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50

45

u 40

i 35

sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

-- BC =4060 ________ ________ J

120

140 160

Figure( I) Grout viscosity vs wnter contellt relationship

-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10

--=-~-I-Vi~C~middot~ imiddotIY-~-~-~ middot

i _ middot-groul vicosilY30sec

-o-ooul viseoislY35sec

60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40

Figure (2) Wnte r con tent vsoentol1ite COlllcl1t relationship

45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05

- g COltlr~e sand wilh some gravel

-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min

1~lIIt (1) Dlednf VS Illle diuunship (or groul VSCUSIY JUStc

2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)

Figure (4) COll I01Ilu-loilr strength envellJpe flJr

a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15

Normal Stless (kgem)

Loose ll1ed sand

25

Figure(i) (oli lolllh-Io lir strength en vel ope ror li~llse ~lIIti IOllse 11leli s~lnli

CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o

11 ) BltI1lOnll bull cCCI1I~11 llw=20S0

-0- gloul-cotfse sand ~jth smiddot -- -11- goul rn d orne grael -r- bull bull bull om m

o

coarse sand with -- fa some gravel gloulmiddotrn sand

r2cdrm sand bullbull - caarso sand

~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)

B) BCl1Ivnilltc ~IICnI raliv=J0I70

-III--- grouI coarse~middot - - - --- and wIth some gravel -- groul middotcoarse 5JmJ

-11- 9roul-medium sand ---+-- groutmiddotline sand

-11- bull COtl se s(illd ih so me gravel bullbull J- coarse sand

ti mediurn sand fine sand

gloutmiddotsand

05 I

C ) llenlOIlI 1 f Normal SlresS (kgl 2 5 c cell1 em )

elll rlt1I1o=middot)OoO

-CI - groutmiddotcoarse _Q_ sand wIllgt some gravel

grout - med sand

----Ir-- groul coHse SJntJ

--+-- groutmiddot fino sano

bullbull 1iT coarse sand -amp bull coarse sltJld with scm a e glavel

- mel1 sanl1 line sand

graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)

Figure (6) Coulomll-rv1 ollr slrennll l 1 enve lope 1 sand for graul-sand inlerface a d

sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=

10 ltlJ ~ ro cO ~ VI SO ~

en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X

( 0C=2080) groJl-sand ___

(8C=3070)

--=--------------------------------~ sand _ - X Xmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~

~

02 04 d10

groulsa~d (B C =~ 060)

0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be

(b) constants c1 and c2

12 07 II

groul middotsand (8 C=208 0) ______ bull I I 06 1

1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02

graul-sand (8C =3070)

graul-sand (SIC =(60 )

0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7

Figure (7) shear parameters vs effective diameter domiddot bull

0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t

C2 I 05 111--middot middot -- middot =

Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45

Figure (8) hear parameter cnsants vs benionile content Be

8

6

4

3

2

Dense-coarse sand willi SOlll8 gravel

~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25

Normal Stress (1IgcrIl2)

Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand

Normal Stress (kgelll l )

BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5

NOlilla Sl ess (kgem)

Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15

Norlilal Stress (kgell l )

2 25

rigure (9) Coulolllb -Iv lohr strength env elope for grout-sDnu infel Lice all d Sltl IIU

__tl_giouHoarse H fld Witt some gI01 I11

____ Ot Oul-COlttf S8 sand

-et-Oul rnQdum sarld

-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------

-lt- 9rout middot COJr~a 3Hld tt som~ QrJH

-tT-grout CO~f ~O sAnd

-n- goul-Olpdiurn ~Jrld

---grout middot line sand

U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50

Figure( 1 0) Shear parameters of grout -sand interface

l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2

Normal Siress (kgem)

Figllre ( I I ) Couloll1b-~lohr s[renglh envelope fo r gro ut

-1) [lentnile Cement rwI ) (fiC=]OIW)

16

14 ~ CfoLltltearso sanCl wutl som a ()r)v~

----=-- grcul-lt oarse sana

12 ~ IIOu1middotmtCLum ~a t10

J ---t-g fOU middot(lne sana

- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2

Ncrmat S tress ( KCc1 2 )

25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be

Figure ( I) ShelIparameters of belIoni[e-cement grout

OJ 11cII(Jn ile CCII1c1f mrio (fiIC=JOI70

--3--~ (cu(-coa(se sand with some gravel

---=--)rour-co3fsec sand

~3roul-meCJjum Sand

--+---jfOlJl -line sand

bull - -=1- - groul

05 t~ Normal Sress (kcJc-n 2)

2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05

C) Bemona cemenf raflD OIC=JOI60

a

__ _- ---- _---- - - - --~grout-coaIse SCind IMlh some grave --a---JrQut-coarsa sond ~ groul-medium sand ---+-- groul~tine sand

- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15

Normal S[re5s (kgen)

2

F~cur2 (13) CJLicmc-vlcnr sr2lgth 2lVecpe fer grout-S2rod intcrfec efld greut

50

25

14 0

--11- 9 -6- rout-coarse sail middot _ _ g ro lll coar~ d wrlh ~ome ___ g ro ul m e ~i l ~~d gravel

_ _ groulfine ~and and _ _ ~t

120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80

9roul OJ ~ Vl 60 ~ ~ groul middotsalld

~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35

ltI Ilt) SIgt 10 1lt pr 20 grolll and grollt-sand tnter face lI si nu d Irect siJ ea r les l

-IJ - groul viscSity-40 - a- - sec

gloul Vlscosity=JO __ sec groul viscosity= 20

_ sec middotmed~u~ sand

9oulmiddot sand

_ _ _ __ __ _ t medium sand

05 15

~u re (15 ) COli IOillb fJ Normal Slim (kglcm2) o Ir Slrell tiJ env I _ e ope for or 0 o lllmiddot s ~ nd illlerf ace and sand

~Il 06

j

woik bl i a e VIS Cd ( =2 51 Y I ~ 38 sec

05

l 04

lt4 049

rrclloll = 41 deg ~ 01 in ternal I

violkable vi scosil y p 42838 se d

0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01

10 20 grou t viscos ity

30 40

i1 sec

par l lletn5 J bull 3Q () rt) l l vI scos ity

_ 5lt1 11( Illlni lce lor I b l lI Ol i l ( COIIlel11 ~ () oJ

50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)

A) IJI IlIUIIIII r ll J II I f i ll OJC) 1nmO

9

______ y(oul middotneclum sanll a1 7days

] ____ grou middot m~alut1l sand 31 JdJ s

~6 - - bull - meClJum sand

Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25

NOflual SUess ( kgfCIIl2)

7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0

I 1i lii Olii It Ii HII I I t l l lu (111 i

05

~ groulmiddotmedlum sand al 7days

____ graulmedum sand al 3days

medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0

1 15 2 Normal Stress (kgem)

(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I

_graulmiddotmedium sand al 7days

__ graulmedium sand al 3days

- medium sand

05 Normal Siress (~g~em 2 ) 2

Figur ( 17) Coulomh-Muilr ~lrllglil ~IlVdllf1~ ror gruut- sand inlafa~ JIlJ sJnd a l J and 7 Jays

70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u

06 Angle o( inle rn al (riCllon = 41 0

0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be

Figure (18) Sllear parameters of bentonite-cement grout interface at 3 and 7 days

~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _

A) Bentonite cement ralio ( SIC) =2080

d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05

--2-- grouC middotoense sand

---gfout middot loose s sarnt

bull - aense sana

middotx- -lOOse sana

grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx

I 1 5 2 Normal Siress (kgcnz

25

8) Bentonite cament ratio ( SIC) =2070

~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5

----s-- groul -c1ellse saoo

--- groul-laose sand

- bull dense sand

- - -+- - -loose s atul

grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~

C)bentonite cament ratio ( SIC) =-4060

----t-- grout -lt1ensa sand

__ groutmiddotloose sand

- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand

o ~ bullbull 0 --~ bull bull -

o 05 1 15 2 NotmaJ Slress (~gJcm

1

25

rigllfl ( I )) CUllllI llh-lvlllhr sl nnglh cnvdllPC fnr loosc and dcnsc salld-~rolll nlc(acc lnU sanU

0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)

1 groul -oose Sand t

0 -

~ J I -n9 1 0 Ulletnal rU1OIl 0 1 OEflse sand =41 0

10

t)

l 1U)t~ 0 1 1I1Hlni IOClOIl at loose santi 3 1 ~

10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10

groutmiddot (lanse sand ol

~- _ _ groul-Ioose sand

20

B

30

middot0

~o

F i g~IIl 2U) Shl( pr~I1cIS ~)( gruut saud inlrr l ~

oil

4 5

oj

J5

I

grout --ana smcctrJ i ~ 3

- 2 c ~ ~

~ ~ 15 ~ meaium sand

05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2

NClmaJ Suess kglC~1middot~

F~~rc (2) CJU lutnomiddot ohr sirengh ClVCOPC ior rough nd smooth hc=r surac

I

3

~ c 50 Ol c ~ sect ~O

~ 2~ days

gt Ol 30 Ci E 0 u 20 0 6- c sect

10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be

FiCJure (22) Unc)n tined compressive slreng lh vs be)onie con tent relatiol1s tlip

15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c

10 20 0 -10 grOll scastfy (Sei

50

Figrc ( ) lllc [) lltillcJ )I11 p r~~ s ilt rltl ~h VS fOlll v ise)ily

~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y

FiCJure(23) Constants n and n~ vslme

5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u

Fgure (5) Urcnfined cJmpress ive Sti81gth VS time

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2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

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120

140 160


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01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

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80

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60 L-_____________________________________ J

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amp medium sand

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5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

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2

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u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

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06 x 04

02

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a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

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gloulmiddotsand

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graul-sand _--------------m

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grout- sand

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grout- sand

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140 160


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130

120 c ~ 110

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80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

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20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

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05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

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2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

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06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

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gloulmiddotsand

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grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

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05 1

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sand soil

25

2 5

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20

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medium sand

graUl -sand

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0


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6

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70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

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0 4

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25


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45

4

35

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100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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60

50

40

30

20

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10

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20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

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08

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120

140 160


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130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

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20 30

40


45

4

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05


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amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

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Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

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~

o



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gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

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gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

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Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

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18

16

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0 8

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40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

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K2

bull

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0 10 20 30 40 50

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5 r---------------------------------------- 45

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grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

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grout-sltlnd

2

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25

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6

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20

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c ~ Vgt

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at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


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0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

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100 ~ ~ 80


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20

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30 35





9oulmiddot sand


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40

2 5

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50 40 sec

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50

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7

0

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-

4

3 lt0 w

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1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

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gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



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70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

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3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

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30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

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~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

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grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

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0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

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oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


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05 I

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3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

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0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

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50


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100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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20

10

0

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c-

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c

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~

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60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

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25 20

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08

04

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120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

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01

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160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

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05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



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gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

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gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

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Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

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c 9 on

u lt

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18

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40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

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10 5

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Be


12 07 II


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5 r---------------------------------------- 45

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grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

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grout-sltlnd

2

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25

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10 s 20 Be

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6

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c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

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a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

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05


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100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


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graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


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6

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- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

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a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

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10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

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bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


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10 0 u C

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90

80

70

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60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

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5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

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120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

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160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

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E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

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30 C ltlJ

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0

18

16

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~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

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~

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05 mm

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0 8 09

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lt-)

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04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

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8

6

4

3

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BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

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bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

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Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

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2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

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25 -----------------------------------





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05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


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60

c

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- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

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0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

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~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

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a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

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0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

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30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

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9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

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7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

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gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

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0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

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oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


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05 I

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3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

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0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

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gt 1O

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la 3da 81C0

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50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

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~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

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45

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20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

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120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

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01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

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iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

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04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

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Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

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o i

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8

6

4

3

2


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BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

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bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

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Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

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_ 9-

25

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2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

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25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

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5 ~

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0 5 gro~

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16





- +- groul 10

~

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0

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25

2_~

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05

8

6

5 ~ ~

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Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


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j


05

l 04

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0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

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9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

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7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

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gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

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oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

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o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

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12 ~

08

04

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45

u 40

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sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

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120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

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0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

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o i

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8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

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_ 9-

25

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2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

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5 ~

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- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

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~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

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Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


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05

l 04

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40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

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30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

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l

I I

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9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

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gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


7







I IJV ampJV IJV I

VPRRWK 5RXJK


7


NJF P

(V

NJF P

TXQ

NJF P

(V

NJF P

TXQ

NJF P

(V


TXQ TXQ




7


50

45

u 40

i 35

sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

-- BC =4060 ________ ________ J

120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


7


NJF P

(V

NJF P

TXQ

NJF P

(V

NJF P

TXQ

NJF P

(V


TXQ TXQ




7


50

45

u 40

i 35

sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

-- BC =4060 ________ ________ J

120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


7


50

45

u 40

i 35

sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

-- BC =4060 ________ ________ J

120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


50

45

u 40

i 35

sect 30 o C

2~

20

15 eo 80

----~ ~---- - -1

I ~BC-20aO I

-- BC =4060 ________ ________ J

120

140 160


-+--- BC = 2 01 B 0

_-8IC=30170

-Ir- 81C-40160

01

lao middot

160 r-------------------------------------------150

130

120 c ~ 110

8 ~ 100 III 11i ~ 90

80

10




60 L-_____________________________________ J

o 10 Be

20 30

40


45

4

35

NE 3 u

g25 ~ ~ Vi

~15 J VJ

~ i

05


-h-coarse Sand

amp medium sand

-~nne sand

5U

o L-____________ ~----------------------~ a 20 0 eo eo

Time min


2

18

NF 16

u 14 Q III 12 III

~ Ui ~

I1l 08 w ltJl

06 x 04

02

0

0 05

100 110 0 05 I I 5

Normal SII (kgeml)


a sandy soils used

Dense med sand

15


Loose ll1ed sand

25


CjT-Jg(j

25

0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


0 f

~

o

5 U 35

~

o



o



~ bull fine sand

gloulmiddotsand

~ ~ 1 15

Nomal Sire (kgcm2)






gloutmiddotsand

05 I




grout - med sand





graul-sand _--------------m

~i~~~~middot d oil

05 1

Normal S 1 5

Iress (kgeml)


sand soil

25

2 5

25

Cil-JB7

N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


N

E o JIl 01 U

c 9 on

u lt

-~

=


en 40 2 VI

30 C ltlJ

~ 20 en

iO

0

0

18

16

X


(8C=3070)


~

02 04 d10


0 6 mm

0 8

~ SlJ

40

20

15 N bull ~ 30 on c 0

u 20

K2

bull

gtlt

10 lt u

10 5

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


12 07 II


1 2

0 8

06

0-1

02

0

0

It

~

01 02



0 3 0 4 dl0

05 mm

06 0 7


0 8 09

0 8

lt-)

C en 0 6 Vi c 0 0

04

02

a 0 S 10 1S 20

Be t


Cl

3D 3S 40

~04 hi ~O3

~ 02

o i

o 45


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

g 06

~ 04

0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

~o


oil

4 5

oj

J5

I


- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

-o ~~~-~------------------------------

o 0 15 2



I

3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

~s ~

~ l

0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

EO 12 gt u 0 -~ogt

is 7 ~ E 8 c 0

gt 1O

rr

la 3da 81C0

30170 ~

S C 0 9 ~ gt

r- 8 - --- 0 - ) c


50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

O)

c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

o

Vgt C C u


7






7


8

6

4

3

2


~

Qrout-snlld

BC=20i8 1 -------BC =4060

ICJo~~1 ~-- ~and

bull

5 r---------------------------------------- 45

l35 ~ 3

3 ~ 25

I j 5

o~----------------------------~ o ~------------------------------middot--~ u OS 15 2 25


Dense-coarse sand

grout-sand


BC=2080

25

o

35

U5 1 5


Dense-iii Ie salld

grout-sltlnd

2

~ ~~C GC C=3070~g~ _ - 9

~----- ___ - sand 05 ~~1 _ _ ~

_ 9-

25

o ~~----------------------------------~ o us 15


2 25





-+-groullille sand

10 s 20 Be

lS )0 0

~Q

1)

CI U

c ~

1i U

)5 lt0

25 -----------------------------------





U

05

a 10 2U Be 30 50


l T-J ~l)

60

c

-J ~

5 ~

L t B~3~00middot ~ ~ 2 It-- Bc-=40

- 5 ro

0 5 gro~

a 0 o S 1 1S 2




16





- +- groul 10

~

1 Ui ~

~ ~rcu i iii

0

u 0 OS 15 2


25

2_~

8 5 lt)

~J gs in 0 shyo Ll5

05

8

6

5 ~ ~

~ Ui ro

Vi

a a

20

Q) 16 lt)

c ~ Vgt

Vj 12

~ ~ Q) Vgt

a ~ is c bull laquo

at 10 0 JO 40 a 10 20 30 40

Be Be





~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


2 2 5

5

45

4 E u - ~ ~ ~ -

3 ~ 25 Q) r

x

05


a


- -4- -2(OU

0 5 15


2


50

25

14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


~~ ~1

20 grout

e-middot - - -- e

20

Be

30 40 50 60 25

30 35





9oulmiddot sand


05 15


~Il 06

j


05

l 04

lt4 049



0

40

2 5

28 38 T

28 T J8

Hg ) ) 10 ~2~O~-----~---01


30 40

i1 sec



50 40 sec

liTmiddotV) 1

45

50

I middot1 I

I

l

I I

d

o -gt w gt0 1-)


9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

2 x lt0

1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

-- u

~ ltII - )

~ IJl

gtlt 01

0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

30

3day

40 so

J

25

I

J

~

l _


d

~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

o 05



bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


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30

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90

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70

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60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

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~3roul-meCJjum Sand


bull - -=1- - groul


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9oulmiddot sand


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50

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9




Vi

~ Vi

ltIt e middot

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7

0

~ 5

-

4

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1

0

0


05



medium sand

graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

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0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

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a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

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~ 7day

20

tilmiddot - -IlI

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3day

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~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

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bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


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6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

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- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


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t)


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50


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100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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20

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0

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c-

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60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

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7






7


14 0



120

~ c

100 ~ ~ 80


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20

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30 40 50 60 25

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9oulmiddot sand


05 15


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40

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45

50

I middot1 I

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l

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9




Vi

~ Vi

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o~~----------------------------______ ~ u 05 15 25


7

0

~ 5

-

4

3 lt0 w

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05



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graUl -sand

sanq ill

0


(Jtrll

25

6

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0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



- medium sand



70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

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a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

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~ 7day

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bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

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25


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6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


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90

80

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60

50

40

30

20

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n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

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N C

12 ~

08

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7






7


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0

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4

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05



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graUl -sand

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0


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25

6

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0

0

111 111 11 111 11 IIHI I I rl ll I



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70

60 Go u c ~ 50 Vgt

t 0

Z 30

a ~ o en c lt 10

0

0

14

~ 12

3day ~ c

41 9 E et8 ~ Cgt

a - u


0 4

02 Bcs Bcs T 0

10 20 30 ~o 50 60 0 10 Be Be


~ 7day

20

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3day

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I

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bull - aense sana


grout- sand

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25


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6

5

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3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



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grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


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t

~ 0 1

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0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

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40

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3


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50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

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c-

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~

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60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

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Vgt C C u


7






7


I

J

~

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~ 0 lt m 5 c7gt ~ 1 J (f)

u ~ ~

1 t u s ~

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bull - aense sana


grout- sand

middotx middot

~ middotx


25


~E u

6

5

middot 04 ~

3i 3

m r 2 2

o - o

0 5



- bull dense sand


grout- sand

- r- Scod

15

NGrmal Siress (kgem

0

-+

2 25

45

4

35

~g 3

~ ~S ~ 2 c ~1 5 ~ ~




- - densa S4nd

- - -+ bull - 10058 sand

grout- sand

w- - ---+-

05 --- __ - __ -t- - sand



1

25


0 r ---------------------------------------------- ou

t

~ 0 1

~ J I)


0 -


10

t)


10 20 B

30

Bes

40

Bes

5t)

14

1

e ~ 0 8 u

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0 2

0

0 10



20

B

30

middot0

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oil

4 5

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J5

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- 2 c ~ ~


05 I

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3


~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

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0 0 10 20 30 40 50

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15 1

c ~I 0 c

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50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

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20

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0

c C c ~ Vgt

OJ gt E u Vgt

~ Ol c E 0 c u

c-

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c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

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15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

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Vgt C C u


7






7



~ 2~ days


10 0 u C

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0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Be


15 1

c ~I 0 c

~

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50


~d~

100

90

80

70

60 c C 50 co c ~o 0

U 30

20

10

0

c C c ~ Vgt

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c-

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c

C 0 u

~

0 5

60

50

40

30

20

odi 0

n2 bullbull ~ C 16

10

~

~n1

~ n2

15 Time

20 da y


5 10 Tim e

15 20 days

~5 20

25 20

N C

12 ~

08

04

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7






7


7






7


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Strength of Cement Bentonite Grouted Anchors in Sandy Soils

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Transcript of Strength of Cement Bentonite Grouted Anchors in Sandy Soils