Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016 - Universitas Udayana

6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016

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Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Review Article(s)

COFFEE: A HEALTH FUEL-BLOT POPULAR DRINKING 1-7

Torequl Islam, Marcus VinÍcius Oliveira Barros De Alenc, Guilherme Antonio Lopes DeOliveira, Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira Da Mata, Samara Wanessa Cardoso Silva,MÁrcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz, Ana AmÉlia De Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante

Abstract || View PDF || View HTML || Download PDF [28 Downloads] 58 Views

A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF PYRIMIDINES IN THE NEW ERA 8-21

Meeta Sahu, Nadeem Siddiqui


THE PROSPECT, PROMISES AND HINDRANCES OF STATIN BASEMOLECULES: LOOK BACK TO LOOK FORWARD

22-33

Meor Mohd Affandi Mmr, Minaketan Tripathy, Aba Majeed


Original Article(s)

ISOLATION, SCREENING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITINASEPRODUCING BACTERIA FROM MARINE WASTES

34-36

S. Krithika, C. Chellaram


ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT, AND PANCREAS REGENERATIONACTIVITIES OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) SEEDS ETHANOLEXTRACT IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

37-40

Gunawan P. Widodo, Rina Herowati, Jason M. Perangin-Angin, Jefri E.Y. Kamlasi


SERUM ANTI-ZONA PELLUCIDA ANTIBODIES IS CORRELATED WITHESTRADIOL LEVEL IN WOMEN WITH IN VITRO FERTILIZATION FAILURE

41-44

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Iman Muhammed Jebur, Rafie Shakir Alkhafaji


DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FORSIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF IMPURITIES FROM OLMESARTANMEDOXIMIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLET

45-48

A. D. Mali, U. B. More, U. B. More


ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIALOIL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ORMENIS MIXTA L. IN RODENTS

49-52

Ghizlane Hajjaj, Aziz Bahlouli, Mouna Tajani, Yahia Cherrah, Amina Zellou


ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY OF MESO-ZEAXANTHINE AND ITS MECHANISM OFACTION

53-57

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6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


Firdous A. P., Binitha P. P, Girija Kuttan, Ramadasan Kuttan

Abstract || View PDF || View PDF || View HTML || Download PDF [8 Downloads] 58 Views

DRUG UTILIZATION STUDY OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AGENTS INOUTPATIENTS AT OPD CLINICS IN SOUTH INDIAN METROPOLITAN CITY

58-61

Kayamkani Abedulla Khan


AQUEOUS BARK EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA PROTECTS AGAINSTPHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN GOAT RED BLOODCELL MEMBRANE BOUND AND METABOLIC ENZYMES

62-70

Sudeshna Paul, Debosree Ghosh, Arnab Kumar Ghosh, Debajit Bhowmick, DebasishBandyopadhyay, Aindrila Chattopadhyay


IN SILICO PHARMACOKINETICS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF THREELEADS ISOLATED FROM TARCONANTHUS CAMPHORATUS L.

71-77

Amina I. Dirar, Ayman Y. Waddad, Magdi A. Mohamed, Malik S. Mohamed, Wadah J.Osman, Mona S. Mohammed, Mohamed A.A. Elbadawi, Sami Hamdoun


VIRTUAL SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FOR METHOTREXATE LIKEDIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE AND AMINOIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDERIBONUCLEOTIDE (AICAR) TRANSFORMYLASE INHIBITORY PROPERTYUSING MOLEGRO VIRTUAL DOCKER

83-87

Devaprasad Markandeyan, Subramaniyan Kannaiyan, Sanmathi Suresh, RahulNimmakayala, Richard Ilamurugan, Kumaran Santhalingam, Benedict Paul


ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF Β-SITOSTEROL ISOLATED FROM BARLERIAPRIONITIS (L.) ROOTS IN MALE ALBINO RATS.

88-96

Kamini Singh, R. S. Gupta


ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE MACROALGAE SARGASSUM ILICIFOLIUMAND PADINA TETRASTOMATICA IN MICE

97-101

Subhash R. Yende, Uday N. Harle, Abhay M. Ittadwar


CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIESOF INDIAN SALMON (ELEUTHERONEMA TETRADACTYLUM) PROTEINHYDROLYSATES

102-108

Anahita Bakhshizadeh Gashti, H. S. Prakash


IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF RUTIN AND PIPERINEAND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT

78-82

Prapurnachandra Yadala, A. H. M. Viswanathswamy


EFFECT OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR INHIBITOR IMIQUIMOD ON IL1R1INTERACTION WITH IL-1RA AND ITS SNP VARIANT-AN IN SILICO APPROACH

109-112

Anand Thiyagaraj, Jithin S. Sunny, Waheeta Hopper


SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PRELIMINARY ANTIMICROBIALEVALUATION OF NEW SCHIFF BASES OF AMPICILLIN AND AMOXICILLINDERIVED FROM ISATIN DERIVATIVES

113-116

May Mohammed Jawad Al-Mudhafar


ANTI-ARTHRITIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAFEXTRACT OF ORMOCARPUM SENNOIDES

117-121

S. Srividya, G. Sridevi


EVALUATION OF DIURETIC AND ANTIUROLITHIATIC PROPERTIES OFETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SIDA ACUTA BURM. F. IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

122-126

Manu Mathew George, Shalini Adiga, Avin S., Amruta Tripathy



































































6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


INVESTIGATION OF FORCED DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF ETODOLAC BYLC AND LC-MS/MS

127-135

Divya Saxena, Shailesh Damale, Ajit Datar


NANOPRECIPITATION TECHNIQUE FOR PREPARATION OF STERICALLYSTABILIZED RISPERIDONE NANOSUSPENSION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVOSTUDY

136-142

Heba F. Salem, Rasha M. Kharshoum


DESIGN, IN-SILICO DOCKING AND PREDICTIVE ADME PROPERTIES OF SOMETHIAZOLIDINE-2, 4-DIONES DERIVATIVES AS PPARΓ MODULATORS

143-150

Sabina Yasmin, Venkatesan Jayaprakash


APPLICATION OF A VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FORSIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CANDESARTANCILEXETIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGEFORM

151-157

Ambekar A. M., Kuchekar B. S.


HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI ALKALOIDFRACTION IN D–GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATITIS IN RATS

158-161

Bhasha Shanmugam, Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam, Gangaraju Doraswamy, ShakuriRavi, Gangiginta Venkata Subbaiah, Kurakula Srinivas, Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy


EFFECTS OF N-NITROSODIBUTYLAMINE ON THE LIVER MITOCHONDRIAMORPHOLOGY AND ON THE EXPRESSION OF LIVER MITOCHONDRIALMEMBRANE SURFACE PROTEINS IN MICE.

162-168

Sthiti Porna Dutta, Robin Patnaik Jamir, Stephanie Paula Basaiawmoit, Anis Alam


FLOATING PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FAMOTIDINE: DESIGN,STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

169-181

Madhusudhan Malladi, Raju Jukanti


GC-MS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITIES OF KAEMPFERIAPARISHII - A NATURAL SOURCE OF TOTAROL

182-186

Suprava Sahoo, Sudipta Jena, Ambika Sahoo, Asit Ray, Noohi Nasim, Basudeba Kar,Sanghamitra Nayak


CYTOMORPHOLOGY OF SOME MEDICINAL GRASSES FROM HANGRANGVALLEY OF DISTRICT KINNAUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH

187-190

Kamlesh Kumari, Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo


ABSORPTION CORRECTION METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUSESTIMATION OF N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDEIN BULK AND IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM

191-195

Vedang Kinjawadekar, Snehalatha Boddu, Deepali Jadhav, Sudha Rathod


SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES AND DRUGLOADING FOR GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

196-201

S. Sharmiladevi, A. Shanmuga Priya, M. V. Sujitha


SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THEIR ANTIMICROBIALACTIVITIES

202-206

Tilak Raj, Punit Kumar, Radha Rathee, Kashyap Kumar Dubey


ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM LANNEACOROMANDELICA – AN INSILICO APROACH

207-210






























































6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


N. Premjanu, C. Jaynthy, S. Diviya


HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE P300/CBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR INHIBITIONBY QUERCETIN AS ANTICANCER DRUG CANDIDATE WITH IN SILICO AND INVITRO APPROACH

211-215

Rabiatul Adawiyah, Suryani ., I Made Artika


EXCIPIENTS COPROCESSING INFLUENCE ON THE INTERACTING VARIABLESTHAT AFFECT THE DISINTEGRATION PROPERTIES OF A PARACETAMOLTABLET FORMULATION

216-221

Abayomi Tolulope Ogunjimi, Gbenga Alebiowu


PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PIPER BETLELINN.LEAF

222-226

Sapna Saini, Anju Dhiman, Sanju Nanda


ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EIGHT DILL(ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) CULTIVARS CULTIVATED UNDER EGYPTIANCONDITIONS

227-231

Said-Al Ahl Hah, Omer Ea


DEVELOPMENT OF COSMOCEUTICAL PRODUCTS FROM NANO-SIZEDACTIVE COLOUR CONSTITUENTS OF RATANJOT, SEABUCKTHORN ANDANNATTO

232-237

Swati Pal, Sunita Malhotra, Satyanarayan Naik


FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SELF MICROEMULSIFYINGDRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL

238-243

Jill Bhadresh Shukla


IMPACT ON PROLINE CONTENT OF JATROPHA CURCAS IN FLY ASHAMENDED SOIL WITH RESPECT TO HEAVY METALS

244-247

Seema Raj, Sumedha Mohan


PRENATAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY EVALUATION OF LOW MOLECULARWEIGHT GALACTOMANNANS BASED STANDARDIZED FENUGREEK SEEDEXTRACT DURING ORGANOGENESIS PERIOD OF PREGNANCY IN RATS

248-253

Pallavi Deshpande, Vishwaraman Mohan, Mukul Pore, Shailesh Gumaste, PrasadThakurdesai


CARDIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TAMARINDUS INDICA. LINN AGAINSTISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS

254-260

Nabeel Kinattingal, S. N. Manjula, K. Mruthunjaya, A. M. Mahalakshmi


PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENOIDS FROM THE STEM-BARK OF ALBIZIACHEVALIERI HAMS (MIMOSACEAE)

261-265

Mathias S. N., Abubakar M. S., October N.


EVALUATION OF STRESS ALLEVIATING POTENTIAL OF PERGULARIA DAEMIAON CERTAIN IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

266-270

G. Sridevi, K. Sembulingam, Prema Sembulingam, Muhammed Ibrahim, S. Srividya


GLIMEPIRIDE FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS: FORMULATION,EVALUATION AND IN-VIVO DISINTEGRATION AND DYNAMIC STUDIES

271-278

Satheesh Jogala, Laxman Ankathi, Ramesh Naik Jarupula


DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC AND UV


































































6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC AND UVSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OFCAPECITABINE

279-287

Sumanta Mondal, Reddy Narendra, Debjit Ghosh, Seru Ganapaty


ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS OF DEPRESSION ANDANXIETY USING DEPRESSION ANXIETY STRESS SCALE-21 IN SOUTH INDIANHEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

288-295

Abhilash Thomas, Satendra K Dubey, Malay K. Samanta, Anu Alex, Sanesh P. Jose

Abstract || View HTML || View PDF || Download PDF [0 Downloads] 16 Views

EFFECT OF C-GLYCOSYL FLAVONE FROM URGINEA INDICA ON ANTIBIOTICINDUCED MICROBIAL CELL DEATH

296-305

Bevara Ganesh Babu, A.D. Naveen Kumar, Anil Badana, Seema Kumari, Anjali Jha, R.R. Malla

Abstract || View HTML || View PDF || Download PDF [0 Downloads] 21 Views

HPLC ASSAY OF MODEL TABLET FORMULATIONS CONTAININGMETRONIDAZOLE AND CIPROFLOXACIN

306-310

Vania Maslarska, Boyka Tsvetkova, Lily Peikova, Bistra Kostova, Dimitar Rachev,Stanislav Bozhanov, Nelina Zareva


EFFECT OF BIODEGRADABLE CO-POLYMERS AND DIVALENT CATIONS ONTHE SUSTAINED RELEASE ABILITY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDELOADED BIOMATERIAL MICROSPHERES

311-317

Shahira F El-Menshawe, Rasha M. Kharshoum, Doaa S Hamad, Abdelkhalek Halawa


INFLUENCE OF PEG-4000 ON THE MICELLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF SDBS ANDCPC AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

318-321

Vivek Sharma, Varsha Thakur, Ashish Kumar


LOADING OF CLARITHROMYCIN AND PACLITAXEL ON SYNTHESIZEDCDS/NIO NANOPARTICLES AS PROMISING NANOCARRIERS

322-333

Mustafa R. Abdulbaqi, Nidhal K. Maraie, Ashour H. Dawood

Abstract || View PDF || Download PDF [8 Downloads] 33 Views

UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OFTRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND ACECLOFENAC IN BULK AND TABLETDOSAGE FORM

334-340

Lydia Jeeboi, Snehalatha Boddu


RAPID SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS LEAFEXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND STUDY OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIALAND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES

341-346

Pushpalatha Bobbu, Vasudeva Reddy Netala, Aishwarya S., Indireddy Rama ManoharReddy, Venkata Subbaah Kotakadi, Vijaya Tartte


DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSISOF FLORFENICOL IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORMS

347-349

Mohamed Elimam, Shaza Shantier, Elrasheed Gadkariem, Magdi Mohamed


MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION RELATED TO THE EFFECTSOF DLBS3233 TREATMENT IN DIFFERENTIATION OF 3T3-L1 PRE-ADIPOCYTE

350-355

Rehmadanta Sitepu, Debbie Sofie Retnoningrum, Raymond R. TjandrawinataTjandrawinata


DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF OFLOXACIN FLOATING TABLETSUSING NATURAL POLYMER: STERCULIA FOETIDA LINN. GUM

356-360

Vijay D. Gulkari, Suparna S. Bakhle, Leena S. Yelane


DOCKING STUDIES ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-

TRISTIS

361-365





























































6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


TRISTIS

T. D. Sandhya Kumari, M. A Singara Charya


DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLCMETHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF XIPAMIDE IN PURE AND DOSAGEFORMS

366-371

Heba M. El-Sayed, Soad S. Abd El-Hay


PREVENTION OF OBESITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROMEBY MANGOSTEEN (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L.) PERICARP ETHANOLICEXTRACT IN MALE WISTAR RATS FED WITH HIGH-FAT DIET

372-378

Alkilany Salem Abuzaid, Elin Yulinah Iskandar, Neng Fisheri Kurniati, I Ketut Adnyana


EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCING HALO-ALKALITOLERANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MARINE COASTS OF ODISHA

379-386

Abhas Kumar Maharana, Ishita Sinha, Prakash Chandra Behera, Pratima Ray


ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COLOURANT FROM MELIACOMPOSITA BARK AND ITS APPLICATION IN FUNCTIONAL TEXTILEFINISHING

387-391

Anita Pal, Rakesh Kumar, Y. C. Tripathi


CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ALBIZIA ZYGIA (DC) J. F. MACBR, A GHANAIANMEDICINAL PLANT, AGAINST HUMAN T-LYMPHOBLAST-LIKE LEUKEMIA,PROSTATE AND BREAST CANCER CELL LINES

392-396

Regina Appiah-Opong, Isaac Kwadwo Asante, Dorcas Osei Safo, Isaac Tuffour,Ebenezer Ofori-Attah, Takuhiro Uto, Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko


Short Communication(s)

MORAXELLA OSLOENSIS MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES 397-400

Valli Nachiyar C., Vijayalakshmi R., Nivedha Kumar, Bavanilatha M., Swetha Sunkar


THE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION WITHIN THE TERTIARYHEALTHCARE INSTITUTION IN SERBIA DURING 10-YEAR PERIOD (2001-2010)

401-403

Jelena BrusiĆ- Renaud, Mirjana AntunoviĆ, Vesna ŠuljagiĆ


PHASE DEPENDENT DISCREPANCY IN MURINE VAGINAL MICRO-ENVIRONMENT: A CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF PH, GLYCOGEN AND SERUMESTROGEN UPON EXPOSURE TO LAPATINIB DITOSYLATE

404-407

Mahadevan Ganesan, Balamuthu Kadalmani


ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CALOPHYLLIFOLIUM WALP. LEAFEXTRACT

408-410

N Sumithra, Sevanan Rajesh Kumar


THE COMBINATION OF ROSELLA (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA, L) AND STEVIA(STEVIA REBAUDIANA) EXTRACTS INCREASE THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITYAND STABILITY

411-412

Nurkhasanah ., Dyah Nur Indah Minangsari, Vania Aniska Yulianny


PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND COMPARISON OF ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITY OF WATER AND ETHANOL EXTRACT PROPOLIS FROM MALAYSIA

413-415

Umar Zayyanu Usman, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Mahaneem Mohamed


INTERACTION OF EBOLA VIRUS WITH INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNESYSTEM: AN IN SILICO STUDY

416-417






























































6/6/2016 Vol 8, Issue 5, 2016


Open Access Policy || Publication Ethics

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SYSTEM: AN IN SILICO STUDY

Sony Jacob K.


ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF KATUK LEAVES SAPONINS FRACTION(SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS (L.) MERR) IN RATS INDUCED WITH FAT-RICHDIET

418-420

Ni Kadek Warditiani, Milawati ., Ni Made Pitri Susanti


Case Study(s)

A RARE INSTANCE OF DIASTASE/PEPSIN – INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITYREACTION

421-422

Navin Patil, Karthik Rao N, Handattu Manjunatha Hande, A Avinash, RaghavendraRao, Sushil Kiran Kunder, Anurag Pathak, Talha Ahmed


Erratum

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF FRUITS OF ANAMIRTA COCCULUS LINN INRATS

423

V. Satya, M. Paridhavi

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ANTI DYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF KATUK LEAVES SAPONINS FRACTION (SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS (L) MERR) IN RATS INDUCED WITH FAT-RICH DIET

Short Communication

NI KADEK WARDITIANI1, MILAWATI1, NI MADE PITRI SUSANTI1 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia 80361

Email: [email protected]

Received: 30 Sep 2015 Revised and Accepted: 30 Mar 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the anti dyslipidemic activity and the atherogenic indicator of saponin compound from katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L).

Methods: This compound separated from Katuk leaves crude extract by column chromatography (a mobile phase: silica GF 254; mobile phase = gradient polarity of solvent (chloroform: methanol = 1:9-9:1). Male Wistar rats were fed with fat-rich diet (15% pig fats, 5% duck egg yolk) for 30 d to increase its total cholesterol level, triglyceride, LDL and to decrease blood HDL level compared to normal lipid level. Saponins fraction of Katuk leaves dose 10 and 30 mg/kg BW was given for 2 w and then its lipid level in blood was measured. Lipid level difference from each group was analyzed statistically.

Results: Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL level from a group of rats that were given saponins fraction of Katuk leaves was significantly different with negative control rats group and was not significantly different compared to normal control rats. Saponins fraction was able to reduce CRR, AR, and IAP value in treated rats.

Conclusion: Katuk leaves saponins fraction can become an anti dyslipidemic and also prevent the cardiovascular disorder in Wistar male rats.

Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Katuk leaves saponins fraction, Lipid profile

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. Smaller LDL-C more easily oxidized compared LDL-C particles so small LDL-C are much more atherogenic [2]. HDL-C particles play a protective role against the development atherosclerosis [3]. The AIP (atherogenic index value accurately reflects the presence of atherogenic small LDL-C particles and HDL-C particles and it also a sensitive predictor of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk [4].

In Indonesia, Katuk leaves (S. androgynus (L) Merr) were easily found. Based on the previous research, ethanol extract of Katuk leaves could have activity as antihyperlipidemic that decreasing total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C in the blood [5]. Katuk leaves contained secondary metabolites such as saponins, triterpene, polyphenol, flavonoid, and isoflavone. Yamamoto et al., stated that saponins, triterpene, and polyphenol had an activity of anti-obesity because it could block both pancreatic lipase enzyme in small intestine and absorption of triglyceride in the body [6]. Han et al., also stated that the saponins contained in tea leaves could block the pancreatic lipase enzyme so it could decrease body weight and adipose tissue in rabbits fed with fat-rich diet [7]. Saponins fraction of Ilex paraguariensis at dose 1.75±0.2 mg/day/animal could induced lipogenesis in muscle and adipose tissue [8]. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of saponin fraction of Katuk leaves on decreasing total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and increasing HDL-C and calculate atherosclerosis index value in rats induced with fat-rich diet.

Katuk leaves (S. androgynus (L) Merr.) obtained from the local area of Girimulyo village, Nanggulan area, Kulonprogo regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This plant was identified and authenticated by a botanist at the Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.

Katuk leaves powder was defatted with n-hexane and the n-hexane insoluble part was macerated. The ethanol soluble part was separated, and its solvent was evaporated. Fractionation was conducted with column chromatography, the solvent ratio of

chloroform: methanol 9:1 until 1:9 for 20 ml. Each 5 ml of the fraction was stored.

Saponins identification was conducted with foam height test; some fraction was mixed with water and shaken vigorously. It would form the persistent appearance of foam with 1-10 cm height and when added with HCl 2N, the foam would still present [9].

Wistar male albino rats, aged 4 w, 150-200 g of weight were used for the antidyslipimic study. The rats were maintained under controlled condition, were used in the experiment. The rats were fed with standard chow diet and given drink ad libitum. Ethical Clearance of the animal’s handling was provided by the Faculty of Veterinary, Udayana University no: 189/KE-PH-Lit-1/V/2015. Environment condition adaptation for animals was conducted for 1 w. Animals were then grouped as following:

- Normal group: rats were fed with normal diet.

- Negative control group: rats were fed with fat-rich diet.

- Positive control group: rats were fed with fat-rich diet and treated with 1.8 mg/kg BW simvastatin [10].

- Saponins fraction group 1: rats were fed with fat-rich diet and treated with Katuk leaves saponins fraction with 10 mg/kg BW.

- Saponins fraction group 2: rats were fed with fat-rich diet and treated with Katuk leaves saponins fraction with 30 mg/kg BW.

After environment adaptation, dyslipidemia induction was done by giving fat-rich diet (15% lard, 10% yolk) for 30 d and blood lipid level was then measured [11]. After blood lipid level measurement, treated rats were given Katuk leaves saponins fraction and simvastatin in treatment groups for 2 w. Katuk leaves saponins fraction was given at doses 10 and 30 mg/kg BW, its higher than saponins fraction of Ilex paraguariensis doses 1.75±0.2 mg/day/animal [8].

Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) measured with standard reagent (DiaSys, Holzeim, Germany).

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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The atherogenic indices were calculated as follows: [12]

Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR) = TG/HDL

Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) = (TG-HDL)/HDL

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) = log (TG/HDL)

The obtained data was absorbance data. The obtained absorbance value was changed into blood lipid level (mg/dL). Blood lipid level data homogeneity and normality from all animal groups were analyzed and then Mann-Whitney test was used.

Column chromatography was used to saponin separation compound from a crude extract of Katuk leaves. We use combination solvent chloroform and methanol (9:1 until 1:9 each 10 ml). The fraction was collect each 5 ml. The fraction obtained until 20 fractions. TLC staning with H2SO4 spray and H2SO4. vanilline used to detect the content of terpenoid compound in each fraction. The result shown that fraction number 11 until 20 contained terpenoid compound. Foaming test of the fraction was used to detect the content of saponin compound. fraction no 15-17 was positive formed foam.

Based on rat’s blood lipid measurement, it was known that the treated animals fed with fat-rich diet for 6 w had an elevation of total cholesterol level, LDL and triglyceride and reduction of HDL compared to normal control group (fig. 1). There was a significant lipid profile difference between groups fed with fat-rich diet (negative control, positive control, 10 and 30 mg/kg BW saponins fraction group) towards the normal control group (p<0.05). Dyslipidemia condition characterized by hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is a most prevalent indicator of cardiovascular diseases [13].

Fig. 1: Alteration graph of blood TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), LDL and HDL after fat-rich diet (n=5; mean±SD). *

signs show that there are significant difference with normal control group (p<0.05)

TC = blood total cholesterol level; TG= blood triglyceride level; LDL= blood LDL level; HDL= blood HDL level; = normal

control; = negative control; = 1.8 mg/kg BW simvastatin group; = 10 mg/kg BW saponins fraction group; = 30 mg/kg

BW saponins fraction group

Treatments (simvastatin, 10 and 30 mg/kg BW saponins fraction) were conducted for 3 w. Blood measurement of rats show that

saponins fraction and simvastatin could decrease TC, TG, and LDL and increase blood HDL level (fig. 2). There was a significant lipid profile difference between treatment groups (simvastatin, 10 and 30 mg/kg BW saponins fraction) towards negative control group. Increased level of LDL-C and triglyceride in serum is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [14]. The antidyslipidemic activity of saponins fraction is not significantly different with positive control group ability (simvastatin). Saponins have the ability in block pancreatic lipase enzyme so that cholesterol absorption in the intestine will decrease [15, 16]. Saponins of sea cucumber can decreased lipids by enhancing β-oxidation via activating PPARα [8]. Saponins fraction of Ilex paraguariensis at dose 1.75±0.2 mg/day/animal were able to influence the lipid metabolism of male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet by induce lipogenesis in muscle and adipose tissue. It’s also could induced a 40% increase fecal fat excretion. These results may be correlated with saponins ability to inhibited pancreatic lipase enzyme [8].

Fig. 2: Alteration graph of blood TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), LDL and HDL treatment (n=5; mean±SD). * signs show that there are significant difference with negative control

group (p<0.05) TC = blood total cholesterol level; TG= blood triglyceride level;

LDL= blood LDL level; HDL= blood HDL level; = normal control; = negative control; = 1.8 mg/kg BW simvastatin

group; = 10 mg/kg BW saponins fraction group; = 30 mg/kg BW saponins fraction group

Atherogenic is an indicator that shows cardiovascular disorder. The higher the value, the risk of cardiovascular disorder will increase [17-19]. In this research, saponin fraction could decrease atherogenic indicators such as CRR, AC and AIP (table 1) according to Ikewuchi and Ikewuchi [11]. There was an elevated ratio of TG: HDL (CRR) in treated rats fed with fat-rich diet for 6 w and this indicates risk of cardiovascular disorder. There were significant difference of CRR, AC and AIP value between normal control group and other groups (p<0,05). Saponin fraction could reduce TG level and increase HDL level in blood and it made the CRR value decrease. Atherogenic index is a powerful indicator of heart disease risk. The ability of saponin to decrease atherogenic index can be used as one way to prevent cardiovascular disorder due to its ability as anti dyslipidemic agent. All of results show the indication of protective mechanism of saponin fraction of Sauropus androgynus (L) merr. against the development of atherosclerosis as well as the dyslipidemia condition.

Table 1: Atherogenic index alteration before and after treatment in rats

Groups CRR AC AIP Before After Before After Before After

Normal control 9.1602 5.4049 8.1602 4.4049 0.9604 0.7318 Negative control 22.8104* 59.6515 21.8104* 58.6515 1.3577* 1.7401 Positive control 19.8102* 2.0327+ 18.8102* 1.0327+ 1.2949* 0.2989+ Saponins 10 mg/kg BW 22.8528* 1.9322+ 21.8528* 0.9322+ 1.3582* 0.2729+ Saponins 30 mg/kg BW 19.3786* 4.4372+ 18.3786* 3.4372+ 1.2790* 0.6365+

CRR = Cardiac Risk Ratio; AC = Atherogenic Coefficient; AIP = Atherogenic Index of Plasma; * significantly different with normal control group (p<0.05);+significantly different with before treatment (p<0.05), Katuk leaves saponins fraction (Sauropus androgynus (L) merr.) can reduce TC, TG and LDL level and elevate HDL level in blood. Saponins fraction also able to decrease atherogenic indicators (CRR, AC and AIP) so that it can prevent cardiovascular disorder.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We gratefully thank to Universitas Udayana Bali Indonesia through Research Grand Dosen Muda 2014.

CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS

All authors have none to declare

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ANTI DYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITYOF KATUK LEAVES

SAPONINS FRACTION(SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS(L) MERR) IN RATS INDUCED

WITH FAT-RICH DIETby Kadek Warditiani

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