10/30/2014
Power Statistics in Nigeria The State of the Nigeria Power Grid
ODUNGIDE, M. U Invasion Systems Inc
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
Power Statistics in Nigeria
Thermal Power Plants[1]
POWER
STATION LOCATION TYPE
RATED CAPACITY
OUTPUT CAPACITY
YEAR COMPLETED
STATUS
1 AES Barge Egbin Gas Fired Steam
Turbine. 270 MW 270 MW 2001 Operational
2
Egbin Thermal Power Station
Egbin Simple Cycle Gas
Fired Steam Turbine.
1320 MW 994 MW 1985-1986 Partially
Operational
3 Aba Power
Station Aba, Abia
State
Simple Cycle Gas Fired Steam
Turbine. 140 MW 140 MW 2012 Operational
4 Afam IV-V
Power Station
Afam, Rivers State
Simple Cycle Gas Fired Steam
Turbine. 726 MW
1982 (Afam IV)- 2002 (Afam V)
Partially Operational
5 Afam VI Power Station
Afam, Rivers State
Combined cycle gas turbine
624 MW 624 MW
2009 (Gas turbines) 2010
(Steam turbines)
Operational
6 Alaoji Power
Station Abia State
Combined cycle gas turbine
1074 Mw 225 MW 2012-2015 Partially
Operational
7 Calabar Power Station
Calabar Simple cycle gas
turbine 561 MW - 2014
Under Construction
8 Egbema Power Station
Imo State Simple cycle gas
turbine 338 - 2012-2013
Under Construction
9 Geregu I Power Station
Geregu Kogi State
Simple cycle gas turbine
414 MW - 2007 Unknown
10 Geregu II
Power Station
Geregu Kogi State
Simple cycle gas turbine
434 MW 2012 Taking off (I
quarter 2013)
11 Ibom Power
Plant Ikot Abasi
Simple cycle gas turbine
190 MW 60 MW 2009 Partially
Operational
12
Ihovbor Power Station
Benin City Simple cycle gas
turbine 450 MW - 2012-2013
Under Construction
13 Okpai Power
Station Okpai
Combined cycle gas turbine
480 MW 2005 Operational
14
Olorunsogo Power Station
Olorunsogo Simple cycle gas
turbine 336 MW 2007
Partially Operational
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
15
Olorunsogo II Power Station
Olorunsogo Combined cycle
gas turbine 675 MW 2012
Partially Operational
16
Omoku Power Station
Omoku Simple cycle gas
turbine 150 MW 2005 Operational
17
Omoku II Power Station
Omoku Simple cycle gas
turbine 225 MW - 2013
Under Construction
18
Omotosho I Power Station
Omotosho Simple cycle gas
turbine 336 MW 2005 Operational
19
Omotosho II Power Station
Omotosho Simple cycle gas
turbine 450 MW 375 MW 2012
Operationally Operational
.
20 Sapele Power
Station Sapele
Gas-fired steam turbine
and Simple cycle gas turbine
1020 MW 135 MW 1978 - 1981 Partially
Operational
21 Sapele Power
Station Sapele
Simple cycle gas turbine
450 MW 2012 Operational
22
Ughelli Power Station
Delta State Simple cycle gas
turbine 900 MW 360 MW 1966-1990
Partially Operational
Hydroelectric Power Plants[1]
HYDROELECTRIC
STATION LOCATION TYPE RIVER CAPACITY
YEAR COMPLETED
RESERVOIR NAME
1 Kainji Power
Station Kaiji, Niger
State Reservoir
Niger River
800 MW 1968 Kainji Lake
2 Jebba Power
Station Jebba, Niger
State Reservoir
Niger River
540 MW 1985 Lake Jebba
3 Shiroro Power
Station Shiroro,
Niger State Reservoir
Kaduna River
600 MW 1990 Lake Shiroro
4 Zamfara Power
Station Reservoir
Bunsuru River
100 MW 2012 Gotowa Lake
5 Kiri Power
Station
Guyuk, Adamawa
State Reservoir
Benue River
35 MW 2016 Kiri Dam
6 Kano Power
Station Kano, Kano
State Reservoir
Hadejia River
100 MW 2015 Hadejia River
7 Mambilla Power
Station 2018 Taraba State Reservoir
Gembu, Sum Sum and Nghu
Lake
3050 MW 2018 Donga River
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
The AES Barge Egbin Thermal Power Station.
This is a Gas-Fired steam turbine thermal power plant with 1320MW capacity, partially operated 994MW. It is made
up of six 220MW independent units. Currently, the AES barges 202-205 and 207-211 are losing 288MW.[3]
Currently, the Egbin ST1-5 is running short of 492MW due to gas shortage constraints.[3]
Aba Power Station
This is a Gas-Fired simple cycle turbine with 140MW whose first quarter of operation commenced on 2013. It is a
private integrated power project being built by Geometric Power System.
Afam Power Station
Afam Power Station has an installed capacity of 776MW, the plant was commissioned in phases. During the Initial
phase, 1962-1963, gas turbine units 1-4 were commissioned. During the second phase, 1976 to 1978, gas turbine
units 5 to 12 were commissioned. Gas turbine units 13 to 18 were commissioned in 1982, two gas turbine units
were added in 2001 during the final phase of the Afam Power Station extension. Currently, Afam IV-V GT17 and 18
is also running short of 96MW due to gas supply constraints.[3]
Alaoji Power Station
Alaoji Power Station, located in Abia State, with a combined cycle gas turbine with capacity of 1074MW partially
operated with only 225MW. It is designed with 4 x 112, 5MW turbines and later 2 x 255MW steam turbines. Plant
is delayed due to evacuation capacity and securitization for Shell Nigeria.[2] Currently, the Alojo Power Station Alaoji
GT3, is running short of 120MW due to gas shortage constraints.[3]
Calabar Thermal Power Station
Calabar Power Station has an installed capacity of 6.6 MW derived from three units of 2.2 MW each. Currently, it
supplies 4.4 MW to the national grid and primarily serves as a booster station to the Afam and Oji River power
stations. The Calabar Power Station was built in 1934. [2]
Kainji/Jebba Hydro Electric Plc (concession)
Kainji/Jebba Power operates as two hydro generation plants, each drawing water from the River Niger. The
combined installed capacity of the two plants is 1330 MW, with Kainji generating 760 MW and Jebba 570 MW.
Effectively, the plants operate at full capacity. Kainji began operation as Nigeria's first hydro power plant in 1968
while the Jebba plant was commissioned in 1985. Jebba is the smallest of the three operating hydro power plants
in Nigeria. In addition to generation facilities, the hydro plants have on-site Medical facilities, a staff school, a
recreation center, and a training school. The two plants are in supposedly in good condition. [2]
Oji River Power Station
Oji River Thermal Power Station was originally built to take advantage of plentiful nearby deposits of high-grade
coal. Oji generates 10 MW of power from five coal-fired boilers and four steam turbines originally installed in 1956.
The plant is the only coal-fired steam power station in Nigeria. Water from the nearly Oji River is used to feed the
steam turbines and also for cooling purposes. [2]
Sapele Power Plc
Sapele Power Plant is a thermal generating station located in Nigeria's gas- rich Delta State. Sapele has an installed
capacity of 1020 MW. Sapele Power's six 120 MW steam turbines generate a daily average of 86.72 MWH/H or
approximately 2,500 GW/H annually. Sapele Power currently operates at a peak capacity of 972 MW.
Sapele Power is strategically located in the Niger Delta region, close to sources of both natural gas feedstock and a
river for cooling its steam turbine generators.
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
Sapele Power includes an updated control room, a switchgear room, a staff training school, and medical and
recreational facilities. Sapele Power began operations in 1978. [2]
Shiroro Hydro Power Plc (concession)
Shiroro Power Plant was commissioned in 1990; it has an installed capacity of 600 MW. It currently runs at full
capacity, generating 2, 100 GWh of electricity annually. As Nigeria's newest hydroelectric plant, Shiroro hosts
Nigeria's SCADA-operated national control centre. Shiroro is also equipped with switchyard facilities that include a
technical “step down” function for enhanced distribution into the national grid, an advanced control room and
modern training facilities.
The plant is situated in the Shiroro Gorge on the Kaduna River, approximately 60 km from Minna, capital of Niger
State, in close proximity to Abuja, Nigeria's federal capital. [2] Due to water management issues, the Shiroro 411G2
power plant is said to be losing 150MW.[3]
Ughelli Power Plc
Ughelli Power Plc operates a gas-fired thermal plant located in the Niger Delta region. Ughelli Power is one of the
largest thermal generating power stations in
Nigeria. The plant has a peak capacity of 972 MW; it can generate 2500 GWh of electricity annually. The plant
meets current world specifications for plants of its type, and includes an updated control room, a switchgear room,
a staff training school and recreational facilities. Ughelli began operations in 1966. [2]
Geregu I Power Station
The Geregu I Power Station is located in Geregu, Kogi State running a Simple cycle gas turbine capable of delivering
414 MW as was commissioned in 2007. The power output of this plant is however Unknown. The Geregu II Power
Station in the same location running a Simple cycle gas turbine however is capable of delivering 434 MW of power.
Its first phase of operation began in 2013.[2] However Due to water management issues, the Geregu NIPP GT23 is
also losing 145MW to high frequency.[3]
Figures released by the Federal Ministry of Power showed that the country’s peak generation as of October 15,
2014 was 3,513.5MW, against peak demand of 12,800MW which is about 27% of the entire demanded capacity to
run a fully functioning uninterrupted power. Off-peak power generation for the country was 2,931MW on Sunday
October 26, 2014.[3] The drop in about 582.5MW has reduced the nation’s power supply to about 22.8% of the
demanded capacity.
The national power generation statistics obtained from the Punch indicates that collectively, the power plants have
the capacity to generate 2,142MW.[3]
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
America
America, 9,857,306 [7] km2 in area, with a population of 318,968,000 [8] estimated in 2014, generated about 4,058 billion kilowatthours of electricity in 2013. About 67% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuel (coal, natural
gas, and petroleum), with 39% attributed from coal.[4]
Net Generation and Consumption of Fuels for August as indicated by the US Energy Information Administration
from All Sectors and all sources is 383,494 Thousand MegaWatts-Hour.[5] This resulting in about 1063GW of Power
in Total as of Summer 2012.[6]. They have 1426 Hydroelectric Plants, 947 Wind Turbines, 351 Wood Plants, 1766
Biomass Plants, 1758 Natural Gas Plants, 66 Nuclear Plants, 557 Coal Plants, 1129 Petroleum Plants, 197
GeoThermal Plants, and 553 Solar Plants making a total of 6997 Plants generating the power for the entire
country.[6]
Power Generation by Source
Coal Natural Gas Nuclear HydroPower Biomass
Geothermal Solar Wind Petroleum Othe Gases
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
South Africa.
South Africa, a nation 1,221,037 km2 in area, a population of about 45,002,000 generated 44.17GW of power as
of 2010.[11].
Electricity Total installed electricity capacity (2009): ~43.5 GW In 2010, ESKOM had a generating capacity of 44,175
MW, with some 86% of this capacity in place at the company’s coal-fired power stations. Municipalities in South
Africa produced 2,400MW, and private companies provided 800MW. Electricity is generated mainly from thermal
sources. RE currently only produces approximately 1% of electricity. Primary energy (2008) South Africa uses coal,
its major indigenous energy resource, to generate most of its electricity and a significant proportion of its liquid
fuels. Because of this, South Africa is the 14th highest emitter of greenhouse gases. South Africa had proved coal
reserves of 48,000 million tonnes, produced 283 million short tons of coal and consumed 203 million short tons of
coal. It exports approximately 28% of all coal mined. As of January 1 2008, South Africa had proved oil reserves of
an estimated 15 billion barrels, and according to 2007 estimates produced approximately 199,100 bb/day and
consumed approximately 505,000 bb/day. Natural gas reserves were estimated at 27.16 million cu m in 2007, with
2.9 billion cu m being produced in 2006 and 3.1 billion cu m consumed in 2006.[11]
As of 2013, South Africa produced about 256,100GWh of electric energy.[12]
Nigeria’s electricity consumption on a per capita basis was among the lowest in the world when compared with
the average per capita electricity usage in Libya, 4,270KWH; India, 616KWH; China, 2,944KWH; South Africa, 4,803
KWH; Singapore, 8,307KWH; and the United States, 13,394KWH (Punch, December 26,2013).
By comparison, South Africa, with a population of just 50 million, has an installed electricity generation capacity of
over 52,000 MW. On a per capita consumption basis, Nigeria is ranked a distant 178th with 106.21 KWh per head,
– well behind Gabon (900.00); Ghana (283.65); Cameroon (176.01); and Kenya (124.68) (Vanguard, February 26,
2013).[14]
Comparison Table
NATION POWER GENERATION SIZE POPULATION
Nigeria 2.142 GW 923,768 km2 174,507,539[9]
United States of America 1063 GW 9,857,306[7] km2 318,968,000[8]
South Africa 44.17 GW 1,221,037 km2 54,002,000[10]
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
Some Causes of Power Failure in Nigeria
1. Inadequate Gas Supply
The issue of inadequate gas supply ranges from shortage of gas supply from the gas producers, to abrupt
disruption of supply due to shutting down of gas plants for maintenance. Abrupt disruption in gas supply
to the thermal stations had on several occasions resulted to the tripping of transmission lines during the
period under review.[3][13] The country is said to be losing over 1,181MW to gas supply constraints, with six
gas-fired power plants said to be affected.[3]
2. Suspected Sabotage/Willful Vandalism
Within the past week, the Okoloma Gas Plant has been down due to sabotage, blowing up and vandalism
of three of its wellheads, robbing Shell of the capacity to deliver over 180mscuf of gas on a daily basis.
When you translate this, you are talking of over 720MW of power that is stalled for the past several
days.[3][13]
3. Inadequate Water Supply.
Water levels and tides are constantly changing, and these changes also varies the outcome of the
production in power across the nation. Low frequency and high frequency affects the production rates
across the entire national grid. Due to water management issues, the Shiroro 411G2 power plant is said to
be losing 150MW, while the Geregu NIPP GT23 is also losing 145MW to high frequency.[3]
4. Poor Management and Planning
Poor Planning of Fuel Sources for these plants can also be a challenging issue. Plants are getting fuel from
very long distances and it increases the cost of channeling these resources to the points of utilization.
5. Infrastructural Instability.
Some of the Power generation plants are unstable structurally. Plants are not maintained properly and
contingencies are not provided to avoid complete power outage. Very old plants should either be replaced
of proper maintained be put in place to take care of these plants. Plants like Afam IV, deployed in 1982
which produces about 700MW of the entire power should be well maintained.
6. Unmetered Connections.
It is technically impossible to estimate the required power consumption both demand and supply because
of the numerous unmetered connections. Houses are not well estimated and planned, as a result, the
infrastructure provided in the area cannot successfully carry and sustain these areas because the actual
weighted load is more than the estimated load. In effect, the Transformers and the generating plants end
up being sucked up by the excessive load fed to the distribution/consumption channel.
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
Possible Solutions.
1. Power Diversity: Nigeria should try other sources of power generation, tapping into Renewable sources of energy. These
energy would guarantee the successful delivery of more than the required capacity. Solar energy is one of
the major sources of the entire U.S power production. Renewable Energy Provides 37% of All New US
Electrical Generating Capacity in 2013, totaling about 5,279 MW. [16]
2. Management Currently, I commend Nigeria for a nice insight into segmenting the various streams of power supply and
generation in the nation. We now have about 11 Distribution Companies situated in major cities and
geoloations of the nation to aid in the power distribution. Also have about 11 Management Companies
overseeing the affairs of the power in the nation. [15]
3. Construction of more Power Plants The government should invest in the construction of more power plants across the nation. This would allow
segmentation of power production and distribution across the entire nation. This also eliminates a ‘single
point of failure’ along the entire national power grid. Failure in the Southern Part of the nation localized
the effect to just a few villages and not the entire power grid.
4. Metering of Existing/New Connections:
Another major area that should be taken care of is the area of meters. The connections to the national grid
from the consumer’s terminals should be carefully metered. The cost of power in the nation is relatively
very high and as such, Nigerians device means and avenue of paying less for more power, part of which
includes tempering with the power meters and transformer terminals. Power should be generated
accordingly and then the bill should be made affordable to the masses.
5. Town Planning. After a forecast is done in an area, it is necessary to re-evaluate the area when new residents and buildings
are put in place. When new houses are built in an area, the forecast would show using the allowed offset
to accommodate the new building and its load. In a situation where new houses and built in an area, and
the facilities are not upgraded, it increases the total overhead on the workability of these infrastructure
which eventually will cause a huge overload on them, leaving to stretch and eventually a break in these
devices. The cost of replacing these devices run across the entire national budget. Moving small units and
to areas demanding small units and replacing with a larger unit is relatively cheaper than buying an entire
machine.
Nigeria now has no specified power maximum in an area, no clear distinction between industrial power
supply and domestic/residential power supply. If these were done, it would be clear that some of the
companies still using the national grid are large enough to generate their power, reserving the national
grid for the domestic and residential utilization.
The last of all probably solutions to the Nigerian power, is that Nigerian should be sincere to and with themselves.
Power Statistics in Nigeria ODUNGIDE, MFON U.
References.
[1]. List of power stations in Nigeria, Wikipedia Inc, Sept, 5 2014, [Accessed: 29 Oct, 2014], [Available online]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Nigeria
[2]. Nigeria’s Generation Companies, Jehata.com, 2011, [Accessed: 28 Oct, 2014], [Available online]
http://www.aps.jehata.com/gencomp.html
[3]. Power: Nigeria loses 1,476MW to gas, water shortage, Punch Nigeria, October 29, 2014, Standley Opara,
[Accessed: October 29, 2014], [Available Online] http://www.punchng.com/business/business-
economy/power-nigeria-loses-1476mw-to-gas-water-shortage/
[4]. What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?, US Energy Information Administration, June 13, 2014,
[Accessed: 30 Oct. 2014], [Available online] http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3
[5]. Electric Power Monthly, US Energy Information Administration, October 27, 2014, [Accessed: 30 Oct.
2014], [Available online] http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_es1a
[6]. Electrical Generation in 2012, Wikipedia Inc, August 29, 2014, [Accessed: 30 Oct. 2014], [Available online]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States#Electricity_generation
[7]. “State and other areas”, U.S. Census Bureau, MAF/TIGER database as of August, 2010, excluding the U.S.
Minor Outlying Islands. viewed October 22, 2014.
[8]. "U.S. and World Population Clock". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
[9]. "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States).
[10]. "Mid-year population estimates 2014" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
[11]. Energy Profile: South Africa, Reegle.info, [Accessed: 30 Oct, 2014], [Available Online]
http://cigrasp.pik-potsdam.de/countries/833900607/energy_profile
[12]. "Workbook of historical data 1985-2013- Electricity generation:Statistical review of world energy
2014". Retrieved 4 July 2014. [Available Online] http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/Energy-
Economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-Statistical_Review_of_world_energy_2014_workbook.xlsx
[13]. Nigeria’s Electrical Crisis: From Bad to worse, ThisDayLive, 09 Jul, 2013, [Accessed: 30 October
2014], [Available Online] http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/nigeria-s-electricity-crisis-from-bad-to-
worse/152810/
[14]. Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, ISSN 2201 - 4268 , Volume 6 , Number 1 , 201 4 , 161
– 174, [Accessed: 30 October 2014], [Available online]
http://www.infinitypress.info/index.php/jsds/article/download/704/324
[15]. http://energycouncil.gov.ng/docs/Oppurtunities_for_Investment_in_Power.pdf
[16]. Renewable Energy Provides 37% of All New US Electrical Generating Capacity in 2013, January 27,
2014, Renewable Energy World. [Accessed: 29 Oct. 2014], [Available online]
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/01/renewable-energy-provides-37-of-
all-new-us-electrical-generating-capacity-in-2013
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