Research - International Atomic Energy Agency

Research Report No. 5

WOLLONGONG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

Research

of ike

Wollongong, Xlniversiiy College

1970

JANUAHY, 1971

WOLLONGONG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

RESEARCH REPORT

FOREWORD

With January 1, 1975 announced as the date on which the

College will become autonomous there has been considerable growth

in senior administrative and library staff. No new Chairs haveA.

been established since 1969 but it is hoped that a supplementary

* grant will be made to the College by the State Government so that

before autonomy all established departments will be headed by a

Professor.

In co-operation with the Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology

a weather station has been established on the compus. Routine

observations commenced September 2, 1970 and it is intended that

investigations will be undertaken on various aspects of local

weather conditions. This is a joint project involving staff from

the Departments of Mathematics and Mechanical, Civil and Mining

Engineering.

A number of research projects attracted financial support.

Grants and donations received during 1970 were:$

1. A.R.G.C. - Substituent Effects in Acid Ionisation

Processes. (Dr. P. Bolton, Dr. F. Hall) 800

2. A.R.G.C. - Determination of Plant Dynamics using

Pseudo Random Test Signals. (A/Prof. A. Roberts,

Mr. W. Charlton) 5500

3. A.R.G.C. - Science Religion and the Enlightnment :

...,A A Comparative Study of Eighteenth Cen&ury French

$ ~ and English Thought. (Dr. C. Kiernan) 900

4. Illawarra Regional Development Committee -

Social and Economic Development of the Illawarra

Region. (Profeaaor K. Blakey) 2000

5. Wheat Industry Research Council - Bulk Handling

of Granular Materials. (A/Prof. Roberts and

Dr. P, Arnold) 3500

6. State Planning Authority of N.S.W. - Residential

Patterns Structure and Post War Growth on the

Illawarra Corridor. (Dr. R* Robinson) 1000

7. Electrical Research Board Grant - Electromechanical

Energy Converters. (Professor B. Smith) 830

8. Water Research Foundation of Australia - An

Engineering Investigation of the Irrigation Potential

of Esturine Flats. (Professor C.A.M.Gray and

Dr. R. Wheway) 1000

9. Water Research Foundation of Australia - Improvement

of Flocculation and Settlement of Insoluble Materials

in Process Water. (Professor C.A.M. Gray and

Dr. R. Wheway) 1000

10. Antl Leukaemia Research (A/Prof. E. Gellert) 200

11. Social Science Research Council Grant - Pressure of

the Cattle Population In India. (Dr. E. Dayal) 600

12. National Coal Research Advisory Committee - Electrostatic

Precipitation of High Resistivity Fly Ash.

(Mr. 0, Tassicker) 4000

13. John Lysaght (Australia) Limited - Bulge Te«tat

(Professor G. Brinson) 1650

22980

C.A.M. GrayWarden

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DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCE

Acting Head of Division! Associate Professor- B* Gellert,

Dr.Phil. (BaBle), F.R.A.C.I.

ACADEMIC STAFF

Department of Chemistry

Professor

B. Halpern, B.Sc. (Syd), DIC (Imperial College London),

Ph.D. (Lond.)t A.R.A.C.I., Member of New York

Aoadmy of Saienoe (commenced September 1970)

Associate ProfessorE. Gellert, Dr.Phil* (Basle), F.R.AtC.I.

Senior Lecturers

P.O. BoZtcrr, 5.So, (Exeter), Ph.D, (Land.), A.R.I.C,

A.R, A.C.I.

F.M. Hall, M.Sc. A.S.T.C., A.R.A.C.I. Ph.D. (N.S.W.)

Lecturers

J. Ellis, B.Sc, (Syd.), Ph.D. (N.S.W.), A.R.A.C.I.

W.K. Harmont M.Sc. (Syd.)

E. Kokot, B.Sc, Ph.D., A.S.T.C., A+R.A.C.I.

G.M. ModkUr, B.Sc, Ph.D. (N.S.W.) A.R.A.C.I.

Senior Tutors

R. RudMat8, M.Sc., A.S.T.C., A.R.A.C.I., A.R.I.C.

D.J. Campbell, B.Sc., Dip.Bd. (fas.) (General Biology)

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HIGHER DEGREE TOPICS


Doator of Philosophy

Phenmthroindolisidinee end related compounds.(B. Chcnnay - enrolled 196?) (awarded 1970)

Magnetic Studies of Transition Metal Complex Compounds.(G.J. Hamilton - enrolled 1967) (awarded 1970)

Substituent Effects on the Thermodyncnio Functions ofProton lonimation of Aniliniun Ions.

(F.H. Hall - enrolled 1966) (Title changed 1969)(awarded 1970)

Catatytio VeuUrim Exchange Reaction* Between AZkylbtntenee.(W,K* Raman - enrolled 1966)

Hydrolysis of Amides.(G.L. Jackson - enrolled 196?) (aaarebd 1970)

Speotrosoopio Studies of Molecular Interaction in Solution.(1.^ Beeoe - enrolled 196S) (cuarded 1970)

The Constituents of Boletus Species.(R% Rudmts - enrolled 1969)

AZkaloidal Constituents of Australian Plants.(R.E. Symone - enrolled 1969)

Physiological Aspects of Acoustic Behaviour in Crickets.(D.J. Otmpbell - registration transferred from M.So. to

Ph.D. effective from 2nd tern 1966)

Hydrolysis of Amides«?..»>. Frier - enrolled 19W

0

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Master of Scienoe

St&etttuent Effects on Chemical Reactivity*(KA. Fleming - enrolled 196?)

Thermodynanio Fittotions of lonisation Processes.(J. Kudryneki » enrolled 1968)

Hydrolysis of Esters.(K.J. McCarthy - enrolled 196?)

SvbsHtmnt Effects in the Hydfotysis of Amides.(P. Neotoarrow - enrolled 196S)

Hydrolysis of Amides.

(J.D. Hess - enrolled 1968)

The Chemioal and Magnetic Properties of Some Transition

Metal Complexes.(G.L. Sefton - enrolled 1969)

Constituents of Plants of the Family Aselepiadaceae.(A.G. Duff- enrolled 1970)

An Investigation of the Infra Red Spectra of Some

Transition Metal Sohiff Base Complexes.(P. Gluvahineky - enrolled 1970)

Preparation of Isotopioally Labelled Organic NitrogenousCompomds

(J. Robson - enrolled 1970)

DesuiphuriMation of ftiiooarbonyl Compounds.

(R.A. Sdhibeoi - enrolled 1970)

A Physioo-Chemical Investigation of some Transition

Metal Complexes.

(G,A. Ryder - enrolled 1968)

o

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STAFF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES


1, Natural Products: This fteld* which incorporates phytoohemioalinvestigations in conjunction with the Australian PhytodhemioalSurvey end is helped by C,S,I,R,O, with plant collections* isaonaerned with the isolation of physiologically end >pharmacologically active constituents,

Tyloorebrinea an alkaloid isolated fromthe 9orth Queensland plant, Tulovhora orebriftora* showspromising antiteukaemia activity, A New Guinea Boletus * amushroom species t is also of particular interest became itaffects the human brain but the action observed is notidentical with tfcofc of mesoaline, LSD 35, or psiloaybine.

2, Synthetic Organic Chemistryi The synthesis of ftwianthvoindo-liMidines, DiphenylpiperidCnes and related material and theexploration of their antitumna* activity is activelypursued in conjunction with efforts to correlate chemicalstructure with physiological activity,

S, Fhusioal-oraanio Chemistry: (a) Kinetic studies of theacidic and alkaline hydrolysis of several series ofaliphatic amides and oilho-wi&stituted aryl esters havebeen made* Various linear free <mergy relationships arebeing used to assess the influence of substituents uponthe rates* activation energies and entropies of thesereactions.

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(b) Hhermodynanio acidityconstants of a wide range of substituted phenols* aniliniunions and bennoic adds have been measured by a apeotro-photometrio technique over a range of temperature, andvalues of the enthalpy and entropy of these ioniuationprooeBses computed. These valves are also being assessedin terms of linear free energy relationships and certainmolecular orbital calculations.

(c) Reaction mechanisms forthe deautphuriaation of organic sulphur compounds. Theaeaulphuriaation of thiomidts by heavy metal salta isbeing studies by apectroaoopio methods,

4, Chemistry of organic sulphur oompowtds: The dhemiatry andphotochemistry of thionoesters and other organic sulphurcompounds is being studies and their use as Intermediatesin organic synthesis is being examined,

5. Magneto- and Coordination Chemistry; (a) The antiferromagnetioexchange demcqnetiaation of complexes of divalent copper withSahiff'a bases and with certain nitrogen heteroayalio oompomdeis inveatigated, Tenperature variation studies of themagnetic susceptibility of these new complexes indicatethat the demagnetization observed is the reault of exchangeinteractions between either two or a large number of para-magnetic centres. Structures consistent with such magneticbehaviour have been postulated for all oowplexea inveatigatedand the programs ia now extended to other complexese.g. to some transition metal complexes of nitrogenous,oxygenous and sulphurous polydentate Uganda,

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(b) Spectra and themagnetic properties of firet rota transition metal oomplexeawith (i) quadridentate oxygen donor Uganda: (ii) SdhiffBase Uganda: and (iii) substituted pyridine Uganda: arebeing investigated,

6, Catalytic Exchange Prooesses: Investigation into relativeactivities of Group 8 transition metals as heterogeneouscatalysts in isotopic exchange reactions of a range ofaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy water being used as a sourceof deuteriwi. The aim is to investigate the mechanism ofexchange reactions and in particular to test the worth ofthe IT complex absorption

7. Analytical Chemistry: (a) The determination of theconfiguration of asymmetric compounds by gas dhromatographyof Diastereoisomers is being studied*

(b) The use of gas chronatographyin the screening for phenytketonuria in a new bornpopulation is being studied*

8* Btusiology of Crickets: Techniques were developed for thetooation of eridhets in the field and for the investigationof their singing behaviour. The analysis of the activityof natural populations of crickets is now ev.aanded tostudies under controlled laboratory conditions.

PUBLICATIONS


1, Alkaloids of ike Genus Cinnamomm* II. The Alkaloids ofthe Bark of Cbmamomm ep» T.G.H, 11077,ff» Gellert and R*B. Summons.Aust, J. Chern., 1970, 23, 2095.

The mayor alkaloids of 1to bark of Cimmcmm sp, T,G,P,1307? have been identified as the bennylisoqtdnolines(+)-!- (4l'hydroaybenMyl)"6, 7-me1hylenediotty-l,2,3,4,-tetrahydroisoquinoline (noroimamolaurine), (-)-oimcmolatcrine, (+)-r*tioulinei and the apoxphine(+)-oovydine* The structure of norcimanolaurine, anew alkaloid* was elucidated by n*m,r, and massspeetroBoopy and was confirmed by conversion intooimamolaurine and by synthesis of it racemate. O,r,d,spectra indicate that boOh (-)-oimanolaurina and(+)-noroinncnolat<rine belong to the Ihseries ofbennylisoqwnoline alkaloids,

2, Synthesis of Phenanthroidolinidines. II, The Synthesis ofM'Tyloarebrine, (+)-Tylophorine, (±)-Antofine and (±)-2a

3-ltimthoavphenmthroindoli*idine»B, Chouney and B. Gellert,Ami, J. Chm.* 1970, 23, 2*03.

A new synthesis of the raosmic forms of thephenan&troindoliuidine alkaloidst tytoorebrine,tylphorine and onto fine, togeifrer with the previouslyunknown 2,3-dimthosyphenm1kroindoli9idine, isdescribed. Some features of the n.m.r, spectra ofthe final products and certain of the synthetic inter-mediates are discussed.

I8/

3. Non-Empirical Calculation of Thermodynanic Filiations fromEquilibrium Data*P.D. Bolton.J. Chem. Eduoationj, 1970, 47, €38.

A review and evaluation of -the various mathematicalprocedures which may be used to calculate enthalpyvalues from measurements of equilibrium oonstcntsover a range of temperature. A new computer-orientedtechnique is discussed and tables of nunerioal valuesare given which enrible the new technique to be used ina simplified form.

4. Additive Svbstitumt Effects on the Thermodynamio Functionsof Proton Ionixation Promises* Part II, StS-DisubsHtut*dAniliniun Ions.P. D. Bolton and F.M* Hall.J. Chem. Soe. <B)> l$70, 1247.

fhermodyncmio acidity constants of 3,5-dunethylaniliHiun,StS-dvKsthosycniliniun, StS-diohloxomilinitin, 3tS-dibromo-cnilinitm* itS-di-iodomiliniuto, and 3,S-dinitroaniliniunions have been measured spectrophotometrioally wiUhin -thetemperature range 5-60*C and the standard enthalpies andentropies of proton ioniaation have been calculated. Theseresults in aonjmotion witfi others measured previouslyindicate ihab for -this reaction series sxbstitumt effectson both the fires energies and the enthalpies of protonionization are precisely additive. A general hypothesisfor additivity in such systems is formulated and theresults are discussed in terms of Bepler's dichotomy ofthennoctonanie futations into internal and externalcomponents.

r O -

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S* Additive Substituent Effects on the Thermodynanic Functionsof Proton Imitation Processes* Part III* Phenols withAdjacent Methyl and Chloro-Substituents*P. & Bolton, *T* Ellis end F.M* HalUJ» Chemt, Soo* (B)* 1970, 1252.

Thermodynamic acidity constants of 4-ohloro 3-methylphenolt

4-ohloro-3*S-dimihylphenolt 3*4-didhlorophenol, and 3t4t

S-tridklorophenol have been measured epectrophotometricallywithin the temperature range S-$O*C and 1he standardenthalpies end entropies of proton imitation have beencalculated* The results are discussed in terms of -diegeneral additivity hypothesis previously formulated endwith reference to earlier studies of additive substituent*ff*ots.

6, Sterio Hindrcnoe and Acidity, Part 4 - Thermodynamics ofihe Icniuation of Phenols in Methanol*P.2>« Bolton, C.H. Rochester end B. RossalUTrans, Faraday Soo*> 1B70* 66, 1348*

Some earlier pKa results for fourteen phenols in methanolas a function of temperature have been fitted to theClarke and Clew equations* Values of Aff*, Aff*, AS* andAC * are reported fbr ihe ionixation of the phenols.

7* Consistency of the Indicator Overlap Method with LinearFree Energy-Enthalpy Correlations.P*D. Bolton, CD* Johnson* A*R. Katritnky, and S.A. Shapiro**T, American Cham* Soo,, 1970, 98, 1567.

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Previously established thermodynamic parameters forthe imitation of weakly basic gmitroanilines obtainedby the overlap method have been shoot to follow thesane linear free-energy-enthalpy correlation governingionieation of strongly basic members of the series,

8, Additive St&stituent Effects on the Proton Ionization ofAromatic Adda,P,D. Bolton, J. Ellis and F,N, Hall,The Chemical Society Avtum Meeting 1969* Abstracts of Papers(PiJbl. by ihe Chemical Society, London, 1969). Paper A32,

A new tfieory concerning the additivity of avbatituenteffects on the themodynanio fmoHone of chemicalreaction* of multiply-ai&stituUd aromatic moUouUava$ preeented* This was suooattfully applied to theresult* of torn recant etudte9 of the thermodyncmioftnotione of ionination of 9om polyavbatituted phenolaand milinim ione end shown to throw meful light on thenatvte of sterio interactiona of subatituenta farremoved from tihe reaction centre,

9* Extractives of Axmtralian Timbere. X* Autorldation andOther Beactione of tfc* Cbnjvgated Sida-Chain of JSbelinLaoicne. leolation of a New Iaamr of Sbelin Laatcnei?. 4. Eade, / . Ellie, J*S. Shannon, fl.V. Simee andJ.J.R. Simea.Awt. J, Chem.* 1970, 23, 208S.

The Gsnjugated triene aide-chain of ebelin laetone hoebeen degraded in a etepwise manner veing oemim tetroxide.A new iecmar of ebeline laetone hem been ieolated from

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the scpogenin mixture and has been assigned the structurein which the 2$(26) doxble bond has the aU_ configuration.Autoxidation of ebelin laotone in the solid state yieldsa mixture from which three compoinds have been isolatedand identified; all three arise from oxidation of theside-chain at the terminal dottle bond and methyl grows*

10, Magnetic Behaviour of Bivalent Copper Complexes of SomeTridentate Sdhiff Bases,K, Ison and B, Kokot,AuBt, J. Chem.* 1970* 28, 661*

The magnetic susceptibilities in the temperature range9Q-400*K are reported for copper (II) complexes of thegeneral formula Cut, vherm L is a tridantate Sahiffbate. The magnetic behaviour of sane of the complexesis interpreted in Urns of pairwise cntif*rromagnetiointeraction end of other* in terms of linear cnti-ferromagneHm involving infinite chains of copper atoms,

11. Cobalt (II) end Mokal (II) Complexes of Atka-** u-DiylDUalioylates,G,N. Mockler end P.M. Geoghegm.Ami. J. Ckem,M 1970, 23, 1891,

Hdksl (II) md Cobalt (II) aanpUxss of the type MLand MLB^ ham been prepared vhers LH^ is a potentiallyquadridmtate « w disaliaylate ligend end B is pyridine,isoqvinoline and voter. Spectral and magnetic mea»uve~msnts indicate that the complex** are high spin with anoetchedral, tetragonal or square planar environment.The cample*** earn either dimeric or polymeric with theligend* acting cm bridging bidentates.

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12. Fluorescent Labelling of Psyohoactive Drugs.

I.S. Forrest, L.G. Brooks, S.D. Rose, V.A. Bacon, J. Sitberg

and B. Halpern.

ie% 19?0> U, 127,

The preaenoe of drug metabolites in tissues and

biologioal fluids oan be eftcWMj by a reaction with

Dansyl chloride followed by a fluorimetric measurement*

13. A Computer Operated Mass Spectrometer System.

If. Reynolds* B. Halpern, R.B. Tucker9 V.A. Bacon,

T*C. Coburn9 E. Steed, J.C. Bridges md J* Lederberg*

Anal. 0iem.3 1970, 42, 1122.

A computer-controlled mass spectrometer system haa been

developed* Signal integration and computer-managed

data are provided*

wDIVISION OF COMMERCE

Bead of Division: Professor K,A. Blakey,,B,A, (N,Z.) M.Sa.Socn. (Lend,)D.Phil, (Oxf.) M. Com. (Metb,;

ACADEMIC STAFF

Department of EoonomvosProfeaoor

K.A. Blcfcey* B.A. (9,Z.)t Af. So*Boon, (Lona\),D.Fhil. (Oxf*), M. Com, (Metb.)

LecturersS. Alit H*Com.(Helb.)t D.So, (Haaatuddin)R.R. Piggott, M.Ag.Ec. (ffev Englmd) Bfigmd 29/8/70J.C. Steinke, M.A. (Calif J

TutorsH.G. Castle, M.Ba. (Sychey) Appointed 1/9/70Mra. «T. Irving, 5 . 4 . Sons* (N,S*W,)

Research AssistantsC. Fisher Appointed 9/3/70Mr*. D. Sohneid " 2/9/70P. Wilson " 9/7/70M. Ross » "

Department of AoaomtanauProfessor - Vaoancy

LecturersC.T. Reaulevood, B.Con., Dip, Ed. (Metb,) A,A.S,A, (Senior)E.D, Moore, B.Com, (Newcastle) A.A.S.A. (Senior) A.C.I.S.

retired due to ill health 7/S/70R.K. ViUon, B.Cam. (N,S.W.) Appointed 10/6/70Vaoanau

W


Department of Eoonomt<ce

Doctor of Philosophy

The Tertiary Sector in an Industrial Economy(Mrs, J, Irving - enrolled 1969)

The Economics of the Australian Blade Coal Indmtry(B, Ross - enrolled 1969)

Decentralization in Australia(J. Steinke - enrolled 296S)


Department of Economics

A group program of regional social end economic studieshas been initiated. Preliminary reports on patterns ofdevelopment of population, residential building end roadtransport have been completed. They will be combined inan analysis of factors determining the regional patternof production and income distribution. Two reports weresubmitted to tine Illawarra Regional Development Committee,vix:-

Main roads expenditure in the Illmtarra in relation toRegional Development Heeds and,

The employment of women end demand for preschooleducation*

Both reports were prepared by Professor X.A, Blckeyend Mr, C,B, Fisher,

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department of Aoooitttancy

A detailed appraisal of ifie informational content and

accounting procedures adopted in the corporate financial

statements of pxblio operating in the extraotive industry*

PUBLICATIONS

department of Economics

1. Book Review "Development of Co-operative Marketing -

A Survey Report". Reserve Bank of India.

R.R. Piggott.

Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.14, No.l, Jvne 1970

2. Elasticity of Sipply and the Incentive for Collusive Buying.

R.R. Piggott.

Journal of Argicultural Economics, Vol.14, No. 2, December, 1970.

Department of Accountancy

1. Stook-Valuation - SignifCocnoe and Problems.

C.T. Eeazlewood.

Appointing Journal V.C.T.A.* Vol.1, No.l, July 1970, pp.10'15.

2. A Case for Uniformity - The Australian Method of RecordingShare Issues.

C.T. Reazlewood.

News Bulletin A.A.V.T.A., Vol.10, No.2, 1970.

S. She Periodic (Physical) and Perpetual Inventory Systems.C.T. Becatlewood.General Journal V.C.T.A.* Vol.10, 2969-70.

DIVISION OF ENGINEERING AND METALLURGY

Mead of Division: G. Brinson,N.Se. (Melb.), Ph.D. (Sheff.),F.I.M., M.AU8.IMM.

ACADEMIC STAFF

Department of Electrical Engineering

ProfessorB.H. Smith, B.B. (AdelJ, M.I.B.E. (Appointed 18/5/70)

Senior LecturersW,H, ChaPlton, B.fi1., A*S.T.C*» N.I.E.E., M.I,E,Aust.K.J. McLean, f4.S,(N.ZJ3 B.D.fMalb.), Fh.D. (N.S.WJ,

M.I.E.Awt*O.J. Tassidker* N,S.S.(NeZb.)t F.I.E. Awt., F.I.E,E.

LecturerZ. Heroeg* Dip.Eng. (Zagreb)t Fh.D.(N.S.W.)j M.I.E.Awt.

Department of Meohcnioal* Civil and Mining Engineering

ProfessorCAM. Gray, Hon.J.M.N., B.So. M.E.(Syd.), M.I.Medh.E.,

A.M.I.C.B., M.I.E.Awt., Emeritus Professor,University of Malaya.

Associate ProfessorsS.B. Baumy, B.B.(Syd\), M.Sc(Birm.) Ph.D. A.S.T.C.,

M.I.Meoh.B. M.I.E.Amt.

A.W. Roberts, B.E., Bi.D., A.S.T.C, M.I.B.Atmt.M.I.Meoh.B.

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Senior Lecturer*P.C. Arnold, B.E.* Ph.D., C.Eng., M.I.Medh.E.,

M.I.E.Avat. (Promoted 13/10/70)

B.W. Up/old, M.E., Ph.D., A.S.T.C., M.I.E.Auet.,

M.I.Meoh.E.

P. Vcn der }ferf9 M.E%i Pft.C, A.S.T.C, Jf.l.ff.Auet.

LecturersM.J, Lcwrey* M*E.a AnS.T.C*, M.I,E.AuBt,G. Singh* B.Se.Eng. (Alig.), M.Sa.Eng, (Mint. )t

Ph.D*(Birm,)j, A.M.Inst.B.E., M*A.S,E.E.(Appointed 14/8/70)

J7.T. Vheway* B.B., Ph.D,t M.I*%*

Department

ProfessorG. Brinson, N.So.(Melb.)j Ph,D.(Sheff.)a

Senior Leaturere

*.F. Kennon4 N.So** Ph,D,, F,Ii.M,T,Cti A,I.M.tA.N.AUB.I.M.M.

N, St<mdUih, M.Sc.(N.S.W,)9 Ph.D.(Otago)* A,S.T,C, /A.H.AU8,I,M.N.

Ltaturarm

M. Atkinson* B.So.fEng.) (Met.) (London)

T.W. Barnes* M.Se.* A.S.T.C* A.I.M.

JT. Salasoo* B.So.* A.S.T.C., A.M.Aus.I.N.M.

D.P. Vwm* B.Se.* Ph.D.OI.S.W.)* A.I.M. (appointed Sept. 1970)

Sssearek Assistant

S. Mtfhn* BESa, (V. Ontario)

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Department of Eleotrioal Engineering


An Investigation of One Characteristics of RotatingMachines Operated on a Switched Mods,(W,B, Charlton - enrolled 196?)

Electrical Charaateristioe of Contaminated Corona -Discharge Systems,(k,. Eeroeg - enrolled 2966) (aaarded 1970)

EUotrioal Conductivity in Particulate Solids*(K.J. MoLem - enrolled 1966) (cuaxdad 1970)

Sam Aspects of the Forces on Charged Particles inElectrostatic Precipitator*.(Q.J, Tassicker - enrolled 1966)

Master of Engineering

Computer Contsccl of the 140 Inch Plate Mill, Port Kerrbla.(G.E, Wood - emrtUd 1966)

A Study of the Identification and Optimal Control of aReheat Furnace,(T+S* long " enrolled 196S)

Department of Mechanical* Civil and Mining Engineering


An Investigation of one and two Phase Forced Flow ofGranular MateHals.(D. Beach - enrolled 1970)

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Master of Engineering Saienoe

An Investigation of the stiffnesses of a plate web girderunder eooentrio toads applied to a flange,(R.J. Derrington - enrolled 196?)

Investigation of Stress distribution at Changes of Seationof Members imder Tuo Dimensional Bending and Direct Stress.(K. Forbes - enrolled 1966)

Analysis of No>'i Linear Effects in Control System Performance,(D.A. Hodges - enrolled 1966)

Investigation of Failure of Crane Ruway Raila.(D.C* Smith - enrolled 1966)

Study of Momenta in Orihotropic Sheila Using More Method*(R.S. Windsor - enrolled 1966)

An Inveatigation of Equivalent Properties of PerforatedShoots,(B.J. Anger - enrolled 196?)

Control System Identification Utilising Fluidio Components.(D,C* Crook - enrolled 1967)

Inveatigation of Design Methods for Bulk Tranaport Containers.(J.T. Divine - •nrolUd 196?)

Dynamic Analysis of the Motion of Linkages with Relation to \the Upper Extremity Limb. \(N.T. Hodkinson - enrolled 196?)

Ferfoxmato* Analysis of Multiple Conveyor Combinations.(K.B.B. Isea - enrolled 19t?) (conferred 1970)

Fhotoelastio Inveatigation of Surface Stress Distributionsin a Cylirder loaded in Compressor.(F, Ffnon - enrolled 1967)

Creep Testing Using Cantilever Bending. } ;j'(B.B. Heeer - enrolled 1967)

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An Investigation of Sheet total Foimability*(R,J. Graham - enrolled 1968)

Fatigue Behaviour of Ferrous Alloys(J.S. Ward - enrolled 1969)

A Study of Two-Dimensional Heat Flow under AbnormalBoundary Conditions*(R. Hall - enrolled 1969)

An Investigation of three Dimensional Heat Flow in NonIsotropio Bodies.(I, Bekk&v - enrolled 1968)

Heat Transfer aerons a Gaseous Interface during thePropagation of a Shock Wave in a Tube*(D, Roach - enrolled 1969) (awarded 1970)

Department of Metallurgy

Dootor of Philosophy

The Solidification of Iron Sulphur Alloys,(S, Maridh - conferred 1970)

Assessment of Sheet Metal Formability,W. Aikineon - enrolled 1970)

Creep in Ziroonium,(B. Kjhn - enrolment changed to Ph.D. 1970)

Creep in Ferrous Alloys.(R.L. Player - enrolment dheng&d to Bt.D. 1969)

Studies in the Distribution of Non-Metallio Inclusionin Metal Ingots.(I.D* Simpson - enrolment changed to Ffi.D. 1970)

High Temperature Fracture in Zirconium and its Alloys.(K. Veevers - enrolled 1970)

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Master of Science

The development of a Commercial Grade of StabilisedDrawing Steel,(D.V. Allen - enrolled 1970)

Studies in Flooding Phenomena in Packed Beds*(J.B. Dririhoater - enrolled 196B)

Isothermal Trans formations in Austenite atTemperatures near M.(E.B. SdXtards - enrolled 1968)

A Study of the Inflwnoe of Titanium on the Structureof Alloy Steels.(T.J, George - enrolled 19(58)

Segregation Phenomena in Metal Ingots,(G,G, Lang, - enrolled 1970)

The Influenoe of Electron Concentration on the Structureand Morphology of MartenHta.(T. Milter - enrolled 1970)Racewcy Flow and Allied Phenomena in Packed Beds.(R, Jhwell - enrolled 1970)

The Solidification of Silver-Oxygen Alloys,(K, Salcmoo - enrolled IMS)

Factors Involved in Hot-Topping of Ingots,(J. Vilson - enrolled 1970)

The Effect of Crystallographie Orientation of iheEleotroohmmioal Properties of Tin.Ot.D. Wiltshire - enrolled IMS)

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Department of Electrical Engineering1* Automatic Controlt Investigation of computer control of

furnaces aid rolling mills in Ike steel industry; investigation

of various methods of switched operation of machines; identi-

fication of systems using 2-level chain codes and correlation

techniques*

2, Rotating machines: Investigations into transient performance

of three phase synchronous machines and steady state performance

of invertor fed three phase induction machines*

3, Processes in Electrostatic Frecipitation: Interpretation of

field testing on preaipitators; the performance of full

scale plant when operated with high resistivity particles;

the formation of reverse ionisation and its effect on

preaipitator performance; forces of adhesion in agglomerated

layers; mechanism of current conduction in the precipitated

layer; the effect of emmitter geometry on current density

and field strength,

4, Insulating Materials: The complex dielectric permittivity of

powders as a function of frequency and temperature; ionic and

electronic conduction in insulators with special reference to

the effect of metal electrodes (one Ph.D, thesis completed);

the force of adhesion between small diameter insulating

particles in ihe presence of en ionic field*

5, Gaseous Discharges: Generation and transport of gaseous ions

in a corona discharge system with special reference to the

influence of lite electrode surface condition (one Ph.D. -thesis

completed); feasibility of operation with controlled pulsed

a.o. energisation; the complex dielectric permittivity of an

ionised gas at various temperatures end frequencies; the

measurement of the electric fields in a corona discharge by

meats of a special bomdary micro area probe.

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1, Indi dated Power CompressorsThe influence of indicator paseage geometry on Hke powerinput to a reciprocating air compressor has been examined*revealing a major source of error in measurement. Errorsare introduced mainly by a phase shift of indicator diagramresulting from a time delay in recording* Shis delay isfcmd to be independent of compressor speed and dischargepressure. An almost linear reduction of 3 per cent ofmeasured power per degree of phase shift has been observedfrom a hypothetical diagram end larger errors are apparentfrom experimental diagram,

2, Two-dimensional heat flow by conductionAn examination is being made of the temperature distributionin rectangular plates subject to linear temperature gradientson opposite boundaries. Generalised computer programmesapplicable to various L/D ratios are being investigated,

3, Load Distribution in Orthotropie Bridge DecksA computer programe has been written for &ie analysis ofright orthotropic bridge decks for various load conditionsusing a Levy-type matrix progression technique* This isbeing utilised in attempts to develop improved designprocedures for such structures,

4, Analysis of Cellular Folded Plate StructuresA stiffness formulation of the matrix progression techniquehas been programed for the analysis of folded plate structureswith particular reference to box girder bridges. The meihodis exact in tfce sense that it is baaed on elasticity theoryand takes into account any orthotropie properties which maybe pomweBsed by individual components of the structure.

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S. Bulk Handling of Granular MaterialsThe Bulk Handling Research has been supported financiallyby -the Commonwealth Wheat Industry Researoh Council and 1heCommonwealth Rural Credits Development Funds the totalgrants received to date anoints to $55,500. The researchprograme is dealing with a nurber of problems broadlyembraced by the analysis of conveyor performance, physicalproperties of agricultural products, and the mechanics ofbulk material flow.

(i) Conveyor Performance StudiesThe investigation of multiple length auger conveyors hascontinued* The computer analysis which has been under'taken has brought out two important factors which havepreviously received little attention. The first concernsthe effect of auger length/diameter ratio on outputs fora screw flight of given dimeter and pitch, an increase inflight length causes a slight reduction in output* Thesecond concerns both, the magnitude and variation of thepower losses due to the friotional drag on the flight on•the casing. The power losses of long augers, in particular,are extremely high in relation to the power required toconvey the grain.

Further performance tests have been conducted on the 20fttubular belt conveyor. Generally speaking One conveyorperformance characteristics are satisfactory for anglesof elevation up to SO*, while lower power consumption andhigher efficiency oat be obtained by operating the conveyorat belt speeds of about 400 ft/min.

tti) Physical Properties of Agricultural ProductsDuring 1970 this research was concentrated in two main areas

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(iii)

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Development, of Recamen&d Techniques for the Testing ofConvex-Shaped Agricultural Products.

To reduce the variability which, currently exists in resultsof axial compression tests on intact, convex-shaped bodiessuch as grains and fruits, ike testing techniques employedby various investigators was critically reviewed and someof the experiments repeated. It was found that thevariability of the information resulting from this typeof test can be reduced by using the Hertz theory, or,to a lesser extent the Boussinesq theory as the basisfor the analysis of the data.

Impact Properties of Convex-shaped Argioultural Products.

In recent years there have been several attempts to studythe behaviour of agricultural produots under impactconditions* Seme data are available on foro*~defomationcharacteristics but in general these determinations havebeen hampered by the influence of inertia* Most of thedata collected have been expressed in terms of energyabsorbed by &te specimen, but the high rates of loadinghave made accurate energy balances difficult.The problem of impact loading of wheat grains has beenapproached from a different point of view. Working fromthe concept of dynanic hardness as used in the impacttesting of metals, a modified dynanic hardness end adynamic elastic constant have been developed. Resultsfrom a small pendulum impaetsr are presently beinganalysed.

Flow of Granular Materialsffork is continuing on the optimisation analysis of thechute flow problem. The recent emphasis in this work

e.

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has been directed to "flow synthesis", the aim being toestablish the form of the chute profile to achieveoertain prescribed optimun conditions suoh as minimumtravel or maximum exit velocity, Pseudo-random testsignals are being need as a means of obtaining a detailedknowledge of the dynamic characteristics of the system.

In the area of forced flow of granular materials atheoretical model of a single phase column of granularmaterial elevated vertically is being developed todetermine the required conveying force and pressuredistribution throxghout the granular colvm. Experimentshave also been conducted on two phase flows with air asa fluidixing medium, A theory to describe this type offlow is being developed and the feasibility of a solidspump operating at fluidiwatim investigated*

Design Data for Coastal Engineering Structures on the N.S.W.CoastAs there are no records of wave history for the N,S,W, Coastan analysis is being made of all hindoast wave data availablein order to formalise design data for coastal engineeringstructures. This information is to be compared with waverecords which will be obtained from wave recorders to beinstalled on the breakwater and Five Islands at Port Kembla,

Engineering Feasibility Stuck of Kiana BreakwaterAn investigation is continuing for the Illawarra RegionalDevelopment Committee into the feasibility of a breakwater atKiana, This breakwater would provide safe anchorage forfishing trawlers as well as pleasure craft. It is anticipatedthat the initial theoretical investigation and results willbe tested by a model study.

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8. The Effect of the Coastal Range on WindA climatologioal station has been established at WollongongUniversity College in conjunction with the Bureau ofMeteorology* In addition the more usual measurements ofwet and. dry bulb temperature, rainfall, cloud cover andwind direction, it is intended to obtain a continuous recordof wind speed. By comparison with data metered at Tort Kemblaend Lake Illawarra, a detailed analysis of the effect oftopography on wind will be made,

9, The Effect of Cloud Cover on Solar InsolationFrom pyrhelicmeters which are still to be installed at OneClimatologioal station and visual records of oloud type,density and percentage sky covered, an analysis is to bemade of the depletion of radiation by cloud*

10, Calculation of Transient Seat Firm Into BuildingsA computer programe has been developed which enables thecalculation of external air conditioning loads to becalculated. This programe takes into accovnt shading andreflection as well as day to day storage affects. It isproposed to analyse the results obtained from a wide rangeof varieties end exanine the influences of these variableson air conditioning plant capacity,

11. Design of a High-Volme Irrigation end Drainage PumpA very definite need exists for a simple relatively inexpensivepump for both the removal of floodwaters and the irrigation oflarge areas of land adjacent to rivers. Suck a pump has beendesigned, the design features including portability and theprovision to be driven from a tractor. This design is to betested wider boih laboratory and field conditions.

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12. An Engineering Investigation of the Irrigation Potentialof E8tuarine FlatsThie research project has been approved by the WaterResearch Foundation of Australia and is being carried outusing the Shoathaven River Flats as a pilot study with eightother Councils invited to participate in the study.

Ifte project is aimed at formulating a course of action whichwill result in the optimum agricultural use of some 5*600,000acres of estuarvne land which has been protected from flood.waters at a cost of $10,794,000.

IS. Improvement of Floooulation and Settlement of Insoluble Solidsin Proosss WatersThis research project has been approved by the Water ResearchFoundation of Australia and is initially "a detailed surveyand report on industrial water treatment and waste waterdisposal problems". Some fifteen industrial concerns havealready taken part in the survey which is aimed at establishinga priority list for furiSisr research into water treatmentproblems.

14. Quantitative Survey of Water Quality in ike Tllawarra andShoaVtaven RegionsAs a oonsequenm of the previous research project, it isintended to initiate a detailed survey of the deteriorationof water quality in both the Illmaarva and Shoathaven Regions.This survey is to include a stud)/ of both fresh and salt water.

15. Cooling Tovsir Design Data for the Illmtarra RegionIt is felt that the present design method for cooling towersis unsatisfactory became of the lack of local climatologioaldata. It is propoeed to carry out a survey of present designmethods and &*nt if neeeeeary, establish a set of localdesign oondCticns,

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16, Road Materials Research - Skid ResistanceAn extensive and intensive study is being made into thepn-ctional characteristics of road pavements. The invest-igation covers both natural and artificial materialsavailable locally. Also wiihin this study is the designof cement concrete and asphalt mixes with a view tomaking possible the use of aggregates currently rejectedbecause of their poor wearing quality or -their tendencyto take a high polish,

British Standard equipment is being used to compile dataon skid properties of local pavement surfaces. This datawill be useful for the following purposes:

1, Accident studies and prewntion,?., design of horizontal and vertical alignment end design

of superelevations on rural and urban roads*3, Design and determination of highway capacity,4, Traffic engineering and control.

A "moving pavement" polishing and skidding simulator iscurrently being developed to study a broad, range of pavementand tyre characteristics at various speeds end inder variousenvironmental conditions. Also being developed is a testtrailer for full scale field measurement of skid characteristicsin order that the simulated work in the laboratory will besupplemented end correlated*

17, Materials Research ProjectsA nutter of problems dealing with the strengih end propertiesof materials are under investigation.Tests are being conducted to determine the bond strength ofsteel and concrete for various coatings end finishes on thesteel* including deformation size and geometry.

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Further work undertaken includes ooncrete and aggregatetesting, unoonfined and compaction tests of soils, triaxialtests, testing of failures in concrete, detailed testing ofoorings from various mines, testing of ferro-oemsnt panelsfor use in boat building*

18. The C*C*T.V* Genera as a Research ToolTechniques are being developed uring ike vidicon tribe as animage multiplier for photoelastic work* For large scaledisplay of Moire patterns produced in stress analysis work,the CC.T.V, is being used to give immediate patterns,

19, The Analysis of Stress Distribution Produced at AbruptChanges in SectionThe application of ike complex variable to ike analysis oftwo dimensional stress system produced at abrupt changesin section on axially loaded members is being investigated*This method leads to a set of infinite equations in aninfinite nuiber of unknowns, Methods for ike solution ofthese equations have been investigated wing the Collegecomputer*

20* Investigation of the Failure of Crane Rtnwau BailsPhotoelastic methods have been wed to investigate the stressdistribution produced within the head of crane ruway rails.Verification of the results are being obtained by load tests.

21* The Investigation of Curvature Produced in Plates with EdgeLoading wing Moire Fringe TechniquesThe curvature of plates mder varying types of loads end edgefixations is being investigated by interpreting Moire fringepatterns* These patterns are produced from a double esposureof reflected line patterns* A large scale apparatw, suitablefor large plates, has been constructed and is being wed forthe study of ike orthotropio porperties of rolled materials.

32/

22, The Analysis of Whole Stress Fie Ids under impact ConditionsUsing Moire fringe techniques and high speed photographicequipment, deflections in beams and plates over large areasare being studies. This work is being carried out for impactloading and also cyclic loading*

23, The Development of High Speed Photographic TechniquesVarious photographic techniques are being developed for ikerecording on film of dynamic phenomena. Techniques aredeveloped using combinations of ultra high speed cine cameras,high intensity strobosoopes, and single shot cameras*


1, Fracture at Elevated Temperatures(i) The high temperature fracture of iron

The ductility of iron at elevated-temperatures andat low strain rates is markedly effected by tracesof carbon and oxygen in solid solution. It appearsfrom the present work that this effect is due to theinfluence of these elements on the development oftriple-point craoks at the grain boundaries. Theelements are segregated at the grain boundaries andit seems likely that their main influence on crackformation arises through their effect on inter-granular energy*

(ii) The fracture of ttiroonim alloys at elevatedtemperatures

tfork has recently begun on the -influence of structureon -tine fracture toughness of siroonium alloys atelevated temperatures, Hhe investigation is beingcarried out in collaboration with the AustralianAtomic Energy Research Establishment and will include

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studies of Hhe effect of neutron irradiation onfracture behaviour.

(Hi) The creep of zirconiunThe creep behaviour of zirconiun at temperatures inthe range of 2S0-S50*C is markedly affected by tracesof interetidal impurities. The present work* togetherwith work overseas, has made it clear that variationsin impurity content of less -Gran 10 p.p.m. oan haveimportant effects. Solid-state zone refining isbeing used to produce a very low total intersticialcontent so that the separate effeats of impuritiesoan be investigated.

2. Solidification

(i) The distribution of inclusions in ingots

A new approach to the statistical cnalysis ofinclusion distributions in ingots has been developedend applied to both laboratory end industrial ingots.It is intended to apply this cnalysis to a study ofth* kinetics of inclusion growth and segregation.

Hi) Solute segregation in ingots

Studies of solute segregation in solidified saltsolutions have shown effects thought to be associatedwith systems that expand on solidification. Theseeffects are being further investigated using Bi-Znalloys.A separate study is concerned with tine influence ofhot-topping an solute segregation.

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3, Properties of Low Alloy Steels:The effects of composition and thermcmeohanioal treatmenton Ihe structure and therefore the properties and potentialcommercial utilization of low alloy steels are beinginvestigated by determining the influence of:

(i) deformation* before transformation, on the develop-ment of high strength in bainitic steels,

(ii) steel making and rolling mill practices on tfcedrawing qualities of stabilised low carbon steels,

(Hi) titanium and nitrogen additions on ihe resistanceto grain coarsening at elevated temperatures oflow alloy engineering

4. Structure and Properties of fteldt:Welding operations produce changes in th* structure of Ihebase metal adjacent to the weld deposit* ftutse structuresam being simulated by transforming carbon steels duringcontinuous cooling so that an understanding of their originmay be gained and thereby ways of controlling the propertiesof welded metals and alloys may be developed.

5. Ihe Plastic Behaviour of Sheet Metals at Large Strains:

(i) Hydraulic bulge testing:Procedures are being developed for the study ofstrssS'Stsrain relationships under balanced biaxialtensile stress. Ihe first step is the assign ofa control system to ensure constant strain ratethroughout a test at the pole of the bulge.

Hi) Work hardening of low carbon steels:ths stress-strain relation* of soft steels areusually dssortbrnd by an aquation of &• Luddck type,

34/

but dsfinite transitions in work hardeningbehaviour have been previously observed andconfirmed in the present work. The oosurrenoe ofat least one transition at conventional testingspeeds appears to depend on both grain site andcarbon contents the inter-relationship of -tfiesefactors is being studied*

6, Packed BedsStudies in these systems are intended to clarify someaspects of hanging and gas distribution in blast furnaces.One aspect of tfte flooding work has now been completed,the results of which have led to the formulation of a newcorrelation for flooding which takes into account particleshape* wettjbility and froth formation.

The study of pressure drop with melting has emphasised theimportance of packing arrangement and these results willbe taken into account in work now in progress on flowdistribution in a scale model of a copper blast furnace,

7, MccrtiHsiticThe further development of the geometrical theory ofmartensitio transformations is being studied using accuratemeasurements of the orystallographic properties of ferrousend non-ferrous martensites.

Other work oonoerning the factors which influence thestructure end formation of martensite plates is also inprogress.

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PUBLICATIONS

Department of Electrical Engineering

1. "Matrix approach to tfie Steady-State analysis of invertor-fed Induction motors".W. Charlton.IEE Electronics Leters3 July 1970.The output voltage of a static invertor is frequently apiece-wise constant, periodic wmxgfom. For such oases* amethod is presented for finding Ohe steady-state currentwaveform.

2. "The Short Circuit modes of a Synchronous Machine".W. Charlton.IEEE Trcne. Eduo. July 1970.Tim domain matrix methods coupled wim convenient lineartransformations are used to obtain egressions for thewinding currents of a synchronous machine subjected to asymmetrical three-phase short circuit*

S. "Chute profile for maximum exit velocity in gravity flow ofgranular materials".W. Charlton and A. W. Roberts.J. Agric. Eng. Res. 1970, Vol.l5a No. 4.An catalysis of the required profile shape of gravity flowdischarge chutes to achieve maximum exit velocity is presented.The dynamic equations for a grain element in the flowing streamare developed and m eapression for exit velocity is obtained.


1. "Power Input to Beciprooating Air Compressors".S.E. Bonany.Fluid Power International. V3$, 9407* pp Z1-S4, Feb. 1970.

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2. '"Hie Transfer of Beat Across a Gaseous Interface during

Propagation of a Shook Wave in a Tibe".

S.E. Boncmy and R,T. Wheway.

Inst. of Engre. Aust. * Medh. and Chem. Engineering Trans,,

V.MC6, No.l, PP ?-14» May 1970,

S. "The impact velocity of ring type automatic compressor valves",R.W. Up fold,CommieQion III> Prague. International Institute of Refrigeration*p 99.

4. "Valve Flutter".R.W. Up fold,Cormis8ion III, Prague, Internation Institute ofRefrigeration* p 10?.

5. "An examination of ring type compressor inlet valves",R.W. Vpfold.Oomission III* Prague. International Institute ofRefrigeration* p 113.

6. "Bulk Handling and Testing of Granular Materials",A.W. Roberts.Sixth Annual Research Report, Wollongong UniversityCollege* March 1970.

?. "Chute Profile for Maximum Exit Velocity in Gravity Flowof Granular Material".W.H. Charlton and A.ff. Roberts.J. Agrio. Enang. Res. 1970, IS (4) 49-51.

8. "Applied Thermodynamics in fre Computer Calculation of AirConditioning Loads",R*T, tihmtay.Paper prestnUd at I.E. AueU Thermodynamics Conference -Industrial Applications in Adelaide on 17th August, 1970*

-•*v i

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1. Part Chapter on "Kossel Technique" in a publicationentitled "The Electron Probe Micro Analyser"N. Kennon.Published by Mdtiaster University* Canada, (1970).

2. "The Isothermal Trans formation of Austenite at TemperaturesNear Ms - I Transformation Products"*N.F. K&nnon and R.H. Edwards.Journal of the Australian Institute of Metals, 1970,Vol. IS, No. 4.Austenite containing 1.44%C transforms isothexmlly attemperatures near Ma to too products both having alenticular morphology* and which were identified from habitplane measurements. One product has a habit plane near(225}y and is identified as isothermal martensite, theother product has a habit plane near {110}y and isidentified as lower bainite. Transmission electronmetallography ehows that the structural inhomogenietiesin -die plates of the two transformation products areconsistent with -this identification.

3. "The Isothermal Transformation of AuBtenite at TemperaturesNear Ms - II Transformation Diagram".R.H. Edwards and N.F. Xennon,Journal of the Australian Institute of Metals* 1970,Vol. IS, No. 4.

This paper describes 1h* results of a detailed metallographicstudu of tfee isoihermal transformation of auBtenitecontaining 1.44XC at temperatures between 69.S*C and 1WC.Two transformation products, lower bainite and isothermal

rtansite were formed at temperatures both above and belowMs (93*C), and iha 1% tratsformation curves used to construct1he isoihermal transformation diagram. This is the first

38/

determination of the trans formation diagram forunequivocally identified products formed at temperaturesnear Ms in any alloy,

4. "Some Observations of Macrosegregation in Ice Ingots"*N. Standish and G* Lang,Journal of the Australian Institute of Metals, 1970,IS* 120-26,Brine solutions of various NaCl contents were frozen in alaboratory-size mould under different solidification rates.The concentrations of NaCl at various positions in the ingotswere determined* The convection velocities in the liquidcores were also measured.The results show :d #o* the severity of segregation wasproportional to the initial concentration of NaCl and thesolidification rate. The latter was shown to obey thewell-known square roote relationship for metal ingots.The results also showed that the liquid in the centre andahead of the solidification front was positively segregatedduring freezing and that this was reversed after the ingotshad solidified. This phenomenon, which has also beenobserved in steal ingots, was explained by gravitationaleffects. Convection velocities ware mostly in the range1.5 to 3.0 in./sac. These valves are comparable withthose whieh have bean measured in industrial steel ingots.The relevance of this investigation to industrial ingotsis indicated.

5. "Laboratory Investigation of the Effect of Coke Shape onFlooding and its Implication to Blast Furnace Banging".9. Standish & J.B. Drinhaatar.A.I. 4 S. Research BaportM 1970, Ho, 70/11.

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6. "Representation of Inclusion Count data by the Rosin-Rarmler Laid"*N. Standish & I.D. Simpson,Metallurgical Transactions3 1970, 1^ 3S1.Inclusions aomted in At deoxidized iron and copper ingotsand the results were fitted to the R-R Law. From theparameters obtained it was concluded that inclusionmorphology affects the distribution of these non-metalliesin the ingots investigated. The practical value of alinear relationship of the R-R type is that it would enablecomparisons to be made of inclusion populations and to leadto a more rational unit by which steel cleanness may beresuned.

7. "Discussion of Fluid Motion Through the Partially SolidRegions of a Casting and its Importance in UnderstandingA-Type Segregation".N. Standish.Metallurgical Transactions? 2970* 1, 2026-9.Solidification results have been presented which show thatice ingots obey the square root law and that those foramoniwi chloride ingots do not. These results were usedto argue that some of the conclusions of McDonald and Huntmay not be applicable to metallic ingots. It was suggested•that the formation of A-segregates is also constant with theintervention of the solute flotation and the solidificationpattern in steel ingots*

8. "The Extension of Graphical Analysis of Counter-CurrentIron Ore Seduction".N, Standish.

Paper presented at the International Conference on the Scienceand Technology of Iron and Steel, September 7-Uih, 1970,Tokyo.

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9.

10.

A method based on the transfer unit oonoepts has beenpresented as a means of extending the utility of graphicalrepresentation of iron ore reduction data* The method wasapplied to analyse the available reduction results obtainedin the Bo-Ri&t apparatus. It was concluded that althoughfor some tests the resistance was almost totally within thesolid, for others the gas resistance appeared to besignificant. These and other conclusions were compared withresults available in the literature and application of theseto reduction under blast furnace conditions was alsoconsidered.

"Statistical Study of Inclusion Distribution in SteelIngots".N. Standish, B.P. Barnsley and I.D. Simpson*A paper presented at the International Conference on theScience and Technology of Iron and Steely September 7-llth(1970) Tokyo,A study was made of inclusions distribution in laboratoryingots of Al deoxidised iron and in a 12 ton experimentalingot of Ti killed steel. From -tine statistical paranetersobtained and the results of segregation and EPMA investigation^it was concluded that the sine-frequency distribution ofboth oxide and sulphur inclusions is related to theirmorphology end to coating conditions end ingot structure,Results of chemical analysis shooed \ti%at except for oxygenthere was no measurable aegs^cution of -the other elementspresent.

"Inveetigation of Pressure Drop in Packed Beds with Melting".N, Stcndish i R. Neu&UProp. AIM. Inat. Min. Met. No. 236 (1970),

41/

Pressure drops were measured in a eolunm packed with glassspheres and mx particles, both in random and Referentialdistributions* Variables investigated included wax wnient*gas flow rates and temperatures*

It is shown that for random distribution of wax, ptetauredrop is exponentially related to wax content above themelting point of wax and the below this it increaaea withincreasing gas rate and temperature*

For preferred distribution of Wax the highest inoreaae inpressure drop is obtained with horizontal distribution ofwax and the least with vertical distribution*

Comparison with operating blast furnace data and applicationof results to practice are also included*

11. "The Validity of Methods for Determining the Shape Strain inDeformation Twinning and Martensitio Tranaformationa"*D*P. Dunne and CM. Wayman.Aota Metallurgical V.18, 1970, 981*The validity and accuracy of three methods of shape strainanalysis are examined by applying these methods to theexperimental determination of the shape strain in a eystemin which this strain ie precisely known - deformationtwinning in f^tin. Single -, two -, and three - surfacemethods are used to determine the twinning (habit) plane,direction and magnitude* and the results are compared withthe known values and are used to assess the relative meritsof the three methods. Analytical versions of the methodsare presented and the maximum information obtainable fromdifferent combinations of the input data is givn; in acmeoaaaa the reaulta ore over determined and statistical assess^ment ia possible.

42/

The experimental results of all three methods are shown to

be in excellent agreement with theoretical values and the

results obtained from surface measurements* are considered

to be truly representative of tains forming within the

bulk. The significance of the results is examined in terms

of the application of these methods to martensitic trans-

formations.

12. "A Multi-point Record From A Single Pen Recorder".

T.W. Barnes*

Journal of Physics E Scientific Instruments* October, 1970.

A sequentral switch has been made, using simple logic

elements. With it, up to six temperature indications can

be recorded in sequence, on the chart of a single pen

recorder. The switch serves to successively connect the

thermocouples to a recorder, one at a time; this is a

multiplexing action.

The methods employed are well known and reliable for the

purpose.

13. "Assessing Normal Plastic Anisotropy from Cup Drawing Loads".M. Atkinson.J.I.S.I. 1970, 208, 58,

Characteristic maximum drawing loads and fracture loads have

been measured in a new press embodying a secondary clamping

"• tool of the Engelhardt type and a sensitive load oell in the

punch stem. The ratio of these loads in a single specimen,

* draw-fracture', cup drawing test is shown to be a useful

parameter for assessing normal anisotropy of sheet steel.

Test conditions (involving only one die for a wide range of

sheet thickness) which give good discrimination of anisotropy

are described. Comparison of three parameters now available

for assessing normal plastic anisotropy, i.e. tensile strainratio, limiting drawing rdtio and the loads ratio from the'draw-fracture1 test, revealed that experimental error doesnot account for the scatter in the relationships betweenthese parameters* It is suggested that the greatestdiscrepancy arises from the use of an 'average strain ratio'(for several directions) to describe normal anisotropy.

14« "An Automatic Machine for the Rapid and Accurate Measurementof Tensile Strain Eatio".L.S. Owen, M,P. Sidey and M. Atkinson,British Deep Drawing Research Group, Conference, April 1970*

The ratio of width strain to thickness strain in a tensiletest is an important indication of anisotropy. Earlier workhad established that variations in plastic behaviour ootmonlyresulted in uneven width strain and hence in errors in theestimation of final width. This machine incorporates anintegrating pneumatic width gauge operating over a gaugelength of five inches* All width and length measurementsare stored and the ratio of incremental width and thicknessstrains is determined by an analogue computer.

25. "A Chemical Polish-etch for Silver".N. SalasooJournal of the Australian Institute of Metals* 1970, 15, 188.

Letter to the Editor. A chemical method for simultaneous Ipolishing and etching of silver, for metallographioexamination, has been developed. The process delineatesboth grain boundaries and substructures within grains*

25. "The effect of Particle Shape on Flooding Sates in PackedColumns". vN. Standish and J.B. Drinkuater.Chm. Ena. Sol, 25, 1819-21 (1970).

44/The effect of particle sliape on flooding velocities incounter-current gaa^liquid systems were investigatedusing Standish's transient beam apparatus. The resultsshow that particle shape is a significant variable inthe flooding process and that decreased sphericity leadsto the lowering of flooding rates* The results also lendsupport to the pressure gradient theory of flooding andstrongly suggest that the lowering of a-factor is due topacking geometry rather than to interfacia,l shear*

AC

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DIVISION JF LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE

Head of Division: P.K. Elkin,B.A., Dip.Ed, (Syd.),B.Litt. , D.Phil,(Oxon).

ACADEMIC STAFF

Department of English

ProfessorP.K, Elhin, B,A,a Dip,Ed. (Syd.)* B.Litt,, D.Phil.(Oxon).

LecturerCJs Nightingale, B.A.* B.Litt. (Oxon).

Senior TutorP.G. Abotomey, B.A., Dip.Ed. (W.A.)

TutorsMrs. I.S. Sharp, B.A. Dip.Ed. (Syd.)Miss J.C. Walker, B.A. (Syd.) (appointed 16.2.70)

Department of General Studies

LecturerD.J. Dillon-Smith, M.A. Dip.Ed. (Syd.)

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1. The English Department is following a number of lines ofresearch, according t the individual interests of member*of the Department. The major topics undertaken are: satire,with particular reference to comments on its nature andfunction from the eighteenth century to the present day;eighteenth and twentieth century translations of Juvenal'ssatires; the poetry of Thomas Hardy; the novels andplays of Samuel Beckett in English translation* and, inthe field of Australian literature, the writings ofMiles Franklin.

2. Miss J.C. Valker has been, investigating the uses to whichmodern theories of literary criticism can be put in thestudy and teaching of medieval literature. She has justcompleted a thesis for the degree M.A. on "Chaucer'sTroilus and Criseyde discussed in terms of modern literarycritical theory"'.

2. Mr. P. <?• Abotomey has undertaken "A critical analysis ofthe novels of Miles Franklin" towards the degree ofMaster of Arts*

4. Professor P.K. Elkin is completing a book, The Augustan Viewof Satire* for the Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Department of General StudiesMr, D. Dillon-Smith is inquiring into aspects of the Englishlanguage in the eighteenth century, with particular referenceto polite and vulgar usage. Be is also investigationpossibilities of a language study in the Tllaoarra regionespecially in connection with migrant population.

47/

PUBLICATIONS


"Dryden'8 Translation of Juvenal's Sixth Satire".

P.K. Elkin.

A.U.L.L.A. Xllth Congress Proceedings.

48/

Pr/ISION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Head of Division: Professor A. KeaneM.Se.(Syd.)$ Ph.D. (N.S.W.) \

ACADEMIC STAFF !

Department of Geology

Senior LecturerA.C. Cook, Ph.D. (Cantab.), A.M.Aus.I.M.M., F.G.S.

LecturersR.A. Facer, B.So. (Syd.)E.R. Phillips, B.So., Ph.D. (Qld.)

TutorG.D. Gibson, B.So..Dip.Ed. (Syd*)

Department of Mathematics 'Professor

A, Keane, M.Sc. (Syd.), Ph.D. (N.S.W.)

Senior LecturersA.S, Chapman, M.Sc.(Lend.) \D.J, Clarke, B.Sc.W.Auet.), M.Sc. (W.Auet.), M.Sc.fAdel.) [

(promoted November 1970) \P. Suryccnarayana, B.Sc. (Andhra), M.A. (Madras), Ph.D. (Calif.)

(appointed October 1970)K.P. Tognetti, B.E., M.Eng.Soi. (S.S.W.)

LecturersH.W. B%t*di<t B.So. (N.S.W.), M.A. (Sew England),

Ph.D. (Amsterdam)7.5. Homert B.So., Dip.Ed. (Syd.)

TutorK. Wguyen-Do, B.Sa.(M.Z.), M.So.'.S.Z.) (appointed Maseeh 1B70)

49/

Department of Physics

Senior LectUrere

K.J. Ausburn, B.So. (Syd.), M.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D. (N.S.W.)

D.I.C., A.Inst.P.

J.N. Stephens, M.A. (Cantab.), P.hD. (N.S.W.), Grad.A.I.P.

A.M.Inst.F.

Lecturers

J.N. Mathur, M.Sc.(Alig.), Dr.rer.nat. (Kiel).

A.I. Segal, B.So. (Melb.), Grad. A.I.P.

Vacancy

Tutor

J.L.K. Lieing, B.So. (N.S.W.)

G. Moore, B. So. (N. S. W.)

N. Montgomery, B.Sc. (N.S.W.)

50/



Dodtor of Philosophy

Statistical Studies in Sedimentation,(K.R. Johnson - enrolled 1969)

Master of Science

The Vertical and Lateral Variations in the PetrographioComposition of the Bulli Seam of the South Bulli Syncline.(H.W. Read - enrolled 196?)

A Petrographio Study of the Stratigraphy of AustralianCoal Seams,(M, Smyth - enrolled 1969)

Studies in Stratigraphy and Sedimentation in the

Southern Coalfield*(C. Waters - enrolled 1969)

A Study of the Poet-Permian Quartjtites of Southern N.S.W.

(J.H. Callender - enrolled 19?0)

Department of Mathematics


Development of Languages for use in Conversing with aDigital Computer via a Remote Terminal,(N.W. Bennett - enrolled 1968)

Mathematical Method* of Traffic Flow.(P. Cattle - enrolled 1969)

Method* for the Calculation of Heterogeneous ReactorSystems.(C. Chiarmlta - enrolled 1966) (Auardsd 1970)

51/

Neutron Transport in Subaritiaal Lattices.(B.E. Clancy - enrolled 136?)

Oscillations within and on a Fluid contained byArbitrary Bounds,(D.J. Clarke - enrolled 196?) (To be awarded)

Relative Nuclear and Particle Reaction Theory.(J.L. Cook - enrolled 1969) (Title changed 1969)

Collision Probability Methods in Reactor Lattice

Calculations*(G. Doherty - enrolled 196?)

A Correction to the Narrow Resonance Approximation forthe Calculation of Resonance Absorption,(T.S* Homer - enrolled 1966)

The Theory of Neutron Nave Propagation in Solids andLiquids.(K.J. Maker - enrolled 1969)

Reactor Theory(D.J. MoKeegan - enrolled 1968)

Eigenvalues of Matrices by Numerical Methods(A.G. Morris - enrolled 1970)

Wind Generated Currents in a Basin.(P.J. O'Balloran - enrolled 1968)

Numerical Methods Used in Neutronics Calculations.(J.P. Pollard - enrolled 1967)

Language Translation and Optimisation.(D.J. Richardson - enrolled 1986) (To be awarded)

52/

Master of Science

Statistical Studies of Population.

(N.M. Broere - enrolled 1969)

Nuclear Reactor Theory.

(D.J. Lear - enrolled 1970)

The Inverse Scattering Problem.

(E.J. Clayton - enrolled 1970)

Mathematical Models in Marketing.

(J.K* Doherty - enrolled 1970)

Population Distributions.

(D. Roudenko - enrolled 1969)

Validity of an Operational Solution to LAPLACE'S

equation with non-linear boundary conditions.

(R.W. Wilcox - enrolled 1969)

Master of Arts

Mathematical Models for the Wollongong Urban Area.

(Miss J. Shaw « enrolled 1967)

Department of Physios

Dootor of Philosophy

The Neutron Energy Speotrxm in Small Pulsed

Polycrystalline Assemblies.

(A.I.N. Ritchie - enrolled 1988) (To be awarded)

Fission Physios,

(J.W. Boldman - enrolled 1968) (To be awarded)

53/

Master of Science

The Limitations of Infra-red linage Detectors inAstronomy*(H. Fraser - enrolled 196?) (Title changed from 1968)

Application of the Mossbauer Effect to the Study ofSolid Solutions.(J. Lising - enrolled 1966)

Studies of the Information Content of PhotographicEmulsions,(J.M. Robinson - enrolled 1968)

Infra-red Imaging Devices.(C.J. Sofield - unrolled 1968)

An Atmospheric Water Vapour Meter.(P.W. Thompson - enrolled 1968)



1. Coal CarboniMation: A study is being made of the relationbetween the properties of ooala and thoat of their cokes,with particular emphasis on petrographio aspects of both.Two aspects which have received particular attention areooking properties of low vitrinite ooala and the effects ofblending high rank low vitrinite coal with low rank highvitrinite coal. In part thia is a collaborative projectwith the Australian Iron 4 Steel Geology and Coke ResearchSections.

2. The Variation of Coal Properties in the Southern Coalfield.M.S.V.: One aspect of this study concerns the collection ofdata, a aeoond the development of methods of analysing thedata and a third the relation of the variation to structure

54/

and sedimentation conditions. It has been demonstrated

that a significant relationship exists between the thickness

of Bulli Seam and some of the structures which affect the

seam*

3. Sedimentation in the Sydney Basin: Particular attention is

being paid to sediments in the coal measures* Methods are

being developed for the analysis and description of vertical

and lateral variations.

4. Murmekites: Myrmekites are quartz-plagioclase intergrowths

found on the rims of some plagioclase crystals. The develop-

ment of myrmekite in retrograde schists from Broken Hill is

being investigated to help resolve the question of their

origin*

5. Intrusive Complexes of South-East&im Queensland: Research

is being continued on the petrography of these mainly

granitic masses.

6* The varaaenesis of gneissio rocks from Broken Hill: Pre-

liminary petrographic studies of the mine sequence "granitic"

gneisses from Broken Hill is being carried out.

7. Magnetic Properties of Soaks: Palaeomagnetic aspects and the

relation of magnetic properties to the petrology and mineralogy

of the rooks are being considered. The Illawarra region offers \

scope for the application of rook magnetic studies to

structural geology and mining geology.

8. Study of Bxtrwioe Rooks of the Illawarra Region: With the

planned oommtoeHnent of an additional large-scale quarrying

operation in the Illawarra Region an approach was made to

the operator* for permission to engage in long-term study of

the physical and perhaps chemical characteristics of the

igneouM rook* It ie intended thai this study will supply

information on the character of, and variation through, the rock.

55/

9. Geology and Photographic Recording: Compilation of a

photographic record of aspects of Geology as illustrated

by features in the Illawarra Region has begun. This is

important in so far as many features are processes currently

in active or formative stages, and might not otherwise be

adequately recorded. Other aspects are particularly well

represented in the Illawarra Region.


1. Nuclear Reactor Theory: Equivalence relations for clustered

rods are being investigated. It seems that a simple approach

is not possible and that considerable computing effort will

be needed to obtain a useful result.

2. Papers were prepared on the basing of propositional and

predicate calculus as well as various systems of set theory

on combinatory logic. Research into the consistency of the

combinatory system is continuing.

S. Vnprocurability of adequate but reasonably inexpensive

recording equipment for measuring long wave spectra has

hindered experimental investigations on the phenomena

(i) surging of Port Kembla harbour, Hi) the occurrence of

long waves over the Continental shelf, and particularly,

(iii) the propagation of long waves up the South Coast.

Two such instruments were ordered from the Both Company in

South Australia and after tvto years that Company withdrew

from the contract.

Theoretical considerations of these and other problems is

a continuing exercise. In the past year five separate

aspects have been brought to a conclusion and five theoretical

papers have been submitted to Journals of the marine sciences.

These aspects are (i) two-dimensional seiche motions in

enclosed bodies of water, (ii) the dynamic response of

S.

56/

enclosed bodies of water to applied wind stresses withdue account being made for friction3 (Hi) internal seichemotions, (iv) the dynamic response of estuaries to forcedoscillations at the entrance, and (v) standing waves overthe Continental shelf.Further developments of items (ii), (iv) and (v) arecurrently being considered. In particular, more accuratemodelling of the friction effects is undergoing investigationfor -the dynamic response of a lake to an applied wind stress,the response of estuaries is being treated where a clapotisforms outside the entrance, and better modelling proceduresare being developed for standing and edge waves on aContinental shelf*

It is proposed to begin a study of the dynamic effects ofocean currents for a long time scale over the Continentalshelf region and subsequently to provide more informationof water movement off the South Coast.

Pormlation dynamics: An investigation of the delay differential

equations resulting from extension of Lotka-Volterra equations

to account for log and history effects on numbers and age

distribution. Computational techniques for modelling of

interacting population models.

Operations Research: The use of computer modelling forthe analysis of queueing and inventory models is continuing.Statistical design of computer simulation experiments.Analysis of autocorrelated interdeparture distribution ofqueues to be used for series queueing systems. Dynamicprogramming and branch and band techniques are being usedto investigate problems in search and detection.The problem of the selection of a computer with a realisticset of buyer1 constraints is being modelled as a programmingproblem.

57/

Department of Physics

Investigation of infra-red image detectors for astronomicalapplications are continuing. An 18-inch Newtonian infra-redstellar telescope is nearing completion and is being broughtinto operation initially with infra-red photographic platesas the detectors.

Mossbauer spectroscopie investigations of some magnetic

minerals are continuing.

PUBLICATIONS


1. "Early Joint Formation in Sediments",

A.C. Cook and K.R. Johnson,

Geol. Mag., 57, (1970).

Jointing in some 'ironstone* intraclasts in a sandstone fromthe Sydney Basin, New South Wales shows that the joints weredeveloped prior to contemporaneous erosion. A number ofother features observed in the Sydney Basin sequence supportthis conclusion and suggest tfiat an anisotropic horizontalstress field developed in the sediments very soon after theirdeposition.

2. "Note on Coals containing Marcasite Plant Pertrifactions,

larrunga Creek, Sydney Basin, New South Hales".

B.W. Read and A.C. Cook.J. Proa. R. Soc. N.S.W., 102, (1970), 197-199.Coals of low bituminous rank, resembling in type a coal fromthe Clyde River Coal Measures, contain numerous plantpetrifactions of marcasite with minor pyrite. The ironsulphides were emplaced early in the history of the coaland are associated with vitrinite-rich layers. They have

58/

replaced plant tissue rather than filled up voids in thepeat. Massive marcasite is thought to represent completereplacement, whereas the material with relict plantstructure may represent an intermediate stage.

3. "The Palaeomagnetism of the Giles Complex* Central Australia".

R.A. Facer,

Internat. Conf. on Geophysics of the Earth and Oceans3 Univ.

of N.S.K.* (1970), 6.

Preliminary results of palaecmagnetic studies of 540specimens from the Pre-Cambrian Giles Complex indicate thepresence of a stable TRM in rocks from the Complex. Theseresults indicate that the position of the Earth's Southmagnetic pole 1100 m.y. ago (relative to Australia) xoasLatitude 68*S* Longitude 263mE. Using Irving's convention*this indicates a normal palaeogeomagnetic field at thistime.

4. "Magnetic Properties of the Giles Complex* Central Australia".

R.A. Facer.

Search* 1* (1970)* 76-77.The results of detailed palaeomagnetie and rock magneticstudies of 540 specimens from the Giles Complex haveindicated the presence of a stable TRM in 47 per cent ofthe samples. Greater precision was achieved using specimensas units rather than samples in the Fisher analysis* althoughboth populations are statistically non-random at the 95 percent confidence level. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibilityhas apparently not affected the direction of magnetization inthe undeformed Giles Complex rocks. There is some evidence ofcorrelation between the magnetic properties and the petrologyand/or iron-titanium oxide mineralogy of the rocks. Assumingacquisition in a dipole geomagnetic field* the TRM corresponds

59/

to a North palaeo-pole (relative to Australia) at Latitude68"N, Longitude 343°E (semi-axes of the ellipse of 95 percent confidence: 23", 29"),

5. " 'Continental Drift: Implications of Palaeomagnetic Studies*Meteorology, Physical Oceanography and Climatology' byA. A. Meyerhoffi A Discussion".R.A. Facer.J. Geol., 78, (1970).

Meyerhoff's review of aspects of evidence used to "test" theContinental Drift hypothesis included comments on palaeo-magnetic evidence. Additional points made in this discussioninclude reference to (possible) non-dipole magnetic fieldeffects, together with the possible importance of correlationbetween magnetic properties and petrology/mineralogy of therocks studied. The review by Meyerhoff, and this discussion,emphasize the need for scientific caution in the considerationof evidence used in assessment of the concept of ContinentalDrift.

6. "Myrmekitic and non-myrmekitic plagioclase compositions ingneisses from Broken Sill, New South Wales."E.E. Phillips and DM. Ransom.Mneralog. Mag., Vol.37, (1970), 729-732.Miaroprobe and optical data indicate that in contrast toigneous rocks such as adamellites and granodiorites, thenon-myrmekitic plagioclase and myrmekitic plagioclase arevery similar in composition. The very fine myrmekite incontrast to coarser intergrowths found in the gneisses isassociated with muscovite and the origin of such an associationmay be related to replacement of potash feldspar duringretrograde metamorphism.

60/


1. "An Approximation for Self Sheilding"M. W. Bunder and A. Keane,

AAEC/TM539* April 1970.283Self-shielding data for U were fitted to a three-parameter

formula for inclusion in the GSMEA library. With dilution andtemperature variations included it is not possible to reproducethe results exactly but the work has aimed at reproducing thecorrect effective resonance integral while making the contri-bution to each group as correct as possible.

2. "A Paradox in Illative Combinatory Logic".M.W. Bunder.

Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic. XI, No.4. pp.467-470.

October 1970.

3. "A Two-Stage Population Model".

Keith P. Tognetti and A. MazanoV.

Mathematical Biosciences, 8, (1970), 371-378.

If an organism may exist for a constant period as an eggbefore it becomes an adult and if the birth rate perindividual and the death rate of an egg and adult areconstants, the the number of adults can be represented by thedifferential delay equation

It is shown that this equation behaves like the Malthusianequation with large t where y corresponds to the Malthusianbirth rate and 3 corresponds to the Malthusian death rate.

With the other parameters held constant the population willinevitably die out if the egg stage is increased beyond acritical value.An expression for the age density function is developed thatis shown to asymptotically approach a negative exponentialindependent of time.

61/

4. "Some Mathematical Aspects of the Lotka-Volterra Theoryof Interspecific Competition".Wollongong University College Bulletin No.24, December 1970.The mathematical techniques associated with the Lotka-Volterra competition model are reviewed. It is shown thatthe structure of euch deterministic population models canbe readily investigated with computer techniques that cannow be mastered easily by biologist, Some new structurerelating to the phase diagram of the competition model isdescribed.

62/

DIVISION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

Bead of Division: Ross DuncanMA. (Adel.)

ACADEMIC STAFF

Department of EducationSenior Lecturer

B.V. Hill, B.A., B.Ed.(W.Aust.) M.A.(Syd.) M.A.C.E.

LecturerP.R. de Looey, M.A. (Auckland) B.Sc. (N.S.W.) Ph.D. (N.E.)

Department of Geography

Senior Lecturer

F. rxvington* B.A. (lond.) M.Sc.(Soil Sci.)(Aberd.)

Cert.Ed.(Cantab.)

Lecturers

E. Dayal, M.A., Ph.D. (Delhi)

R. Robinson, B.A., Dip.Ed. (New Efigland) M.A, (N.S.W.)

Ph.D.(British Columbia)

Department of History

Professor

R. Duncan, MA. (Adel.)

Senior Lecturers

J.S. Hagan, B.A. Dip.Bd. (Syd.) Ph.D. (A.N.U.)A.M. Sealy, B.A.(Syd.) Ph.D. (A.N.U.)C.P. Kiernan, M.A. (Cantab, and Melb.) Ph.D. (N.S.W.)

(promoted December 1970)

LecturerH.N. Ingle, B.A., NLA., (Johns Hopkins)

(commenced 26th August 1970)Tutor

Miss J.A. Jeffrey, B.A. (Syd.)

63/

Department of History and Philosophy of Science

LecturerR.D. Francis, M.A. (N.Z. and Melb.) A.B.P.s.S.

Department of Psychology

Senior Lecturer

J.L. Morris* B.A. B.A.t B.Com. Dip.Psych. (Melb.)Ph.D.(Calif.) (promoted December 1970)

LecturerN. L. Adamst B. So, (N. S. W.)

D. Dieepecker, B.A.3 Ph.D., (N'csle.) M.A.P*s.S.

(commenced 2nd February 1970)

Tutor

C.G. Cupit, B.A. (Syd.)

84/


department of History

Master of Arts

Public, Professional and Political Attitudes to

Eduction in Sew South Wales circa 1880-1900.

(Miss J.A. Jeffrey - transferred from Sydney Vni.)



Scholastic Achievement, Anxiety and Family Value -

Discrepancy in Senior School Pupils.

(N.L. Adams - transferred from Kensington, 1968)

STAFF BSBE6BCU ACTIVITIES

Department of Education

Research activities have been severely limited by look of

research moneys and resources, and by pressures imposed by

a large part-time staffing pattern. It was possible to

carry out significant research only because of an unusually

low number of Diploma in Education students as a result of

the Wyndham Scheme. The research projects have been as

follows:

1. Research into the philosophical dimensions of moral

education, with publication of a study of the role

of Australian churches in education imninent.

2. A programme of auditing and contributing to a post-

graduate seminar on Ethics in Education, conducted

throughout the year by the University of Sydney.

3. Extension of doctoral study of the development of

logical thinking among Australian children, involving

65/

high-contact full-blooded Aboriginal children in

Alice Springs and Darwin (with a grant from the

Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies).

4. An investigation of the relationship between logical

thinking and verbal intelligence (auditory passive

vocabulary) among Aboriginal and white children.

5. Participation in the first stage of a long-term

assessment of the effects at primary school of the

experimental enrichment preschool kinderg 'ten at

Bourke.

6. In association with the Tertiary Education Research

Centre (University of N.S.W.), a survey of firstyear

students at Wollongong University College.

7. In association with members of the Psychology

Departments Australian National University, a study of

the cognitive development of Aboriginal children adopted

by white foster parents in Adelaide (funded by the

Aboriginal Council),


1. A land potential assessment of the partially reclaimed lands

of the lower Shoalhaven Valley. A sum of $8,000 from

Federals State and local sources has been made available for

this work.

2. Trace element and other element contamination of soil of

urban parkland, farmland and industrial land within Greater

Wollongong.

3. A project on 'The pressure of cattle population in India'

is on hand. Some maps and write-up have been completed.

The project has been supported by the Social Science Research

Council of Australia by way of a travel grant for the

66/

collection of additional data.

4. Another project in hand is on 'The Regional Aspects of

Technological change in Australian Argiculture \

This is in the initial stage of data collection and

documentation.

5. 'Residential Patterns, Structure and Post War Growth in

the Illawarra Corridor \

The research is being financed by the Illawarra Regional

Development Ccmtittee and by a grant of $100 from the State

Planning Authority._ Two research assistants and one carto-

grapher are being used in the project. At the end of 1970

the patterns of residence for 1949, 1956 and 1966 had been

established and rates of growth etc. computed, further

research into the development of a predictive model (Phase

III) will begin in early 1971.

Two further areas of research within the broad framework

of residential development are also under way:

(a) analysis of population density gradients

in the Illawarra and

(b) a factorial ecology of the urban area* based

on 1966 census data.

6. 'Explorations into Port Structure: Comparative Analysis

of Intro-Port Shipping Linkages*.

The research is in initial stages of data collection and

assembly. It is an attempt, using factor analytic technqiuestof delineating the basic patterns of shipping movement within

ports. The results should clarify the functional links

within a port area and enable ready identification of

congestion points. The research is being carried out with

the co-operation of the Maritime Services Board in Sydney.

67/

?. 'Lake Illawarra - An Urban Resource1,

This project is being carried out jointly aith the Professorof Economics and at the request of the Illawarra RegionalDevelopment Committee. Initially the research involves theco-ordination and presentation of data assembled in responseto questionnaires sent to Government Departments, Councils,etc. This should enable the identification of particularproblem areas for further research.

Department of History

1. Research is being made into the influence and importance ofscience in the thought of the French Enlightenment, Acomparative study of eighteenth century French and Englishthought on science and religion is also being undertaken.

2. In Australian history research continued during the year onthe motivation, nature and sarial status of Londoners whomigrated to Sea South Wales during the last quater of thenineteenth century.

Other fields of study Here trade unions, education duringthe late nineteenth century and the history of the labourmovement.

3. In modern colonial history further progress is reported onresearch into intercultural problems in colonial areas, andin particular, the history of native administration andindustrial development in Papua-New Guinea. Politicalproblems in Melanesia were also investigated and researchwas continued into colonial education policies in SoutheastAsia.

4. Research is being carried out into the development of theRussian State, and Russian politics and internationalrelations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

68/

5. Further progress was made in the collection of archivalmaterial and the department has acquired temporary storagespace at the Big W at Varrawong, equipped with about 1,000running feet of shelving. This shelving is now completelyfilled and the material which remains to be catalogued andshelved would fill an additional estimated S?0 running feet.All these records are potentially of great use, not only tohistorians, but to economists and geographers as well.

Department of History and Philosophy of Science

The sole staff member was on study leave during 1970.Research was commenced on Australian migration and crime.


Two lines of research were concluded during 1970:

(a) the vocational interests of personnel employedin the data processing industry, and

(b) learning via vibratory stimulation of the skin.

A magor research programme has been planned for 1971. Thisinvestigation concerns the perception of critical levels inindustrial instrumentation and control systems using twosensory modes for signal input. This research is contingenton the success of application for funds made to the A.R.G.C.

PUBLICATIONS

Department of Education

1. "Classificatory performance amoung Aboriginal and whiteAustralian children".P.R. de Looey.Report to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies,Canberra. Cyclostyled.

69/

2. "The Development of classificatory ability in Auctralianchildren".P.R. de Lacey.Paper presented to First Annual Conference on CognitiveDevelopment, Australian national University, Canberra.Cyclo8tyled.

3. "Environment and logical thinking among Aboriginal children".

P.R. de Lacey.

Paper presented to the Annual Conference of the Australian

Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, Cyclostyled.

4. "An index of contact for Aboriginal Communities11.

P.R. de Lacey.Austrl. J. Social Issues, v, (19?0), 219-223.

5. "A cross-cultural study of classificatory ability inAustralia".

P.R. de Lacey.J. Crass-Cultural Psuchol.. iv, (1970), 293-304.

6. "Custodial function and preschools. In care of preschoolchildren and some other factors relating to the employmentof women in the Tilawarra region'',

J.S. Bagan and P.R. de Lacey.Report to the Illawarra Regional Development Coimittee.Economics Department, Wollongong University College.

Cydlostyled.

?. "Social Class and Compensatory Education".J.S. Bagan and P.R. de Lacey.Outlook, v (1970)7

70/

8. "Religious Instruction in State Schools".B.V. Sill.J. Christian Eduo.* xiii, (June 1970),

9. "Different but Equal: an Examination of the Rationale fora Binary Syatem of Tertiary Education".B.V. Rill.Vestes, xiii, (July 1970).

10. "Religious and Moral Issues in Australian Schools".

B.V. Hill.Chapter in Fundamental Issues of Australian Educations ed.R. Selby Smith and A.C. Maclaine, Sydney: Novak, Dec. 1970.

11. "Education to Meet the Challenge of our Times".B.V. Rill.

J. Christian Educ.3 xiii (December 1970).

12. "Western Education at the Crossroads".B.V. Bill.

J. Christian Educ.* xiii (October 1970).


1. "The Hinterland-Foreland Continuum: Concept and

Methodology".R. Robinson.

Prof. Geogr., xxii (1970), 28-54.

2. "Systems Analysis and the Allocation of Port Investments;Recent Developments in Methodology and Application toDeveloping Countries".R. Robinson.

Paper read to Section 21, 42nd ANZAAS Congress, Port Moresby,1970.

71/


1. "Vibrotaatile code learning by young adolescent girls".

D.D. Diespecker.

Psuchon. Sei.> 18, vi, (1970)3 343-344.

2. "Short Duration Signals and Learning of Simple Vibrotactile

Cede".

D.D. Diespecker.

Aust. J. Psuchol.j. Vol.21, (1969), 319-324.

72/

HIGHER DEGREES AWARDED


P. Van der Werf (Meehanieal Engineering, 1966)

P.O. Arnold (Meehanieal Engineering, 1968)

R.T. Vheuxxy (Meehanieal Engineering, 2968)

N.F. Keenon (Metallurgy, 1968)

C,P. Kiernan (History, 1969)

R.W. Upfold (Meehanieal Engineering, 1969)

B. Ckauney (Chemistry, 1970)

G.J. Hamilton (Chemistry, 1970)

F.M. Hall (Chemistry, 1970)

G.L. Jackson (Chemistry, 1970)

I.H. Reeee (Chemistry, 1970)

Z. Hereeg (Electrical Engineering, 1970)

K.J. McLean (Electrical Engineering; 1970)

C. Chirella (Mathematics, 1970)

Master of Science

R. Rndzats, (Chemistry, 1962)

M.W. Dyos (Mathematics, 1966)

T.W. Barnes (Metallurgy, 1966)

J,P. Pollard (Mathematics, 1967)

D.J. McKeegan (Mathematics, 1967)

P.J. O'Halloran (Mathematics, 1968)

K.J* Maker (Mathematics, 1968)

J.R. Snedden (Chemistry, 1968)

A.J. Gilks (Mathematics, 1969)

A.R. DeL. Hu&grove (Mathematics, 1969)

D.G. Thompson (Mathematics, 1969)

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Master of Engineering

P. Van der Werf (Mechanical Engineering, 1964)

M.J. Lovxpey (Civil Engineering^ 1968)

Master of Engineering Science

S.R. Webb (Mechanical Engineering3 1968)

D. Roach (Mechanical Engineering, 1970)

Research - International Atomic Energy Agency

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