PIC microcontroller projects in C : basic to advanced - GBV

PIC Microcontroller Projects in C

Basic to Advanced

Dogan Ibrahim

ELSEVIER

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON

NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO

SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO

Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier

%Newnes

Contents

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

Chapter 1 Microcomputer Systems 7

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Microcontroller Systems 1

1.3. Summary 6

1.4. Exercises 6

Chapter 2 mikroC Pro for PIC Programming Language 9

2.1. Structure of a mikroC Pro for PIC Program 10

2.2. Arrays 12

2.3. Pointers 13

2.4. Structures 14

2.5. Operators in C 15

2.6. Modifying the Flow of Control 15

If Statement 15

for Statement 17

while Statement 18

do Statement 19

goto Statement 19

2.7. mikroC Pro for PIC Functions 20

2.8. mikroC Pro for PIC Library Functions 20

2.9. Summary 20

2.10. Exercises 22

Chapter 3 MPLAB X IDE and MPLAB XC8 C Programming Language 25

3.1. The PICDEM PIC 18 Explorer Development Board 26

3.1.1. Module Connections on the Explorer Board 28

3.1.2. Using the PICkit 3 to Program/Debug 29

3.2. MPLAB X IDE 29

3.3. MPLAB XC8 Compiler 29

3.3.1. Programming Other Boards Using the MPLAB X 39

3.3.2. Features of the XC8 Language 42

V

vi Contents

3.4. Summary 49

3.5. Exercises 50

Chapter 4 Microcontroller Program Development 57

4.1. Using the PDL and Flow Charts 52

4.1.1. BEGIN—END 52

4.1.2. Sequencing 52

4.1.3. IF—THEN—ELSE—ENDIF 52

4.1.4. DO—ENDDO 54

4.1.5. REPEAT-UNTIL 55

4.1.6. Calling Subprograms 55

4.1.7. Subprogram Structure 56

4.2. Examples 57

4.3. Representing for Loops in Flow Charts 63

4.3.1. Method 1 63

4.3.2. Method 2 64

4.3.3. Method 3 64

4.4. Summary 64

4.5. Exercises 65

Chapter 5 Simple PIC18 Projects 67

Project 5.1—Chasing LEDs 70

Project Description 70

Current Sinking 70

Current Sourcing 71

Project Hardware 72

Project PDL 73

Project Program 73

Further Development 76

Project 5.2—Complex Flashing LED 76


Project Hardware 76

Project PDL 76

Project Program 76

Project 5.3—Random Flashing LEDs 78


Project Hardware 80

Project PDL 80

Project Program 80

Project 5.4—Logic Probe 81


Contents vii

Project Hardware 81

Project PDL 83

Project Program 84

Further Development 85

Project 5.5—LED Dice 85


Project Hardware 87

Project PDL 91

Project Program 92

Using a Random Number Generator 94

Project 5.6—Two-Dice Project 94


Project Hardware 96

Project PDL 96

Project Program 98

Project 5.7—Two-Dice Project Using Fewer I/O Pins 98


Project Hardware 101

Project PDL 103

Project Program 105

Modifying the Program 107

Project 5.8—7-Segment LED Counter 109



Project PDL 115

Project Program 116

Modified Program 118

Project 5.9—Two-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED 120



Project PDL 123

Project Program 123

Project 5.10—Four-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED 125



Project PDL 125

Project Program 127

Project 5.11—LED Voltmeter 129


viii Contents


Project PDL 131

Project Program 131

Project 5.12—LCD Voltmeter 140


HD44780 LCD Module 141

Connecting the LCD to the Microcontroller 142


Project PDL 143

Project Program 143

Project 5.13—Generating Sound 156



Project PDL 156

Project 5.14—Generating Custom LCD Fonts 160


Circuit Diagram 163

Project PDL 163

Project Program 164

Project 5.15—Digital Thermometer 168


Circuit Diagram 168

Project PDL 168

Project Program 169

Chapter 6 Intermediate PIC 18 Projects 173

Project 6.1—Four-Digit Multiplexed Seven-Segment Light EmittingDiode Event Counter Using an External Interrupt 175



Project PDL 179

Project Program 179

Modified Program 186

Project 6.2—Calculator with a Keypad and Liquid Crystal Display ...

190



Project PDL 192

Project Program 192

Program Using Built-in Keypad Function 198

Project 6.3—The High/Low Game 206

Contents ix


Generating a Random Number 207

Block Diagram 207

Circuit Diagram 208

Project PDL 209

Project Program 209

Project 6.4—Generating Waveforms 214


DAC Converter 215

The SPIBus 216

Generating Sawtooth Waveform 217

Project PDL 219

Project Program 219

Generating Triangle Waveform 229

Generating an Arbitrary Waveform 229

Generating Sine Waveform 234

Generating Square Waveform 239

Project 6.5—Ultrasonic Human Height Measurement 248



Project PDL 251

Project Program 252

Project 6.6—Minielectronic Organ 258



Project PDL 260

Project Program 260

Project 6.7—Frequency Counter with an LCD Display 262


Project PDL 264

Project Program 264

Project 6.8—Reaction Timer 268



Project PDL 269

Project Program 270

Project 6.9—Temperature and Relative Humidity Measurement 277


Block Diagram 281

x Contents

Circuit Diagram 281

Project PDL 282

Project Program 282

Project 6.10—Thermometer with an RS232 Serial Output 290



Project PDL 294

Project Program 294

Testing the Program 297

Using USB-RS232 Converter Cable 297

Using the USB UART Port 299

Project 6.11—Microcontroller and a PC-Based Calculator 304



Project PDL 304

Project Program 306

Testing the Program 306

Project 6.12—GPS with an LCD Output 306



Project PDL 312

Project Program 313

Project 6.13—ON-OFF Temperature Control 317



Project PDL 319

Project Program 319

Chapter 7 Advanced PIC18 Projects 327

Project 7.1—Bluetooth Serial Communication—Slave Mode 333

RN41 Bluetooth Module 334


Project PDL 346

Project Program 346

Project 7.2—Bluetooth Serial Communication—Master Mode 361


Project PDL 361

Project Program 363

Project 7.3—Using the RFID 369

Radiofrequency Identification 369

Contents xi


Project PDL 377

Project Program 379

Project 7.4—RFID Lock 387


Project PDL 388

Project Program 389

Project 7.5—Complex SPI Bus Project 389

The Master Synchronous Serial Port Module 389

MSSP in the SPI Mode 396

SPI Mode Registers 397

Operation in the SPI Mode 398

Sending Data to the Slave 400

Receiving Data From the Slave 400

Configuration of MSSP for the SPI Master Mode 400

Data Clock Rate 400

Clock Edge Mode 401

Enabling the SPI Mode 401

TC72 Temperature Sensor 402

TC72 Read/Write Operations 404

Internal Registers of the TC72 405

Control Register 405

LSB and MSB Registers 405

Manufacturer ID 405


The Program 407

Displaying Negative Temperatures 413

Displaying the Fractional Part 414

Project 7.6—Real-Time Clock Using an RTC Chip 414


Project PDL 427

Project Program 427

Project 7.7—Real-Time Alarm Clock 436


Project PDL 438

Project Program 439

Project 7.8—SD Card Projects—Write Text To a File 439

Operation of the SD Card in the SPI Mode 449

Reading Data 451

xii Contents

Writing Data 451



Project PDL 453

Project Program 453

Setting the Configuration Files 462

MPLAB XC8 MDD Library Functions 463

Library Options 464

Microcontroller Memory Usage 464

Sequence of Function Calls 465

Reading From an Existing File 465

Writing to an Existing File 465

Deleting an Existing File 466

Project 7.9—SD Card-Based Temperature Data Logger 466

Hardware Description 468

Project Program 469

Project 7.10—Using Graphics LCD—Displaying Various Shapes . . .

.477

The 128 x 64 Pixel GLCD 478

Operation of the GLCD 480

mikroC Pro for PIC GLCD Library Functions 481

Glcd_Init 481

Glcd_Set_Side 482

Glcd_Set_X 482

Glcd_Set_Page 482

Glcd_Write_Data 482

Glcd_Fill 482

Glcd_Dot 482

Glcd_Line 483

Glcd_V_Line 483

Glcd_H_Line 483

Glcd_Rectangle 483

Glcd_Rectangle_Round_Edges_Fill 484

Glcd_Box 484

Glcd_Circle 485

Glcd_Circle_Fill 485

Glcd_Set_Font 485

Glcd_Set_Font_Adv 486

Glcd_Write_Char 486

Glcd_Write_Char_Adv 486

Contents xiii

Glcd_Write_Text 486

Glcd_Write_Text_Adv 487

Glcd_Write_Const_Text_Adv 487

Glcdjmage 487


Project Program 487

Project 7.11—Barometer, Thermometer and Altimeter Display on

a GLCD 490


Project PDL 494

Project Program 494

Project 7.12—Plotting the Temperature Variation on the GLCD 501


Block Diagram 501

Circuit Diagram 501

Project PDL 502

Project Program 502

Project 7.13—Using the Ethernet—Web Browser-Based Control 508

Ethernet Connectivity 509

Embedded Ethernet Controller Chips 510

Embedded Ethernet Access Methods 510


The Construction 515

Project PDL 516

Project Software 516

Project 7.14—Using the Ethernet—UDP-Based Control 521

The Hardware 521

The PC Program 521

The Microcontroller Program 522

Project 7.15—Digital Signal Processing—Low Pass FIR DigitalFilter Project 522

The Filter Structure 525

The Hardware 528

Project PDL 528

Project Program 529

Project 7.16—Automotive Project—Local Interconnect Network

Bus Project 535

The LIN Protocol 536


xiv Contents


Project PDL 541

Project Program 541

Project 7.17—Automotive Project—Can Bus Project 550

Data Frame 553

Remote Frame 555

Error Frame 555

Overload Frame 555

Bit Stuffing 556

Nominal Bit Timing 556

PIC Microcontroller CAN Interface 558

PIC18F258 Microcontroller 559

Configuration Mode 561

Disable Mode 561

Normal Operation Mode 561

Listen-only Mode 561

Loop-back Mode 561

Error Recognition Mode 562

CAN Message Transmission 562

CAN Message Reception 562

Calculating the Timing Parameters 563

mikroC Pro for PIC CAN Functions 564

CAN Bus Programming 568

CAN Bus Project Description—Temperature Sensor and Display. . .568

The COLLECTOR Processor 569

The DISPLAY Processor 569

DISPLAY Program 570

COLLECTOR Program 574

Project 7.18 Multitasking 578

Cooperative Scheduling 579

Round-robin Scheduling 579

Preemptive Scheduling 580

Project 1—Using Cooperative Multitasking 581


Project PDL 582

Project Program 582

Project 2—Using Round-Robin Multitasking With Variable CPU

Time Allocation 590


Contents xv


Project Program 594

Project 7.19—Stepper Motor Control Projects—Simple UnipolarMotor Drive 598

Unipolar Stepper Motors 598

Bipolar Stepper Motors 600



Project PDL 602

Project Program 602

Project 7.20—Stepper Motor Control Projects—Complex Control

Of A Unipolar Motor 604


Project Program 604

Project 7.21—Stepper Motor Control Project—Simple BipolarMotor Drive 608



Project Program 611

Project 7.22—DC Motor Control Projects—Simple Motor Drive 613



Project Program 618

Project 7.23—A Homemade Optical Encoder For Motor

Speed Measurement 619


Project Program 621

Project 7.24—Closed-Loop DC Motor Speed Control—On/Off

Control 624


Project Program 626

Index 631

PIC microcontroller projects in C : basic to advanced - GBV

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