VARIASI PEMAKAIAN BAHASA JAWA PADA MASYARAKAT KELAS...

vi

DAFTARA ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................................. i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................. ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................ iii

PRAKATA .............................................................................................................................. iv

DAFTARA ISI ........................................................................................................................ vi

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................... viii

ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA ....................................................................................... ix

ABSTRAK BAHASA INGGRIS ............................................................................................ x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ……………………………………………………… ................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ………………………………………………… ............... 1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 5

1.5 Kajian Pustaka ............................................................................................. 6

1.6 Landasan Teori ............................................................................................ 8

1.6.1 Variasi Bahasa .............................................................................. 8

1.6.2 Kode Lengkap dan Kode Terbatas ................................................ 10

1.6.3 Konsep Penggunaan Bahasa .......................................................... 11

1.6.4 Ranah Penggunaan Bahasa ............................................................ 13

1.6.5 Komponen Tutur ........................................................................... 14

1.6.6 Masyarakat Kelas Bawah .............................................................. 17

1.6.6.1 Definisi Kemiskinan ..................................................... 17

1.6.6.1 Ukuran Kemiskinan ...................................................... 20

1.6.7 Bahasa dan Masyarakat Kelas Bawah ........................................... 23

1.6.7.1 Jenis-jenis Variasi .................................................... 23

1.6.7.2 Variasi Fonologi ....................................................... 24

1.6.7.3 Variasi Morfofonemis .............................................. 25

1.6.7.4 Variasi Eksternal ...................................................... 25

1.6.7.5 Munculnya Variasi ................................................... 26

1.6.7.6.a Faktor Geografi ........................................................ 26

1.6.7.6.b Faktor Sosial............................................................. 28

1.7 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................. 30

1.7.1 Sumber Data .................................................................................. 30

1.7.2 Bahan/Materi Penelitian ................................................................ 31

1.7.3 Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 31

1.7.4 Metode Ananlisis Data .................................................................. 32

1.8 Sistematika Penyajian ................................................................................. 32

BAB II DESKRIPSI DAERAH PENELITIAN . .................................................... 33

2.1 Letak Geografis .................................................................................. 33

2.2 Penduduk dan Mata Pencaharian ........................................................... 34

2.3 Kegiatan Keagamaan ............................................................................. 35

2.4 Kegiatan Budaya .................................................................................. 37

VARIASI PEMAKAIAN BAHASA JAWA PADA MASYARAKAT KELAS BAWAH (STUDI KASUS DI DESA NGAGLIK, KELURAHAN GIWANGAN, KECAMATAN UMBULHARJO,YOGYAKARTA)ZULTIYANTI, DRA.Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2015 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

vii

2.5 Bahasa yang Digunakan ........................................................................ 42

BAB III HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................ 43

3.1 Variasi Fonologi ................................................................................. 43

3.1.1 Variasi Vokal .......................................................................... 43

3.1.1.1 Variasi Vokal /a/ manjadi /ə/ ............................... 43

3.1.1.2 Variasi Vokal /a/ menjadi /a/ dan /o/ ..................... 49

3.1.1.3 Variasi Vokal /u/ menjadi /a/ ................................. 49

3.1.1.4 Variasi Vokal /i/ menjadi /ə/ .................................. 51

3.1.2 Variasi Konsonan .................................................................. 53

3.1.2.1 Variasi Konsonan /z, f, v, kh, dz/........................... 53

3.1.2 .2 Netralisasi .............................................................. 61

3.1.2.2.a Netralisasi /p, b ................................. 61

3.1.2.2.b Netralisasi /t, d/ ................................. 63

3.1.2.2.c Netralisasi /k, g/ ................................ 65

3.1.2.3 Penyisispan dan Penambahan Bunyi /ng, m, n ..... / 66

3.1.2.4 Penyisipan Semivokal ........................................... 71

3.1.2.5 Pemendekan .......................................................... 72

3.1.2.5.a Pemendekan tiga suku kata menjadi

dua suku kata ................................... 74

3.1.2.5.b Pemendekan dua suku kata menjadi

satu suku kata .................................. 75

3.1.2.6 Pelesapan Bunyi ..................................................... 76

3.1.2.7 Penambahan dan Pergeseran Bunyi ....................... 82

3.2 Variasi Morfologi .............................................................................. 83

3.2.1 Variasi Penggunaan Afiks ...................................................... 83

3.2.1.1 Variasi Penggunaan Akhiran /-an/ menjadi /-ang/ . 83

3.2.1.2 Variasi Penggunaan Akhiran /e/ menjadi /-ne/ ...... 86

3.2.1.3 Variasi Penggunaan Akhiran /-ke/ menjadi /-ake/ 88

3.2.1.4 Variasi Penggunaan Prefiks /di-/ .......................... 89

3.2.1.5 Variasi Penggunaan Konfiks ................................. 93

3.2.2 Reduplikasi ............................................................................. 95

3.2.2.1 Reduplikasi Penuh ................................................. 96

3.2.2.2 Reduplikasi Parsial ................................................ 100

3.3 Variasi Sintaksis ............................................................................... 101

3.4 Variasi Kosa Kata ............................................................................... 121

3.5 Variasi Krama Desa ............................................................................ 122

3.6 Penyebab Terjadinya Variasi ............................................................. 126

3.6.1 Faktor Linguistik ...................................................................... 127

3.6.2 Faktor Sosiolinguistik ............................................................... 128

BAB 1V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ………………………… ....................... 130

4.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 130

4.2 Saran ............................................................................... 133

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 134

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................... 137


viii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1 : variasi fonologi , vocal /a/ menjadi vocal /ə/, /e/, dan /ɛ / ........................................ 48

Tabel 2: variasi vocal /u/ menjadi /ə/ .................................................................................... 51

Tabel 3: variasi dengan penyisispan, dan penambahan bunyi /m,n, dan ŋ/ ........................... 60

Tabel 4: variasi konsonan /z, v,f, kh, dz/ ............................................................................... 70

Tabel 5: variasi klaster .......................................................................................................... 80

Tabel 6: variasi suku kata ...................................................................................................... 82

Tabel 7: variasi akhiran /-an/ ................................................................................................. 85

Tabel 8: variasi konfiks ......................................................................................................... 95

Tabel 9: variasi kosa kata ...................................................................................................... 122

Tabel 10: variasi kosa kata krama desa .................................................................................. 126


VARIASI PEMAKAIAN BAHASA JAWA PADA MASYARAKAT KELAS...

Documents

Transcript of VARIASI PEMAKAIAN BAHASA JAWA PADA MASYARAKAT KELAS...