Solar EnergySolar Energy

…….and it’s many uses .and it’s many uses

SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGYA FEW FACTSA FEW FACTS

• Every day the earth receives thousands of times Every day the earth receives thousands of times more energy from the sun than is consumed in all more energy from the sun than is consumed in all other resources.other resources.

• If a 140x140 mile parcel of land in Arizona was If a 140x140 mile parcel of land in Arizona was covered with solar cells, the electricity needs covered with solar cells, the electricity needs of the entire United States could be met.of the entire United States could be met.

• The sunlight falling on a typical house can The sunlight falling on a typical house can provide from 1/3 to 1/2 of the heating needs of provide from 1/3 to 1/2 of the heating needs of that house. that house.

• Today solar energy accounts for only 1% of the Today solar energy accounts for only 1% of the total renewable energy consumed in the United total renewable energy consumed in the United StatesStates

Characteristics of Characteristics of IsolationIsolation• Isolation is the amount of Isolation is the amount of solar radiation reaching solar radiation reaching the earth. Also called the earth. Also called Incident Solar Radiation.Incident Solar Radiation.

• The sun’s energy is created The sun’s energy is created from the fusion of hydrogen from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei.nuclei into helium nuclei.

• Components of Solar Components of Solar Radiation:Radiation:

Direct radiationDirect radiationDiffuse radiationDiffuse radiationReflect radiationReflect radiation

SOLAR HEATING TODAYSOLAR HEATING TODAY• Used mostly for Used mostly for heating pools and heating pools and domestic hot domestic hot water (DHW)water (DHW)

• Two types of Two types of solar heating solar heating systems:systems: Active Solar Active Solar Heating SystemHeating System

Passive Solar Passive Solar Heating SystemHeating System

ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMSYSTEM• A system that uses A system that uses water or air that water or air that the sun has heated the sun has heated and is then and is then circulated by a fan circulated by a fan or pump.or pump.

• Three Types:Three Types: Flat Plate CollectorsFlat Plate Collectors Batch Water HeatersBatch Water Heaters ThermosiphonThermosiphon

FLAT PLATE COLLECTORSFLAT PLATE COLLECTORS• A thin flat metal A thin flat metal plate is used to plate is used to absorb the sun’s absorb the sun’s radiation.radiation.

• Tubes carry water into Tubes carry water into the absorber plate the absorber plate where it is heated by where it is heated by the sun and sent to a the sun and sent to a pump or fan into pump or fan into storage and storage and distributed from there distributed from there to the living space.to the living space.

BATCH WATER HEATERSBATCH WATER HEATERS• Pre-heats water using Pre-heats water using the sun by having a the sun by having a black tank inside an black tank inside an isolated box with a isolated box with a glass cover.glass cover.

• Solar energy is absorbed Solar energy is absorbed within the box to heat within the box to heat the water.the water.

• The water outflow is The water outflow is sent into a conventional sent into a conventional water heater for further water heater for further heating.heating.

• They are also called They are also called “Bread-Box” heaters.“Bread-Box” heaters.

THERMOSIPHENTHERMOSIPHEN• This method places the This method places the storage tank above the storage tank above the solar collector.solar collector.

• Cold water is put Cold water is put into the bottom of the into the bottom of the storage tank where it storage tank where it is circulated through is circulated through a flat plate collector a flat plate collector and pumped back into and pumped back into the top of the storage the top of the storage tank. The heated water tank. The heated water can then be taken from can then be taken from the top and used.the top and used.

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMSSYSTEMS• The house itself acts as the solar The house itself acts as the solar collector and storage facility.collector and storage facility.

• No pumps or fans are used.No pumps or fans are used.• This system makes use of the materials This system makes use of the materials of the house to store and absorb heat.of the house to store and absorb heat.

• Three Types:Three Types:Direct-GainDirect-GainIndirect-GainIndirect-GainAttached GreenhouseAttached Greenhouse

DIRECT-GAINDIRECT-GAIN• Large south facing Large south facing windows that let windows that let in the sunlight.in the sunlight.

• Thermal mass is Thermal mass is used to absorb the used to absorb the radiation.radiation.

• At night the At night the absorbed heat is absorbed heat is radiated back into radiated back into the living space.the living space.

INDIRECT-GAININDIRECT-GAIN• Collects and stores Collects and stores the solar energy in the solar energy in one part of the house one part of the house and use natural heat and use natural heat transfer to distribute transfer to distribute heat to the rest of heat to the rest of the house.the house.

• Popular method is to Popular method is to use a Trombe Wall use a Trombe Wall which is a massive which is a massive black masonry that black masonry that acts as a solar acts as a solar collector and a heat collector and a heat storage medium.storage medium.

ATTACHED GREENHOUSEATTACHED GREENHOUSE• Uses a combination of Uses a combination of Direct and Indirect-Gain Direct and Indirect-Gain systems that use water systems that use water drums and a masonry drums and a masonry floor as heat storage in floor as heat storage in the attached greenhouse.the attached greenhouse.

• Thermosiphoning can use Thermosiphoning can use direct-gain from the direct-gain from the flow of air created by flow of air created by the difference in the difference in pressure between the pressure between the less dense warmer air of less dense warmer air of the room and the cooler the room and the cooler air near the ground. air near the ground.

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGETHERMAL ENERGY STORAGE• Solar energy heating systems must be able Solar energy heating systems must be able to store energy for night time use and to store energy for night time use and for cloudy days. Different materials for cloudy days. Different materials absorb different amounts of heat.absorb different amounts of heat.

• Depending on the weather and the amount Depending on the weather and the amount of thermal energy stored will determine of thermal energy stored will determine how long a house can continue to be how long a house can continue to be heated by the stored solar energy.heated by the stored solar energy.

• Phase-change material can be used to add Phase-change material can be used to add additional heat to the living space.additional heat to the living space.

This House Uses an This House Uses an Active Air SystemActive Air System

Photovoltaic Cells use Photovoltaic Cells use in Energy Productionin Energy Production

•How cells are builtHow cells are built•The Photoelectric Effect The Photoelectric Effect •Pros and Cons of PVPros and Cons of PV

4 types of PV cells4 types of PV cells

•Selective – Emitter Cell (SEC)Selective – Emitter Cell (SEC)•Emitter wrap- through cells Emitter wrap- through cells (EWC)(EWC)

•Thin Film PhotovoltaicThin Film Photovoltaic•Single Crystal Silicon CellsSingle Crystal Silicon Cells

Single-Crystal Silicon Single-Crystal Silicon Cell ConstructionCell Construction

• The majority of PV cells in use are the single-crystal The majority of PV cells in use are the single-crystal silicon type.silicon type.

• Silica (SiOSilica (SiO22) is the compound used to make the cells. It ) is the compound used to make the cells. It is first refined and purified, then melted down and re-is first refined and purified, then melted down and re-solidified so that it can be arranged in perfect wafers solidified so that it can be arranged in perfect wafers for electric conduction. These wafers are very thin.for electric conduction. These wafers are very thin.

• The wafers then have either Phosphorous or Boron added to The wafers then have either Phosphorous or Boron added to make each wafer either a negative type layer or a make each wafer either a negative type layer or a positive type layer respectively. Used together these two positive type layer respectively. Used together these two types treated of crystalline silicon form the p-n types treated of crystalline silicon form the p-n junction which is the heart of the solar– electrical junction which is the heart of the solar– electrical reaction.reaction.

• Many of these types of cells are joined together to make Many of these types of cells are joined together to make arrays, the size of each array is dependant upon the arrays, the size of each array is dependant upon the amount of sunlight in a given area.amount of sunlight in a given area.

How Does A Cell Become A How Does A Cell Become A Module?Module?• A solar cell is the basic A solar cell is the basic

building block of a PV system.building block of a PV system.• A typical cell produces .5 to A typical cell produces .5 to

1V of electricity.1V of electricity.• Solar cells are combined Solar cells are combined

together to become modules or together to become modules or if large enough, known as an if large enough, known as an array.array.

• A structure to point the A structure to point the modules towards the sun is modules towards the sun is necessary, as well as necessary, as well as electricity converters, which electricity converters, which convert DC power to AC. convert DC power to AC.

• All of these components allow All of these components allow the system to power a water the system to power a water pump, appliances, commercial pump, appliances, commercial sites, or even a whole sites, or even a whole community.community.

The Photoelectric EffectThe Photoelectric Effect The photoelectric effect The photoelectric effect

relies on the principle that relies on the principle that whenever light strikes the whenever light strikes the surface of certain metals surface of certain metals electrons are released.electrons are released.

In the p-n junction the n-In the p-n junction the n-type wafer treated with type wafer treated with phosphorus has extra phosphorus has extra electrons which flow into the electrons which flow into the holes in the p-type layer holes in the p-type layer that has been treated with that has been treated with boron.boron.

Connected by an external Connected by an external circuit electrons flow from circuit electrons flow from the n-side to create the n-side to create electricity and end up in the electricity and end up in the p-side.p-side.

Photoelectric EffectPhotoelectric Effect

A picture of an typical silicon PV cellNow a short video:

http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/multimedia.html

                              

                                                                                                        

• Sunlight is the catalyst of the reaction.Sunlight is the catalyst of the reaction.• The output current of this reaction is DC The output current of this reaction is DC (direct) and the amount of energy produced is (direct) and the amount of energy produced is directly proportional to the amount of sunlight directly proportional to the amount of sunlight put in.put in.

• Cells only have an average efficiency of 30% Cells only have an average efficiency of 30%

Pros and Cons of Solar Pros and Cons of Solar ElectricityElectricity

• Expensive to produce because of the high cost of semi- Expensive to produce because of the high cost of semi- conducting materials, which could be avoided by reducing conducting materials, which could be avoided by reducing manufacturing costs. The PV Manufacturing Research and manufacturing costs. The PV Manufacturing Research and Development Project focuses on increasing manufacturing capacity Development Project focuses on increasing manufacturing capacity so that the cost of manufacturing will decrease. They aim to so that the cost of manufacturing will decrease. They aim to achieve break even costs.achieve break even costs.

• However, solar energy contributes positively to the nation’s However, solar energy contributes positively to the nation’s energy security because it is produced domestically, reducing energy security because it is produced domestically, reducing reliance on energy imports.reliance on energy imports.

• The industry is still relatively new and extremely hi tech The industry is still relatively new and extremely hi tech allowing for the creation of more jobs in the American market.allowing for the creation of more jobs in the American market.

• The government has many incentives program which vary from state The government has many incentives program which vary from state to state, but they exist to encourage investment in forms of to state, but they exist to encourage investment in forms of alternative energy. alternative energy.

• Does not require the transportation of hazardous materials Does not require the transportation of hazardous materials across country.across country.

• Sunlight is a Sunlight is a freefree abundant source! abundant source!

Pros and Cons cont.Pros and Cons cont.• PV can be designed for a variety PV can be designed for a variety of applicationsof applications

• No noise or air pollutionNo noise or air pollution• Require minimal maintenance and Require minimal maintenance and have long service life times.have long service life times.

• Power can be either centralized Power can be either centralized in individual homes or in individual homes or distributed by electrical distributed by electrical companies.companies.

How PV Systems WorkHow PV Systems Work

Stand-Alone Photovoltaic SystemsStand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Grid-connected Grid-connected

BREAKDOWNBREAKDOWN• PV systems are like any other electrical power PV systems are like any other electrical power

generating systems, except the equipment used to generating systems, except the equipment used to generate the power is different.generate the power is different.

• Specific components required, and may include major Specific components required, and may include major components such as a DC-AC power inverter, batteries, components such as a DC-AC power inverter, batteries, auxiliary energy sources, sometimes the specified auxiliary energy sources, sometimes the specified electrical load (appliances), wiring, surge protection electrical load (appliances), wiring, surge protection and other hardware.and other hardware.

• Batteries are often used in PV systems for the purpose Batteries are often used in PV systems for the purpose of storing energy produced by the PV array during the of storing energy produced by the PV array during the day, and to supply it to electrical loads as needed day, and to supply it to electrical loads as needed (during the night and periods of cloudy weather). Also (during the night and periods of cloudy weather). Also to keep the system at full operational power to keep the system at full operational power

Grid-connected or Utility-ConnectedGrid-connected or Utility-Connected

• Grid-connected or utility-interactive PV systems are Grid-connected or utility-interactive PV systems are designed to operate in parallel with and interconnected designed to operate in parallel with and interconnected with the electric utility grid. with the electric utility grid.

• These system contain an inverter, called a power These system contain an inverter, called a power conditioning unit (PCU) which converts the DC power conditioning unit (PCU) which converts the DC power produced by the PV array into AC power consistent with produced by the PV array into AC power consistent with the voltage and power quality requirements of the the voltage and power quality requirements of the utility grid.utility grid.

• A bi-directional interface allows the AC power produced A bi-directional interface allows the AC power produced by the PV system to either supply personal electrical by the PV system to either supply personal electrical loads, or return power back to the grid when the PV loads, or return power back to the grid when the PV system output is greater than the personal demand. system output is greater than the personal demand.

Stand-Alone PV SystemsStand-Alone PV Systems• Stand-alone PV systems are designed to operate independent Stand-alone PV systems are designed to operate independent

of the electric utility grid of the electric utility grid • Supply DC and/or AC electrical loadsSupply DC and/or AC electrical loads• The simplest type of stand-alone PV system is a direct-The simplest type of stand-alone PV system is a direct-

coupled system, where the DC output of a PV module or coupled system, where the DC output of a PV module or array is directly connected to a DC load array is directly connected to a DC load

• Since there are no batteries involved in direct load Since there are no batteries involved in direct load systems, stand-alone PV systems are suitable for such systems, stand-alone PV systems are suitable for such processes as heating and pumping water, ventilation fans, processes as heating and pumping water, ventilation fans, etc…Although they can only work in the day.etc…Although they can only work in the day.

• Stand-Alone systems may also power AC loads such as Stand-Alone systems may also power AC loads such as batteries. Like the AC adapter which powers your laptop.batteries. Like the AC adapter which powers your laptop.

The Grid and All of It’s The Grid and All of It’s GloryGlory• Net metering allows a home or business owner to sell Net metering allows a home or business owner to sell

electricity generated by PV modules to the utility grid. electricity generated by PV modules to the utility grid. This benefits both the consumer, and in some cases the This benefits both the consumer, and in some cases the utility.utility.

• The electric meter will run backward when there is an The electric meter will run backward when there is an excess of electricity needed to power a building.excess of electricity needed to power a building.

• A safety measure cuts off the PV system from the grid in A safety measure cuts off the PV system from the grid in case of an emergency.case of an emergency.

• At the End of the Month, the Consumer will reek the At the End of the Month, the Consumer will reek the benefits.benefits.

Benefits to The Economy, Benefits to The Economy, Environment, You, and MeEnvironment, You, and Me• Americans yearn for reliable, Americans yearn for reliable,

clean, abundant, affordable clean, abundant, affordable energy, and safe energy.energy, and safe energy.

• Can prevent catastrophes such Can prevent catastrophes such as “the blackout” on Aug 14, as “the blackout” on Aug 14, 2003. Businesses are in turn 2003. Businesses are in turn investing in solar to avoid investing in solar to avoid these instancesthese instances

• Solar electric power systems Solar electric power systems can be easily sited at the can be easily sited at the point of use with no point of use with no environmental impact.environmental impact.

• The current U.S. solar The current U.S. solar industry employs some 20,000 industry employs some 20,000 men and women in high-value, men and women in high-value, high-tech jobs, representing high-tech jobs, representing about 300 companies, about 300 companies, universities, and utilities universities, and utilities

Solar thermal collector shipments Solar thermal collector shipments surged 34% in 2001 to 11.2 million surged 34% in 2001 to 11.2 million square feet. square feet.

The total revenue for all shipments The total revenue for all shipments of solar thermal collectors was of solar thermal collectors was $32.4 million in 2001, up 18% from $32.4 million in 2001, up 18% from 2000.2000.

Nearly 73% of all solar collectors Nearly 73% of all solar collectors are for pool-heating applications.are for pool-heating applications.Solar water heaters comprise the Solar water heaters comprise the remaining 27% of U.S. solar thermal remaining 27% of U.S. solar thermal applications.applications.

In 2001, the overall value of PV In 2001, the overall value of PV cell and PV module shipments rose cell and PV module shipments rose by 13% to $305 million.by 13% to $305 million.

In terms of price per peak In terms of price per peak megawatt, prices have remained megawatt, prices have remained stable at $2.46 for PV cells and stable at $2.46 for PV cells and $3.42 for PV modules.$3.42 for PV modules.

• Photovoltaic (PV) systems—have very little impact on the Photovoltaic (PV) systems—have very little impact on the environment, making them one of the cleanest power-environment, making them one of the cleanest power-generating technologies available .generating technologies available .

• Solar power produces no air pollution. Solar power produces no air pollution. • Solar power produces no greenhouse gases, so it does not Solar power produces no greenhouse gases, so it does not

contribute to global warming.contribute to global warming.

ProductionProduction

•Combinations of haz and non-haz Combinations of haz and non-haz materials + High temperatures = materials + High temperatures = high environmental cost high environmental cost

•Cost decline as companies Cost decline as companies depend more on solar for depend more on solar for production of cells/modulesproduction of cells/modules

LifeLife

•Average 20-30 years Average 20-30 years •Efficiency decrease 1% a year. Efficiency decrease 1% a year. •Research on manufacturing and Research on manufacturing and output efficiency and recycling output efficiency and recycling ongoing. ongoing.

•Payback or energy break even - Payback or energy break even - 15 years. 15 years.

After lifeAfter life

•Waste generation lag due to Waste generation lag due to life of technology life of technology

•Heavy metals and toxic gases Heavy metals and toxic gases produced in breakdown. produced in breakdown.

•High temperaturesHigh temperatures

Example of Progressive Example of Progressive policypolicy

• EU “End of Life of Vehicles” Policy. EU “End of Life of Vehicles” Policy. • PV Industry has a pro-active PV Industry has a pro-active approach to energy approach to energy saving/environmental benefit saving/environmental benefit increase etc. increase etc.

• Policy can be created like ELV to Policy can be created like ELV to encourage manufacturers to encourage manufacturers to incorporate breakdown into incorporate breakdown into productionproduction. .

Things to consider when looking Things to consider when looking at technologiesat technologies

•Payback or breakeven is important Payback or breakeven is important (Energy produced by technology - (Energy produced by technology - energy used in production <per energy used in production <per unit/ unit of time>) unit/ unit of time>)

•Less hazardous materials. Less hazardous materials. •More easily taken apart if More easily taken apart if constructed with several constructed with several detachable components which could detachable components which could be recycled or smelted. be recycled or smelted.

Solar Energy Solar Energy OrganizationsOrganizations  International solar energy society (ISES)International solar energy society (ISES)• Founded in 1954Founded in 1954• A UN accredited non-government A UN accredited non-government organization organization

• Exists in over 50 countriesExists in over 50 countries• Promoting international development of Promoting international development of solar energy solar energy

• Holds a biannual solar world congress, the Holds a biannual solar world congress, the next will be held next year in Orlando next will be held next year in Orlando Florida Florida

American Solar Energy SocietyAmerican Solar Energy SocietyThe American Chapter of the The American Chapter of the International Energy SocietyInternational Energy Society-Located in Boulder CO- Nation’s -Located in Boulder CO- Nation’s Largest and Oldest Membership Largest and Oldest Membership Organization for Renewable EnergyOrganization for Renewable Energy-Sponsors the National Solar -Sponsors the National Solar Energy Conference: Held July 10-Energy Conference: Held July 10-14, Portland OR14, Portland OR-Publishes the Bimonthly Magazine -Publishes the Bimonthly Magazine Solar TodaySolar Today-Organizes the Annual National -Organizes the Annual National Solar Tour Solar Tour -Organizes the Solar Action -Organizes the Solar Action NetworkNetwork

• Solar Energy Industries Association Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA)(SEIA)

• -Provides funding and research for solar -Provides funding and research for solar advancement technologiesadvancement technologies

• -Political group that spends much energy -Political group that spends much energy lobbying on behalf of solar power and lobbying on behalf of solar power and other renewable resourcesother renewable resources

• -14 state SEIA Organizations-14 state SEIA Organizations   Solar Energy Business Solar Energy Business Association of New England (SEBANE)Association of New England (SEBANE)

• --Centered in Boston, MA; services the Centered in Boston, MA; services the entire New England Areaentire New England Area

Vermont Based Solar ProvidersVermont Based Solar Providers

• Vermont Solar Businesses that are Members of Vermont Solar Businesses that are Members of SEBANE:SEBANE:

• Northern Power SystemsNorthern Power SystemsNorthern Power Systems designs, builds and Northern Power Systems designs, builds and installs high reliability electric power systems. installs high reliability electric power systems. Northern has installed over 800 systems worldwide Northern has installed over 800 systems worldwide in the past 25 years, earning a reputation for in the past 25 years, earning a reputation for delivering top-quality energy solutions. Northern delivering top-quality energy solutions. Northern provides photovoltaic, wind and wind/diesel provides photovoltaic, wind and wind/diesel hybrid power for commercial, industrial, hybrid power for commercial, industrial, institutional and government clients. institutional and government clients.

Vermont Based Solar ProvidersVermont Based Solar Providers• Solar Works, Inc.Solar Works, Inc.

Since 1980, Solar Works, Inc., has provided renewable energy Since 1980, Solar Works, Inc., has provided renewable energy services and equipment to government agencies, utilities, services and equipment to government agencies, utilities, private businesses, homeowners, and not-for-profit organizations private businesses, homeowners, and not-for-profit organizations in the United States and overseas. As a full-service renewable in the United States and overseas. As a full-service renewable energy firm, Solar Works maintains sales offices in California, energy firm, Solar Works maintains sales offices in California, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Our experience Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Our experience includes: program development, project management, and the includes: program development, project management, and the design and installation of Photovoltaic (Solar Electric or PV) design and installation of Photovoltaic (Solar Electric or PV) Systems, Solar Thermal Systems (both active and passive), High-Systems, Solar Thermal Systems (both active and passive), High-efficiency Lighting and Heating systems, and small-scale Wind efficiency Lighting and Heating systems, and small-scale Wind Turbines. Turbines.

Vermont Based Solar CompaniesVermont Based Solar Companies• Sunnyside Solar, Inc.Sunnyside Solar, Inc.

Sunnyside Solar, Inc. is a full service photovoltaic Sunnyside Solar, Inc. is a full service photovoltaic company specializing in line-tie and stand alone company specializing in line-tie and stand alone photovoltaic systems. Design, & engineering, equipment photovoltaic systems. Design, & engineering, equipment sales, full service & installation capabilities. sales, full service & installation capabilities. Educational programs seminars and workshops. Sunnyside Educational programs seminars and workshops. Sunnyside Solar, Inc. The gentle electric company. We bring good Solar, Inc. The gentle electric company. We bring good things from light! things from light!

Sunrise Solar ServiceSunrise Solar ServiceSunrise Solar Service installs, sells, and services Sunrise Solar Service installs, sells, and services domestic hot water systems, pool heating, water domestic hot water systems, pool heating, water pumping, lighting systems, and system components and pumping, lighting systems, and system components and supplies. supplies.

SourcesSources• http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/photovoltaics.htmhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/photovoltaics.htm

ll• http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/pvt/pvbasics/index.htmhttp://www.fsec.ucf.edu/pvt/pvbasics/index.htm4545• http://www.http://www.brookesbrookes.ac..ac.ukuk//eieeie//elvelv..htmhtm• http://www.http://www.environmentaldefenseenvironmentaldefense

.org/documents/894_GC_.org/documents/894_GC_takebacktakeback..htmhtm

Contact InformationContact Information• Northern Power SystemsNorthern Power Systems

Jito Coleman Jito Coleman PresidentPresidentP.O. Box 999P.O. Box 999182 Mad River Park182 Mad River ParkWaitsfield, VT 05673-0999Waitsfield, VT 05673-0999

• Solar Works, Inc.Solar Works, Inc.Leigh Seddon Leigh Seddon PresidentPresident64 Main Street64 Main StreetMontpelier, VT 05602Montpelier, VT 05602

• Sunnyside Solar, Inc.Sunnyside Solar, Inc. Richard Gottlieb Richard Gottlieb 1014 Green River Road1014 Green River RoadGuilford, VT 05301-8117 Guilford, VT 05301-8117

• Sunrise Solar ServiceSunrise Solar ServiceEd Butler Ed Butler P.O. Box 129P.O. Box 129454 Hunt Road454 Hunt RoadRandolph, VT 05060 Randolph, VT 05060