SOC Implementation of Home Automation System based on ...

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ISSN 2322-0929

Vol.02,Issue.01,

January-2014,

Pages:0041-0047

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SOC Implementation of Home Automation System based on RF Module CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI

1, DR. R.V.KRISHNAIAH

2

1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, Andhrapradesh, India,

E-mail: [email protected]. 2Professor, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, Andhrapradesh, India,

E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: Home automation is the residential extension of building automation. It is automation of the home, housework or

household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air

conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort,

energy efficiency and security. Home automation for the elderly and disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons

who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care. A cost-effective solution that uses a Field Programmable Gate

Array (FPGA) controller at the core of the system to provide the intelligence for the home system. The controller interfaces to a

receiver device through the RF modules communications port to allow monitoring, configuration, and switching of devices.

This allows the user to set the home environment according to the personal needs. The hardware inside the FPGA was

developed using the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL). A modular

approach was taken such that the design and test phases are simplified and scalability is facilitated. Most of the modules were

developed using Finite State Machines (FSM).our project is implemented with the RF modules to increase the Range of

communication. In this all modules coded in VHDL and demonstrated on the FPGA Board.

Keywords: HVAC, FPGA, Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC), VHDL, SOC.

I. INTRODUCTION

The popularity of home automation has been increasing

greatly in recent years due to much higher affordability and

simplicity through Smartphone and tablet connectivity.

The concept of the "Internet of Things" has tied in closely

with the popularization of home automation. A home

automation system integrates electrical devices in a house

with each other. The techniques employed in home

automation include those in building automation as well as

the control of domestic activities, such as home

entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet

feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different

events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic

robots. Devices may be connected through a computer

network to allow control by a personal computer, and may

allow remote access from the internet. Through the

integration of information technologies with the home

environment, systems and appliances are able to

communicate in an integrated manner which results in

convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.

The requirement for a suitable technology that enhances

the quality of life in homes has always been at the center of

research. User needs that a home must satisfy can vary

from basic requirements to external and internal aesthetics

to comfort within the home. With the advancements in

technology, electrical appliances are filling the homes,

providing more comfort to the dwellers and improved

entertainment systems. However, their proliferation and

costs related to electricity consumption are increasing user

demands for home automation systems. Yet, commercially

available solutions are still limited and most of the time

they are tailor made for a customer, resulting in high costs.

Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines

which accomplish some household functions, such as

cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified

into:

1. Major appliances or White goods

2. Small appliances or Brown goods

3. Consumer electronics or Shiny goods

II. ABOUT HOME AUTOMATION:

Home automation refers to the use of computer and

information technology to control home appliances and

features (such as windows or lighting). Systems can range

from simple remote control of lighting through to complex

computer/micro-controller based networks with varying

degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation

is adopted for reasons of ease, security and energy

efficiency. In modern construction in industrialized

nations, most homes have been wired for electrical power,

telephones, TV outlets (cable or antenna), and a doorbell.

Many household tasks were automated by the development

CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, DR. R.V.KRISHNAIAH

International Journal of VLSI System Design and Communication Systems

Volume.02, IssueNo.01, January-2014, Pages:0041-0047

of specialized appliances. For instance, automatic washing

machines were developed to reduce the manual labor of

cleaning clothes, and water heaters reduced the labor

necessary for bathing.

As the number of controllable devices in the home

rises, interconnection and communication becomes a

useful and desirable feature. For example, a furnace can

send an alert message when it needs cleaning or a

refrigerator when it needs service. Rooms will become

"intelligent" and will send signals to the controller when

someone enters. If no one is supposed to be home and the

alarm system is set, the system could call the owner, or the

neighbors, or an emergency number. Other traditional

household tasks, like food preservation and preparation

have been automated in large extent by moving them into

factory settings, with the development of pre-made, pre-

packaged foods, and in some countries, such as the United

States, increased reliance on commercial food preparation

services, such as fast food restaurants. Volume production

and the factory setting allow forms of automation that

would be impractical or too costly in a home setting.

Standardized foods enable possible further automation of

handling the food within the home. The use of gaseous or

liquid fuels, and later the use of electricity enabled

increased automation in heating, reducing the labor

necessary to manually refuel heaters and stoves.

Development of thermostats allowed more automated

control of heating, and later cooling.

A. SYSTEM ELEMENTS

Elements of a home automation system include sensors

(such as temperature, daylight, or motion detection),

controllers (such as a general-purpose personal computer

or a dedicated automation controller) and actuators, such as

motorized valves, light switches, motors, and others.

Building automation networks developed for institutional

or commercial buildings may be adapted to control in

individual residences. A centralized controller can be used,

or multiple intelligent devices can be distributed around the

home. One or more human-machine interface devices are

required, so that the residents of the home can interact with

the system for monitoring and control; this may be a

specialized terminal or, increasingly, may be an application

running on a smart phone or tablet computer. Devices may

communicate over dedicated wiring, or over a wired

network, or wirelessly using one or more protocols.

B. Day to Day enhancements

Green Automation is the term coined to describe

energy management strategies in home automation when

data from smart grids is combined with home automation

systems to use resources at either their lowest prices or

highest availability, taking advantage, for instance, of high

solar panel output in the middle of the day to automatically

run washing machines. Home automation technologies are

viewed as integral additions to the Smart grid. The ability

to control lighting, appliances, HVAC as well as Smart

Grid applications (load shedding, demand response, real-

time power usage and price reporting) will become vital as

Smart Grid initiatives are rolled out.

The requirement for a suitable technology that enhances

the quality of life in homes has always been at the center of

research. User needs that a home must satisfy can vary

from basic requirements to external and internal aesthetics

to comfort within the home. With the advancements in

technology, electrical appliances are filling the homes,

providing more comfort to the dwellers and improved

entertainment systems. However, their proliferation and

costs related to electricity consumption are increasing user

demands for home automation systems. Yet, commercially

available solutions are still limited and most of the time

they are tailor-made for a customer, resulting in high costs.

III. IMPLEMENTATION

A. Home Automation Architecture

Fig1. Home Automation-Transmitter

Fig2. Home Automation-Receiver

B. Modules

RF Module-Transmitter.

RF Module–Receiver.

FPGA (Control and Monitoring Devices).

Terminal Software.

Appliances.

SOC Implementation of Home Automation System based on RF Module



1. RF Module-Transmitter - Receiver

An RF module (radio frequency module) is a (usually)

small electronic circuit used to transmit and/or receive

radio signals on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF

modules are widely used in electronic design owing to the

difficulty of designing radio circuitry. Good electronic

radio design is notoriously complex because of the

sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of components

and layouts required achieving operation on a specific

frequency. Design engineers will design a circuit for an

application which requires radio communication and then

"drop in" a radio module rather than attempt a discrete

design, saving time and money on development. RF

modules are most often used in medium and low volume

products for consumer applications such as garage door

openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote

controls, smart sensor applications, and wireless home

automation systems. They are often used to replace older

infra red radio communication designs as they have the

advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation.

Module Application: Module has two modes, communic-

ation mode and configure mode, it is determined by the

status of CONFIG pin when power on:

CONFIG=LOW. It enter communication mode for data

transmission.

CONFIG=HIGH. It enter configure mode to setup work

parameters.

2. Communication mode

If CONFIG pin is low when powering on, the module

will enter into communication mode. The module provides

RS232 connector to connect with PC or TLL level with

MCU directly.

Fig3. Communication Diagram

It can work properly with the default configuration

(default configure is 9600, 8N, 1. the module work

parameters can be set up via HM-TR setup tool. When the

serial data rate is below 9600bps HM-TR module supports

continuous Transmission and the maximum data stream

can reach 1000000bytes; however, the data transmitted

each time should not exceed 32bytes in high-speed

applications>9600bps. HM-TR module work in half-

duplex mode. When receiving 32 Bytes from the serial

port, it will send data out at once. If the data package

received is below 32 Bytes, the module will wait for about

30 ms and then send it. In order to send data immediately,

32 Bytes data per transmission is necessary. After each

transmission, HM-TR module will be switched to receiver

mode automatically. The switch time is about 5ms.

ENABLE pin is used to control the power consumption.

Once this pin is pulled down, the module will enter into

sleep mode immediately. Users can use this pin to control

the receiving duty circle.

3. Configuration mode

If the CONFIG pin is in high level when powering on, the

module will enter into configuration mode automatically.

In this mode the module communicates with the host in

fixed serial format 96008N.

Fig4. Configure mode connection

B. FPAG (Control and Monitoring Devices)

The number of control and monitoring devices attached

to the FPGA depend on the number of free input/output

ports available on the FPGA. Furthermore, the system can

be further expanded by cascading FPGAs or by

multiplexing data coming from different sensors. This

makes the system scalable. The devices connected to the

FPGA can use either a wired connection or a wireless one,

such as RF module or Infra-red. In this work wired

solutions were used, however, the interface can be easily

replaced by a wireless solution.

IV. TERMINAL SOFTWARE

Terminal is a simple serial port (COM) terminal

emulation program. It can be used for communication with

different devices such as modems, routers, embedded

microcontroller or FPGA devices, C systems, GSM

phones, GPS modules... It is very useful debugging tool for

serial communication applications.




Fig5.

A. TCP/IP Remote Control

Terminal can also act like telnet server and listen on

selected TCP port. You can connect to it with any telnet

client program from another computer in network (or over

internet from different location) and see what's going on in

terminal and send commands etc. Implementing with

terminal emulator by sending the commands like a,b,c and

d.

For ex:

If send the command “a” it will send through wireless by

RF module transmitter.

And received by FPGA and RF module receiver and

results will displayed as “61”. That means ASCII value of

“a” is 61 so that what the command is passed by terminal

software is which is displayed in chipscope software.

Now by receiving the commands use to light on and off

or fan on and off like home appliances. This way by using

terminal through RF module doing the home automation

appliances. Here connected “a” with light1 accordingly

switches on and off. Likely all commands are connected to

remaining switches. By sending the “a” command light1 is

on and send another command “b” then light2 is on

position and send another command “c” then fan1 is on

again send the commands “a” it will show light1 off

position likely all command are resending it will take on

and off position.

V. SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig6.

VI. SYNTHESIS REPORT

Timing Summary:

---------------

Speed Grade: -5

Minimum period: 8.191ns (Maximum Frequency:

122.084MHz)

Minimum input arrival time before clock: 1.731ns

Maximum output required time after clock: 7.995ns

Maximum combinational path delay: 2.191ns

VII. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS

A. CHIPSCOPE PRO ANALYSIS

The Xilinx ChipScope tools package has several

modules that can be added to the VHDL design to capture

input and output directly from the FPGA hardware.

ChipScope Pro Core Generator: Provides full design

generation capability for the IBERT core. The user

chooses the MGTs and parameters governing the

design, and the Core Generator uses the Xilinx ISE

toolset to produce a configuration file.ChipScope.

Pro Analyzer: Provides device configuration, project

management, monitoring status and controlling

variables.

JTAG Scripting: JTAG scriptable command interface

makes it possible to interact with devices in a JTAG

chain from a Tcl shell .Tcl stands for Tool Command

Language. A Tcl shell is a shell program that is used




to run Tcl scripts. Tcl/JTAG requires the Tcl shell that

is included in the Xilinx ISE 8.1i tool installation.

The Chip Scope Pro Analyzer tool supports the following

download cables for communication between the PC and

the devices in the JTAG Boundary Scan chain:

Platform Cable USB

Parallel Cable IV

Parallel Cable III

MultiPRO (JTAG mode only)

Users can place the ICON, ILA cores (collectively called

the ChipScope Pro cores) into the design by generating the

cores with the ChipScope Pro Core Generator and

instantiating them into the HDL source code. The design is

then placed and routed using the Xilinx ISE

implementation tools. Next, the bit stream is downloaded

into the device under test and analysis of the design is done

with the ChipScope Pro Analyzer software.

Fig7. ChipScope Pro Systems

B. Implementation with FPGA by using RF Module

Transmitter and Receiver by Terminal in Chipscope

Simulation

First open Terminal command software and connect or

check for available com port. After connecting com port

click on connect command.

Fig8.

Fig9.

Now send the commands for

a= light_1=> it will sends the ASCII value as 61.

b =light_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 62.

c= fan_1 => it will sends the ASCII value as 63.

d=fan_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 64.

C. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS

Fig10.

Here I send the command “a” which is equals light_1

equals “on” position if u send command “a” again an it

will indication of off. Similarly command b, c and d

commands. You are going to see the light on and off in

FPGA BOARD.




Fig11.

Fig12. This is for command a so observe the signal as

light1 is on position.

Fig13. This is Again sending the command an it will

shows the light signal as off position.

Fig13.

This is sending the all commands like a,b,c,d, and any

bits the it will shows the all signal are in HIGH position

and error flag also high. These are the chipscope

simulation results.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The user interface on the RF module communicates with

the FPGA using the RF module interface. This leads to a

low cost system that can be easily scaled up. Furthermore,

pairing allows some level of security to avoid network

intrusion. An implementation of a home automation system

using an FPGA central controller was presented. The

FPGA was selected as, compared to microcontrollers, it

provides a larger number of input/output ports and the

parallel implementation of hardware results in faster

algorithm execution. In this paper home automation or

appliances are done by Using RF module through a Central

FPGA Controller. In future this can be implemented to

control all electronic appliances and mechanical appliances

to make digitized house. Modelsim Xilinx Edition will be

used for functional simulation and verification of results.

Xilinx ISE will be used for synthesis. The Xilinx’s chip

scope tool will be used for verifying the results on Spartan

3E FPGA.

IX. REFERENCES

[1]J. Han, J. Yun, J. Jang and K. –R. Park, “User-friendly

home automation based on 3D virtual world,” IEEE Trans.

on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1843 – 1847,

Oct. 2010.

[2] Digilent Inc. (2010). Basys2. [Online]. Available:

http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=BA

SYS2

[3] N. Sriskanthan, F. Tan, and A. Karande, “Bluetooth

based home automation system.” Microprocessors and

Microsystems, no. 26, pp. 281 – 289, 2002.




[4] G. Song, Z. Wei, W. Zhang and A. Song, “Design of a

networked monitoring system for home automation,” IEEE

Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 933 –

937, Aug. 2007.

[5] K. Gill, S. –H. Yang, F. Yao and X. Lu, “A ZigBee-

based home automation system,” IEEE Trans. on

Consumer Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 422 – 430, May

2009.

[6] Y. –G. Ha, “Dynamic integration of Zigbee home

networks into home gateways using OSGi service

registry,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 55,

no. 2, pp. 470 – 476, May 2009.

[7] X. Zhang, J. Sun and L. Zhou, “Development of an

Internet home automation system using Java and dynamic

DNS service,” in Proc. Of the 6th Int. Conf. on Parallel and

Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies,

pp. 537 – 539, Dec. 2005.

Author’s Profile:

Chandra Sekhar Rayi, has

completed B.Tech (E.C.E) from

Kakinada Institute of Engineering &

Technology, pursuing M.Tech in

DRK institute of science and

technology, JNTUH, Hyderabad,

Andhra Pradesh, India. His main

research interest includes in

Electronics, Embedded & VLSI

Systems.

Dr.R.V.Krishnaiah, did M.Tech

(EIE) from NIT Waranagal, MTech

(CSE) form JNTU, Ph.D, from

JNTU Ananthapur, He has

memberships in professional bodies

MIE, MIETE, MISTE. His main

research interests include Image

Processing, Security systems,

Sensors, Intelligent Systems, Computer networks, Data

mining, Software Engineering, network protection and

security control. He has published many papers and

Editorial Member and Reviewer for some national and

international journals.

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