c:=+

Director's Report

Scientific Affairs Report

Contents

Scripps Science News

Birch Aquarium at Scripps Report

Graduate Education Report

Academic Staff

Awards & Honors

Seagoing Operations Report

Development Report

Campus Census Chart

Organizational Charts

SIO Council/Director's Cabinet

on Jacqueline Mammerickx and Edward Winterer

While defending her doctoral disser­

tation at the University of Louvain in

Belgium, Jacqueline Mammerickx was

particularly challenged by one young

visiting American professor on her

dissertation committee, Edward (Jerry)

W interer. It was her first encounter

with the man who woul d one day

become her husband, as w e ll as

her scientific colleague at Scri pps

Institution of Oceanography.

Mammerickx was raised in the Katanga

region of Congo, in central Africa,

where her father built railroads for the

mining industry. She had a happy and

adventurous childhood, and after her

college years in Belgium she returned

to Katanga to complete her dissertation

fieldwork in geomorphology, creating

an extensive geomorphic map of the

region. That essentially meant going on

safari-wearing a pith helmet, dodging

the occasional elephant, and relying on

local workers with machetes to get

through the dense jungle in order to

mark out the map's lines. Her specific

area of interest was pediments, gently

sloping plateaus formed by erosion

from receding mountains.

At her 1960 dissertation defense,

Winterer suggested that Mammerickx

could learn even more about pedi­

ments by visiting the Mojave Desert in the American Southwest. Winterer

knew the Mojave well, having spent a

great deal of time there for his own

geological research. Geology was in

his blood: Winterer's father was a geologist who worked for oil compa­

nies in central California's San Joaquin

Valley. As a boy, Winterer would tag

along, carrying his father's lunch and bags of collected rocks and gleaning

knowledge of the science and trade

of geology. After some initial under­

graduate work was interrupted for four

years ' service in the U.S. Army during

World War II, Winterer resumed stud­

ies at the University of California, Los

Angeles, completing his doctorate in

geology in 1954 and then joining

UCLA's faculty.

It was a Fulbright lectureship that

took Winterer to Belgium and his

destined meeting with Mammerickx.

After he returned to the United States,

Mammerickx came to UCLA on a

Belgian-sponsored fellowship, pro­

viding a chance for their relationship

to blossom.

Their path took an unexpected turn

with a visit in 1963 from a group

of Scripps scientists, among them

Professor of Oceanography Emeritus

Doug Inman. The group's mission was

to expand the faculty at Scripps­

and they'd heard good things about

Winterer. Though he initially hesitated,

wondering how his studies of the

geological history of deserts and

ancient marine sediments could con­

tribute to oceanography, he soon

realized that Scripps could provide a

chance for him to study modern sed­

iment formation . He accepted the job,

he and Mammerickx married, and the

two relocated to San Diego.

They have been at Scripps ever since.

"I hit it lucky," Winterer said. "I arrived at a wonderful time for Scripps."

It was a time when plate tectonics

theory was just becoming widely accepted , the Deep Sea Drilling

Project began providing exciting new

insights into the ocean floor, and geology had become an important

pursuit at Scripps, fueled in part by

the Cold War interest in undersea

topography for strategic purposes.

This growing interest led to a career

at Scripps for Mammerickx, who

began working with distinguished

Scripps marine geologist Bill Menard

to map and unravel the tectonics of

the Pacific seafloor, a pursuit she

continued until her retirement in

1995. She now devotes her time to

the community, having served on the

Del Mar City Council and as president

of the Friends of the San Dieguito

River Valley, an organization that hopes

to gain the Del Mar wetlands area

protected status as a regional park.

Winterer remains a familiar presence

on the Scripps campus as a full-time

researcher; he retired from teaching

duties a few years ago. He still goes to

sea from time to time and continues his

research on seafloor sediments and

the geologic history of the oceans.

The couple 's two daughters became

academics like their parents: Caroline

is an associate professor of history at

San Jose State University, and Juliette

is an assistant professor of biology

at Franklin & Marshall College in

Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They each

have two children of their own.

Mammerickx and Winterer rarely went

to sea at the same time or worked

directly on the same projects, but the

couple's respect for each other's work

is apparent-as is their affection for

one another. They've spent 40 years

at Scripps, traveled around the world, contributed their expertise to an

important era in oceanography, and

remain dedicated to science.

43

.r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. -----------------------------------------The MegaBACE DNA sequencer can accommodate 48 genetic sample capillaries at

a time, making it a powerful resource in DNA sequencing.

~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ -----------------------------------------

The year 2003 was monumentally eventful

for Scripps Institution of Oceanography

as we celebrated our centennial and

continued our outstanding scientific

endeavors, while designing a recovery

plan from the state budget cuts that have

severely affected the entire institution.

We shared Scripps science with the public to an unprecedented degree last year, partnering with the 2003 San Diego County Fair to complement its chosen theme , Commotion by the Ocean. The Birch Aquarium at Scripps helped present the fair's education out­reach program to more than 50,000 schoolchildren in the San Diego region, and we created the Scripps Ocean Explorations exhibit hall at the fair, a 20 ,000-square-foot interactive walk through the ocean world. There was a record attendance of nearly 1.2 million visitors at the three-week fair.

We continued that momentum by bring­ing the interactive Sounds of the Sea exhibit, created by the National Science Foundation, from our display at the fair to the Birch Aquarium for an extended period.

Our September centennial celebration was marked by several special events. More than 5,000 people gathered in San Diego for the Oceans 2003 con­ference, cohosted by Scripps and the largest conference of its kind ever con­vened. We awarded the 2003 Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest to accomplished marine ecologist Jane Lubchenco. We received warm birthday wishes from around the world, including letters from President George W. Bush, Her Majesty the Queen of England , several federal agency heads, members of Congress, the governors of California and New York, and even actor Paul

Newman. Our Centennial Birthday Bash featured an evening of sustainable seafood prepared by 11 of southern California's top chefs. For our Centennial Homecoming on September 26, we welcomed more than 2,000 alumni, students, scientists, staff, and friends to campus for an enormous party that ended with a dazzling fireworks display off the Scripps Pier.

Now it's on to the next hundred years.

Scientific leaders of the coming century are currently being trained as graduate students at Scripps. I'm pleased to report that we are continuing to make strides in comprehensively educating these young scientists, and we are actively seeking additional private funds to provide fellowship support for them. We welcomed 40 new students in fall 2003, bringing us to the highest enroll­ment ever, with 221 students. The stu­dent body is 26 percent international, representing 22 different countries. And this year, for the first time in Scripps history, our student body is almost exactly 50 percent women, 50 percent men. Scripps has also made tremendous progress over the past year in the number and range of undergrad­uate courses taught by our scientists.

As our student body grows, our campus also continues to develop. Last year we completed the Steven Sitter Pawka Memorial Green, a nearly one-acre, park­like area that will serve as a gathering place for the Scripps community. It was an ideal location for our centennial celebrations in September and the Scripps/UCSD Open House in October.

In 2003, I was reappointed as chair of the NASA Advisory Council, an external body that offers guidance to the space agency, and I was delighted to be elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, a scholarly organization founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743.

Over the past couple of years, I also had the pleasure of serving on the Pew Oceans Commission, an independent group of scientists, fishermen, censer-

vationists, business leaders, and elected officials that released its findings and recommendations in June 2003. The comprehensive report, America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change, was the result of a three-year, nationwide study of the oceans, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. It calls for immediate reform of U.S. ocean laws and policies to restore ocean wildlife; protect ocean ecosystems; and preserve the ecological, economic, and social benefits that the oceans provide.

Scripps scientists are well positioned to contribute to solving these central problems facing our planet. As we forge ahead, it is essential to sustain a pro­ductive balance between scientific dis­covery and scientific application so that we always bring new ideas to our work on society's concerns. Scripps Institution has from its beginnings been mindful of its responsibilities to society and has recognized the difference that good science can make to people's lives.

Today, we are beginning to resolve our budget woes and are looking forward to a bright future . Indeed, I remain confident that the best is yet to come as Scripps sets out on its second century of discovery.

Charles F. Kennel S C R IPP S D IRECTOR

45

----------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------

A Scripps laser strainmeter near the San Andreas Fault makes precise measure-

ments of ground movement, detailing how pressure slowly accumulates as

tectonic plates smash into each other .

.r------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------~-----------------------------------------

' I ' /

+ c1entific Ai)fa1rs +

I

I Throughout 2003, Scripps Institution of Oceanography scientists

engaged in a multitude of research activities both locally and around

the world that reflect the exciting range of work taking place at Scripps.

These activities include earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences, all

contributing to a greater understanding of the planet we call home.

In the fall, right in our own backyard, Scripps scientists led the

Nearshore Canyon Experiment (NCEX), a multi-institutional

project designed to determine the topographical effects of submarine canyons on coastal processes.

An array of instruments measuring waves, currents, and sand levels was deployed offshore in the

Scripps and La Jolla submarine canyons and on the beach from La Jolla Shores to Torrey Pines

State Beach . San Diego beaches are especially vulnerable to sand movement and

displacement, and an understanding of how these processes work will help improve public safety

and beach preservation in San Diego and elsewhere.

Another large, multi-institutional project that Scripps scientists participated in was the Hawaii

Ocean-Mixing Experiment (HOME). HOME scientists have been studying ocean water mixing, a

process that diffuses heat, nutrients, and energy throughout the oceans. The final field surveys for

the experiment took place in 2003. Numerous important scientific findings have resulted from

Scripps scientists' ability to measure large-scale ocean energy and turbulence from scales of

thousands of meters down to centimeters. A paper published in the journal Science in the summer

of 2003 was the first to report HOME findings.

Initially established to investigate the sardine fishery's collapse in the 1940s, the California

Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CaiCOFI) has collected biological, physical , and

chemical data about the California Current for more than 50 years. Using these invaluable data,

Scripps biological oceanographer John McGowan and colleagues reported that the warming of

upper ocean layers in the California Current along western North America has disrupted a process

in which nutrient-rich lower layers mix with the upper layers, leading to a decrease in the amount of

plant nutrients supplied to the upper ocean. In a 2003 paper published in Deep Sea Research Part II,

+

47

0

the scientists showed that this mechanism accounts for the region's 25-year

decline in plankton, fish, seabird, and kelp-bed populations. The authors note

that similar trends could appear elsewhere, particularly if ocean temperatures

continue to rise. The decline in fish populations, often attributed solely to over­

fishing, is modulated substantially by this climate variability.

While Scripps collaborated with other institutions on large-scale projects

such as HOME, NCEX, CaiCOFI, and others, individual Scripps scientists

made numerous advances in ocean and climate research in the field and in

laboratories and centers at Scripps.

For instance, evidence of an increasingly warmer and wetter climate in the

central tropical Pacific was provided by Scripps researchers Kim Cobb and

Chris Charles. Coral fossils from Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean depict not

only climate variability in the late twentieth century but also the first direct proof

of El Nino activity in the seventeenth century. Cobb and Charles have shown

that their results indicate a clear warming trend most probably attributed to the

rise in greenhouse gases. The Palmyra corals could offer researchers the

opportunity to test models predicting future climate change.

The oceans have never been extensively tapped for microorganisms that

produce antibiotic molecules. Researchers at the Center for Marine

Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CMBB) at Scripps were among the first to

discover new strains of bacteria in deep-ocean sediments that have the poten­

tial to treat cancer and infectious diseases. Led by CMBB Director William

Fenical, Scripps researchers recently discovered the new bacteria actino­

mycete from which the group has identified the structure of a new natural

product-known as Salinosporamide A-that has the potential to inhibit cancer

growth, including human colon carcinoma and breast cancer. With the

increased resistance of bacteria to existing antibiotics, the discovery of new

antibiotics is vital, thus underscoring the significance of the studies occurring

at CMBB today.

To reduce the number of manatees that collide with speeding watercraft off

the Florida coast, Scripps oceanographer Jules Jaffe teamed up with an

audiologist at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute to develop a manatee­

detection system. Using scanning sonar and echolocation, the system flashes

a signal to boaters to warn them of the presence of nearby manatees. This

effort is a fine example of how scientists can work with government and policy

makers for the benefit of society and the environment.

The devastation caused by the 2003 southern California wildfires under­

scores the significance of the research being conducted in the California

Applications Program at Scripps. Researchers have consolidated 21 years of

48

•

fire reports from the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land

Management, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian

Affairs to create a comprehensive data set connecting changes

in f ire seasons to climate anomal ies . The demonstrated

relationship between wildfire severity and precipitation

changes may help forecast the severity of wildfires a season

or more in advance.

At the California Spatial Reference Center (CSRC) at Scripps,

researchers are developing state-of-the-art technology that

has numerous applications beyond the scientif ic community.

In 2003, California's Orange County implemented a ground­

breaking GPS network designed at CSRC that provides

surveyors with real-time positioning data while working in the

field. This landmark project provides Orange County residents

with an invaluable service and also serves as a bas is for a

variety of uses in public safety and weather forecasting.

In 2003, Scripps took time to reflect on its first 100 years of

oceanography. The scientific achievements that occurred

during that time are remarkable and provide Scripps with a

scientific springboard to launch the institution into its second

century of global discovery.

I John A. Orcutt DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH

49

p s S C I

calspa c e . ucsd . ed u

The California Space Institute (CaiSpace),

a multicampus research unit of the University

of CallfQrnta,· supports education and tech­

nology in the space and earth sciences.

CaiSpa~e scientists conduct pure and applied

researct:l in various interdisciplinary space­

related fields. Many Ca+Space researchers

emphasize the atmosphere and atmosphere­

ocean interactions. Some scientists study

space plasma physics and planetary science,

while others investigate Earth's environment

using remote sensing from satellites.

The atmospheric heat transfer that

takes place durin g convection is a

fundamental mechanism of weather.

Guang Zhang is trying to improve the

representation of convection in global

climate models, a key problem in

understanding and forecasting climate.

Zhang and colleagues have success­

fully simulated convective behavior on

timescales of 30 to 60 days. Next, they

are planning to propose that the National

Center for Atmospheric Research , the

nation's main climate agency, incor­

porate their new approach to convec­

tion simulation into climate models.

Zhang is us ing similar methods to

better simulate convection on a daily

timeframe, because storms cause the

radiative effect to vary on daily and even

hourly timescales. His team recently

published a research paper on con­

vection modeling on the diurnal timescale.

CAL S PAC E 50

+ N C E N E W S

Wolf Berger has studied climate history on a number of different time­

scales, from centuries to millions of

years. His last big expedition was to the

southern Atlantic Ocean off Namibia

to study the history of upwelling there

and to better understand the origin

of the driest place on Earth, the

Namibian desert, and the evolution of

the unusual flora and fauna.

Lately he has focused on the response

of Australia's Great Barrier Reef to ice

age fluctuations. Coral favors relatively

warm water to grow but, surprisingly,

the massive coral reefs off eastern

Australia have grown most quickly

during the ice ages of the last half­

mill ion years. Studying this paradox,

Berger has concluded that the answer

could lie in the huge masses of rubble

atop which the reefs sit.

Ice ages apparently spur the growth

of fast-growing opportunistic coral, such as Acropora. Through the sea­

level changes ice ages cause, and

perhaps also from violent storms, ice

age conditions create large masses of

dead, broken coral that serve as a

foundation for increased reef growth. In

addition, lowered sea level and clogged

passages filled with reef rubble would

make it more difficult for warm water

to exit to the Indian Ocean and would

therefore cause an expansion of the

Pacific west-equatorial warm-water

pool, the natural home of coral reefs.

On a much shorter time scale, Berger

is investigating whether marine sediment

layers called "varves," which have

been long used by science to recon­

struct both climatic conditions on the

adjacent land as well as upwelling

history, are as reliable as once thought.

In an upcoming paper, Berger sug­

gests that the role of tidal cycles

needs to be adequately considered

as an influence on the local condi­

tions of sedimentation.

The Prather lab's aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Researchers at the Center for

Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) focus on

fundamental investigations of the atmos­

phere related to large-scale climate change.

To interpret and predict these changes,

CAS scientists design and conduct field

experiments, map out new satellite

missions, and use regional and global

atmospheric models. Their analyses

include integration of the models with

space and in situ observations.

Lynn Russell and her research group

pioneered the use of soft X-ray tech­

nology to view individual aerosol par­

ticles from the atmosphere in collabo­

ration with colleagues at Lawrence

Berkeley National Laboratory.

Russell's group is using new tech­

niques for exploring the organic com­

position of atmospheric aerosols. Little

is currently known about these organic

particles, but they play a significant

role in climate change and air quality.

Aerosols from combustion emissions

like car exhaust or factory smoke and

windblown dust reduce the energy that

reaches Earth's surface. In observing

the structure and composition of indi­

vidual particles, Russell has found that

organic carbon is concentrated on the

edges of the particles. Its location

provides important clues about particle

behavior, such as how they absorb

water and scatter light.

www - c i rrus . ucsd . edu

Cen e 0 Atmo er c

Evaporated water and salt are two well-known things that are

transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere, but there are

many more aerosolized particles from the ocean about which

little is known. Kim Prather is analyzing particles individually

to track everything from dust to pollutants passed between

the ocean and the atmosphere.

Prather and colleagues will study such detailed ocean­

atmosphere dynamics using a special mass spectrometer

that their group invented and made transportable in 1996.

The device can easily be transported and operated continu­

ously on land or on ships and works by taking in particles one

by one, sizing them, and analyzing their chemical makeup.

This new field of research could help explain how pollutant

particles like dust, smoke, and car exhaust travel through the

atmosphere and how aerosols like dust are transformed as

they travel over long distances in the atmosphere.

1ence

Lynn Russell

Two research ventures involving Greg Roberts have the potential to open a new

field of cloud study.

In January, Roberts published the first research paper to use field data taken by

a device he invented called a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter. CCN

are the aerosol particles that "seed" clouds by providing the platform on which

water droplets can grow.

The CCN counter, on aircraft or at ground stations, can count and meas­

ure the size of water droplets in clouds, allowing researchers to estimate

and simulate cloud behavior more accurately in computer models.

Additionally, the CCN counter is one of

several instruments being developed by

Roberts, Scripps colleagues, and struc­

tural engineers at UCSD to gather long­

term data while mounted on unmanned

aircraft. The instruments will take syn ­

chronous measurements on flight tracks

running from California to Hawaii and

other routes of interest to atmospheric

researchers . Roberts said his team is

hoping to have the aircraft ready for use

by 2007.

The CCN counter counts and measures water droplets in clouds.

51 CAS

cmbb . ucsd . edu

Center f'or Marine Bi techn lo d Biome icine 0

The Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine

(CMBB), headquartered at Scripps, is a UCSD campuswide

center dedicated to the exploration of potential biotechnological

and biomedical resources from the world's oceans. CMBB researchers conduct a broad range of investigations, from the

special properties of deep-sea marine microbes to the genetic engineering of commercially important marine animals.

Two of Jeffrey Graham's students took part in ongoing studies of the physiology and behavior of fishes.

Chugey Sepulveda and researchers from the National Marine Fisheries Service tracked the daily movements of

juvenile mako sharks throughout southern California waters using a new tagging technique. He and other researchers fed the sharks small acoustic transmitters

concealed inside mackerel and followed the shark's paths for up to two days.

In contrast to typical catch-and-release tagging methods, the novel procedure appeared to cause less trauma to the

sharks. Sepulveda said it was the first time researchers

had successfully induced

makos to swallow the transmitters, enabling

them to make unprece­dented recordings of shark feeding events.

The researchers found that the young sharks

spend most of their time at or near the surface at

Mako shark eats a night and make repeated transmitter. dives during the day. They also discovered

that the largest sharks dive the deepest. The conclusions could help guide fisheries man­

agers in development of plans to reduce destructive small mako shark by-catch. This year, Sepulveda plans to attempt thresher shark monitoring using the same method.

C M B B 52

e ·~e

Heather Lee, also a student of Graham's,"~ copcluding a three-year study of the burrowing habits of air-breathing, amphibious mudskippers.

Mudskippers occupy burrows up to one meter (three feet)

deep in the mud of intertidal mangrove forests and mud­flats. Their burrows are an important refuge from predators,

but the mudskippers face a problem-the partial pressure of oxygen, or P02 , of the water in the burrow becomes low

as the mudskippers respire and use up the oxygen. To

overcome this problem, mudskippers use their mouths to carry air from the surface to the burrow interior, where they create a large air bubble.

Lee used a specially designed laboratory burrow to view the below-ground aspects of the mudskipper air-deposition

behavior and to assess the effects of low burrow water P02 on mudskipper respiration. She found that when P02 is low, mudskippers stop water breathing and begin

air breathing from the burrow air bubble, which suggests that the bubble is important for respiration.

Lee also found that mudskippers actively remove gas from the

burrow if the gas has no usable oxygen. She inserted bubbles of pure nitrogen gas into the burrow and observed that mudskippers removed the nitrogen by repeatedly carrying mouthfuls to the surface and releasing them.

.. ~. ·~

In the Climate Research Division

(CRD), scientists study phenomena

spanning time scales from weeks to

decades. They identify and predict the

natural variability of climate and the

consequences of anthropogenic

increases in the greenhouse effect.

CRD researchers use the principles of

meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, and other disciplines to understand

the complex interactions among the

atmosphere, the seas, the land, and

living things.

Doug Neilson is part of a team at a

new frontier of climate research that

considers how physical conditions

could influence classic biological

trends such as those seen over the

past century.

The team is developing three-dimen­

sional biophysical coupled models that

could help researchers better inter­

pret data collected for the ongoing

California Cooperative Oceanic

Fisheries Investigations (CaiCOFI), a

program begun to explain the mysteri­

ous drop-off in sardine populations off the West Coast starting in the 1940s.

The models try to interpret and predict

biological trends influenced by ocean

physics.

Scientists in the 54-year-old monitoring

program collect biological and physical

variables at discrete stations off the

West Coast. Neilson and his team are

Doug Neilson

• meteora . ucsd . edu

hoping their models will help CaiCOFI

researchers better understand the

relationship between their observations

and the evolving ocean state.

Neilson is also involved in developing

models to predict patterns in sardine

and anchovy stocks off California and

to analyze the role of climate in the

apparent die-off of Steller sea lions in

the Gulf of Alaska. Steller populations

began to drop precipitously in the mid-

1970s, the same time that anchovy

and sardines began to rebound after

four decades of decline.

The Southern Ca l ifornia Coastal

Observing System (SCCOOS) is a

project that involves a number of

Scripps divisions. Bruce Cornuelle is

working with Emanuele Di Lorenzo to

create a model of coastal dynamics for

the system that includes as many of the

physical processes in play as possible.

e earcn 1 1 n

•

SCCOOS is meant to track the work­

ings of the coastal ocean and provide,

for example, coastal communities with the ability to forecast the spread of

sewage spills and make informed

responses. Cornuelle is attempting to

create small-scale models to spotlight specific areas of interest within the

SCCOOS study. He and colleagues plan to incorporate into these models

Wind-driven dust off southern California coast.

complementary data such as streamflow and motions caused

by winds, tides, and eddies. The model's simulations will

then be matched to SCCOOS observations to continually improve the models and the accuracy and usefulness of

the products.

With the model, SCCOOS could potentially benefit a

number of agencies because coastal waters influence the

flow of sewage, marine organism larvae, and even pollu­

tants or people in the aftermath of vessel mishaps.

53 C R D

grd . ucsd . edu

Ge scien es Reseach D1v1sion

Scientists with the Geosciences

Research Division (GRD) address a

wide range of topics in the earth,

ocean, and atmospheric sciences.

GRD researchers study the physical,

chemical, and geobiological processes

of Earth's mantle, crust, ocean, and

atmosphere. They carry out detailed

investigations in marine geology,

petrology, paleomagnetism, tectonics,

geophysics, isotope geology, geo­

chemistry, mantle and crustal evolu­

tion, and paleontology.

David Hilton's three-year study of

subduction zone activity in the western

Pacific 's Mariana Islands and Japan

received a fortuitous kickoff in May

when one of the Mariana's volcanic

islands, Anatahan, erupted for the first

time in recorded history.

Hilton and colleague

Tobias Fischer from

the University of New

Mexico arrived at the

island within two weeks

of the eruption and

measured how much

sulfur dioxide the volcano

Kathy Barbeau had emitted in its ash plume. The

readings will help Hilton estimate

the output of volatiles along the entire lzu-Bonin-Marianas (IBM)

volcanic arc system that includes

Anatahan.

The work is part of Hilton's study of

subduction zone dynamics in the IBM

chain of volcanoes, which was created

by the Pacific tectonic plate moving beneath the Philippine plate. His sci­

ence party will analyze those dynamics

by sampling by-products like gases

and rocks ejected by the volcanoes.

G R D 54

Kathy Barbeau hopes to understand

how phytoplankton communities in the

Southern Ocean interact with iron, a

nutrient trace metal.

Barbeau and colleagues , led by

Scripps biological oceanographer

Greg Mitchell, are visiting a site in the

southern Drake Passage between

Antarctica and the southern tip of

South America. There, a transition from

low to high phytoplankton quantities

takes place, possibly due to iron add i­

tions. Potential sources of iron range

from wind-blown dust to land runoff

to upwelling from the deep ocean .

The researchers want to determine

which source is most important and

also to understand how plankton

respond to changes in iron supply.

Barbeau said researchers favor the

Southern Ocean as a study site

because iron addition can predictably

enhance phytoplankton growth and,

potentially, carbon dioxide sequestra­

tion. Artificial"seeding " of the oceans

with iron to enhance that sequestration

has been offered as one way to

diminish concentrations of harmful

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Until about two decades ago, little was

understood about methane hydrate

distribution in the ocean . Scientists

now know that the substance has a

profound influence on how the planet

Methane hydrate mass and occupying worms.

Anatahan erupts for the first time in recorded history.

stores methane, a greenhouse gas,

and in how undersea masses of

methane hudrate remain intact.

Methane hydrate is a compound that

consists of methane and water. It exists

in ocean sediment and on the sea­

floor under great pressures and in cold

temperatures in a solid form resembling

ice. Recent discoveries of warm ing

trends in the oceans have led to

inquiries about what happens when

the hydrates melt and release the

methane into the oceanic environment

or even into the atmosphere. Miriam

Kastner was one of the first researchers

to study methane hydrates and is now

engaged in projects offshore of Oregon

and in the Gulf of Mexico to under­

stand more about the characteristics

of the hydrates.

Scenarios associated with warming

oceans could include landslides

involving sections of continental slopes

for which the hydrates act as a kind of

cement that maintains stability. Sudden

influxes of large amounts of methane

into the world 's oceans could deplete

oxygen from the waters, causing pro­

found ecological changes. If methane

gases pass into the atmosphere, they could exacerbate the concentration of

greenhouse gases, to which global

warming trends are partially attributed.

The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Scripps is a branch of the University of California IGPP and hosts the system­wide office. Researchers at IGPP operate a global network of seismic stations (IDA): several modern seismic arrays; a permanent space geodesy network in California; an acoustic thermometry network in the North Pacific; and a variety of microwave and satellite data links to remote instruments at sea and on land. The institute also maintains an active seagoing program, including seafloor and deep-Earth research using a fleet of ocean-bottom seismometers, measurement of gravity on the seafloor, a nonlinear processes laboratory, acoustic thermometry, and seafloor electromagnetics.

Glenn Sasagawa recently made the first absolute gravity measurements in a series that could well outlast his lifetime.

Sasagawa is using the largest earthquake of recent times, the 9.2-magnitude temblor that struck Alaska in 1964, to examine Earth's ongoing response to such a large event. By observing continuing minuscule fluctuations in absolute gravity in Alaska's Kenai Peninsula, he can infer over several years whether Earth moves in a viscoelastic fashion akin to that of thick honey, in a more localized and stiff seismic slip, or a combination of the two.

Using an absolute gravitometer equipped with an ultraprecise laser and an atomic clock, he and researcher Jeff Freymuller of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks measured the value of gravity at several locations within the quake rupture zone on the peninsula. Because of the slow rate of the motion, it could take several years for researchers to see trends that reveal the nature of Earth's motion in the region. Researchers in the more distant future may also build upon this data set.

Graduate student Scott Nooner and his advisor Mark Zumberge are taking part in the world's first large-scale effort to sequester carbon dioxide for purely environmental reasons.

igpp . ucsd . edu

Anthony Koppers

For the past 30 years , geophysicists and geologists have generally accepted that volcano chains like the Hawaiian islands form when the tectonic plates they ride on pass over plumes rising from deep in Earth 's mantle. At these "hotspots" magma can break through the oceanic lithosphere and form volcanoes.

Researchers had long assumed that there is a linear progression of volcanic seamounts

from older to younger as they move away from the hotspot and become inactive. These researchers also believed that the positions of the plumes are fixed in the mantle over long periods of geological time. In recent years, though, researcher Anthony Koppers has shown that the evidence used to support these beliefs might be wrong or incomplete.

As part of a climate change policy, the government of Norway taxes industries whose operations release high levels of C0 2 into the atmosphere. The natural gas pumped in the North Sea drilling operation of oil company

An absolute gravitometer.

Koppers is using improved argon dating techniques to reassess the ages of seamount rocks taken from a variety of locations around the

Statoil contains an excess concentration of C02 of seven to nine percent. To reduce its taxes and decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, Statoil has been injecting the excess C02 into a saline aquifer 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) below the seafloor since 1996.

The primary means of monitoring the effectiveness of the sequestration effort is by using time-lapse seismic reflection studies, which produce images of the C02 bubble within the aquifer.

Scott Nooner

In 2002, Scripps researchers began augmenting the seismic imaging with time-lapse microgravity meas­urements made at a series of locations on the seafloor above the injection point. The injected C02 displaces the denser water, causing an overall change in the mass in the aquifer. Time-lapse gravity measurements are sensitive to mass changes within the aquifer, and can be used to estimate the mass of C02 within the reservoir as well as provide much needed constraints on the density of the injected carbon dioxide. Nooner and Zumberge expect to make another measurement in 2005.

Pacific Ocean. He has found that the seamounts within chains do not

always follow neat age progressions and that previous dating attempts of some samples have been off by as much as 10 million years. Additionally, he has discovered that volcanic seamounts located on the Pacific plate do not indicate the same angular velocity as the tectonic plate, calling into question the widely accepted "fixed" hotspot hypothesis. Koppers said that the movement of migrating hotspots and plates could explain the discrepancy.

55 I G P P

0

0 0

0

iod . ucsd . edu

e Oc anography Di SlOn

0

0

0

0 0

0

0 0

To formalize existing collaborations

between coastal physicists and biologists and

to strengthen interdisciplinary capabilities in

nearshore and offshore systems, the Center for

Coastal Studies and the Marine Life Research

Group merged to form the Integrative

Oceanography Division (IOD). In addition

to collaborative research benefits, IOD is

intended to be a base from which to develop

a more interdisciplinary graduate student

curriculum.

Toxic algae were responsible for a

mass die-off of cormorants in waters

near Monterey, California, and also

two human deaths in Canada just

over a decade ago. Lilian Busse and

Elizabeth Venrick have recently begun

monitoring blooms of two species of

these microscopic creatures.

The pair, along with researchers at

University of California campuses in

Santa Cruz and Santa Barbara, will

use present-day water and mussel

samples taken weekly along an BOO­

kilometer-long (500-mile-long) stretch

of the California coastline over the

next two years. In addition, they will

analyze preserved seawater samples

dating back to the 1920s to create a

historical database of algae blooms.

I 0 D 56

The researchers will use a molecular technique for definitive identification of the

diatom species Pseudonitzschia, which produces domoic acid, and the dinofla­

gellate Alexandrium, which makes the chemical saxitoxin. Both toxins can affect

fish and filter-feeding mollusks such as mussels, which can , in turn, poison

marine mammals.

Busse said the study will illustrate the amount of coherence among toxic blooms

along the California coast, helping determine whether they are local occur­

rences or one large-scale event. The survey could also establish connections

between the blooms and environmental conditions in coastal waters as well as

dolphin and whale beachings. It could also indicate whether such dangerous

blooms have been increasing in recent years.

Kraig Winters and postdoctoral student Jennifer MacKinnon are in the final year

of a four-year study of oceanic internal-wave dynamics and ocean mixing in the

vicinity of prominent seafloor features or strong weather at the surface.

Using the parallel supercomputer at the Center for Observations, Modeling, and

Prediction at Scripps, they are employing numerical models to simulate the fate

and dynamics of energetic internal waves as they propagate into the ocean's

interior. The researchers have already discovered new types of internal wave

instabilities and have found that some well-known interactions between waves

occur faster than previously thought.

A better understanding of near-source internal-wave dynamics will lead to

improved representations of oceanic mixing in large-scale climate forecasting

models and global heat budget analyses.

Postdoctoral researcher Ed Parnell and others are looking at the landscape

ecology of southern California kelp beds in a study that could aid in the creation

of new marine protected areas.

Parnell is currently studying kelp beds in northern San Diego County and in

Point Loma, after recently completing a two-year study of the La Jolla kelp beds.

The La Jolla study was the first to record

local ecology on several spatial scales

ranging from a few feet to entire kelp beds

to several kelp beds within the region.

The study recommends that there should

be no changes to the present boundaries

and regulations of the La Jolla Ecological

Reserve near La Jolla Cove and that the

establishment of another reserve in the

kelp beds would provide more effective

protection. The research will be used by state officials implementing the California

Marine Life Protection Act.

Pseudonitzschia australis, producer of toxic domoic acid.

mbrd . ucsd . edu

• r1ne lOlOg esearcn 1 lSlOD

"We have lots of ideas about why bacteria oxidize manganese, but nothing has proven to be the one reason ," Tebo said . "We

believe there's a selective advantage, but we really don't understand what that advantage is."

Scientists in the Marine Biology Research Division (MBRD) investigate the fun­damental processes affecting

In separate work partially funded by a Superfund Basic Research Program grant to UCSD and the University of

life and energy flow in marine

ecosystems. They examine biodi­

California Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program, he is tracking the anaerobic processes by which bacteria can detoxify hexavalent

versity at multiple levels, from geographical and ecological to physiological and molecular. MBRD investigators explore a variety of habitats, including coral reefs, the deep sea, Antarctica, and coastal California.

European countries have protected adult grouper populations in the Mediterranean Sea for years through the use of marine reserves and regulation of fisheries, but questions remain about how grouper disperse before they become adults.

A grouper in the Mediterranean.

Enric Sala is beginning analysis of grouper larvae sampled over the past two years to determine connectivity, the genetic similarity among gene pools within a species. He and colleagues want to determine the dispersal patterns of larvae in the Mediterranean using genetic fingerprinting and examination of larval earstones, in which the pres­ence of metals can indicate where the larvae were spawned. There are only four known locations in the Mediterranean where adults gather to spawn in midsummer-and all are in reserves.

Determining whether national fishery management strategies are adequate and whether the grouper are better served by coordinated multinational management plans are among the goals of Sala's study.

For more than a decade, scientists have been pursuing ways to exploit bacteria's ability to sequester toxic metals in order to make it a tool for biore­mediation. In two studies, Brad Tebo hopes to understand how and why some bacteria are able to transform metals like manganese, chromium, and uranium.

Bacteria oxidize manganese, and the resulting manganese oxide can bind and sequester metals like lead. Now in the midst of a five-year National Science Foundation study, Tebo has found that certain marine bacterial spores contain an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of manganese. He is part of a multi-institutional research team attempting to isolate and characterize that enzyme. Another challenge is to understand what bacteria gain from transforming metals.

chromium, a potentially carcinogenic metal used in chrome plating and wood preser­vatives, and hexavalent uranium , a by­product of nuclear weapons manufacturing.

Terry Gaasterland, director of the new Center for Marine Genomics at Scripps, is collaborating with marine biologist Horst Felbeck on the center's pilot project.

The pair is studing the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia that lives on hydrogen sulfide pro­duced by hydrothermal vents. Symbiotic bacteria living in the worm 's gut synthe­size the compound into a form the worm can use. Using genetic sequencing, the researchers hope to understand the relationship between the two organisms and the metabolic processes that allow the worm to "eat" hydrogen sulfide.

Gaasterland said preliminary sequencing has helped them discover five different strains of the bacteria. Now she and Felbeck are seeking to catalog the genomes of those strains and to match the proteins associated with those genes to hydrogen sulfide processing.

Terry Gaasterland

www . mpl . ucsd . edu

Scientists in the Marine Physical

Laboratory (MPL) use knowledge of the

ocean and its boundaries to perform

basic research and solve problems in

ocean acoustics, ocean optics, marine

physics, marine geophysics, signal pro­

cessing, and ocean technology. MPL

scientists develop advanced ocean

technology for in situ and remote envi ­

ronmental measure­

ment programs and

for testing new engi­

neering concepts.

Philippe Roux hopes

to utilize the technol­

ogy used in medical

ultrasonics on a small

Luc Rainville (left) and Robert Pinkel scale to mimic the during 2002 HOME cruise. large-scale behavior

of objects buried under the seafloor

or on the move in ocean waters.

In a laboratory tank simulating an ocean

environment, Roux is attempting to

reproduce, isolate, and distinguish the

myriad acoustic echoes that typically

overwhelm signals emitted by buried

mines, swimming fishes, and other

objects in shallow ocean waters .

Instruments that incorporate the

resulting technology could be used for

a range of objectives from minesweep­

ing operations in harbors to counts of

endangered or economically important

fishes. Roux and colleagues plan to test

the processes developed in the labo­

ratory on the ultrasonic scale at low

frequencies in the Mediterranean Sea

in July 2004.

M P L 58

•

Additionally, Roux is conducting similar

experiments in a terrestrial environ­

ment, using a "forest" of pylons set

up on the Scripps campus to study

how sound propagates through the

assemblage. The land-based version

of ultrasound imaging could also have

military applications, he said.

Researchers at Scripps and elsewhere

are continuing to make new discoveries

about how tidal energy manifests itself

in the ocean, thanks to the field data

obtained during the Hawaii Ocean­

Mixing Experiment (HOME) conducted

during 2000-2002.

A twice-daily tide hits the Hawaiian

Ridge broadside, setting in motion a

cascade of secondary events on a

variety of scales . Using data more

detailed than any previously gathered,

Luc Rainville and Robert Pinkel made

the surprising observation that the

internal waves generated every 12

hours from this collision in turn fuel

the creation of 24-hour-period motions

with very high vertical shears, which can

break and dissipate energy quickly.

This process happens surprisingly

fast, suggesting that it is a significant

participant in the process by which

energy dissipates on smaller and

smaller scales.

The purpose behind many of the sounds

whales make, and the distances over

which they need to communicate to

Philippe Roux and his pylon "forest."

• successfully reproduce, remain

unknown. In addition , there is little

information on the distribution and

trends of human-made noise over the

ocean. Researching these two ques­

tions is problematic, because tradi­

tionally it has been difficult and expen­

sive to deploy acoustic instruments

sophisticated enough to track whales

and noise sources precisely.

In a number of different projects, Aaron

Thode is helping to gather data on both

whale sounds and human-made noise,

in the hope of helping to understand

how this noise might affect whales.

Thode has developed a portable

hydrophone array that makes acoustic

tracking of humpback, sperm, and

other whale species in remote locations

much easier than before. In the coming

year, he plans to use the array to

potentially identify biologically relevant

responses to sounds ranging from

fishing boat motors to seismic air guns,

which are used for oil exploration

worldwide.

Thode's work could provide more

detail on how noise affects the feeding

success, communication range, and

possibly even the physical health of

whales. The technology may also help

establish guidelines for environmentally

safe use of undersea blasting and

similar operations.

Aaron Thode with portable hydrophone.

The SeaSoar was used in the HOME project.

Scientists in the Physical

Oceanography Research

Division (PORD) study a

range of observational and

theoretical topics related to

the physics of the ocean.

Some researchers study the large-scale circulation

of the world's oceans or the specifics of smaller

environments such as the continental shelf, estuaries,

or the shoreline. Others examine the interactions

between the ocean and atmosphere. PORD scientists

also develop new technologies such as autonomous

drifters, specialized sensors, and new versions of

current profilers.

Scientists know that hurricanes create turbulent

mixing in the upper ocean, leaving a cool swath of

water near the sea surface. Graduate student Sarah

Zedler, along with her advisors Peter Niiler and Detlef

Stammer, is studying regional differences in simulated

ocean temperature and ocean current responses

to hurricanes.

In a comparative study, Zedler is using a regional

version of a general circulation model that repre­

sents hurricane-like wind stresses in locations such

as the Caribbean, the mid-Atlantic, and the eastern

Pacific. The results show that the change in sea­

surface temperature is smaller in regions like the

Caribbean, where the uppermost layer of water, the

mixed layer, is relatively deep.

The study could ultimately improve computerized

predictions of storm strength by clarifying parameters

of ocean-mixing processes under high-wind condi­

tions. Mixing estimates are important for simulating

sea-surface temperature, which partially determines

the energy available to a storm.

pord . ucsd . edu

The tide that passes the Hawaiian islands twice a day emits an

estimated 20 billion watts of energy, enough to power 20 million

households. Graduate student Joe Martin and his advisor, Dan

Rudnick, are among a team of researchers trying to determine where

that energy goes.

Using data collected during the Hawaii Ocean-Mixing Experiment

(HOME), the researchers concluded that roughly half of the energy

radiates away from the islands in internal tides that escape beyond a

range of 50 kilometers (31 miles). The rest appears to dissipate in

more localized turbulence. Internal tides and the breaking internal

waves they create result in the mixing of ocean waters.

Additional analysis of HOME data

suggests that internal tide genera­

tion in Hawaiian waters is a more

localized process than once thought.

The researchers observed tides

that propagate in well-defined

paths away from the island chain.

The beamlike routes of the tides

likely correlate with the local under­

water topography, or bathymetry,

at places where activity is most

concentrated .

Simulated ocean temperature during a hurricane.

Andrey Shcherbina is using a numerical model to re-create an impor­

tant physical process that takes place in the Sea of Okhotsk, an inlet

of the northwestern Pacific.

A cold, dense water mass forms every winter in the sea as a result of

a process that accompanies sea-ice formation called "brine rejection."

As the ocean water freezes at the surface, its salt is squeezed out of

the ice and sinks into deeper waters that don't freeze. Direct obser­

vations made in the winter of 1999-2000 showed a small portion of

this process for the first time. Shcherbina used the computer model

to fill in gaps of information not measured to produce what he calls

the clearest picture of the process ever made. The model suggests

that factors like tidal mixing play a more important role in the evolu­

tion of the dense water than previously thought.

The dense water mass that makes its way from the Sea of Okhotsk is

a key source of oxygen and other nutrients for waters at intermediate

depths in the northern Pacific Ocean and is an important element in

global thermohaline circulation, which acts as a thermostat for the

world's oceans.

Andrey Shcherbina (left).

59 P 0 R D

60 I

~------------------------------------------------------------------------------. -----------------------------------------

Both hands-on learning and innovative technologies converge at the aquarium to

help visitors experience the wonderful world of the ocean and Scripps research.

~----------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------

(/

ON -SITE VISITORS

:: 363,665

PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES

= 1,241 on-site and field programs for 34,808 participants K-12

= 76 public activities programs

= 174 natural ist-led whale-watching cruises

= 73 birthday party programs

= Total participants: 22,755

SUMMER LEARNING ADVENTURES

= 73 sessions with 1,036 participants

MONROE CLARKE MIDDLE SCHOOL

= 10 sessions with 289 participants

OUTREACH PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS

= 203 programs for 5,222 students

= 54 charity programs for 2,128 participants

= 1,850 total programs reaching a total of 65,575 people

SCRIPPS OCEANOGRAPHIC SOCIETY

= 6,717 members

VOLUNTEER HOURS

:: 24,109

STAFF MEMBERS

= 52 career, 1 casual, 22 by agreement, 3 students

EARNED INCOME

:: $2,775,318

DONOR -DESIGNATED GIFTS AND GRANTS

:: $629,000

OPERATING EXPENSES

:: $2,766,521

•

The Birch Aquarium at Scripps communicates Scripps Institution of Oceanography's science to the public. However, we do not receive direct public fund ing . To serve as the gateway to Scripps research and to the ocean world through high­quality exhibits and programs, we began to strengthen the aquarium 's financial position in the past fiscal year and to create new, sound plans for the future.

I am pleased to report that the first phase of a two-year strategic plann ing process is going well . Financial results from fiscal year 2003 show an increase in total revenue of five percent and expenses were down four percent compared to the previous year. Our long-range vision is to continue to strengthen our programs and showcase cutting-edge Scripps research in increasingly educational and engaging ways. To this end, we have begun introducing new exhibits and programs.

The generosity of the Favrot Fund allowed us to add stunning new, coral tanks and extend the coral -reef displays to include the work of four Scripps scientists. The research of Jeremy Jackson, Nancy Knowlton, Chris Charles, and Bill Fenical is portrayed on four beautiful inter­act ive panels opposite the Tropical Seas Gallery. We hosted a special evening event to celebrate these new features, demonstrating the Birch Aquarium's coral propagation tech­niques and emphasizing the need for coral­reef conservation.

Our mission to foster ocean conservation continued with the new Shifting Baselines dis­play. Two large, changing panels dramatically illustrate the contrast between coral reefs and kelp forests half a century ago with the bare waters and loss of diversity that we see today.

This simple but evocative display is part of a nationwide campaign developed by Scripps scientists Jeremy Jackson and Paul Dayton , along with Randy Olsen and several other part-

I

1rch Aq

ners including the aquarium. To draw attention to the opening of this display, we hosted a special event in June 2003 to.c.oincide with the release .. of the .. landmark Pews Ocean Commission report, America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change.

Our most memorable outreach event last year was the 2003 San Diego County Fair. The fair's theme was Commotion by the Ocean and Scripps was the premier exhibitor in the main exhibit hall, where visitors were able to immerse themselves in a simulated ocean environment. The exhibit, Scripps Ocean Explorations, brought Scripps science and the oceans to life with research instruments, videos, and adventure-filled science pre ­sentations . We offered discount aquarium admiss ion to fairgoers , which helped increase attendance throughout the summer.

Although we began major renovation of the museum side of the aquarium last summer, we were still able to open the Sounds of the Sea exhibit. After premiering at the fair, the traveling exhibit provided visitors with the opportunity to listen to both natural and human-generated sounds in the ocean. It also featured panels high­lighting the acoustic research of four scientists, includ ing Walter Munk, professor emeritus of geophysics at Scripps. In honor of the opening, we held a public discussion on acoustics with Dr. Munk.

The monthly Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science lecture series allows the public to hear directly from Scripps scientists about their research . The series continues to be a great success. Many of our other public programs are growing in popularity, including our whale-watching partnership with San Diego Harbor Excursion, October's Haunted Aquarium, and our Family Days at the aquarium.

I

• rr t Scripps

• Our education programs continue

to flourish and growA Through. the generous support of Price Charities, we have developed a partnership with Monroe Clarke school Education pro­grams. Scripps graduates and UCSD undergraduates provide volunteer service to the aquarium in many ways, including teaching some of our sum­mer learning courses. However, they are especially helpful to running the National Ocean Sciences Bowl. Every year, this regional bowl competition for high schoolers is held at Scripps and in 2003 we hosted the national competition here. We are extremely grateful for the help of all our volun­teers at that event and many others.

We could not fulfill our vision without the help of our donors . I would especially like to thank Wells Fargo Bank for its support of our programs, as well as our neighbors the La Jolla Beach and Tennis Club , and its invaluable partnership. I would also like to thank the Parker Foundation for its help in supporting the development of our new Docent Ambassador Program. Our docents are enormously important to the aquarium. They give thousands of hours of their time to help the aquarium achieve excellence in all of its programs and their con­tribution is invaluable.

Nigella Hillgarth EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

I

-.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~-----------------------------------------

After capillaries are loaded with a gel matrix and DNA (right) into the MegaBACE

sequencer, a laser reads the DNA and sequences it.

-.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------

0

0

+

Curricular Groups 0 +

+ 0

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 - -- ------------- ---------------------------- ---0----

0 0

The Graduate Department of Scripps Institution of Oceanogr~phy offers

instruction leading to Ph.D. degrees in oceanography, marine ~iology, and

earth sciences. Because of the interdiscipl inary nature of !the ocean

sciences, the department provides a choice of eight curri cJi ar groups

through which the student may pursue a Ph.D. degree. Each i group has

prerequisites for admissio~ _i_n_ ~~~~~i-~-~-~~ -~~-~--~~~~~~-~-n~~~ -~~-~-~~~~jents.

Applied Ocean Science (AOS)

This interdepartmental program serves as a bridge between the classical disci­plines of biological, geological, and physical oceanography and the UCSD engineering departments. The aim of the AOS program is to develop scien­tists capable of designing and operat­ing novel instrumentation in support of ocean research, as well as analyzing and interpreting the data.

Biological Oceanography

In the biological oceanography curricu­lum, the interactions of marine organisms with the physical-chemical environment and with each other are studied. Research and instruction in this cur­riculum range from food-web dynamics and community structure to systematics, behavior, biogeography, and physical -biological interactions.

Climate Sciences

The climate sciences curriculum con­cerns the study of the climate system of the earth with emphasis on the physical, dynamical, and chemical interactions of the atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and the terrestrial and marine biospheres. The program includes investigations of changes on seasonal to interannual time scales, changes induced by human activities, and paleoclimatic changes on time scales from centuries to millions of years.

64

Geological Sciences

This curriculum applies observational, experimental, and theoretical methods to the understanding of the solid earth and the solar system and how they relate to the ocean and the atmosphere. Principal subprograms are marine geology and geophysics, tectonics, sedimentology, micropaleontology and paleoceanography, petrology and geochemistry, and isotope geology. Expedition work at sea and fieldwork on land are emphasized as essential complements to laboratory and theoret­ical studies.

Geophysics

This curriculum educates the student about the physics of the solid earth, including the earth's magnetic field, the mechanics of tectonic processes, earthquakes and the waves they pro­duce, the physics of the earth's interior, and mathematical methods for analyzing data and interpreting them in terms of models of the earth. Physical and math­ematical approaches to geophysical research are emphasized .

Marine Biology

The marine biology curriculum empha­sizes course work, seminars, and research on all aspects of the biology of marine organisms. Teaching and research focusing on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes encompass the disci-

plines of cell and molecular biology, biochemistry, developmental biology, physiology, biomechanics, genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry

The marine chemistry and geochemistry curriculum emphasizes the chemical and geochemical processes operating in the oceans, atmosphere , and other environments, and includes the sub­discipline of marine natural products chemistry. Education and research in this curriculum combine field obser­vations with laboratory or modeling projects. Studies of natural systems are often multidisciplinary and integrate chemical concepts and techniques with information about physical , geological, or biological processes, including the effects of human activity.

Physical Oceanography

The physical oceanography curriculum deals with mechanisms of energy transfer through the sea and across its boundaries and with the physical interactions of the sea with its surroundings, especially its influence on climate. Research activities are both observational and theoretical. These inc lude study of the general circulation of the oceans; mechanisms of transport of energy, momentum, and physical substances within the sea and across its boundaries; properties of wind waves, internal waves, tsunami waves, and planetary waves; the ther­modynamic description of the sea as a system not in equilibrium; optical and acoustical properties of the sea; and the influence of the surf on nearshore currents and the transport of sediments.

Student Enrollment

In the fall of 2002, 44 new students were admitted to graduate study: four in applied ocean sciences, six in biological ocean­ography, seven in climate sciences, five in geological sciences, four in geo­physics, seven in marine biology, seven in marine chemistry and geochemistry, and four in physical oceanography. In 2003, UCSD awarded 19 doctor of philosophy degrees and six master of science degrees to the students listed in this section.

Doctor of Philosophy Degrees Awarded, with Titles of Dissertations

Earth Sciences

Nancy E. Bowers "Magnetic Modeling of the Seafloor: Analysis of Short Wavelength Variations within the Brunhes and Anamoly 5 Normal Polarity Intervals"

Eric Christian Hallenborg "The Structure of Mature Oceanic Crust: Tectonic Feature Revealed in Superfast­Spread Cocos Plate by Mulitchannel Seismic Grids and Swath Bathymetry"

David Ericsson Hunter " Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean"

Nancy Marie Kanjorski "Cocos Plate Structure along the Middle America Subduction Zone off Oaxaca and Guerrero, Mexico: Influence of Subducting Plate Morphology on Tectonics and Seismicity"

Gerhard Kminek "The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Amino Acids and Bacterial Spores in Different Geo- and Cosmochemical Environments"

Justin T. Kulongoski " Noble Gases Dissolved in Groundwaters: Techniques for Exploring Groundwater Dynamics and Paleoclimate Variability"

•

David G. McMillan "Statistical Analyses of Geomagnetic Dipole Variations, Reversals, and Geodynamo Simulations"

Peter A. Selkin "Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetics of Precambrian Intrusions"

Alison M. Shaw "Noble Gas and Major Volatile Systematics of the Manus Back-Arc Basin and the Central American Arc"

Linda M. Warren "Analysis of Global Compressional­Wave Spectra to Determine Anelastic Earth Structure and Earthquake Rupture Directivity"

Mark van Zuilen "Tracing Life in the Early Archean: The 3800 Ma Old lsua Supracrustal, Southern West Greenland"

Marine Biology

Harry Scott Rapoport " Biomechanics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of a Molluscan Scleroprotein Elastomer: Whelk Egg Capsules"

Oceanography

Emanuele Di Lorenzo " Dynamics of the Southern California Current System"

Geoffrey Fred Edelmann "Underwater Acoustic Communications Using Time Reversal"

Catherine Lynn Johnson " Dormancy in an Eastern Boundary Current Copepod"

Melissa L. Lerch " Investigat ion of the Potential of Marine Natural Products as Inhibitors of HIV lntegrase"

Degree Recipients

II

Jessica Knight Nolan "Picophytoplankton Productivity: Perspectives from Ecology, Photophysiology, and Optics"

Thomas J. Reichler " Long-Range Atmospheric Predictability"

Peter von Dassow " Regulation of Bioluminescence in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum"

Master of Science Degrees Awarded

Earth Science

Alexander Hutko Christian R. Solem

Marine Biology

Xio He Florence J. Folmer Margot L. Stiles

Oceanography

Stephan Grimes

For application procedures or more information, please write to:

University of California, San Diego

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Graduate Department

9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0208

La Jolla, CA 92093-0208

siograddept. ucsd.ed u

•

--

-

-

-

~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ ------------------------------------------

Scripps engineers d eve loped wave recorders (bottom) for the fall 2003 NCEX

project. With ultraprecise clocks, researchers could track the movement of waves

over the course of millisec onds . .. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------

Henry D. I. Abarbanel, Physics/MPL, Physics

@ Duncan C. Agnew, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Lihini Aluwihare, GRD, Chemical Oceanography

-¢- Victor C. Anderson, ECE/MPL, Marine Physics

@ Laurence Armi, PORD, Physical Oceanography

James R. Arnold, Chemistry/CSI, Space Research

@ Gustaf 0. S. Arrhenius, MRD, Oceanography

Guillermo Auad, CRD, Oceanography

~ Roswell W. Austin, MRD, Optical Physics

@ Farooq Azam, MBRD/CMBB, Microbiology

Jeffrey M. Babcock, IGPP, Earth Sciences

~ Robert Bacastow, GRD, Particle Physics

~ George E. Backus, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Jeffrey L. Bada, MRD, Marine Chemistry

@ Kathel'lneA Barbeau, MRD, Marine Chemistry

illll Jay P. Barlow, SIO, Biological Oceanography

Tim P. Barnett, CRD/MPL, Physical Oceanography

@ Douglas H. Bartlett, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Bacterial Molecular Genetics

David J. Battle, MPL, Engineering

Timothy R. Baumgartner, 100, Geological Oceanography & Paleoceanography

~ e Thorsten Becker, IGPP, Geophysics

Rizlan Bencheikh-Latmani, MBRD, Environmental Engineering

~ Andrew A Benson, MBRD, Marine Biology

Jonathan Berger, IGPP/CSI, Geophysics

@ Wolfgang H. Berger, GRD, Oceanography

Bruce G. Bills, IGPP, Planetary Science

Donna K. Blackman, IGPP, Marine Geophysics

Yehuda Bock, IGPP, Geodesy

~ Hugh Bradner, MAE/IGPP, Physics

Bianca M. Brahamsha, MBRD/CMBB, Microbiology

~ Edward Brinton, 100, Marine Biology

Peter D. Bromirski, 100, Geology & Geophysics

@ Kevin M. Brown, GRD, Geological Sciences

II Reggie Brown, PORD, Physics

-¢- James N. Brune, GRD/IGPP, Geophysics

Greg Buchanan, MRD, Organic Chemistry

@ Michael J. Buckingham, MPL, Ocean Acoustics

II John D. Bukry, GRD, Micropaleontology

~ Theodore H. Bullock, Neurosciences, Neurobiology

II Theodore E. Bunch, MRD, Earth Sciences

@ Ronald S. Burton, MBRD/CMBB, Biological Sciences

Brett C. Bush, CAS, Physics

Lilian Busse, 100, Freshwater Ecology

II John L. Butler, MBRD, Marine Biology

Nicolas Caillon, GRD, Geochemistry

@ Steven C. Cande, GRD, Marine Geophysics

George F. Carnevale, PORD, Oceanography

Laura E. Carrillo, 100, Physical Oceanography

~ Jose Carriquiry, GRD, Geology

@ Paterno R. Castillo, GRD, Petrology

Daniel R. Cayan, CRD/MPL, Meteorology

Luca Centurioni, PORD, Ocean Physics

@ Paola Cessi, PORD, Physical Oceanography

C. David Chadwell, MPL, Geodesy

@ Christopher D. Charles, GRD, Paleoclimatology

@ David M. Checkley, 100, Marine Ecology

Ji Chen, CRD, Hydrology

Shyh-Chin Chen, CRD, Meteorology

Lanna Cheng, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Entomology

Teresa Chereskin, PORD/100, Physical Oceanography

Chul Chung, CAS, Meteorology

~ Linden Clarke, 100, Oceanography

Henderson Cleaves, MRD, Biochemistry

Giovanni Coco, IGPP, Physical Oceanography

Lydwine S. Colzy, CSI, Physics

@ Catherine Constable, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Steven C. Constable, IGPP, Geophysics

Bruce D. Cornuelle, PORD/CRD, Oceanography

~ Charles S. Cox, PORD, Physical Oceanography

~ Harmon Craig, GRD, Geochemistry/Oceanography

illll Paul Crutzen, O-SlO, Stratospheric Chemistry

~ Joseph R. Curray, GRD, Marine Geology

David L. Cutchin, PORD, Physical Oceanography

J. Peter Davis, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Russ E. Davis, PORD, Physical Oceanography

Steven M. Day, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Paul K. Dayton, 100, Biological Oceanography

Grant B. Deane, MPL, Mathematics

Bruce Deck, GRD, Geochemistry

Catherine deGroot-Hedlin, IGPP, Geophysics

Dimitri D. Dehyen, MBRD, Marine Biology

Francisco Delgadillo-Hinojosa, MRD, Coastal Oceanography

11 David Derner, MPL, Applied Ocean Sciences

Christian P. de Moustier, MPL/SOMTS, Oceanography

illll Richard B. Deriso, O-SlO, Fisheries Population Dynamics

11 Michael D. Dettinger, CRD, Atmospheric Sciences

Edward P. Dever, 100, Oceanography

~ Annette Deyhle, GRD, Marine Geochemistry

@ Andrew G. Dickson, MPL, Chemistry

illll Andrew E. Dizon, O-SlO, Zoology

Dietmar Dommenget, PORD, Oceanography

Clive Dorman, 100, Physical Oceanography

@ LeRoy M. Dorman, GRD/MPL, Geophysics

July 1, 2002-..June 30 , 2003

@ Neal Driscoll, GRD, Marine Geology and Geophysics

II Ellen Druffel, MRD, Chemistry

Gerald D'Spain, MPL, Oceanography

-9- Seibert Q. Duntley, O-SlO, Physics

Matthew Dzieciuch, IGPP, Electrical Engineering

11 Stephen Elgar, 100, Nearshore Processes

II M. Hany S. Elwany, 100, Coastal and Ocean Engineering

-9- James T. Enright, MRD, Biological Oceanography

Peng Fang, IGPP, Geodesy

Falk Feddersen, 100, Oceanography

@ Horst Felbeck, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biochemistry

@ William H. Fenical, MRD/CMBB, Chemistry

@ Yuri Fialko, IGPP, Geosciences

~ Jean H. Filloux, PORD, Physical Oceanography

~ Frederick H. Fisher, MPL, Physics

~ Robert L. Fisher, GRD, Marine Geology/Oceanography

Piotr Flatau, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Sciences

11 Reinhard E. Flick, 100, Coastal Processes

Theodore D. Foster, GRD, Physics

@ Peter J. S. Franks, 100, Biological Oceanography

Sharon E. Franks, 100, Oceanography

Helen A Fricker, IGPP, Glaciology

~ Edward A Frieman, Director Emeritus/IGPP, Physics

Robert J. Frouin, CSI, Meteorology

Blanca Galindo, MBRD, Biochemistry

Jeffrey S. Gee, GRD/IGPP, Earth Sciences

~ Agnes Genevey, IGPP, Earth Sciences

illll Konstantine Georgakakos, CRD, Hydrology and Water Resources

Alexander Gershunov, CRD, Geography

Peter Gerstoft, MPL, Civil Engineering

@ Carl H. Gibson, AMES/O-SlO, Fluid Dynamics

@ Joris M. T. M. Gieskes, MRD, Marine Chemistry

-¢- J. Freeman Gilbert, IGPP, Geophysics

@ Sarah Gille, PORD, Physical Oceanography

John Gilson, PORD, Physical Oceanography

Ralf Goericke, 100, Biological Oceanography

~ Edward D. Goldberg, MRD, Chemistry

William J. Gould, PORD, Oceanography

Jeffrey B. Graham, CMBB/MBRD, Marine Biology/ Physiology

Nicholas E. Graham, CRD/MPL, Meteorology

Peter R. Guenther, GRD, Marine Chemistry

@ Robert T. Guza, PORD/100, Physical Oceanography

~ Koji Hamasaki, MBRD, Marine Biology

-¢- Harold T. Hammel, CMBB, Physiology

Jeanne Hardebeck, IGPP, Geophysics

67

0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0

Alistair J. Harding, IGPP, Seismology @ Charles F. Kennel, Director, Astrophysics

@ Philip A Hastings, Graham M. Kent, IGPP, Geophysics MBRD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Deborah L. Kilb, IGPP, Seismology

-¢- Richard A Haubrich, IGPP, Geophysics Katherine H. Kim, MPL, Electrical Engineering Loren R. Haury, 100, Biological Oceanography Michael Kirby, GRD, Geology

@ James W. Hawkins, GRD, Geology Jochen Klinke, PORD, Physics -¢- Francis T. Haxo, MBRD, Marine Botany • John A Knauss, PORD, Oceanography @ Margo G. Haygood, @ Nancy Knowlton, MBRD, Zoology

MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology Robert A Knox,

Thomas L. Hayward, PORD/SOMTS/00, Oceanography 100, Biological Oceanography

Armin Koehl, PORD, Physical Oceanography Michael A Hedlin, IGPP, Earth Sciences

-l> Edvard A. Hemmingsen, CMBB, Physiology Suzanne Kohin, 100, Biology

~ ~ Achim Kopf, GRD, Geology @ Myrl C. Hendershott,

100/PORD, Physical Oceanography Antonius Koppers, IGPP, Isotope Geochronology

• Thomas H. Herbers, 100, Radiation Stress -l> Gerald L. Kooyman, CMBB, Physiology

• Juan C. Herguera, GRD, Oceanography ~ Svetlana Kostic, GRD, Philosophy

Jose Hernandez-Ayon, @ William A Kuperman, MPL, Marine Acoustics

MPL, Coastal Oceanography Hak Cheol Kwon, MRD, Pharmacy

Julian Herszage, GRD/MRD, Chemistry Ngai C. Lai, CMBB, Marine Biology

-¢- Robert R. Hessler, @ Devendra Lal, GRD, Nuclear Geophysics MBRD, Biological Oceanography Carina B. Lange, GRD, Marine Diatoms

@ John A Hildebrand, MPL/GRD, Applied Physics John L. Largier, Mark Hildebrand, MBRD, Biochemistry 100, Coastal and Estuarine Hydrodynamics

@ David R. Hilton, GRD, Isotope Geochemistry M. Gabrielle Laske, IGPP, Geophysics

Noritaka Hirohashi, MBRD, Life Sciences Michael Latz, MBRD/CMBB,

@ William S. Hodgkiss, Jr., MPL, Signal Processing Bioluminescence of Marine Organisms

Linda Z. Holland, MBRD, Molecular Biology @ James J. Leichter, 100, Biological Sciences

@ Nicholas D. Holland, MBRD, Marine Biology @ Lisa A Levin,

Osmund Holm-Hansen, MRD, Marine Biology 100, Marine Population and Community Ecology

-l> Ralph A Lewin, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology ~ Ibrahim Hoteit, PORD, Applied Mathematics

Iilli John R. Hunter, O-SlO, Ichthyology Fang Li, CRD, Mechanical Engineering

-¢- Leonard N. Liebermann, Physics/MPL, Physics Sam F. lacobellis, CRD, Physical Oceanography

Thomas C. Lippmann, @ Glenn R. lerley, 100, Nearshore Oceanography

IGPP/PORD, Physical Oceanography @ Peter F. Lonsdale, MPL, Geology

Anand K. lnamdar, Katja B. Lorbacher, CAS, Radiative Transfer/Numerical Computation

-l> Douglas L. Inman, 100, Physical Oceanography PORD, Physical Oceanography

*® Jeremy B. C. Jackson, GRD/MBRD, Geology -¢- Ralph Lovberg, PHYS, Physics

Jules S. Jaffe, MPL, Biophysics Carl D. Lowenstein, MPL, Marine Physics

Paul R. Jensen, MRD, Microbiology Dan Lubin, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics

@ Catherine Johnson, IGPP, Geophysics Timothy J. Lueker, MRD, Oceanography

Hope Johnson, Gunter W. Lugmair, GRD, Geochemistry

MBRD, Environmental & Engineering Sciences ~ Mary Ann Lynch, GRD, Geology

Kenneth G. Johnson, GRD, Geology Suzanne N. Lyons, IGPP, Geophysics

Mati Kahru, MRD, Biological Oceanography @ J. Douglas Macdougall, GRD, Marine Geology

Adrianus J. Kalmijn, PORD, Biology/Physics Jennifer A Mackinnon, 100, Oceanography

Hideki Kanamaru, CRD, Climatology & Hydrology -¢- Jacqueline Mammerickx, GRD, Geology

Masao Kanamitsu, CRD, Meteorology Elizabeth Mann, MBRD, Biological Oceanography

@ Miriam Kastner, GRD, Geology Arnold Mantyla, 100, Oceanography

~ Ronald Kaufmann, MBRD, Marine Biology David Marsden, CAS, Physics

@ Charles D. Keeling, GRD, Marine Chemistry Simon J. Mason, CRD/MPL, Geography

@ Ralph F. Keeling, MRD, Atmospheric Chemistry Patricia M. Masters, 100, Biology

• Michael P. Kennedy, GRD, Geology @ T. Guy Masters, IGPP, Geophysics

68

James K. McCarthy, MBRD, Microbiology Emily Pidgeon, ~ George G. Shor, Jr.,

~ John A. McGowan, IOD, Civil & Environmental Engineering SOMTS/MPL, Marine Geophysics

IOD, Biological Oceanography @ Robert Pinkel, PORD/MPL, Internal Waves Alexander Shukolyukov, GRD, Radiochemistry

@ W. Kendall Melville, Stephen C. Piper, GRD, Modeling James J. Simpson, IOD, Physical Oceanography MPL/PORD, Fluid Mechanics Igor A. Podgorny, Kimberly W. Skinner, GRD, Marine Geology Sarah Mesnick, CAS, Physical & Mathematical Science Jerome A. Smith, MBRD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Paul J. Ponganis, CMBB, Biology PORD/MPL, Physical Oceanography

'!!I Frances B. Michaelis, MBRD, Marine Biology Shelly K. Pope, CAS, Planetary Sciences Kenneth L. Smith, Jr., '!!I Juergen Mienert, GRD, Geology @ Kimberly A. Prather, Chem/CAS, Chemistry MBRD, Ecological Energetics

~ John W. Miles, Linette Prawiridirdjo, IGPP, Earth Sciences ii!li Paul E. Smith, D-SIO, Pelagic Ecology AMES/IGPP, Geophysics/Fluid Dynamics

Melany Puglisi, MRD, Pharmacognosy ~ Raymond C. Smith, MRD, Physics Arthur J. Miller, CRD/CSI, Physical Oceanography

ill!l Zhengxu Oian, PORD, Physics @ Richard C. J. Somerville,

Benjamin R. Miller, GRD, Earth Sciences [!]@ Veerabhadran Ramanathan,

CRD/CAS, Meteorology

Stephen P. Miller, GRD, Geophysics CSI/CRD/CAS, Planetary Atmospheres Hee Chun Song, MPL, Ocean Engineering

@ Jean-Bernard H. Minster, IGPP, Geophysics ill!l Anthony E. Rathburn, MRD, Geology ~ Fred N. Spiess, MPL, Marine Physics

B Gregory Mitchell, MRD, Phytoplankton Biology ill!l Freda M. Reid, IOD, Taxonomy Janet Sprintall, PORD, Physical Oceanography

Russell Moll, SGP, Biology ~ Joseph L. Reid, IOD, Physical Oceanography @ Detlef Stammer, PORD, Physical Oceanography

ill!l H. Geoffrey Moser, MBRD, Fisheries Biology '!!I Genelle Renz-Killmar, GRD, Geology Hubert H. Staudigel, IGPP, Geology

Mohamed Moustaoui, ~ William R. Riedel, STS, Marine Geology ill!l Jeffrey L. Stein, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology CAS, Atmospheric Dynamics

John 0 . Roads, CRD/CSI, Meteorology Malcom D. Stokes, Jens Muhle, GRD, Atmospheric Chemistry

@ Paul E. Robbins, PORD, Oceanography MPL, Biological Oceanography

~ Walter H. Munk, IGPP, Geophysics @ Dariusz Stramski, MPL, Oceanography

Venkata R. Muvva, CAS, Atmospheric Sciences Gregory C. Roberts, CAS, Atmospheric Sciences

@ George Sugihara, PORD, Mathematical Biology @ Dean H. Roemmich, PORD/IOD, Oceanography

Douglas J. Neilson, CRD, Biological Sciences ill!l James J. Rohr, MBRD, Engineering Physics

James H. Swift,

Boris Nemzer, MPL, Thermodynamics PORD/IOD/STS, Physical Oceanography ~ Richard H. Rosenblatt, MBRD, Marine Zoology William Sydeman, IOD, Ecology Cynthia Nevison, GRD, Atmospheric Sciences ill!l Arnold Ross, MBRD, Marine Biology '!!I Greg K. Szulgit, MBRD, Marine Biology @ William A. Newman,

MBRD/DO, Biological Oceanography ~ Moninya Roughan, IOD, Mathematics '!!I Hideto Takami, MBRD, Marine Biology

'!!I Catherine Nigrini, GRD, Geology Philippe Roux, MPL, Liquid Physics @ Lynne D. Talley, PORD, Oceanography

@ P. Peter Niiler, IOD/PORD, Applied Mechanics @ Daniel L. Rudnick, '!!I Fabian Tapia, IOD, Oceanography

'!!I Walter Nordhausen, MBRD, Marine Biology PORD, Physical Oceanography

Lik T. Tan, MRD, Pharmacy @ Enric Sala, IOD, Ecology

@ Joel Norris, IGPP, Atmospheric Sciences @ Lisa Tauxe, GRD, Geophysics @ Richard L. Salmon, PORD, Oceanography

@ Richard Norris, GRD, Earth & Planetary Sciences ill!l Steven W. Taylor, CMBB/MBRD, Chemistry @ David T. Sandwell, IGPP, Marine Geophysics -R. Glenn Northcutt, Neurosciences, Zoology Bradley M. Tebo, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology

Thomas James Noyes, IOD, Oceanography Annika B. Sanfilippo, GRD/STS, Paleontology

'!!I Alexis Templeton, MBRD, Marine Biology

Anna Obraztsova, MBRD, Microbiology Glenn S. Sasagawa, IGPP, Earth Sciences

Jane Teranes, GRD, Earth Sciences

@ Mark D. Ohman, Allan W. Sauter,

Eric Terrill, MPL, Oceanography MPL/GRD, Ocean Bottom Seismology IOD/STS, Biological Oceanography

Niklas Schneider, CRD, Oceanography Jurgen Theiss, PORD, Atmospheric Dynamics 1'l Raul N. Ondarza, CMBB, Marine Biology Aaron Thode, MPL, Oceanography @ John G. Sclater, GRD, Geophysics @ John A. Orcutt, IGPP, Geophysics William H. Thomas, MRD, Microbiology @ Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, @ Brian Palenik, MBRD, Oceanography GRD, Geological Sciences Hrvoje Tkalcic, IGPP, Geophysics ill!l Dorothy L. Parker, MBRD, Molecular Biology Richard J. Seymour, IOD, Oceanography Michael Tryon, GRD, Earth Sciences @ Robert L. Parker, IGPP/PORD, Geophysics @ Robert E. Shadwick, Mizuki Tsuchiya, MRD, Physical Oceanography ~ Paul Parnell, IOD, Oceanography MBRD/CMBB, Connective Tissue Biophysics Frederick I. Tsuji, MBRD/CMBB, Biochemistry a Gary L. Pavlis, IGPP, Geophysics @ Peter M. Shearer, IGPP, Seismology @ Victor D. Vacquier,

Cheryl L. Peach, BAS, Geology Jeffrey T. Sherman, MBRD/CMBB, Developmental Biology

t William F. Perrin, D-SIO, Zoology PORD, Applied Ocean Sciences Francisco Valero, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics

69

+ 1ft Adjunct Professor Series

Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Scholar

Alderson Chair

Emeritus

Emeritus, on site

Faculty, Department of Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Member of Scripps Institution of Oceanography Faculty

John D. Isaacs Chair

Oo Postgraduate research scientist

0 0 Ritter Chair

Visiting/Postdoctoral scholar

@I Nonsalaried, affiliated elsewhere

CAS Center for Atmospheric Sciences

Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Climate Research Division

California Space Institute

Director's Office

Electrical and Computer -¢- William G. Van Dorn, Medicine/CMBB, Comparative Physiology Engineering Department

PORO, Physical Oceanography Warren B. White, PORO/CRO, Oceanography Geosciences Research Division

Jolante Van Wijk, IGPP, Tectonics Eric M. Wilcox, CAS, Oceanography Elizabeth L. Venrick, 100, Oceanography @ Clinton D. Winant, 100, Oceanography Cecil H. & Ida M. Institute of Geophysics

Michael Vera, IGPP, Physics and Planetary Physics Amos Winter, GRO, Geology

Maria Vernet, MRO, Oceanography * Edward L. Winterer, GRO, Geology Institute for Nonlinear Science

Frank L. Vernon, IGPP, Seismology Kraig Winters, 100, Applied Mathematics Integrative Oceanography Division Andrew M. Vogelman, CAS/CSI, Meteorology Peter F. Worcester, Roland E. A. Von Glasow, IGPP/MPL/PORO, Oceanography

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

CAS, Atmospheric Physics (Meteorology) Alexandra Worden, Marine Biology Research Division ~ Laura Waggoner, MBRO, Marine Biology MBRO, Ecology, Marine Sciences

@ Martin Wahlen, GRO/CAS, Physics Slawomir B. Wozniak, MPL, Earth Sciences Marine Physical Laboratory

John P. Walsh II, GRO, Oceanography -¢- A. Aristides Yayanos, MBRO/CMBB, Physiology Marine Research Division

Haili Wang, MRO, Marine Chemistry @ William R. Young, Neurobiology Unit

* Kenneth M. Watson, PORO/IGPP, Physical Oceanography

MPL, Physical Oceanography Guang J. Zhang, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics Physics Department

@I Gerold Wefer, GRO, Geology Xin Zhang, PORO, Physical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Research Division [1, Wilbert Weijer, PORO, Physical Oceanography @I Alberto Zirino, MRO, Oceanography

Sea Grant Program ~ Chester J. Weiss, IGPP, Geophysics Mark A. Zumberge, IGPP, Physics

@ Ray F. Weiss, GRO, Geochemistry Scripps Institution of Oceanography

@ Bradley Werner, IGPP, Geomorphology Graduate Department

Lyndon West, MRO, Organic Chemistry Ship Operations and Marine

[1, Anthony Westerling, + Technical Support

CRO, Economics & International Affairs STS Shipboard Technical Support -¢- Fred N. White,

• 70

Paul Dayton was selected by the UCSD Academic Senate to receive a 2003 UCSD Faculty Research Lecturer Award.

Staff member Gerald Denny, a principal electronic technician in the Marine Sciences Development Shop, received the first-ever UCSD 50-year service award.

Robert Fisher was elected an Honorary Life Member of the Explorers Club; he has been an Explorers Club Fellow since 1988.

Jules Jaffe was elected a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America.

The San Diego Press Club named Charles D. Keeling the science "Headliner of the Year" as a result of his 2002 National Medal of Science honor.

Scripps Director Charles F. Kennel was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.

William Kuperman was selected as a Secretary of the Navy/ Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair, Scripps 's third such chair.

Lynne Talley

Jessica Lundquist

Graduate student Jessica Lundquist won the Desert Research Institute 's Peter B. Wagner Memorial Award for Women in Atmospheric Science and was awarded a scholarship from the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program for the Americas.

Joe Reid was named a fellow of the American Meteorological Society.

Lynn Russell received the Kenneth T. Wh itby Award from the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Scripps students selected the winners of the first annual Outstanding Teaching Awards, naming Peter Shearer winner of the 2003 Graduate Teaching Award and Neal Driscoll winner of the 2003 Undergraduate Teaching Award.

The U.S. Board on Geographic Names conferred the name Stewart Peak on a 1,097-meter (3,600-foot) Antarctic mountain in honor of Jim Stewart, Scripps 's diving officer emeritus.

Lynne Talley was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Lisa Tauxe received the George P. Woollard Award of the Geological Society of America.

Francisco P. J. Valero was elected a member of the International Academy of Astronautics.

71

-.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.------------------------------------------The Mermaid drifter (bottom) is the prototype for a new breed of seismometers that

will extend earthquake monitoring to the world 's oceans. As envisioned, the drifters

will be deployed by the hundreds to listen for seismic activity .

.. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------

REPORT..& __ • g er 1on

The Scripps fleet completed another

year of extraordinarily wide-rang ing

support of seagoing science. Whether

this range is measured geographically,

by the spectrum of oceanographic

disciplines involved, or by the variety of ship operations and tech-

nical support required to accomplish the research, the scope of

work was matched by the breadth of capability of the crews and

technical support personnel. No element of scientific instrumen-

tation or ship material configuration counted for more than the

work carried out at sea by these individuals with as few setbacks

as humanly possible.

Robert A. Knox ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, SHIP OPERATIONS AND MARINE TECHNICAL SUPPORT

RIV Roger Revelle During the 2003 fiscal year, RIV Roger Revelle undertook 15 diverse

expeditionary legs led by 15 different chief scientists. Activities included several studies at the National Science Foundation 's Hawaii Ocean -Mixing Experiment (HOME) site near the Hawaiian Ridge, where scientists worked to determine the extent to which the ridge is responsible for ocean mixing as tides and other large-scale currents encounter it. Additional cruises along the Cascadia Margin off the coast of Oregon attempted to provide a historical record of large earthquakes. By studying turbidites as proxies for earthquakes, Roger Revelle provided support for an intensive five-year study by Oregon State University, University of North Carolina, and Columbia University to investigate the circulation , biology, and chemistry of the Oregon coastal ocean. It also participated in the continuing California Current Studies and Hawaii Ocean Time Series programs. At-sea testing of the Advanced Tethered Veh icle, an ex-Navy, remotely operated undersea vehicle, began and two student cruises were accomplished. In addition to Scripps scientists, other institutions and organizations conducting research aboard RIV Roger Revelle during the year included the Science Applications International Corporation, University of Hawaii, Applied Physics Lab at the University of Washington, and Oregon State University.

Type Oceanographic research

Year built 1996

Year acquired by Scripps 1996

Owner U.S. Navy

length 273 feet

Beam 52 feet 5 inches

Draft, full 17 feet

Displacement, full 3,512 long tons

Cruising speed 12 knots

Range 15,000 nautical miles at 12 knots

Crew 22

Scientific party 3 7

Total distance traveled 22,106 nautical miles

Operating days 233

Captain: Thomas Desjardins. Relief captains: Wesley Hill and David Murline.

Type Oceanographic research

Year built 1969 (refitted, 1992)

Year acquired by Scripps 1969

Owner U.S. Navy

Length 279 feet

Beam 46 feet

Draft, full 16 feet 6 inches

Displacement, full 2,944 long tons

Cruising speed 11.7 knots

Range 10,061 nautical miles at 11.7 knots

Crew 23

Scientific party 38

Total distance traveled 46,861 nautical miles

Operating days 349

74

R!vMelville RIV Melville supported 11 expedition legs led by 10 chief scientists. Melville

left San Diego and headed south to carry out two geological/geophysical studies along the East Pacific Rise. The first involved imaging and sample collection on the Incipient Rift in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The second measured seafloor properties near the Pacific Margin of Costa Rica. Next, the ship supported the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 's work off Chile to renew a midocean air-sea interaction buoy that provides a long-term series of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes, and oceanic variability. Melville returned to the site of earlier work on the Hotu Matua and Sojourn Ridges. This was the second leg of the Gravity Lineations, Intraplate Melting , Petrologic and Seismic Expedition (GLIMPSE) experiment to recover ocean-bottom seismometers and carry out addi­tional geological sampling. Melville then headed east to Cape Town by way of Cape Horn for four cruises. The Agulhas-South Atlantic Thermohaline Transport Experiment (ASTIEX) cruise southwest of Cape Town deployed moorings to meas­ure mean ocean temperature, currents, and salinity. The Agulhas Undercurrent Experiment along the eastern coast of South Africa involved a hydrographic survey and deployment of three moorings. Of the remaining two cruises, one collected dredge samples on a portion of the southwest Indian Ridge, the other collected marine sediments on the southwest African margin. The ship then crossed the Indian Ocean while carrying out phytoplankton collections and hydroacoustic calibration studies. The year ended with a hydrographic and coastal ocean circulation study off the northwest coast of Australia. These expeditions were led by investigators from Duke University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Brown University, University of Maine, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Texas A&M University, and University of California campuses at San Diego (Scripps) and Santa Cruz.

Captain: Christopher Curl. Relief captains: Eric Buck and Murray Stein.

RIV New H orizon RN New Horizon embarked on 15 cruises with 13 different chief scientists

during the fiscal year. Research comprised a wide variety of projects, including physical, biological, chemical, and geophysical oceanography. New Horizon carried out three two-ship operations. The first was with RN Roger Revelle on a Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC} project to map out the physical and biological oceanographic distributions and processes that influence the zooplankton and juvenile salmonid habitat along the Oregon and northern California coast. The second was with RN Maurice Ewing, conducting a seismic experiment deploying and recovering ocean-bottom seismometers in the Gulf of California. The third was with RIV Atlantis on the East Pacific Rise where New Horizon was used as a laboratory ship for animals collected using the Atlantis-deployed submersible Alvin. Other institutions leading these projects were the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Scientific Solutions, University of Hawaii, and Oregon State University.

Captain: John Manion. Relief captains: Wesley Hill, Murray Stein, and Roger Price.

RIV Robe rt Gordon Sproul RIP FLIP

Type Oceanographic research

Year built 1978 (refitted, 1995-96)

Year acquired by Scripps 1978

Owner University of California

Length 170 feet

Beam 36 feet

Draft, full 12 feet Displacement, full 1,007 long tons

Cruising speed 10 knots

Range 9,600 nautical miles

Crew 12

Scientific party 19

Total distance traveled 27,660 nautical miles

Operating days 228

RN Robert G. Sproul carried out 37 separate cruises led by 21 scientists during the 2003 fiscal year. All of the activity occurred in local waters, except for work off Baja California. Research ran the gamut of oceanographic fields and observational techniques. Sproul is generally the ship of choice for small projects, initial trials of new techniques, student projects, and other activities requiring modest amounts of ship time. Other institutions involved in these studies were Penn State, University of Hawaii, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of San Diego, University of South Carolina, Naval Postgraduate School, National Marine Fisheries, AOA Geomarine Operations, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

R/P FLIP supported three research cruises during fiscal year 2003. Two of the cruises were conducted in the southern California area, one in Hawaiian waters. The first supported the Office of Naval Research sponsored Broadband experiment and was led by Penn State scientist Lee Culver. The second cruise, led by Scripps scientist Gerald D'Spain, was the Passive Synthetic Aperture Sonar experiment during which FLIP was towed east of San Clemente Island. For the third cruise, FLIP was towed by USNS Sioux to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to support the HOME project, led by Scripps scientist Robert Pinkel.

Captain throughout the year: Tom Golfinos.

Captain: lan Lawrence. Relief captains: Louis Zimm and Roger Price.

Type Floating instrument platform

Year built 1962

Type Oceanographic research Year built 1981

Year acquired by Scripps 1962

Year acquired by Scripps 1984 Owner University of California Length 125 feet

Beam 32 feet

Draft, full 9 feet 6 inches Displacement, full 696 long tons

Cruising speed 9 knots

Range 4,300 nautical miles Crew 5

Scientific party 12

Total distance traveled 7,726 nautical miles Operating days 107

Owner U.S. Navy

Length 355 feet Beam 20 feet

Draft, full 12 feet Displacement, full 700 long tons

Cruising speed Varies*

Range Varies*

Crew 3 in port, 5 underway

Scientific party 11 Total distance towed 5,200 nautical miles

Operating days 73

*RIP FLIP is towed to its various destinations.

75

.. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. ------------------------------------------Detailed observations come in many forms from an autonomous profiler (top

right) equipped with the one-of-a-kind FID0-<1> camera, which observes abundance

•. ,...: ..... ··~·A· seismometer (bottom left).

,---------------------' ------------------------------------------

\ \ \ I

' ' ,. ...

,. .., I ' I ' \ I

' \ I '- / I ' - /

'

\ \

\ \ I '

I '

\ \

' ' \

'

• +

Seek. Teach. Communicate.

As the fiscal year ended, Scripps Institution of Oceanography was concluding a century of scientific exploration, preparing for centennial celebrations, and planning to launch into its second century with a vision of even greater service to society. That potential, coupled with mounting state budget challenges, underscored the need for additional private support and earned revenue.

Scripps scientists, students, and staff continue to produce outstanding work, guided by the institution 's mission to seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the oceans, atmosphere, Earth, and other planets for the benefit of society and the environment. Many friends assisted that work with meaningful financial support. Scripps received 8,389 gifts during the fiscal year.

In total , Scripps received $6,967,486 in gifts, pledges, grants, and gifts-in-kind from individuals, corporations, foundations, and other organizations-an amount more than 27 percent beyond the total for the prior fiscal year.

Seek Studying the sea, air, land, and life.

The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation contributed $850,000 to continue its support of Scripps's global change research. The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation for Earth Sciences contributed gifts totaling $393,276 to support the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Scripps. In April 2003, we lost Cecil Green, an extraordinary friend and supporter.

The Comer Science and Education Foundation provided $100,000 to support geochemist Jeff Severinghaus 's climate change research and $100,000 for atmospheric scientist Ralph Keel ing 's work. Unrestricted research contributions included $742,767 from David De LaCour, $93,852 from Bill and Patty Todd , and $26,208 from Stuart and Allison Lasley Goode.

Numerous gifts were received to support the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC) at Scripps, including a $180,000 pledge from Edward W. Scripps, a $30,000 pledge from the Moore Family Foundation , $25,000 from Ivan C. Gayler, and $25,000 from George P. Mitchell. CMBC Deputy Director Enric Sala 's marine conservation research was supported by a $250,000 grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and a $100,000 grant from the Tinker Foundation.

Gifts to support research at the Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine at Scripps included $25,000 from Charles Robins. Dimitri Deheyn's research into the effects of pollution on marine organisms was sup­ported by a $31,160 grant from the San Diego Foundation. The Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute contributed $46,924 toward scientist Jules Jaffe's multi-institutional

I

·evel p ent

project to help reduce manatee-boat collisions . The Helene P. 'Barrington Revocable Trust provided $25,000 to support geophysicist Jon Berger ' s earthquake research . Several private donors made contributions to sustain the incomparable Scripps Oceanographic Collections, among them Twila Bratcher Critchlow, who made an !unrestricted gift of $88,000.

Teach Educating the scientific leaders of tomorrow.

A $1,054,523 bequest from Bettie P. Cody added to the endowment for .the Robert L. and Bettie P. Cody Memorial Fellowship . The ARCS Foundation 's Los Angeles Chapter continued its long-standing student support, with grants totaling $79,369. Scripps scientists Ralph Lewin and Lanna Cheng donated $70 ,000 toward the Cheng An Lun Fellowship Endowment. Other student support included $30,000 from Ellis Wyer for the Wyer Family Fellowship and $25,000 from the Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation to support graduate students work­ing in the Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine. The Canon U.S.A. National Parks Science Scholars Program for the Americas awarded graduate student Jessica Lundquist a $39,000 fellowship.

·Communicate Communicating the results of Scripps science to decision makers in government and industry, as well as to the public.

Fund-raising has been completed for construction of the Robert Paine Scripps Center. Gifts last fiscal year included pledges of $250,000 from Cindy Scripps and William H. Scripps; pledges of $1,000,000 from the SHS Foundation, $35,000 from ITLA Capital Corporation, and $25,000 from Tom and Evelyn Page; and gifts of [$25,000 each from the Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation and 'Wells Fargo Bank.

Richard H. Hertzberg donated $76,000 toward the Shifting Baselines campaign, which is dedicated to increasing awareness about the deteriorating state of the oceans. The Nierenberg Foundation donated $40,000 to support the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest.

The Birch Aquarium at Scripps plays a vital role in communicating Scripps science. Gifts to the aquarium included an unrestricted contribution of $24 7,848 from David DeLaCour and $50,000 from Robert P. Scripps. Gifts to support aquarium education pro­grams included $25,000 each from ITLA Capital Corporation, Wells Fargo Bank, the Parker Foundation, the Favrot Fund, and San Diego Gas & Electric.

As Scripps enters its second century, we are reminded of the continuing importance of friends and supporters. Your gifts truly do make a difference.

J list of Scripps donors appears on the foll~rig pa~.~s.

'John Evey .ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF SCRIPPS FOR DEVELOPMENT

77

.July 1, 2002- ..June 30 , 2003

Federal, State, and City Agencies

Federal Agriculture, Department of

Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station

Defense, Department of Air Force Research Laboratory Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity Defense Threat Reduction Agency Office of Scientific Research

Energy, Department of Miscellaneous Offices and Programs Oakland Operations Office Washington, DC Operations Office

Environmental Protection Agency Health and Human Services, Department of

National Institutes of Health Allergy and Infectious Diseases Child Health and Human Development National Cancer Institute National Cancer Research Resources

Interior, Department of the U.S. Geological Survey (includ ing National Biolog ical Service) Mineral Management Service Miscellaneous Agencies

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames University Consortium George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Goddard Space Flight Center Langley Research Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Science Foundation Navy, Department of the

Naval Research Laboratory Naval Oceans Systems Center Office of Naval Research Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command

California, State of Boating and Waterways, Department of Miscellaneous Agencies Water Resources, Department of

Cities and Counties Orange County Sanitation District San Diego, City of San Diego, County of

Corporations/Foundations/Organizations

Achievement Rewards for College Students (ARCS)-Los Angeles Chapter

Alaska SeaLife Center Willis Allen Co., The American Association for the Advancement of Science Aphios Corporation Architechnics Arnold Orange Associates Geophysics, Inc. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories Behavioral and

Medical Research, LLC Arthur and Barbara Bloom Foundation BP Amoco Foundation, Inc. BP Matching Funds Programs Beyster Family Foundation, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Inc. Brummitt Energy Associates Carnegie Institution Casner Family Foundation Catnip Chela Financial Resources, Inc.

?8

Chevron Texaco Cisco Systems, Inc. Citigroup Foundation Comer Science and Education Foundation Commerce Trust Company, The Companion Petcare Professional Conoco, Inc. CP Kelco U.S. David and Martha Dominguez Charitable Foundation Dow Chemical Company Electromagnetic Instruments, Inc. EN2 Resources ExxonMobil Corporation ExxonMobil Exploration Company ExxonMobil Foundation Fleet and Family Support Center of San Diego Richard and Beverly Fink Family Foundation Willis and Jane Fletcher Foundation Samuel H. Ill and Katherine Weaver French Fund GenCorp Foundation Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co., Ltd.

(Japan) Germany, Government of (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) Glosten Associates, Inc., The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation for Earth Sciences Gregg Industrial Park William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation Harrow's Wholesale Jewelers Salah M. Hassanein Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute Hyatt-Financial Services IBM Corp. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology

(IRIS Consortium) Information Systems Laboratories, Inc. Inter-American Institute (IAI) for Global Change Research lnterOcean Systems, Inc. Isaacs Brothers Foundation, The Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ITLA Capital Corp. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jewish Community Foundation Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation Korein Foundation, The Lanter Eye Care and Laser Surgery Larrabee & Zimmerman, LLP Lifewellness Institute Lodge at Torrey Pines Marvin Gardens, Inc. Andrew W Mellon Foundation Merck & Co., Inc. Merrill Lynch & Company Foundation Meyerson Management Miramar & Co. Monterey Peninsula College Trust Fund Kenneth F and Harle G. Montgomery Foundation Moore Family Foundation Morgan Stanley Motorola Foundation Muse Futon Artists Gallery National Fish and Wildlife Foundation National Space Development Agency of Japan National University of Singapore Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nierenberg Foundation Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, The Norsk Hydro Produksjon AS. (Norway) NVI,Inc. Oceanic Institute of Waimanlo, Hawaii, The R. J. Ogden Electric

OHM Ltd. Orincon Corp. Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Pacific Shellfish David and Lucile Packard Foundation Gerald and Inez Grant Parker Foundation Penates Foundation Pittsburgh Foundation, The

(Bessie F Anathan Charitable Trust, at the request of Ellen Lehman)

Ponagansett Foundation, Inc., The Project Exploration, Inc. PSK Enterprises, Inc. Oualcomm, Inc. Quantitative Advisors, LLC Ouest for Truth Foundation R. W Smith and Co. Rancho Santa Fe Foundation RD Instruments Henry & Ida Richard Foundation Steven J. Rigler, Chiropractic Corp. Rocket Publishing Co., Inc. Rockwell International Corp. Joseph Rosen Foundation Maurice Roy Photography Salk Institute for Biolog ical Studies San Diego Foundation, The

(including Robert and Carolyn Roden Fund) San Diego Gas and Electric San Diego Revitalization Sandia National Laboratories Schlumberger Limited (France) Schmid Laser Leveling Schoenith Foundation Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving Science Applications International Corporation

(including Telcordia) Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation John P. Scripps Foundation, The SEES Dr. Seuss Foundation Shell Oil Company Foundation SHS Foundation, The Spectrum Automation Star & Crescent Boat Co. Statoil R & D Centre (Norway) Charles H. Stout Foundation Strategies for the Global Environment Edna Bailey Sussman Fund Synergy Electric Co., Inc. Szekely Family Foundation Texas A&M Research Foundation Tinker Foundation Treebeard's Verdant Garden University of California

California Institute for Energy Efficiency Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Mexus Pacific Rim Research Program Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program

Union Bank of California, N.A. United Technologies University and Community College System of Nevada

(includ ing UN Las Vegas) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation Yaspan Unterberg Foundation, Inc., The Vulcan Lead Products Co., Inc.

WD-40 Co. Wells Fargo Bank

Wells Fargo Foundation Western Graphics Willow Designs & Interiors Winthrop, Inc.

Individuals

Cynthia Aaron and Craig Higgs Mimi and AI Abady Phyllis and Lynn Abbott Margery J. Abinanti Richard Abney Doreen and Robert C. Abrams Gail and Norm Achen Deborah Adamowicz Jean and Dawn Adams Marilyn Adams Therese Adesgeorge Leona K. Adler Martha Fay Africa Martha J. Alden Trish Alessio June and Daniel Allen Martha Allen by Maryse and Nikolaus Almassy Lihini Aluwihare Mary and David Ambrose Joy Ameel Patricia and Kevin Amis Jolene and Walter Andersen Joanne E. and David C. Anderson Jo Anne Anderson Leona and John Anderson Sari lee and George C. Anderson Victor C. Anderson Jean and Craig Andreiko Robin and C. Scott Andrews Virginia and John Andrews Elaine and Stephen Antoniuk Carol and John Armstrong Carol and Gary Arnold Rene Arnush Ann Griffith Ash Anthony Atkins Dawn and John Atkins Anna and Wilton Atkinson Patricia and Roswell Austin Alchera Ayyad Jami and Ken Saar Stella and James W. Backhaus Anna and Joe Baeza Jean and Jim Bailard Joyce and Lawrance Bailey Megan Bailiff and Warren 0. Curtis John Baker D. Baldwin Karl Banse John Barbey Chic Barna Carolyn and Milton Barnes Judith Barnes Eugene Barnyak Donna and Richard Barrett Fulvia and lzadore Barrett Elizabeth Sarrett-Connor and Jim Connor Helene P. Barrington Gayle Barsamian and David Clapp Ina Bartell Neuah and Stephen Bartram George Basch Rodey Batiza Ralph Baty Raymond Bauer

I

~udolf Bauer p1ga and Joseph Becker

~ita and Marvin Beddoe ames Beeler ohn Beers avid Begent erald Belkin

Rita and James Bell Barbara Bellaire Kim and Erich Benndorff Doug Bennett Jacklyn Bennett Dorothy and Andrew Benson Judy and Roger Benson Brian K. Bentler Patricia Bentley Elisabeth and John Jerome Bergan Carl A Bergard Karen and Wolfgang Berger Lynn and Brian Bergstrom Lynn and Jay Berman Debra and Tony Bernot John A Berol Merle Bevis Blaine Beyer Betty and J. Robert Beyster Jim Beyster Marie and James Biers Gretchen and Brett Bigelow Patti and Bill Bigham AI nora and Charles Bishop Beverly Ray and Andy Bishop Fiona Black Suzan and William Black Virginia Black Tom Blair Daniel and Jennifer Blanchard Lynn and Dan Blanke Robert Blayney Denise and Gene Blickenstaff Julie Block Barbara Blomgren Macine and Colin Bloor Cheryl Blum Louise and William R. Boehm Alma Boers Marilynn and Roger Boesky Susan Bohlin Barbara and Clarence Bolin Thelma and Charles Bollinger James Bondoux Barbara and Stavros Booras Nancy Saikhon-Borrelli and Fred D. Borrelli Walter Bortnichak Jennifer and John Bost Kathleen and Philip Botkiss Eleanor and Robert Bottomley Paula and Joe Boudreau James Bowers Thomas Boyd Anne C. Taubman and David Boyle Samuel Bozzette Cecilia and Robert Brace Jil l Bradburn Barbara and Rich Bradham Dan Bradley Marjorie and Hugh Bradner jBianca Brahamsha !susan and James Brandt Jane and Daniel Brannegan Robert Breitbard Andrew Breiterman Beth and Kevin Bresnahan ~uadalupe and Timothy Brictson

1

arah Livia Brightwood

- Stuart Britton Carol Ann and Anthony Broad Maureen Brock Sophie and Arthur Brody Susan Brody Helen Louise Brooks Paul Brooks Hal Brown Kay and Michael Brown Laura and Archibald Brown Lillian Brown Mary Anne and Judd J. Brown Richard Brown Roger Brown Wendell Brown Roseann Gothelf Brozinsky and Steven Brozinsky David Brozovsky Peter Brueggeman Ann and Charles Bruin Elizabeth L. Brummitt and Robert H. Mellott Jeff Brummitt Melinda and Bryan Bruns Natalie and Irving Buchalter Edward Buchanan Kathleen Bucher Cherie and Slader Buck Elizabeth Buckwalter Mark Bucon John David Bukry Bryan Bullard Martha and Theodore Bullock Michael Burgess Maggie and Brant Burington Kathy and Peter Burinskas George Burke Steven Burks Esther J. Burnham Roberta and Malin Burnham Ginny and David Burnight Helga Burreii-Sahl Cody Burton Helen Burton Kathy Burton Myrna and William Bussing Janis and John Butcher Bill Butler Grace Butler Suzanne and Hans and Butschun Robert A Buzzelli Kim and George A Cacioppo, Jr. Patty Cady Ben Cagle Vera and Fred Cake Kathleen Mary Callagy James Cameron Marilyn and John E. Cameron Markley Connell Cameron Betsy and James Campbell Constance and Keith Campbell Dorothy and Robert Campbell Gerald Campbell Glendon Campbell Yvonne Campos Harold Canavan Janell Cannon Ellen Caprio and Mike Gherrity Ted Caragozian Laura Carapellese Claire and Richard Carlyle Patricia and James Carmel Ken Carpenter Kristin and Jeffrey Carpenter Nadine S. and Edward Carson Marge and Frank Caruso J. Caruthers

79

•

Marjorie and Frederick Caserio MaryRuth and Charles Cox Alice Doyle Gabrielle Cassou Mahvash and Edward Cox Natalie and Patrick Doyle Paterno Castillo Cathryn Craft Carol Nelson Druyve·stelri and Jay Druyvestein Betty and Dan Caughlin E. Cramer Betty and Douglas Dubrul Elsie Cavanaugh Walter Crampton Steven Duff Katherine Hedstrom and Joseph Cermak Ill Clare and Loch Crane David Dunbar A. t Certik Karen Shieh man Crawford Christina and Leonard Duro John Chabina Kim Crisp Carol Durst Elizabeth and David Chamberlin T wila and Thomas Critchlow Alan Dusi Rebecca and John Chamberlain Stanley Cross Mark Easton Jill and Hank Chambers Alice Crosser Elisabeth Ecke Benjamin F. Chao Marian E. and Kim C. Crosser Margaret Eggers Rubie and Thomas Chapman Carol Ann and Thomas Crow Thomas Eggleton Roger Allan Chastain Grace and Willard Cudney .Mary Ehlers-Pearman and Simon Pearman Nicole A Chauche John Stewart Cullen Sanford Ehrmann David Checkley Julie and Paul Cunningham Robert Eichelberger Lanna Cheng and Ralph Lewin Mary Anne and Joseph Curray StevenS. Eilenberg and Marie Tartar Shirley Chervin Linda and Brian Curtice Patty and Richard Elk us Cecilia Cheung Laurence Curtis Laura and Scott S. Eller Rosemary Cheung Peggy Curtis-Martin Mary and Donn Ellerbrock The T !lrry Chicca Family Barbara Czescik Jim Elliott Guy Chisolm Francis Dahlen Edmund Ellis Peggy and Stanley Chodorow Joan and Ronald Dahlin Helen and Rick Emmerson Mary and Henri Chomeau Joan Dainer Art E. Engel Ruth Christian Bob D'Angelo Louise and VictorS. Engleman Gary Christiansen Linda and Paul Danninger Katie Engler SuChung John Darauche Janet and Thomas English Michelle Ciccarelli Joyce and William Daubert Richard Eppley Carey and James V. Cimino Constance and David Davidson Shirley and Martin Eramo Lauretta Cipra Bill Davis Anne Erdman Vfrglnia Cirica and Lawrence Goelman Leslie Davis Carolyn and Leif Erickson Mary and J, Dallas Clark Michelle and Bruce Davis Norman Ernst Peter B. Clark Phyllis and James Davis Sandra Ernst Virginia Clark Ruth F Davis Carol and Donald Estes Jackie L Clarke and Dennis Clayton Steve Davis William Estes, Jr. John Clayton Deborah Day Anne Evans Barbara and Joseph Cleary Linnea and Paul Dayton Cynthia Evans Kenneth Clewell Betty and Alex De Bakcsy John Everett William Clewes James De Lana Marc Ewing and Lisa Lee Bunny and Christian Clews Maude De Schauensee Judy and Donald Faas Ita and Warren Clifford Nancy and Kenneth Deeds Andrew Faber Mark Cocalis Patricia and Charles Deen William Fahy Bettie Cody David C. DeLaCour Pamela Fair and Glen J. Sullivan (Jregory Cody Rose and Billy Demos Carol and Randy Faith Davis Coghill Nancy and Theodore Demosthenes Dorothy Ann and Darrell Fanestil Florence Cohen Shannon and Michael Dempsey Vicky and Ronald Farkas George S. Cohen Earl Denton Kara and Daniel Farley Josepha Cohen Cynthia and Dominique Desmet Thomas Farrar Karen and Kenneth Cohen Robert DeVerell Beda Farrell Renee Cohen Jenny and Patrick Devitt Edward Farrell Ruth and Nathaniel Cohen Zeth and Joshua Devore Elsa and George Feher Holly Colavin Stephen Diamond Willis Fehlman Anne Coleman Claudio DiBacco Jane and Ronald Feldman Margaret and Lawrence Coleman Carol and Martin Dickinson Nancy Fenton Mary Lee ~;~nd Gary Coleman Margaret Diehl Donald Ferren Sharron and John Coleman Chris Dilg Jane and Thompson Fetter Elaine Collins Jill and John Dillard Michael Fiechtner Karen and Tom Collins Susan and Jack Dilustro Richard Fink Gina and Brian Conkle William Disher Barbara finn Lori and Mark Conlan Richard Disraeli Gerald Finnell Alan Conrad Marion and Frank Dixon Gordon Firestein Robert Conw11y Christie and Tom Dixson Joseph Fischer Teresa and Neil Cooper Joseph Dobias Frederick H. Fisher Vivienne Cassie Cooper Nancy Dodds Joan Fisher Andrew M. Cooperman Lorraine and Stephen Doering Patricia and Jack Fisher Berneice and Dempsey Copeland Josh Doheny Robert Fisher Helen K. Copley Carolyn and William Doherty David A Fitz Linda and Steven Copp William Michael Donato Stephen Fitzpatrick Joseph Corduan Richard Dooley Marie Fleischer

Bard Cosman Rosemary and Charles Doolin John Fleming Evelyn and Richard Cotton James Dorey Joyce Fleming Randi L Coulthard Margaret Dornish Landy and Jill Fleming

Pamela and Philippe Coo\lignt\u Julie Farr Dorobek and J. S. Dorobek II Barbara Fletcher Marjorie Covill Patricia and Glen Doughty Debra and Tim Fletcher

Peflny and Gary Cowell Philip Dawley Prue and Walter Flicker

so I

Dianne and Michael Hyat Doreen and David Hyde Dolores and Sam lacobellis Helene and Sam lacobellis Linda Nye and Guy Iannuzzi Jim ldell Shirley and Rudy Iglesias Bonita and Carl Inman Douglas Inman Kim and John Ireland MaryCarollsaacs Patricia and Hart Isaacs Kathy and Darrell E. lssa Christina and Gabrielle lvany Sumant lyer Gary Izumi Peter Jackal us Jessie Jackson Lizbeth and Robert Jackson Nora and Alan Jaffe Stephen James Daphne and James D. Jameson Khalid Jamil Jose Manuel Jasso Helen and Thomas Jenney Livier and Luis Jimenez Kathy Johns Paul Johnson and Yumiko Kato Donna and David Johnson Frieda and Jay Johnson Holly and Scott Johnson Mary and Gerald Johnson Robert Johnson Ruth Johnson Susan and James Johnston Eleanore and Galen Jones Houston Jones Patricia and Franklin Jones Bret Jorgensen and Susan Urquidi Florence and Myron Joseph Alisa and Robert Judge Nancy and Michael Kaehr Myrna Kahle Richard Kahler Pamela Kaires Cheryl and John Kampe Norval Kane Sharyn Kang Virgina and Arlen Kantor Charmaine and Maurice Kaplan Priscilla Karaman Nanette and David Karin Carmen and Kevin Kasner Kim Kastens Peter Katz Katherine and Julian Kaufman Dawn and Patrick W. Kearney Irene and Gary Keehner Louise and Charles Keeling Floriene Keener Denise and Keith Keeter Ceri Keith

82

Jennifer and Mark Kelley Joanne and Joe Kellogg Keith Kells Charles Kelly Patricia A Kelly Diane and Bill Keltner Judy Kendrick Flora and Wayne Kennedy Ellen Lehman and Charles F. Kennel Edythe and William Kenton Julie and Kern Kenyon Sue Ann and Steven Kern Steve Kester Robert Kieckhefer Gary Kiefer Elizabeth and Donald Kiel Roger Killam Janie Killermann Shirley and William Kimmich Jerry L. King Josephine and Stanley King Luly and James King Katharine and Roger Kingston Colleen and Terry Kinninger Robert Kintz Frances and Lowell Kinzer Karen and Matthew Kirby Eddie Kisfaludy Faye and James D. Kitchel Barbara and Neil A Kjos, Jr. Naomi Klahn Janet and Philip Klauber Kathy Klingensmith and Michael Reynolds Steven Knappenberger Carolynne and Hans Knickmann Louise and Raymond Knowles Dorothy and Robert Knox Sheri Ann Knox Noriya Kobayashi Mariette and Hans Kobrak Susan Koehler Denise and Lee Koerner Cindy Kohlmiller Min Koide Sandra Komenda Cathleen and Sam Konyn Larry Kope H. Kopperud Carol Kornfeld Patricia and Daniel Kowalski Frank Kramer Krant Family Trust Jane Kreis De Lares Krenz Marvin Krichman Inger and Kai Kristensen Sally and Norman Kroll Nancy and Robert Kronemyer Mary Ellen and Anthony Krut Kenneth Kustin Gina and Mike La Barbera Sharon and Joel Labovitz

Helen and Richard Labowe Scott LaFee Mark Laffoon Maria Kathy Lai and Ngai Chin Lai Stuart Laiken Amrum Lakritz Aruna Damany and Devendra Lal Eva Runnman Lamar and Michael Lamar Herve Lambert William Lamph Chris and Mike Landry Richard Lane Irene and Stanley A Lang Ronald Langacker Rose and John Langford Earl and Carolyn Lanter Francesca Ruiz De Luzuriaga and Ross Larkin Susan Larsen Elsie Larson Robert Larson Gabriele Laske Larry Latona Carol and George Lattimer Ella and Milton Lau Thomas Laurence Allison and Richard Laurie Gael Lauritzen Susan Leach Paul Leavesseur Kira Lebowitz-Oids Joy and Roy Ledford Cindy Lee Craig Lee Deanne Lee Kirstin Lee Theresa Lee Kathy Leech-McKinney and Bob McKinney Jacquelin Leisz Albert Leithold Richard Leonard Ruth and Ronald Leonardi Marie Lerose Carolyn Levin Carolyn and Jeffrey Levin Lisa Levin Richard Levine Christine and Cliff Levy Judy and Aaron Lewin Edward Lewis Frances and Raymond Lewis Nancy Lewis Russell Lewis Susan and Joseph Licastro Vance Licata Jan and Tom Licterman Vern Liermann Wayne Lill Janet and Carl Lind Eileen and William Lindquist Rebecca and John Lines Connie and Terry Lingren Particia Daly-Lipe and Steele Lipe

Cindy and Craig Little Lynn Little Norma and David Frank Little Kathy and Ken Lloyd

__B.@~!:Qfg@..n__ John and Laura Lofthus Thomas Lohner Michele Lolly Alessandra and Scott Long Lee and Dick Long Joseph LoPresti Doris Lord and John D. Wright Tracy Loughridge Leo Louis Dennis Loveless Lawrence Lovell Carl Lowenstein Mary Lowery Diane and James Lowman Susan Luberto Richard LuBoviski Mary and Dale Lucas Barbara and Ed Luce Cynthia Luchetti Michael Luedke Jean H. Lutzker Jeff Lyle Eric Mabry Sheila and John MacDougall Frieda Mace Suzanne Macoviak Tom Maddox and Randy Clark Thomas Mader Richard Madresh Melinda Magdalene Rafe Andrew Magee Cathy Magruder Laura and Mike Mahaney Eileen Maher Suzanne and William Malega Helen Mallet Russell Malmsbury Joy and Ronald M. Mankoff Barbara Mansdorfer Norma Louis and Arnold Mantyla Gerrie and Ernie Mares Richard Markley Ellen Marks Gretchen and Gary Marlette Susan and William Marshall Anne Marston Elisabeth and Kurt Marti Jean and Michael T. Martin Marie L. Martineau Joanne and Martin Marugg George Masek Sharon and Rich Masek Joseph Maskalenko Bristol and Donald Maslin Patricia Masters Clarence Masuo Margaret and William Masur Brenda and Ric Mathews Sue and James Mathews Penny and Peter Mathewson Francisca and Benjamin Matiella T etsuo Matsui Emilie and Maurice Matthews Keith Mautner

+

Colleen O'Leary Maxwell and Arthur Maxwell John Mazich Gloria and William McCaffrey

Anne and Andy McCammon Sherry and T. J, McCann, .Jr, Elizabeth Mccarthy Georgia and Jeff McCiemons Betty McCormack Anne McDewell Jack McDowell James McFarland Cheryl and Fred McFarlane Deborah and Donald McGill George McHugh Oyimne Mciver John McKay Kimberly and D. McKean Kat~; and Joe McKenzie Kris and James L. McMillan Patricia and Thomas McMillan Tom McMillan Wallace McOuat Leslie and John "Mac' A.McOuown Bob Mead Patricia and William Mean ley James Means Kasa and Ed Mele Olnd.y Melter Nancy Melucci Sabina Watlach and W. Kendalf Melville Gifford M. Menard Gerald Mendelson Matthew Mendenhall Robert Mendenhall Mary and Charles Meroinger Rose and Francisco Merino Beverly and Frederick Meyer Christina and Karsten Meyer Mathew Meyer Setty and John Meyers Mary Meyers and William Samuel Joanna Jensen and Robert Meyerson Anne Middleton Ken Mignosa Carol Miklos-Berly Herberta M. and John W Miles Krista! Miles Charles Miller Erik Miller Geoff Miller Jennie Miller Nancy Miller Stanley Miller Connie V Dowell and Stephen P. Miller Valeria and Paul Miller Barbara and Howard G. Milstein Phyllis and Stan Minick Carol Jean and Jean-Bernard Minster Cynthia and George P. Mitchell Kathy Mitchell William Mnatzakanian Marilyn and Russell Moll Martha Montanez Harle G. Montgomery Sandra and Paul Montrone Anna Lou and Seibert Moore + James Moore Marcia and JOhn Moore Martha and Stuart Moore Michele and Kenneth Moore Robert Moore Laurel and Grant Moorhead Sandy and Rudy Moraies Marilyn and Stephen Moran Virginia Moreno Jef#ey Morgan Judith B. Morgan and Neil Morgan Maria a.nd Michae!J; Morris

Vanessa and Michael Morrison Very! Mortenson Sara Moser Mary Mosson Judith Mostyn Lara Mouritzen Charles Mrdjenovich Heather and Jason Mubarak Constance Mullin David Mullin Stephen Mullin Karen Munger Judith and Walter H. Munk Theresa and Jeff Murdock Kim Murphy Paul Murphy Arthur Murray Gerald W. Murrie Deborah and Charles Myers Marjorie and Dale Myers William Myers Howard Naftalin Sepideh Nasri Notiyuki Nasu Rosanne and Keith Naunheim Eleanor and Je.rry Navarra Natalie and Stephen Neal lucy A Neale Paul Negulescu Annette and Brian Neill James Nelson Johanna and Robert Nelson Lollie and Bill Nelson Kristin Nelsonsick Andrew B. Newman Lynn and Andrew Newman Lynn and William Newman Sally Newman John Nichols William Nicol Victoria Niderost Caroline and Nicolas C. Nierenberg Edith Nierenberg Joan and Webb Nimick Karen Nishikawa Marjorie and Peter Nooteboom Tom Nordstrom Dorothy and William Normark Robert Norris James Novello Garrick Nugent Julie and Robert Nydam MaryO'Boyle Gayle L. and James D. O'Connell Nancy O'Connor Carolyn and John Odermatt Peggy Oechsle Martin Offenhauer Bob Ogden Mark Ohman HajimeOhno Ana and Raymond Olds Mary Margaret Olin Dennis Olson Lauren Olson Joan and John Oltman-Shay RodneyOrth Carol and Frederick Orton Jackie and William Osborn Gordon Osterstrom .Janet and Clyde Ostler Sabine Ottilie Joanne Overlease Mary Le.e and. Forrest Owen Evelyn and Thomas A. Page

83

CJa a ,:J'·"J a a a <J C) C) C) () C) C)

<J oa Ina a~~~·1. Page a a \J Terry Paik Susan and Fred Pakis Maria and Bob Palko Dadine and Dan Palmatier Jill and Chris Palmenberg + Barbara and Jim Palmer Cynthia and Michael Parente David Parker Jacqueline Parker Michael Parker Kevin Parra Dorothy Parsons Joan Parsons Timothy Parsons Cynthia and Michael Parti Carolyn S. Paschal Elizabeth Pascoe Nori and Scott Patrick Cathy Patsko Gretchen and Larry Paulson Nancy Pavlich Betty Peach-Tschfrgi Dianna and Charles Pearsall Jennifer and Michael Peccatiello Glenn Pelletier Laura and Anthony Pelletier Laurene and David Pena Paul Pendergast Julie and Kim Pendergraft Val and Jerome Pendzick Barbara and Nolan Penn Beverly and Stanford S. Penner Russ and Carol Penniman Mary Perez Christy and Christopher Perret George Peters Karl Peters lynn E. Gorguze and Scott H. Peters H. Petersen Nancy and Sidney Petersen Harry Peterson Joseph Peterson Martha Peterson Peggy Petschek Charle~ Pettis Rick and Nansy Phleger Cheryl Pia Lawrence Pickard Robert Pieper Sea and Glenn Pierce GiGi and Jeffrey Pincus Diane and Gary Pinhero Linda and Robert Pinkel Linda Pintare!l T onya Piwniczka Anne S. Plachta Val Plummer Nancy Podbielniak Joseph Pomento lawrence Pool Nancy and Thomas Porter Debbie Potts Joanne and Neil Powers Shirley and David Powers Richard Prantil Paul Prelitz Jennifer Preske Janet Akers-Preslan and William Preslan Peggy and Peter Preuss

84

Allison and Robert Price Mary and Robert Price Patricia Price Shannon and Craig Priest Margaret F. Pryatel Marilyn and Allen Puckett Cherrie and Gerry Pugeda Karen and David Pullman Kedar Pyatt Charlotte and Joseph Quicker Elizabeth and J. David Quilter Haruko Hayashi Quirk Frances and Charles Raab Robin Rady Susan Randerson John Rangel Helen Ranney John Rawls Priscilla and Enrique Rayon Marvin Read Ella and Jackson Reavis Ed Reich Susanne and Christopher Reich Robert Reichman Freda and Joseph Reid Marti and Todd Reis Robert and Niva Resner Robert Resner Ellen Revelle Kathy Klingensmith and Michael W Reynolds Mary and James Rhetta Mary B. Rheuben Kalpana and James S. Rhodes Ill Edwina and Roy Riblet Patrick Rice Ruth and Richard Rice Edward Richard James Richardson Katherine Richman VanDuyn Ridgway Steven Rigler Paul Riha Kathryn M. and David R. Ringrose Lillian and Donald Ritt Sharna Rirtmaster Connie Robbins Lynne and Howard Robbins Norman C. Roberts Nancy J. Robertson and Mark Cookingham Mark Robillard Charlie Robins Jeremiah B. Robins Linda Robinson and David Ault Stuart Robinson Donna and Henry Robles Anne and Jerome Rockwood Phil Rodgers David Rogers Diane Rogers-Ramachandran and

Vilauanur S. Ramachandran Gloria and William Rogers Mary Ann and Leonard Rogers Steven Rogers Diane Roland Dorothy and Milton Roll Debra and Hugh Rosen Jonathan Rosen Sarah and Oscar Rosen Helen and Milton Rosenberg David Rosenberger Glenda and Richard Rosenblatt Sue Rosner Eleanor Ross Judy Ross Matthew Ross

I

Kristi Piper Rossbacher and Michael Rossbacher Penny Rossi llan Rothmuller Daniel Ratto Cheryl Sawatzke Routh and Jerry D. Routh Regina and John Rowe Carolyn Roy Maurice Roy Colette and lvor Royston linda and Robert Ruane Daniel Rudolph Norman Rudolph John Ruffoni Beverly and William Rulon Scott Rumsey Marina and Stephen Russo Kris Rust Rosemary and John Rutherford Raymond Ruthven Peggy Ruzich Alfred Ryan Melinda Ryan Rebecca and Norman Ryan Sonya and Donald Ryan Leslie Allyn Rye Ira Sacks Val and Bob Sah Dora Saikhon Robert Sajdera Ellen and Gary Sakagawa Debbie and Wayne Sakarias Barbara Saltman Michael P. Sampson Julie and Philip Sanderson Joanne and George Sanford Sharin Sarfaty Judi and Jim Sarkisian Robert Sarver Maurice Sasson Gary Saterbak Karleen and Norman Sattler Allan Sauter John Savage Helen Saville Maria and Philip Sayles John Scavulli Stephen Schell Heather and Derek Schene Heather and Mark C. Scherer Kristen and John Schermerhorn Margaret Ann and Jeffrey Schiffman Jo and Wally Schirra Steven Schmid Carol Schmidt linda Gardner and Mark Schmidt Kurt Schmitt Kathy and Jack Schneider Margery and Gerald Schneider Nancy and William Schneider Cynthia and James Schoeneck Susan Irving Scholander Marc M. Schumacher Ma(sha and Howard Schutter Richard A Schwartzlose Walton Scott Christy and Edward W. Scripps Cindy Scripps Elia and Paul K. Scripps Jean W. Scripps Kathy and William H. Scripps Luise and Samuel Scripps Mariana and Robert Scripps Mary and Charles Edward Scripps Connie and Robert Scudder Jocelyn and Mark Seamans

Doris and Leonard Seegers Yaman Sencan Frann Setzer Jeffrey Severinghaus Barbara and Richard Seymour Ralph Shabetai Robert E. Shadwick Lisa R. Shaffer Elizabeth Shapiro Arlene and David Shaposhnick Robyn and David Sharp Joyce and Jerome Shaw Lynne Shaw Mary and Robert Shea Carolyn S. and Richard C. Shell Janette and Doug Shelton Mary Ann and John Shelton Brian Shepherd Diana Shepherd Julie and Dan Sherlock Bette and H. J. Sherman Jeffrey Sherman Marv Sherrill Lawrence Arnold Sherwin Neal Sherwood William Sherwood Maureen Shickler Donald and Darlene Shiley Betty N. and George G. Shor, Jr. Abraham Shrekenhamer Jia Shu V. DeWitt Shuck Caroly Shumway Peter Shusterman Darcy and Paul Siegel Sharon Siegener Kathleen and Eric Siemion Elisabeth and Edward Silva Martha Jordan and Eli Silver Michael Silverman Sidney Silverman lrza and William Simkins Linda Simkins Rachel and Melvin Simon Ronald Simon Deborah and Maurice E. Simpson Kimberly Simpson Ouerrey and Louis A Simpson Ruth Elizabeth and S. Jonathan Singer Roger Sippi Michael Sixtus Judith and Robert Skelton Marie and Carl Skoglund Jack and Patty Skogman Christine and F. Stanley Skowronski Julie and Robert A Skrdla Jeanne B. Sleeper Betty and Normand Slick Norma and Frank Slovak Gwen and John Smajdek Linda Small Audrey Viterbi and Daniel Smargon Edith and Kenneth Smargon Wendi and Mark Smeltzer Beverly and Vernon Smith Brenda Sue and David Smith David W Smith Harry Smith June Ebert Smith and Norman Smith Mary and Robert Smith Michele and Patrick Smith Patricia and David Smith Pete Smith Richard Smith Robin M. Smith and Patrick Perryman Sheila and Larry Smith

Shelley and Gary Smith Stephen Smith Dawn and Ron Smudz Patricia and Donald Smutz Dinky and Richard Snell Jack Snider Clay Snyder Irene and W A Snyder Dorothy Soeberg Gerry Soifer Faustina Solis Deborah and Maurits Solleveld Esther and Steven Solomon Kris and James Soon Beverly Soran Venus Soria Gina Sosinsky Jon Sowers Laura Spence Carmela and Stuart Spencer Fred Spiess Jackie and Lawrence Spitalny Tim Splinter Clark Springgate Christine and Fred Stalder Aaron Steele Collette and Robert Stefanko Eileen and Jack Steigerwald Betty and Melvyn Stein Jeffrey Stein Carol and John Steinitz Kerstin and Thomas Stempel John Stevens Sylvia Stevens Barbara Stevenson Ellen and Dennis Stewart Scott Stewart Bonnie and Michael Stinchcomb John Stinnett Frances and Daniel Stipe Mildred and Jack Stiverson Quentin Stokes Catherine and Edgar Stoll Ashley and Ryan Stone Dawn and David Stone Ronald E. Stoner Jan a and John Stoudemire Gwen Stoughton Victoria Strand Megumi and Richard Strathmann Elena and John Streb Sandy and James Strickland Helga Strong Bonnie and Alan Stueber Eleanor Tum Sud en Dianne and William Stumph Monica and Mark Sturhann Lynn Stuve Paul Styrt Sug ihara Family Eugene Sugita Paula and John Svoboda H. Swantz Sandra and Paul Szalinski Diane Saikhon Szekely Michael Szelazek Roman Szkopiec Robert Szymczak Lauren and Steve Tabor Sam Takahash i Jon Talbott Jennifer and Richard Tan Marta and Paul Tanaka Takashi Taniguchi Ross Tanner

85

Linda Tatro Lisa Tauxe and and Hubert Staudigel Genny and Willard Tayler Susan Taylor Allie and Olaf H. Tegner David Telford Patricia and Dan Tellep Arthur Teranishi Donna and Leon Thai Michael J. Thomas and John Kusters, Jr. Paul Thomas Paula and Randy Thomas Topper and Bill Thomas Alan Thompson Frances and Willard H. Thompson Victoria and E. Craig Thompson Frances and Bill Thompson Joe Thompson John Thompson Laura and Tony Thompson Rosie and John Thompson Gwen Tighe Donald Timms Frank Tirpak Lynn and Douglas Todd Patricia and Bill Todd Sheri and Harold T odus Willetta Tomlinson Jessica T oth Cynthia Town send Amy and Paul Townsley Katherine Trahanvosky Jacqueline Trischman Krystal and Frederick Tronboll Cathryn Troup Kim Bolivar Trouwborst Kazuko and Mizuko Tsuchiya Holli and Mark Tucker Richard Tullis Elizabeth and William Tulloch Nancy and John Turk Marie and Richard Tuthill Margarita and Kevin Tynes Irene Udelf Robert Ullman Harry Umlauf William Underwood Ruth A. Unterberg Annette and Jeff Usall Shinichi Uye Terry Uyeda Judith and Victor Vacquier Mihoko and Victor Vacquier Katherine and Mark Valentine Mary Valentine Elizabeth Van Den burgh R. Van de Wetering Carl Vanderford William Van Dorn Luke Vaughan El izabeth Venrick T$rry Vernon Richard Vetter Stephanie and Russell Vetter Eric and Suzanne Vigilia George Vojtko Cathy and Fred Vrabel Thad V'Soske Cindy Waasdorp Lisa Waggoner Lydia and John Waid Anthony Waldron Edwin Walker Harold Walker

86

Laura Walker Cindi and Bill Walkup Bee and Tom Wallace Ginger and Robert Wallace Jodi and Brian Wallace Allison and John Walsh Celia Walsh Todd Walter Christy and John Walton Nell and Thomas Waltz Jessica Wang-Rodriguez and George J. Rodriguez Donald Ward Gary Ward Bruce and Florence Warnock Diane Warren Rand Wasburn Erica Wasinger and Vipul Joshi Barbara and Henry Watkins Charlene Watson David Watson Kenneth Watson Joyce and William Watts Jennifer S. Wayne and Forrest E. Sloan Mary Wayne Harold Webber Stephanie Webber Wallace Weber Allen Weckerly Reinhold Weege Robert Weeks Sally-Ann Wegner Joy and Stephen Weiss Jane and Michael Welch Patricia Welch Lori and Sean Wells Elmer Werner Penelope and John West Madelin Martin Wexler Pat and Robert Whalen William Whaling James Whisenand Chester G. White, Jr. Gerrie White Jennie-Jo and Wayne White Marley White Martin White Peter White Michael Wicks Jennifer and George Widhopf Joan and Howard Wiener Betty Jean Wightman Pat and Don Wilkie Suzanne and Lawrance Wilkinson Benjamin Williams B. J. and Hal Williams Dana and Rhett Williams Elizabeth and James G. Williams, Ill Hayden Williams Joanne and Curtis Williams Marilyn and Gordon Williams Danielle and Malcolm Williamson Douglas Williamson Jan and Andrew Willis Jacqueline Avis and Ken Wills Carrie and Wayne Wilson Coyla and Curtis Wilson H. Wilson Pat Wilson Scott Wilson Susan and Ronald Wilson Virginia and James Wilson John Windes Winfrey Welch Elizabeth Winant Donna and Edwina Winter Joy and Frank Winter

Julie and Mike Wix David Wolf Nathan Wolfstein Cynthia and Timothy Wollaeger L. Wood John Wooley Clarissa and Warren Wooster Peter and Donna Worcester Jane and Peter Wright Sandra and Kenneth Wright Tom Wright William Wright JenniferWu Gayle and John Wuchenich EllisWyer Rui and Jianjun Xie Charles Yanke Tracy and Mychael Yawn Aristides Yayanos Linda and Linton Yee Alana and Bill Yerrick Andrew York and Paul Koenigsberg Paul Yoshioka Mildred and Robert Young Michelle Youngers Arsham D. Zakarian Kim Zeledon Carole and Michael Ziegler Lany and Alex Zikakis Georgianna and Bruno Zimm Eilene Zimmerman Grace Zimmerman William Zive Jeanne and Brad Zlotnick Jean S. ZoBel! Eric Zorrilla KrisZortman Lou Zulka

E. W. Scripps Associates

Pioneer Members Carol and Martin Dickinson Daphne and James D. Jameson Carol ine and Nicolas Nierenberg

Research Members Kalpana and James Rhodes Ill

Members Jolene and Walter Andersen Stella and James W. Backhaus Megan Bailiff and Warren 0. Curtis Barbara Beltaire John Berol Betty and J. Robert Beyster Cheryl Blum Nancy and Fred Borrelli Anne C. Taubman and David Boyle Sarah Livia Brightwood Sophie and Arthur Brody Mary Anne and Judd Brown Esther Burnham Roberta and Malin Burnham Helga Burreii-Sahl Robert Buzzelli Kim and George Cacioppo Marilyn and John Cameron Nadine and Edward Carson Carey and James Cimino Peter Clark Barbara and Joseph Cleary George S. Cohen Nancy Robertson and Mark Cookingham Helen K. Copley Marian and Kim Crosser

sa l

~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,------------------------------------------

Scripps engineers are pushing seismic monitoring to new limits of duration and

sensitivity. The LC2000L seismometer can record extremely low-wavelength Earth

movements. Housed in its recorder package (bottom), it can measure data for a year

or more.

Scripps has recently established a working site on the California Digital Library's

eScholarship Repository. Digital repositories are a new means of cataloging,

disseminating, and archiving digital documents. Scripps's site on the repository

provides the opportunity to publish technical reports at the institutional, divisional,

program, and individual principal investigator levels. The repository can also be

used for peer-reviewed series and on-line journals, as well as researcher contribu­

tions, which are nolong_e Ji.sted in this se~.tion. __ ·~-~--~---·~~-----. --::

You can visit the eScholarship Repository (http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio) for

more information. Currently, the Scripps working site includes the following series:

Coastal Morphology Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Technical

Reports, SIO Reference Series, SIO Archives, and Center for Marine Biodiversity

and Conservation. Listed on the following pages are descriptions of the different types of Scripps publications.

Bulletin

The Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a peer-revi ewed series for lengthy, in-depth scientific papers written by Scripps scientists. For information about a list of volumes available, please write to the following address:

University of California Press 2120 Berkeley Way Berkeley CA 94 720

The most recent volumes are listed below.

v.29 Park, Taisoo. Taxonomy and distribution of the marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae. 1995. 203p.

v.30 Gruber, Nicolas and Charles D. Keeling. Seasonal carbon cycling in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. 1999. 96p.

v.31 Park, Taisoo. Taxonomy and distribution of the calanoid copepod family Heterorhabdidae. 2000. 280p.

CaiCOFI Publications

The work of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigat ions (CaiCOFI), in which Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Marine Fisheries Service cooperate, is published in a variety of formats. Peer-reviewed scientific articles are published annually in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports. Maps of physical, chemical,

climatological, and biological factors measured by CaiCOFI researchers during the program's 53-year history are published irregularly in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas series. Data reports, contain­ing the processed data from quarterly cruises carried out under CaiCOFI sponsorship, were previously published in the SIO Reference Series and are available on the CaiCOFI Web site: www.calcofi .org. To obtain copies of any of these CaiCOFI publications, write to the following address:

University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography CaiCOFI Program 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0206 La Jolla CA 92093-0206

Naga Report Series

The Naga Report series covers the scientific results of marine investigat ions in the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand from 1959 through 1961. For a list of available reports and costs, please send inquiries to the following address:

University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Naga Reports 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0201 La Jolla CA 92093-0201

Publications for Members of the Scripps Oceanographic Society (SOS)

Members of the Scripps Oceanographic Society (SOS) receive two publications as a membership benefit. A quarterly newsletter, OnBoard, lists upcoming aquarium events and activities, features short articles highlighting exhibits and programs, and interprets the science that sup­ports them. SOS members also receive Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations,

published quarterly including one expanded annual report edition and one video edition . For more information about how to join SOS and receive Explorations magazine, visit: http:/ /sio.ucsd.edu/ explorations.

Sea Grant Publications

The publications listed below can be obtained from the following address:

California Sea Grant College Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0232 La Jolla, CA 92093·0232 www-csgc.ucsd.edu

Reference Series

California Sea Grant Annual Report. Publication No. R-051. 2003.

California Sea Grant Program Directory 2004-2005. Publication No. R-052. 2004s.

Technical Series

Abbott, I. A., ed., and K. McDermid, co-ed. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds: With reference to some pacific species, Vol. B. 1999. Publication No. T-048. ($15)

Johnson, L. T., and J. A. Miller. What you need to know about nontoxic antifouling strategies for boats. 2002. Publication No. T-049.

McArdle, D. A. California marine protected areas: Past and present. 2002. Publication No. T-050.

McArdle, D. A., S. Hastings, and J. Ugoretz. California marine protected area update. 2003. Publication No. T-051.

Williams, E., and E. Grosholtz, eds. International Caulerpa taxifolia conference proceedings. 2002. Publication No. T-047. CD-ROM.

Technical Report Series

The Technical Report Series has replaced the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series. As before, the series includes data reports, preliminary research reports, historical reports, and contractual reports distributed primarily through government contracts. However, the series is now self-published through the Scripps working site of the California Digital Library's eScholarship Repository (http:/ /repositories.cd lib.org/sio).

Curr July 1, 2002-June 30 , 2003

FEDERAL FUNDS

National Science Foundation

Department of the Navy

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Department of Energy

Other Federal

Other Department of Defense

Federal Flowthru

Total Federal

OTHER

State

General Funds

Private

Endowments

University Funds

Other

Total Other

Total Expenditures

90

Financial programming has been modified to more accurately reflect expendi­

tures within all divisions of Scripps. Previous programming captured shipboard

expenditures in both the Sales and Service (Other) areas as well as through the

sponsored projects that ultimately paid for ship time and shipboard technical

support. By eliminating this special treatment of activity in the ships ' clearing

funds, the Sales and Service (Other) fund area more accurately reflects actual

expenditures of income from business operations.

This statement does not purport to present all annual expenditures associated

with operating the institution. Many services provided by campus departments

outside of Scripps are not reflected in the annual expenditures of Scripps.

Examples of campus-provided services include building construction and

maintenance, parking lot and road maintenance, utilities, seawater utilities,

custodial services, landscaping and grounds maintenance, accounting, payroll ,

and personnel services.

Tom Collins DEPUTY DIRECTOR

PREVIOUS PROGRAMMING NEW PROGRAMMING

2002/03 o/a of TOTAL 2002/03 %of TOTAL

$3 7,009,94 7.31 23.93 $37,009,947.31 26.51

$15,152,038.25 9.80 $15,152,038.25 10.85

$17,430,160.75 11.27 $17,430,160.75 12.48

$6,782,089.45 4.39 $6,782,089.45 4.86

$2,457,826.90 1.59 $2,45 7,826.90 1.76

$3,687,629.13 2.38 $3,687,629.13 2.64

$1,152,347.67 0.75 $1,152,347.67 0.83

$2,2 78,481.49 1.47 $2,278,481.49 1.63

$85,950,5 20.95 55.58 $85,950,520.95 61.56

$3,424,697.50 2.21 $3,424,697.50 2.45

$22,820,093.05 14.76 $22,820,093.05 16.34

$5,919,641.13 3.83 $5,919,641.13 4.24

$1,555,580.71 1.01 $1,555,580.71 1.11

$2,946,237.70 1.91 $2,946,237.70 2.11

$32,032,080.48 20.71 $17,014,966.20 12.19

$68,698,330.5 7 44.42 $53,681,216.29 38.44

$154,648,851.52 100.00 $139,631,737.24 100.00

I I , I

I

I I

I

I

/

I

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY 2003 CE N SUS (TOTAL 1 , 814)

/ /

' ' ' ' \

\ \

' ' \

\

\ \

\

0--r------I ______ .J_-o

\

\ \

\

\

\

' \ \

' \

' ' ' '

VOLUNTEERS AND VISITING SCHOLARS 4?6 •

PROFESSORS 9?

RESEARCHERS 93

OTHER ACADEMICS 191

ENGINEERS/TECHNICIANS 104 •

/

• 114 MARINE SUPPORT

151 SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT

/ /

/

/

I

I

106 COMPUTER/ PUBLICATIONS/SPECIALISTS

• 128 SCIENTIFIC ADMINISTRATION

34 CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION

• 99 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT STAFF

• 221 GRADUATE STUDENTS

91

I

-Organizational chart and listings reflect institution structure at time of publication

ASSISTANT DEPUTY DIRECTOR,

ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS

Doug Bennett ---,.--

,----~

I ACTING CHANCELLOR I Marsha Chandler

VICE CHANCELLOR, MARINE SCIENCES

DIRECTOR, SCRIPPS INSTlTUTI~ OF'OCEAN GRAPHY

Char~ F. Kennel

BIRCH AQUARIUM AT SCRIPPS ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS & ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR,

MARINE SCIENCES

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

OF DEVELOPMENT

EDUCATIONAL AFFAJ~

Nigella Hillgarth John Evey

Tom Collins

I SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM I Russ Moll

ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR,

MARINE;. SCIENCES &,

SCRIPP$-GFi.TI:

DEPARTME T CHAIR

Mryl C. Hendershott

VICE CHAJ~AND

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

COORDINA'I1

Lisa Tauxe

I I CURRICULAR GROUP COORDINATOR~

Applied Ocean Science Robert Pinkel

Biological Oceanography Paul Dayton

Climate Science Ralph Keeling

Geosciences Jeff Gee

Geophysics Catherine Constable

Marine Biology

Robert G. Shadwick

RECTOR, GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

Kathleen E. Ritzman

Suzanne Lawrence

DIRECTOR, POLICY PROGRAMS & ~TERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Lisa R. Shaffer

ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR

FOR MARINE SCIENCES

John A. Orcutt

Center for Atmospheric Sciences Veerabhadran Ramanathan

SHIP OPERATIONS

AND MARINE

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Robert A. Knox

Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine

William ri: ~nical :Climate Research ·'Qivisi6n Da.nrel R. Cayan -·

Geosciences Research Division Steven C. Cande

Cecil H. and Ida M, Green Institute of Geophysics & Planetarf Physics Robert L. Parkef

Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry

Andrew Dickson

Integrative Oceanography Division Elizabeth Venrick and Robert Guz!l

Marine Biology Research Division

Ron Burton

92

Physical Oceanography

Dan Rudnick Marine Physical Laboratory

William A. Kuperman

Physical Oceanography Research Division Bruce D. Cornuelle

Center for Marine Biodiversity & Conservation Nancy Knowlton

Center for Marine Genomics

Terry Gaasterland

Center for Observations, Modeling, and Prediction at Scripps Masao Kanamitsu (interim)

Acting Chancellor Marsha Chandler

Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vice Chancellor & Dean, Marine Sciences Charles F. Kennel

Deputy Director, Scientific Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences John A Orcutt

Deputy Director, Educational Affairs, Chair of the Scripps Graduate Department, & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences Myrl C. Hendershott

Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences Tom Collins

Director, Academic Personnel C. Gail Andres

Assistant Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs Doug Bennett

Executive Director, Birch Aquarium at Scripps Nigella Hillgarth

Associate Director, Ship Operations & Marine Technical Support Robert A Knox

State Government Relations Suzanne Lawrence

Director, Government Relations Kathleen E. Ritzman

Director, Policy Programs & International Relations Lisa R. Shaffer

Associate Dean of Marine Sciences Ray F. Weiss

Scientific Affairs Deputy Director John A. Orcutt

Research Divisions, Cen ers, Institutes, Laboratories, and S clal Programs

Center for Atmos hE!tio Sciences Veerabhadran Ramanathan

C~nter for Clouds, Chemistry, & Climate Veerabhadran ~ana than

Center for Marine Biodiversity & Conservation Nancy Knowlton

Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine William H Fenlcal

Center for Marine Genomics {erry Gaasterland

Center for Observations, Modeling, & Prediction at Scripps Masao Kanamitsu (interim)

Climate Research Division Daniel R. Cayan

Geosciences Research Division Steven C. Cande

Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics Robert L. Parker

Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Piiion Flat Observatory Frank K. Wyatt

Integrative Oceanography Division Elizabeth Venrick and Robert Guza

Joint Center for Observational Systems Science Francisco P. J. Valero

Joint Institute for Marine Observations Peter Niiler

Marine Biology Research Division Ron Burton

Marine Physical Laboratory William A. Kuperman

~s c r i p p s

Neurob.iO'Iogy Unit Affinity Group Theo • tt sutlhck

Physiclil Oceanography Research Division Bruce D. CQJD.~lle

Sea Grant-Qqnege Pnogranf Russ Moll . · ·'

Graduate Department Chair Mryl C. Hendershott

Vice Chair Undergraduate Earth SCi~nces Program Coordinator Lisa Tauxe

Curricul r Group Coordinators

Applied Ocean Science Robert Pinkel

Biological Oceanography Paul Dayton

Climate Sciences Christopher D. Char les

Geological Sciences Steven C. Cande

Geophysics Catherine Constable

Marine Biology Robert G. Shadwick

Marine Chemistry & Geochemi8tr}i Andrew G. DicksoM

Physical Oceanography Dan Rudnick

Administrative-Affairs Deputy Director TomColli!it

Assistant Deputy Director

~_ug Bennett

Administration

Budget Analysis, ~terns & Policy Mindy A. Ryan

Business Officers Birch At{'uarium at Scripps

_:J~s Burns, Jr.

Geosciences Research Division Anne Cressey

Integrative Oceanography Division; Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine; and Marine Biology Research Division Jennifer Davis

Marine Facility Joan Durkin

Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics Wayne Farquharson

Center for Clouds, Chemistry, & Climate; Center for Atmospheric Sciences; Climate Research Division; California Space Institute; Physical Oceanography Research Division Dennis Girardot

California Sea Grant Roslyn Johnson

Joint Institute for Marine Observations and Marine Physical Laboratory Pat Jordan

Graduate Office Alice Zheng

Contracts & Grants Nancy A. F. Wilson

Director's O ffice Business Office & Financial Operations Ruth M. Meehl

Organization

Facilities & Safety Ron P. Van Boxtel

Space & Capital Programs Camilla L. Ingram

UCSD Branch Units at Scripps

Archives Deborah C. Day

Communications Cindy L. Clark

Development John Evey

Library Peter L. Brueggeman

Purchasing Robert Beiner

Support Units

Administrative Computing & Networking Mick B. Laver

Carpenter Shop James M. Reeder

Diving Officer Wayne D. Pawelek

Marine Science Development Shop Ken Duff

Multimedia Group-Graphic Arts, Photography, & Video Production Chuck Colgan

Special Events Jill C. Hammons

Web Wayne Suiter

Ship Operations 8c Marine Technical Support Associate Director Robert A. Knox

Scientific Collections

Benthic Invertebrates William A. Newman

Cored Sediments & Dredged Rocks Richard Norris

Marine Vertebrates Philip A. Hastings

Pelagic Invertebrates Mark D. Ohman

Ship Operations and Marine Technical Support

Nimitz Marine Facility Thomas S. Althouse

Shipboard Technical Support Services Scientific Adviser James H. Swift

Manager Woody C. Sutherland

Resident Technician Robert C. Wilson

Shipboard Computer Group Ronald L Moe

Geophysical Technician Lee Ellett

Oceanographic Data Facility James H. Swift

Geological Data Center Stuart M. Smith

93

o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0

o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0

o 0 o o a 0 0 0

Josie Dyas • FEBRUARY 2003

Josie Dyas was a "foster parent" to the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP)

wave buoy in Grays Harbor, Washington. She cared for the buoy, contacted new vessels in the area to warn them of the buoy's position, and arranged for repairs

and maintenance to the buoy and to the

monitoring equipment that was in her home­

al l helping contribute to the success of CDIP. Dyas also was involved in the Coast

Guard Auxiliary, maintaining nightly vigils

at her station.

Edith Namias · FEBRUARY 2003

Ed ith Namias was the widow of Jerome Namias, a central figure in meteorology and cl imatology, who worked at Scripps from 1972 to 1997. His experimental fore­

casts of aggregated nationwide weather

were vital to building an active U.S. extended­

range prediction program. Mrs. Namias died

on the exact date that her husband passed

away in 1997. She was an accomplished arti st, teaching and maintaining her own art studio, and exhibiting in San Diego­

area galleries.

Theodore John Walker • FEBRUARY 2003

Theodore Walker, a leading authority on

the California gray whale, was a Scripps oce an ographer from 1948 to 1969. A

behaviorist who studied fish and their orientation to their environment, Walker

cond ucted extensive studies on whales and kept photographic and written records of the annual migration of gray whales to Baja California. He also studied the sensory orientation of fish.

Harmon Craig · MARCH 2003

!Scripps geochemist Harmon Craig spent 4 7 years at Scripps and became recog­nized around the world for his global investigations of the earth's chemical properties. Craig led scientific expeditions

to such remote spots as Tibet, Polynesia, and the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, searching for elusive gases and rocks. He collected hydrothermal fluids 3,700 meters

(12,000 feet) deep in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench and studied the crater of Loihi , an active underwater volcano off

Hawaii. In 1998, Craig received the Balzan Prize-the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for earth science. He was listed among the top earth scientists in the world in the 2002 book, A to Z of Earth Scientists.

0

Cecil H. Green • APRIL 2003

Cecil H. Green was a longtime scientific

colleague and benefactor to Scripps, as well as a major philanthropist to universities and organizations around the world. Among

numerous gifts from Green and his wife to

the institution were endowments for the

Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute for

Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP)

at Scripps and the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Pinon Flat Geophysical Observatory, as well as funding for construction of the

IGPP Revelle Laboratory and the Scripps Crossing bridge. In 1972 he created the

Green Scholar program, which has funded more than 120 scholars at Scripps

thus far. Green was cofounder of Texas

Instruments, Inc.

Richard Greenbaum • APRIL 2003

Richard Greenbaum was an oceanogra­pher at Scripps, as well as at Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University and various oceanographic consu lting compa­nies. He founded his own company, Applied Oceanographics, before returnin g to Scripps as business officer for the Marine Life Research G roup and Institute of

Marine Resources. He retired in 1981

and made his home in South Lake Tahoe, where he was an avid skier.

Arthur Flechsig • MAY 2003

Marine ecologist Arthur Flechsig began pursuing graduate studies at Scripps in 1953 and became a Scripps employee in 1959. He spent a great deal of time at sea

and on undersea projects, and was an aquanaut in the 1965 project, SeaLab II, off the La Jolla coast, which monitored

human responses to extended periods on the seafloor. He later took part in the Hydrolab undersea habitat project off Grand Bahama Is land. From 1975 to 1984, he served as a marine advisor for the University of California Cooperative Extension.

0 0 0

0 0 0

Elaine Brooks • JULY 2003

Elaine Brooks came to Scripps in 1962

as a biolog ical oceanography student and stayed as a researcher for the following 20

years, working closely with Scripps scien­tist Michael Mullin. She and Mullin devel­

oped techniques for rearing zooplankton

in the laborato ry and studying them to evaluate pelagic secon dary produ cti on.

After leaving Scripps she stayed closely connected to the institution , involving Scripps scientists in her efforts to prevent

wasteful spending on tertiary sewage

treatment by the city of San Diego. She taught biology at several area colleges and

developed a teaching program in urban ecology that received national attention.

Robert Oversmith ·JULY 2003

An avid scuba diver and fisherman, Robert Oversmith founded his own company, Ocean Dynamics, in the 1960s and invented a patented one-man submarine. He later joined Scripps as a consultant on a variety of sea-related engineering projects. While at Scripps, Oversmith devised a towing tank with a wave machine to test the sea­

worthiness of scale models of ships.

Bill Higgins · OCTOBER 2003

Bi ll Higgins was system administrator for the C l imate Computing Facility at the Climate Research Division. He was an avid scuba diver and a certified dive master, and taught several Scripps colleagues to dive. He also was a popular volunteer at

the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, where he would dive in the kelp tank and feed the

fish while speaking to watching visitors.

95