En ENGLISH MODULE Relative Clauses · PDF fileA relative clause is a dependent clause that...

ENGLISH MODULE

Relative Clauses

Grade X – Semester 1

Academic Year 2016 – 2017

Compiled by: Aquilina Yunita, S.Pd

YAYASAN WIDYA BHAKTI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS SANTA

ANGELA TERAKREDITASI A

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[English Module, Unit 1]

I. Kompetensi Inti 1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang

dianutnya dan Spiritualitas Santa Angela. 2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin,

tanggung jawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkansikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia.

3. Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.

4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan

II. Kompetensi Dasar 1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa

Inggris sebgai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.

2.2 Menunjukan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan komunikasi transaksional dengan guru dan teman.


4.1 Menangkap makna relative clauses lisan dan tulis. 4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan,

menanyakan, dan merespon relative clauses, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

III. Tujuan Pembelajaran

Siswa diharapkan dapat: 1. Memahami penggunaan relative clauses dengan

cerdas. 2. Memahami kegunaan masing-masing komponen

relative clauses dengan cerdas. 3. Menghasilkan kalimat dengan menggunakan relative

clauses dengan gigih.

Conceptual Map

Materials

Relative Clauses

(who, whom, that, which, whose)

Defining

Non-defining


Clause A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. Independent clause An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence. (main clause) Dependent clause A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause. Relative clause A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. (A relative clause is also called an adjective clause.) Relative pronouns Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences that have the same noun or pronoun in them. Relative pronouns form the beginning of a relative clause.

who (It is used to refer to people.) I saw the man who closed the door.

whom (It is possible instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. It is normally used in formal style.) The man whom I saw was Mr. Smith.

which (It is used to refer to things.) The book which is on the table is mine.

that (It is used to refer to people and things.) Where is the cheese that is in the fridge?

whose (It is used to show possession.) We saw some people whose car had broken down.


where (It is used to refer to places.) The hotel where we stayed wasn't very clean.

when (It is used to refer to a noun of time.) I'll never forget the day when I met you.

REVIEW ON RELATIVE PRONOUNS Exercise 1 Make one sentence from two. Use the appropriate relative pronoun. 1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in the

hospital. ___________________________________________

2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were away. ___________________________________________

3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. ___________________________________________

4. I come from the country. Its history goes back thousands of years. ___________________________________________

5. The meeting was interesting. I went to it. _____________________________________________

Exercise 2 Complete each sentence using who/whom/whose/where. 1. A pacifist is a person ____________ believes that all wars

are wrong. 2. An orphan is a child ____________ parents are dead.


3. The place _____________ we spent our holidays was really beautiful.

4. This school is only for children _____________ first language is not English.

5. I don't know the name of the woman to ______________ I spoke on the phone.

There are two types of relative clauses:

1. Defining relative clauses 2. Non-defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses These describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. These clauses give essential information and clear understanding about the noun.

Subject Object Possessive

For people who that

whom/who that

whose

For things which that

which that

whose Of which

For people: a. Subject (who/that)

who is normally used: The girl who won the race is happy.

b. Object of a verb (who/whom/that) whom is considered very formal:


The man whom I saw told me to come back today.

c. Possessive (whose) whose is only the possible form:

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. For things:

a. Subject (which/that) which is more formal:

The stairs which lead to the cellar are slippery.

b. Object of a verb (which/that) The car which/that I hired broke down.

c. Possessive I bought the house whose wall was blue.

REVIEW ON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with who, whom, which or whose. 1. Harry is the boy _________ broke the window. 2. I liked the woman ________I met at the party last night. 3. I met the woman _________ husband is the president of

the corporation. 4. My father often talks about the things ________ he did

when he was a boy. 5. The girl _________ was top of our class is very pretty. 6. I showed my father the watch _________ I won as a prize. 7. The story ______ we liked the best was the one about the

lion and the rabbit.


8. Many of us _______ have studied English are embarrassed to speak it.

9. I live in dormitory _________ residents come from many countries.

10. After the party I put the gifts _______ I received into my cupboard.

Non-defining relative clauses These clauses are not define the noun. They give extra information about it. They are not necessary for the comprehension of the whole sentence. This is why they are written between commas. In this sentences, we cannot use that and we cannot omit the relative pronouns.

Subject Object Possessive

For people Who Whom who

Whose

For things which which whose of which

For people:

a. Subject (who) No other pronoun is possible.

My neighbor, who is very kind, always helps me to do the homework.

b. Object (whom/who) The pronoun cannot be omitted. Whom is the correct form, though who is sometimes used in conversation.

Santi, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.

c. Possessive (whose)


Dylan and Aaron, who did not come to class yesterday, explained their absence to the teacher.

For things: a. Subject (which)

that is not used here: Taksaka Pagi train, which is usually very

punctual, was late today. b. Object (which)

that is not used here and the which can never be omitted.

She gave me this jacket, which she had knitted herself.

c. Possessive (whose) His house, whose window are all broken,

was a depressing sight.

REVIEW ON NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise Add commas to these sentences, marking the non-defining relative clauses. 1. Ayu Utami whose books are famous lives in Jakarta. 2. The wet season which usually begins in November brings

heavy rain. 3. This bag which I found on the bus contains over 100,000

rupiah. 4. Susanti who works for Garuda is an air hostess. 5. Our house which over 100 years old is made of brick. 6. Our neighbor who has always been very kind to us died

last night.


7. I saw Mr. Dito whom I met in 2009 at the party on saturday.

Exercise 1 Rewrite the sentences below using relative clauses. 1. The man poured a glass of water on his face. His beard

caught on fire when he lit a cigarette. ____________________________________________

2. The dogcatcher caught the dog. It bit my neighbor's daughter.

_______________________________________________ 3. The man gave me a good advice. I spoke to him on the way

home. _____________________________________________ 4. I have really missed my hometown. I lived a cheerful

childhood there. ____________________________________________ 5. The young women are all from Japan. We met them at the

theater last night. _____________________________________________ Exercise 2 Underline the adjective clause in each of the following sentences. Circle the word it modifies. 1. Mike, whose ancestors came from Ireland, marched in the

St. Patrick's Day parade. 2. The woman who lives next door is a registered nurse. 3. Virginia, is a place that I'd like to visit.


4. Math, which is Dave's favorite subject, has always been easy for him.

5. There is the house that I'd like to buy. 6. Larry's letter, which he mailed Tuesday, reached me on

Thursday. 7. Summer, which is my favorite season, will be here in

another week. 8. Phil is reading The Call of the Wild, which is Jack London's

most famous book. 9. We live just twenty miles from O'Hare Airport, which is the

world's busiest airport. 10. Newton is the town where Barbara was born.

Exercise 3

Make one sentence using relative pronouns. Decide if the information is necessary or not, defining or non-defining relative clauses? 1. There’s a woman living next door. She is a doctor.

_______________________________________________ 2. I’ve got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He’s a

fireman. ________________________________________________

3. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over. _______________________________________________

4. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now. _______________________________________________ 5. London was once the largest city in the world. The

population is now falling. __________________________

Exercise 4


Combine the following sentences by changing the second sentence to a relative clause. 1. I found the money. The money belonged to Jack.

_____________________________________________

2. She has a good memory. Her memory always serves her

well.

____________________________________________

3. This is the woman. I told you about the woman.

______________________________________________

4. I have a document. The document proves my innocence. _______________________________________________

5. They want to visit the country. Marsha comes from the country. ___________________________________________

Exercise 5

Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an

adjective clause.

1. I saw the man. He closed the door.

2. The girl is happy. She won the race.

3. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

4. The students are from China. They sit in the front

row.


5. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective

clauses.

6. The book was good. I read it.

7. I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night.

8. I liked the competition. You wrote it.

9. I must thank the people. I got a present from them.

10. The man is standing over there. I was telling you

about him.

11. The candidate didn’t win the election. I voted for her.

12. Yesterday I ran into an old friend. I hadn’t seen him

for years.

13. I am reading a book. It was written by Jane Agustine.

14. I red about a man. He keeps chickens in his

apartment.

15. I returned the money. I had borrowed it from my

roommate.

16. I know a man. His last name is Goose.

17. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the

corporation.

18. The people were nice. We visited their house.

19. I live in dormitory. Its residents come from many

countries.


20. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his

umbrella after the meeting

Glossary

Clause (n) Group of words that contains a subject and a verb.

Define (v) Say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is.


References

Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press. http://www.grammarbank.com/ Retrieved on: 7 August, 2015

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