Sensitivity and Coordination
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Transcript of Sensitivity and Coordination
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Stimulus ResponseReceptorsensoryneuron
e.g. eye ear taste buds
e.g. ganglia brain spinal cord
e.g. muscles glands
e.g. light sound chemicals
motorneuron
Co-ordination
centreEffector
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concentration of nerve cells
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dendrites nodemyelinsheath
direction of impulse
cellbody nucleus synapse
dendron axon
direction of impulse
muscle fibre
motor end plate
cell body
dendrites
axon (with myelin
sheath)
membranes of axon
Neuron before stimulation
Na+
Na+
Na+Na+
Na+
Na+Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+Na+
Na+Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+ Na+
Na+
Na+
– – – ––
Flow of charge
Neuron after stimulation
– – – ––
– –
– –
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brain
sensoryreceptor
sensorynerve
ganglion ventral nerve cord
light receptors
anterior end(‘head’)
posterior end(’tail’)
nerve
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cerebrum – controls behaviour, memory, consciousness and all sensory and movement activities
cerebellum – controls balanc-ing organs and fine voluntary movements
medulla oblongata – controls involun-tary functions such as heartbeat and breathing
first, second and eighth cranial nerves – carry sensory information to the brain from the nose, ears and eyes. The other nine cranial nerves carry information to and from the brain from the face, tongue, eyes, internal organs and shoulder muscles.
spinal nerves – branch out from between adjacent vertebrae; sensory and motor neurons in each nerve.Nerves split in three:
spinal cord – transmits impulses
nerves to and from the body
cranial nerves
brain
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Reflex action ‘Intelligent’ action
Response timeimmediate
Response timeslower
stim
ulus
stim
ulusspinal cord
motor relay neuron
sensory relay neuron
synapse
spinal cordmotor neuron
sensoryreceptor
relayneuron
brain
many pyramidal neurons
sensoryreceptor
sensoryneuron
sensoryneuron
muscle(effector)
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pituitary(below brain)
thyroid
thymus
adrenal(above kidney)
pancreas
testis
ovary
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