the oil extraction sector is the orders of magnitude differences of radiation from

different onshore fields. Thus, handling of these radioactive by products including

transportation, clean-up procedures, and burial requires stringent training and

monitoring procedures. A detailed overview of radioactivity measurements

and radiation protection guidelines for the oil exploration sector of the

waste products will be presented.

Keywords: radium, radioactivity, oil exploration residues



3

NUCLEAR PHYSICS FOR PRECISION

AGRICULTURE

STRATI V.1,2, ALBERI M.3, BOTTARDI C.1,2, CHIARELLI E.1,2, MANTOVANI F.1,2,

RAPTIS K.G.C.1,2, SERAFINI A.1,2

1Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

2National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Ferrara Section, Ferrara, Italy

3National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Legnaro National Laboratory, Legnaro, Padua,

Italy


Abstract

The high-energy gamma radiation produced by the decays of 40K and of daughter

products of 238U and 232Th has enough energy and intensity to be measured in the

framework of in-situ gamma-ray spectroscopy surveys. Recent applications in the

field of precision farming demonstrated the exceptional capabilities of proximal

radiometric measurements in estimating soil properties. In a crop field the

terrestrial gamma signal measured with a NaI spectrometer, installed a few meters

above the ground, is inversely correlated with soil water content and is basically

insensitive to variations in cosmic radiation and soil chemical composition. In a

dedicated experiment carried out in a tomato agricultural test field, gamma-ray

spectra were collected continuously over a period of 7 months covering the entire

crop-growing season. Reliable hourly estimates of topsoil (~ 30 cm) moisture

levels with a ~2000 m2 footprint were obtained by calibrating and correcting, with

a Monte Carlo based approach, the 40K gamma signal coming from the soil. A

quantitative comparison with data simulated by different soil–crop system models

showed that proximal gamma-ray spectroscopy could be an effective tool for

rational use of water resource and irrigation planning.

Keywords: gamma-ray spectroscopy, soil water content, NaI spectrometer,

potassium-40, precision agriculture, Monte Carlo simulation



4

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN MIXTURES OF CARBON

DIOXIDE-WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE-

ETHANOL IN HIGHER PRESSURE AND

TEMPERATURE

MELE A.

Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

Academy IVODENT, Center of Techniques Studies, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Mutual solubilities and coexisting phase densities of carbon dioxide - water and

carbon dioxide - ethanol were measured in the temperature range 333.15 K –

453.15 K and pressure range 4 MPa – 14.5 MPa. The experimental device and

procedure will be described. Critical curves in both binary systems will be

represented based on literature measurements and extrapolations. Different phase

diagrams will be used to represent the results. The experimental data will be

correlated using Peng - Robinson equation of state and the mixing rule of

Panagiotopoulos and Reid. Experimental data on systems of carbon dioxide and

liquids of different polarities are needed because of their interesting

thermodynamic properties and versatile industrial applications.

Keywords: phase equilibria, high pressure, Peng-Robinson equation



5

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR

DYNAMICS

KOSMIDIS C.

Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece


Abstract

The advent of fs lasers is facilitating the probing and control of the dynamics of

molecules on ultrashort time scales. Molecular dynamics is strongly related to the

non-radiative decays. Beyond the per se importance of understanding and

controlling these ultrafast processes, it is known that they are involved in many

biological phenomena (DNA stability, vision, etc.). Moreover, it is thought that

they could support future technologies on molecular level. In this work, the time

resolved fs mass spectrometry technique is applied for probing molecular

dynamics of highly excited electronic states of aromatic molecules. The

pump/probe scheme used has implements a Mach-Zehnder interferometer where

in one arm, part of the output of a Ti:Sapphire 20fs laser is acting as a probe beam,

while in the second arm the fifth harmonic (λ~160nm) of the fundamental serves

as the pump. The absorption of a λ~160nm photon results in electronic excitation

and the dynamics of this state is probed by the IR photon as a function of the

delay between the two beams. The induced mass spectra allow snapshots of the

molecular dynamics to be obtained. Thus, deformation of the molecular skeleton,

H-migration and scrambling have been observed along with their dynamic

characteristics.

Keywords: pump-probe mass spectrometry, fs time resolved molecular

dynamics, aromatic molecules.



6

RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICINE: WHEN

AND HOW STAFF AND PATIENTS ARE RECEIVING

THE HIGHEST DOSES?

GIROLETTI E.

Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pavia Section, Pavia, Italy


Abstract

There are two practices in medicine of concern about the doses received by

patients and involved staff: interventional radiology and computed tomography

(CT) exams. The increased complexity and numbers of interventional procedures

applied by multidisciplinary teams are imparting significant doses to patients and

involved workers. Occupational radiation risk could be rather high and tissue

reaction effects are appearing on patients, since their doses could be higher than

the threshold doses of deterministic effects. On the other end, since CT scans are

increasing continuously and organ doses are larger than those from conventional

radiology, cancer risk is increasing, in young people particularly. Pediatric CT

results in increased lifetime radiation risk over adult one, also because of

procedure settings. An efficient use of imaging modalities using complex

apparatuses requires deep knowledge of the influence of equipment settings on

patient and staff doses as well as about the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.

On the contrary, is appearing an inadequate doctors' knowledge about imparted

doses and patient and staff protection. There is also an evidence of unnecessary

radiological examinations required by physicians. All these facts ask for the

Medical Physics Experts presence inside health institutions, for a regular

equipment control and, last but not least, for collaborating with physicians to

individuate proper As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) procedures.

Specific training is also useful to aware them about risks and effects of ionizing

radiation exposure in medical practices.

Keywords: radiation protection, patient doses, workers dose, interventional

radiology, computed tomography



7

THE MEASURABLE QUANTITIES IN THE DOPPLER

EFFECT

KLINAKU SH.

Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo

Institute of Physics, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo


Abstract

Usually the Doppler effect is used to measure the velocity of the wave source (or

the velocity of the observer). In this paper, we will show all physical quantities

that can be measured in the Doppler effect. With particular emphasis we will

show that in the Doppler effect we can also measure the relative velocity between

the source (observer) and the wave. Using the radar gun for the measurement of

the observed frequency and if we know the velocity of the wave source, then we

can measure the relative velocity between the wave source and the wave. The

measurement of this quantity is very easily achieved, but it is very important for

the understanding of the role of relative velocity in Doppler effect, which has

been neglected up to date.

Keywords: relative velocity, Doppler effect, radar gun



8

THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TYPES ON THE

MEASUREMENT OF SUPERFICIAL RADIOACTIVE

CONTAMINATION

CFARKU F.1, BËRDUFI I.1, SHYTI M.1, XHIXHA G.2, DHOQINA P.2

1Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

2Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Human senses cannot detect ionizing radiation. However, excess and long-term

exposure may cause adverse health effects. Handheld radiation measuring

instruments are used as a first line of defence in the detection of the presence of

such radiations and are often used to avoid unwarranted exposure. It is vital that

correct radiation monitoring is carried out when there is likely to face situations

of radiation exposure. In an emergency situation an appropriate monitoring

instrument should be selected and used. Nuclear rate meters are commonly used

to indicate the potential exposure due to the distribution of radioactive substances

over a surface. Measurements of surface contamination are performed for

different surface types, such as wood, foam, paper and plastic. The radioactive

source of Cm-244 is used as alpha emitter, while Sr-90 as beta emitter. The

measurements of surface contaminated areas are done, after calibration of the

system, by using the SAB-100TM alpha/beta probe designed to be used with any

CSPTM (CANBERRA Smart Probes) survey meter.

Keywords: surface contamination, gross alpha/beta radioactivity, calibration,

wood, foam, plastic



9

RESULTS OF THE FIRST WORLD WIDE

PROFICIENCY TEST OF GAMMA LABORATORY IN

ALBANIA

SHYTI M.1, SPAHIU E.2, BËRDUFI I.1




Abstract

The first intercomparison of gamma-ray spectrometry measurements in the

Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics (IANP) is carried out to improve the

laboratory’s ability to measure the radioactivity in the environment and foodstuffs

at typical routine levels. The activity concentration of the test samples and the

evaluation of the associated uncertainties are the main requirements of the test

results. The aim of this study is to present the results of the intercomparison and

discuss the quality of the gamma spectrometry measurements performed at the

IANP. For this proficiency test the Laboratory Sourceless Calibration Software

(LabSOCS) is used for simulating the absolute efficiency curve. The results are

found to be satisfactory and in general better than the average. This paper

provides a summary of the results obtained during this intercomparison exercise.

Keywords: proficiency test, gamma spectrometry, HPGe detector, radionuclides,

environmental radioactivity



10

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY

DETERMINATION OF ALBANIAN WILD HERBAL

TEA SAMPLES

SPAHIU E.1, SHYTI M.2, CFARKU F.2, XHIXHA G.1




Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the natural and artificial radioactivity

levels in different wild herbal teas grown in Albania. This study provides the first

data of the radioactivity levels in 15 samples of wild tea in order to ensure

consumer safety due the daily use of these commercial products. The activity

concentrations of radionuclides are determined by High Purity Germanium

(HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of natural

radionuclides reported as dry weight (dw) vary from 4.22 to 8.16 Bq kg−1 for 232Th, 5.28 to 23.44 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 12.47 to 25.64 Bq kg−1 for 210Pb and 180.64

to 839.96 Bq kg−1 for 40K. The activity concentration of the artificial radionuclide

of 137Cs is found to vary between 0.40 and 15.94 Bq kg−1 dw. The results obtained

provide a useful information to carry out a dose assessment due to ingestion of

these products.

Keywords: gamma spectrometry, herbal tea, natural radionuclides, dose

assessment



11

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF TERRESTRIAL

ORIGIN IN ALBANIAN SOIL SAMPLES

XHIXHA M.1, SHYTI M.2, XHIXHA G.3, CFARKU F.2, DHOQINA P.3, DULE K.3

1Faculty of Professional Studies, University “Aleksandër Moisiu”, Durrës, Albania




Abstract

The results of this survey provide the first data regarding the realization of the

radiological map of the Republic of Albania. Top soil samples are collected from

near fifty locations. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides of 40K and

progenies in the 238U, 232Th decay chains are measured by using high-resolution

gamma ray spectrometry. The average activity concentrations are 394 ± 121 Bq

kg-1, 22 ± 8 Bq kg-1, 30 ± 10 Bq kg-1, 27 ± 11 Bq kg-1 and 25 ± 10 Bq kg-1 for the 40K, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Ra and 228Th respectively. The activity concertation ratios of 228Ra/228Th and 226Ra/210Pb confirm the existence of secular equilibrium in the

respective decay chains of 232Th and 238U. The activity concentration of lead in

top soil samples is found to be affected significantly by the unsupported lead,

which seems to be an indicator of high soil radon emanation processes. The

average outdoor air absorbed dose rate and the corresponding annual effective

dose rate are found to be comparable with world-wide levels and respectively 42

± 13 nGy h-1 and 0.05 ± 0.02 mSv y-1. These results represent the starting point

for studies on natural background radiation, geochemical processes and

epidemiological investigations.

Keywords: natural radioactivity, terrestrial radioactivity, annual dose rate,

radiological hazard, gamma spectrometry



12

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LEAD

CONCENTRATION ASSESSMENT FOUND IN

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOUNDS

ALUSHLLARI M.

Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Lead is a heavy metal with high toxic properties for both the environment and

human health. The lead content and the duration of its exposure in the

environment are the two main indicators to evaluate the lead effects. The

environment components and the living world are perfectly intertwined. The

presence of lead in the environment can easily reach the food chain. Evaluations

of lead concentrations found in various environmental components are presented

in a short way in this study. Determination of lead concentrations in different

environmental, biological and archaeological samples have been the goals of our

previous studies carried out using by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).

The purpose of this manuscript is to present an assessment of lead distribution in

different environmental components. The results of 250 analyzed environmental

samples representing drinking water, surface water, underground water, packaged

water, surface soils, profile soils, low and high vegetation species and aerosols

were presented in this study. Different samples were treated according digestion

methods of AAS. Measurements were performed by the use of the instrument

AAnalyst 100 or AAnalyst 800, Perkin Elmer, depending the level of

concentration. Reference materials certified by International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA) are used for the quality control of the analysis.

Keywords: lead, concentration, environment, digestion methods, AAS



13

THE PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF PHYSICAL

PARAMETERS

HYSA A.1, AJAZI E.2

1Faculty of Professional Studies, University “Aleksander Moisiu”, Durrës, Albania

2The United School of Perondi, Local Education Office, Kuçovë, Albania


Abstract

In this paper are presented the effects of the variation of the physical parameters

such as series resistance, shunt resistance, saturation current and the variation

of the ideality factor current-voltage and power-voltage characteristic curves of

the photovoltaic (PV) cells. The operating characteristics of photovoltaic cell are

also investigated at a wide range of operating conditions and physical parameters.

The PV cell has nonlinear characteristics, which make quite expensive and time

consuming to study experimentally the operation curves of a PV cell under

varying parameters. Therefore, a simulation code is built for this purpose by using

MATLAB®. Results show that the increase of the ideality factor of the diode lead

to an increase in the output power of a PV cell, while on the other hand the

increase of the diode saturation current leads to a decrease of the power. Shunt

resistance has a significant effect on the operation characteristic curves of PV

cells as low power output is recorded if the value of shunt resistance varies from

0.05 Ω to 1500 Ω. In this study, the environment parameters (i.e. solar radiation

and temperature) are taken constant.

Keywords: photovoltaic cell, diode characteristic curves, simulation,

MATLAB®



14

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING TEMPERATURE

AND TIME ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF 6XXX

ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

AHMEDI B.1, ALIAJ F.2, SYLA N.2, ZIBERI B.3, RAMA M.4

1Department of Physics, University of Tetova, Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia

2Department of Physics, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo

3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA

4Department of Geosciences, University “Isa Boletini”, Mitrovica, Kosovo


Abstract

From the past twentieth century use of aluminium alloys increases drastically in

different technological applications. The aluminium alloy takes the advantage of

‘strength to weight ratio’ and corrosion properties over other structural elements

such as steel and its alloys. Improvement of mechanical properties is achieved by

artificial aging, a process that allows the formation of metastable precipitates

during subsequent aging. In this study, the effects of artificial-aging temperature

and time on microhardness of aluminium alloys are investigated. The

experimental study includes artificial aging of two types of 6xxx alloys upon

which the temperature is varying between 100 °C to 260°C. Another parameter

observed is the variation of the ageing time between 1h to 8h for the value of

T=180°C. The Vickers hardness test is used to evaluate the microhardness of the

aluminium sheet samples before and after aging process. The study leads to

conclusion that the variation in time and temperature has improved the

microhardness of the alloys. The optimum aging temperature is between 170°C

to 180 °C for about 6h. This is explained by revealing the microstructure of

corresponding alloys. A comparison between under-aged, peak-aged and over-

aged alloys is made and it shows clearly that artificial aging improves hardness

due to precipitation of Mg2Si.

Keywords: aluminium alloy, artificial aging, hardness test, microstructure



15

INTERACTION OF ASYMMETRIC LASER FIELDS

WITH H2O

KECHAOGLOU E., KAZIANNIS S., KOSMIDIS C.

Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece


Abstract

Asymmetric strong fields were used to doubly ionize and dissociate water

molecules. Upon ionization, intramolecular hydrogen migration takes place and

its imprint is observed as H2+ fragments in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass

spectrometer, among other fragments produced by the dissociation of H2O2+. Our

earlier experiments in various near-IR wavelengths showed that the mechanism

involved in the migration is most likely tunneling of a hydrogen atom through a

suppressed potential barrier. The asymmetric field was composed using the

fundamental beam and its second harmonic (ω/2ω field). The field’s pointing

direction was calibrated by ionizing the well-studied CO molecule. By changing

the relative phase of the two beams, it has been identified that the fragments (H2+

and O+) are released from the same parent ion while the ejected electrons are

removed from the hydrogen site of ion’s skeleton. Finally, the fragments’ relative

abundance and ejection direction, suggest control over the molecular process of

intramolecular hydrogen migration, by the phase of the asymmetric field.

Keywords: molecular dynamics, asymmetric fields, strong field physics,

hydrogen migration



16

PHOTOIONIZATION MICROSCOPY: TWO-PHOTON

POLARIZATION EFFECTS

PANAGIOTIS K., SAMOUEL C.

Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece


Abstract

The experimental technique of Photoionization microscopy (PM) allows for the

observation of quantum interferences when slow (MeV) electrons are emitted

during the photoionization of neutral atoms, in the presence of a uniform static

electric field F. The term “microscopy” is justified because the wave function of

the outgoing photoelectrons, in the direction of F, extends over macroscopically

large distances. However, transversely to the field, the wave function is bound.

The two-dimensional photoelectron flux electron is imaged by a position sensitive

detector and the aforementioned quantum interference patterns are found to be

directly related to the squared modulus of the electronic wave function. Within

the context of PM, we discuss in the present work the rotation of the linear

ionizing-beam polarization vector with respect to the electric field direction. We

employ a two-photon excitation scheme through which final states with azimuthal

quantum numbers |m|=0,1,2 are populated out of an m=0 initial (ground) state.

Magnesium experimental images are qualitatively compared to calculated

hydrogenic ones. We discuss our results in connection to tomographic techniques

aiming at the reconstruction of the photoelectron distribution. Finally, we also

present polarization-rotation-based alignment techniques that could be employed

quite generally in velocity map imaging setups.

Keywords: photoionization, microscopy, polarization, photoelectrons, velocity

map imaging, alignment technique



17

THE SCALE INVARIANCE IN AIR POLLUTANTS AND

METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES DATA: A TIME

SERIES ANALYSIS

MIÇO S., IFTI M., DHOQINA P., PRENGA D.



Abstract

Fractal method and descriptive analyses were used in this study to examine the

degree to which a time series is scale invariant. One year hourly average air

pollution (PM10 and PM2.5,) and meteorological variables (temperature, wind

speed, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and radiation) observations were

studied as time series. The data obtained from air monitoring station and

Meteoalb station at Tirana consisted 6552 hourly average values during the period

January 2013 to September 2013. Internal correlation within time series was

examined for each variable, identifying the long range dependency of the time

series or annual periodicity. Probability distribution functions, standard statistical

parameters (mean, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis) are evaluated

to examine the structure of time series. Hurst exponent was estimated using

Rescaled Range Analysis method (R/S) and self-similarity on certain time scale

was shown in time series. For PM10 and PM2.5 we found that Hurst exponents

were 0.82 and 0.83 respectively, showing strong long-term correlations. The time

correlation between air pollutants and meteorological variables was discussed

based on correlation matrix.

Keywords: time series, fractal method, Hurst exponent, autocorrelation, scale

invariance



18

HURST EXPONENT AND MAGNITUDE

DISTRIBUTION FROM PALAEOMAGNETIC AND

MODEL GENERATED TIME SERIES

PEQINI K., IFTI M.



Abstract

We analyze from a new perspective several dipolar field time series: a

palaeomagnetic 4 Myr long time series of magnetic data constructed from ocean

floor samples, five time series from a chemically driven dynamo model and the

series generated by the domino model. We have adopted the Hurst analysis and

calculated the Hurst exponent (H) for both series. The aim is to determine if the

preceding data in both series affect later data. For the palaeomagnetic series, we

found H = 0.9624 which shows that the dipolar magnetic field for the last four

million years has a strong memory. The time series of the dynamo and domino

models are characterized by H values of 0.45–0.62 and 0.98 respectively. These

values indicate that the domino model exhibits strong memory reproducing this

important feature of the dipolar field. The distribution of the magnitudes of the

dipolar field is found to be better fitted by a Weibull distribution. This distribution

is observed when analyzing maximal values for a given quantity and the

magnitudes in the palaeomagnetic series are proportional to the maximum values

of the respective epoch. The series of the models, where only the maximum values

for each epoch are considered, have different distributions diverging considerably

from that of the palaeomagnetic data.

Keywords: Hurst exponent, dipolar field, dynamo model, reversals



19

A DATABASE USED FOR AUTOMATION OF

MOLECULAR PROPERTIES USING MACHINE DEEP-

LEARNING APPROACH

KAMBERAJ H.

Faculty of Engineering, International Balkan University, Skopje, Republic of North

Macedonia


Abstract

To provide accurate predictions of different thermodynamic properties of the

(bio)molecular systems, such as free energy of hydration, pKa, binding energy,

or quantum mechanical properties is challenging and computationally time-

consuming. Besides, the consistency among all other molecular systems already

optimized remains still challenging and perhaps tricky to automate. Very recently,

machine learning approaches are introduced to automate and predict different

properties. Although these methods are very accurate to interpolate among the

training dataset, they suffer for not being able to extrapolate outside the training

dataset. Therefore, in practice, the increase of diversity among the molecules

included in the training dataset is required to guarantee good predictions. On the

other hand, that would require building up very large and easily to manage

databases of (bio)molecular systems with known properties either experimentally

or by quantum mechanical calculations. This study aims to introduce a database

management system of a large dataset that can be used to automate prediction of

(bio)molecular properties using a new deep learning approach. Also, we aim to

discuss the importance of the choice of the chemical space of the training dataset,

so that gained experience by the training to incorporate all the laws of physics

adequately.

Keywords: machine learning, deep learning, automation, database systems



20

AN ECONOPHYSICS VIEW ON THE DYNAMICS OF

THE ALL/EURO EXCHANGE RATES

PRENGA D.1, KUSHTA E.2


2Faculty of Technical Sciences, University ‘Ismail Qemali’, Vlorë, Albania


Abstract

In this work, we analyze the ALL/Euro exchange rate dynamics by using econo-

physics techniques in the framework of modeling the behavior for this typical

financial time series. We start by checking the stationarity of the distributions

and identification of the special points for daily returns in the period 2000, 2019.

Next, we calculate the multifractal spectrum width and skew parameter for

different time windows, to measure the multifractal significance. Problematic

singularities have been isolated by estimation of the log-periodic signature as an

indicator of the presence of self- organization regimes. The efficiency of the

exchange market is measured by the distance from the uncorrelated state using

Hurst exponent. We next implemented a local polarization ad hoc to argument

the destroying of self-origination trend of the exchange rates, and applied this

approach to a better localization of the DSI structure. Finally, in the appropriate

time intervals selected by such analysis, the possible behavior in the near future

is predicted by log-period approach and neural network method.

Keywords: eocnophysics, exchange rate, q-statistics, multifractal, neural

networks



21

THE TRANSIENT HIGH-ENERGY SKY AND EARLY

UNIVERSE SURVEYOR (THESEUS)

AMATI L.

Italian National Institute for Astrophysics, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello

Spazio, Italy


Abstract

The Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) is a

space mission concept currently under Phase A study by ESA as candidate M5

mission, aiming at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early

Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and

time-domain astrophysics. Through an unprecedented combination of X-

/gamma-rays monitors, an on-board IR telescope and automated fast slewing

capabilities, THESEUS will be a wonderful machine for the detection,

characterization and redshift measurement of any kind of GRBs and many classes

of X-ray transients. In addition to the full exploitation of high-redshift GRBs for

cosmology (pop-III stars, cosmic re-ionization, SFR and metallicity evolution up

to the "cosmic dawn"), THESEUS will allow the identification and study of the

electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational waves which will be

routinely detected in the late '20s / early '30s by next generation facilities like

aLIGO/aVirgo, LISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope (ET), as well as of most

classes of transient sources, thus providing an ideal synergy with the large e.m.

facilities of the near future like LSST, ELT, TMT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA.

Keywords: gamma-ray bursts, X-ray transients, pop-III stars, re-ionization,

gravitational waves



22

THE ABILITY OF THESEUS MISSION TO OBSERVE

TRACES OF QUASAR LENSING AND

MICROLENSING

HAFIZI M., HAMOLLI L.



Abstract

The lensing effect on quasars, caused by foreground galaxies is named Quasar

Lensing. Compact objects in the mass range 10-6 ≤ M/MSun ≤ 103 inside a lens

galaxy may produce microlensing traces. It is shown that Quasar Microlensing

provides a possibility to probe extragalactic planets. We focus on the ability of

THESEUS mission to observe these signs of Quasar Lensing and Microlensing.

Keywords: galaxy, quasar, gravitational lensing, exoplanet



23

A THEORY ON THE GRAVITATIONAL

COMMUNICATION MEDIUM BETWEEN TWO

BODIES

MANÇAJ M.



Abstract

The geometry of space, where gravitational communication between the two

bodies takes place, can't only be the straight line connecting the centers of their

masses, nor even the entire unlimited cosmic space. The study, based on analogy

with real physical phenomena and various postulates, theoretically argues the

existence of a limited three dimensional structure, named Gravitational

Communication Medium (GCM). It succeeds to determine the geometric shape

of the gravitational communication medium and its equation. Previous efforts to

directly use the law of universal gravitation, or the concept of gravitational field

and some improperly changes done in the foundations of gravity’s theory, failed

to 'define' this structure. The eventual existence of Gravitational Communication

Medium would be entirely in line with the concept of gravitational potential

energy, in analogy with a charged condenser or current coil, where the energy is

located in a limited space. Space identification of the position of this structure,

would answer the problem of gravitational charge and impact the cosmic origin

explanation of seismic phenomena. This would probably lead to a closer step in

detecting the ‘particles’ of gravity.

Keywords: gravitational communication medium, gravitational charge, line of

gravity, dark matter, dark energy



24

TOTAL AND SPIN- DEPENDENT LEVEL DENSITY

CHANGES ON DYNAMICAL, EXCHANGE PARTICLE-

QUASIPARTICLE INTERACTIONS AND RESIDUAL

PROTON-NEUTRON INTERACTIONS FOR EVEN-A

NUCLEI IN INTERACTING BOSON-FERMION-

FERMION MODEL (IBFFM)

KABASHI Y., KABASHI S.

Department of Physics, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo


Abstract

The calculation of total and spin dependent level densities for even-A nuclei(196

Au) was performed in IBFFM by coupling valence-shell proton and neutron quasi

particles to the boson core of the interacting boson model (IBM). In present paper

we investigate in IBFFM the energy spectra of even A nuclei 196 Au and

calculated the changes of total and spin-dependent level density on dynamical,

exchange particle-quasiparticle interactions, and residual proton-neutron

interactions. The IBFFM low-lying states up to 2MeV are exactly in accordance

with experimental data. The IBFFM total level density is fitted by Gaussian and

its tail is also fitted by Bethe formula and constant temperature Fermi gas model.

The reduction the strength of dynamical interactions with included residual

interactions doesn't eliminate the oscillation in almost the entire excitation energy

spectrum in the interval 0-6 MeV. The IBFFM spin –dependent level densities

can be well accounted by Bethe and modified spin distribution formula.

Keywords: IBFFM, spin dependent level density, dynamical exchange, residual

interactions



25

DOSIMETRIC PLAN EVALUATION FOR

CARNIOPSPINAL IRRADIATION USING 3D-

CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE

MUCOLLARI I.1, XHUMARI A.2, ALIRAJ A.1, MANO A.1, BRACE G.1, TAFAJ R.1

1University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”, Tirana, Albania

2Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is indicated for medulloblastoma and some rare

tumours of central nervous system. Traditionally, CSI is delivered with the patient

in the prone position, using a combination of two lateral opposed photon beams

for the brain, matched to one or more posterior photon fields to treat the spine. In

this work are presented two treatment plans of CSI, geometrically different, using

the conventional 3D conformal radiotherapy technique, by evaluating dose

distributions over the target and organs at risk. Plans are realized using the

treatment plan system Eclipse, according to the department protocol.

Keywords: radiotherapy, craniospinal, dose, treatment plan



26

COMPARISON OF 3D-CRT AND IMRT PLANS BASED

RADIOTHERAPY FOR DIFFERENT TREATMENT

SITES

MYRKU R., DHIMA O., BITRI U., QAHAJAJ A., BUCI R., HYSAJ G.

University Hospital “Mother Theresa“, Oncology Service, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

In this study, we perform a dose-volume histogram (DVH) comparative analysis

for 3D conformal radiotherapy plans using XiO® treatment planning system

(TPS) for 3D conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and Monaco TPS for intensity-

modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), with linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy), by

analyzing dose distribution in target volumes and organs at risk. The aim of the

study was to determine which patients would benefit most from the IMRT based

delivery. Ten patient’s plans that were previously planned with curative intend

on XiO® TPS, were re-planned with IMRT techniques in Monaco TPS that

recently were installed in the clinic. Step and shoot techniques with Monte Carlo

algorithm has been used for IMRT plans. The treatments were delivered by

Synergy Platform (Elekta MLCi2) using 6, 10 and 18 MV energy. Target

coverage was evaluated with the D95, Dmin and Dmax for both methods and organs-

at-risk (OAR) was evaluated according QUANTEC. From the DVH comparison

of ten different sites (Prostate, Head & Neck, Rectum, Lungs, Breast +

Supraclavicular Region), respectively, the average for all study patients with 3D

CRT is 92.99% and with IMRT is 97.41%. Doses to OARs in average have better

sparing with IMRT plans than 3D-CRT plans.

Keywords: XiO TPS, Monaco TPS, DVH, Linac, IMRT, 3D CRT, OAR



27

QUALITY CONTROL OF MAMMOGRAPHIC

EQUIPMENT

GJOKA U., GAVOÇI E.



Abstract

The role of mammography in diagnostics of breast cancers is well established.

The image quality and dose received by patients depend on the equipment used.

In accordance with the national regulations, a periodic control quality of physical

and technical parameters is needed to monitor and evaluate the absorbed dose and

image quality. In this study is performed a preliminary quality control of

mammography referring to the international standards and different protocols of

the quality control of mammographic equipment are discussed. The results of this

study show that the physical and technical parameters are within the reference

levels, therefore this data will be a useful baseline information for monitoring the

performance of the equipment.

Keywords: mammography, quality control, protocols, breast cancer



28

CHARACTERIZATION OF CS-137 BEAM USED FOR

CALIBRATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION

INSTRUMENTS

GAVOÇI E., NIKAJ K.



Abstract

Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) at Department of Radiation

Protection and Monitoring Networks (Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics,

University of Tirana), provide traceability route to SI units for the radiation

measurements within the country at radiation protection level. SSDL belongs to

the International Network of SSDL, organized by International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of this work

is the experimental characterization of the radiation beam produced by the Cs-

137 source used for the calibration of radiation protection instruments. The

available air-kerma rates measured ranged between 1.6 Gy/h and 43.7 mGy/h.

A set of lead blocks was used to attenuate the beam in order to cover all range

requested for the calibration. Cs-137 radiation protection calibrations provided by

SSDL are checked through the participation in international intercomparison

activities organized by IAEA where the National SSDL has achieved satisfactory

results. This work shows that a single beam used with proper attenuators enabled

the calibration within an acceptable accuracy at a wide range of air kerma rates,

which are needed to be covered for calibration of radiation protection instruments.

Keywords: radiation protection, calibration, SSDL, dose rate



29

EURADOS INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FOR

INDIVIDUAL MONITORING LABORATORY IN

ALBANIA

BËRDUFI I., SHYTI M., CFARKU F.



Abstract

The Dosimetry Laboratory of the Department of Radiation Protection and

Monitoring Network (Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics) took part in the

EURADOS IC2018ph intercomparison exercise for the whole body for photon

fields. The participation in this event was supported by the International Atomic

Energy Agency (IAEA) within the framework of the TC regional project

“Strengthening Protection of Radiation Workers and Occupational Exposure

Monitoring”. In total, 22 personal dosimeters were irradiated in photon reference

radiation fields on the ISO water slab phantom in terms of personal dose

equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0.07). For irradiation are used 137Cs and 60Co

radionuclide irradiation systems and a 225 kV X-ray radiation unit. The

dosimeters were irradiated according the irradiation plan: the photon irradiation

qualities were chosen from the ISO 4037-1 and IEC 61267, including S-Cs, S-

Co, RQR7, W-80 and W-150 and two different angles of radiation incidence (0°

and 60°). Reference dose equivalent values were in the range of ∼1-500 mSv.

The paper describes and analyses the individual results for the personal dose

equivalent quantities Hp(10) and Hp(0.07), and compares these results with the

ISO 14146 ‘trumpet curve’ performance criteria. This paper presents the

EURADOS IC2018 intercomparions results for whole body dosimeters in photon

fields.

Keywords: individual monitoring, photon fields, whole body dosimeters,

radiation protection



30

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS CURRICULUM

AND IN QUALIFICATION OF PHYSICS TEACHER IN

UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION FROM THE

PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS

NATHANAILI V.1, HAFIZI M.2, MULAJ T.1, DHOQINA P.2

1 Henrietta Leavitt Foundation, Tirana, Albania

2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

This study aims to identify some of the issues and problems in physics curriculum

in upper secondary education and to analyze the nature of professional

qualification of physics teachers from the perspective of teachers. This study

considers some of the needs and challenges of physics teacher, as well as foster

readiness for changes. Two research questions are raised. What are the issues and

problems identifying by the physics teacher about the curricula of physics in

upper secondary school? What are the issues and problems identifying by the

physics teacher about their professional qualification? The primary used

approach, through all stages of the study, was collaboration with physics teachers,

and based on a reciprocal trust, to encourage joint endorsement and enable

actions. During the period January 2019 - May 2019, were organised three school

visits in Tirana, in-depth interview with physics teachers and a focus-group

interview with physics teacher in Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana. We

conclude that the physics curricula in higher education has inconsistency between

the aims and objectives from one side and the content of physics texts in the other

side. On the other hand, the projects are very formal, while there is a small number

of hours per week in lessons and laboratory. Professional qualification of physics

teachers is commercialised and characterised by less qualification in physics as

science and more in leadership and other themes that doesn't link much with

teaching. Another issue is the lack of scientific articles about the above cited

challenges. One of the recommendations is that every educational politics or

reform must be taken based in scientific studies.

Keywords: physics curriculum, teacher qualification, commercialisation, upper

secondary school



31

THE EFFECT OF USING STRATEGIES FOR

SUCCESSFULLY SOLVING NON-ROUTINE PHYSICS

PROBLEMS

KOKJA A.1, MIÇO S.1, DHOQINA P.1, BEGOTARAJ A.2


2Faculty of Technical Sciences, University “Ismail Qemali”, Vlora, Albania


Abstract

This work aims to examine how the students solve non-routine problems in

dynamics and what is the effect of problem solving strategies for successful

solutions. The sample includes a total of 28 students pursuing graduate study in

physics education. By individually investigating students in a series of class

activities and then applying achievement test including non-routine problems we

were able to measure the success in solving problems and effectiveness of using

problem solving strategies. Data obtained in this study were analysed using

correlation analysis. The findings of the study show that a non-routine situation

confuses and leads students to failure regardless the laws and concepts required

to solve problems are known. A strong positive correlation between strategy

usage and the success level to solve non-routine problems in dynamics were

found.

Keywords: problem-solving, strategy, dynamics, non-routine problem



32

COMMON OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF

MICROFLUIDIC CELLS

UKA A.1, SKUKA F.1, IMERAJ G.1, RUSTEMI S.1, VRANA N.E.2, 3

1Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania

2Spartha Medical, Strasbourg, France

3French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Strasbourg, France


Abstract

The use of implant materials has seen an increase in the last decades and it is

expected to increase further. For this reason, risk assessment of the biomaterials

before they are implanted has to be performed and this needs to be conducted in

a personalized manner. The use of microfluidic cells enables experiments that

simulate in vivo conditions of cells and/or tissues in contact with different

biomaterials for timescales up to a dozen days. In these systems, optical imaging

is used to monitor the health of the cells and the cytotoxicity of the material and

in this regard, there is a need to optimize both the microscope hardware

components and the algorithms to obtain important. State of the art imaging

techniques include phase contrast microscopy, digital in line holography, lens free

microscopy etc. In this work, we review the most versatile techniques commonly

used for image acquisition and the algorithms that are needed for the image

processing.

Keywords: image acquisition, lens free microscopy, phase contrast microscopy,

biomaterial risk assessment



33



34

RADON INFORMATION AND RISK

COMMUNICATING ISSUE

DHOQINA P.1, TUSHE K.2, BYLYKU E.2, PACI R.3, DACI B.2, SHIJAKU M.3,

XHIXHA G.1



3Radiation Protection Office, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

It is a fact that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Information about

causes of lung cancer due to radon exposure in Albania is very low and

inconceivable. Actually, the radon data in dwellings are very low, 247

measurements, therefore a national survey is fundamental for providing

information on the geographical distribution of radon concentration. The

involvement of the students of Faculty of Natural Sciences, and in particular

Physics Department, in this first survey has proved successful and worthy of

developing future research projects. The challenge of communication radon risk

and promoting radon remediation can start from students that are a very important

target audience. The communication goal of this approach is to provide profound

and easy to understand knowledge on radon and consider the students as part of

the National Radon Action Plan. The main challenge of communicating radon

risk is related to the fact that the radon threat is perceived as low due to the fact

that does not seem to cause any visible health effects. Experience in many

countries has shown that even well designed public radon risk communication

campaigns have had a very low success. The Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics

in collaboration with the Department of Physics (Faculty of Natural Sciences)

aims to develop a strategy of radon communication at home. Students will be the

messengers and will perform measurements of radon concentrations in their own

homes. This approach will help us to compile information on the communication

tools and specific ideas for future projects.

Keywords: radon indoor, radon remediation, risk communication, national radon

action plan



35

USING ANALOGIES IN PHYSICS TEACHING

BEGOTARAJ A.1, DHOQINA P.2, MIÇO S.2, VESHAJ F.1

1Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania



Abstract

The role of analogies as tools for teaching difficult science concepts has been

widely discussed in science education. The purposeful use of appropriate

analogies can facilitate analogical thinking and transfer skills, as well as develop

abilities which are required for life and lifelong learning, including successful

integration into modern society. Analogical thinking is based on the development

of students’ higher order thinking skills. The aim of this study was to identify

physics teachers’ views on the importance of analogies and the methodology of

their usage in physics education, as well as to discover innovative examples of

analogies. The study involves both quantitative and qualitative methodology in a

survey of 35 high school experienced physics teachers. Physics textbooks for 10th

and 11th high school students were analyzed for existing analogies used in

teaching. The findings reveal that, in general, now and then physics teachers use

analogies in their pedagogical practice, although there is a total absence of in the

textbooks. Some teachers use analogies in order to help students build new

knowledge through activating, transferring, and applying existing knowledge and

skills in unfamiliar situations.

Keywords: analogy, analogical thinking, transfer skills, teaching physics,

teachers’ views



36

ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE OLD

RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE FACILITY

TERRITORY IN ALBANIA

PRIFTI D., BYLYKU E., DACI B., BODE K.



Abstract

In 1999 a new Radioactive Waste Storage Facility (RWSF) was constructed

within the territory of Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics (IANP) in Tirana,

Albania. The decommissioning process of the old interim storage facility in IANP

began as a result of its surroundings from the private houses at a 10-meter

distance. Very close to this building people began to build residential houses and

even a family putted this building inside the perimeter wall of his new house. In

these conditions, the Radioprotection Department of IANP immediately decided

to transfer of all radioactive materials existing in this building to the provisional

IANP storage. Also, all the radioactive sources in lead containers and solid waste

and liquid radioactive waste that was on the surface were moved to this

provisional IANP storage. It was measured the dose rate inside and outside the

facility, before and after removal of radioactive waste. After the demolition of the

old storage building all the loads of construction materials were sent to the

municipality waste collection site. Meanwhile, metal doors, electrical and

ventilation system were transferred for processing in the new RWSF of IANP. In

the end, after cleaning, to all the wastes of the old storage building were made

again measurements to assess the remaining dose rate in the environment.

Measurements showed that the level of radiation was that of the background level.

The territory of the old storage building was used for building residential house

and then, some years later, this new house was demolished for building a new 10

floors residential building. Actually, IANP, in all its perimeter, is surrounded by

a 2 m high barbed wall and is protected by the state police 24/7 who monitor also

the camera system.

Keywords: radioactive sources, radioactive waste, storage, decommissioning



37

EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF

DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENTS

SHYTI M.1, KESHI E.2, BAKIU E.3


2Sollaku Group, Tirana, Albania

3Hygeia Hospital Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Quality check of X-ray equipments is a very important part of quality assurance

programme in a radiology department for ensuring the image quality with the

minimum dose to the patients and staff. The performance of radiological

equipment has a huge impact on radiation doses received by patients, personnel

and general public. For this reason, technical control and monitoring of the

equipment for maintaining the quality of these parameters is very important.

Testing should cover all the basic parameters such as voltage, exposure time and

filtering. This work consists in measuring the deviation of the data obtained from

the X-ray testing device in real time with the data provided on the control panel.

All these measurements must be within the parameters tolerance provided by the

Albanian legislation.

Keywords: quality control, diagnostic X-ray, voltage, exposure time, filtering



38

THE STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN

TERNARY BINDERS SYSTEMS

TELHAJ K., PAPAJANI B.

Faculty of Natural Sciences, University “Aleksandër Xhuvani”, Elbasan, Albania


Abstract

Cements may be defined as adhesive substances capable of uniting fragments or

masses of solid matter to a compact whole. It easily reacts with water (hydrates)

to form a solid material, known as hardened cement. By using different

techniques, seven system are studied to determine the influence of ternary binders

in the mechanical properties of mortar such as UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity),

flexural and compressive strength at the age of 2, 7 and 28 days. Depending on

the age of mortar is noted an increase of dynamic modulus of elasticity values for

each system. As a construction material, concrete is employed to resist

compressive stresses so compressive strength of concrete is one of the most

important and useful properties. During the test is noted that the compressive

strength value increases with the age of mortars. The results are discussed in the

light of composition materials of systems and the hydration reaction that affect

the hardening of the systems with age increased.

Keywords: ternary binders, UPV, flexural strength, compressive strength



39

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY

LEVELS IN MYRTUS COMMUNIS PLANT

SHYTI M.1, XHIXHA M.2, PEÇI DH.3, DERVISHI A.3, MITRUSHI F.4


2Faculty of Professional Studies, University “Aleksandër Moisiu”, Durrës, Albania


4Faculty of Mathematical Engineering and Physical Engineering, Polytechnic University

of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

In this study are presented the first results on determination of natural and

artificial radioactivity levels in Myrtus Communis plant (commonly known as

Mërsina). Plants are collected from Spille bay on the Adriatic Sea, central part of

Albania. The determination of activity concentration in plant and soil samples is

performed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry.

The average activity concentration in soil samples is found to be 203.56 ± 7.3 Bq

kg-1 for 40K, 10.52 ± 0.71 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra and 13.20 ± 0.44 Bq kg-1 for 232Th. On

the other hand, the average activity concentration in Myrtus Communis plant is

found to be 235.96 ± 10.51 Bq kg-1 for 40K, 6.64 ± 0.65 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra and

MDA for 232Th. The activity concentrations of 40K and 226Ra in Myrtus Communis

plant are found to be comparable to those in soil. Regarding 232Th the activity

concentration in the soil was found to be relatively low, resulting in MDA

(Minimum Detectable Activity) values for the activity concentration in plants,

which is reasonable considering the low mobility of thorium in the environment.

The activity concentration of the artificially produced radionuclide of 137Cs was

found to be 7.74 ± 0.48 Bq kg-1 in soils and MDA in all plant samples. This

research work provides baseline data for the radiological hazard assessment due

to the use of medicinal plants in Albania.

Keywords: natural radioactivity, Myrtus Communis, radiological hazard



40

EFFECT OF POROSITY IN THE MICROHARDNESS

OF AN ALBANIAN-DALMATIAN AXE (XIII-XII B.C.)

AND A CELT ONE (XI-X B.C.) EXCAVATED IN

NORTHERN ALBANIA

ÇAKAJ O.1, DUKA E.2, DILO T.1, CIVICI N.3, STAMATI F.4





4Academy of Albanological Studies, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

At the center of this study is an Albanian-Dalmatian axe (XIII-XII B.C.) and a

celt one (XI-X B.C.) excavated in the suburbs of Shkodra. The porosity and the

microhardness of these bronze axes (copper-tin alloy) were studied using image

analysis and the Vickers microhardness test. All the measurements were

performed on a 4mm2 sample that was permitted to be removed from each axe.

Pores in metallic alloys are created mostly during solidification, after casting,

because of gas evaporation such as oxygen. The pore surfaces became stress

concentration zones which leads to the alloys microhardness decrease. The more

ancient is the object the more non sophisticated is the production process, creating

microstructures with pores, cracks, etc. The mean porosity resulted to be 8.76 ±

0.09% for the celt axe and 2.06 ± 0.11% for the Albanian-Dalmatian one (from

six random field views), on the other hand the mean value of Vickers

microhardness was calculated 109.8HV and 167.8HV (absolute error ±1HV) for

these axes respectively. Many more samples and measurements would be needed

in order to determine a reliable mathematical relation between porosity and

microhardness.

Keywords: Albanian-Dalmatian axe, celt axe, porosity, Vickers microhardness,

production process.



41

COMPARISON OF Co-60 AND LINAC TREATMENT

PLANNING FOR PATIENT WITH DIFFERENT

DIAGNOSES AND STAGE

KUQI DH.1, KUQALI M.1, MYRKU R.2, DHIMA O.2, QEHAJAJ A.2, BITRI U.2,

AJAZI A.1

1Faculty of Mathematical Engineering and Physical Engineering Polytechnic University


2University Hospital “Mother Theresa “, Oncology Service, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Radiotherapy with external beams widely uses photon-like radiation produced by

linear accelerators. The method for constructing the treatment plans (Treatment

Planning System - TPS) is the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

(3D-CRT). This is one of the most commonly used methods for radiotherapy

patients at the University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana. The aim of

this study is the comparison of TPS with the Cobalt-60 and Linear Accelerator

for patients with different diagnoses and stages, by analysing dose-volume

histograms (DVH) as well as dose distribution in the tumor volume (Planning

Target Volume - PTV) and organs at risk (Organs At Risk - OAR). The plans that

are constructed and analysed in this study are planned for tumor-like patients in

the head, breast and pelvis. The comparison showed that the most efficient way

to treat patients is the one with accelerator because the combination of energies

and since the use of Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC) makes it possible to cover the

target volumes better and diminishes the dose for OAR. Comparative results are

respectively: for the head tumor Linac realizes PTV 98.6% versus 97.2% of Co-

60; for breast cancer, Linac realizes PTV 95.49% versus 61.96% of Co-60; for

the pelvis tumor, Linac realizes PTV 96.04% versus 72.16% of Co-60.

Keywords: treatment planning system, 3D conformal radiation therapy, dose

volume histogram, planning target volume, organs at risk



42

INFLUENCE OF YEARLY DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR

ENERGY ON THE FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR

COLLECTORS

HALILI D.1, BUZRA U.2

1Faculty of Natural Science, University “Aleksandër Xhuvani”, Elbasan, Albania

2 Faculty of Mathematical Engineering and Physical Engineering, Polytechnic

University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.


Abstract

Solar energy is one of the main sources of renewable energy in Albania, mainly

used for sanitary hot water production in apartment or houses. The object of this

study is to estimate the rate of fulfilment of annual needs through solar energy,

needs for compensated energy from the grid of electricity and their the influence

on the cost and feasibility of solar collectors. This study focuses on the city of

Tirana. Three different types of solar collectors are estimated. The average

monthly electrical energy compensation varies from 272 kWh to 77 kWh. The

month with the highest need for electrical energy compensation for all three types

results December, with an average value of about 9 kWh per day. The month with

the lowest need for electrical energy compensation results August for the three

models of solar collectors with an average value of about 3 kWh per day. The

cost of electrical energy compensated varies from 22.00€ in January to 4.00€ in

August.

Keywords: solar collector, solar energy, electrical energy compensation, cost of

energy



43

DETERMIATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC

FIELD IN THE INTERIORS OF FIM&IF, PUT

KUQALI M., KUQI DH., SHANO J.

Faculty of Mathematical Engineering and Physical Engineering, Polytechnic University



Abstract

This study aims to investigate the electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by

different sources located in the interiors of the FIM&IF, PUT. The measurements

are performed using the device EHP-50 (electric and magnetic field probe

analyser), which can measure frequencies from 1 Hz up to 400 kHz. The sources

of EMF studied are: 12 channels switch located at the faculty library, 12

computers located in the new computer room, the central server of the faculty,

and near the laboratory setup for the study of “electromagnetic induction" located

at the General Physics laboratory. Measurements are performed at 20 cm to 1 m

from the sources of electromagnetic field. From the measurements carried out

resulted that the electric and magnetic fields are few times lower than the

reference values set by the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation

Protection (ICNIRP), which are 1000 V/m for the electric field and 100 μT for

the magnetic field. The highest values of the electric field were measured within

the box where was held the switch (approx. 350 V/m at 50 Hz). However, as in

all other sources, that value decreases significantly with the distance from the

source.

Keywords: low frequency electromagnetic field, electric field, magnetic field,

ICNIRP



44

NITRIDING: FROM EXPERIMENTING TO

MODELLING

SYLA N.1, DILO T.2, ALIAJ F.1, ELEZAJ NJ.1, DALIPI B.3

1Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo


3Faculty of Education, University of Gjilan, Gjilan, Kosovo


Abstract

Nitriding is a thermochemical process which happens in temperatures above

500°C. During this process, the atomic nitrogen from the surrounding medium

diffuses into the ferritic material. The depth to which the nitrogen diffuses is

called the nitriding layer, while the surrounding medium can be solid, liquid or

gas. The practical purpose is the improvement of physical properties of materials,

which depends on the thickness and the shape of the nitriding layer. The latter

depends on the following: temperature, duration and the activity of the medium

(nitriding potential) in which the process is taking place, which are known as

nitriding parameters. We have explored nitriding in a gas medium for some alloy

steels. The experimental methods used are: metallography (optical microscopy

and micro-hardness), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer

(EPMA). Through these methods, among others, we have explored nitrogen

concentration and hardness profiles. In addition, using the Finite Element Method

(FEM) we have solved the equation of nitrogen diffusion in steel, and afterwards

modelled the curves of nitrogen concentration and hardness. We have compared

experimental and modelling results. We can conclude that these two approaches

produce comparable results thus complement each other.

Keyword: nitriding, nitriding layer, nitrogen concentration, hardness, XRD,

FEM



45

THE RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN

THERMAL WATER AND INDOOR AIR OF KOSOVO’S

SPAS

NAFEZI G.1, BAHTIJARI M.2

1Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo

2Faculty of Medicine, University “Hasan Prishtina”, Pristina, Kosovo


Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the radon activity concentrations in

indoor air and thermal water of five spas in Kosovo. Different active and passive

comparison methods for radon activity measurements were performed. Indoor air

radon concentrations in offices, baths and pools only in one case exceed 500 Bq

m-3. The radon activity concentrations in thermal water from the source is found

to be 314 Bq l-1, while from the baths, pool and tap water is found to be

respectively 270 Bq l-1, 108 Bq l-1 and 67 Bq l-1. As expected, the maximum radon

activity concentrations are found in the thermal water source. The high levels of

radon activity concentration in indoor air are found to be in good correlation with

radon concentrations in water. In addition, it was found a higher level of indoor

radon concentration in baths respect to that in pool.

Keywords: radon, indoor radon, spa, thermal water, active measurement



46

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY TESTING METHOD

AND ITS APPLICATIONS

ALUSHLLARI M.

Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Industrial radiography testing is a method of Non-destructive testing (NDT)

which is widely applied to verify quality control of products and to evaluate the

integrity and characteristics of material. Radiography Testing is used to detect

weld flaws, to evaluate failures, volumetric defects and indications. Also, it is

able to access internal and external geometry of materials and structures. The

main sources of radiation using in Radiography Testing are x-ray and gamma ray

Industrial radiography testing uses a source of X-rays or gamma radiation.

Radiation monitoring and protection in industrial radiography are based on

recognized international standards. The goal of this work is to present the physical

principle of Radiography Testing and its application in industry. Also, in this

paper is presented the use of Digital Radiography Technique for the identification

and evaluation of material defects.

Keywords: industrial radiography, non-destructive testing, material structure,

ISO EN 9712



47

THE STUDY OF REFLECTION SPECTRA AS AN

INDICATOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES ON

FRUIT TREES

MEMA M.1, KRISTO K.2, XHUVANI E.2, ÇATI O.2, BABANI F.2





Abstract

Objective of the study is to evaluate the activity of photosynthetic apparatus of

some fruit trees in the area of Tirana in the presence of environmental stresses to

which are exposed. The measurements were carried out with three types of leaves

(sun, half-shade and shade) of two different pear varieties: Santa Maria and

Abbas. The shape of the Chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra and reflection

spectra, as well as the values of certain ratios exhibit characteristics changes

between analysed leaves. This demonstrate structural and functional

modifications because of adaptation to different light environment. All

parameters and ratios allow characterizing differences between different pear

varieties evaluating the effects of growth conditions or stressors on the

functionality of photosynthetic apparatus.

Keywords: fruit trees, reflection spectra, photosynthetic pigments



48

IN SEARCH OF ILLYRIAN METALLURGY: CASE

STUDY OF IRON SLAG FOUNDED IN LURA

DUKA E.1, ÇAKAJ O.2, DILO T.2, QOKU E.3, CIVICI N.4, BUNGURI A.5




3Institut für Keramik, Glas- und Baustofftechnik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany


5Academy of Albanological Studies, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

Slag is the best material for studying ancient metallurgy. It can also help in the

search for the origin of the artifacts of iron as well as production technique. The

size, shape, microstructure of slag, resistance to corrosion and chemical

composition enable connection of slag and minerals, to detect specific treatments

minerals and specific technologies (increased flows, etc.). Mineralogical

composition study gives us more information on the conditions of formation. The

aim of this paper is to study slags founded from an expedition in northeastern of

Albania in Borie-Lurë. Different methods are used to analyze those slags, as

optical microscopy (reflected and polarized light) (OM) for micro structure

investigations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to define

the qualitative and quantitative phase, and chemical elements content and

Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

(SEM/EDS) too. The densities of the slag samples are measured. Not all samples

arefound to be magnetic. All samples examined in this study are fayalite-type

slag, and are considered products of iron metallurgy.

Keywords: iron slag, XRF, XRD, OM, SEM/EDS



49

ENERGETIC STUDY FOR RENEWABLE SOURCES IN

KARABURUN’S PENINSULA

MITRUSHI D.1, BËRDUFI I.2, SERDARI E.3, BERBERI P.1

1Faculty of Engineering Mathematics and Engineering Physics, Polytechnic University



3Department of Engineering and Maritime Technology, University of Vlora, Vlora,

Albania


Abstract

Considering the importance of studies, the projects and research activities made

in this area in this study a complementary energetic base method is performed.

The potential contribution of renewable energy is analyzed, using short-term data

and long-term data. Calculations for wind and solar are made using long-term

data, (1981 to 2014), for a typical meteorological year. For implementation of

renewables energies one of the solution is a hybrid system hydro-solar-wind. The

operation of this system is to be based in the complementarity between the two

sources, solar and wind, and existing hydropower and wind. This method is a

reference for application of more complex methods. Monthly average data allows

the comparison of renewable resources with different characteristics of

intermittency and variability. The results show a good complementarity between

the two sources of solar and wind energy.

Keywords: complementary, hybrid system, long-term data, energetic method



50

LEAST EARTHQUAKES IN ALBANIA

HYSENLLI M.

Construction Institute, Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy, Tirana, Albania



Abstract

On 1st June 2019 Albania was being hit by several shocks of an earthquake which

the biggest, for about 10 seconds at the early morning, was followed by at least

20 aftershocks, of which 6 were strongest. Moderate earthquakes continued in the

following days with low magnitude. It is said to be one of strong earthquakes on

our country with very serious damage to buildings. After three months, these

shocks were travelling from southeast to west, which spread panic on people and

caused a lot of material damage. The earthquake is a vibration of the earth caused

by the movement of tectonic plates. Usually this oscillation occurs at the point

where the two plates unite. The earthquake occurs when a large part of the earth

called tectonic plates slips. In total, there are seven major tectonic plates (African,

Anthracic. Eurasia, Indo Australia, North America, the Pacific, and South

America.), and some secondary. Earthquakes are usually followed by a few other

oscillations after the main one called aftershock, which can take days or weeks

until the plate is in equilibrium. On this paper, we will talk about the longitudinal

and transverse waves created during an earthquake, which causes damages on

buildings.

Keywords: earthquake, magnitude, intensity, earthquake prediction



51

A CASE STUDY OF HYDROMETRIC VARIABLES IN

THE LAKES OF DRIN CASCADE, ALBANIA

SULA S., PRENGA D.



Abstract

In this work we have considered a combined study of the hydrometric data for the

HPP lakes on the Drin River, Albania. In the first stage we analyzed the overall

behavior of the time data series to acknowledge and to consider the possible

critical behavior. In this case we analyzed the fractal structure and self-

organization dynamics in the variables characterizing the system. Herein, the

water level on the dams is considered as response parameter and the side inflows,

hourly flows, discharges coming from the next lakes were taken as predictor. So,

the assumed problem consists in the adjustment of the controllable parameters to

keep under control the water quotes. This problem has been solved traditionally

by implementing a rigid regulation from the management bodies, and we propose

to explore other means and methods of a less restrictions in the benefit of the

production and diminishing side effects of the huge discharges. After

identification of the quasi-anxious regimes in the water levels quotes, we

implemented neural network calculation and used it to simulate a smoother

behavior of the response variable. The results obtained for a period including

intensive raining shows that the complexity was difficult to be avoided, whereas

for calmer situation smother results were obtained by appropriate modification of

the operational regimes and discharges feeding the lake. We observed that this

modeling was capable to predict better scenarios in the sense of avoiding

awkward self-organization regimes. However, the self-organization behavior and

multifractality presence in predictor variable series, limited the further

improvement of the outcomes. In general, the results become more accurate if we

limited our study in the zones where the self-organization is not typical in any

predictor.

Keywords: hydrometric, neural network, complexity, multifractal



52

INVESTIGATION OF THE PIGMENTS USED IN TWO

16th CENTURY ICONS ATTRIBUTTED TO ONUFRI:

NON-DESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS BY A PORTABLE

XRF SPECTOMETER

MERKAJ E.1, CIVICI N.2

1Albanian University, Engeenering Department, Tirana, Albania

2Metropolitan University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

The studied icons are attributed to Onufri from Neokastra, who is considered the

best painter that had ever worked in Albanian territory and one of the best for the

whole Balkan region. Onufri is the creator of the “Berati School", a school that

expanded not only in central and southern Albania, but also in northern Greece,

western Macedonia, etc., becoming one of the most important iconographic

schools of the peninsula during the 16-17th centuries. The studied icons are

painted with the technique of tempera on wooden support and are exposed at

“Onufri” museum in the city of Berati (central Albania). The main objective of

the study was the collection of data on the materials used by Onufri that on one

hand can help to understand the painting technique and on the other hand can be

used for conservation purposes. A portable XRF spectrometer assembled at our

laboratory was used for the in-situ non-destructive examination of the icons. The

spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si

PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. The results of the

measurements indicate that the preparation layer was made of gypsum while the

palette includes the following inorganic pigments: lead white, gold, yellow and

red ochre, vermilion, red lead, a copper-based green and probably carbon black.

Keywords: XRF spectrometer, inorganic pigments, X-Ray tube, Onufri, Berat,

Albania


53


(STUDENT SESSION)


54

THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL FACTOR ON

GYPSUM AND ITS COMPOUND WITH

POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS

ZENGO XH., MAHMUDI N.

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Republic

of North Macedonia


Abstract

Gypsum is a mineral belonging to the group of sulfates, i.e., sulfuric acid, which

is often found in the earth's crust. The gypsum chemical name is calcium sulfate

dihydrate (CaSO4 × 2H2O). In this paper, two main types hemihydrates, α and β,

were prepared and studied in the shape of prisms. These hemihydrates are

reinforced to see if the properties of the gypsum change, aiming to obtain a much

stronger material than gypsum itself. The polypropylene fibers used are 8 mm

long and 18 μm thick and the mass used is 1 % fibers of the mass of gypsum. The

prisms created are dried in different temperatures, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and since

55° C is known as the weakest drying point, the aim is to see if these properties

change when the gypsum in mixed with fibers. The values of the samples with

plain gypsum are going to be compared with the new composition created with

fibers. The testing methods used are in flexure and compression where it is

measured the maximum tension of destruction.

Keywords: gypsum, polypropylene, fibers, thermal factor, flexure, compression



55

PROTECTION FROM IONIZING RADIATION:

GAMMA RADIATION

BALLIU A.1, XHIXHA M.2


2Faculty of Professional Studies, University “Aleksander Moisiu”, Durrës, Albania


Abstract

In this work, the three key mechanisms of the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably

Achievable) principle for ionizing radiation protection are analyzed: time,

distance and shielding. The NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors are used to detect

gamma radiation emitted by 137Cs (661.7 keV) and 241Am (59.5 keV) point

sources. Experimental data demonstrate that the dose from different sources of

radiation is proportional to the exposure time and the optimization of residence

time is an important factor in minimizing it. The dose dependence on distance

decreases with increasing the distance from them and is specifically found to be

proportional to the inverse of the square of the distance. The order of the power

of the distance is found to be 1.97 ± 0.02 compared to the theoretical value of 2,

i.e. within the measurement uncertainty. In cases where time and distance

protection can not be accomplished in an acceptable manner, the shieldign of

radiation sources using lead results to be efficient. The penetration capacity of

661.7 keV of 137Cs in case of lead resulted to be HVL(Pb)=0.56 cm, comparable

with the literature data. For the implementation of this principle, it is

recommended to carry out analysis of concrete situations based on the cost-

benefit method, which optimizes the cost of health damage caused by exposure

to the benefits derived from ionizing radiation practices.

Keywords: gamma radiation, dosimetry, ALARA, scintillation detector, HVL



56

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND

SCHIZOPHRENIA ANALYSIS

TAIWO MUTIU F., ABIODUN AKEEM H., SAMSON OLUSOLA A.

1Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo Univeristy, Ile Ife,

Nigeria


Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCH) is one type of psychiatric disorder and it is characterized by

either positive or negative psychotic symptoms. The diagnosis of SCH is

completely based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders IV

(DSM-IV). The electrical activity of the brain can be studied using

Electroencephalogram (EEG). Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to analyze

the EEG of SCH to determine whether it can be used as a pre-screening tool to

identify SCH. The protocol involves recording conventional EEGs during mental

activity. The conventional method of EEG recording follows these conditions:

resting with eyes closed, Hyperventilation (HV), Post-Hyperventilation (PHV),

and Photic-Stimulation(PS). Two modified visual odd ball stimuli are designed

to record EEG during mental activity, and they are named as Stimulus1 and

Stimulus2. An EEG is recorded totally from 52 SCH and 29 normal subjects. The

power spectrum study is carried out in two ways: absolute power analysis and

peak power and frequency analysis. To study the characteristic changes of EEG,

absolute power of delta (δ), theta (θ), alpha (α), and beta (β) band were calculated

and they are the selected features. The significant features from absolute power,

peak power and the corresponding frequency and complexity analysis in each

recording condition were grouped according to the recording conditions. Thus, it

can be concluded that, EEG during mental activity strongly support with routine

clinical EEG for discriminating SCH. Therefore, the EEG can be used as a pre-

screening tool to identify SCH.

Keywords: electroencephalogram, schizophrenia, psychotic symptom,

diagnostic statistical manual, mental activity



57

STUDING ASTEROIDS THROUGH STELLAR

OCCULTATION

GJEPALI A.1, HAFIZI M.1, BUNECI E.2


2Astrophysics Center, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

In this work we aim to study asteroids through stellar occultations. The period of

study was from February to June 2019 and 12 occultations were considered. The

observations were conducted using the Celestron telescope with 20.32cm

aperture, while the film is proceeded by the “Adobe Photoshop CS6” program.

One stellar occultation was successfully filmed. By studying the coordinates of

the star and asteroid and the distance of the asteroid from the star, the occultation

time was calculated. The occultation has happened some minutes before it was

predicted. We performed the analysis of our data to test the main factors

influencing the occultation filming. The obtained results have shown that the most

of the difficulties of filming such events were the poor weather conditions, the

position of the stars and asteroids, the presence of the full Moon, the need of a

sensitive camera and a telescope with an aperture greater than 20.32cm to enable

filming of a stellar occultation.

Keywords: asteroid, star, stellar occultation, occultation time, light flush



58

OPTICAL PHENOEMENA IN THE ATMOPHERE:

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING

LEKA A.1, MIÇO S.1, JONIDA B.2


2High School “Ismail Qemali”, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

In this work we investigate scientific knowledge of high school students about

optical phenomena in the atmosphere. The sample included 230 eleventh grade

students in two high schools. The problem about understanding of optical

phenomena was identified through the application of a pretest during the first

semester 2018. The results showed a poor level of understanding and scientific

explanations of these phenomena. Although the students had knowledge about

the structure of the atmosphere and the basic laws in optics there was a lack of

knowledge about interaction of light with matter. The method used to solve this

problem was the transmission of additional information to these students with the

intent to use the observation and the interaction of light with matter as the

fundamental way to undersanding an optical phenomenon in the atmoshpere. A

post-test was developed after these additional information and instructions. In this

work the results of the statistical analyses of pre and post-tests are presented. The

post-test results showed a significant difference in achievement of a scientific

explanation. Our results suggest that understanding of physical phenomena is

developed through observation and scientific explanation and there is a need to

include in high school physics curriculum a simplified treatment about interaction

of light with matter present in the atmosphere.

Keywords: atmosphere, light, interaction, optical phenomena



59

THE STATE OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATION IN

ALBANIAN HIGH SCHOOLS

KORDHAKU B.1, HAFIZI M.1, BUNECI E.2


2Astrophysics Center, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania


Abstract

This work presents a case study conducted with high school students in Tirana,

Albania. The objective of this study was to investigate the situation of

astronomical observation in Albanian schools and the student’s passion for

astronomy. Investigation was carried out using a questionnaire designed to access

the relevant information. The sample included 241 students of four high schools

in grades 10-12. Questionnaire was developed during the last semester 2019. The

data was analysed by using SPSS Statistics software. The resulting analysis

showed that the astronomical observation does not exist as a method of teaching.

However, despite this situation, students demonstrated great interest for the field

of astronomy. Suggestions of various ways to improve the current situation of

astronomical observation in our schools are presented.

Keywords: amateur astronomy, astronomical observation, celestial phenomena,

observation tools



60

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SECONDARY PHYSICS

CURRICULUM BETWEEN ALBANIA AND UNITED

KINGDOM: ELECTRIC FIELD CONCEPT

MALJA D., MIÇO S.



Abstract

The recently developed Physics Curriculum in Albania has been adapted

according to the world's largest provider of international programs and

qualifications for Pre-University Education, United Kingdom. This study aims to

examine to what level and extent physics curriculum in Albania compared to UK

reflects electric field concepts and principles. The data were collected from

websites of educational institutes in two countries and differences were analyzed.

Through this study it was ascertained that the discrepancy between education

system in UK and Albania prevents a qualitative development of such curriculum

in the latter. The results from the study show that a revision of Physics Curriculum

in Albania is necessary to increase students’ conceptual understanding of physics

to a higher level.

Keywords: physics curriculum, electric field, comparative study, Albania,

United Kingdom


ISBN: 978-9928-4578-1-3

20-22 November 2019, Tirana, Albania - INFN Ferrara

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