s1 Ikm Epid (Pengantar) 2013

8/11/2019 s1 Ikm Epid (Pengantar) 2013

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Prof.DR.Dr.Soeharyo Hadisaputro, Sp.PD.K-PTI, FINASIM


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FIN L DEVELOPMENT OF

EPIDEMIOLOGY DEFINITION

Originally, epidemiology was concerned with

epidemics of communicable diseases.More recently, epidemiologic methods have

been applied to chronic diseases, injuries,

violence, birth defects, maternal-childhealth, occupational health, environmental

health, disaster, family planning, etc.


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FINAL DEVELOPMENT OF


Greek words : epi (upon) and Demos

(people); logos = science.

Last (1988) :

Includes of the application of this

study to the control of health problems.

Epidemiolgy is often referred to as the

basic science of public health.


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Theories of Disease

Causation

Supernatural Theories Hippocratic Theory

Miasma

Theory of Contagion

Germ Theory (cause shown viaHenle-Koch postulates)

Classic Epidemiologic Theory

Multicausality and Webs ofCausation (cause shown via Hills

postulates)


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SENIOR EPIDEMIOLOGIST

IN THE WORLD

(1) ANTONIO V.LEUWENHOEK (1632)

(2) ROBERT KOCH (1882)

(3) MAX VAN PATTERNKOFER

(4) JOHN SNOW (1854)

(5) PERVICAL POTT

(6) JAMES LIND (1747)

(7) DOLL and HILL


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Dr. John Snow (1813-1858)


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PUBLIC HEALTH (Winslow,

1920)Public Health is the science and art of (1)prevent ing d isease, (2) prolo ng ing of l i fe, and (3)

promot ing of heal th and eff ic iencythrough

organized community effort for (a) the sanitation of

the environment (b) the control of communicableinfections the education of the individual in

personal hygiene (d) the organization of medical

and nursing service for the early diagnosis and

preventive treatment of disease (e) the developmentof the social of living adequate for the maintenance

of health, so organizing these benefits and enable

every citizen to realize his birthright of health and

longevity.


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JENIS TEN G KESEH T N

(kemampuan epidemiologi)

1) EPID Orientasi manager ? (mengerti

konsep-2 epid umum & bagaimana

menggunakannya)

2) EPID Profesional ? (epid deskriptif, epid

analitik, prinsip-2 epid & familier thd peny,

masalah kes & desain epid)

3) EPID Orientasi paramedik (petugas

kesehatan terkait- koleksi dan organisasi data

rutin)


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THE RELATION BETWEEN EPIDEMIOLOGY

AND CLINICAL MEDICINE

POPULATION INDIVIDUALS---------------------- ----------------

Studies/Assesment Diagnosis

Prevention Treatment

Evaluation Curing

Planning Caring

G S


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HIRSCH (1883) :

Epidemiologi adalah suatu

gambaran kejadian,penyebaran dari jenis-jenispenyakitpada manusia, pd

saat tertentu di bumi dankaitannya dgn kondisieksternal.

PERKEMBANGAN DEFINISIEPIDEMIOLOGI (1)

PERKEMBANGAN DEFINISI


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GREENWOOD (1934) :Epidemiologi adalah suatu ilmutentang penyakitdan segala macam

kejadian.W.HAMPTON FROST (1972) :Epidemiologi adalah pengetahuan

tentang berbagai fenomena (massphenomen)penyakit infeksiatausebagai riwayat alamiah penyakit(natural history of disease.




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MAC MAHON (1970) :Epidemiologi adalah studi tentangpenyebaran dan penyebab frekuensipenyakitpada manusia dan mengapa terjadi distribusi semacam itu.

R.MORTON, JR.HEBEL :Epidemiology is the study of thedistribution and determinant ofdiseases. We try to find out who getsthe disease and why.




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ABDEL R.OMRAN (1970) :Epidemiologi sebagai suatu ilmumengenai terjadinya dan distribusikeadaan kesehatan, penyakit danperubahan pd pddk, begitu jugadeterminannyaserta akibat yg terjadipd kel. pddk.

ANDRES and S.NOREL (1989) :EpidemiologI adalah ilmupengetahuan mengenai terjadinya

penyakit pada populasimanusia.




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L.H.ROHF and B.J.SELWYNEpidemiology is the descriptionand explanation of the

differences in occuranceofevents of medical concern insubgroup of population, where

the population has beensubdivided according to somecharacteristic according believedto influence of the event.




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LILIENFELD (1977)Epidemiologi adalah suatumetode pemikiran tentang

penyakit yang berkaitandengan penilaian biologis danberasal dari pengamatan

suatu tingkat kesehatanpopulasi.




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ELIZABETH BARRETTEpidemiology is study of thedistribution and causes of diseases.

JS.MAUSNER, A.K.BAHN :Epidemiology is concerned with the

extend and type of illness and injuresin groups of peopleand with thefactors which influence theirdistribution.




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LAST (1988)

Epidemiology is study of thedistributionand determinantsof health-relatedstates orevents is specified populationsand the application of thisstudy tocontrol of problems.



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FIN L DEVELOPMENT OF


The application of epidemiology to

study behaviors related to health and

well being is known as behavioralepidemiology.

The applicationn of population basedinformation to decision making about

individual patients is often reffered to

as clinical epidemiology.


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DIAGNOSIS:

(*) Clinical diagnosis strategies

(*) The clinical selection

(*) The selection of diagnostic test(*) The interprataion of diagnostic data

(*) Early diagnosis.

MANAGEMENT :(*) Making prognosis

(*) Deciding on the best therapy

(*) Deciding wether your treatment has done

harm.

AREA OF CLINICAL

EPIDEMIOLOGY


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KEY CONCEPTS

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution anddeterminants of diseaseswithin human

populations.

Epidemiology can be used for descriptivepurposes, such as surveillance of the occurrence

(incidence) of a particular illness.

Epidemiology can be used for analytic purposes,such as studying risk factors for diseasedevelopment.


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KEY CONCEPTS

Epidemiologic methods can be used to assess theperformance of diagnostic test.

Epidemiology can be used to study theprogression or natural history of diseases.

Epidemiology methods can be used to studyprognostic factors, which are determinants of theprogression of a disease.

Epidemiology can be used to evaluate treatment

for a disease.


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CONCEPT OF HEALTH STATUS

(1) THE TRADITIONAL (ECOLOGICAL) MODEL : (a)

Agent (b) Host Environment

(2) THE HEALTH FIELD CONCEPT (HLLamframboise, 1973) : (a) Environment (b) Life

style Biological (d) System of health service.

(3) THE ENVIRONMENT OF HEALTH (H.L.Blum,

1974; The Force field and wellbeing paradigms of

health) : (a) Environment (b) Behaviour (Life style)

Health service and (d) Heridity.


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PSYCHO-SOCIO-

SOMATICHEALTH

(well being)

HERE

DIT

Y

CULTURAL

SYSTEMS

POPULATIONSize distributin, growth rate

gene pool

NATURAL

RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTphysical andman made,

socio-cultural,economic, education,employment

HEALTH CARE SERVICESprevention, cure,

rehabilitation

ECOLOGICAL

BALANCE

BE

HAVIOR

MENTAL HEALTHEmotional satisfaction

Intelectual efficiency

adaptability


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s1 Ikm Epid (Pengantar) 2013

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