Power Statistics In Nigeria

10/30/2014

Power Statistics in Nigeria The State of the Nigeria Power Grid

ODUNGIDE, M. U Invasion Systems Inc

Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.

Power Statistics in Nigeria

Thermal Power Plants[1]

POWER

STATION LOCATION TYPE

RATED CAPACITY

OUTPUT CAPACITY

YEAR COMPLETED

STATUS

1 AES Barge Egbin Gas Fired Steam

Turbine. 270 MW 270 MW 2001 Operational

2

Egbin Thermal Power Station

Egbin Simple Cycle Gas

Fired Steam Turbine.

1320 MW 994 MW 1985-1986 Partially

Operational

3 Aba Power

Station Aba, Abia

State

Simple Cycle Gas Fired Steam

Turbine. 140 MW 140 MW 2012 Operational

4 Afam IV-V

Power Station

Afam, Rivers State

Simple Cycle Gas Fired Steam

Turbine. 726 MW

1982 (Afam IV)- 2002 (Afam V)

Partially Operational

5 Afam VI Power Station

Afam, Rivers State

Combined cycle gas turbine

624 MW 624 MW

2009 (Gas turbines) 2010

(Steam turbines)

Operational

6 Alaoji Power

Station Abia State


1074 Mw 225 MW 2012-2015 Partially

Operational

7 Calabar Power Station

Calabar Simple cycle gas

turbine 561 MW - 2014

Under Construction

8 Egbema Power Station

Imo State Simple cycle gas

turbine 338 - 2012-2013

Under Construction

9 Geregu I Power Station

Geregu Kogi State

Simple cycle gas turbine

414 MW - 2007 Unknown

10 Geregu II

Power Station

Geregu Kogi State


434 MW 2012 Taking off (I

quarter 2013)

11 Ibom Power

Plant Ikot Abasi


190 MW 60 MW 2009 Partially

Operational

12

Ihovbor Power Station

Benin City Simple cycle gas

turbine 450 MW - 2012-2013

Under Construction

13 Okpai Power

Station Okpai


480 MW 2005 Operational

14

Olorunsogo Power Station

Olorunsogo Simple cycle gas

turbine 336 MW 2007


http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egbema_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1



http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okpai_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okpai_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1


15

Olorunsogo II Power Station

Olorunsogo Combined cycle

gas turbine 675 MW 2012


16

Omoku Power Station

Omoku Simple cycle gas

turbine 150 MW 2005 Operational

17

Omoku II Power Station

Omoku Simple cycle gas

turbine 225 MW - 2013

Under Construction

18

Omotosho I Power Station

Omotosho Simple cycle gas

turbine 336 MW 2005 Operational

19

Omotosho II Power Station

Omotosho Simple cycle gas

turbine 450 MW 375 MW 2012

Operationally Operational

.

20 Sapele Power

Station Sapele

Gas-fired steam turbine

and Simple cycle gas turbine

1020 MW 135 MW 1978 - 1981 Partially

Operational

21 Sapele Power

Station Sapele


450 MW 2012 Operational

22

Ughelli Power Station

Delta State Simple cycle gas

turbine 900 MW 360 MW 1966-1990


Hydroelectric Power Plants[1]

HYDROELECTRIC

STATION LOCATION TYPE RIVER CAPACITY

YEAR COMPLETED

RESERVOIR NAME

1 Kainji Power

Station Kaiji, Niger

State Reservoir

Niger River

800 MW 1968 Kainji Lake

2 Jebba Power

Station Jebba, Niger

State Reservoir

Niger River

540 MW 1985 Lake Jebba

3 Shiroro Power

Station Shiroro,

Niger State Reservoir

Kaduna River

600 MW 1990 Lake Shiroro

4 Zamfara Power

Station Reservoir

Bunsuru River

100 MW 2012 Gotowa Lake

5 Kiri Power

Station

Guyuk, Adamawa

State Reservoir

Benue River

35 MW 2016 Kiri Dam

6 Kano Power

Station Kano, Kano

State Reservoir

Hadejia River

100 MW 2015 Hadejia River

7 Mambilla Power

Station 2018 Taraba State Reservoir

Gembu, Sum Sum and Nghu

Lake

3050 MW 2018 Donga River

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olorunsogo_II_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1



http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omoku_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1




The AES Barge Egbin Thermal Power Station.

This is a Gas-Fired steam turbine thermal power plant with 1320MW capacity, partially operated 994MW. It is made

up of six 220MW independent units. Currently, the AES barges 202-205 and 207-211 are losing 288MW.[3]

Currently, the Egbin ST1-5 is running short of 492MW due to gas shortage constraints.[3]

Aba Power Station

This is a Gas-Fired simple cycle turbine with 140MW whose first quarter of operation commenced on 2013. It is a

private integrated power project being built by Geometric Power System.

Afam Power Station

Afam Power Station has an installed capacity of 776MW, the plant was commissioned in phases. During the Initial

phase, 1962-1963, gas turbine units 1-4 were commissioned. During the second phase, 1976 to 1978, gas turbine

units 5 to 12 were commissioned. Gas turbine units 13 to 18 were commissioned in 1982, two gas turbine units

were added in 2001 during the final phase of the Afam Power Station extension. Currently, Afam IV-V GT17 and 18

is also running short of 96MW due to gas supply constraints.[3]

Alaoji Power Station

Alaoji Power Station, located in Abia State, with a combined cycle gas turbine with capacity of 1074MW partially

operated with only 225MW. It is designed with 4 x 112, 5MW turbines and later 2 x 255MW steam turbines. Plant

is delayed due to evacuation capacity and securitization for Shell Nigeria.[2] Currently, the Alojo Power Station Alaoji

GT3, is running short of 120MW due to gas shortage constraints.[3]

Calabar Thermal Power Station

Calabar Power Station has an installed capacity of 6.6 MW derived from three units of 2.2 MW each. Currently, it

supplies 4.4 MW to the national grid and primarily serves as a booster station to the Afam and Oji River power

stations. The Calabar Power Station was built in 1934. [2]

Kainji/Jebba Hydro Electric Plc (concession)

Kainji/Jebba Power operates as two hydro generation plants, each drawing water from the River Niger. The

combined installed capacity of the two plants is 1330 MW, with Kainji generating 760 MW and Jebba 570 MW.

Effectively, the plants operate at full capacity. Kainji began operation as Nigeria's first hydro power plant in 1968

while the Jebba plant was commissioned in 1985. Jebba is the smallest of the three operating hydro power plants

in Nigeria. In addition to generation facilities, the hydro plants have on-site Medical facilities, a staff school, a

recreation center, and a training school. The two plants are in supposedly in good condition. [2]

Oji River Power Station

Oji River Thermal Power Station was originally built to take advantage of plentiful nearby deposits of high-grade

coal. Oji generates 10 MW of power from five coal-fired boilers and four steam turbines originally installed in 1956.

The plant is the only coal-fired steam power station in Nigeria. Water from the nearly Oji River is used to feed the

steam turbines and also for cooling purposes. [2]

Sapele Power Plc

Sapele Power Plant is a thermal generating station located in Nigeria's gas- rich Delta State. Sapele has an installed

capacity of 1020 MW. Sapele Power's six 120 MW steam turbines generate a daily average of 86.72 MWH/H or

approximately 2,500 GW/H annually. Sapele Power currently operates at a peak capacity of 972 MW.

Sapele Power is strategically located in the Niger Delta region, close to sources of both natural gas feedstock and a

river for cooling its steam turbine generators.


Sapele Power includes an updated control room, a switchgear room, a staff training school, and medical and

recreational facilities. Sapele Power began operations in 1978. [2]

Shiroro Hydro Power Plc (concession)

Shiroro Power Plant was commissioned in 1990; it has an installed capacity of 600 MW. It currently runs at full

capacity, generating 2, 100 GWh of electricity annually. As Nigeria's newest hydroelectric plant, Shiroro hosts

Nigeria's SCADA-operated national control centre. Shiroro is also equipped with switchyard facilities that include a

technical “step down” function for enhanced distribution into the national grid, an advanced control room and

modern training facilities.

The plant is situated in the Shiroro Gorge on the Kaduna River, approximately 60 km from Minna, capital of Niger

State, in close proximity to Abuja, Nigeria's federal capital. [2] Due to water management issues, the Shiroro 411G2

power plant is said to be losing 150MW.[3]

Ughelli Power Plc

Ughelli Power Plc operates a gas-fired thermal plant located in the Niger Delta region. Ughelli Power is one of the

largest thermal generating power stations in

Nigeria. The plant has a peak capacity of 972 MW; it can generate 2500 GWh of electricity annually. The plant

meets current world specifications for plants of its type, and includes an updated control room, a switchgear room,

a staff training school and recreational facilities. Ughelli began operations in 1966. [2]

Geregu I Power Station

The Geregu I Power Station is located in Geregu, Kogi State running a Simple cycle gas turbine capable of delivering

414 MW as was commissioned in 2007. The power output of this plant is however Unknown. The Geregu II Power

Station in the same location running a Simple cycle gas turbine however is capable of delivering 434 MW of power.

Its first phase of operation began in 2013.[2] However Due to water management issues, the Geregu NIPP GT23 is

also losing 145MW to high frequency.[3]

Figures released by the Federal Ministry of Power showed that the country’s peak generation as of October 15,

2014 was 3,513.5MW, against peak demand of 12,800MW which is about 27% of the entire demanded capacity to

run a fully functioning uninterrupted power. Off-peak power generation for the country was 2,931MW on Sunday

October 26, 2014.[3] The drop in about 582.5MW has reduced the nation’s power supply to about 22.8% of the

demanded capacity.

The national power generation statistics obtained from the Punch indicates that collectively, the power plants have

the capacity to generate 2,142MW.[3]


America

America, 9,857,306 [7] km2 in area, with a population of 318,968,000 [8] estimated in 2014, generated about 4,058 billion kilowatthours of electricity in 2013. About 67% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuel (coal, natural

gas, and petroleum), with 39% attributed from coal.[4]

Net Generation and Consumption of Fuels for August as indicated by the US Energy Information Administration

from All Sectors and all sources is 383,494 Thousand MegaWatts-Hour.[5] This resulting in about 1063GW of Power

in Total as of Summer 2012.[6]. They have 1426 Hydroelectric Plants, 947 Wind Turbines, 351 Wood Plants, 1766

Biomass Plants, 1758 Natural Gas Plants, 66 Nuclear Plants, 557 Coal Plants, 1129 Petroleum Plants, 197

GeoThermal Plants, and 553 Solar Plants making a total of 6997 Plants generating the power for the entire

country.[6]

Power Generation by Source

Coal Natural Gas Nuclear HydroPower Biomass

Geothermal Solar Wind Petroleum Othe Gases


South Africa.

South Africa, a nation 1,221,037 km2 in area, a population of about 45,002,000 generated 44.17GW of power as

of 2010.[11].

Electricity Total installed electricity capacity (2009): ~43.5 GW In 2010, ESKOM had a generating capacity of 44,175

MW, with some 86% of this capacity in place at the company’s coal-fired power stations. Municipalities in South

Africa produced 2,400MW, and private companies provided 800MW. Electricity is generated mainly from thermal

sources. RE currently only produces approximately 1% of electricity. Primary energy (2008) South Africa uses coal,

its major indigenous energy resource, to generate most of its electricity and a significant proportion of its liquid

fuels. Because of this, South Africa is the 14th highest emitter of greenhouse gases. South Africa had proved coal

reserves of 48,000 million tonnes, produced 283 million short tons of coal and consumed 203 million short tons of

coal. It exports approximately 28% of all coal mined. As of January 1 2008, South Africa had proved oil reserves of

an estimated 15 billion barrels, and according to 2007 estimates produced approximately 199,100 bb/day and

consumed approximately 505,000 bb/day. Natural gas reserves were estimated at 27.16 million cu m in 2007, with

2.9 billion cu m being produced in 2006 and 3.1 billion cu m consumed in 2006.[11]

As of 2013, South Africa produced about 256,100GWh of electric energy.[12]

Nigeria’s electricity consumption on a per capita basis was among the lowest in the world when compared with

the average per capita electricity usage in Libya, 4,270KWH; India, 616KWH; China, 2,944KWH; South Africa, 4,803

KWH; Singapore, 8,307KWH; and the United States, 13,394KWH (Punch, December 26,2013).

By comparison, South Africa, with a population of just 50 million, has an installed electricity generation capacity of

over 52,000 MW. On a per capita consumption basis, Nigeria is ranked a distant 178th with 106.21 KWh per head,

– well behind Gabon (900.00); Ghana (283.65); Cameroon (176.01); and Kenya (124.68) (Vanguard, February 26,

2013).[14]

Comparison Table

NATION POWER GENERATION SIZE POPULATION

Nigeria 2.142 GW 923,768 km2 174,507,539[9]

United States of America 1063 GW 9,857,306[7] km2 318,968,000[8]

South Africa 44.17 GW 1,221,037 km2 54,002,000[10]


Some Causes of Power Failure in Nigeria

1. Inadequate Gas Supply

The issue of inadequate gas supply ranges from shortage of gas supply from the gas producers, to abrupt

disruption of supply due to shutting down of gas plants for maintenance. Abrupt disruption in gas supply

to the thermal stations had on several occasions resulted to the tripping of transmission lines during the

period under review.[3][13] The country is said to be losing over 1,181MW to gas supply constraints, with six

gas-fired power plants said to be affected.[3]

2. Suspected Sabotage/Willful Vandalism

Within the past week, the Okoloma Gas Plant has been down due to sabotage, blowing up and vandalism

of three of its wellheads, robbing Shell of the capacity to deliver over 180mscuf of gas on a daily basis.

When you translate this, you are talking of over 720MW of power that is stalled for the past several

days.[3][13]

3. Inadequate Water Supply.

Water levels and tides are constantly changing, and these changes also varies the outcome of the

production in power across the nation. Low frequency and high frequency affects the production rates

across the entire national grid. Due to water management issues, the Shiroro 411G2 power plant is said to

be losing 150MW, while the Geregu NIPP GT23 is also losing 145MW to high frequency.[3]

4. Poor Management and Planning

Poor Planning of Fuel Sources for these plants can also be a challenging issue. Plants are getting fuel from

very long distances and it increases the cost of channeling these resources to the points of utilization.

5. Infrastructural Instability.

Some of the Power generation plants are unstable structurally. Plants are not maintained properly and

contingencies are not provided to avoid complete power outage. Very old plants should either be replaced

of proper maintained be put in place to take care of these plants. Plants like Afam IV, deployed in 1982

which produces about 700MW of the entire power should be well maintained.

6. Unmetered Connections.

It is technically impossible to estimate the required power consumption both demand and supply because

of the numerous unmetered connections. Houses are not well estimated and planned, as a result, the

infrastructure provided in the area cannot successfully carry and sustain these areas because the actual

weighted load is more than the estimated load. In effect, the Transformers and the generating plants end

up being sucked up by the excessive load fed to the distribution/consumption channel.


Possible Solutions.

1. Power Diversity: Nigeria should try other sources of power generation, tapping into Renewable sources of energy. These

energy would guarantee the successful delivery of more than the required capacity. Solar energy is one of

the major sources of the entire U.S power production. Renewable Energy Provides 37% of All New US

Electrical Generating Capacity in 2013, totaling about 5,279 MW. [16]

2. Management Currently, I commend Nigeria for a nice insight into segmenting the various streams of power supply and

generation in the nation. We now have about 11 Distribution Companies situated in major cities and

geoloations of the nation to aid in the power distribution. Also have about 11 Management Companies

overseeing the affairs of the power in the nation. [15]

3. Construction of more Power Plants The government should invest in the construction of more power plants across the nation. This would allow

segmentation of power production and distribution across the entire nation. This also eliminates a ‘single

point of failure’ along the entire national power grid. Failure in the Southern Part of the nation localized

the effect to just a few villages and not the entire power grid.

4. Metering of Existing/New Connections:

Another major area that should be taken care of is the area of meters. The connections to the national grid

from the consumer’s terminals should be carefully metered. The cost of power in the nation is relatively

very high and as such, Nigerians device means and avenue of paying less for more power, part of which

includes tempering with the power meters and transformer terminals. Power should be generated

accordingly and then the bill should be made affordable to the masses.

5. Town Planning. After a forecast is done in an area, it is necessary to re-evaluate the area when new residents and buildings

are put in place. When new houses are built in an area, the forecast would show using the allowed offset

to accommodate the new building and its load. In a situation where new houses and built in an area, and

the facilities are not upgraded, it increases the total overhead on the workability of these infrastructure

which eventually will cause a huge overload on them, leaving to stretch and eventually a break in these

devices. The cost of replacing these devices run across the entire national budget. Moving small units and

to areas demanding small units and replacing with a larger unit is relatively cheaper than buying an entire

machine.

Nigeria now has no specified power maximum in an area, no clear distinction between industrial power

supply and domestic/residential power supply. If these were done, it would be clear that some of the

companies still using the national grid are large enough to generate their power, reserving the national

grid for the domestic and residential utilization.

The last of all probably solutions to the Nigerian power, is that Nigerian should be sincere to and with themselves.


References.

[1]. List of power stations in Nigeria, Wikipedia Inc, Sept, 5 2014, [Accessed: 29 Oct, 2014], [Available online]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Nigeria

[2]. Nigeria’s Generation Companies, Jehata.com, 2011, [Accessed: 28 Oct, 2014], [Available online]

http://www.aps.jehata.com/gencomp.html

[3]. Power: Nigeria loses 1,476MW to gas, water shortage, Punch Nigeria, October 29, 2014, Standley Opara,

[Accessed: October 29, 2014], [Available Online] http://www.punchng.com/business/business-

economy/power-nigeria-loses-1476mw-to-gas-water-shortage/

[4]. What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?, US Energy Information Administration, June 13, 2014,

[Accessed: 30 Oct. 2014], [Available online] http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3

[5]. Electric Power Monthly, US Energy Information Administration, October 27, 2014, [Accessed: 30 Oct.

2014], [Available online] http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_es1a

[6]. Electrical Generation in 2012, Wikipedia Inc, August 29, 2014, [Accessed: 30 Oct. 2014], [Available online]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States#Electricity_generation

[7]. “State and other areas”, U.S. Census Bureau, MAF/TIGER database as of August, 2010, excluding the U.S.

Minor Outlying Islands. viewed October 22, 2014.

[8]. "U.S. and World Population Clock". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2014.

[9]. "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).

[10]. "Mid-year population estimates 2014" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 5 August 2014.

[11]. Energy Profile: South Africa, Reegle.info, [Accessed: 30 Oct, 2014], [Available Online]

http://cigrasp.pik-potsdam.de/countries/833900607/energy_profile

[12]. "Workbook of historical data 1985-2013- Electricity generation:Statistical review of world energy

2014". Retrieved 4 July 2014. [Available Online] http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/Energy-

Economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-Statistical_Review_of_world_energy_2014_workbook.xlsx

[13]. Nigeria’s Electrical Crisis: From Bad to worse, ThisDayLive, 09 Jul, 2013, [Accessed: 30 October

2014], [Available Online] http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/nigeria-s-electricity-crisis-from-bad-to-

worse/152810/

[14]. Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, ISSN 2201 - 4268 , Volume 6 , Number 1 , 201 4 , 161

– 174, [Accessed: 30 October 2014], [Available online]

http://www.infinitypress.info/index.php/jsds/article/download/704/324

[15]. http://energycouncil.gov.ng/docs/Oppurtunities_for_Investment_in_Power.pdf

[16]. Renewable Energy Provides 37% of All New US Electrical Generating Capacity in 2013, January 27,

2014, Renewable Energy World. [Accessed: 29 Oct. 2014], [Available online]

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/01/renewable-energy-provides-37-of-

all-new-us-electrical-generating-capacity-in-2013

Power Statistics In Nigeria

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