Director's Report
Scientific Affairs Report
Contents
Scripps Science News
Birch Aquarium at Scripps Report
Graduate Education Report
Academic Staff
Awards & Honors
Seagoing Operations Report
Development Report
Campus Census Chart
Organizational Charts
SIO Council/Director's Cabinet
on Jacqueline Mammerickx and Edward Winterer
While defending her doctoral disser
tation at the University of Louvain in
Belgium, Jacqueline Mammerickx was
particularly challenged by one young
visiting American professor on her
dissertation committee, Edward (Jerry)
W interer. It was her first encounter
with the man who woul d one day
become her husband, as w e ll as
her scientific colleague at Scri pps
Institution of Oceanography.
Mammerickx was raised in the Katanga
region of Congo, in central Africa,
where her father built railroads for the
mining industry. She had a happy and
adventurous childhood, and after her
college years in Belgium she returned
to Katanga to complete her dissertation
fieldwork in geomorphology, creating
an extensive geomorphic map of the
region. That essentially meant going on
safari-wearing a pith helmet, dodging
the occasional elephant, and relying on
local workers with machetes to get
through the dense jungle in order to
mark out the map's lines. Her specific
area of interest was pediments, gently
sloping plateaus formed by erosion
from receding mountains.
At her 1960 dissertation defense,
Winterer suggested that Mammerickx
could learn even more about pedi
ments by visiting the Mojave Desert in the American Southwest. Winterer
knew the Mojave well, having spent a
great deal of time there for his own
geological research. Geology was in
his blood: Winterer's father was a geologist who worked for oil compa
nies in central California's San Joaquin
Valley. As a boy, Winterer would tag
along, carrying his father's lunch and bags of collected rocks and gleaning
knowledge of the science and trade
of geology. After some initial under
graduate work was interrupted for four
years ' service in the U.S. Army during
World War II, Winterer resumed stud
ies at the University of California, Los
Angeles, completing his doctorate in
geology in 1954 and then joining
UCLA's faculty.
It was a Fulbright lectureship that
took Winterer to Belgium and his
destined meeting with Mammerickx.
After he returned to the United States,
Mammerickx came to UCLA on a
Belgian-sponsored fellowship, pro
viding a chance for their relationship
to blossom.
Their path took an unexpected turn
with a visit in 1963 from a group
of Scripps scientists, among them
Professor of Oceanography Emeritus
Doug Inman. The group's mission was
to expand the faculty at Scripps
and they'd heard good things about
Winterer. Though he initially hesitated,
wondering how his studies of the
geological history of deserts and
ancient marine sediments could con
tribute to oceanography, he soon
realized that Scripps could provide a
chance for him to study modern sed
iment formation . He accepted the job,
he and Mammerickx married, and the
two relocated to San Diego.
They have been at Scripps ever since.
"I hit it lucky," Winterer said. "I arrived at a wonderful time for Scripps."
It was a time when plate tectonics
theory was just becoming widely accepted , the Deep Sea Drilling
Project began providing exciting new
insights into the ocean floor, and geology had become an important
pursuit at Scripps, fueled in part by
the Cold War interest in undersea
topography for strategic purposes.
This growing interest led to a career
at Scripps for Mammerickx, who
began working with distinguished
Scripps marine geologist Bill Menard
to map and unravel the tectonics of
the Pacific seafloor, a pursuit she
continued until her retirement in
1995. She now devotes her time to
the community, having served on the
Del Mar City Council and as president
of the Friends of the San Dieguito
River Valley, an organization that hopes
to gain the Del Mar wetlands area
protected status as a regional park.
Winterer remains a familiar presence
on the Scripps campus as a full-time
researcher; he retired from teaching
duties a few years ago. He still goes to
sea from time to time and continues his
research on seafloor sediments and
the geologic history of the oceans.
The couple 's two daughters became
academics like their parents: Caroline
is an associate professor of history at
San Jose State University, and Juliette
is an assistant professor of biology
at Franklin & Marshall College in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They each
have two children of their own.
Mammerickx and Winterer rarely went
to sea at the same time or worked
directly on the same projects, but the
couple's respect for each other's work
is apparent-as is their affection for
one another. They've spent 40 years
at Scripps, traveled around the world, contributed their expertise to an
important era in oceanography, and
remain dedicated to science.
.r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. -----------------------------------------The MegaBACE DNA sequencer can accommodate 48 genetic sample capillaries at
a time, making it a powerful resource in DNA sequencing.
~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ -----------------------------------------
The year 2003 was monumentally eventful
for Scripps Institution of Oceanography
as we celebrated our centennial and
continued our outstanding scientific
endeavors, while designing a recovery
plan from the state budget cuts that have
severely affected the entire institution.
We shared Scripps science with the public to an unprecedented degree last year, partnering with the 2003 San Diego County Fair to complement its chosen theme , Commotion by the Ocean. The Birch Aquarium at Scripps helped present the fair's education outreach program to more than 50,000 schoolchildren in the San Diego region, and we created the Scripps Ocean Explorations exhibit hall at the fair, a 20 ,000-square-foot interactive walk through the ocean world. There was a record attendance of nearly 1.2 million visitors at the three-week fair.
We continued that momentum by bringing the interactive Sounds of the Sea exhibit, created by the National Science Foundation, from our display at the fair to the Birch Aquarium for an extended period.
Our September centennial celebration was marked by several special events. More than 5,000 people gathered in San Diego for the Oceans 2003 conference, cohosted by Scripps and the largest conference of its kind ever convened. We awarded the 2003 Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest to accomplished marine ecologist Jane Lubchenco. We received warm birthday wishes from around the world, including letters from President George W. Bush, Her Majesty the Queen of England , several federal agency heads, members of Congress, the governors of California and New York, and even actor Paul
Newman. Our Centennial Birthday Bash featured an evening of sustainable seafood prepared by 11 of southern California's top chefs. For our Centennial Homecoming on September 26, we welcomed more than 2,000 alumni, students, scientists, staff, and friends to campus for an enormous party that ended with a dazzling fireworks display off the Scripps Pier.
Now it's on to the next hundred years.
Scientific leaders of the coming century are currently being trained as graduate students at Scripps. I'm pleased to report that we are continuing to make strides in comprehensively educating these young scientists, and we are actively seeking additional private funds to provide fellowship support for them. We welcomed 40 new students in fall 2003, bringing us to the highest enrollment ever, with 221 students. The student body is 26 percent international, representing 22 different countries. And this year, for the first time in Scripps history, our student body is almost exactly 50 percent women, 50 percent men. Scripps has also made tremendous progress over the past year in the number and range of undergraduate courses taught by our scientists.
As our student body grows, our campus also continues to develop. Last year we completed the Steven Sitter Pawka Memorial Green, a nearly one-acre, parklike area that will serve as a gathering place for the Scripps community. It was an ideal location for our centennial celebrations in September and the Scripps/UCSD Open House in October.
In 2003, I was reappointed as chair of the NASA Advisory Council, an external body that offers guidance to the space agency, and I was delighted to be elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, a scholarly organization founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743.
Over the past couple of years, I also had the pleasure of serving on the Pew Oceans Commission, an independent group of scientists, fishermen, censer-
vationists, business leaders, and elected officials that released its findings and recommendations in June 2003. The comprehensive report, America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change, was the result of a three-year, nationwide study of the oceans, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. It calls for immediate reform of U.S. ocean laws and policies to restore ocean wildlife; protect ocean ecosystems; and preserve the ecological, economic, and social benefits that the oceans provide.
Scripps scientists are well positioned to contribute to solving these central problems facing our planet. As we forge ahead, it is essential to sustain a productive balance between scientific discovery and scientific application so that we always bring new ideas to our work on society's concerns. Scripps Institution has from its beginnings been mindful of its responsibilities to society and has recognized the difference that good science can make to people's lives.
Today, we are beginning to resolve our budget woes and are looking forward to a bright future . Indeed, I remain confident that the best is yet to come as Scripps sets out on its second century of discovery.
Charles F. Kennel S C R IPP S D IRECTOR
45
----------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------
A Scripps laser strainmeter near the San Andreas Fault makes precise measure-
ments of ground movement, detailing how pressure slowly accumulates as
tectonic plates smash into each other .
.r------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------~-----------------------------------------
' I ' /
+ c1entific Ai)fa1rs +
I
I Throughout 2003, Scripps Institution of Oceanography scientists
engaged in a multitude of research activities both locally and around
the world that reflect the exciting range of work taking place at Scripps.
These activities include earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences, all
contributing to a greater understanding of the planet we call home.
In the fall, right in our own backyard, Scripps scientists led the
Nearshore Canyon Experiment (NCEX), a multi-institutional
project designed to determine the topographical effects of submarine canyons on coastal processes.
An array of instruments measuring waves, currents, and sand levels was deployed offshore in the
Scripps and La Jolla submarine canyons and on the beach from La Jolla Shores to Torrey Pines
State Beach . San Diego beaches are especially vulnerable to sand movement and
displacement, and an understanding of how these processes work will help improve public safety
and beach preservation in San Diego and elsewhere.
Another large, multi-institutional project that Scripps scientists participated in was the Hawaii
Ocean-Mixing Experiment (HOME). HOME scientists have been studying ocean water mixing, a
process that diffuses heat, nutrients, and energy throughout the oceans. The final field surveys for
the experiment took place in 2003. Numerous important scientific findings have resulted from
Scripps scientists' ability to measure large-scale ocean energy and turbulence from scales of
thousands of meters down to centimeters. A paper published in the journal Science in the summer
of 2003 was the first to report HOME findings.
Initially established to investigate the sardine fishery's collapse in the 1940s, the California
Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CaiCOFI) has collected biological, physical , and
chemical data about the California Current for more than 50 years. Using these invaluable data,
Scripps biological oceanographer John McGowan and colleagues reported that the warming of
upper ocean layers in the California Current along western North America has disrupted a process
in which nutrient-rich lower layers mix with the upper layers, leading to a decrease in the amount of
plant nutrients supplied to the upper ocean. In a 2003 paper published in Deep Sea Research Part II,
+
47
0
the scientists showed that this mechanism accounts for the region's 25-year
decline in plankton, fish, seabird, and kelp-bed populations. The authors note
that similar trends could appear elsewhere, particularly if ocean temperatures
continue to rise. The decline in fish populations, often attributed solely to over
fishing, is modulated substantially by this climate variability.
While Scripps collaborated with other institutions on large-scale projects
such as HOME, NCEX, CaiCOFI, and others, individual Scripps scientists
made numerous advances in ocean and climate research in the field and in
laboratories and centers at Scripps.
For instance, evidence of an increasingly warmer and wetter climate in the
central tropical Pacific was provided by Scripps researchers Kim Cobb and
Chris Charles. Coral fossils from Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean depict not
only climate variability in the late twentieth century but also the first direct proof
of El Nino activity in the seventeenth century. Cobb and Charles have shown
that their results indicate a clear warming trend most probably attributed to the
rise in greenhouse gases. The Palmyra corals could offer researchers the
opportunity to test models predicting future climate change.
The oceans have never been extensively tapped for microorganisms that
produce antibiotic molecules. Researchers at the Center for Marine
Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CMBB) at Scripps were among the first to
discover new strains of bacteria in deep-ocean sediments that have the poten
tial to treat cancer and infectious diseases. Led by CMBB Director William
Fenical, Scripps researchers recently discovered the new bacteria actino
mycete from which the group has identified the structure of a new natural
product-known as Salinosporamide A-that has the potential to inhibit cancer
growth, including human colon carcinoma and breast cancer. With the
increased resistance of bacteria to existing antibiotics, the discovery of new
antibiotics is vital, thus underscoring the significance of the studies occurring
at CMBB today.
To reduce the number of manatees that collide with speeding watercraft off
the Florida coast, Scripps oceanographer Jules Jaffe teamed up with an
audiologist at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute to develop a manatee
detection system. Using scanning sonar and echolocation, the system flashes
a signal to boaters to warn them of the presence of nearby manatees. This
effort is a fine example of how scientists can work with government and policy
makers for the benefit of society and the environment.
The devastation caused by the 2003 southern California wildfires under
scores the significance of the research being conducted in the California
Applications Program at Scripps. Researchers have consolidated 21 years of
48
•
fire reports from the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land
Management, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian
Affairs to create a comprehensive data set connecting changes
in f ire seasons to climate anomal ies . The demonstrated
relationship between wildfire severity and precipitation
changes may help forecast the severity of wildfires a season
or more in advance.
At the California Spatial Reference Center (CSRC) at Scripps,
researchers are developing state-of-the-art technology that
has numerous applications beyond the scientif ic community.
In 2003, California's Orange County implemented a ground
breaking GPS network designed at CSRC that provides
surveyors with real-time positioning data while working in the
field. This landmark project provides Orange County residents
with an invaluable service and also serves as a bas is for a
variety of uses in public safety and weather forecasting.
In 2003, Scripps took time to reflect on its first 100 years of
oceanography. The scientific achievements that occurred
during that time are remarkable and provide Scripps with a
scientific springboard to launch the institution into its second
century of global discovery.
I John A. Orcutt DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH
49
p s S C I
calspa c e . ucsd . ed u
The California Space Institute (CaiSpace),
a multicampus research unit of the University
of CallfQrnta,· supports education and tech
nology in the space and earth sciences.
CaiSpa~e scientists conduct pure and applied
researct:l in various interdisciplinary space
related fields. Many Ca+Space researchers
emphasize the atmosphere and atmosphere
ocean interactions. Some scientists study
space plasma physics and planetary science,
while others investigate Earth's environment
using remote sensing from satellites.
The atmospheric heat transfer that
takes place durin g convection is a
fundamental mechanism of weather.
Guang Zhang is trying to improve the
representation of convection in global
climate models, a key problem in
understanding and forecasting climate.
Zhang and colleagues have success
fully simulated convective behavior on
timescales of 30 to 60 days. Next, they
are planning to propose that the National
Center for Atmospheric Research , the
nation's main climate agency, incor
porate their new approach to convec
tion simulation into climate models.
Zhang is us ing similar methods to
better simulate convection on a daily
timeframe, because storms cause the
radiative effect to vary on daily and even
hourly timescales. His team recently
published a research paper on con
vection modeling on the diurnal timescale.
CAL S PAC E 50
+ N C E N E W S
Wolf Berger has studied climate history on a number of different time
scales, from centuries to millions of
years. His last big expedition was to the
southern Atlantic Ocean off Namibia
to study the history of upwelling there
and to better understand the origin
of the driest place on Earth, the
Namibian desert, and the evolution of
the unusual flora and fauna.
Lately he has focused on the response
of Australia's Great Barrier Reef to ice
age fluctuations. Coral favors relatively
warm water to grow but, surprisingly,
the massive coral reefs off eastern
Australia have grown most quickly
during the ice ages of the last half
mill ion years. Studying this paradox,
Berger has concluded that the answer
could lie in the huge masses of rubble
atop which the reefs sit.
Ice ages apparently spur the growth
of fast-growing opportunistic coral, such as Acropora. Through the sea
level changes ice ages cause, and
perhaps also from violent storms, ice
age conditions create large masses of
dead, broken coral that serve as a
foundation for increased reef growth. In
addition, lowered sea level and clogged
passages filled with reef rubble would
make it more difficult for warm water
to exit to the Indian Ocean and would
therefore cause an expansion of the
Pacific west-equatorial warm-water
pool, the natural home of coral reefs.
On a much shorter time scale, Berger
is investigating whether marine sediment
layers called "varves," which have
been long used by science to recon
struct both climatic conditions on the
adjacent land as well as upwelling
history, are as reliable as once thought.
In an upcoming paper, Berger sug
gests that the role of tidal cycles
needs to be adequately considered
as an influence on the local condi
tions of sedimentation.
The Prather lab's aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
Researchers at the Center for
Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) focus on
fundamental investigations of the atmos
phere related to large-scale climate change.
To interpret and predict these changes,
CAS scientists design and conduct field
experiments, map out new satellite
missions, and use regional and global
atmospheric models. Their analyses
include integration of the models with
space and in situ observations.
Lynn Russell and her research group
pioneered the use of soft X-ray tech
nology to view individual aerosol par
ticles from the atmosphere in collabo
ration with colleagues at Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory.
Russell's group is using new tech
niques for exploring the organic com
position of atmospheric aerosols. Little
is currently known about these organic
particles, but they play a significant
role in climate change and air quality.
Aerosols from combustion emissions
like car exhaust or factory smoke and
windblown dust reduce the energy that
reaches Earth's surface. In observing
the structure and composition of indi
vidual particles, Russell has found that
organic carbon is concentrated on the
edges of the particles. Its location
provides important clues about particle
behavior, such as how they absorb
water and scatter light.
www - c i rrus . ucsd . edu
Cen e 0 Atmo er c
Evaporated water and salt are two well-known things that are
transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere, but there are
many more aerosolized particles from the ocean about which
little is known. Kim Prather is analyzing particles individually
to track everything from dust to pollutants passed between
the ocean and the atmosphere.
Prather and colleagues will study such detailed ocean
atmosphere dynamics using a special mass spectrometer
that their group invented and made transportable in 1996.
The device can easily be transported and operated continu
ously on land or on ships and works by taking in particles one
by one, sizing them, and analyzing their chemical makeup.
This new field of research could help explain how pollutant
particles like dust, smoke, and car exhaust travel through the
atmosphere and how aerosols like dust are transformed as
they travel over long distances in the atmosphere.
1ence
Lynn Russell
Two research ventures involving Greg Roberts have the potential to open a new
field of cloud study.
In January, Roberts published the first research paper to use field data taken by
a device he invented called a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter. CCN
are the aerosol particles that "seed" clouds by providing the platform on which
water droplets can grow.
The CCN counter, on aircraft or at ground stations, can count and meas
ure the size of water droplets in clouds, allowing researchers to estimate
and simulate cloud behavior more accurately in computer models.
Additionally, the CCN counter is one of
several instruments being developed by
Roberts, Scripps colleagues, and struc
tural engineers at UCSD to gather long
term data while mounted on unmanned
aircraft. The instruments will take syn
chronous measurements on flight tracks
running from California to Hawaii and
other routes of interest to atmospheric
researchers . Roberts said his team is
hoping to have the aircraft ready for use
by 2007.
The CCN counter counts and measures water droplets in clouds.
51 CAS
cmbb . ucsd . edu
Center f'or Marine Bi techn lo d Biome icine 0
The Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine
(CMBB), headquartered at Scripps, is a UCSD campuswide
center dedicated to the exploration of potential biotechnological
and biomedical resources from the world's oceans. CMBB researchers conduct a broad range of investigations, from the
special properties of deep-sea marine microbes to the genetic engineering of commercially important marine animals.
Two of Jeffrey Graham's students took part in ongoing studies of the physiology and behavior of fishes.
Chugey Sepulveda and researchers from the National Marine Fisheries Service tracked the daily movements of
juvenile mako sharks throughout southern California waters using a new tagging technique. He and other researchers fed the sharks small acoustic transmitters
concealed inside mackerel and followed the shark's paths for up to two days.
In contrast to typical catch-and-release tagging methods, the novel procedure appeared to cause less trauma to the
sharks. Sepulveda said it was the first time researchers
had successfully induced
makos to swallow the transmitters, enabling
them to make unprecedented recordings of shark feeding events.
The researchers found that the young sharks
spend most of their time at or near the surface at
Mako shark eats a night and make repeated transmitter. dives during the day. They also discovered
that the largest sharks dive the deepest. The conclusions could help guide fisheries man
agers in development of plans to reduce destructive small mako shark by-catch. This year, Sepulveda plans to attempt thresher shark monitoring using the same method.
C M B B 52
e ·~e
Heather Lee, also a student of Graham's,"~ copcluding a three-year study of the burrowing habits of air-breathing, amphibious mudskippers.
Mudskippers occupy burrows up to one meter (three feet)
deep in the mud of intertidal mangrove forests and mudflats. Their burrows are an important refuge from predators,
but the mudskippers face a problem-the partial pressure of oxygen, or P02 , of the water in the burrow becomes low
as the mudskippers respire and use up the oxygen. To
overcome this problem, mudskippers use their mouths to carry air from the surface to the burrow interior, where they create a large air bubble.
Lee used a specially designed laboratory burrow to view the below-ground aspects of the mudskipper air-deposition
behavior and to assess the effects of low burrow water P02 on mudskipper respiration. She found that when P02 is low, mudskippers stop water breathing and begin
air breathing from the burrow air bubble, which suggests that the bubble is important for respiration.
Lee also found that mudskippers actively remove gas from the
burrow if the gas has no usable oxygen. She inserted bubbles of pure nitrogen gas into the burrow and observed that mudskippers removed the nitrogen by repeatedly carrying mouthfuls to the surface and releasing them.
.. ~. ·~
In the Climate Research Division
(CRD), scientists study phenomena
spanning time scales from weeks to
decades. They identify and predict the
natural variability of climate and the
consequences of anthropogenic
increases in the greenhouse effect.
CRD researchers use the principles of
meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, and other disciplines to understand
the complex interactions among the
atmosphere, the seas, the land, and
living things.
Doug Neilson is part of a team at a
new frontier of climate research that
considers how physical conditions
could influence classic biological
trends such as those seen over the
past century.
The team is developing three-dimen
sional biophysical coupled models that
could help researchers better inter
pret data collected for the ongoing
California Cooperative Oceanic
Fisheries Investigations (CaiCOFI), a
program begun to explain the mysteri
ous drop-off in sardine populations off the West Coast starting in the 1940s.
The models try to interpret and predict
biological trends influenced by ocean
physics.
Scientists in the 54-year-old monitoring
program collect biological and physical
variables at discrete stations off the
West Coast. Neilson and his team are
Doug Neilson
• meteora . ucsd . edu
hoping their models will help CaiCOFI
researchers better understand the
relationship between their observations
and the evolving ocean state.
Neilson is also involved in developing
models to predict patterns in sardine
and anchovy stocks off California and
to analyze the role of climate in the
apparent die-off of Steller sea lions in
the Gulf of Alaska. Steller populations
began to drop precipitously in the mid-
1970s, the same time that anchovy
and sardines began to rebound after
four decades of decline.
The Southern Ca l ifornia Coastal
Observing System (SCCOOS) is a
project that involves a number of
Scripps divisions. Bruce Cornuelle is
working with Emanuele Di Lorenzo to
create a model of coastal dynamics for
the system that includes as many of the
physical processes in play as possible.
e earcn 1 1 n
•
SCCOOS is meant to track the work
ings of the coastal ocean and provide,
for example, coastal communities with the ability to forecast the spread of
sewage spills and make informed
responses. Cornuelle is attempting to
create small-scale models to spotlight specific areas of interest within the
SCCOOS study. He and colleagues plan to incorporate into these models
Wind-driven dust off southern California coast.
complementary data such as streamflow and motions caused
by winds, tides, and eddies. The model's simulations will
then be matched to SCCOOS observations to continually improve the models and the accuracy and usefulness of
the products.
With the model, SCCOOS could potentially benefit a
number of agencies because coastal waters influence the
flow of sewage, marine organism larvae, and even pollu
tants or people in the aftermath of vessel mishaps.
53 C R D
grd . ucsd . edu
Ge scien es Reseach D1v1sion
Scientists with the Geosciences
Research Division (GRD) address a
wide range of topics in the earth,
ocean, and atmospheric sciences.
GRD researchers study the physical,
chemical, and geobiological processes
of Earth's mantle, crust, ocean, and
atmosphere. They carry out detailed
investigations in marine geology,
petrology, paleomagnetism, tectonics,
geophysics, isotope geology, geo
chemistry, mantle and crustal evolu
tion, and paleontology.
David Hilton's three-year study of
subduction zone activity in the western
Pacific 's Mariana Islands and Japan
received a fortuitous kickoff in May
when one of the Mariana's volcanic
islands, Anatahan, erupted for the first
time in recorded history.
Hilton and colleague
Tobias Fischer from
the University of New
Mexico arrived at the
island within two weeks
of the eruption and
measured how much
sulfur dioxide the volcano
Kathy Barbeau had emitted in its ash plume. The
readings will help Hilton estimate
the output of volatiles along the entire lzu-Bonin-Marianas (IBM)
volcanic arc system that includes
Anatahan.
The work is part of Hilton's study of
subduction zone dynamics in the IBM
chain of volcanoes, which was created
by the Pacific tectonic plate moving beneath the Philippine plate. His sci
ence party will analyze those dynamics
by sampling by-products like gases
and rocks ejected by the volcanoes.
G R D 54
Kathy Barbeau hopes to understand
how phytoplankton communities in the
Southern Ocean interact with iron, a
nutrient trace metal.
Barbeau and colleagues , led by
Scripps biological oceanographer
Greg Mitchell, are visiting a site in the
southern Drake Passage between
Antarctica and the southern tip of
South America. There, a transition from
low to high phytoplankton quantities
takes place, possibly due to iron add i
tions. Potential sources of iron range
from wind-blown dust to land runoff
to upwelling from the deep ocean .
The researchers want to determine
which source is most important and
also to understand how plankton
respond to changes in iron supply.
Barbeau said researchers favor the
Southern Ocean as a study site
because iron addition can predictably
enhance phytoplankton growth and,
potentially, carbon dioxide sequestra
tion. Artificial"seeding " of the oceans
with iron to enhance that sequestration
has been offered as one way to
diminish concentrations of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Until about two decades ago, little was
understood about methane hydrate
distribution in the ocean . Scientists
now know that the substance has a
profound influence on how the planet
Methane hydrate mass and occupying worms.
Anatahan erupts for the first time in recorded history.
stores methane, a greenhouse gas,
and in how undersea masses of
methane hudrate remain intact.
Methane hydrate is a compound that
consists of methane and water. It exists
in ocean sediment and on the sea
floor under great pressures and in cold
temperatures in a solid form resembling
ice. Recent discoveries of warm ing
trends in the oceans have led to
inquiries about what happens when
the hydrates melt and release the
methane into the oceanic environment
or even into the atmosphere. Miriam
Kastner was one of the first researchers
to study methane hydrates and is now
engaged in projects offshore of Oregon
and in the Gulf of Mexico to under
stand more about the characteristics
of the hydrates.
Scenarios associated with warming
oceans could include landslides
involving sections of continental slopes
for which the hydrates act as a kind of
cement that maintains stability. Sudden
influxes of large amounts of methane
into the world 's oceans could deplete
oxygen from the waters, causing pro
found ecological changes. If methane
gases pass into the atmosphere, they could exacerbate the concentration of
greenhouse gases, to which global
warming trends are partially attributed.
The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Scripps is a branch of the University of California IGPP and hosts the systemwide office. Researchers at IGPP operate a global network of seismic stations (IDA): several modern seismic arrays; a permanent space geodesy network in California; an acoustic thermometry network in the North Pacific; and a variety of microwave and satellite data links to remote instruments at sea and on land. The institute also maintains an active seagoing program, including seafloor and deep-Earth research using a fleet of ocean-bottom seismometers, measurement of gravity on the seafloor, a nonlinear processes laboratory, acoustic thermometry, and seafloor electromagnetics.
Glenn Sasagawa recently made the first absolute gravity measurements in a series that could well outlast his lifetime.
Sasagawa is using the largest earthquake of recent times, the 9.2-magnitude temblor that struck Alaska in 1964, to examine Earth's ongoing response to such a large event. By observing continuing minuscule fluctuations in absolute gravity in Alaska's Kenai Peninsula, he can infer over several years whether Earth moves in a viscoelastic fashion akin to that of thick honey, in a more localized and stiff seismic slip, or a combination of the two.
Using an absolute gravitometer equipped with an ultraprecise laser and an atomic clock, he and researcher Jeff Freymuller of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks measured the value of gravity at several locations within the quake rupture zone on the peninsula. Because of the slow rate of the motion, it could take several years for researchers to see trends that reveal the nature of Earth's motion in the region. Researchers in the more distant future may also build upon this data set.
Graduate student Scott Nooner and his advisor Mark Zumberge are taking part in the world's first large-scale effort to sequester carbon dioxide for purely environmental reasons.
igpp . ucsd . edu
Anthony Koppers
For the past 30 years , geophysicists and geologists have generally accepted that volcano chains like the Hawaiian islands form when the tectonic plates they ride on pass over plumes rising from deep in Earth 's mantle. At these "hotspots" magma can break through the oceanic lithosphere and form volcanoes.
Researchers had long assumed that there is a linear progression of volcanic seamounts
from older to younger as they move away from the hotspot and become inactive. These researchers also believed that the positions of the plumes are fixed in the mantle over long periods of geological time. In recent years, though, researcher Anthony Koppers has shown that the evidence used to support these beliefs might be wrong or incomplete.
As part of a climate change policy, the government of Norway taxes industries whose operations release high levels of C0 2 into the atmosphere. The natural gas pumped in the North Sea drilling operation of oil company
An absolute gravitometer.
Koppers is using improved argon dating techniques to reassess the ages of seamount rocks taken from a variety of locations around the
Statoil contains an excess concentration of C02 of seven to nine percent. To reduce its taxes and decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, Statoil has been injecting the excess C02 into a saline aquifer 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) below the seafloor since 1996.
The primary means of monitoring the effectiveness of the sequestration effort is by using time-lapse seismic reflection studies, which produce images of the C02 bubble within the aquifer.
Scott Nooner
In 2002, Scripps researchers began augmenting the seismic imaging with time-lapse microgravity measurements made at a series of locations on the seafloor above the injection point. The injected C02 displaces the denser water, causing an overall change in the mass in the aquifer. Time-lapse gravity measurements are sensitive to mass changes within the aquifer, and can be used to estimate the mass of C02 within the reservoir as well as provide much needed constraints on the density of the injected carbon dioxide. Nooner and Zumberge expect to make another measurement in 2005.
Pacific Ocean. He has found that the seamounts within chains do not
always follow neat age progressions and that previous dating attempts of some samples have been off by as much as 10 million years. Additionally, he has discovered that volcanic seamounts located on the Pacific plate do not indicate the same angular velocity as the tectonic plate, calling into question the widely accepted "fixed" hotspot hypothesis. Koppers said that the movement of migrating hotspots and plates could explain the discrepancy.
55 I G P P
0
0 0
0
iod . ucsd . edu
e Oc anography Di SlOn
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
To formalize existing collaborations
between coastal physicists and biologists and
to strengthen interdisciplinary capabilities in
nearshore and offshore systems, the Center for
Coastal Studies and the Marine Life Research
Group merged to form the Integrative
Oceanography Division (IOD). In addition
to collaborative research benefits, IOD is
intended to be a base from which to develop
a more interdisciplinary graduate student
curriculum.
Toxic algae were responsible for a
mass die-off of cormorants in waters
near Monterey, California, and also
two human deaths in Canada just
over a decade ago. Lilian Busse and
Elizabeth Venrick have recently begun
monitoring blooms of two species of
these microscopic creatures.
The pair, along with researchers at
University of California campuses in
Santa Cruz and Santa Barbara, will
use present-day water and mussel
samples taken weekly along an BOO
kilometer-long (500-mile-long) stretch
of the California coastline over the
next two years. In addition, they will
analyze preserved seawater samples
dating back to the 1920s to create a
historical database of algae blooms.
I 0 D 56
The researchers will use a molecular technique for definitive identification of the
diatom species Pseudonitzschia, which produces domoic acid, and the dinofla
gellate Alexandrium, which makes the chemical saxitoxin. Both toxins can affect
fish and filter-feeding mollusks such as mussels, which can , in turn, poison
marine mammals.
Busse said the study will illustrate the amount of coherence among toxic blooms
along the California coast, helping determine whether they are local occur
rences or one large-scale event. The survey could also establish connections
between the blooms and environmental conditions in coastal waters as well as
dolphin and whale beachings. It could also indicate whether such dangerous
blooms have been increasing in recent years.
Kraig Winters and postdoctoral student Jennifer MacKinnon are in the final year
of a four-year study of oceanic internal-wave dynamics and ocean mixing in the
vicinity of prominent seafloor features or strong weather at the surface.
Using the parallel supercomputer at the Center for Observations, Modeling, and
Prediction at Scripps, they are employing numerical models to simulate the fate
and dynamics of energetic internal waves as they propagate into the ocean's
interior. The researchers have already discovered new types of internal wave
instabilities and have found that some well-known interactions between waves
occur faster than previously thought.
A better understanding of near-source internal-wave dynamics will lead to
improved representations of oceanic mixing in large-scale climate forecasting
models and global heat budget analyses.
Postdoctoral researcher Ed Parnell and others are looking at the landscape
ecology of southern California kelp beds in a study that could aid in the creation
of new marine protected areas.
Parnell is currently studying kelp beds in northern San Diego County and in
Point Loma, after recently completing a two-year study of the La Jolla kelp beds.
The La Jolla study was the first to record
local ecology on several spatial scales
ranging from a few feet to entire kelp beds
to several kelp beds within the region.
The study recommends that there should
be no changes to the present boundaries
and regulations of the La Jolla Ecological
Reserve near La Jolla Cove and that the
establishment of another reserve in the
kelp beds would provide more effective
protection. The research will be used by state officials implementing the California
Marine Life Protection Act.
Pseudonitzschia australis, producer of toxic domoic acid.
mbrd . ucsd . edu
• r1ne lOlOg esearcn 1 lSlOD
"We have lots of ideas about why bacteria oxidize manganese, but nothing has proven to be the one reason ," Tebo said . "We
believe there's a selective advantage, but we really don't understand what that advantage is."
Scientists in the Marine Biology Research Division (MBRD) investigate the fundamental processes affecting
In separate work partially funded by a Superfund Basic Research Program grant to UCSD and the University of
life and energy flow in marine
ecosystems. They examine biodi
California Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program, he is tracking the anaerobic processes by which bacteria can detoxify hexavalent
versity at multiple levels, from geographical and ecological to physiological and molecular. MBRD investigators explore a variety of habitats, including coral reefs, the deep sea, Antarctica, and coastal California.
European countries have protected adult grouper populations in the Mediterranean Sea for years through the use of marine reserves and regulation of fisheries, but questions remain about how grouper disperse before they become adults.
A grouper in the Mediterranean.
Enric Sala is beginning analysis of grouper larvae sampled over the past two years to determine connectivity, the genetic similarity among gene pools within a species. He and colleagues want to determine the dispersal patterns of larvae in the Mediterranean using genetic fingerprinting and examination of larval earstones, in which the presence of metals can indicate where the larvae were spawned. There are only four known locations in the Mediterranean where adults gather to spawn in midsummer-and all are in reserves.
Determining whether national fishery management strategies are adequate and whether the grouper are better served by coordinated multinational management plans are among the goals of Sala's study.
For more than a decade, scientists have been pursuing ways to exploit bacteria's ability to sequester toxic metals in order to make it a tool for bioremediation. In two studies, Brad Tebo hopes to understand how and why some bacteria are able to transform metals like manganese, chromium, and uranium.
Bacteria oxidize manganese, and the resulting manganese oxide can bind and sequester metals like lead. Now in the midst of a five-year National Science Foundation study, Tebo has found that certain marine bacterial spores contain an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of manganese. He is part of a multi-institutional research team attempting to isolate and characterize that enzyme. Another challenge is to understand what bacteria gain from transforming metals.
chromium, a potentially carcinogenic metal used in chrome plating and wood preservatives, and hexavalent uranium , a byproduct of nuclear weapons manufacturing.
Terry Gaasterland, director of the new Center for Marine Genomics at Scripps, is collaborating with marine biologist Horst Felbeck on the center's pilot project.
The pair is studing the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia that lives on hydrogen sulfide produced by hydrothermal vents. Symbiotic bacteria living in the worm 's gut synthesize the compound into a form the worm can use. Using genetic sequencing, the researchers hope to understand the relationship between the two organisms and the metabolic processes that allow the worm to "eat" hydrogen sulfide.
Gaasterland said preliminary sequencing has helped them discover five different strains of the bacteria. Now she and Felbeck are seeking to catalog the genomes of those strains and to match the proteins associated with those genes to hydrogen sulfide processing.
Terry Gaasterland
www . mpl . ucsd . edu
Scientists in the Marine Physical
Laboratory (MPL) use knowledge of the
ocean and its boundaries to perform
basic research and solve problems in
ocean acoustics, ocean optics, marine
physics, marine geophysics, signal pro
cessing, and ocean technology. MPL
scientists develop advanced ocean
technology for in situ and remote envi
ronmental measure
ment programs and
for testing new engi
neering concepts.
Philippe Roux hopes
to utilize the technol
ogy used in medical
ultrasonics on a small
Luc Rainville (left) and Robert Pinkel scale to mimic the during 2002 HOME cruise. large-scale behavior
of objects buried under the seafloor
or on the move in ocean waters.
In a laboratory tank simulating an ocean
environment, Roux is attempting to
reproduce, isolate, and distinguish the
myriad acoustic echoes that typically
overwhelm signals emitted by buried
mines, swimming fishes, and other
objects in shallow ocean waters .
Instruments that incorporate the
resulting technology could be used for
a range of objectives from minesweep
ing operations in harbors to counts of
endangered or economically important
fishes. Roux and colleagues plan to test
the processes developed in the labo
ratory on the ultrasonic scale at low
frequencies in the Mediterranean Sea
in July 2004.
M P L 58
•
Additionally, Roux is conducting similar
experiments in a terrestrial environ
ment, using a "forest" of pylons set
up on the Scripps campus to study
how sound propagates through the
assemblage. The land-based version
of ultrasound imaging could also have
military applications, he said.
Researchers at Scripps and elsewhere
are continuing to make new discoveries
about how tidal energy manifests itself
in the ocean, thanks to the field data
obtained during the Hawaii Ocean
Mixing Experiment (HOME) conducted
during 2000-2002.
A twice-daily tide hits the Hawaiian
Ridge broadside, setting in motion a
cascade of secondary events on a
variety of scales . Using data more
detailed than any previously gathered,
Luc Rainville and Robert Pinkel made
the surprising observation that the
internal waves generated every 12
hours from this collision in turn fuel
the creation of 24-hour-period motions
with very high vertical shears, which can
break and dissipate energy quickly.
This process happens surprisingly
fast, suggesting that it is a significant
participant in the process by which
energy dissipates on smaller and
smaller scales.
The purpose behind many of the sounds
whales make, and the distances over
which they need to communicate to
Philippe Roux and his pylon "forest."
• successfully reproduce, remain
unknown. In addition , there is little
information on the distribution and
trends of human-made noise over the
ocean. Researching these two ques
tions is problematic, because tradi
tionally it has been difficult and expen
sive to deploy acoustic instruments
sophisticated enough to track whales
and noise sources precisely.
In a number of different projects, Aaron
Thode is helping to gather data on both
whale sounds and human-made noise,
in the hope of helping to understand
how this noise might affect whales.
Thode has developed a portable
hydrophone array that makes acoustic
tracking of humpback, sperm, and
other whale species in remote locations
much easier than before. In the coming
year, he plans to use the array to
potentially identify biologically relevant
responses to sounds ranging from
fishing boat motors to seismic air guns,
which are used for oil exploration
worldwide.
Thode's work could provide more
detail on how noise affects the feeding
success, communication range, and
possibly even the physical health of
whales. The technology may also help
establish guidelines for environmentally
safe use of undersea blasting and
similar operations.
Aaron Thode with portable hydrophone.
The SeaSoar was used in the HOME project.
Scientists in the Physical
Oceanography Research
Division (PORD) study a
range of observational and
theoretical topics related to
the physics of the ocean.
Some researchers study the large-scale circulation
of the world's oceans or the specifics of smaller
environments such as the continental shelf, estuaries,
or the shoreline. Others examine the interactions
between the ocean and atmosphere. PORD scientists
also develop new technologies such as autonomous
drifters, specialized sensors, and new versions of
current profilers.
Scientists know that hurricanes create turbulent
mixing in the upper ocean, leaving a cool swath of
water near the sea surface. Graduate student Sarah
Zedler, along with her advisors Peter Niiler and Detlef
Stammer, is studying regional differences in simulated
ocean temperature and ocean current responses
to hurricanes.
In a comparative study, Zedler is using a regional
version of a general circulation model that repre
sents hurricane-like wind stresses in locations such
as the Caribbean, the mid-Atlantic, and the eastern
Pacific. The results show that the change in sea
surface temperature is smaller in regions like the
Caribbean, where the uppermost layer of water, the
mixed layer, is relatively deep.
The study could ultimately improve computerized
predictions of storm strength by clarifying parameters
of ocean-mixing processes under high-wind condi
tions. Mixing estimates are important for simulating
sea-surface temperature, which partially determines
the energy available to a storm.
pord . ucsd . edu
The tide that passes the Hawaiian islands twice a day emits an
estimated 20 billion watts of energy, enough to power 20 million
households. Graduate student Joe Martin and his advisor, Dan
Rudnick, are among a team of researchers trying to determine where
that energy goes.
Using data collected during the Hawaii Ocean-Mixing Experiment
(HOME), the researchers concluded that roughly half of the energy
radiates away from the islands in internal tides that escape beyond a
range of 50 kilometers (31 miles). The rest appears to dissipate in
more localized turbulence. Internal tides and the breaking internal
waves they create result in the mixing of ocean waters.
Additional analysis of HOME data
suggests that internal tide genera
tion in Hawaiian waters is a more
localized process than once thought.
The researchers observed tides
that propagate in well-defined
paths away from the island chain.
The beamlike routes of the tides
likely correlate with the local under
water topography, or bathymetry,
at places where activity is most
concentrated .
Simulated ocean temperature during a hurricane.
Andrey Shcherbina is using a numerical model to re-create an impor
tant physical process that takes place in the Sea of Okhotsk, an inlet
of the northwestern Pacific.
A cold, dense water mass forms every winter in the sea as a result of
a process that accompanies sea-ice formation called "brine rejection."
As the ocean water freezes at the surface, its salt is squeezed out of
the ice and sinks into deeper waters that don't freeze. Direct obser
vations made in the winter of 1999-2000 showed a small portion of
this process for the first time. Shcherbina used the computer model
to fill in gaps of information not measured to produce what he calls
the clearest picture of the process ever made. The model suggests
that factors like tidal mixing play a more important role in the evolu
tion of the dense water than previously thought.
The dense water mass that makes its way from the Sea of Okhotsk is
a key source of oxygen and other nutrients for waters at intermediate
depths in the northern Pacific Ocean and is an important element in
global thermohaline circulation, which acts as a thermostat for the
world's oceans.
Andrey Shcherbina (left).
59 P 0 R D
60 I
~------------------------------------------------------------------------------. -----------------------------------------
Both hands-on learning and innovative technologies converge at the aquarium to
help visitors experience the wonderful world of the ocean and Scripps research.
~----------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------
(/
ON -SITE VISITORS
:: 363,665
PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
= 1,241 on-site and field programs for 34,808 participants K-12
= 76 public activities programs
= 174 natural ist-led whale-watching cruises
= 73 birthday party programs
= Total participants: 22,755
SUMMER LEARNING ADVENTURES
= 73 sessions with 1,036 participants
MONROE CLARKE MIDDLE SCHOOL
= 10 sessions with 289 participants
OUTREACH PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS
= 203 programs for 5,222 students
= 54 charity programs for 2,128 participants
= 1,850 total programs reaching a total of 65,575 people
SCRIPPS OCEANOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
= 6,717 members
VOLUNTEER HOURS
:: 24,109
STAFF MEMBERS
= 52 career, 1 casual, 22 by agreement, 3 students
EARNED INCOME
:: $2,775,318
DONOR -DESIGNATED GIFTS AND GRANTS
:: $629,000
OPERATING EXPENSES
:: $2,766,521
•
The Birch Aquarium at Scripps communicates Scripps Institution of Oceanography's science to the public. However, we do not receive direct public fund ing . To serve as the gateway to Scripps research and to the ocean world through highquality exhibits and programs, we began to strengthen the aquarium 's financial position in the past fiscal year and to create new, sound plans for the future.
I am pleased to report that the first phase of a two-year strategic plann ing process is going well . Financial results from fiscal year 2003 show an increase in total revenue of five percent and expenses were down four percent compared to the previous year. Our long-range vision is to continue to strengthen our programs and showcase cutting-edge Scripps research in increasingly educational and engaging ways. To this end, we have begun introducing new exhibits and programs.
The generosity of the Favrot Fund allowed us to add stunning new, coral tanks and extend the coral -reef displays to include the work of four Scripps scientists. The research of Jeremy Jackson, Nancy Knowlton, Chris Charles, and Bill Fenical is portrayed on four beautiful interact ive panels opposite the Tropical Seas Gallery. We hosted a special evening event to celebrate these new features, demonstrating the Birch Aquarium's coral propagation techniques and emphasizing the need for coralreef conservation.
Our mission to foster ocean conservation continued with the new Shifting Baselines display. Two large, changing panels dramatically illustrate the contrast between coral reefs and kelp forests half a century ago with the bare waters and loss of diversity that we see today.
This simple but evocative display is part of a nationwide campaign developed by Scripps scientists Jeremy Jackson and Paul Dayton , along with Randy Olsen and several other part-
I
1rch Aq
ners including the aquarium. To draw attention to the opening of this display, we hosted a special event in June 2003 to.c.oincide with the release .. of the .. landmark Pews Ocean Commission report, America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change.
Our most memorable outreach event last year was the 2003 San Diego County Fair. The fair's theme was Commotion by the Ocean and Scripps was the premier exhibitor in the main exhibit hall, where visitors were able to immerse themselves in a simulated ocean environment. The exhibit, Scripps Ocean Explorations, brought Scripps science and the oceans to life with research instruments, videos, and adventure-filled science pre sentations . We offered discount aquarium admiss ion to fairgoers , which helped increase attendance throughout the summer.
Although we began major renovation of the museum side of the aquarium last summer, we were still able to open the Sounds of the Sea exhibit. After premiering at the fair, the traveling exhibit provided visitors with the opportunity to listen to both natural and human-generated sounds in the ocean. It also featured panels highlighting the acoustic research of four scientists, includ ing Walter Munk, professor emeritus of geophysics at Scripps. In honor of the opening, we held a public discussion on acoustics with Dr. Munk.
The monthly Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science lecture series allows the public to hear directly from Scripps scientists about their research . The series continues to be a great success. Many of our other public programs are growing in popularity, including our whale-watching partnership with San Diego Harbor Excursion, October's Haunted Aquarium, and our Family Days at the aquarium.
I
• rr t Scripps
• Our education programs continue
to flourish and growA Through. the generous support of Price Charities, we have developed a partnership with Monroe Clarke school Education programs. Scripps graduates and UCSD undergraduates provide volunteer service to the aquarium in many ways, including teaching some of our summer learning courses. However, they are especially helpful to running the National Ocean Sciences Bowl. Every year, this regional bowl competition for high schoolers is held at Scripps and in 2003 we hosted the national competition here. We are extremely grateful for the help of all our volunteers at that event and many others.
We could not fulfill our vision without the help of our donors . I would especially like to thank Wells Fargo Bank for its support of our programs, as well as our neighbors the La Jolla Beach and Tennis Club , and its invaluable partnership. I would also like to thank the Parker Foundation for its help in supporting the development of our new Docent Ambassador Program. Our docents are enormously important to the aquarium. They give thousands of hours of their time to help the aquarium achieve excellence in all of its programs and their contribution is invaluable.
Nigella Hillgarth EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
I
-.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~-----------------------------------------
After capillaries are loaded with a gel matrix and DNA (right) into the MegaBACE
sequencer, a laser reads the DNA and sequences it.
-.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------
0
0
+
Curricular Groups 0 +
+ 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 - -- ------------- ---------------------------- ---0----
0 0
The Graduate Department of Scripps Institution of Oceanogr~phy offers
instruction leading to Ph.D. degrees in oceanography, marine ~iology, and
earth sciences. Because of the interdiscipl inary nature of !the ocean
sciences, the department provides a choice of eight curri cJi ar groups
through which the student may pursue a Ph.D. degree. Each i group has
prerequisites for admissio~ _i_n_ ~~~~~i-~-~-~~ -~~-~--~~~~~~-~-n~~~ -~~-~-~~~~jents.
Applied Ocean Science (AOS)
This interdepartmental program serves as a bridge between the classical disciplines of biological, geological, and physical oceanography and the UCSD engineering departments. The aim of the AOS program is to develop scientists capable of designing and operating novel instrumentation in support of ocean research, as well as analyzing and interpreting the data.
Biological Oceanography
In the biological oceanography curriculum, the interactions of marine organisms with the physical-chemical environment and with each other are studied. Research and instruction in this curriculum range from food-web dynamics and community structure to systematics, behavior, biogeography, and physical -biological interactions.
Climate Sciences
The climate sciences curriculum concerns the study of the climate system of the earth with emphasis on the physical, dynamical, and chemical interactions of the atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and the terrestrial and marine biospheres. The program includes investigations of changes on seasonal to interannual time scales, changes induced by human activities, and paleoclimatic changes on time scales from centuries to millions of years.
64
Geological Sciences
This curriculum applies observational, experimental, and theoretical methods to the understanding of the solid earth and the solar system and how they relate to the ocean and the atmosphere. Principal subprograms are marine geology and geophysics, tectonics, sedimentology, micropaleontology and paleoceanography, petrology and geochemistry, and isotope geology. Expedition work at sea and fieldwork on land are emphasized as essential complements to laboratory and theoretical studies.
Geophysics
This curriculum educates the student about the physics of the solid earth, including the earth's magnetic field, the mechanics of tectonic processes, earthquakes and the waves they produce, the physics of the earth's interior, and mathematical methods for analyzing data and interpreting them in terms of models of the earth. Physical and mathematical approaches to geophysical research are emphasized .
Marine Biology
The marine biology curriculum emphasizes course work, seminars, and research on all aspects of the biology of marine organisms. Teaching and research focusing on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes encompass the disci-
plines of cell and molecular biology, biochemistry, developmental biology, physiology, biomechanics, genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
The marine chemistry and geochemistry curriculum emphasizes the chemical and geochemical processes operating in the oceans, atmosphere , and other environments, and includes the subdiscipline of marine natural products chemistry. Education and research in this curriculum combine field observations with laboratory or modeling projects. Studies of natural systems are often multidisciplinary and integrate chemical concepts and techniques with information about physical , geological, or biological processes, including the effects of human activity.
Physical Oceanography
The physical oceanography curriculum deals with mechanisms of energy transfer through the sea and across its boundaries and with the physical interactions of the sea with its surroundings, especially its influence on climate. Research activities are both observational and theoretical. These inc lude study of the general circulation of the oceans; mechanisms of transport of energy, momentum, and physical substances within the sea and across its boundaries; properties of wind waves, internal waves, tsunami waves, and planetary waves; the thermodynamic description of the sea as a system not in equilibrium; optical and acoustical properties of the sea; and the influence of the surf on nearshore currents and the transport of sediments.
Student Enrollment
In the fall of 2002, 44 new students were admitted to graduate study: four in applied ocean sciences, six in biological oceanography, seven in climate sciences, five in geological sciences, four in geophysics, seven in marine biology, seven in marine chemistry and geochemistry, and four in physical oceanography. In 2003, UCSD awarded 19 doctor of philosophy degrees and six master of science degrees to the students listed in this section.
Doctor of Philosophy Degrees Awarded, with Titles of Dissertations
Earth Sciences
Nancy E. Bowers "Magnetic Modeling of the Seafloor: Analysis of Short Wavelength Variations within the Brunhes and Anamoly 5 Normal Polarity Intervals"
Eric Christian Hallenborg "The Structure of Mature Oceanic Crust: Tectonic Feature Revealed in SuperfastSpread Cocos Plate by Mulitchannel Seismic Grids and Swath Bathymetry"
David Ericsson Hunter " Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean"
Nancy Marie Kanjorski "Cocos Plate Structure along the Middle America Subduction Zone off Oaxaca and Guerrero, Mexico: Influence of Subducting Plate Morphology on Tectonics and Seismicity"
Gerhard Kminek "The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Amino Acids and Bacterial Spores in Different Geo- and Cosmochemical Environments"
Justin T. Kulongoski " Noble Gases Dissolved in Groundwaters: Techniques for Exploring Groundwater Dynamics and Paleoclimate Variability"
•
David G. McMillan "Statistical Analyses of Geomagnetic Dipole Variations, Reversals, and Geodynamo Simulations"
Peter A. Selkin "Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetics of Precambrian Intrusions"
Alison M. Shaw "Noble Gas and Major Volatile Systematics of the Manus Back-Arc Basin and the Central American Arc"
Linda M. Warren "Analysis of Global CompressionalWave Spectra to Determine Anelastic Earth Structure and Earthquake Rupture Directivity"
Mark van Zuilen "Tracing Life in the Early Archean: The 3800 Ma Old lsua Supracrustal, Southern West Greenland"
Marine Biology
Harry Scott Rapoport " Biomechanics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of a Molluscan Scleroprotein Elastomer: Whelk Egg Capsules"
Oceanography
Emanuele Di Lorenzo " Dynamics of the Southern California Current System"
Geoffrey Fred Edelmann "Underwater Acoustic Communications Using Time Reversal"
Catherine Lynn Johnson " Dormancy in an Eastern Boundary Current Copepod"
Melissa L. Lerch " Investigat ion of the Potential of Marine Natural Products as Inhibitors of HIV lntegrase"
Degree Recipients
II
Jessica Knight Nolan "Picophytoplankton Productivity: Perspectives from Ecology, Photophysiology, and Optics"
Thomas J. Reichler " Long-Range Atmospheric Predictability"
Peter von Dassow " Regulation of Bioluminescence in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum"
Master of Science Degrees Awarded
Earth Science
Alexander Hutko Christian R. Solem
Marine Biology
Xio He Florence J. Folmer Margot L. Stiles
Oceanography
Stephan Grimes
For application procedures or more information, please write to:
University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Graduate Department
9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0208
La Jolla, CA 92093-0208
siograddept. ucsd.ed u
•
--
-
-
-
~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ ------------------------------------------
Scripps engineers d eve loped wave recorders (bottom) for the fall 2003 NCEX
project. With ultraprecise clocks, researchers could track the movement of waves
over the course of millisec onds . .. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------
Henry D. I. Abarbanel, Physics/MPL, Physics
@ Duncan C. Agnew, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Lihini Aluwihare, GRD, Chemical Oceanography
-¢- Victor C. Anderson, ECE/MPL, Marine Physics
@ Laurence Armi, PORD, Physical Oceanography
James R. Arnold, Chemistry/CSI, Space Research
@ Gustaf 0. S. Arrhenius, MRD, Oceanography
Guillermo Auad, CRD, Oceanography
~ Roswell W. Austin, MRD, Optical Physics
@ Farooq Azam, MBRD/CMBB, Microbiology
Jeffrey M. Babcock, IGPP, Earth Sciences
~ Robert Bacastow, GRD, Particle Physics
~ George E. Backus, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Jeffrey L. Bada, MRD, Marine Chemistry
@ Kathel'lneA Barbeau, MRD, Marine Chemistry
illll Jay P. Barlow, SIO, Biological Oceanography
Tim P. Barnett, CRD/MPL, Physical Oceanography
@ Douglas H. Bartlett, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Bacterial Molecular Genetics
David J. Battle, MPL, Engineering
Timothy R. Baumgartner, 100, Geological Oceanography & Paleoceanography
~ e Thorsten Becker, IGPP, Geophysics
Rizlan Bencheikh-Latmani, MBRD, Environmental Engineering
~ Andrew A Benson, MBRD, Marine Biology
Jonathan Berger, IGPP/CSI, Geophysics
@ Wolfgang H. Berger, GRD, Oceanography
Bruce G. Bills, IGPP, Planetary Science
Donna K. Blackman, IGPP, Marine Geophysics
Yehuda Bock, IGPP, Geodesy
~ Hugh Bradner, MAE/IGPP, Physics
Bianca M. Brahamsha, MBRD/CMBB, Microbiology
~ Edward Brinton, 100, Marine Biology
Peter D. Bromirski, 100, Geology & Geophysics
@ Kevin M. Brown, GRD, Geological Sciences
II Reggie Brown, PORD, Physics
-¢- James N. Brune, GRD/IGPP, Geophysics
Greg Buchanan, MRD, Organic Chemistry
@ Michael J. Buckingham, MPL, Ocean Acoustics
II John D. Bukry, GRD, Micropaleontology
~ Theodore H. Bullock, Neurosciences, Neurobiology
II Theodore E. Bunch, MRD, Earth Sciences
@ Ronald S. Burton, MBRD/CMBB, Biological Sciences
Brett C. Bush, CAS, Physics
Lilian Busse, 100, Freshwater Ecology
II John L. Butler, MBRD, Marine Biology
Nicolas Caillon, GRD, Geochemistry
@ Steven C. Cande, GRD, Marine Geophysics
George F. Carnevale, PORD, Oceanography
Laura E. Carrillo, 100, Physical Oceanography
~ Jose Carriquiry, GRD, Geology
@ Paterno R. Castillo, GRD, Petrology
Daniel R. Cayan, CRD/MPL, Meteorology
Luca Centurioni, PORD, Ocean Physics
@ Paola Cessi, PORD, Physical Oceanography
C. David Chadwell, MPL, Geodesy
@ Christopher D. Charles, GRD, Paleoclimatology
@ David M. Checkley, 100, Marine Ecology
Ji Chen, CRD, Hydrology
Shyh-Chin Chen, CRD, Meteorology
Lanna Cheng, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Entomology
Teresa Chereskin, PORD/100, Physical Oceanography
Chul Chung, CAS, Meteorology
~ Linden Clarke, 100, Oceanography
Henderson Cleaves, MRD, Biochemistry
Giovanni Coco, IGPP, Physical Oceanography
Lydwine S. Colzy, CSI, Physics
@ Catherine Constable, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Steven C. Constable, IGPP, Geophysics
Bruce D. Cornuelle, PORD/CRD, Oceanography
~ Charles S. Cox, PORD, Physical Oceanography
~ Harmon Craig, GRD, Geochemistry/Oceanography
illll Paul Crutzen, O-SlO, Stratospheric Chemistry
~ Joseph R. Curray, GRD, Marine Geology
David L. Cutchin, PORD, Physical Oceanography
J. Peter Davis, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Russ E. Davis, PORD, Physical Oceanography
Steven M. Day, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Paul K. Dayton, 100, Biological Oceanography
Grant B. Deane, MPL, Mathematics
Bruce Deck, GRD, Geochemistry
Catherine deGroot-Hedlin, IGPP, Geophysics
Dimitri D. Dehyen, MBRD, Marine Biology
Francisco Delgadillo-Hinojosa, MRD, Coastal Oceanography
11 David Derner, MPL, Applied Ocean Sciences
Christian P. de Moustier, MPL/SOMTS, Oceanography
illll Richard B. Deriso, O-SlO, Fisheries Population Dynamics
11 Michael D. Dettinger, CRD, Atmospheric Sciences
Edward P. Dever, 100, Oceanography
~ Annette Deyhle, GRD, Marine Geochemistry
@ Andrew G. Dickson, MPL, Chemistry
illll Andrew E. Dizon, O-SlO, Zoology
Dietmar Dommenget, PORD, Oceanography
Clive Dorman, 100, Physical Oceanography
@ LeRoy M. Dorman, GRD/MPL, Geophysics
July 1, 2002-..June 30 , 2003
@ Neal Driscoll, GRD, Marine Geology and Geophysics
II Ellen Druffel, MRD, Chemistry
Gerald D'Spain, MPL, Oceanography
-9- Seibert Q. Duntley, O-SlO, Physics
Matthew Dzieciuch, IGPP, Electrical Engineering
11 Stephen Elgar, 100, Nearshore Processes
II M. Hany S. Elwany, 100, Coastal and Ocean Engineering
-9- James T. Enright, MRD, Biological Oceanography
Peng Fang, IGPP, Geodesy
Falk Feddersen, 100, Oceanography
@ Horst Felbeck, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biochemistry
@ William H. Fenical, MRD/CMBB, Chemistry
@ Yuri Fialko, IGPP, Geosciences
~ Jean H. Filloux, PORD, Physical Oceanography
~ Frederick H. Fisher, MPL, Physics
~ Robert L. Fisher, GRD, Marine Geology/Oceanography
Piotr Flatau, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Sciences
11 Reinhard E. Flick, 100, Coastal Processes
Theodore D. Foster, GRD, Physics
@ Peter J. S. Franks, 100, Biological Oceanography
Sharon E. Franks, 100, Oceanography
Helen A Fricker, IGPP, Glaciology
~ Edward A Frieman, Director Emeritus/IGPP, Physics
Robert J. Frouin, CSI, Meteorology
Blanca Galindo, MBRD, Biochemistry
Jeffrey S. Gee, GRD/IGPP, Earth Sciences
~ Agnes Genevey, IGPP, Earth Sciences
illll Konstantine Georgakakos, CRD, Hydrology and Water Resources
Alexander Gershunov, CRD, Geography
Peter Gerstoft, MPL, Civil Engineering
@ Carl H. Gibson, AMES/O-SlO, Fluid Dynamics
@ Joris M. T. M. Gieskes, MRD, Marine Chemistry
-¢- J. Freeman Gilbert, IGPP, Geophysics
@ Sarah Gille, PORD, Physical Oceanography
John Gilson, PORD, Physical Oceanography
Ralf Goericke, 100, Biological Oceanography
~ Edward D. Goldberg, MRD, Chemistry
William J. Gould, PORD, Oceanography
Jeffrey B. Graham, CMBB/MBRD, Marine Biology/ Physiology
Nicholas E. Graham, CRD/MPL, Meteorology
Peter R. Guenther, GRD, Marine Chemistry
@ Robert T. Guza, PORD/100, Physical Oceanography
~ Koji Hamasaki, MBRD, Marine Biology
-¢- Harold T. Hammel, CMBB, Physiology
Jeanne Hardebeck, IGPP, Geophysics
67
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
Alistair J. Harding, IGPP, Seismology @ Charles F. Kennel, Director, Astrophysics
@ Philip A Hastings, Graham M. Kent, IGPP, Geophysics MBRD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Deborah L. Kilb, IGPP, Seismology
-¢- Richard A Haubrich, IGPP, Geophysics Katherine H. Kim, MPL, Electrical Engineering Loren R. Haury, 100, Biological Oceanography Michael Kirby, GRD, Geology
@ James W. Hawkins, GRD, Geology Jochen Klinke, PORD, Physics -¢- Francis T. Haxo, MBRD, Marine Botany • John A Knauss, PORD, Oceanography @ Margo G. Haygood, @ Nancy Knowlton, MBRD, Zoology
MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology Robert A Knox,
Thomas L. Hayward, PORD/SOMTS/00, Oceanography 100, Biological Oceanography
Armin Koehl, PORD, Physical Oceanography Michael A Hedlin, IGPP, Earth Sciences
-l> Edvard A. Hemmingsen, CMBB, Physiology Suzanne Kohin, 100, Biology
~ ~ Achim Kopf, GRD, Geology @ Myrl C. Hendershott,
100/PORD, Physical Oceanography Antonius Koppers, IGPP, Isotope Geochronology
• Thomas H. Herbers, 100, Radiation Stress -l> Gerald L. Kooyman, CMBB, Physiology
• Juan C. Herguera, GRD, Oceanography ~ Svetlana Kostic, GRD, Philosophy
Jose Hernandez-Ayon, @ William A Kuperman, MPL, Marine Acoustics
MPL, Coastal Oceanography Hak Cheol Kwon, MRD, Pharmacy
Julian Herszage, GRD/MRD, Chemistry Ngai C. Lai, CMBB, Marine Biology
-¢- Robert R. Hessler, @ Devendra Lal, GRD, Nuclear Geophysics MBRD, Biological Oceanography Carina B. Lange, GRD, Marine Diatoms
@ John A Hildebrand, MPL/GRD, Applied Physics John L. Largier, Mark Hildebrand, MBRD, Biochemistry 100, Coastal and Estuarine Hydrodynamics
@ David R. Hilton, GRD, Isotope Geochemistry M. Gabrielle Laske, IGPP, Geophysics
Noritaka Hirohashi, MBRD, Life Sciences Michael Latz, MBRD/CMBB,
@ William S. Hodgkiss, Jr., MPL, Signal Processing Bioluminescence of Marine Organisms
Linda Z. Holland, MBRD, Molecular Biology @ James J. Leichter, 100, Biological Sciences
@ Nicholas D. Holland, MBRD, Marine Biology @ Lisa A Levin,
Osmund Holm-Hansen, MRD, Marine Biology 100, Marine Population and Community Ecology
-l> Ralph A Lewin, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology ~ Ibrahim Hoteit, PORD, Applied Mathematics
Iilli John R. Hunter, O-SlO, Ichthyology Fang Li, CRD, Mechanical Engineering
-¢- Leonard N. Liebermann, Physics/MPL, Physics Sam F. lacobellis, CRD, Physical Oceanography
Thomas C. Lippmann, @ Glenn R. lerley, 100, Nearshore Oceanography
IGPP/PORD, Physical Oceanography @ Peter F. Lonsdale, MPL, Geology
Anand K. lnamdar, Katja B. Lorbacher, CAS, Radiative Transfer/Numerical Computation
-l> Douglas L. Inman, 100, Physical Oceanography PORD, Physical Oceanography
*® Jeremy B. C. Jackson, GRD/MBRD, Geology -¢- Ralph Lovberg, PHYS, Physics
Jules S. Jaffe, MPL, Biophysics Carl D. Lowenstein, MPL, Marine Physics
Paul R. Jensen, MRD, Microbiology Dan Lubin, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics
@ Catherine Johnson, IGPP, Geophysics Timothy J. Lueker, MRD, Oceanography
Hope Johnson, Gunter W. Lugmair, GRD, Geochemistry
MBRD, Environmental & Engineering Sciences ~ Mary Ann Lynch, GRD, Geology
Kenneth G. Johnson, GRD, Geology Suzanne N. Lyons, IGPP, Geophysics
Mati Kahru, MRD, Biological Oceanography @ J. Douglas Macdougall, GRD, Marine Geology
Adrianus J. Kalmijn, PORD, Biology/Physics Jennifer A Mackinnon, 100, Oceanography
Hideki Kanamaru, CRD, Climatology & Hydrology -¢- Jacqueline Mammerickx, GRD, Geology
Masao Kanamitsu, CRD, Meteorology Elizabeth Mann, MBRD, Biological Oceanography
@ Miriam Kastner, GRD, Geology Arnold Mantyla, 100, Oceanography
~ Ronald Kaufmann, MBRD, Marine Biology David Marsden, CAS, Physics
@ Charles D. Keeling, GRD, Marine Chemistry Simon J. Mason, CRD/MPL, Geography
@ Ralph F. Keeling, MRD, Atmospheric Chemistry Patricia M. Masters, 100, Biology
• Michael P. Kennedy, GRD, Geology @ T. Guy Masters, IGPP, Geophysics
68
James K. McCarthy, MBRD, Microbiology Emily Pidgeon, ~ George G. Shor, Jr.,
~ John A. McGowan, IOD, Civil & Environmental Engineering SOMTS/MPL, Marine Geophysics
IOD, Biological Oceanography @ Robert Pinkel, PORD/MPL, Internal Waves Alexander Shukolyukov, GRD, Radiochemistry
@ W. Kendall Melville, Stephen C. Piper, GRD, Modeling James J. Simpson, IOD, Physical Oceanography MPL/PORD, Fluid Mechanics Igor A. Podgorny, Kimberly W. Skinner, GRD, Marine Geology Sarah Mesnick, CAS, Physical & Mathematical Science Jerome A. Smith, MBRD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Paul J. Ponganis, CMBB, Biology PORD/MPL, Physical Oceanography
'!!I Frances B. Michaelis, MBRD, Marine Biology Shelly K. Pope, CAS, Planetary Sciences Kenneth L. Smith, Jr., '!!I Juergen Mienert, GRD, Geology @ Kimberly A. Prather, Chem/CAS, Chemistry MBRD, Ecological Energetics
~ John W. Miles, Linette Prawiridirdjo, IGPP, Earth Sciences ii!li Paul E. Smith, D-SIO, Pelagic Ecology AMES/IGPP, Geophysics/Fluid Dynamics
Melany Puglisi, MRD, Pharmacognosy ~ Raymond C. Smith, MRD, Physics Arthur J. Miller, CRD/CSI, Physical Oceanography
ill!l Zhengxu Oian, PORD, Physics @ Richard C. J. Somerville,
Benjamin R. Miller, GRD, Earth Sciences [!]@ Veerabhadran Ramanathan,
CRD/CAS, Meteorology
Stephen P. Miller, GRD, Geophysics CSI/CRD/CAS, Planetary Atmospheres Hee Chun Song, MPL, Ocean Engineering
@ Jean-Bernard H. Minster, IGPP, Geophysics ill!l Anthony E. Rathburn, MRD, Geology ~ Fred N. Spiess, MPL, Marine Physics
B Gregory Mitchell, MRD, Phytoplankton Biology ill!l Freda M. Reid, IOD, Taxonomy Janet Sprintall, PORD, Physical Oceanography
Russell Moll, SGP, Biology ~ Joseph L. Reid, IOD, Physical Oceanography @ Detlef Stammer, PORD, Physical Oceanography
ill!l H. Geoffrey Moser, MBRD, Fisheries Biology '!!I Genelle Renz-Killmar, GRD, Geology Hubert H. Staudigel, IGPP, Geology
Mohamed Moustaoui, ~ William R. Riedel, STS, Marine Geology ill!l Jeffrey L. Stein, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology CAS, Atmospheric Dynamics
John 0 . Roads, CRD/CSI, Meteorology Malcom D. Stokes, Jens Muhle, GRD, Atmospheric Chemistry
@ Paul E. Robbins, PORD, Oceanography MPL, Biological Oceanography
~ Walter H. Munk, IGPP, Geophysics @ Dariusz Stramski, MPL, Oceanography
Venkata R. Muvva, CAS, Atmospheric Sciences Gregory C. Roberts, CAS, Atmospheric Sciences
@ George Sugihara, PORD, Mathematical Biology @ Dean H. Roemmich, PORD/IOD, Oceanography
Douglas J. Neilson, CRD, Biological Sciences ill!l James J. Rohr, MBRD, Engineering Physics
James H. Swift,
Boris Nemzer, MPL, Thermodynamics PORD/IOD/STS, Physical Oceanography ~ Richard H. Rosenblatt, MBRD, Marine Zoology William Sydeman, IOD, Ecology Cynthia Nevison, GRD, Atmospheric Sciences ill!l Arnold Ross, MBRD, Marine Biology '!!I Greg K. Szulgit, MBRD, Marine Biology @ William A. Newman,
MBRD/DO, Biological Oceanography ~ Moninya Roughan, IOD, Mathematics '!!I Hideto Takami, MBRD, Marine Biology
'!!I Catherine Nigrini, GRD, Geology Philippe Roux, MPL, Liquid Physics @ Lynne D. Talley, PORD, Oceanography
@ P. Peter Niiler, IOD/PORD, Applied Mechanics @ Daniel L. Rudnick, '!!I Fabian Tapia, IOD, Oceanography
'!!I Walter Nordhausen, MBRD, Marine Biology PORD, Physical Oceanography
Lik T. Tan, MRD, Pharmacy @ Enric Sala, IOD, Ecology
@ Joel Norris, IGPP, Atmospheric Sciences @ Lisa Tauxe, GRD, Geophysics @ Richard L. Salmon, PORD, Oceanography
@ Richard Norris, GRD, Earth & Planetary Sciences ill!l Steven W. Taylor, CMBB/MBRD, Chemistry @ David T. Sandwell, IGPP, Marine Geophysics -R. Glenn Northcutt, Neurosciences, Zoology Bradley M. Tebo, MBRD/CMBB, Marine Biology
Thomas James Noyes, IOD, Oceanography Annika B. Sanfilippo, GRD/STS, Paleontology
'!!I Alexis Templeton, MBRD, Marine Biology
Anna Obraztsova, MBRD, Microbiology Glenn S. Sasagawa, IGPP, Earth Sciences
Jane Teranes, GRD, Earth Sciences
@ Mark D. Ohman, Allan W. Sauter,
Eric Terrill, MPL, Oceanography MPL/GRD, Ocean Bottom Seismology IOD/STS, Biological Oceanography
Niklas Schneider, CRD, Oceanography Jurgen Theiss, PORD, Atmospheric Dynamics 1'l Raul N. Ondarza, CMBB, Marine Biology Aaron Thode, MPL, Oceanography @ John G. Sclater, GRD, Geophysics @ John A. Orcutt, IGPP, Geophysics William H. Thomas, MRD, Microbiology @ Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, @ Brian Palenik, MBRD, Oceanography GRD, Geological Sciences Hrvoje Tkalcic, IGPP, Geophysics ill!l Dorothy L. Parker, MBRD, Molecular Biology Richard J. Seymour, IOD, Oceanography Michael Tryon, GRD, Earth Sciences @ Robert L. Parker, IGPP/PORD, Geophysics @ Robert E. Shadwick, Mizuki Tsuchiya, MRD, Physical Oceanography ~ Paul Parnell, IOD, Oceanography MBRD/CMBB, Connective Tissue Biophysics Frederick I. Tsuji, MBRD/CMBB, Biochemistry a Gary L. Pavlis, IGPP, Geophysics @ Peter M. Shearer, IGPP, Seismology @ Victor D. Vacquier,
Cheryl L. Peach, BAS, Geology Jeffrey T. Sherman, MBRD/CMBB, Developmental Biology
t William F. Perrin, D-SIO, Zoology PORD, Applied Ocean Sciences Francisco Valero, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics
69
+ 1ft Adjunct Professor Series
Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Scholar
Alderson Chair
Emeritus
Emeritus, on site
Faculty, Department of Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Member of Scripps Institution of Oceanography Faculty
John D. Isaacs Chair
Oo Postgraduate research scientist
0 0 Ritter Chair
Visiting/Postdoctoral scholar
@I Nonsalaried, affiliated elsewhere
CAS Center for Atmospheric Sciences
Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine
Climate Research Division
California Space Institute
Director's Office
Electrical and Computer -¢- William G. Van Dorn, Medicine/CMBB, Comparative Physiology Engineering Department
PORO, Physical Oceanography Warren B. White, PORO/CRO, Oceanography Geosciences Research Division
Jolante Van Wijk, IGPP, Tectonics Eric M. Wilcox, CAS, Oceanography Elizabeth L. Venrick, 100, Oceanography @ Clinton D. Winant, 100, Oceanography Cecil H. & Ida M. Institute of Geophysics
Michael Vera, IGPP, Physics and Planetary Physics Amos Winter, GRO, Geology
Maria Vernet, MRO, Oceanography * Edward L. Winterer, GRO, Geology Institute for Nonlinear Science
Frank L. Vernon, IGPP, Seismology Kraig Winters, 100, Applied Mathematics Integrative Oceanography Division Andrew M. Vogelman, CAS/CSI, Meteorology Peter F. Worcester, Roland E. A. Von Glasow, IGPP/MPL/PORO, Oceanography
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
CAS, Atmospheric Physics (Meteorology) Alexandra Worden, Marine Biology Research Division ~ Laura Waggoner, MBRO, Marine Biology MBRO, Ecology, Marine Sciences
@ Martin Wahlen, GRO/CAS, Physics Slawomir B. Wozniak, MPL, Earth Sciences Marine Physical Laboratory
John P. Walsh II, GRO, Oceanography -¢- A. Aristides Yayanos, MBRO/CMBB, Physiology Marine Research Division
Haili Wang, MRO, Marine Chemistry @ William R. Young, Neurobiology Unit
* Kenneth M. Watson, PORO/IGPP, Physical Oceanography
MPL, Physical Oceanography Guang J. Zhang, CAS/CSI, Atmospheric Physics Physics Department
@I Gerold Wefer, GRO, Geology Xin Zhang, PORO, Physical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Research Division [1, Wilbert Weijer, PORO, Physical Oceanography @I Alberto Zirino, MRO, Oceanography
Sea Grant Program ~ Chester J. Weiss, IGPP, Geophysics Mark A. Zumberge, IGPP, Physics
@ Ray F. Weiss, GRO, Geochemistry Scripps Institution of Oceanography
@ Bradley Werner, IGPP, Geomorphology Graduate Department
Lyndon West, MRO, Organic Chemistry Ship Operations and Marine
[1, Anthony Westerling, + Technical Support
CRO, Economics & International Affairs STS Shipboard Technical Support -¢- Fred N. White,
• 70
Paul Dayton was selected by the UCSD Academic Senate to receive a 2003 UCSD Faculty Research Lecturer Award.
Staff member Gerald Denny, a principal electronic technician in the Marine Sciences Development Shop, received the first-ever UCSD 50-year service award.
Robert Fisher was elected an Honorary Life Member of the Explorers Club; he has been an Explorers Club Fellow since 1988.
Jules Jaffe was elected a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America.
The San Diego Press Club named Charles D. Keeling the science "Headliner of the Year" as a result of his 2002 National Medal of Science honor.
Scripps Director Charles F. Kennel was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.
William Kuperman was selected as a Secretary of the Navy/ Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair, Scripps 's third such chair.
Lynne Talley
Jessica Lundquist
Graduate student Jessica Lundquist won the Desert Research Institute 's Peter B. Wagner Memorial Award for Women in Atmospheric Science and was awarded a scholarship from the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program for the Americas.
Joe Reid was named a fellow of the American Meteorological Society.
Lynn Russell received the Kenneth T. Wh itby Award from the American Association for Aerosol Research.
Scripps students selected the winners of the first annual Outstanding Teaching Awards, naming Peter Shearer winner of the 2003 Graduate Teaching Award and Neal Driscoll winner of the 2003 Undergraduate Teaching Award.
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names conferred the name Stewart Peak on a 1,097-meter (3,600-foot) Antarctic mountain in honor of Jim Stewart, Scripps 's diving officer emeritus.
Lynne Talley was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Lisa Tauxe received the George P. Woollard Award of the Geological Society of America.
Francisco P. J. Valero was elected a member of the International Academy of Astronautics.
71
-.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.------------------------------------------The Mermaid drifter (bottom) is the prototype for a new breed of seismometers that
will extend earthquake monitoring to the world 's oceans. As envisioned, the drifters
will be deployed by the hundreds to listen for seismic activity .
.. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------
REPORT..& __ • g er 1on
The Scripps fleet completed another
year of extraordinarily wide-rang ing
support of seagoing science. Whether
this range is measured geographically,
by the spectrum of oceanographic
disciplines involved, or by the variety of ship operations and tech-
nical support required to accomplish the research, the scope of
work was matched by the breadth of capability of the crews and
technical support personnel. No element of scientific instrumen-
tation or ship material configuration counted for more than the
work carried out at sea by these individuals with as few setbacks
as humanly possible.
Robert A. Knox ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, SHIP OPERATIONS AND MARINE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
RIV Roger Revelle During the 2003 fiscal year, RIV Roger Revelle undertook 15 diverse
expeditionary legs led by 15 different chief scientists. Activities included several studies at the National Science Foundation 's Hawaii Ocean -Mixing Experiment (HOME) site near the Hawaiian Ridge, where scientists worked to determine the extent to which the ridge is responsible for ocean mixing as tides and other large-scale currents encounter it. Additional cruises along the Cascadia Margin off the coast of Oregon attempted to provide a historical record of large earthquakes. By studying turbidites as proxies for earthquakes, Roger Revelle provided support for an intensive five-year study by Oregon State University, University of North Carolina, and Columbia University to investigate the circulation , biology, and chemistry of the Oregon coastal ocean. It also participated in the continuing California Current Studies and Hawaii Ocean Time Series programs. At-sea testing of the Advanced Tethered Veh icle, an ex-Navy, remotely operated undersea vehicle, began and two student cruises were accomplished. In addition to Scripps scientists, other institutions and organizations conducting research aboard RIV Roger Revelle during the year included the Science Applications International Corporation, University of Hawaii, Applied Physics Lab at the University of Washington, and Oregon State University.
Type Oceanographic research
Year built 1996
Year acquired by Scripps 1996
Owner U.S. Navy
length 273 feet
Beam 52 feet 5 inches
Draft, full 17 feet
Displacement, full 3,512 long tons
Cruising speed 12 knots
Range 15,000 nautical miles at 12 knots
Crew 22
Scientific party 3 7
Total distance traveled 22,106 nautical miles
Operating days 233
Captain: Thomas Desjardins. Relief captains: Wesley Hill and David Murline.
Type Oceanographic research
Year built 1969 (refitted, 1992)
Year acquired by Scripps 1969
Owner U.S. Navy
Length 279 feet
Beam 46 feet
Draft, full 16 feet 6 inches
Displacement, full 2,944 long tons
Cruising speed 11.7 knots
Range 10,061 nautical miles at 11.7 knots
Crew 23
Scientific party 38
Total distance traveled 46,861 nautical miles
Operating days 349
74
R!vMelville RIV Melville supported 11 expedition legs led by 10 chief scientists. Melville
left San Diego and headed south to carry out two geological/geophysical studies along the East Pacific Rise. The first involved imaging and sample collection on the Incipient Rift in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The second measured seafloor properties near the Pacific Margin of Costa Rica. Next, the ship supported the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 's work off Chile to renew a midocean air-sea interaction buoy that provides a long-term series of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes, and oceanic variability. Melville returned to the site of earlier work on the Hotu Matua and Sojourn Ridges. This was the second leg of the Gravity Lineations, Intraplate Melting , Petrologic and Seismic Expedition (GLIMPSE) experiment to recover ocean-bottom seismometers and carry out additional geological sampling. Melville then headed east to Cape Town by way of Cape Horn for four cruises. The Agulhas-South Atlantic Thermohaline Transport Experiment (ASTIEX) cruise southwest of Cape Town deployed moorings to measure mean ocean temperature, currents, and salinity. The Agulhas Undercurrent Experiment along the eastern coast of South Africa involved a hydrographic survey and deployment of three moorings. Of the remaining two cruises, one collected dredge samples on a portion of the southwest Indian Ridge, the other collected marine sediments on the southwest African margin. The ship then crossed the Indian Ocean while carrying out phytoplankton collections and hydroacoustic calibration studies. The year ended with a hydrographic and coastal ocean circulation study off the northwest coast of Australia. These expeditions were led by investigators from Duke University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Brown University, University of Maine, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Texas A&M University, and University of California campuses at San Diego (Scripps) and Santa Cruz.
Captain: Christopher Curl. Relief captains: Eric Buck and Murray Stein.
RIV New H orizon RN New Horizon embarked on 15 cruises with 13 different chief scientists
during the fiscal year. Research comprised a wide variety of projects, including physical, biological, chemical, and geophysical oceanography. New Horizon carried out three two-ship operations. The first was with RN Roger Revelle on a Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC} project to map out the physical and biological oceanographic distributions and processes that influence the zooplankton and juvenile salmonid habitat along the Oregon and northern California coast. The second was with RN Maurice Ewing, conducting a seismic experiment deploying and recovering ocean-bottom seismometers in the Gulf of California. The third was with RIV Atlantis on the East Pacific Rise where New Horizon was used as a laboratory ship for animals collected using the Atlantis-deployed submersible Alvin. Other institutions leading these projects were the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Scientific Solutions, University of Hawaii, and Oregon State University.
Captain: John Manion. Relief captains: Wesley Hill, Murray Stein, and Roger Price.
RIV Robe rt Gordon Sproul RIP FLIP
Type Oceanographic research
Year built 1978 (refitted, 1995-96)
Year acquired by Scripps 1978
Owner University of California
Length 170 feet
Beam 36 feet
Draft, full 12 feet Displacement, full 1,007 long tons
Cruising speed 10 knots
Range 9,600 nautical miles
Crew 12
Scientific party 19
Total distance traveled 27,660 nautical miles
Operating days 228
RN Robert G. Sproul carried out 37 separate cruises led by 21 scientists during the 2003 fiscal year. All of the activity occurred in local waters, except for work off Baja California. Research ran the gamut of oceanographic fields and observational techniques. Sproul is generally the ship of choice for small projects, initial trials of new techniques, student projects, and other activities requiring modest amounts of ship time. Other institutions involved in these studies were Penn State, University of Hawaii, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of San Diego, University of South Carolina, Naval Postgraduate School, National Marine Fisheries, AOA Geomarine Operations, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
R/P FLIP supported three research cruises during fiscal year 2003. Two of the cruises were conducted in the southern California area, one in Hawaiian waters. The first supported the Office of Naval Research sponsored Broadband experiment and was led by Penn State scientist Lee Culver. The second cruise, led by Scripps scientist Gerald D'Spain, was the Passive Synthetic Aperture Sonar experiment during which FLIP was towed east of San Clemente Island. For the third cruise, FLIP was towed by USNS Sioux to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to support the HOME project, led by Scripps scientist Robert Pinkel.
Captain throughout the year: Tom Golfinos.
Captain: lan Lawrence. Relief captains: Louis Zimm and Roger Price.
Type Floating instrument platform
Year built 1962
Type Oceanographic research Year built 1981
Year acquired by Scripps 1962
Year acquired by Scripps 1984 Owner University of California Length 125 feet
Beam 32 feet
Draft, full 9 feet 6 inches Displacement, full 696 long tons
Cruising speed 9 knots
Range 4,300 nautical miles Crew 5
Scientific party 12
Total distance traveled 7,726 nautical miles Operating days 107
Owner U.S. Navy
Length 355 feet Beam 20 feet
Draft, full 12 feet Displacement, full 700 long tons
Cruising speed Varies*
Range Varies*
Crew 3 in port, 5 underway
Scientific party 11 Total distance towed 5,200 nautical miles
Operating days 73
*RIP FLIP is towed to its various destinations.
75
.. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. ------------------------------------------Detailed observations come in many forms from an autonomous profiler (top
right) equipped with the one-of-a-kind FID0-<1> camera, which observes abundance
•. ,...: ..... ··~·A· seismometer (bottom left).
,---------------------' ------------------------------------------
\ \ \ I
' ' ,. ...
,. .., I ' I ' \ I
' \ I '- / I ' - /
'
\ \
\ \ I '
I '
\ \
' ' \
'
• +
Seek. Teach. Communicate.
As the fiscal year ended, Scripps Institution of Oceanography was concluding a century of scientific exploration, preparing for centennial celebrations, and planning to launch into its second century with a vision of even greater service to society. That potential, coupled with mounting state budget challenges, underscored the need for additional private support and earned revenue.
Scripps scientists, students, and staff continue to produce outstanding work, guided by the institution 's mission to seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the oceans, atmosphere, Earth, and other planets for the benefit of society and the environment. Many friends assisted that work with meaningful financial support. Scripps received 8,389 gifts during the fiscal year.
In total , Scripps received $6,967,486 in gifts, pledges, grants, and gifts-in-kind from individuals, corporations, foundations, and other organizations-an amount more than 27 percent beyond the total for the prior fiscal year.
Seek Studying the sea, air, land, and life.
The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation contributed $850,000 to continue its support of Scripps's global change research. The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation for Earth Sciences contributed gifts totaling $393,276 to support the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Scripps. In April 2003, we lost Cecil Green, an extraordinary friend and supporter.
The Comer Science and Education Foundation provided $100,000 to support geochemist Jeff Severinghaus 's climate change research and $100,000 for atmospheric scientist Ralph Keel ing 's work. Unrestricted research contributions included $742,767 from David De LaCour, $93,852 from Bill and Patty Todd , and $26,208 from Stuart and Allison Lasley Goode.
Numerous gifts were received to support the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC) at Scripps, including a $180,000 pledge from Edward W. Scripps, a $30,000 pledge from the Moore Family Foundation , $25,000 from Ivan C. Gayler, and $25,000 from George P. Mitchell. CMBC Deputy Director Enric Sala 's marine conservation research was supported by a $250,000 grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and a $100,000 grant from the Tinker Foundation.
Gifts to support research at the Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine at Scripps included $25,000 from Charles Robins. Dimitri Deheyn's research into the effects of pollution on marine organisms was supported by a $31,160 grant from the San Diego Foundation. The Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute contributed $46,924 toward scientist Jules Jaffe's multi-institutional
I
·evel p ent
project to help reduce manatee-boat collisions . The Helene P. 'Barrington Revocable Trust provided $25,000 to support geophysicist Jon Berger ' s earthquake research . Several private donors made contributions to sustain the incomparable Scripps Oceanographic Collections, among them Twila Bratcher Critchlow, who made an !unrestricted gift of $88,000.
Teach Educating the scientific leaders of tomorrow.
A $1,054,523 bequest from Bettie P. Cody added to the endowment for .the Robert L. and Bettie P. Cody Memorial Fellowship . The ARCS Foundation 's Los Angeles Chapter continued its long-standing student support, with grants totaling $79,369. Scripps scientists Ralph Lewin and Lanna Cheng donated $70 ,000 toward the Cheng An Lun Fellowship Endowment. Other student support included $30,000 from Ellis Wyer for the Wyer Family Fellowship and $25,000 from the Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation to support graduate students working in the Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine. The Canon U.S.A. National Parks Science Scholars Program for the Americas awarded graduate student Jessica Lundquist a $39,000 fellowship.
·Communicate Communicating the results of Scripps science to decision makers in government and industry, as well as to the public.
Fund-raising has been completed for construction of the Robert Paine Scripps Center. Gifts last fiscal year included pledges of $250,000 from Cindy Scripps and William H. Scripps; pledges of $1,000,000 from the SHS Foundation, $35,000 from ITLA Capital Corporation, and $25,000 from Tom and Evelyn Page; and gifts of [$25,000 each from the Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation and 'Wells Fargo Bank.
Richard H. Hertzberg donated $76,000 toward the Shifting Baselines campaign, which is dedicated to increasing awareness about the deteriorating state of the oceans. The Nierenberg Foundation donated $40,000 to support the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest.
The Birch Aquarium at Scripps plays a vital role in communicating Scripps science. Gifts to the aquarium included an unrestricted contribution of $24 7,848 from David DeLaCour and $50,000 from Robert P. Scripps. Gifts to support aquarium education programs included $25,000 each from ITLA Capital Corporation, Wells Fargo Bank, the Parker Foundation, the Favrot Fund, and San Diego Gas & Electric.
As Scripps enters its second century, we are reminded of the continuing importance of friends and supporters. Your gifts truly do make a difference.
J list of Scripps donors appears on the foll~rig pa~.~s.
'John Evey .ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF SCRIPPS FOR DEVELOPMENT
77
.July 1, 2002- ..June 30 , 2003
Federal, State, and City Agencies
Federal Agriculture, Department of
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
Defense, Department of Air Force Research Laboratory Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity Defense Threat Reduction Agency Office of Scientific Research
Energy, Department of Miscellaneous Offices and Programs Oakland Operations Office Washington, DC Operations Office
Environmental Protection Agency Health and Human Services, Department of
National Institutes of Health Allergy and Infectious Diseases Child Health and Human Development National Cancer Institute National Cancer Research Resources
Interior, Department of the U.S. Geological Survey (includ ing National Biolog ical Service) Mineral Management Service Miscellaneous Agencies
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames University Consortium George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Goddard Space Flight Center Langley Research Center
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Science Foundation Navy, Department of the
Naval Research Laboratory Naval Oceans Systems Center Office of Naval Research Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
California, State of Boating and Waterways, Department of Miscellaneous Agencies Water Resources, Department of
Cities and Counties Orange County Sanitation District San Diego, City of San Diego, County of
Corporations/Foundations/Organizations
Achievement Rewards for College Students (ARCS)-Los Angeles Chapter
Alaska SeaLife Center Willis Allen Co., The American Association for the Advancement of Science Aphios Corporation Architechnics Arnold Orange Associates Geophysics, Inc. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories Behavioral and
Medical Research, LLC Arthur and Barbara Bloom Foundation BP Amoco Foundation, Inc. BP Matching Funds Programs Beyster Family Foundation, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Inc. Brummitt Energy Associates Carnegie Institution Casner Family Foundation Catnip Chela Financial Resources, Inc.
?8
Chevron Texaco Cisco Systems, Inc. Citigroup Foundation Comer Science and Education Foundation Commerce Trust Company, The Companion Petcare Professional Conoco, Inc. CP Kelco U.S. David and Martha Dominguez Charitable Foundation Dow Chemical Company Electromagnetic Instruments, Inc. EN2 Resources ExxonMobil Corporation ExxonMobil Exploration Company ExxonMobil Foundation Fleet and Family Support Center of San Diego Richard and Beverly Fink Family Foundation Willis and Jane Fletcher Foundation Samuel H. Ill and Katherine Weaver French Fund GenCorp Foundation Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co., Ltd.
(Japan) Germany, Government of (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) Glosten Associates, Inc., The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation for Earth Sciences Gregg Industrial Park William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation Harrow's Wholesale Jewelers Salah M. Hassanein Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute Hyatt-Financial Services IBM Corp. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
(IRIS Consortium) Information Systems Laboratories, Inc. Inter-American Institute (IAI) for Global Change Research lnterOcean Systems, Inc. Isaacs Brothers Foundation, The Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ITLA Capital Corp. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jewish Community Foundation Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation Korein Foundation, The Lanter Eye Care and Laser Surgery Larrabee & Zimmerman, LLP Lifewellness Institute Lodge at Torrey Pines Marvin Gardens, Inc. Andrew W Mellon Foundation Merck & Co., Inc. Merrill Lynch & Company Foundation Meyerson Management Miramar & Co. Monterey Peninsula College Trust Fund Kenneth F and Harle G. Montgomery Foundation Moore Family Foundation Morgan Stanley Motorola Foundation Muse Futon Artists Gallery National Fish and Wildlife Foundation National Space Development Agency of Japan National University of Singapore Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nierenberg Foundation Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, The Norsk Hydro Produksjon AS. (Norway) NVI,Inc. Oceanic Institute of Waimanlo, Hawaii, The R. J. Ogden Electric
OHM Ltd. Orincon Corp. Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Pacific Shellfish David and Lucile Packard Foundation Gerald and Inez Grant Parker Foundation Penates Foundation Pittsburgh Foundation, The
(Bessie F Anathan Charitable Trust, at the request of Ellen Lehman)
Ponagansett Foundation, Inc., The Project Exploration, Inc. PSK Enterprises, Inc. Oualcomm, Inc. Quantitative Advisors, LLC Ouest for Truth Foundation R. W Smith and Co. Rancho Santa Fe Foundation RD Instruments Henry & Ida Richard Foundation Steven J. Rigler, Chiropractic Corp. Rocket Publishing Co., Inc. Rockwell International Corp. Joseph Rosen Foundation Maurice Roy Photography Salk Institute for Biolog ical Studies San Diego Foundation, The
(including Robert and Carolyn Roden Fund) San Diego Gas and Electric San Diego Revitalization Sandia National Laboratories Schlumberger Limited (France) Schmid Laser Leveling Schoenith Foundation Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving Science Applications International Corporation
(including Telcordia) Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation John P. Scripps Foundation, The SEES Dr. Seuss Foundation Shell Oil Company Foundation SHS Foundation, The Spectrum Automation Star & Crescent Boat Co. Statoil R & D Centre (Norway) Charles H. Stout Foundation Strategies for the Global Environment Edna Bailey Sussman Fund Synergy Electric Co., Inc. Szekely Family Foundation Texas A&M Research Foundation Tinker Foundation Treebeard's Verdant Garden University of California
California Institute for Energy Efficiency Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Mexus Pacific Rim Research Program Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program
Union Bank of California, N.A. United Technologies University and Community College System of Nevada
(includ ing UN Las Vegas) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation Yaspan Unterberg Foundation, Inc., The Vulcan Lead Products Co., Inc.
WD-40 Co. Wells Fargo Bank
Wells Fargo Foundation Western Graphics Willow Designs & Interiors Winthrop, Inc.
Individuals
Cynthia Aaron and Craig Higgs Mimi and AI Abady Phyllis and Lynn Abbott Margery J. Abinanti Richard Abney Doreen and Robert C. Abrams Gail and Norm Achen Deborah Adamowicz Jean and Dawn Adams Marilyn Adams Therese Adesgeorge Leona K. Adler Martha Fay Africa Martha J. Alden Trish Alessio June and Daniel Allen Martha Allen by Maryse and Nikolaus Almassy Lihini Aluwihare Mary and David Ambrose Joy Ameel Patricia and Kevin Amis Jolene and Walter Andersen Joanne E. and David C. Anderson Jo Anne Anderson Leona and John Anderson Sari lee and George C. Anderson Victor C. Anderson Jean and Craig Andreiko Robin and C. Scott Andrews Virginia and John Andrews Elaine and Stephen Antoniuk Carol and John Armstrong Carol and Gary Arnold Rene Arnush Ann Griffith Ash Anthony Atkins Dawn and John Atkins Anna and Wilton Atkinson Patricia and Roswell Austin Alchera Ayyad Jami and Ken Saar Stella and James W. Backhaus Anna and Joe Baeza Jean and Jim Bailard Joyce and Lawrance Bailey Megan Bailiff and Warren 0. Curtis John Baker D. Baldwin Karl Banse John Barbey Chic Barna Carolyn and Milton Barnes Judith Barnes Eugene Barnyak Donna and Richard Barrett Fulvia and lzadore Barrett Elizabeth Sarrett-Connor and Jim Connor Helene P. Barrington Gayle Barsamian and David Clapp Ina Bartell Neuah and Stephen Bartram George Basch Rodey Batiza Ralph Baty Raymond Bauer
I
~udolf Bauer p1ga and Joseph Becker
~ita and Marvin Beddoe ames Beeler ohn Beers avid Begent erald Belkin
Rita and James Bell Barbara Bellaire Kim and Erich Benndorff Doug Bennett Jacklyn Bennett Dorothy and Andrew Benson Judy and Roger Benson Brian K. Bentler Patricia Bentley Elisabeth and John Jerome Bergan Carl A Bergard Karen and Wolfgang Berger Lynn and Brian Bergstrom Lynn and Jay Berman Debra and Tony Bernot John A Berol Merle Bevis Blaine Beyer Betty and J. Robert Beyster Jim Beyster Marie and James Biers Gretchen and Brett Bigelow Patti and Bill Bigham AI nora and Charles Bishop Beverly Ray and Andy Bishop Fiona Black Suzan and William Black Virginia Black Tom Blair Daniel and Jennifer Blanchard Lynn and Dan Blanke Robert Blayney Denise and Gene Blickenstaff Julie Block Barbara Blomgren Macine and Colin Bloor Cheryl Blum Louise and William R. Boehm Alma Boers Marilynn and Roger Boesky Susan Bohlin Barbara and Clarence Bolin Thelma and Charles Bollinger James Bondoux Barbara and Stavros Booras Nancy Saikhon-Borrelli and Fred D. Borrelli Walter Bortnichak Jennifer and John Bost Kathleen and Philip Botkiss Eleanor and Robert Bottomley Paula and Joe Boudreau James Bowers Thomas Boyd Anne C. Taubman and David Boyle Samuel Bozzette Cecilia and Robert Brace Jil l Bradburn Barbara and Rich Bradham Dan Bradley Marjorie and Hugh Bradner jBianca Brahamsha !susan and James Brandt Jane and Daniel Brannegan Robert Breitbard Andrew Breiterman Beth and Kevin Bresnahan ~uadalupe and Timothy Brictson
1
arah Livia Brightwood
- Stuart Britton Carol Ann and Anthony Broad Maureen Brock Sophie and Arthur Brody Susan Brody Helen Louise Brooks Paul Brooks Hal Brown Kay and Michael Brown Laura and Archibald Brown Lillian Brown Mary Anne and Judd J. Brown Richard Brown Roger Brown Wendell Brown Roseann Gothelf Brozinsky and Steven Brozinsky David Brozovsky Peter Brueggeman Ann and Charles Bruin Elizabeth L. Brummitt and Robert H. Mellott Jeff Brummitt Melinda and Bryan Bruns Natalie and Irving Buchalter Edward Buchanan Kathleen Bucher Cherie and Slader Buck Elizabeth Buckwalter Mark Bucon John David Bukry Bryan Bullard Martha and Theodore Bullock Michael Burgess Maggie and Brant Burington Kathy and Peter Burinskas George Burke Steven Burks Esther J. Burnham Roberta and Malin Burnham Ginny and David Burnight Helga Burreii-Sahl Cody Burton Helen Burton Kathy Burton Myrna and William Bussing Janis and John Butcher Bill Butler Grace Butler Suzanne and Hans and Butschun Robert A Buzzelli Kim and George A Cacioppo, Jr. Patty Cady Ben Cagle Vera and Fred Cake Kathleen Mary Callagy James Cameron Marilyn and John E. Cameron Markley Connell Cameron Betsy and James Campbell Constance and Keith Campbell Dorothy and Robert Campbell Gerald Campbell Glendon Campbell Yvonne Campos Harold Canavan Janell Cannon Ellen Caprio and Mike Gherrity Ted Caragozian Laura Carapellese Claire and Richard Carlyle Patricia and James Carmel Ken Carpenter Kristin and Jeffrey Carpenter Nadine S. and Edward Carson Marge and Frank Caruso J. Caruthers
79
•
Marjorie and Frederick Caserio MaryRuth and Charles Cox Alice Doyle Gabrielle Cassou Mahvash and Edward Cox Natalie and Patrick Doyle Paterno Castillo Cathryn Craft Carol Nelson Druyve·stelri and Jay Druyvestein Betty and Dan Caughlin E. Cramer Betty and Douglas Dubrul Elsie Cavanaugh Walter Crampton Steven Duff Katherine Hedstrom and Joseph Cermak Ill Clare and Loch Crane David Dunbar A. t Certik Karen Shieh man Crawford Christina and Leonard Duro John Chabina Kim Crisp Carol Durst Elizabeth and David Chamberlin T wila and Thomas Critchlow Alan Dusi Rebecca and John Chamberlain Stanley Cross Mark Easton Jill and Hank Chambers Alice Crosser Elisabeth Ecke Benjamin F. Chao Marian E. and Kim C. Crosser Margaret Eggers Rubie and Thomas Chapman Carol Ann and Thomas Crow Thomas Eggleton Roger Allan Chastain Grace and Willard Cudney .Mary Ehlers-Pearman and Simon Pearman Nicole A Chauche John Stewart Cullen Sanford Ehrmann David Checkley Julie and Paul Cunningham Robert Eichelberger Lanna Cheng and Ralph Lewin Mary Anne and Joseph Curray StevenS. Eilenberg and Marie Tartar Shirley Chervin Linda and Brian Curtice Patty and Richard Elk us Cecilia Cheung Laurence Curtis Laura and Scott S. Eller Rosemary Cheung Peggy Curtis-Martin Mary and Donn Ellerbrock The T !lrry Chicca Family Barbara Czescik Jim Elliott Guy Chisolm Francis Dahlen Edmund Ellis Peggy and Stanley Chodorow Joan and Ronald Dahlin Helen and Rick Emmerson Mary and Henri Chomeau Joan Dainer Art E. Engel Ruth Christian Bob D'Angelo Louise and VictorS. Engleman Gary Christiansen Linda and Paul Danninger Katie Engler SuChung John Darauche Janet and Thomas English Michelle Ciccarelli Joyce and William Daubert Richard Eppley Carey and James V. Cimino Constance and David Davidson Shirley and Martin Eramo Lauretta Cipra Bill Davis Anne Erdman Vfrglnia Cirica and Lawrence Goelman Leslie Davis Carolyn and Leif Erickson Mary and J, Dallas Clark Michelle and Bruce Davis Norman Ernst Peter B. Clark Phyllis and James Davis Sandra Ernst Virginia Clark Ruth F Davis Carol and Donald Estes Jackie L Clarke and Dennis Clayton Steve Davis William Estes, Jr. John Clayton Deborah Day Anne Evans Barbara and Joseph Cleary Linnea and Paul Dayton Cynthia Evans Kenneth Clewell Betty and Alex De Bakcsy John Everett William Clewes James De Lana Marc Ewing and Lisa Lee Bunny and Christian Clews Maude De Schauensee Judy and Donald Faas Ita and Warren Clifford Nancy and Kenneth Deeds Andrew Faber Mark Cocalis Patricia and Charles Deen William Fahy Bettie Cody David C. DeLaCour Pamela Fair and Glen J. Sullivan (Jregory Cody Rose and Billy Demos Carol and Randy Faith Davis Coghill Nancy and Theodore Demosthenes Dorothy Ann and Darrell Fanestil Florence Cohen Shannon and Michael Dempsey Vicky and Ronald Farkas George S. Cohen Earl Denton Kara and Daniel Farley Josepha Cohen Cynthia and Dominique Desmet Thomas Farrar Karen and Kenneth Cohen Robert DeVerell Beda Farrell Renee Cohen Jenny and Patrick Devitt Edward Farrell Ruth and Nathaniel Cohen Zeth and Joshua Devore Elsa and George Feher Holly Colavin Stephen Diamond Willis Fehlman Anne Coleman Claudio DiBacco Jane and Ronald Feldman Margaret and Lawrence Coleman Carol and Martin Dickinson Nancy Fenton Mary Lee ~;~nd Gary Coleman Margaret Diehl Donald Ferren Sharron and John Coleman Chris Dilg Jane and Thompson Fetter Elaine Collins Jill and John Dillard Michael Fiechtner Karen and Tom Collins Susan and Jack Dilustro Richard Fink Gina and Brian Conkle William Disher Barbara finn Lori and Mark Conlan Richard Disraeli Gerald Finnell Alan Conrad Marion and Frank Dixon Gordon Firestein Robert Conw11y Christie and Tom Dixson Joseph Fischer Teresa and Neil Cooper Joseph Dobias Frederick H. Fisher Vivienne Cassie Cooper Nancy Dodds Joan Fisher Andrew M. Cooperman Lorraine and Stephen Doering Patricia and Jack Fisher Berneice and Dempsey Copeland Josh Doheny Robert Fisher Helen K. Copley Carolyn and William Doherty David A Fitz Linda and Steven Copp William Michael Donato Stephen Fitzpatrick Joseph Corduan Richard Dooley Marie Fleischer
Bard Cosman Rosemary and Charles Doolin John Fleming Evelyn and Richard Cotton James Dorey Joyce Fleming Randi L Coulthard Margaret Dornish Landy and Jill Fleming
Pamela and Philippe Coo\lignt\u Julie Farr Dorobek and J. S. Dorobek II Barbara Fletcher Marjorie Covill Patricia and Glen Doughty Debra and Tim Fletcher
Peflny and Gary Cowell Philip Dawley Prue and Walter Flicker
so I
Dianne and Michael Hyat Doreen and David Hyde Dolores and Sam lacobellis Helene and Sam lacobellis Linda Nye and Guy Iannuzzi Jim ldell Shirley and Rudy Iglesias Bonita and Carl Inman Douglas Inman Kim and John Ireland MaryCarollsaacs Patricia and Hart Isaacs Kathy and Darrell E. lssa Christina and Gabrielle lvany Sumant lyer Gary Izumi Peter Jackal us Jessie Jackson Lizbeth and Robert Jackson Nora and Alan Jaffe Stephen James Daphne and James D. Jameson Khalid Jamil Jose Manuel Jasso Helen and Thomas Jenney Livier and Luis Jimenez Kathy Johns Paul Johnson and Yumiko Kato Donna and David Johnson Frieda and Jay Johnson Holly and Scott Johnson Mary and Gerald Johnson Robert Johnson Ruth Johnson Susan and James Johnston Eleanore and Galen Jones Houston Jones Patricia and Franklin Jones Bret Jorgensen and Susan Urquidi Florence and Myron Joseph Alisa and Robert Judge Nancy and Michael Kaehr Myrna Kahle Richard Kahler Pamela Kaires Cheryl and John Kampe Norval Kane Sharyn Kang Virgina and Arlen Kantor Charmaine and Maurice Kaplan Priscilla Karaman Nanette and David Karin Carmen and Kevin Kasner Kim Kastens Peter Katz Katherine and Julian Kaufman Dawn and Patrick W. Kearney Irene and Gary Keehner Louise and Charles Keeling Floriene Keener Denise and Keith Keeter Ceri Keith
82
Jennifer and Mark Kelley Joanne and Joe Kellogg Keith Kells Charles Kelly Patricia A Kelly Diane and Bill Keltner Judy Kendrick Flora and Wayne Kennedy Ellen Lehman and Charles F. Kennel Edythe and William Kenton Julie and Kern Kenyon Sue Ann and Steven Kern Steve Kester Robert Kieckhefer Gary Kiefer Elizabeth and Donald Kiel Roger Killam Janie Killermann Shirley and William Kimmich Jerry L. King Josephine and Stanley King Luly and James King Katharine and Roger Kingston Colleen and Terry Kinninger Robert Kintz Frances and Lowell Kinzer Karen and Matthew Kirby Eddie Kisfaludy Faye and James D. Kitchel Barbara and Neil A Kjos, Jr. Naomi Klahn Janet and Philip Klauber Kathy Klingensmith and Michael Reynolds Steven Knappenberger Carolynne and Hans Knickmann Louise and Raymond Knowles Dorothy and Robert Knox Sheri Ann Knox Noriya Kobayashi Mariette and Hans Kobrak Susan Koehler Denise and Lee Koerner Cindy Kohlmiller Min Koide Sandra Komenda Cathleen and Sam Konyn Larry Kope H. Kopperud Carol Kornfeld Patricia and Daniel Kowalski Frank Kramer Krant Family Trust Jane Kreis De Lares Krenz Marvin Krichman Inger and Kai Kristensen Sally and Norman Kroll Nancy and Robert Kronemyer Mary Ellen and Anthony Krut Kenneth Kustin Gina and Mike La Barbera Sharon and Joel Labovitz
Helen and Richard Labowe Scott LaFee Mark Laffoon Maria Kathy Lai and Ngai Chin Lai Stuart Laiken Amrum Lakritz Aruna Damany and Devendra Lal Eva Runnman Lamar and Michael Lamar Herve Lambert William Lamph Chris and Mike Landry Richard Lane Irene and Stanley A Lang Ronald Langacker Rose and John Langford Earl and Carolyn Lanter Francesca Ruiz De Luzuriaga and Ross Larkin Susan Larsen Elsie Larson Robert Larson Gabriele Laske Larry Latona Carol and George Lattimer Ella and Milton Lau Thomas Laurence Allison and Richard Laurie Gael Lauritzen Susan Leach Paul Leavesseur Kira Lebowitz-Oids Joy and Roy Ledford Cindy Lee Craig Lee Deanne Lee Kirstin Lee Theresa Lee Kathy Leech-McKinney and Bob McKinney Jacquelin Leisz Albert Leithold Richard Leonard Ruth and Ronald Leonardi Marie Lerose Carolyn Levin Carolyn and Jeffrey Levin Lisa Levin Richard Levine Christine and Cliff Levy Judy and Aaron Lewin Edward Lewis Frances and Raymond Lewis Nancy Lewis Russell Lewis Susan and Joseph Licastro Vance Licata Jan and Tom Licterman Vern Liermann Wayne Lill Janet and Carl Lind Eileen and William Lindquist Rebecca and John Lines Connie and Terry Lingren Particia Daly-Lipe and Steele Lipe
Cindy and Craig Little Lynn Little Norma and David Frank Little Kathy and Ken Lloyd
__B.@~!:[email protected]__ John and Laura Lofthus Thomas Lohner Michele Lolly Alessandra and Scott Long Lee and Dick Long Joseph LoPresti Doris Lord and John D. Wright Tracy Loughridge Leo Louis Dennis Loveless Lawrence Lovell Carl Lowenstein Mary Lowery Diane and James Lowman Susan Luberto Richard LuBoviski Mary and Dale Lucas Barbara and Ed Luce Cynthia Luchetti Michael Luedke Jean H. Lutzker Jeff Lyle Eric Mabry Sheila and John MacDougall Frieda Mace Suzanne Macoviak Tom Maddox and Randy Clark Thomas Mader Richard Madresh Melinda Magdalene Rafe Andrew Magee Cathy Magruder Laura and Mike Mahaney Eileen Maher Suzanne and William Malega Helen Mallet Russell Malmsbury Joy and Ronald M. Mankoff Barbara Mansdorfer Norma Louis and Arnold Mantyla Gerrie and Ernie Mares Richard Markley Ellen Marks Gretchen and Gary Marlette Susan and William Marshall Anne Marston Elisabeth and Kurt Marti Jean and Michael T. Martin Marie L. Martineau Joanne and Martin Marugg George Masek Sharon and Rich Masek Joseph Maskalenko Bristol and Donald Maslin Patricia Masters Clarence Masuo Margaret and William Masur Brenda and Ric Mathews Sue and James Mathews Penny and Peter Mathewson Francisca and Benjamin Matiella T etsuo Matsui Emilie and Maurice Matthews Keith Mautner
+
Colleen O'Leary Maxwell and Arthur Maxwell John Mazich Gloria and William McCaffrey
Anne and Andy McCammon Sherry and T. J, McCann, .Jr, Elizabeth Mccarthy Georgia and Jeff McCiemons Betty McCormack Anne McDewell Jack McDowell James McFarland Cheryl and Fred McFarlane Deborah and Donald McGill George McHugh Oyimne Mciver John McKay Kimberly and D. McKean Kat~; and Joe McKenzie Kris and James L. McMillan Patricia and Thomas McMillan Tom McMillan Wallace McOuat Leslie and John "Mac' A.McOuown Bob Mead Patricia and William Mean ley James Means Kasa and Ed Mele Olnd.y Melter Nancy Melucci Sabina Watlach and W. Kendalf Melville Gifford M. Menard Gerald Mendelson Matthew Mendenhall Robert Mendenhall Mary and Charles Meroinger Rose and Francisco Merino Beverly and Frederick Meyer Christina and Karsten Meyer Mathew Meyer Setty and John Meyers Mary Meyers and William Samuel Joanna Jensen and Robert Meyerson Anne Middleton Ken Mignosa Carol Miklos-Berly Herberta M. and John W Miles Krista! Miles Charles Miller Erik Miller Geoff Miller Jennie Miller Nancy Miller Stanley Miller Connie V Dowell and Stephen P. Miller Valeria and Paul Miller Barbara and Howard G. Milstein Phyllis and Stan Minick Carol Jean and Jean-Bernard Minster Cynthia and George P. Mitchell Kathy Mitchell William Mnatzakanian Marilyn and Russell Moll Martha Montanez Harle G. Montgomery Sandra and Paul Montrone Anna Lou and Seibert Moore + James Moore Marcia and JOhn Moore Martha and Stuart Moore Michele and Kenneth Moore Robert Moore Laurel and Grant Moorhead Sandy and Rudy Moraies Marilyn and Stephen Moran Virginia Moreno Jef#ey Morgan Judith B. Morgan and Neil Morgan Maria a.nd Michae!J; Morris
Vanessa and Michael Morrison Very! Mortenson Sara Moser Mary Mosson Judith Mostyn Lara Mouritzen Charles Mrdjenovich Heather and Jason Mubarak Constance Mullin David Mullin Stephen Mullin Karen Munger Judith and Walter H. Munk Theresa and Jeff Murdock Kim Murphy Paul Murphy Arthur Murray Gerald W. Murrie Deborah and Charles Myers Marjorie and Dale Myers William Myers Howard Naftalin Sepideh Nasri Notiyuki Nasu Rosanne and Keith Naunheim Eleanor and Je.rry Navarra Natalie and Stephen Neal lucy A Neale Paul Negulescu Annette and Brian Neill James Nelson Johanna and Robert Nelson Lollie and Bill Nelson Kristin Nelsonsick Andrew B. Newman Lynn and Andrew Newman Lynn and William Newman Sally Newman John Nichols William Nicol Victoria Niderost Caroline and Nicolas C. Nierenberg Edith Nierenberg Joan and Webb Nimick Karen Nishikawa Marjorie and Peter Nooteboom Tom Nordstrom Dorothy and William Normark Robert Norris James Novello Garrick Nugent Julie and Robert Nydam MaryO'Boyle Gayle L. and James D. O'Connell Nancy O'Connor Carolyn and John Odermatt Peggy Oechsle Martin Offenhauer Bob Ogden Mark Ohman HajimeOhno Ana and Raymond Olds Mary Margaret Olin Dennis Olson Lauren Olson Joan and John Oltman-Shay RodneyOrth Carol and Frederick Orton Jackie and William Osborn Gordon Osterstrom .Janet and Clyde Ostler Sabine Ottilie Joanne Overlease Mary Le.e and. Forrest Owen Evelyn and Thomas A. Page
83
CJa a ,:J'·"J a a a <J C) C) C) () C) C)
<J oa Ina a~~~·1. Page a a \J Terry Paik Susan and Fred Pakis Maria and Bob Palko Dadine and Dan Palmatier Jill and Chris Palmenberg + Barbara and Jim Palmer Cynthia and Michael Parente David Parker Jacqueline Parker Michael Parker Kevin Parra Dorothy Parsons Joan Parsons Timothy Parsons Cynthia and Michael Parti Carolyn S. Paschal Elizabeth Pascoe Nori and Scott Patrick Cathy Patsko Gretchen and Larry Paulson Nancy Pavlich Betty Peach-Tschfrgi Dianna and Charles Pearsall Jennifer and Michael Peccatiello Glenn Pelletier Laura and Anthony Pelletier Laurene and David Pena Paul Pendergast Julie and Kim Pendergraft Val and Jerome Pendzick Barbara and Nolan Penn Beverly and Stanford S. Penner Russ and Carol Penniman Mary Perez Christy and Christopher Perret George Peters Karl Peters lynn E. Gorguze and Scott H. Peters H. Petersen Nancy and Sidney Petersen Harry Peterson Joseph Peterson Martha Peterson Peggy Petschek Charle~ Pettis Rick and Nansy Phleger Cheryl Pia Lawrence Pickard Robert Pieper Sea and Glenn Pierce GiGi and Jeffrey Pincus Diane and Gary Pinhero Linda and Robert Pinkel Linda Pintare!l T onya Piwniczka Anne S. Plachta Val Plummer Nancy Podbielniak Joseph Pomento lawrence Pool Nancy and Thomas Porter Debbie Potts Joanne and Neil Powers Shirley and David Powers Richard Prantil Paul Prelitz Jennifer Preske Janet Akers-Preslan and William Preslan Peggy and Peter Preuss
84
Allison and Robert Price Mary and Robert Price Patricia Price Shannon and Craig Priest Margaret F. Pryatel Marilyn and Allen Puckett Cherrie and Gerry Pugeda Karen and David Pullman Kedar Pyatt Charlotte and Joseph Quicker Elizabeth and J. David Quilter Haruko Hayashi Quirk Frances and Charles Raab Robin Rady Susan Randerson John Rangel Helen Ranney John Rawls Priscilla and Enrique Rayon Marvin Read Ella and Jackson Reavis Ed Reich Susanne and Christopher Reich Robert Reichman Freda and Joseph Reid Marti and Todd Reis Robert and Niva Resner Robert Resner Ellen Revelle Kathy Klingensmith and Michael W Reynolds Mary and James Rhetta Mary B. Rheuben Kalpana and James S. Rhodes Ill Edwina and Roy Riblet Patrick Rice Ruth and Richard Rice Edward Richard James Richardson Katherine Richman VanDuyn Ridgway Steven Rigler Paul Riha Kathryn M. and David R. Ringrose Lillian and Donald Ritt Sharna Rirtmaster Connie Robbins Lynne and Howard Robbins Norman C. Roberts Nancy J. Robertson and Mark Cookingham Mark Robillard Charlie Robins Jeremiah B. Robins Linda Robinson and David Ault Stuart Robinson Donna and Henry Robles Anne and Jerome Rockwood Phil Rodgers David Rogers Diane Rogers-Ramachandran and
Vilauanur S. Ramachandran Gloria and William Rogers Mary Ann and Leonard Rogers Steven Rogers Diane Roland Dorothy and Milton Roll Debra and Hugh Rosen Jonathan Rosen Sarah and Oscar Rosen Helen and Milton Rosenberg David Rosenberger Glenda and Richard Rosenblatt Sue Rosner Eleanor Ross Judy Ross Matthew Ross
I
Kristi Piper Rossbacher and Michael Rossbacher Penny Rossi llan Rothmuller Daniel Ratto Cheryl Sawatzke Routh and Jerry D. Routh Regina and John Rowe Carolyn Roy Maurice Roy Colette and lvor Royston linda and Robert Ruane Daniel Rudolph Norman Rudolph John Ruffoni Beverly and William Rulon Scott Rumsey Marina and Stephen Russo Kris Rust Rosemary and John Rutherford Raymond Ruthven Peggy Ruzich Alfred Ryan Melinda Ryan Rebecca and Norman Ryan Sonya and Donald Ryan Leslie Allyn Rye Ira Sacks Val and Bob Sah Dora Saikhon Robert Sajdera Ellen and Gary Sakagawa Debbie and Wayne Sakarias Barbara Saltman Michael P. Sampson Julie and Philip Sanderson Joanne and George Sanford Sharin Sarfaty Judi and Jim Sarkisian Robert Sarver Maurice Sasson Gary Saterbak Karleen and Norman Sattler Allan Sauter John Savage Helen Saville Maria and Philip Sayles John Scavulli Stephen Schell Heather and Derek Schene Heather and Mark C. Scherer Kristen and John Schermerhorn Margaret Ann and Jeffrey Schiffman Jo and Wally Schirra Steven Schmid Carol Schmidt linda Gardner and Mark Schmidt Kurt Schmitt Kathy and Jack Schneider Margery and Gerald Schneider Nancy and William Schneider Cynthia and James Schoeneck Susan Irving Scholander Marc M. Schumacher Ma(sha and Howard Schutter Richard A Schwartzlose Walton Scott Christy and Edward W. Scripps Cindy Scripps Elia and Paul K. Scripps Jean W. Scripps Kathy and William H. Scripps Luise and Samuel Scripps Mariana and Robert Scripps Mary and Charles Edward Scripps Connie and Robert Scudder Jocelyn and Mark Seamans
Doris and Leonard Seegers Yaman Sencan Frann Setzer Jeffrey Severinghaus Barbara and Richard Seymour Ralph Shabetai Robert E. Shadwick Lisa R. Shaffer Elizabeth Shapiro Arlene and David Shaposhnick Robyn and David Sharp Joyce and Jerome Shaw Lynne Shaw Mary and Robert Shea Carolyn S. and Richard C. Shell Janette and Doug Shelton Mary Ann and John Shelton Brian Shepherd Diana Shepherd Julie and Dan Sherlock Bette and H. J. Sherman Jeffrey Sherman Marv Sherrill Lawrence Arnold Sherwin Neal Sherwood William Sherwood Maureen Shickler Donald and Darlene Shiley Betty N. and George G. Shor, Jr. Abraham Shrekenhamer Jia Shu V. DeWitt Shuck Caroly Shumway Peter Shusterman Darcy and Paul Siegel Sharon Siegener Kathleen and Eric Siemion Elisabeth and Edward Silva Martha Jordan and Eli Silver Michael Silverman Sidney Silverman lrza and William Simkins Linda Simkins Rachel and Melvin Simon Ronald Simon Deborah and Maurice E. Simpson Kimberly Simpson Ouerrey and Louis A Simpson Ruth Elizabeth and S. Jonathan Singer Roger Sippi Michael Sixtus Judith and Robert Skelton Marie and Carl Skoglund Jack and Patty Skogman Christine and F. Stanley Skowronski Julie and Robert A Skrdla Jeanne B. Sleeper Betty and Normand Slick Norma and Frank Slovak Gwen and John Smajdek Linda Small Audrey Viterbi and Daniel Smargon Edith and Kenneth Smargon Wendi and Mark Smeltzer Beverly and Vernon Smith Brenda Sue and David Smith David W Smith Harry Smith June Ebert Smith and Norman Smith Mary and Robert Smith Michele and Patrick Smith Patricia and David Smith Pete Smith Richard Smith Robin M. Smith and Patrick Perryman Sheila and Larry Smith
Shelley and Gary Smith Stephen Smith Dawn and Ron Smudz Patricia and Donald Smutz Dinky and Richard Snell Jack Snider Clay Snyder Irene and W A Snyder Dorothy Soeberg Gerry Soifer Faustina Solis Deborah and Maurits Solleveld Esther and Steven Solomon Kris and James Soon Beverly Soran Venus Soria Gina Sosinsky Jon Sowers Laura Spence Carmela and Stuart Spencer Fred Spiess Jackie and Lawrence Spitalny Tim Splinter Clark Springgate Christine and Fred Stalder Aaron Steele Collette and Robert Stefanko Eileen and Jack Steigerwald Betty and Melvyn Stein Jeffrey Stein Carol and John Steinitz Kerstin and Thomas Stempel John Stevens Sylvia Stevens Barbara Stevenson Ellen and Dennis Stewart Scott Stewart Bonnie and Michael Stinchcomb John Stinnett Frances and Daniel Stipe Mildred and Jack Stiverson Quentin Stokes Catherine and Edgar Stoll Ashley and Ryan Stone Dawn and David Stone Ronald E. Stoner Jan a and John Stoudemire Gwen Stoughton Victoria Strand Megumi and Richard Strathmann Elena and John Streb Sandy and James Strickland Helga Strong Bonnie and Alan Stueber Eleanor Tum Sud en Dianne and William Stumph Monica and Mark Sturhann Lynn Stuve Paul Styrt Sug ihara Family Eugene Sugita Paula and John Svoboda H. Swantz Sandra and Paul Szalinski Diane Saikhon Szekely Michael Szelazek Roman Szkopiec Robert Szymczak Lauren and Steve Tabor Sam Takahash i Jon Talbott Jennifer and Richard Tan Marta and Paul Tanaka Takashi Taniguchi Ross Tanner
85
Linda Tatro Lisa Tauxe and and Hubert Staudigel Genny and Willard Tayler Susan Taylor Allie and Olaf H. Tegner David Telford Patricia and Dan Tellep Arthur Teranishi Donna and Leon Thai Michael J. Thomas and John Kusters, Jr. Paul Thomas Paula and Randy Thomas Topper and Bill Thomas Alan Thompson Frances and Willard H. Thompson Victoria and E. Craig Thompson Frances and Bill Thompson Joe Thompson John Thompson Laura and Tony Thompson Rosie and John Thompson Gwen Tighe Donald Timms Frank Tirpak Lynn and Douglas Todd Patricia and Bill Todd Sheri and Harold T odus Willetta Tomlinson Jessica T oth Cynthia Town send Amy and Paul Townsley Katherine Trahanvosky Jacqueline Trischman Krystal and Frederick Tronboll Cathryn Troup Kim Bolivar Trouwborst Kazuko and Mizuko Tsuchiya Holli and Mark Tucker Richard Tullis Elizabeth and William Tulloch Nancy and John Turk Marie and Richard Tuthill Margarita and Kevin Tynes Irene Udelf Robert Ullman Harry Umlauf William Underwood Ruth A. Unterberg Annette and Jeff Usall Shinichi Uye Terry Uyeda Judith and Victor Vacquier Mihoko and Victor Vacquier Katherine and Mark Valentine Mary Valentine Elizabeth Van Den burgh R. Van de Wetering Carl Vanderford William Van Dorn Luke Vaughan El izabeth Venrick T$rry Vernon Richard Vetter Stephanie and Russell Vetter Eric and Suzanne Vigilia George Vojtko Cathy and Fred Vrabel Thad V'Soske Cindy Waasdorp Lisa Waggoner Lydia and John Waid Anthony Waldron Edwin Walker Harold Walker
86
Laura Walker Cindi and Bill Walkup Bee and Tom Wallace Ginger and Robert Wallace Jodi and Brian Wallace Allison and John Walsh Celia Walsh Todd Walter Christy and John Walton Nell and Thomas Waltz Jessica Wang-Rodriguez and George J. Rodriguez Donald Ward Gary Ward Bruce and Florence Warnock Diane Warren Rand Wasburn Erica Wasinger and Vipul Joshi Barbara and Henry Watkins Charlene Watson David Watson Kenneth Watson Joyce and William Watts Jennifer S. Wayne and Forrest E. Sloan Mary Wayne Harold Webber Stephanie Webber Wallace Weber Allen Weckerly Reinhold Weege Robert Weeks Sally-Ann Wegner Joy and Stephen Weiss Jane and Michael Welch Patricia Welch Lori and Sean Wells Elmer Werner Penelope and John West Madelin Martin Wexler Pat and Robert Whalen William Whaling James Whisenand Chester G. White, Jr. Gerrie White Jennie-Jo and Wayne White Marley White Martin White Peter White Michael Wicks Jennifer and George Widhopf Joan and Howard Wiener Betty Jean Wightman Pat and Don Wilkie Suzanne and Lawrance Wilkinson Benjamin Williams B. J. and Hal Williams Dana and Rhett Williams Elizabeth and James G. Williams, Ill Hayden Williams Joanne and Curtis Williams Marilyn and Gordon Williams Danielle and Malcolm Williamson Douglas Williamson Jan and Andrew Willis Jacqueline Avis and Ken Wills Carrie and Wayne Wilson Coyla and Curtis Wilson H. Wilson Pat Wilson Scott Wilson Susan and Ronald Wilson Virginia and James Wilson John Windes Winfrey Welch Elizabeth Winant Donna and Edwina Winter Joy and Frank Winter
Julie and Mike Wix David Wolf Nathan Wolfstein Cynthia and Timothy Wollaeger L. Wood John Wooley Clarissa and Warren Wooster Peter and Donna Worcester Jane and Peter Wright Sandra and Kenneth Wright Tom Wright William Wright JenniferWu Gayle and John Wuchenich EllisWyer Rui and Jianjun Xie Charles Yanke Tracy and Mychael Yawn Aristides Yayanos Linda and Linton Yee Alana and Bill Yerrick Andrew York and Paul Koenigsberg Paul Yoshioka Mildred and Robert Young Michelle Youngers Arsham D. Zakarian Kim Zeledon Carole and Michael Ziegler Lany and Alex Zikakis Georgianna and Bruno Zimm Eilene Zimmerman Grace Zimmerman William Zive Jeanne and Brad Zlotnick Jean S. ZoBel! Eric Zorrilla KrisZortman Lou Zulka
E. W. Scripps Associates
Pioneer Members Carol and Martin Dickinson Daphne and James D. Jameson Carol ine and Nicolas Nierenberg
Research Members Kalpana and James Rhodes Ill
Members Jolene and Walter Andersen Stella and James W. Backhaus Megan Bailiff and Warren 0. Curtis Barbara Beltaire John Berol Betty and J. Robert Beyster Cheryl Blum Nancy and Fred Borrelli Anne C. Taubman and David Boyle Sarah Livia Brightwood Sophie and Arthur Brody Mary Anne and Judd Brown Esther Burnham Roberta and Malin Burnham Helga Burreii-Sahl Robert Buzzelli Kim and George Cacioppo Marilyn and John Cameron Nadine and Edward Carson Carey and James Cimino Peter Clark Barbara and Joseph Cleary George S. Cohen Nancy Robertson and Mark Cookingham Helen K. Copley Marian and Kim Crosser
sa l
~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,------------------------------------------
Scripps engineers are pushing seismic monitoring to new limits of duration and
sensitivity. The LC2000L seismometer can record extremely low-wavelength Earth
movements. Housed in its recorder package (bottom), it can measure data for a year
or more.
Scripps has recently established a working site on the California Digital Library's
eScholarship Repository. Digital repositories are a new means of cataloging,
disseminating, and archiving digital documents. Scripps's site on the repository
provides the opportunity to publish technical reports at the institutional, divisional,
program, and individual principal investigator levels. The repository can also be
used for peer-reviewed series and on-line journals, as well as researcher contribu
tions, which are nolong_e Ji.sted in this se~.tion. __ ·~-~--~---·~~-----. --::
You can visit the eScholarship Repository (http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio) for
more information. Currently, the Scripps working site includes the following series:
Coastal Morphology Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Technical
Reports, SIO Reference Series, SIO Archives, and Center for Marine Biodiversity
and Conservation. Listed on the following pages are descriptions of the different types of Scripps publications.
Bulletin
The Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a peer-revi ewed series for lengthy, in-depth scientific papers written by Scripps scientists. For information about a list of volumes available, please write to the following address:
University of California Press 2120 Berkeley Way Berkeley CA 94 720
The most recent volumes are listed below.
v.29 Park, Taisoo. Taxonomy and distribution of the marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae. 1995. 203p.
v.30 Gruber, Nicolas and Charles D. Keeling. Seasonal carbon cycling in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. 1999. 96p.
v.31 Park, Taisoo. Taxonomy and distribution of the calanoid copepod family Heterorhabdidae. 2000. 280p.
CaiCOFI Publications
The work of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigat ions (CaiCOFI), in which Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Marine Fisheries Service cooperate, is published in a variety of formats. Peer-reviewed scientific articles are published annually in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports. Maps of physical, chemical,
climatological, and biological factors measured by CaiCOFI researchers during the program's 53-year history are published irregularly in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas series. Data reports, containing the processed data from quarterly cruises carried out under CaiCOFI sponsorship, were previously published in the SIO Reference Series and are available on the CaiCOFI Web site: www.calcofi .org. To obtain copies of any of these CaiCOFI publications, write to the following address:
University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography CaiCOFI Program 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0206 La Jolla CA 92093-0206
Naga Report Series
The Naga Report series covers the scientific results of marine investigat ions in the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand from 1959 through 1961. For a list of available reports and costs, please send inquiries to the following address:
University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Naga Reports 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0201 La Jolla CA 92093-0201
Publications for Members of the Scripps Oceanographic Society (SOS)
Members of the Scripps Oceanographic Society (SOS) receive two publications as a membership benefit. A quarterly newsletter, OnBoard, lists upcoming aquarium events and activities, features short articles highlighting exhibits and programs, and interprets the science that supports them. SOS members also receive Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations,
published quarterly including one expanded annual report edition and one video edition . For more information about how to join SOS and receive Explorations magazine, visit: http:/ /sio.ucsd.edu/ explorations.
Sea Grant Publications
The publications listed below can be obtained from the following address:
California Sea Grant College Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0232 La Jolla, CA 92093·0232 www-csgc.ucsd.edu
Reference Series
California Sea Grant Annual Report. Publication No. R-051. 2003.
California Sea Grant Program Directory 2004-2005. Publication No. R-052. 2004s.
Technical Series
Abbott, I. A., ed., and K. McDermid, co-ed. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds: With reference to some pacific species, Vol. B. 1999. Publication No. T-048. ($15)
Johnson, L. T., and J. A. Miller. What you need to know about nontoxic antifouling strategies for boats. 2002. Publication No. T-049.
McArdle, D. A. California marine protected areas: Past and present. 2002. Publication No. T-050.
McArdle, D. A., S. Hastings, and J. Ugoretz. California marine protected area update. 2003. Publication No. T-051.
Williams, E., and E. Grosholtz, eds. International Caulerpa taxifolia conference proceedings. 2002. Publication No. T-047. CD-ROM.
Technical Report Series
The Technical Report Series has replaced the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series. As before, the series includes data reports, preliminary research reports, historical reports, and contractual reports distributed primarily through government contracts. However, the series is now self-published through the Scripps working site of the California Digital Library's eScholarship Repository (http:/ /repositories.cd lib.org/sio).
Curr July 1, 2002-June 30 , 2003
FEDERAL FUNDS
National Science Foundation
Department of the Navy
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Department of Energy
Other Federal
Other Department of Defense
Federal Flowthru
Total Federal
OTHER
State
General Funds
Private
Endowments
University Funds
Other
Total Other
Total Expenditures
90
Financial programming has been modified to more accurately reflect expendi
tures within all divisions of Scripps. Previous programming captured shipboard
expenditures in both the Sales and Service (Other) areas as well as through the
sponsored projects that ultimately paid for ship time and shipboard technical
support. By eliminating this special treatment of activity in the ships ' clearing
funds, the Sales and Service (Other) fund area more accurately reflects actual
expenditures of income from business operations.
This statement does not purport to present all annual expenditures associated
with operating the institution. Many services provided by campus departments
outside of Scripps are not reflected in the annual expenditures of Scripps.
Examples of campus-provided services include building construction and
maintenance, parking lot and road maintenance, utilities, seawater utilities,
custodial services, landscaping and grounds maintenance, accounting, payroll ,
and personnel services.
Tom Collins DEPUTY DIRECTOR
PREVIOUS PROGRAMMING NEW PROGRAMMING
2002/03 o/a of TOTAL 2002/03 %of TOTAL
$3 7,009,94 7.31 23.93 $37,009,947.31 26.51
$15,152,038.25 9.80 $15,152,038.25 10.85
$17,430,160.75 11.27 $17,430,160.75 12.48
$6,782,089.45 4.39 $6,782,089.45 4.86
$2,457,826.90 1.59 $2,45 7,826.90 1.76
$3,687,629.13 2.38 $3,687,629.13 2.64
$1,152,347.67 0.75 $1,152,347.67 0.83
$2,2 78,481.49 1.47 $2,278,481.49 1.63
$85,950,5 20.95 55.58 $85,950,520.95 61.56
$3,424,697.50 2.21 $3,424,697.50 2.45
$22,820,093.05 14.76 $22,820,093.05 16.34
$5,919,641.13 3.83 $5,919,641.13 4.24
$1,555,580.71 1.01 $1,555,580.71 1.11
$2,946,237.70 1.91 $2,946,237.70 2.11
$32,032,080.48 20.71 $17,014,966.20 12.19
$68,698,330.5 7 44.42 $53,681,216.29 38.44
$154,648,851.52 100.00 $139,631,737.24 100.00
I I , I
I
I I
I
I
/
I
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY 2003 CE N SUS (TOTAL 1 , 814)
/ /
' ' ' ' \
\ \
' ' \
\
\ \
\
0--r------I ______ .J_-o
\
\ \
\
\
\
' \ \
' \
' ' ' '
VOLUNTEERS AND VISITING SCHOLARS 4?6 •
PROFESSORS 9?
RESEARCHERS 93
OTHER ACADEMICS 191
ENGINEERS/TECHNICIANS 104 •
/
• 114 MARINE SUPPORT
151 SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT
/ /
/
/
I
I
106 COMPUTER/ PUBLICATIONS/SPECIALISTS
• 128 SCIENTIFIC ADMINISTRATION
34 CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION
• 99 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT STAFF
• 221 GRADUATE STUDENTS
91
I
-Organizational chart and listings reflect institution structure at time of publication
ASSISTANT DEPUTY DIRECTOR,
ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS
Doug Bennett ---,.--
,----~
I ACTING CHANCELLOR I Marsha Chandler
VICE CHANCELLOR, MARINE SCIENCES
DIRECTOR, SCRIPPS INSTlTUTI~ OF'OCEAN GRAPHY
Char~ F. Kennel
BIRCH AQUARIUM AT SCRIPPS ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS & ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR,
MARINE SCIENCES
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OF DEVELOPMENT
EDUCATIONAL AFFAJ~
Nigella Hillgarth John Evey
Tom Collins
I SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM I Russ Moll
ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR,
MARINE;. SCIENCES &,
SCRIPP$-GFi.TI:
DEPARTME T CHAIR
Mryl C. Hendershott
VICE CHAJ~AND
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
COORDINA'I1
Lisa Tauxe
I I CURRICULAR GROUP COORDINATOR~
Applied Ocean Science Robert Pinkel
Biological Oceanography Paul Dayton
Climate Science Ralph Keeling
Geosciences Jeff Gee
Geophysics Catherine Constable
Marine Biology
Robert G. Shadwick
RECTOR, GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
Kathleen E. Ritzman
Suzanne Lawrence
DIRECTOR, POLICY PROGRAMS & ~TERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Lisa R. Shaffer
ASSOCIATE VICE CHANCELLOR
FOR MARINE SCIENCES
John A. Orcutt
Center for Atmospheric Sciences Veerabhadran Ramanathan
SHIP OPERATIONS
AND MARINE
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Robert A. Knox
Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine
William ri: ~nical :Climate Research ·'Qivisi6n Da.nrel R. Cayan -·
Geosciences Research Division Steven C. Cande
Cecil H. and Ida M, Green Institute of Geophysics & Planetarf Physics Robert L. Parkef
Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
Andrew Dickson
Integrative Oceanography Division Elizabeth Venrick and Robert Guz!l
Marine Biology Research Division
Ron Burton
92
Physical Oceanography
Dan Rudnick Marine Physical Laboratory
William A. Kuperman
Physical Oceanography Research Division Bruce D. Cornuelle
Center for Marine Biodiversity & Conservation Nancy Knowlton
Center for Marine Genomics
Terry Gaasterland
Center for Observations, Modeling, and Prediction at Scripps Masao Kanamitsu (interim)
Acting Chancellor Marsha Chandler
Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vice Chancellor & Dean, Marine Sciences Charles F. Kennel
Deputy Director, Scientific Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences John A Orcutt
Deputy Director, Educational Affairs, Chair of the Scripps Graduate Department, & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences Myrl C. Hendershott
Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences Tom Collins
Director, Academic Personnel C. Gail Andres
Assistant Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs Doug Bennett
Executive Director, Birch Aquarium at Scripps Nigella Hillgarth
Associate Director, Ship Operations & Marine Technical Support Robert A Knox
State Government Relations Suzanne Lawrence
Director, Government Relations Kathleen E. Ritzman
Director, Policy Programs & International Relations Lisa R. Shaffer
Associate Dean of Marine Sciences Ray F. Weiss
Scientific Affairs Deputy Director John A. Orcutt
Research Divisions, Cen ers, Institutes, Laboratories, and S clal Programs
Center for Atmos hE!tio Sciences Veerabhadran Ramanathan
C~nter for Clouds, Chemistry, & Climate Veerabhadran ~ana than
Center for Marine Biodiversity & Conservation Nancy Knowlton
Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine William H Fenlcal
Center for Marine Genomics {erry Gaasterland
Center for Observations, Modeling, & Prediction at Scripps Masao Kanamitsu (interim)
Climate Research Division Daniel R. Cayan
Geosciences Research Division Steven C. Cande
Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics Robert L. Parker
Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Piiion Flat Observatory Frank K. Wyatt
Integrative Oceanography Division Elizabeth Venrick and Robert Guza
Joint Center for Observational Systems Science Francisco P. J. Valero
Joint Institute for Marine Observations Peter Niiler
Marine Biology Research Division Ron Burton
Marine Physical Laboratory William A. Kuperman
~s c r i p p s
Neurob.iO'Iogy Unit Affinity Group Theo • tt sutlhck
Physiclil Oceanography Research Division Bruce D. CQJD.~lle
Sea Grant-Qqnege Pnogranf Russ Moll . · ·'
Graduate Department Chair Mryl C. Hendershott
Vice Chair Undergraduate Earth SCi~nces Program Coordinator Lisa Tauxe
Curricul r Group Coordinators
Applied Ocean Science Robert Pinkel
Biological Oceanography Paul Dayton
Climate Sciences Christopher D. Char les
Geological Sciences Steven C. Cande
Geophysics Catherine Constable
Marine Biology Robert G. Shadwick
Marine Chemistry & Geochemi8tr}i Andrew G. DicksoM
Physical Oceanography Dan Rudnick
Administrative-Affairs Deputy Director TomColli!it
Assistant Deputy Director
~_ug Bennett
Administration
Budget Analysis, ~terns & Policy Mindy A. Ryan
Business Officers Birch At{'uarium at Scripps
_:J~s Burns, Jr.
Geosciences Research Division Anne Cressey
Integrative Oceanography Division; Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine; and Marine Biology Research Division Jennifer Davis
Marine Facility Joan Durkin
Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics Wayne Farquharson
Center for Clouds, Chemistry, & Climate; Center for Atmospheric Sciences; Climate Research Division; California Space Institute; Physical Oceanography Research Division Dennis Girardot
California Sea Grant Roslyn Johnson
Joint Institute for Marine Observations and Marine Physical Laboratory Pat Jordan
Graduate Office Alice Zheng
Contracts & Grants Nancy A. F. Wilson
Director's O ffice Business Office & Financial Operations Ruth M. Meehl
Organization
Facilities & Safety Ron P. Van Boxtel
Space & Capital Programs Camilla L. Ingram
UCSD Branch Units at Scripps
Archives Deborah C. Day
Communications Cindy L. Clark
Development John Evey
Library Peter L. Brueggeman
Purchasing Robert Beiner
Support Units
Administrative Computing & Networking Mick B. Laver
Carpenter Shop James M. Reeder
Diving Officer Wayne D. Pawelek
Marine Science Development Shop Ken Duff
Multimedia Group-Graphic Arts, Photography, & Video Production Chuck Colgan
Special Events Jill C. Hammons
Web Wayne Suiter
Ship Operations 8c Marine Technical Support Associate Director Robert A. Knox
Scientific Collections
Benthic Invertebrates William A. Newman
Cored Sediments & Dredged Rocks Richard Norris
Marine Vertebrates Philip A. Hastings
Pelagic Invertebrates Mark D. Ohman
Ship Operations and Marine Technical Support
Nimitz Marine Facility Thomas S. Althouse
Shipboard Technical Support Services Scientific Adviser James H. Swift
Manager Woody C. Sutherland
Resident Technician Robert C. Wilson
Shipboard Computer Group Ronald L Moe
Geophysical Technician Lee Ellett
Oceanographic Data Facility James H. Swift
Geological Data Center Stuart M. Smith
93
o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0
o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0
o 0 o o a 0 0 0
Josie Dyas • FEBRUARY 2003
Josie Dyas was a "foster parent" to the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP)
wave buoy in Grays Harbor, Washington. She cared for the buoy, contacted new vessels in the area to warn them of the buoy's position, and arranged for repairs
and maintenance to the buoy and to the
monitoring equipment that was in her home
al l helping contribute to the success of CDIP. Dyas also was involved in the Coast
Guard Auxiliary, maintaining nightly vigils
at her station.
Edith Namias · FEBRUARY 2003
Ed ith Namias was the widow of Jerome Namias, a central figure in meteorology and cl imatology, who worked at Scripps from 1972 to 1997. His experimental fore
casts of aggregated nationwide weather
were vital to building an active U.S. extended
range prediction program. Mrs. Namias died
on the exact date that her husband passed
away in 1997. She was an accomplished arti st, teaching and maintaining her own art studio, and exhibiting in San Diego
area galleries.
Theodore John Walker • FEBRUARY 2003
Theodore Walker, a leading authority on
the California gray whale, was a Scripps oce an ographer from 1948 to 1969. A
behaviorist who studied fish and their orientation to their environment, Walker
cond ucted extensive studies on whales and kept photographic and written records of the annual migration of gray whales to Baja California. He also studied the sensory orientation of fish.
Harmon Craig · MARCH 2003
!Scripps geochemist Harmon Craig spent 4 7 years at Scripps and became recognized around the world for his global investigations of the earth's chemical properties. Craig led scientific expeditions
to such remote spots as Tibet, Polynesia, and the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, searching for elusive gases and rocks. He collected hydrothermal fluids 3,700 meters
(12,000 feet) deep in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench and studied the crater of Loihi , an active underwater volcano off
Hawaii. In 1998, Craig received the Balzan Prize-the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for earth science. He was listed among the top earth scientists in the world in the 2002 book, A to Z of Earth Scientists.
0
Cecil H. Green • APRIL 2003
Cecil H. Green was a longtime scientific
colleague and benefactor to Scripps, as well as a major philanthropist to universities and organizations around the world. Among
numerous gifts from Green and his wife to
the institution were endowments for the
Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute for
Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP)
at Scripps and the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Pinon Flat Geophysical Observatory, as well as funding for construction of the
IGPP Revelle Laboratory and the Scripps Crossing bridge. In 1972 he created the
Green Scholar program, which has funded more than 120 scholars at Scripps
thus far. Green was cofounder of Texas
Instruments, Inc.
Richard Greenbaum • APRIL 2003
Richard Greenbaum was an oceanographer at Scripps, as well as at Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University and various oceanographic consu lting companies. He founded his own company, Applied Oceanographics, before returnin g to Scripps as business officer for the Marine Life Research G roup and Institute of
Marine Resources. He retired in 1981
and made his home in South Lake Tahoe, where he was an avid skier.
Arthur Flechsig • MAY 2003
Marine ecologist Arthur Flechsig began pursuing graduate studies at Scripps in 1953 and became a Scripps employee in 1959. He spent a great deal of time at sea
and on undersea projects, and was an aquanaut in the 1965 project, SeaLab II, off the La Jolla coast, which monitored
human responses to extended periods on the seafloor. He later took part in the Hydrolab undersea habitat project off Grand Bahama Is land. From 1975 to 1984, he served as a marine advisor for the University of California Cooperative Extension.
0 0 0
0 0 0
Elaine Brooks • JULY 2003
Elaine Brooks came to Scripps in 1962
as a biolog ical oceanography student and stayed as a researcher for the following 20
years, working closely with Scripps scientist Michael Mullin. She and Mullin devel
oped techniques for rearing zooplankton
in the laborato ry and studying them to evaluate pelagic secon dary produ cti on.
After leaving Scripps she stayed closely connected to the institution , involving Scripps scientists in her efforts to prevent
wasteful spending on tertiary sewage
treatment by the city of San Diego. She taught biology at several area colleges and
developed a teaching program in urban ecology that received national attention.
Robert Oversmith ·JULY 2003
An avid scuba diver and fisherman, Robert Oversmith founded his own company, Ocean Dynamics, in the 1960s and invented a patented one-man submarine. He later joined Scripps as a consultant on a variety of sea-related engineering projects. While at Scripps, Oversmith devised a towing tank with a wave machine to test the sea
worthiness of scale models of ships.
Bill Higgins · OCTOBER 2003
Bi ll Higgins was system administrator for the C l imate Computing Facility at the Climate Research Division. He was an avid scuba diver and a certified dive master, and taught several Scripps colleagues to dive. He also was a popular volunteer at
the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, where he would dive in the kelp tank and feed the
fish while speaking to watching visitors.
95