Sensitivity and Coordination

Post on 19-Jan-2023

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Transcript of Sensitivity and Coordination

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Stimulus ResponseReceptorsensoryneuron

e.g. eye ear taste buds

e.g. ganglia brain spinal cord

e.g. muscles glands

e.g. light sound chemicals

motorneuron

Co-ordination

centreEffector

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concentration of nerve cells
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dendrites nodemyelinsheath

direction of impulse

cellbody nucleus synapse

dendron axon

direction of impulse

muscle fibre

motor end plate

cell body

dendrites

axon (with myelin

sheath)

membranes of axon

Neuron before stimulation

Na+

Na+

Na+Na+

Na+

Na+Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+Na+

Na+Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+ Na+

Na+

Na+

– – – ––

Flow of charge

Neuron after stimulation

– – – ––

– –

– –

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brain

sensoryreceptor

sensorynerve

ganglion ventral nerve cord

light receptors

anterior end(‘head’)

posterior end(’tail’)

nerve

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cerebrum – controls behaviour, memory, consciousness and all sensory and movement activities

cerebellum – controls balanc-ing organs and fine voluntary movements

medulla oblongata – controls involun-tary functions such as heartbeat and breathing

first, second and eighth cranial nerves – carry sensory information to the brain from the nose, ears and eyes. The other nine cranial nerves carry information to and from the brain from the face, tongue, eyes, internal organs and shoulder muscles.

spinal nerves – branch out from between adjacent vertebrae; sensory and motor neurons in each nerve.Nerves split in three:

spinal cord – transmits impulses

nerves to and from the body

cranial nerves

brain

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Reflex action ‘Intelligent’ action

Response timeimmediate

Response timeslower

stim

ulus

stim

ulusspinal cord

motor relay neuron

sensory relay neuron

synapse

spinal cordmotor neuron

sensoryreceptor

relayneuron

brain

many pyramidal neurons

sensoryreceptor

sensoryneuron

sensoryneuron

muscle(effector)

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pituitary(below brain)

thyroid

thymus

adrenal(above kidney)

pancreas

testis

ovary

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