RESEARCH PAPER

Three species of Phymatodes Mulsant (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) new to South Korea that hosted onVitis vinifera Linnaeus (Vitaceae)Jongok LIM1, Il-Kwon KIM1, Young-Su LEE2, Kyung-Mi KIM3, Chul-Hak KIM4, Jong-Su LIM1,Shin-Young PARK1 and Bong-Woo LEE1

1 Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea2 Division of Environment Agricultural Research, Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea3 Nuri-Lab. Science Museum, Seoul, Republic of Korea4 K-INSECT Co., Ltd, Gapyeong, Republic of Korea

Correspondence

Bong-Woo Lee, Ph. D. Division of ForestBiodiversity, Korea National Arboretum,Soheul, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do 487-821,Republic of Korea.Email: lbw1052@forest.go.kr

Received 2 March 2012;accepted 20 November 2012.

doi: 10.1111/1748-5967.12007

Abstract

Two unrecorded Phymatodes species, P. (Phymatodellus) jiangi Wang andZheng, P. (P.) zemlinae Plavilstshikov and Anufrieva, and a known species fromNorth Korea, P. (P.) murzini Danilevsky, are newly recognized in South Korea,as insect pests of Vitis vinifera Linnaeus (Vitaceae).

In the present paper, male genitalia of P. (P.) jiangi Wang and Zheng is presentedfor the first time. We also provide the diagnoses and illustrations of habitus of threePhymatodes species with a revised key to Korean species.

Key words: Cerambycidae, Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) jiangi, Phymatodes(Phymatodellus) murzini, Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) zemlinae, South Korea.

Introduction

Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839 belongs to the tribe CallidiiniMulsant, 1839, and is distributed throughout the Holarcticregion (Linsley 1964).

Approximately 50 species of Phymatodes are knownaround the world (Ohbayashi & Niisato 2007) and 30species have been recorded from the Palearctic region (Löbl& Smetana 2010).

Ohbayashi and Niisato (2007) divided Japanese Phyma-todes into four subgenera, Phymatodes, Phymatodellus,Paraphymatodes, and Poecilium based on three characters asfollows: the ratio of tarsal segments, presence or absence ofwhitish bands on elytra, and the number of whitish bands ifpresented.

Löbl and Smetana (2010) published a comprehensivework entitled “Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera”. Inthis catalogue, the subgeneric classification within thegenus does not agree with Ohbayashi and Niisato (2007):Phymatodes was divided into three subgenera, Melasmetus,Phymatodellus, and Phymatodes. Poecilium was treated as

a separate valid genus with Paraphymatodes and Phyma-toderus as its synonyms. Soon after the publication ofthe catalogue, Danilevsky (2010) made some additions andcorrections; Paraphymatodes and Phymatoderus were res-urrected as valid subgenera of the genus Phymatodes;Poecilium was treated as a subgenus again. Therefore, thegenus now has six subgenera, Melasmetus, Paraphyma-todes, Phymatodes, Phymatodellus, Phymatoderus, andPoecilium. Only four species were previously known fromthe Korean insect fauna. Lee (1987) reported three Phyma-todes species, P. vandykei (Gressitt), P. maaki (Kraatz), andP. albicinctus Bates from the Korean Peninsula. Later,Danilevsky (1992) recorded one additional North Koreanspecies, P. murzini Danilevsky was collected on Vitis sp.(Vitaceae).

Their biology varies among species. Detailed ecologicalstudies on Korean species have not been made, except afew studies. Cho (1959) and Lee (1987) recorded Prunuscerasus Linnaeus, Vitis vinifera Linnaeus as the host plantsof Korean Phymatodes species. Common larval host plantsof North American species include species of Pinus, Pseu-

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dostsuga (Pinaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), and Salix (Sali-caceae) (Linsley 1964; Swift & Ray 2010).

The aim of the present study is to report three new recordsof Phymatodes to South Korean insect fauna: P. (Phyma-todellus) jiangi Wang and Zheng, P. (P.) zemlinae Plavilst-shikov and Anufrieva, and P. (P.) murzini Danilevsky. Weprovide diagnoses, illustrations of adult habitus for eachspecies, and a revised key to Korean Phymatodes species.

Materials and methods

Many twigs of grapevines, which were severely damaged byunknown larvae of longhorned beetles, were collected fromGyeonggi province in 2010 and 2011 (Figs. 1A,D).

They were kept in transparent rearing boxes at indoorconditions until adult beetles emerged.

Three Phymatodes species that emerged from thedamaged vine twigs were identified. Plavilstshikov andAnufriev (1964) and Wang (2003) were followed for iden-tification. Classification system of subgenera followedDanilevsky (2010). The terms for male genitalia refer toOhbayashi and Niisato (2007).

For the illustrations of specimens, we used Spot Insight(Model no. 14.2 Color Mosaic) (Diagnostic Instruments,Sterling Heights, MI, USA), which is attached to a stere-oscope, Leica S8 APO Stereozoom (Leica, Wetzlar,Germany). The images taken were combined using the IMT

i-solution System in the Laboratory of Insect Biosystemat-ics, Seoul National University, Seoul.

All specimens examined are deposited at the InsectMuseum of Korea National Arboretum (Pocheon, Republicof Korea).

Systematic accounts

Subfamily Cerambycinae Latreille, 1804Tribe Callidiini Mulsant, 1839Genus Phymatodes (Mulsant, 1839)(Korean name: Ddi-ha-neul-so-sok)Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839, Coleopt. Fr. Longic.: 47.

Type-species: Cerambyx variabile Linnaeus, 1761 = Ceram-byx testaceus Linnaeus, 1758.Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical form; lateral margin ofpronotum rounded in dorsal view; prosternum with apicalprojection short and acurate; metacoxa reduced apically;elytra with fine punctures, flat without elevation (Ohbayashi& Niisato 2007; Swift & Ray 2010).

Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) jiangi Wang and Zheng,2003 (Figs. 1B–G, Figs. 2A–H)

(Korean name: Gal-saek-min-ddi-ha-neul-so)Phymatodes jiangi Wang and Zheng, 2003. Wang 2003:

207. Type locality: Jilin (China).Diagnosis. Body length 8.5–12.5 mm. Body reddishbrown except antenna, legs black. Elytra brown. Head

Figure 1 Phymatodes spp. from Vitis vinifera Linnaeus (Vitaceae).

(B–G, P. (Phymatodellus) jiangi Wang and Zheng; H, P. (P.) zemlinae Plavilstshikov and Anufriev). A, damaged grapevines; B, larva; C,emergence; D, emergence holes; E, adult; F, copulation; G, oviposition; H, adult.

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smooth with erect long hairs and minute punctures(Fig. 2F). Compound eyes deeply emarginated, not dividedinto two parts. Scape 2.0 times as long as pedicel, eachantennal segment with apical long hairs (Fig. 2C). Prono-tum 0.7 times as long as wide; basal and apical margintransversely depressed (Fig. 2D). Ventro-lateral surface andprosternum with minute granules (Fig. 2E). Elytra 2.2times as long as wide, without transverse band; surfacewith minute punctures and brown depressed hairs; slightlongitudinal carina present from anterior margin to five-sixths of elytral length (Fig. 2A). Femora distinctly swollenfrom middle to apex. Median lobe of male genitalia withapical margin angulated; apex and apical half of lateralmargin sclerotized; median struts parallel; dorsal platelonger than ventral plate; crescent-like sclerites angulatedapically (Fig. 2H). Tegmen shorter than median lobe;

lateral lobe thick, parallel, short, 0.3 times as long as ringpart, apical margin with few long hairs; ring part S-shapedin lateral view (Fig. 2G).Material examined. 2�, 6�, Jeongok-eub, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 20.iv.2011, YS Lee leg.;4�, 1�, Yulgil-ri, Sang-myeon, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 2.iv.2010, 37°49′32.5″N 127°16′43.1″E,SY Park, JS Lim, and KM Kim leg.Distribution. Korea (Gyeonggi-do, new record), China(Jilin).Host plant. Wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus).Remarks. Femora of males are more swollen than femoraof females. Wang (2003) did not report its host plants in theoriginal description and the male genitalia was not described.We confirmed this species attacks Vitis vinifera Linnaeus andthe male genitalia is newly described from this study.

Figure 2 Male of Phymatodes (Phy-

matodellus) jiangi Wang and Zheng.

A. habitus (dorsal view); B, ditto (ventralview); C, antenna (dorsal view); D, prono-tum (dorsal view); E, prosternum; F, head(frontal view); G, male genitalia (lateralview); H, ditto (ventral view). Scalebar: 0.50 mm for D–H; 1.00 mm for C;2.00 mm for A, B.

J. Lim et al.

36 Entomological Research 43 (2013) 34–39© 2013 The Authors. Entomological Research © 2013 The Entomological Society of Korea and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) murzini Danilevsky, 1992(Fig. 3A–H)

(Korean name: Du-jul-min-ddi-ha-neul-so)Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) murzini Danilevsky, 1992:

113. Type locality: Tokson (North Korea).Diagnosis. Body length 3.8–5.9 mm. Body dark brown;antenna and legs brown; elytra dark brown except longitu-dinal yellowish band on middle of disc. Head smooth withmoderate punctures with median longitudinal groove(Fig. 3F). Compound eyes deeply emarginate, almostlydivided into two parts. Scape 2.1 times as long as wide, 2.7times as long as pedicel (Fig. 3C). Pronotum as long aswide; middle of disc with denser punctures than head anddorso-lateral surface; antero-lateral, postero-lateral areadepressed; middle area flat (Fig. 3D). Prosternum and

ventro-lateral surface moderately granulate (Fig. 3E). Elytra2.2 times as long as wide without transverse band; surfacewith depressed short hairs and dense punctures (Fig. 3H);lateral margin carinate.Material examined. 30�, Yeulgil-ri, Sang-myeon,Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 2.iv.2010,37°49′32.5″N 127°16′43.1″E, SY Park, JS Lim, and KMKim leg.Distribution. South Korea (Gyeonggi-do, new record),North Korea.Host plant. Wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus).Remarks. Ratio of antennal segments in male longer thanfemale (antennomores 5–11 3.0 times as long as wide at least inmale; 2.5 times as long as wide at most in female). This specieswas firstly described by Danilevsky (1992) based on the three

Figure 3 Female of Phymatodes (Phy-

matodellus) murzini Danilevsky.

A, adult (dorsal view); B, ditto (ventralview); C, antenna; D, pronotum(dorsal view); E, prosternum; F, head(frontal view); G, apex of elytra; H, basalelytra. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for D–H;1.00 mm for A–C.

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specimens which were collected fromTokson (North Korea). In2010 and 2011, we collected many specimens from V. viniferafrom Gyeonggi province (South Korea). This species seems tobe widely distributed in South Korea.

Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) zemlinae Plavilstshikov andAnufriev, 1964 (Figs. 1H, 4A–G)

(Korean name: Cheong-nal-gae-min-ddi-ha-neul-so)Phymatodes (Phymatodellus) zemlinae Plavilstshikov and

Anufriev, 1964: 1565. Type locality: Primorsky krai (Russia).Diagnosis. Body length 6.2–7.1 mm. Body reddish brownexcept compound eyes black and elytra blue-green. Headsmooth with suberect hairs and minute punctures (Fig. 4F).Compound eyes deeply emarginated, not divided into twoparts. Scape 2.5 times as long as wide, 2.0 times as long as

pedicel, each antennal segment with long apical hairs(Fig. 4C). Pronotum as long as wide; lateral margin oblique,most thick in middle, postero-lateral margin protruded withobtuse angle, posterior margin distinctly depressed (Fig. 4D).Vento-lateral surface and prosternum smooth with minutepunctures (Fig. 4E). Scutellum brown except apical marginblue-green, longer than wide. Elytra 2.9 times as long as wide,without transverse band; surface with depressed pale hairsand dense punctures; Femora slightly swollen distal half.Material examined. 5�, Yeulgil-ri, Sang-myeon,Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 2.iv.2010,37°49′32.5″N 127°16′43.1″E, SY Park, JS Lim, and KMKim leg.Distribution. South Korea (Gyeonggi-do, new record),China (Heilongjiang), Russia (Southern Primorye).

Figure 4 Female of Phymatodes (Phy-

matodellus) zemlinae Plavilstshikov

and Anufriev.

A, adult (dorsal view); B, ditto (ventralview); C, antenna; D, pronotum(dorsal view); E, prosternum; F, head(frontal view); G, disc & apex of elytra.Scale bar: 0.50 mm for D–F; 1.00 mm forC, G; 2.00 mm for A, B.

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Host plant. Wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus).Remarks. This species was recorded from Russia (South-ern Primorye) as major insect pests of grapevines. However,description of this species was mainly focused on the larvalstage without full description of imagines (Plavilstshikov &Anufriev 1964). It was reported that one generation per yearoccurred in China (Wang 2003).

Revised key to species of Korean Phymatodes

1. Elytra with one or two pairs of transverse bands . . . . . 2– Elytra without white transverse bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Pronotum as long as wide; humeral area with minute

granulues; prosternum smooth with dense minutepunctures; elytra with one pair of transverse band . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Paraphymatodes) albicinctus

– Pronotum wider than long; humeral area smooth withoutgranulues; prosternum wrinkled with sparse punctures;elytra with two pairs of transverse bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Poecilium) maaki

3. Pronotum with basal corner angulate, basal marginconvex (Fig. 4D,E); elytra blue-green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Phymatodellus) zemlinae

– Pronotum with basal corner rounded, basal marginstraight (Fig. 2D,E); elytra brown to dark brown . . . . . 4

4. Compound eyes divided into two parts; elytra with onepair of longitudinal yellowish band at middle (Fig. 3A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Phymatodellus) murzini

– Compound eyes not divided into two parts; elytra totallybrown to dark brown (Fig. 2A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. Pronotum wider than long, disc with minute punctures(Fig. 2D); antenna and legs black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Phymatodellus) jiangi

– Pronotum as long as wide, disc with small granules onmiddle area; antenna and legs brown to dark brown . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Phymatodellus) infasciatus

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Dr. Mikhail Leontievitch Danilevsky (A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow,

Russia) for giving taxonomic comments on identification ofP. zemlinae. This study was supported by the Korea NationalArboretum and Forest Science & Technology Projects(Project No. S121212L110140) provided by the KoreaForest Service.

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