Adjective Clause (Penggunaan Who, Whom, Whose, Which, dll)

Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun. Untuk lebih jelasnya penjelasan mengenai Adjective Clause, perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Contoh:

I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.

Main Clause: I have read the book.Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned.

Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause

The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult.

Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult.Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning.

Berdasarkan pada the Antecedent yang ditunjuk oleh introductory words (kata-kata pendahulunya), Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:

1. Relative Pronoun

Kata Ganti Orang

Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That

Fungsi :

a. Subjek:

- He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work

b. Objek Kata Kerja:

- He paid the man whom/that he had hired.

c. Objek Kata Depan:

- He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.

d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan:

- This is the girl whose picture you saw.

Benda, Binatang

Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that

Fungsi:

a. Subjek:

- Here is a book which/that describes animals.

b. Objek Kata Kerja:

- The chair which/that he broke is being repaired.

c. Objek Kata Depan:

- She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00.

2. Relative Adverbs

Waktu

Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when

- This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.

Tempat

Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where

- Here is the house where I live.

Alasan

Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when

- Give me one good reason why you did that.

_________________________

1. Relative Pronoun

Yaitu Adjective Clause dengan memakai kata penghubung Relative Pronoun.

The boy is called Bob. He gave me a present.

o The boy who gave me a present is called Bob. atau

o The boy who is called Bob gave me a present.

Beberapa contoh Adjective Clause lainnya:

The boy whose radio was stolen is a student.

The girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student.

The bike which I borrowed last week was sold.

2. Relative Adverb

Pelajaran tentang ini dibahas lebih lengkap pada Relative Clause. Hal-hal yang perlu ditambahkan di sini, yaitu:

Kata Why (yang menunjukkan alasan) yang menjadi Adverb penghubung, mungkin (kadang-kadang) dapat digantikan dengan that atau kadang-kadang dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat.

- The reason (that) I came should be obvious to you.- The reason (why) I came should be obvious to you.- The reason I came should be obvious to you.

When atau Where Bering dapat Baling ditukarkan dengan Preposition yang menunjukkan tempat (a preposition of Place) ditambah dengan Which.

- The small town in which (= where) I was born has grown to a large metropolis.- The day on which (= when) they were to leave finally arrived.

Kadang-kadang that dapat menggantikan where atau when.

The day that (or when, on which) the trial was to take place was a stormy one.

Please suggest a good place that (or where) we can meet

Beberapa Hal Penting yang Berkaitan dengan Adjective Clause

Perubahan dari Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.

o Adjective Clause dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase yang menjelaskan noun tanpa ada perubahan arti kalimat.

o Hanya Adjective Clause yang mempunyai subjek pronoun: who, which atau that yang dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.

o Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.

Perhatikan Contoh berikut:

a. Adjective Clause

* The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa.==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent.

b. Adjective Phrase

* The girl sitting next to me is Lisa.==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.

Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.

(1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan.

* Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan.* Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan.

* Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.* Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

* Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget.* Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget.

* Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine.* Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine.

(2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

* Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.* Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.

* Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.* Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

Seringkali Adjective Clause digunakan dalam pola: noun + of which. Pola ini terutama digunakan untuk tulisan bahasa Inggris resmi (formal written English). Dalam pola ini biasanya Adjective Clause menerangkan "sesuatu".

* We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay.

o We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay.

o We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay.

o We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay.

Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which, dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini.

Ungkapan kuantitas dengan "of" antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of, each of, most of, dll.

* There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java.--> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java.

* He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid.--> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid.

Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses

Pedoman umum dalam Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses yaitu:

o Jangan menggunakan tanda koma bila Adjective Clause diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.

o Gunakanlah tanda koma bila Adjective Clause hanya berfungsi untuk memberi informasi tambahan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.

Henry whose wife works at a bank came to my house yesterday.

Alex, whose wife works at a bank, came to my house yesterday.

Keterangan:

Contoh pertama menggambarkan bahwa Henry memiliki lebih dari 1 istri. Pada kalimat tersebut pembicara ingin mengindentifikasikan istrinya yang bekerja di Bank, bukan yang lainnya.

Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, kita sudah jelas, kalau Alex memiliki hanya 1 orang istri. Frase yang berada di antara koma hanya memberikan keterangan tambahan saja. Tanpa frase tersebut pun orang lain sudah mengetahuinya kalau istrinya Alex memang bekerja di sebuah Bank karena memang istrinya cuma 1 itu.

Perhatikan contoh berikut ini untuk lebih jelasnya dalam penggunaan tanda koma dalam Adjective Clause.

o Soekarno, who is the first President of Republic of Indonesia, could deliver speech well.

Perbedaan antara Adjective Clause dan Noun Clause

Karena adanya kesamaan dalam beberapa kata pendahulunya, maka kadang-kadang antara Noun Clause dan Adjective Clause sering membingungkan.

Ada 2 macam perbedaan yang penting antara dua jenis Clause tersebut: perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

Adjective Clause biasanya didahului oleh noun atau pronoun yang diterangkan.Adjective Clause

I know the house where he lives.

(where he lives mempunyai antecedent the house, yang merupakan objek dari kata know)

Noun Clause

I know where he lives.

(where he lives adalah objek dari kata know)

Preposisi yang mendahului introductory word adalah milik Adjective Clause dan bukan milik Noun Clause.

Adjective Clause

The woman to whom he has been giving money is a poor relative of his.

(Adjective Clause dimulai dengan to yang merupakan bentuk a prepositional phrase dengan whom dalam Adjective Clause itu. Dan To dapat diletakkan di bagian belakang Adjective Clause. The woman, whom he has been giving money to, is a poor relative of his).

Noun Clause

He gives money to whoever needs it.

(The Noun Clause dimulai dengan whoever, seluruh Noun Clause itu adalah objek dari to, yang tidak dapat dipindah letaknya. Dan juga -ever- merupakan bentuk yang hanya bergandeng (mengikuti) dengan Noun Clause.

Active dan Passive Voice

1. SBY and Budiono won the general election. SBY and Budiono are won by the general election. The general election is won by SBY and Budiono.

The general election was won by SBY and Budiono.

The general election were won by SBY and Budiono.

2. Robby will buy John a new cloth. John will be bought by Robby a new cloth. John would be bought a new cloth by Robby.

A new cloth will be bought by Robby for John.

A new cloth will be bought by John for Robby.

3. Some students are going to arrange a reunion party at school next month. A reunion party are going to arrange by some students at school next month. A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.

A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.

A reunion party is going to be arranged by some students at school next month.

4. Neither James nor Jenny has been told yet. James has told Jenny already. Jenny has told James already.

Nobody has told James and Jenny.

They have told either James or Jenny.

5. My book was stolen. Someone stole my book. Someone has stolen my book

Someone have stolen my book.

Someone was stealing my book

6. My father enlarged and repainted the house.

The house is enlarged by my father and repainted. The house was enlarged and repainted by my father.

The house was being enlarged and repainted by my father.

The house was to enlarge and repaint by my father.

7. My friend is reading a book in the classroom. A book is read by my friend in the classroom. A book is readed by my friend in the classroom.

A book is be reading by my friend in the classroom.

A book is being read by my friend in the classroom.

(S + is/am/are + being + verb3 + by + O.)

8. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal. The goal is won by Cristiano Ronaldo scored The goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.

The winning goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.

The winning goal was scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.

(S + was/were + verb3 + by + O.)

9. After class, one of the students always erases the whiteboard. After class, the whiteboard is always erased by one of the students. After class, the whiteboard are always erased by one of the students.

After class, the whiteboard is always being erased by one of the students.

After class, the whiteboard always is erased by one of the students.

(S + is/am/are + verb3 + by + O)

10. I am happy now. Happy is now by me. Happiness is by me now.

The happiness is now by me.

None of the above options are correct.

Tidak ada bentuk pasif jika kalimatnya tidak menggunakan kata kerja.

Simple Present vs Present Continuous

1.

Most story writer smoke when writing. Most story writer smoking when writing.

Most story writers are smoking when writing.

Most story writers smoke when writing.

2. Her son is sick. She feels sadly. Her son is sick. She is feeling sadly.

Her son is being sick. She feels sad.

Her son is sick. She feels sad.

3. James usually study English at this time. However, he watches TV now. James usually studies English at this time. However, he watches TV now.

James usually study English at this time. However, he is watching TV now.

James usually studies English at this time. However, he is watching TV now.

4. My teacher always becomes angry when he finds out that we did not do our homework. My teacher is always becoming angry when he finds out that we do not doing our

homework.

My teacher always become angrily when he finds out that we do not do our homework.

My teacher is always becoming angrily when he finds out that we are not doing our homework.

5. What do you do now? Oh, I don't do anything. What are you doing now? Oh, I don't do anything.

What are you doing now? Oh, I am not doing anything.

What did you do? Oh, I don't do anything.

6. I am not remembering anything. Everything is gone. I do not remembering anything. Everything is gone.

I do not remember anything. Everything is gone.

I do not remember anything. Everything is being gone.

7. Susan is sweeping the floor while Sussie is sitting on the sofa. Susan sweep the floor while Sussie sits on the sofa.

Susan sweeps the floor while Sussie sits on the sofa.

Susan sweeps the floor while Sussie sitting on the sofa.

8. Look at Joni and Andrew over there! They both look very serious. What do you think

they are talking about? Looking at Joni and Andrew over there! They are both looking very seriously. What are

you thinking they are talking about?

Look at Joni and Andrew over there! They both look very seriously. What do you think they are talking about?

Look at Joni and Andrew over there! They are both looking very seriously. What do you think they are talking about?

9. My father is having three houses. He is selling one of them now. My father haves three houses. He is selling one of them now.

My father is having three houses. He sells one of them now.

My father has three houses. He is selling one of them now.

10. Dany and Danu are listening to a rock song. The song sounds so loud that I can hear it

from here. Dany and Danu is listening a rock song. The song is sounding so loud that I can listen to it

from here.

Dany and Danu are hearing a rock song. The song is sounding so loud that I can hear it from here.

Dany and Danu is listening to a rock song. The song sounds so loud that I can listen to it from here.

Simple Present vs Past Tense

1. Orang tuaku sangat menyayangiku walaupun "mereka kadang-kadang memarahiku". they are sometimes mad at me they were sometimes mad at me

2. "Michael Jackson tetap raja Pop" walaupun dia telah mati beberapa minggu yang lalu. Michael Jackson remained the king of pop Michael Jackson remains the king of pop

3. "Saya selalu bersama almarhum pacar saya setiap akhir pekan" I was always with my late girlfriend every weekend I am always with my late girlfriend every weekend

4. Waktu perusahaan saya berkembang pesat, "saya biasanya menghabiskan waktu liburan saya di Bali". Sekarang, perusahaan saya telah bangkrut.

I usually spent my holiday in Bali I usually spend my holiday in Bali

5. Penyanyi itu biasanya membawakan lagu pop, tetapi atas permintaan penonton, "dia menyanyikan sebuah lagu dangdut".

she sang a dangdut song she sings a dangdut song

6. "John suka bertamasya". Setelah mendapatkan kecelakaan, dia lebih suka tinggal di rumah. He liked traveling He likes traveling

7. "Memandangi sang surya tenggelam adalah rutinitas saya". Tapi, rutinitas itu tidak pernah saya lakukan lagi setelah saya kawin.

Viewing sunset was my routine Viewing sunset is my routine

8. Jenny kadang-kadang minta kakak laki-lakinya untuk membantunya mengerjakan PR. Jenny juga kadang-kadang minta kakak perempuannya untuk membantunya mengerjakan PR".

Jenny sometimes asks her brother to help her do her homework. Jenny sometimes asks her sister too to help her do her homework.

Jenny sometimes asks her brother to help her do her homework. Jenny sometimes asked her sister too to help her do her homework.

9. "Team sepak bola Indonesia belum pernah memenangkan piala dunia". Indonesian football team never wins the world cup. Indonesian football team never won the world cup.

10. "Dicintai olehnya membuatku begitu bahagia". Olehnya itu, aku tidak akan pernah berhenti mencintainya.

Being loved by her makes me so happy. Being loved by her made me so happy.

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

Kalimat Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object

(-) Subject+do/does not+V1

(?) Do/does+Subject+V1

Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb

Contoh Kalimat

I work in the office

He catches a bird

We are happy everytime

Kegunaan

Simple present tense melukiskan:

Kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang berulang atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang atau sekelompok orang.

adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom, sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely.

adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, weekly, monthly.

KEGUNAAN: Menyatakan kebenaran umum.

Menyatakan agenda harian, mingguan, tahunan.

Kenyataan sekarang.

Perintah atau suruhan.

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

Contoh Kalimat

a, She is singing at the zoo

b. I am studying English

Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at this moment, right now.

b. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama.

c. Tindakan yang akan segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

a. I have painted this house

b. She has eaten some food in dining room

Kegunaan

a. Sesuatu yang telah sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi dan akibatnya masih dapat dirasakan sampai sekarang.

Kata keterangan : just, already, once, yet, not yet, since

b. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman

c. Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah dimulai dari titik waktu atau selama waktu tertentu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya ada keterangan since dan for

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung

sampai saat ini

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

a. They have been sleeping since ten until now.

b. She has been working in the workshop

Kegunaan

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi keterangan since, for, since…until.

b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

1. We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday

2. She wrote letter all day yesterday

Kegunaan

a. Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau.

Keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago.

b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang hanya terjadi satu kali di masa lampau

c. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dilakukan berulang-ulang di masa lampau

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi

b. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu kegiatan lain terjadi

b. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang telah lalu

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang masih berlangsung atau terjadi dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu di masa lampau

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang kejadiannya berlangsung sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan satu tertentu di masa lampau

c. Membicarakan lama berlangsungnya dari suatu kejadian sebelum suatu kejadian yang lain terjadi di masa lampau

9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau mungkin akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara

c. Menawarkan sesuatu

d. Menjanjikan sesuatu

e. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu

f. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

This time next week I will be shopping in Malaysia

By two o’clock next Sunday I will be playing golf

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan dating

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five hours, in six years

The Congress will have been over by two o’clock tomorrow

By the end of this month we shall have arrived I London

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kajadian atau peristiwa yang masih berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

I would buy a new house

You would get wet

If I were you, I wouldn’t do that

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

I would be playing football

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam

If I hadn’t helped you, you would have failed

16. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

I would have been learning English